Functional Terrain Assessment Patterns 2400ML Urinalysis Book

User Manual: 2400ML

Open the PDF directly: View PDF PDF.
Page Count: 38

Quick Reference Guide to Urine
Dipstick Analysis and
Functional Urinalysis
Dicken Weatherby, N.D.
“The Perfect Companion to My In-Office Lab
Testing System Reference Manual”
Urine Dipstick Analysis and Microscopy
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Dicken Weatherby, N.D.
Bear Mountain Publishing • Ashland, OR
Urine Dipstick Analysis and Microscopy
© 2007 BY WEATHERBY & ASSOCIATES, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without written permission from the
authors, except for the inclusion of quotations in a review.
Bear Mountain Publishing
1-541-482-3779
ISBN: 0972646914
Warning - Disclaimer
Bear Mountain Publishing has designed this book to provide information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the
publisher and the authors are not liable for the misconception or misuse of information provided. The purpose of this book is to educate. It is not meant to be a
comprehensive source for diagnostic testing, and is not intended as a substitute for medical diagnosis or treatment, or intended as a substitute for medical
counseling. Information contained in this book should not be construed as a claim or representation that any treatment, process or interpretation mentioned
constitutes a cure, palliative, or ameliorative. The interpretation is intended to supplement the practitioner’s knowledge of their patient. It should be considered
as adjunctive support to other diagnostic medical procedures.
Printed in the United States of America
How to Order
For mail orders call Bear Mountain Publishing in the United States at 541-482-3779, e-mail info@BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
or online at http://www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 3 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Urine Specific Gravity
Ranges: Normal Value: 1.015 High value: >1.015 Low value: <1.015
Clinical implications HIGH
Clinical Implication Additional information
Abnormal solutes in urine An Ï S.G. with Ï or normal urine volume. Need to check dipstick to confirm
presence of protein or glucose.
Adrenal insufficiency A high urinary chloride and a high specific gravity is an indication of adrenal
insufficiency.
Increased mineral loss A high specific gravity may be due to increased mineral solutes in the urine.
Diabetes mellitus Large amounts of glucose or protein Ï the S.G. to > 1.050.
Note: Every 1% of glucose in the urine will Ï the S.G. 0.004
Dehydration Excess water loss from sweating, fever, vomiting
Other causes of S.G. increase Hepatic disease, Congestive heart failure, Protein malnutrition, collagen vascular
disease
LOW
Clinical Implication Additional information
Congested lymphatic system
Ð S.G. and Ð or normal urine volume indicates the kidney is having difficulty
concentrating the urine and cleansing the blood due to a congested lymphatic
system which can cause: swollen glands, allergy symptoms, low back pain,
headaches and nausea. Symptoms worsen in women during menses and
pregnancy, and may lead to vomiting.
Early chronic renal disease Ð S.G. and Ï volume
Diabetes insipidus Ð S.G. and ÏÏ volume
Kidney inflammation and
infection
Ð S.G. and Ð volume
Glomerulonephritis (inflammation without infection)
Pyelonephritis (inflammation with infection)
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 4 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Urine Bilirubin
Normal values: Zero
Clinical implications
Even trace amounts of urinary bilirubin are abnormal and therefore further testing is indicated.
Positive reading
Clinical Implication Additional information
Gall bladder dysfunction Biliary stasis or gallstones. Further testing should be performed to assess this
situation.
Protein maldigestion This can interfere with the transport of bilirubin into the small intestine.
Oxidative stress Excess red blood cell destruction, leading to increased bilirubin levels, may be
caused by increased oxidative stress
Liver detox stress Consider phase II liver detoxification problems
Liver dysfunction
(Inflammation or infection
causing conjugation problems)
• Infectious hepatitis
• Cirrhosis of the liver
• Metastatic disease of the liver
• Congestive heart failure
• Gilbert’s disease
• Jaundice
• Other liver diseases caused by toxic
or infectious agents
Note: Urine bilirubin is negative in hemolytic diseases
More comprehensive diagnostic information can be obtained by comparing urine bilirubin with urine urobilinogen levels:
Bilirubin Urobilinogen Clinical Implication
Ï Ï Liver dysfunction, hepatocellular or partial obstruction
Ï Normal Biliary stasis or gall stones
Negative Ï Hemolytic
Negative Normal Negative
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 5 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Urine Blood or Hemoglobin
Normal levels: None
Clinical implications
Hematuria
Non-Hemolyzed
Clinical Implication Additional information
Conditions associated with
hematuria
• Lower urinary tract infections
• Kidney stones
• Hypertension
• Allergies
• Urinary tract or kidney cancer
• Glomerular infection or inflammation
• Lupus
• Heavy smokers
• Trauma Hemolyzed
Clinical Implication Additional information
Oxidative stress Oxidation and breakdown of red blood cells causes an increase in hemolysed blood.
Check Oxidata test.
Other conditions • Liver pathology
• Allergies
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 6 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Urine Color
Normal values: The color of the urine is straw to amber
Color of Urine Clinical Implications
Colorless • Large fluid intake
• Diabetes insipidus
• Untreated diabetes mellitus
• Alcohol ingestion
• Severe iron deficiency
• Chronic interstitial nephritis
Orange-colored
• Concentrated urine (inadequate fluid
intake, excessive fluid loss, fever)
• Bile
• Drugs (pyridium, rifampin, aco-
gantrisin, furoxone, dilantin)
• Diet (carrot juice, carotenes,
riboflavin, food dyes)
• Uric acid crystals
Brownish color or greenish
yellow
• Bilirubin in urine
• Biliverdin (oxidation of bilirubin on standing), drugs (methylene blue, elavil),
indican, pseudomonas infection
Red (straw to port wine)
• Blood, hemoglobin, or myoglobin,
• Porphyria (port wine color),
• Drugs: phenophthaleins, dorbane
(laxative),
• Diet (beets, blackberries),
• Herbs: cascara, senna,
• Aniline dyes
Brown
• Blood (acid hematin),
• Bilirubin and other bile pigments
(yellow-brown to yellow green).
