Exalt Wireless 105P25P Ex-i Series 5.8GHz Radio Module User Manual

Exalt Communications Inc. Ex-i Series 5.8GHz Radio Module Users Manual

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202675-0052011-08-30EX-i Series FDDDigital Microwave RadiosInstallation and Management GuideModels:EX-5i-DS3-GigEEX-5/6i-DS3-GigEEX-6i-DS3-GigEEX-6i-4DS3-GigEEX-6i-OC3-GigEEX-11i-DS3-GigEEX-11i-4DS3-GigEEX-11i-OC3-GigE

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 iii2011-08-30Table of ContentsLegal Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiOpen-Source License Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiList of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viList of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viiAbout this Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viiiRevision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viiiIcons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viiiIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Related Documentation and Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1The EX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Basic Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Pre-installation Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Link Engineering and Site Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Familiarization with the EX-i Series FDD Radios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Shipping Box Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Initial Configuration and Back-to-Back Bench Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6RF Output Power Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Capacity Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Radio Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10System Installation and Initiation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Record Keeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Mechanical Configuration and Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Rack Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Table or Rack Shelf Mounting the System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Radio Ports and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Connector Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16RMT (Remote) Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Rear Panel Diplexer Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Non-Standard Frequency Pairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Antenna Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Space Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Terminating the RF Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21DC Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Reset to Critical Factory Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Antenna/Transmission System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Initial Antenna Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Transmission Line from Antenna to Egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24RF Lightning Arrestor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Transmission Line from Egress to Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Antenna Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Configuration and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radiosiv 202675-0052011-08-30Command Line Interface (CLI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Telnet into the Command Line Interface (CLI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Connect to the Radio in a Telnet Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Telnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Preparing to Connect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Make Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Log In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Login Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Quick Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Navigating the GUI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Summary Status Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Navigation Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Radio Information Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Administration Settings Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35NTP and Time Zone Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38SNMP v1/v2c/v3 Support Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38SNMP Traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39File Transfer Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41File Activation Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44System Configuration Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Allocation Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Ethernet Interface Configuration Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50T1/E1 Configuration Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52T1 Interface Configuration Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52E1, DS3, and OC3 Configuration Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53E1 Interface Configuration Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53DS3 and OC3 Interface Configuration Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56MHS Configuration Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58VLAN Configuration Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Ethernet Rate Limiting Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Ethernet Learning Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Syslog Configuration Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Ethernet Aggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Cross Connect (X Connect) Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Alarms Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66MHS Status Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Performance Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70ATPC Statistics Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Event Log Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74User Throughput Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Diagnostic Charts Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Ethernet