• Urobilinogen,
• Melanin (melanogin conversion by
exposure to light in multiple myeloma,
melanotic tumor, addison's disease),
• Indican,
• Phenols,
• Drugs (flagyl, nitrofurantoin, l-dopa,
methyldopa, metronidazole,
sulfonamides), lysol poisoning
(brown-black),
• Rhubarb
Blue hue • Food dyes
• Medication
• Pseudomonas infection
• Some porphyries
Green • Pseudomonas infection
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 7 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Urine Glucose
Normal value: Negative
Clinical implications HIGH
Clinical Implication Additional information
Glycosuria with high blood
sugars
1. Diabetes mellitus (also Ï S.G.)
2. Endocrine diseases
3. Infections
4. Extreme emotional stress
5. Obesity
6. Diabetes insipidus
Glycosuria without a high blood
sugar
1. Renal tubule disease (lowered renal
threshold)
2. Pregnancy
3. Heavy metal poisoning
4. Fanconi’s syndrome (amino acid
reabsorption defect)
5. Inflammatory renal disease
Urine Ketones
Normal value: Negative
Clinical implications HIGH (Ketosis)
Clinical Implication Additional information
Low carbohydrate, & high
fat/protein diets Ketones often get produced in these types of diets due to the lack of carbohydrate
consumed (Zone and Atkins type diets)
Liver dysfunction Ketosis often occurs with a decreased liver glycogen. There may also be adrenal
hypofunction, as cortisol is needed to stimulate the liver to release glycogen.
Dietary conditions
1. Increased fat intake or inability to
metabolize fats
2. Starvation and fasting
3. Prolonged vomiting
4. Anorexia
5. Increased protein intake
Carbohydrate maldigestion This is especially true if the patient is eating carbohydrates and there are ketones in
the urine
Kidney disease or kidney failure Renal glycosuria
Blood sugar abnormalities 1. Diabetic acidosis 2. Severe hypoglycemia
Dehydration Kidneys are unable to eliminate ketones efficiently
Increased metabolic states 1. Hyperthyroidism 2. Fever 2. Pregnancy or lactation
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 8 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Urine Leukocyte Esterase
Normal values: Zero. A color change occurs with > 5 WBCs/high powered field
Clinical implications Positive reading
Clinical Implication Additional information
Infection or inflammation • Intestinal inflammation
• Pyelonephritis (acute or chronic)
• Cystitis or Urethritis
• Prostatitis
• Kidney stones
• Acute glomerulonephritis
Other causes for the presence
of leukocyte esterase • retained foreign body
• Dehydration
• Fever
• Stress
Urine Nitrites
Normal value: Negative for bacteria
Clinical implications Positive reading
Clinical Implication Additional information
Bacteriauria A positive nitrite test indicates the presence of bacteria in the urine, suggesting a
urinary tract infection. This test does not confirm an infection, so further testing in the
form of microscopic evaluation of urine and urine culture needs to be performed.
Ï Nitrites along with an Ï Leukocyte esterase = infection Urine Odor
Normal values: Urine is normally odorless
Ammonia/fetid • Presence of bacterial overgrowth • Loss of alkaline buffers in the body
Sweetish, brown, frothy • Presence of bile (bile duct obstruction)
Sweet • Look for sugar problems e.g. diabetes • Biliary problems
Fruity and sweet • Ketoneuria
Foul • Fecal contamination, recto-urethral fistula
Mousy, musty • Phenylketonuria
Maple syrup • Maple syrup urine disease
Any strong, unusual, persistent
odor • Maybe herbs or medications
• Metabolic disorders
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 9 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Urine Protein
Normal Ranges: Negative or trace Proteinuria
Glomerular damage Proteinuria is usually the result of an increased glomerular filtration rate
Renal diseases • Nephritis/glomerulonephritis,
• Nephrosis,
• Malignant hypertension,
• Polycystic kidneys,
• Chronic urinary tract obstruction
Non-renal diseases
• Allergies
• Fever,
• Acute infection,
• Leukemia/multiple myeloma
• Toxemia
• Diabetes mellitus
• SLE
Ï Protein and Ï Leukocytes Usually an infection at some level in the urinary tract
Urine Turbidity or Appearance
Normal values: Fresh urine is clear to slightly hazy
Hazy 1. Cooling of the sample,
2. Ph change, 3. RBC's
Cloudy urine- unable to see
through the sample
1. Amorphous sediment or amorphous
crystals , depending on urine ph
(phosphates with alkaline urine,
urates with acidic urine)
2. Pus, with WBC count > 200 cells /
mm3
3. Blood, with RBC count > 500 cells /
mm3
4. Epithelial cells
5. Bacteria
6. Fat - milky appearance
7. Chylomicrons - creamy color -
obstruction of lymph vessels by
parasites, thoracic duct obstruction,
trauma, or tumor
8. Conjugated bilirubin - parenchymal
liver disease, biliary tract obstruction
9. Urobilinogen - parenchymal liver
disease, hemolytic disease
10. Oxalic or glycolic acids
11. Mucus
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 10 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Urine Urobilinogen
Normal Ranges: Trace HIGH
Clinical Implication Additional information
Increased destruction of blood
cells
• Hemolytic anemia
• Pernicious anemia
• Malaria
• Ï Xenotoxins
• Infections
• Ï Oxidative stress
Hemorrhage into the tissues • Pulmonary infarct • Excessive bruising
Reduced conjugation of
bilirubin by the liver
Ï Toxins in the body
Ï Urobilinogen is a sign that the liver is not functioning very well
Hepatic damage as a result of: • Gall bladder disease- biliary
obstruction
• Cirrhosis
• Acute hepatitis
Check all conditions that affect
blood break down
LOW
Clinical Implication Additional information
Anything that prevents bilirubin
excretion into the intestines • Gall stones
• Biliary stasis
• Severe inflammation of biliary ducts
• Cancer of the head of the pancreas
Antibiotic therapy Antibiotics wipe out the normal digestive flora which may prevent the formation of
urobilinogen from bilirubin
Interfering Factors: Diurnal variation: Peak excretion occurs from noon to 4:00 PM
More comprehensive diagnostic information can be obtained by comparing urine urobilinogen with urine bilirubin levels:
Bilirubin Urobilinogen Clinical Implication
Ï Ï Liver dysfunction, hepatocellular or partial obstruction
Ï Normal Biliary stasis or gall stones
Negative Ï Hemolytic
Negative Normal Negative
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 11 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Urine Volume
Ranges for a 24-hour sample:
Normal volume:
800-2000ml Polyuria:
> 2400ml Oliguria:
<800ml
Abnormal solutes:
>1800ml with S.G.>1.020 Poor kidney conc.:
<1400ml with S.G.<1.020 The average value:
1500 ml.
HIGH (>2400ml)
Clinical Implication Additional information
Eating a junk food diet Junk food diets or Standard American Diets can have a diuretic effect on then body
causing a mild polyuria
Ingested diuretics Taking of diuretic medications and the consumption of tea, coffee, soda, alcohol etc.
can cause polyuria
Other functional problems 1. Allergies 2. Underactive adrenals
Polyuria- with Ï BUN and
creatinine levels 1. Diabetic ketoacidosis, 2. Partial obstruction of urinary tract
Polyuria with normal BUN and
creatinine levels 1. Diabetes mellitus
2. Diabetes insipidus 3. Certain tumors of brain and spinal
cord
LOW (<800ml)
Clinical Implication Additional information
Renal causes 1. Renal ischemia
2. Glomerulonephritis and nephritis 3. Renal disease caused by toxic agent
Dehydration Cause by prolonged vomiting, diarrhea or excess sweating
Other causes of oliguria Over active adrenals, edema, recovering from fever, urinary tract obstruction, cardiac
insufficiency
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 12 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Urinary Microscopy
Discussion
Urine microscopy is performed on the sediment of urine that has been centrifuged. The sediment is evaluated for cellular elements
(red and white blood cells and epithelial cells), casts, crystals and bacteria which might originate from anywhere in the genitourinary
tract.
When would you run this test?
1. To investigate and further evaluate positive findings from the Urine reagent dipstick testing
Discussion Normal Clinical implications Interfering factors
RBCs
RBCs occasionally can be found in the
urine. Persistent findings of even small
amounts of erythrocytes should be
investigated because they come from
the kidney and may signal serious
renal dysfunction. They are usually
diagnostic for glomerular diseases.
0-2/HPF normal
>2 is abnormal
and needs to be
investigated
• Renal or systemic disease
• Trauma to kidneys
• Kidney stones
• Pyelonephritis
• Cystitis
• Prostatitis
Alkaline urine hemolyzes red blood cells
Heavy smokers have small amounts of
RBCs in urine
Menstruation
Strenuous exercise
Red cell
casts
Red cell casts indicate acute
inflammatory or vascular disorders in
the glomerulus. Their presence in the
urine may be the only manifestation of
certain diseases.
Zero casts • Acute glomerulonephritis (GN)
• Associated with SLE
May appear after strenuous physical
activity or contact sports
Alkaline urine dissolves RBC casts
WBCs WBCs may originate from anywhere in
the genitourinary tract 0-4/HPF
• >50/HPF indicates acute
bacterial infection within
urinary tract (perform urine
culture)
• All renal diseases
• Cystitis or prostatitis
• Chronic pyelonephritis (PN)
Strenuous exercise
Vaginal discharge- need clean catch
WBC
casts Always come from the kidney tubules
Indicates renal parenchymal infection Zero casts • PN (most common cause)
• Occasionally acute GN
Epithelial
cells Cells from the kidneys, bladder or
urethra and vagina (squamous)
0-2/HPF (renal)
Squamous are
common
• Acute tubular damage
• Acute GN
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 13 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Discussion Normal Clinical implications Interfering factors
Epithelial
cell casts
Caused by the cast-off tubule cells in the
kidney that slowly degenerates. Will
appear in large numbers when there is
damage to tubule epithelium
Zero • Nephrosis
• GN
Bacteria Increased amounts are seen with renal
and urinary tract infections
Small amounts
in non-clean
catch
20 or more bacteria per high
powered microscope field may
indicate a UTI (do urine culture) Non-clean catch
Yeast Usually indicates vaginal contamination Zero In males: immunosupression Non-clean catch
Hyaline
casts
Formed from precipitation of protein within
the tubules. Their presence depends on
flow of urine, urine pH and if present
degree of proteinuria.
Usually non pathological
0-2/LPF
non-pathological, form after exercise
or in concentrated or highly acidic
urine
With proteinuria Indicates possible
damage to glomerular membrane,
which permits leakage of proteins:
Nephritis
Malignant HTN
Chronic renal disease
Urine Crystals
May present with no symptoms or are associated with kidney stone formation. The type of crystal formed varies with urine pH.
Type of Crystal Ph of urine Clinical implication
Uric acid 5.0-6.5 gout, acute febrile conditions, chronic nephritis
Amorphous urates, sodium urate 5.0-6.5 salts of Na+, K+, Mg++, Ca++; normal
Calcium oxalate Up to pH 7.5 Fat digestion problems, ethylene glycol poisoning, DM, liver disease, severe renal disease,
ingestion of oxalate-rich foods
Cystine 5.0-6.5 pathological ; indicates an inherited metabolic condition
Leucine 5.0-6.5 pathological ; maple syrup or oathouse urine disease, liver disease
Tyrosine 5.0-6.5 pathological ; tyrosinosis, Oathouse urine disease, liver disease
Hippuric acid 5.0-6.5 no significance
Cholesterol 5.0-6.5
indicates excessive tissue breakdown - nephrotic syndrome, chyluria (fat in urine), filariasis,
tumors
Triple phosphates 7.5-9.0 ammonium-magnesium-phosphate - with urinary calculi, chronic pyelitis, chronic cystitis, BPH
with urinary retention
Amorphous phosphates 7.5-9.0 similar to amorphous urates ; no significance
Calcium carbonate 7.5-9.0 no significance
Calcium phosphate 7.5-9.0 may form calculi
Ammonium urate 7.5-9.0 found with bacterial infection if in freshly voided urine
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Urine Dipstick Results form
Client’s Name:___________________________________ Practitioner:_____________________
Pathology Screening With Reagent Test Strip Date:
TEST NORMAL ABNORMAL FINDINGS
Color Straw to amber Colorless red green/yellow orange brown
Turbidity Clear to hazy Cloudy very cloudy mucous
Volume 1500 ml < 800ml (oliguria) > 2400ml (polyuria)
Glucose Negative +1 +2 +3 +4
Bilirubin Negative +1 +2 +3
Ketones Negative +1 +2 +3
Hemolyzed: +1 (5-10) +2 (10-25) +3 (25-50) +4 (>50)
Blood Negative Non-heme.: +1 (5-10) +2 (10-25) +3 (25-50) +4 (>50)
Protein Negative Trace (5-20mg) +1 (30mg) +2 (100mg) +3 (300mg) +4
Urobilinogen Trace +1 +2 +3 +4
Nitrites Negative Positive
Leukocytes Negative +1 (10-25) +2 (25-75) +3 (>75)
Pathology Screening With Reagent Test Strip Date:
TEST NORMAL ABNORMAL FINDINGS
Color Straw to amber Colorless red green/yellow orange brown
Turbidity Clear to hazy Cloudy very cloudy mucous
Volume 1500 ml < 800ml (oliguria) > 2400ml (polyuria)
Glucose Negative +1 +2 +3 +4
Bilirubin Negative +1 +2 +3
Ketones Negative +1 +2 +3
Hemolyzed: +1 (5-10) +2 (10-25) +3 (25-50) +4 (>50)
Blood Negative Non-heme.: +1 (5-10) +2 (10-25) +3 (25-50) +4 (>50)
Protein Negative Trace (5-20mg) +1 (30mg) +2 (100mg) +3 (300mg) +4
Urobilinogen Trace +1 +2 +3 +4
Nitrites Negative Positive
Leukocytes Negative +1 (10-25) +2 (25-75) +3 (>75)
Pathology Screening With Reagent Test Strip Date:
TEST NORMAL ABNORMAL FINDINGS
Color Straw to amber Colorless red green/yellow orange brown
Turbidity Clear to hazy Cloudy very cloudy mucous
Volume 1500 ml < 800ml (oliguria) > 2400ml (polyuria)
Glucose Negative +1 +2 +3 +4
Bilirubin Negative +1 +2 +3
Ketones Negative +1 +2 +3
Hemolyzed: +1 (5-10) +2 (10-25) +3 (25-50) +4 (>50)
Blood Negative Non-heme.: +1 (5-10) +2 (10-25) +3 (25-50) +4 (>50)
Protein Negative Trace (5-20mg) +1 (30mg) +2 (100mg) +3 (300mg) +4
Urobilinogen Trace +1 +2 +3 +4
Nitrites Negative Positive
Leukocytes Negative +1 (10-25) +2 (25-75) +3 (>75)
Quick Reference Guide to Functional Urinalysis
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
And Other In-Office Tests
Dicken Weatherby, N.D.