Utilization Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79PA Control Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Spectrum Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 v2011-08-30Reboot Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Manual Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Common System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86EX-6i System Specifications (all models) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87EX-11i System Specifications (all models) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Interface Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91T1/E1 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Ethernet Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Alarm Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Console Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94DC Power Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96General Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Typical Indications of Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Improper RF Cable Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Multipath Propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98RF Interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Path Obstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Misaligned Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Faulty Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Improper Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Insufficient Link Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Moisture in the Transmission System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Back-to-back Bench Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Basic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Specification Performance Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102General Compliance and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Safety Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Regulatory Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106United States Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Federal Communications Commission (FCC), United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Canada Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Industry Canada (IC), Canada (for 5GHz models) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Antennas Supported in Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Regulatory Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108EIRP Limits for the United States and Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1095725–5850 MHz Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Licensing 6 and 11GHz Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Antennas 5GHz Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Exalt Limited Hardware Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Copyright Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radiosvi 202675-0052011-08-30List of FiguresFigure 1 EX-6i-DS3-GigE Digital Microwave Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Figure 2 Indoor mount interconnection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Figure 3 Enclosure mount interconnection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Figure 4 Radio installation tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Figure 5 Front flush mount configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Figure 6 Front projection mount configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Figure 7 Rear flush mount configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Figure 8 Rear projection mount configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Figure 9 Primary front panel connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Figure 10 DS3 connectors and grounding switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Figure 11 Rear panel without diplexers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Figure 12 Diplexer labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Figure 13 Diplexer orientation for a typical 'link' of radios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Figure 14 Typical Space Diversity diplexer configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Figure 15 DC connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Figure 16 CLI root menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Figure 17 Initiating the browser connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Figure 18 Browser Login screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Figure 19 Radio Information page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Figure 20 Exalt GUI window description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Figure 21 Summary status information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Figure 22 Radio Information page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Figure 23 Administration Settings page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Figure 24 NTP and Time Zone Configurations page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Figure 25 SNMP Configuration page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Figure 26 Trap Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Figure 27 File Transfer page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Figure 28 File Transfer page—download file link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Figure 29 File Activation page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Figure 30 System Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Figure 31 Allocation page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Figure 32 Ethernet Interface Configuration page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Figure 33 T1 Interface Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Figure 34 E1 Interface Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Figure 35 DS3 Interface Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Figure 36 OC3 Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Figure 37 External (remote) loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Figure 38 External (local) loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Figure 39 MHS Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Figure 