Bear Mountain Publishing • Ashland, OR
Quick Reference Guide to Functional Urinalysis
© 2007 BY WEATHERBY & ASSOCIATES, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without written permission from
the authors, except for the inclusion of quotations in a review.
Bear Mountain Publishing
1-541-482-3779
Warning - Disclaimer
Bear Mountain Publishing has designed this book to provide information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the
publisher and the authors are not liable for the misconception or misuse of information provided. The purpose of this book is to educate. It is not meant to be
a comprehensive source for diagnostic testing, and is not intended as a substitute for medical diagnosis or treatment, or intended as a substitute for medical
counseling. Information contained in this book should not be construed as a claim or representation that any treatment, process or interpretation mentioned
constitutes a cure, palliative, or ameliorative. The interpretation is intended to supplement the practitioner’s knowledge of their patient. It should be
considered as adjunctive support to other diagnostic medical procedures.
Printed in the United States of America
How to Order
For mail orders call Bear Mountain Publishing in the United States at 541-482-3779, e-mail info@BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
or online at http://www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 16 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
In-Office Lab Testing Assessment Patterns
Introduction
This section focuses on the patterns or combinations that exist between 2 or more elements and the diagnostic
information that can be found with such an analysis.
When analyzing the patterns it might be useful to look back at each of the individual component.
The following is a glossary of terms that are used in describing some of these patterns:
Digestion: The breakdown of food particles in the GI tract
Absorption: Passage of food particles across the intestinal mucosa
Assimilation: Nutrients are assimilated into the blood stream
Utilization: Passage of nutrients from the blood through the cell membrane
1. Assimilation and digestion
2. Acid/Alkaline Assessment
3. Electrolyte assessment
4. Calcium and mineralization
5. Macronutrient Maldigestion Patterns
6. Urine bilirubin with urine urobilinogen levels
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 17 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Assimilation and digestion
PATTERN INTERPRETATION CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Ï Indican
Ï Sediment
Hypochlorhydria
Pancreatic Insufficiency
Leaky Gut Syndrome
1. High indican levels are a reflection of protein mal-digestion and an excess of
undigested food particles. Both of these are signs of hypochlorhydria.
2. High sediment reflects poor breakdown of the absorbed nutrients due to leaky gut
syndrome or pancreatic insufficiency (lack or decreased activity of digestive
enzymes).
Patients with this pattern may inform you that their appetite is extremely high and that
they eat even when they are not hungry.
Ï Indican
Ð Sediment Maldigestion
Malabsorption
This pattern indicates poor digestion and absorption of nutrients across the gut wall into
the blood and cell. There may be damage to the small intestine mucosa, as a result of a
bacterial overgrowth or other infection, causing decreased permeability or a reduced
intestinal mucosal surface area. One of the symptoms of this might be an excessive
appetite. The maldigestion may be from hypochlorhydria or pancreatic insufficiency.
N indican
Ð Sediment Malabsorption
Deficient Dietary intake
This pattern indicates malabsorption without maldigestion. There may also be a relatively
deficient dietary intake as a result of poor diet or a relative reduction in food intake. There
may be damage to the small intestine mucosa.
N indican
Ï Sediment
Leaky Gut Syndrome
Vitamin/mineral
deficiencies
This pattern indicates good digestion but an increased permeability. With increased
sediment there is evidence of abnormal metabolites being absorbed through a leaky gut.
The increase in abnormal metabolites may be due to a deficiency in minerals and
vitamins that act as co-enzymes to the enzymatic processes of digestion. This is a
pattern often seen in people who are eating large amounts of one food group
Ï Indican
Ï Calcium Hypochlorhydria
This pattern is associated with poor digestion, especially proteins, due to an inability to
produce enough acidity in the stomach i.e. Hypochlorhydria. Since half of the circulating
calcium is bound to protein, a protein deficiency resulting from an HCL deficiency could
increase the ionized (diffusible) calcium, which is readily excreted in the urine.
Ï Indican
Ð Calcium
Lowered systemic pH
Bicarbonate deficiency
Ï Phosphorous loss
This pattern may suggest a high loss of phosphorous due to increased systemic acidity.
This may be result from a deficiency in bicarbonate buffers.
There is decreased calcium because it is being used to buffer excess hydrogen ions in
the extracellular fluid.
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 18 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Acid/Alkaline Assessment
PATTERN INTERPRETATION CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Ï Resp. rate
Ð Breath hold
Ð Urine pH
Ï Saliva pH
Metabolic
Acidosis
1. Alkaline saliva- the respiratory system kicks in by increasing the rate and depth of
breathing to blow off as much CO2 as possible. This will lower the carbonic acid levels
in the body leading to alkaline saliva.