40 VLAN Configuration page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Figure 41 Ethernet Rate Limiting page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Figure 42 Ethernet Learning page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Figure 43 Syslog Configuration page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Figure 44 Ethernet Aggregation page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Figure 45 Cross Connect (X Connect) page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Figure 46 Alarms page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 vii2011-08-30Figure 47 MHS Status page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Figure 48 Performance page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Figure 49 Performance page with ACM statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Figure 50 ATPC Statistics page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Figure 51 Event Log page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Figure 52 User Throughput page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Figure 53 User Throughput Help page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Figure 54 Diagnostic Charts page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Figure 55 Ethernet Utilization page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Figure 56 PA Control page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Figure 57 Spectrum Analyzer page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Figure 58 Spectrum analyzer graph example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Figure 59 Reboot page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Figure 60 Manual page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Figure 61 T1/E1 connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Figure 62 Ethernet connectors (ETH1 and ETH2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Figure 63 Alarm Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Figure 64 Console Connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Figure 65 DC Power connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Figure 66 Basic back-to-back bench test configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101List of TablesTable 1 Factory default settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Table 2 Front Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Table 3 LED indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Table 4 Default login information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Table 5 Alarm status indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Table 6 Additional alarm status indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Table 7 Supported 5GHz antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radiosviii 202675-0052011-08-30About this DocumentThis manual provides a complete description of the EX-i Series FDD family of Exalt Digital Microwave Radios and related software. This manual provides planners, engineers, installers, system administrators, and technicians general and specific information related to the planning, installation, operation, management, and maintenance of these devices.Revision HistoryIconsThe following icons denote specific types of information:Date Products and Release code2008-12-23 EX-6i-DS3-GigE initial release (firmware version 1.0.0)2009-05-04 EX-6i-DS3-GigE release 1.1.02009-12-15 EX-11i-DS3-GigE, and preliminary 4xDS3 and OC3 releases (firmware version 1.2)2011-07-22 EX-11i-DS3-GigE includes Adaptive Coded Modulation (ACM), TDM, channel allocation, cross-connect, MHS, spectrum analyzer, capacity aggregation, and other related features for firmware version 2.0.0.EX-6i-DS3-GigE includes syslog, network time protocol (NTP), and secure shell for firmware version 1.3.4.2011-08-29 Added models EX-5i-DS3-GigE and EX-5/6i-DS3-GigENote: This symbol means take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to materials not contained in the manual.Warning! This symbol means there is a risk of electric shock or bodily injury. Before working on any equipment, be aware of the hazards involved with electrical circuitry and be familiar with standard practices for preventing accidents.Caution! This symbol means be careful. There is a risk of doing something that might result in equipment damage or loss of data. This is a general warning, caution, or risk of danger.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 12011-08-30IntroductionExalt Communications, Inc. thanks you for your purchase. Our goal is to build the highest quality, highest reliability digital microwave radio products. This commitment to quality and reliability extends to our employees and partners alike. We appreciate any comments on how we can improve our products, as well as your sales and Customer Care experience.Related Documentation and SoftwareThis manual makes reference to other documentation and software files that may be necessary. Any document or software mentioned in this manual can be found at:http://login.exaltcom.comCreate an account to gain access to documents and software.The EX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave RadiosThe Exalt EX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios are the most advanced carrier-class point-to-point terrestrial radio communications devices operating in the 5925 to 6425 MHz and 6525 to 6875 MHz frequency bands. Figure 1 shows the EX-6i-DS3-GigE Digital Microwave Radio.Figure 1 EX-6i-DS3-GigE Digital Microwave RadioThe EX-i Series FDD radios connect voice and/or digital data from one location to another, obviating the need for copper or fiber connectivity, or enhancing existing connectivity by providing a redundancy solution, a primary solution, and/or additional capacity.Customer Care Hotline (USA): (408) 871-9890 Toll-Free Customer Care Hotline (USA): (877) EXALT-01 (392-5801) Direct-Dial Telephone (USA): (408) 871-1804 Website: www.exaltcom.comSales e-mail: sales@exaltcom.comCustomer Care e-mail: support@exaltcom.comMailing Address: Exalt Communications, Inc.580 Division St.Campbell, CA 95008USA