2. Acidic urine- this represents the kidney excreting H+
3. Increased respiratory rate- The body is attempting to blow off CO2 to decrease
carbonic acid levels
4. Decreased breath holding time- acidosis causes a decreased oxygen transport and
uptake, thus leading to a decreased ability to hold ones breath
Ï/ Ð Resp. rate
Ð Breath hold
ÐUrine pH
Ð Saliva pH
Respiratory
Acidosis
1. Acid saliva- due to the increased levels of CO2 and carbonic acid
2. Acidic urine- due to the kidney excretion of H+
3. Increased respiratory rate- The body is attempting to blow off CO2 to decrease
carbonic acid levels that have built up as a result of the hypoventilation, which is a
hallmark of respiratory acidosis
4. Decreased breath holding time- acidosis causes a decreased oxygen transport and
uptake, thus leading to a decreased ability to hold ones breath
Ï/Ð Resp. rate
Ï Breath hold
Ï Urine pH
Ï Saliva pH
Respiratory
Alkalosis
(Also known as
stress or anxiety
alkalosis)
1. Alkaline saliva- due to the increased loss of CO2 and carbonic acid
2. Alkaline urine- due to the kidney retention of H+
3. The respiratory rate may be increased or decreased- The body is attempting to blow off
CO2 to decrease carbonic acid levels but the respiration patterns are often irregular
4. Increased breath holding time- alkalosis causes an increased oxygen transport and
uptake, thus leading to an increased ability to hold ones breath
Ð Resp. rate
Ï Breath hold
Ï Urine pH
Ð Saliva pH
Metabolic
alkalosis
1. Acidic saliva- a slowing of the respiration rate will cause more carbonic acid in the
extracellular fluids leading to an acidic saliva
2. Alkaline urine- due to kidney excretion of bicarbonate and retention H+
3. Decreased respiratory rate- due to the suppression of the respiratory centers (the body
is attempting to lessen the blow off CO2 to increase carbonic acid levels)
4. Increased breath holding time- alkalosis causes an increased oxygen transport and
uptake, thus leading to an increased ability to hold ones breath
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 19 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Electrolyte assessment
PATTERN INTERPRETATION CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Ð Urine chloride
Ï Urine pH Excess alkaline
reserves
The extracellular fluid is alkaline. Large amounts of chloride are reabsorbed resulting in a
decreased urine chloride. The renal tubules release bicarbonate and hold onto H+ in
order to buffer the excess alkalinity. The urine becomes alkaline. This is a normal
variation.
Ï Urine chloride
Ð Urine pH
Excess acid
reserves
Electrolyte
insufficiency
The extracellular fluid is acidic. The body copes by causing the renal tubules to reabsorb
bicarbonate in order to buffer the acidity. Urine becomes more acidic. Chloride ion
reabsorption is decreased resulting in a high urine chloride. This is a normal variation.
Ð Urine chloride
Ð Urine pH
Potassium
deficiency
Salt deficiency
The blood is deficient in potassium, from eating the standard American diet, too much
refined sugar or diuretic use, produces this pattern. The body is excreting H+ and
retaining chloride, which leads to an acidic urine. Because of the low pH the body
excretes more potassium. If patient has this pattern and reports that their urine output is
low consider sodium deficiency because the body is retaining chloride and excreting H+.
Ï Urine chloride
Ï Urine pH
Ï Calcium Excess salt In this pattern the body is excreting bicarbonate and chloride as well as calcium. This
pattern is seen in people who consume excess amounts of salt.
Ï Urine chloride
Ï Urine pH
Ð Calcium Excess potassium This pattern is similar but different from the one above. In this pattern the body is
excreting bicarbonate and chloride, but retaining calcium. This pattern is seen in salt
deficient diets or people who are taking too much potassium.
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 20 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Calcium and mineralization
PATTERN INTERPRETATION CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Ð Urine pH
Ð Calcium
Excess stomach
acid
Excess stomach acid- possible causes often associated with this pattern are:
• Very high protein diet
• Magnesium deficiency, because magnesium neutralizes HCl in the stomach.
• Medications
• Taking Betaine HCl
• Acid retention due to kidney disease
• Ketosis from fasting or diabetes
ÐUrine pH
Ï Calcium
Complex
carbohydrate
deficiency
Alkaline mineral
deficiency
Complex carbohydrate deficiency associated with the standard American Diet i.e. fast
food diet high in sugar and protein (Ï sugar can cause Ï calcium in the urine)
Alkaline minerals are being depleted in order to alkalinize the cell. A pattern seen in
respiratory acidosis and respiratory conditions such as asthma and emphysema. You
may see this pattern after an acute asthma attack.
Ï Urine pH
Ð Calcium Hypochlorhydria
Hypochlorhydria can cause poor protein digestion leading to low calcium levels since half
of the calcium is bound to protein.
It is also suggestive of the following:
• Poor protein and calcium digestion and transportation due to Hypochlorhydria
• Poor reserve levels of calcium in the bones
• Fatty acid deficiency.
Ï Urine pH
Ï Calcium Protein deficiency This pattern can be due to protein deficiency due to low protein diet or poor protein
absorption. Use of protease to increase absorption may be useful. The increase in
calcium may be due to the intake of a non-ionizing form of calcium
N Urine pH
Ð Calcium Low calcium levels
in body
May be caused by insufficient intake of calcium or other factors that affect calcium
digestion, absorption and utilization. Most of the unabsorbed calcium will be excreted in
the stool.
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 21 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Macronutrient Maldigestion Patterns
PATTERN INTERPRETATION CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Ð Urine
chloride
Ï S.G.
Protein
maldigestion
This pattern indicates a difficulty in digesting protein either from a deficiency in protease
enzyme or hypochlorhydria. This is associated with a loss of muscle mass, poor recovery
time after exercise, hypoglycemia/blood sugar dysregulation, and poor utilization of calcium
and magnesium, which must bind with amino acids to be fully assimilated.
People with this pattern may also have intestinal mucosal integrity problems causing
ileocecal valve problems, constipation and other lower bowel problems. This may be due to
glutamine deficiencies.
Ð Urine
chloride
Ð S.G. Fat maldigestion
This pattern indicates a difficulty in dealing with fats either from a deficiency in lipase
enzymes or poor bile emulsification. Your patients may talk about having a fat intolerance.
This is associated with a deficiency in essential fatty acids, fat soluble nutrient deficiencies
and liver and/or gallbladder problems.
Ï Urine
chloride
Ï S.G.
Fiber and
carbohydrate
maldigestion
This pattern indicates fiber and carbohydrate maldigestion and metabolism, which may
result from a deficiency in amylase or cellulase, or a high carbohydrate, low protein, low
sodium and low fat diet. This pattern is associated with irritable bowel like symptoms, such
as diarrhea. With this combination the pituitary increases the stimulation of ADH and GH to
retain electrolytes. The patient may suffer from poor circulation, cold hands and feet, and a
low sex drive.
Ï Urine
chloride
Ð S.G.
Sugar
maldigestion
This pattern is common in people who have problem digesting and handling sugar.
Patients may consume large amounts of carbohydrates and say that they are sugar
intolerant. This pattern is associated with the following conditions:
• Sugar handling difficulties
• Malabsorption,
• Decreased cell permeability
Sugar intolerance may also lead to depression, insomnia, emotional instability, and panic
attacks.
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 22 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Urine bilirubin with urine urobilinogen levels
PATTERN INTERPRETATION CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Ï bilirubin
Ï Urobilinogen Liver dysfunction This pattern has its origin in the liver with possible hepatocellular dysfunction or partial
obstruction
Ï Bilirubin
N Urobilinogen Biliary Stasis This pattern is associated with more of a gallbladder origin either biliary stasis with
congested bile or gall stones
Neg Bilirubin
Ï Urobilinogen Hemolytic in
origin This pattern is more hemolytic in origin. There is an increase in red blood cell destruction
due to hemolytic anemia, oxidative stress, Ï xenotoxins.
Other patterns:
Increased Oxidative Stress Ï Oxidata test
Ï Urinary urobilinogen
Ï Hemolysed blood in urine
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 23 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
CONDITIONS AND TERRAIN ASSESSMENT TESTS
CONDITION HIGH LOW
Adrenal
hyperfunctioning Ð Urine chloride
Adrenal
hypofunctioning Ï Urine chloride
Alkaline mineral
insufficiency
Ï Saliva pH
Ï Calcium oxalate sediment
Ï Urine chloride
Ð Saliva pH
Antioxidant
insufficiency Ï Oxidata test
Bowel toxemia Ï Indican
Carbohydrate
maldigestion
Ï Calcium phos. sediment
Ï Urine chloride
Ï Specific gravity
Ï Urine ketones
Ð Urine pH
Ð Saliva pH
Complex
carbohydrate
deficiency
Ï Urine Calcium Ð Urine pH
Deficient dietary
intake Normal Indican Ð Total sediment
Dysbiosis Ï Indican
Electrolyte
insufficiency Ï Urine chloride Ð Urine pH
Electrolyte stress Ï Urine pH Ð Urine chloride
Essential fatty acid
deficiency Ð Saliva pH
Excess protein intake Ï Indican
Ï Uric acid sediment
Ï Urine ketones
Ð Urine calcium
Ð Urine pH
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 24 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
CONDITION HIGH LOW
Fat maldigestion
Ï Indican
Ï Calcium oxalate sediment
Ð Urine pH
Ð Saliva pH
Ð Urine chloride
Ð Specific gravity
Gallbladder
insufficiency Ï Calcium oxalate sediment
Ï Urine Bilirubin
Hypochlorhydria
Ï Saliva pH
Ï Indican
Ï Uric acid sediment
Ï Urine chloride
Ï Urine pH
Ð Urine calcium
Hypothyroidism,
Subclinical
Ð Basal body temp
Ð Iodine
Ð Achilles return reflex
Immune dysfunction Ï Urine pH
Iodine insufficiency Ð Iodine
Kidney stress Ï 1st AM Urine pH
Ï Urine chloride
Ï Oxidata test
Leaky gut syndrome Ï Total sediment
Ï Indican
Liver stress
Ï 1st AM Urine pH
Ï Urine bilirubin
Ï Urine ketones
Ï Urine urobilinogen
Low calcium levels Ð Urine calcium
Low redox potential Ð Oxidata test
Malabsorption Ï Indican
Ð Saliva pH
Ð Total urine sediment
Ð Urine chloride
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 25 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
CONDITION HIGH LOW
Maldigestion Ï Saliva pH
Ï Indican
Ï Oxidata test
Ð Urine pH
Ð Total sediment
Metabolic acidosis Ï Respiration rate
Ï Saliva pH
Ð Breath holding time
Ð Urine pH
Ð Calcium
Metabolic alkalosis Ï Breath holding time
Ï Urine pH
Ï Calcium
Ð Respiration rate
Ð Saliva pH
Oxidative stress
Ï Oxidata test
Ï Urine chloride
Ï Urine bilirubin
Ï Urine urobilinogen
Ï Urine blood- hemolysed
Pancreatic
insufficiency Ï Total sediment Ð Urine pH
Ð Saliva pH
Protein deficiency Ï Urine pH
Ï Urine calcium
Protein maldigestion
Ï Urine pH
Ï Indican
Ï Uric acid sediment
Ï Specific gravity
Ï Urine bilirubin
Ð Urine chloride
Respiratory acidosis
Ï Respiration rate
Ï Urine calcium
Ð Respiration rate
Ð Breath holding time
Ð Urine pH
Ð Saliva pH
Respiratory alkalosis
Ï Respiration rate
Ï Breath holding time
Ï Saliva pH
ÏUrine pH
Ð Respiration rate
Ð calcium
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 26 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
INDIVIDUAL TESTS
Acid-base Terrain
Tests used to identify patterns of acid/alkaline imbalance
Ï Breath hold Ï Resp. Rate Ï Urine pH Ï Saliva pH
• Metabolic alkalosis
• Respiratory alkalosis
• Metabolic acidosis
• Respiratory acidosis
(compensation)
• Respiratory alkalosis
(acute)
• Sympathetic stress
• Bacterial infection
• Susceptibility to yeast
and viruses
• Protein maldigestion
• Alkalosis (respiratory and
metabolic)
• Calcium metabolism
problems
• Metabolic acidosis
• Respiratory alkalosis
• Maldigestion
• Hypochlorhydria
• Sympathetic dominance
• Alkaline mineral
insufficiency
• Dental tartar
Ð Breath hold Ð Resp. Rate Ð Urine pH Ð Saliva pH
• Metabolic acidosis
• Respiratory acidosis
• Anemia
• Antioxidant insufficiency
• Anxiety
• Stress
• Metabolic alkalosis
• Respiratory acidosis
(acute/primary cause)
• Respiratory alkalosis
(Compensation)
• Maldigestion
• Carbohydrate and fat
maldigestion
• Phase III detoxification
issues
• Pancreatic insufficiency
• Acidosis (respiratory and
metabolic)
• Inflammation
• Arthritis
• Metabolic alkalosis
• Respiratory acidosis
• Malabsorption
• Carbohydrate
maldigestion
• Pancreatic insufficiency
• EFA deficiency
• Fat digestion problems
• Alkaline mineral
insufficiency
• Dental caries
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 27 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Dr. Bieler’s salivary pH acid challenge-
Identifying Imbalances in Secondary buffering systems
Normal patterns Alkaline Reaction
The initial salivary
pH of 7.2 drops
immediately after
the acid challenge
and takes a few
minutes to climb
up into the alkaline
range. The slow
climb up to 7.6 at 5
minutes indicates
healthy mineral
reserves
The alkaline
reaction is a fairly
normal reaction to a
sudden increase of
acid into the body
but there are the
beginnings of a
tendency to drift
towards mineral
insufficiency. The
Mineral reserves
are intact but the
buffering systems
are not able to drive
the pH as alkaline
as the normal
curve.
Baseline Lemon 1 2 3 4 5 Baseline Lemon 1 2 3 4 5
7.2 5.2 6.4 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.2 5.2 6.6 7.0 7.2 7.2 7.2
5.2
5.6
6
6.4
6.8
7.2
7.6
8
Baseline
Post Lemon
1 min.