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios2202675-0052011-08-30The following models of radios are covered in this manual:•EX-6i-DS3-GigE configured with 20Mbps full-duplex Ethernet and these available options:– license key upgrades for 54Mbps and 166Mbps full-duplex– license key upgrades for 4xT1, 8xT1, 12xT1, 16xT1 and/or 1xDS3– license key upgrades for 128- or 256-bit AES encryption•EX-6i-4DS3-GigE configured with 165Mbps, 1xDS3, and these available options:– license key upgrade for 187Mbps full-duplex– license key upgrades for 4xT1/E1, 2xDS3, 3xDS3 and/or 4xDS3– license key upgrades for 128- or 256-bit AES encryption•EX-6i-OC3-GigE configured with 165Mbps, 1xOC3, and these available options:– license key upgrade for 187Mbps full-duplex– license key upgrade for 4xT1/E1– license key upgrades for 128- or 256-bit AES encryption•EX-11i-DS3-GigE configured with 45Mbps full-duplex Ethernet and these available options:– license key upgrades for 165 and 255Mbps full-duplex– license key upgrades for 4xT1/E1, 8xT1/E1, 12xT1/E1, 16xT1/E1 and/or 1xDS3– license key upgrades for 128- or 256-bit AES encryption•EX-11i-4DS3-GigE configured with 165Mbps full-duplex Ethernet and 1xDS3 and these available options:– license key upgrades for 255Mbps full-duplex– with license key upgrades for 4xT1/E1, 2xDS3, 3xDS3 and/or 4xDS3– with license key upgrades for 128- or 256-bit AES encryption•EX-11i-OC3-GigE configured with 165Mbps full-duplex Ethernet and 1xOC3 and these available options:– license key upgrades for 255Mbps full-duplex– license key upgrades for 4xT1/E1– license key upgrades for 128- or 256-bit AES encryptionThe EX-i Series FDD models require a clear line-of-sight and proper path clearance to achieve a high-performance, reliable connection. Perform professional path engineering and site planning before installing this equipment. The primary focus of this document is the installation and maintenance of the digital microwave radio, and assumes that path engineering and site planning were already performed.The EX-6i models utilize radio frequencies in the range of 5925 to 6425 and 6525 to 6875MHz. The EX-11i models utilize radio frequencies in the range of 10700 to 11700 MHz. In most countries these frequency bands are considered as licensed. This means that some form of frequency coordination and/or licensing/registration is necessary for the legal use of the product. There may be limitations on classifications/types/sizes of antennas, effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP), specific frequency

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 32011-08-30pairs, antenna polarization, and other aspects of the link.Also, it is required that any regulations that may apply to peripheral equipment, installation, and cabling of the system that may be regulated for human safety, electrical code, air-traffic control, and other safety-related categories be examined and complied with.In almost all cases, the product itself must be authorized for use in your country. Either Exalt or Exalt’s agent must have applied for certification or authorization to allow the sale and deployment of the system within the country. It is also possible that only certain versions or configurations of the device are allowed within a particular country. Please contact Exalt or your authorized Exalt representative for information pertaining to your country. In most cases, there are regulations, or device-based conditions that limit the use of the device, such as minimum or maximum gain antenna, antenna polarization, and maximum output power, as well as, in some cases, application limits, limited geography of use, and other unique regulations. The link design engineer and/or professional installer must determine these limitations and engineer/install the system within the confines of all local regulations. Also, it is required to examine any regulations that may apply to peripheral equipment, installation and cabling of the system that may be regulated for human safety, electrical code, air-traffic control, and other safety-related categories. In some cases, a need for link registration, coordination, and fees that may apply to the system usage. Please consult your local regulatory organization(s) to determine usage requirements.Basic FeaturesThe EX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios are single integrated units intended for all-indoor or enclosure-based mounting. The associated antenna is typically mounted on a tower or rooftop mast structure with RF cabling running from the antenna location, with an egress through the structure or enclosure, with proper lightning suppression and grounding, to the RF connector of the radio. In turn, the communications interfaces and power connections are directly applied to the radio, or in some cases, also with an egress through the structure or radio enclosure with proper lightning or surge-suppression devices and associated grounding.Figure 2 Indoor mount interconnectionNote: The link design engineer and/or professional installer must determine the legal requirements and limitations and engineer/install the system within the confines of all local regulations.Note: It is the professional installer’s responsibility to ensure that the radio system is implemented in a legal fashion. Exalt is not liable for any unsafe or illegal installations.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios4202675-0052011-08-30Figure 3 Enclosure mount interconnectionFor highest performance and reliability, it is advised to minimize the length of RF transmission line and other associated transmission system losses between the antenna and the radio's antenna port.Depending on model, combinations of the following data communication interfaces are provided:•10/100/1000Base Ethernet (Copper or Fiber)•T1/E1/DS3/OC3 interfaces for synchronous voice traffic (number of TDM interfaces is determined by specific model and license-key configuration)The i-Series radios feature a wide-mouth direct DC connection (24V or 48V).All models provide the following primary features and benefits:•Low-latency optimization and control for voice and data connections•Very high throughput and flexible interface configurations with voice+data combinations•Encryption for extreme wireless security•Easy-to-use management and configuration•Software-controlled channel bandwidth•Software-controlled center frequency tuning for easier frequency coordination

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios6202675-0052011-08-30through Telnet/CLI) to match the installed diplexer configuration. Additional information on this configuration can be found in Rear Panel Diplexer Orientation and System Configuration Page.Exalt recommends using the Exalt GUI for radio configuration. This interface requires a computer with an Ethernet port and web browser software, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 or above. See Configuration and Management for details on how to connect to and use the browser-based GUI interface.Shipping Box ContentsThe radios are shipped as single terminals. Two terminals make up a hop, or link pair. An outer box has labeling that indicates the contents of the box, with the part number and serial number details for the radio terminals. The terminal box contains the following items:•Radio terminal•Accessory kit– Rack mount brackets– Bracket mounting hardware (8 x M4 screws; 8 x M4 wave washers)– DC power connectors (2)– Grounding hardware (1 x M5 screw; 1 x M5 wave washer; 2 x M5 flat washers)•Registration card•Quick-start guideEach terminal requires a diplexer filter kit (sold separately) to operate. The diplexer filter kit contains the following items:•Semi-rigid SMA cables for connecting the diplexer filter to the radio terminal•Mounting hardware•One 18" flexible SMA-to-N (F) cable for connection to a waveguide adapter (if applicable)Exalt also sells the following item(s) separately:•N-to-CPR-137 waveguide flange adapters to connect to the primary waveguide (6GHz)•N-to-CPR-90 waveguide flange adapters to connect to the primary waveguide (11GHz)•Additional diplexers for redundant and other applications.Inspect the outer packaging and the contents of the boxes upon receipt. If you suspect any shipping damage or issues with the contents, contact Exalt Customer Care (see Introduction).Initial Configuration and Back-to-Back Bench Test Every Exalt digital microwave radio goes through extensive quality testing and performance evaluation over the full operating temperature range prior to shipment. However, before installation, it is strongly advised to perform several tests and tasks that are much more difficult to perform once the Note: Register your system as soon as possible. A 2-year Warranty period applies to products registered within 90 days of purchase. The Warranty period is reduced to 1-year for unregistered products and products registered after the first 90 days. See Exalt Limited Hardware Warranty.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 72011-08-30radio link endpoints are distant from one another. A back-to-back bench test and pre-configuration will provide confidence that the radio link is operational and properly configured prior to installation, so that if troubleshooting is necessary, the radio hardware and configuration settings are eliminated from the troubleshooting process. Verify the following in the back-to-back testing:•Confirm that the radio system is generally operational– Radios power-up with planned power and wiring solutions– RF link connects in both directions– Traffic passes across the link•Configure connected equipment and cabling– Test Ethernet (CAT5) cabling, and/or TDM cabling, any auxiliary connector cabling and configure all interfaces– Configure IP settings for configuration and management– Configure passwords and security modes– Become familiar with the configuration and management interfaces through the Exalt GUI interface– Configure radio parameters, including installing any optional software license keys and configuring features controlled by license keys– Set transmitter output power to engineered or allowed level (see RF Output Power Setting)– Set operating center frequency– Set occupied channel bandwidth and Mode (modulation) setting•Make detailed radio performance measurements– Measure transmitter output power– Measure receiver threshold performance– Confirm unfaded error-free performanceSome of these tasks may not be possible or practical within a bench test environment due to the nature of the remote connectivity of peripheral equipment. However, it is good practice to perform as much as possible in this environment to minimize field/installation time and troubleshooting efforts.Detailed performance measurements are usually not required for pre-installation, but can be easily performed at this stage and may be helpful for later troubleshooting efforts or for internal records. During troubleshooting, there may often be a point at which a back-to-back bench test should be performed to verify many or all of the above items, and in the case of a suspected faulty device, to help confirm the fault and determine which end of the system is at fault and in need of repair or replacement.RF Output Power SettingThe maximum RF output power is bounded by one of the following criteria:•Maximum RF output power setting capability of the radio deviceNote: See Back-to-back Bench Testing for detailed instructions.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios8202675-0052011-08-30•Maximum RF output power allowed/authorized by the local government regulations and for this specific device•Maximum effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the transmission system allowed/authorized by the local government regulations and for this specific device•Desired RSL to not exceed the maximum RSL allowed by the device•Desired RSL to minimize/eliminate interference into neighboring systemsCapacity ConfigurationThe EX-i Series FDD radios are very dynamic, allowing the installer to optimize and control the performance of the radio system for the intended application. The following parameters must be carefully determined during the link engineering phase:•Bandwidth•Mode (modulation)The setting of the above parameters determines the following performance factors:•Number of supported T1/E1/DS3/OC3 channels•Ethernet throughputUse a professional path-planning tool to determine optimum settings for the above parameters to meet the needs of your application.The following generalizations can be made with regards to these factors:•The higher the bandwidth, the higher the capacity•The higher the mode, the higher the capacityRadio ConfigurationUse the Exalt GUI to configure the radio terminals for diplexer filter configuration. Since many