2 Mins.
3 Mins.
4 Mins.
5 Mins.
5.2
5.6
6
6.4
6.8
7.2
7.6
8
Baseline
Post Lemon
1 min.
2 Mins.
3 Mins.
4 Mins.
5 Mins.
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 28 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
2. Mineral insufficiency In the mineral insufficiency pattern the initial salivary pH of 7.2 drops immediately with
the acid challenge and takes a few minutes to climb up to the alkaline range.
The slow climb up to a pH of 6.8 at 2 minutes starts to look like the normal curve, but it
fails to completely alkalinize the saliva. This is an indication of mineral insufficiency.
There are mineral reserves present but they are not replete enough to fully buffer the
acidity.
The more the curve begins to drop the weaker the reserves are.
Baseline Lemon 1 2 3 4 5
7.0 5.2 6.4 7.0 6.8 6.6 6.6
3. Hypersympathetic overload with mineral insufficiency
Starting point is acidic at 6.4. This pattern is already displaying signs of buffering
problems before the test has started.
The alkaline spike after 1 minute indicates that ammonia is being used as a buffer.
Ammonia, and not minerals, is being released. You may notice the ammonia response
in the urine, which may have an ammonia smell.
This patient will complain of being wiped out and fatigued. They probably do not sleep
well, are stressed and complain of feeling depleted. Any types of stress reduction
techniques are essential for these people along with adrenal restoration. They often
complain of not being able to relax. Notice also that the curve does not come down very
quickly. The ammonia is quite a long term buffer.
Baseline Lemon 1 2 3 4 5
6.4 5.2 8 8 7.9 7.8 7.7
5.2
5.6
6
6.4
6.8
7.2
7.6
8
Baseline
Post Lemon
1 min.
2 Mins.
3 Mins.
4 Mins.
5 Mins.
5.2
5.6
6
6.4
6.8
7.2
7.6
8
Baseline
Post Lemon
1 min.
2 Mins.
3 Mins.
4 Mins.
5 Mins.
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 29 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
4. Hypersympathetic overload with signs of mineral sufficiency
This curve looks similar to the curve above in the hyper sympathetic patient. There is
still the ammonia spike but after 2 minutes there is signs of mineral reserve activity
coming online because the pH is beginning to drop into the normal range.
Baseline Lemon 1 2 3 4 5
6.8 5.2 8.0 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.4
This pattern is an indication of a loss of buffering capacity, at least in the short term.
There is probably cell rigidity and the kidneys are probably no longer reclaiming acidity.
The first morning urine pH may be alkaline. Check the urine dipstick for any
abnormalities and run a blood chemistry screen and CBC
Baseline Lemon 1 2 3 4 5
5. Loss of alkaline reserves
6.0 5.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
5.2
5.6
6
6.4
6.8
7.2
7.6
8
Baseline
Post Lemon
1 min.
2 Mins.
3 Mins.
4 Mins.
5 Mins.
5.2
5.6
6
6.4
6.8
7.2
7.6
8
Baseline
Post Lemon
1 min.
2 Mins.
3 Mins.
4 Mins.
5 Mins.
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 31 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Gastrointestinal Terrain
Ï Bowel Toxicity Test Ï Sediment Alkaline Gastro-test Ï Urine Calcium
Total:
• Poor assimilation
• Pancreatic insufficiency
• Leaky Gut Syndrome
Calcium phosphate:
• Carbohydrate, sugar and
starch maldigestion
Uric acid:
• Protease deficiency
• Hypochlorhydria
• Protein maldigestion
• Excess protein intake
Calcium oxalate:
• Fat maldigestion
• Lipase deficiency
• Poor fat emulsification
• Calcium and magnesium
deficiency
• Bowel toxemia
• Dysbiosis
• Hypochlorhydria
• Maldigestion
• Malabsorption
• High protein intake
Ð Total sediment
• Malabsorption
• Hypochlorhydria
• Achlorhydria (>5.0)
Use bicarbonate challenge
to test acid reserves
• Excess calcium
supplementation
• Calcium mobilized from
bone
• High refined sugars in
diet
• Hyperparathyroidism
Ð Urine calcium
• Low calcium in body
• Excess protein intake
• Malabsorption
• Hypoparathyroidism
Hormonal Terrain
High Urine Chloride Low Urine Chloride
• Adrenal hypofunctioning
• Hypochlorhydria
• Kidney stress
• Alkaline mineral insufficiency
• Oxidative stress
• Adrenal hyperfunction
• Electrolyte stress/increased toxicity
• Malabsorption syndrome
• Diarrhea/excess vomiting
© Weatherby & Associates, LLC 32 www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Oxidative Stress Terrain
Low Redox +2 Oxidative stress +3 Oxidative stress
• Loss of high energy electron
intermediates
• Low electron potential
• Susceptible to degenerative diseases
• Premature tissue aging
• Liver stress
• Kidney stress
• Pancreas stress
• Blood sugar problems
• Adrenal stress
• Lymphatic congestion
• Fatigue
• Lymphatic stress
• Xenotoxins
• Greatly reduced ATP production
• Maldigestion
• Blood sugar dysregulation
Most of us at some point or other have come to recognize that the diagnostic tests we learned
in medical school taught us nothing about how to uncover our patients’ functional problems.
This is why I wrote my rst book, “Blood Chemistry and CBC Analysis- Clinical Laboratory
Testing From a Functional Perspective” with my colleague Dr. Scott Ferguson, to make the
wealth of functional information you can get from a standard Chemistry Screen and CBC avail-
able to health care practitioners. This book and other products in my “Four Quadrants of Func-
tional Diagnosis” series are designed to give you and your practice the same functional diag-
nostic education that thousands of practitioners have been using successfully in their practices.
Diagnostic Education for the Functional Age
The “Four Quadrants of Functional Diagnosis”
The Four Quadrants of Functional Diagnosis will help you:
• Get excellent patient results
• Dramatically improve your clinical outcomes
• Get more referrals
• Cut the amount of time you spend analyzing your patient cases
• Set up a system of functional tests that will be the envy of all your colleagues
In preparing for the Functional Age, the rules on how to manage the diagnostic information
in your practice have changed. You can no longer blindly use the same tests every one else
is using and hope to get different results. The Functional Age will require that you have more
information to be able to properly nd the cause of your patients’ problems. Signs and Symp-
toms Analysis from A Functional Perspective, Boost Clinic Income With an In-Ofce Lab Sys-
tem, and The Functional Blood Chemistry Analysis System were developed for practitioners
just like you who recognize the need for a new paradigm in diagnostic information. Practitio-
ners who realize that the Pathological Age is over and the Functional Age has begun.