other parameters also need to be set, and the Exalt GUI is needed for these configurations, this is the best way to completely configure the radio terminals.Radios arrive from manufacture in default configuration configured as shown in Table 1.Note: In many cases the radio must be pre-configured for a value not greater than the legal maximum output power before connecting to the antenna and transmission system. Instructions for adjusting the output power can also be found in Power.Note: Disable all TDM ports if there are no TDM interfaces connected. This shifts all available throughput to the Ethernet interface.Note: If a selected combination of the Bandwidth and Mode (modulation) parameters cannot support all the desired TDM ports, the ports that cannot be supported are automatically disabled. Priority is placed on the lowest port number. That is, the first port to be disabled, if necessary, is the highest port. See Cross Connect (X Connect) Page for more information.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 92011-08-30Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)VLAN segments information in a single connection and creates multiple separate connections to secure information of one type or for one set of users from other information types or for other sets of users. Exalt’s VLAN communications implementation adheres to the IEEE standard 802.1q.In most cases, an Exalt radio acting as a Layer 2 bridge between two locations is only required to pass traffic with VLAN tagging. Without additional configuration, all Exalt radios support frame sizes in excess of 1900 bytes, which currently supports all defined VLAN packet sizes.Some situations require Exalt radios to act upon VLAN traffic and perform any or all of the following functions:•Connect specific traffic, using VLAN tagging, to a specific port on the radio, such as management traffic to the ETH2 port.•Allow only traffic with specifically assigned VLANs to pass across the link, blocking all other VLANs or any non-VLAN traffic.•Allow management access only through a VLAN connection, leaving the main traffic transparent.•Allow management access without a VLAN connection, but flowing only specific VLAN traffic across the link.Table 1 Factory default settingsParameter EX-i Series FDDFrequency Lowest frequency pair supported by software-configured diplexerTransmit Power Lowest setting for the defined terminalBandwidth Lowest setting for the defined terminalMode (modulation) Lowest setting for the defined terminalLink Security Key 000000000000Administration Password passwordUser Password passwordIP Address 10.0.0.1 IP Mask 255.0.0.0IP Gateway 0.0.0.0Ethernet Interfaces Enabled, Auto-negotiate 10/100/1000NMS Access All Ethernet interfacesT1/E1/DS3/OC3 Settings All DisabledNote: In many cases, the system design will not be identical to the factory default configuration, and in some cases, these differences prohibit the installation of the radio. If at all possible, obtain a computer and configure the radio terminals using the browser-based GUI. See Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI).Note: If an application only requires the transparent passing of VLAN traffic, disable the VLAN function.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios10 202675-0052011-08-30Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)The Exalt radios primarily use a browser-based graphical user interface (GUI) for radio configuration and management, as described in Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI). In addition, a command line interface (CLI) is provided for serial and/or Telnet access, as described in Command Line Interface (CLI). SNMP is often used for management of larger networks as described here. Use SNMP to manage networked devices and execute the following functions:•GET: Obtain information from the device, such as a configuration setting or parameter.•SET: Change a configuration setting on the device.•TRAP: The device proactively informs the management station of a change of state, usually used for critical alarms or warnings.One feature of the SNMP implementation is that system configuration changes do not take effect using the SET command. Instead, groups of configuration settings can be preconfigured for global change, and a single 'Save' (Commit) command implements all changes.When some parameters are changed, a link may drop and/or management control lost. MIB files allow many parameters to be set at once, allowing only a temporarily dropped link or management control issue. The opposite end radio can be quickly reconfigured, with little downtime for the link and management control. The save (Commit) command is similar to the Update button. Dropped links or management control issues do not occur with every parameter change. Many configuration changes do not impact traffic or management access.Exalt radios utilize SNMPv3, a high security version of SNMP, to ensure secure access to and storing of management data. The SNMPv3 security string matches the admin and user passwords. Passwords must be eight characters or longer. Exalt radios also allow for “legacy” SNMP support for SNMPv1 and SNMPv2. Configuration of all passwords and community strings is performed from a separate Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Configuration page.Note: For more information see, VLAN Configuration Page.Note: MIB files can be downloaded directly from the radio using the File Transfer Page.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 112011-08-30System Installation and Initiation ProcessThe tasks required for radio installation and initiation are outlined in the following figure.Figure 4 Radio installation tasksPath & Site AnalysisLink DesignBuild Antenna Structures & EgressMount Antennas & Transmission LineInstall & Test Network & Power WiringRead This Manual CompletelyPre-configure RadiosPerform Back-to-Back TestMount RadiosConnect Transmission LineConnect PowerAlign Antennas to Planned RSLVerify LEDs for Good LinkTest Network ConnectivityConnect & Test Primary ServicesTest Network Management SystemBoth Transmission System & Radio Preparation Tasks Must Be CompleteTransmission System Tasks Radio Preparation Tasks

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios12 202675-0052011-08-30Record KeepingAfter installation, record the following items for ongoing maintenance and future troubleshooting. Keep a record for each end of the radio link and store a copy of these records at the radio location, at the opposite end radio location, and a central record storage location.•GPS coordinates for antenna locations at each site•Antenna heights above ground level (AGL), as mounted•Antenna model numbers, serial numbers, and specifications•Antenna polarization as mounted•Length/type of primary transmission lines at each site•Model number and serial number of RF lightning arrestors (for systems using coaxial transmission line only)•Length/type of secondary transmission line(s)•Transmitter output power setting as installed at each site•RSL as measured after antenna alignment at each site•Designed RSL per original design at each site•RSL reading with far-end power off (from each end)•Spectrum Analyzer plot with far end off at each site•Radio’s network management IP address at each site•Radio’s network management gateway address at each site•Radio’s operating frequency, bandwidth setting, and mode of operation•Optionally purchased extended warranty and/or emergency service contract detailsIn addition, certain information may be desired for central record-keeping only:•Link security codes and log in passwords (stored in a secure place)•Photographs of complete installation•End-user sign-off/acceptance documentation (if any)•Photo of product identification label (part number, serial number, MAC address information)•Electronic copy of radio’s configuration file•Electronic copy of radio’s installed software

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 132011-08-30InstallationThis section presents all tasks required to install the Exalt Digital Microwave Radio.Mechanical Configuration and MountingTheEX-i Series FDD radios are one-piece designs intended for deployment in a telecom equipment rack indoors or in an appropriate environmental enclosure. The device must be deployed within an ambient temperature range as specified, and properly ventilated with no obstructions to the air intake and exhaust. The terminal occupies 2 rack units (2RUs = 3.5"/9cm) height in a typical telecom rack.In most cases, additional racked equipment can be placed directly above and/or below the device with no empty spaces in the rack. However, depending on power consumption and ventilation for adjoining devices, they may pass heat to the device, not allowing the radio to cool properly and increasing the risk of malfunction. Heat dissipation from the radio may also affect adjoining devices. Provide air space above and below the device, where possible. If not possible, a thermal analysis may be required by a professional engineer to determine the impact of thermal transfer between all adjoining units.Provide proper clearance for all cables and connectors attached to the device. All RF connectors, cables, and adapters must be rated for operation within the radio’s frequency range. RF connector losses must be accounted for within the link engineering design and output power settings.Rack MountingRack mounting hardware for a standard 19" (48cm) rack is included in the accessory kit. Attach the rack mounting brackets to the sides of the unit with the provided screws. The radio can be mounted in one of four configurations:•Front flush mount (front panel even with the rack mounting surface)Figure 5 Front flush mount configuration•Front projection mount (front panel extended forward from the rack mounting surface)Figure 6 Front projection mount configuration

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios14 202675-0052011-08-30•Rear flush mount (rear panel even with the rack mounting surface)•Rear projection mount (rear panel extended forward from the rack mounting surface)Figure 7 Rear flush mount configurationFigure 8 Rear projection mount configurationTable or Rack Shelf Mounting the SystemAffix rubber feet or adhesive-backed non-slip pads (not included) near the corners of the unit along the bottom panel when mounting on a table or a rack shelf. These pads help keep the radio stable on a wooden or metal surface. Radio Ports and Indicators This section provides a brief overview of the connectors, controls, and indicators on the device. Details about each item are in other sections of this document. The EX-6i-DS3-GigE front panel is shown in Figure 7.Connector OverviewThe primary user interfaces are shown in Figure 9. Table 2 provides details of the front panel connectors. Detailed pin structures for each connector are in Interface Connections.Note: Screws for attaching the radio to the telecom rack are not provided; use the appropriate screw type that matches the equipment rack.In many areas, it is necessary to strap the equipment to a table or rack shelf if mounting in this manner. In case of earthquake or other shock or vibration, or an accidental pull of a cable, the unit should be secured from falling. It may also be necessary to secure the AC adapter, if it is used.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 152011-08-30Figure 9 Primary front panel connectorsTable 2 Front Panel ConnectorsLabel Type Gender Function T1/E1 (1–16) RJ-48C F Primary ports for User T1 or E1 circuits to traverse link. DS3 (IN/OUT) BNC F Primary ports for User DS3 circuit to traverse link. OC3 (IN/OUT) SFP F Primary port for User OC3 circuit to traverse linkETHERNET(ETH1 and ETH2) RJ-45 F Primary ports for user Ethernet and/or management data (10BaseT, 100BaseT, or 1000BaseT) to traverse link. SFP (Ethernet or ETH3) SFP F Accepts either a fiber or copper GBIC inserted for Ethernet and/or management data (1000BaseF or 1000BaseT).EXP RJ-45 F Expansion port, used for Space Diversity, MHS, XPIC, and Capacity Aggregation configurations. Available on select models.ALARMS 9-pin sub-D F External alarm inputs and outputs. PROT RJ-45 F Protection port for MHS configurations.CONSOLE 9-pin sub-D F Management port (serial) for PC/PDA for Command Line Interface (CLI) communications. GND (Ground) Bantam F Common (return) volt meter test point for measuring RSL. RSL Bantam F Voltmeter test point for measuring received signal level. 24–48VDC (2) 3-pin modular M DC power inputs from DC source or AC adapter. (Ground) Threaded (M5) receptacle F Chassis ground connection (M5 x 0.8 threads).