Dr. Dicken Weatherby, Naturopathic Physician
Functional Blood Chemistry Analysis
Blood Chemistry and CBC Analysis- Clinical Laboratory
Testing from a Functional Perspective
This book presents a diagnostic system of blood chemistry and CBC
analysis that focuses on physiological function as a marker of health. By
looking for optimum function we increase our ability to detect dysfunc-
tion long before disease manifests. Conventional lab testing becomes
a truly preventative and prognostic tool. A must for any practitioners
who wants to get more from the tests they are already running.
Printed Book $65.00 (in the U.S.A.) ISBN: 0-9761367-1-6
Quick Reference Guide to Blood Chemistry Analysis
From a Functional Perspective
This guide is the perfect companion to our Blood Chemistry and
CBC Analysis Book. It is a complete reference for interpreting, ana-
lyzing, and nding the underlying cause of your patients’ functional
complaints. You will nd yourself referring to this guide over and over
again.
Printed Book $35.00 (in the U.S.A.) ISBN: 0-9761367-8-3
Functional Blood Chemistry Analysis Seminar on Au-
dio
Any practitioners of the healing arts will gain a tremendous benet from
listening to this complete one day seminar on audio CD. Dr. Weatherby
guides the listener through his method of analyzing blood chemistry
and CBC tests. Topics include using standard blood tests to analyze
the following: GI dysfunction, minerals and vitamin insufciencies,
blood sugar dysregulation, cardiovascular problems, thyroid issues,
and adrenal dysfunction..
6 hours of audio $147.00 (in the U.S.A.) ISBN: 0-9726469-4-9
The Full Functional Blood Chemistry Analysis System is a
complete road map to success that shows you exactly how
to approach each blood chemistry analysis step by step. This
system includes the printed reference book, the Quick Refer-
ence Guide, and the Audio Recordings, a system for getting
the most out of your blood chemistry tests.
A functional diagnosis of your patients’ blood test results is one
of the most effective diagnostic tools to get to the bottom of the
myriad of health complaints your patients present with. Gain
expert status, and increase business by being the one doctor
who can tell patients exactly what their blood tests mean.
Full Blood Chemistry System $197.00 (in the U.S.A.)
ISBN: 0-9761367-3-2
Boost Your Clinic
Income!
In-Ofce Lab Testing
I want you to be successful in your practice and to
have the same tools that I use to increase clinical
efcacy and clinic income, which is why I created my
Boost Clinic Income With an In-Ofce Lab System.
The tests I present in this system will help you get
a wealth of functional data from your patients and
the income you make on these tests stays in your
practice. At the heart of this system is my Functional
Urinalysis program.
Functional Urinalysis allows you to run a series of
simple urine tests that get to the heart of the distur-
bances in your patients’ inner “terrain”. These tests
have been used for many years but until now the interpretive information available to health
care practitioners has been poor. I have put together the most comprehensive system for
understanding and interpreting the Functional Urinalysis. Watch the instructional DVD, listen to
the 2 audio CDs packed with time saving tips and interpretive tools, refer to the in-depth refer-
ence manual, and start paying for your ofce overhead with Functional Urinalysis!
Reference Manual
$85.00 (in the U.S.A)
ISBN: 0-9761367-4-0
Urine Dipstick Guide
$35.00 (in the U.S.A)
ISBN: 0-9761367-9-1
Functional Urinalysis
Audio Program
$85.00 (in the U.S.A)
Functional Urinalysis DVD
$85.00 (in the U.S.A)
Get the complete “Boost Clinic In-
come With an In-Ofce Lab” system
to rapidly increase your clinic income
with Functional Urinalysis and other
in-ofce labs. Save $43.00 by getting
all the above tools bundled together.
$247.00 (in the U.S.A)
ISBN: 09726469-1-4
Other Functional Diagnostic Tools
To Order Any Functional Diagnostic Product
Please Visit Our Website
www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Signs and Symptoms Analysis From a Functional
Perspective
This book takes a critical look at the myriad of signs and symp-
toms a patient presents with. Using a comprehensive signs and
symptoms questionnaire you can look at the symptom burden
in specic systems of the body, address some of the more ob-
scure symptoms, and track changes over time. Organized by
body systems, this book provides the nutritional and functional
explanations behind the 322 questions on Dr. Weatherby’s 4-
page questionnaire.
Printed Book $65.00 (in the U.S.A.) ISBN: 0-9761367-2-4
Complete PE Reference and Charting System
Drs. Weatherby and Ferguson have put together report forms
for all the major physical examinations commonly performed in
your ofce (i.e. cardiovascular, lung, abdominal, neurological
examinations). These report forms provide an easy method of
charting and ling your physical examination results.
The accompanying reference cards t neatly into your white
coat and provide a detailed explanation of all the tests on each
report form and are an excellent “exam-side” reference to re-
fresh your memory on all the different tests that make up each
examination.
Printed Reference Cards and CD $65.00 (in the U.S.A.)
Complete Practitioner’s Guide to Take-Home
Testing
Drs. Weatherby and Ferguson have put together a series of 17
take-home tests that you can give to your patients to perform in
between their ofce visits. These tests will allow you to assess
for digestion, elimination, zinc status, pH regulation, hypothy-
roid conditions, iodine insufciency, blood type, and food and
other sensitivities and intolerances. Patient “homework” is an
important method of gathering patient data and encouraging
compliance.
Printed Book $45.00 (in the U.S.A.) ISBN: 0-9761367-7-5
Quick Order Form
Fax Orders: 541-488-0323. Send this form.
Telephone orders: Call 541-482-3779
Email orders: orders@bBloodChemistryAnalysis.com
Secure online orders: http://www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com/diagnosisshop.html
Postal orders: Weatherby & Associates, LLC, 2693 Takelma Way, Ashland,
OR 97520, USA. Telephone: 541-482-3779
Please send the following books, CDs or reports. I understand that I may return any
of them for a full refund – for any reason, no questions asked.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Please send more FREE information on:
Other books Live Seminars or Teleseminars Speaking Consulting
Name:________________________________________________________________
Address:_______________________________________________________________
City:______________________________ State: _________ Zip:__________________
Phone:__________________________________ E-mail:________________________
Shipping by air
US: $4.00 for first book and $2.00 for each additional product.
International: $9.00 for first book; $5.00 for each additional product (estimate)
Payment: Cheque Credit Card
Visa Mastercard AMEX Discover
Personal check (payable to Weatherby & Associates, LLC):
Card number:_______________________________________________________
Name on card:________________________________Exp. Date:______________
http://www.BloodChemistryAnalysis.com

Navigation menu