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios16 202675-0052011-08-30Figure 10 DS3 connectors and grounding switchesFor some models, DS3 IN and DS3 OUT connections (Figure 10) can be independently grounded or ungrounded to the chassis using a small DIP switch between the connectors. Ground loops to connected equipment must be avoided. Set the DIP switches accordingly.LED IndicatorsTable 3 provides details of the LED indicators on theEX-i Series FDD radios. See Alarms Page for information on how the Exalt GUI displays LED status.Table 3 LED indicatorsLocation/Label Type Function LINK 3-color LED Indicates RF link status: • Green Solid = Error-free connection (BER<10e-6) • Yellow Solid = Errored connection (10e-3>BER >10e-6) • Red Solid = No link (BER>10e-3) • Red Flash= No remote information available (when RMT is pressed and held) • Off = Improperly powered or fatal system failure STATUS 3-color LED Indicates system status: • Green Solid = No alarm conditions (normal operation) • Yellow Solid = Alarm conditions, not traffic effecting • Yellow Slow Flash = In loopback (from this end) • Yellow Fast Flash = In loopback (at this end) • Red Solid = Alarm conditions; traffic effecting • Red Flash = No remote information available (when RMT is pressed and held) • Off = Improperly powered or fatal system failure DS3 3-color LED Indicates DS3 connection status: • Green Solid = No alarm conditions (normal operation) • Yellow Solid = DS3 signal present, but DS3 is not enabled • Red Solid = DS3 enabled, but not present • Off = DS3 not in use PROT Left Corner Green LED Indicates primary/secondary state for MHS protection:• Solid = Configured as primary• Off = Configured as secondary or MHS disabled

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 172011-08-30RMT (Remote) ButtonThe RMT button is the only external control on the radios. This button allows easy and quick evaluation of the status of the remote-end radio. When the RMT LED is amber flashes, this is an alert that the remote end has an alarm condition. Press the RMT button to determine the alarm conditions.When the RMT button is pressed and held and local LEDs flash, this indicates that no remote-end information is available. This indicates that the remote radio is either not powered, is booting, or is not PROT Right Corner Green LEDIndicates MHS protection communication status:• Solid = Communications OK• Off = Communications error or MHS disabledETHERNET ETH1/2 Left Corner Green LED • Solid = Negotiated @ 1000Mbps• Fast Flash = Negotiated @ 100Mbps• Slow Flash = Negotiated @ 10Mbps• Off = No connection negotiated ETHERNET ETH1/2 Right Corner Green LED • Solid/Flashing = Data present • Off = No data present SFP Left Side Green LEDSFP link status:• Solid = Link engaged• Off = Link not engagedSFP Right Side Green LEDSFP traffic:• Solid/Flashing = Data present• Off = No data presentT1/E1 Left Corner Green LED • Solid = Connection present (clocking confirmed) • Fast Flash = Connection present; coding/clock problem • Slow Flash = Connection present, but unexpected • Off = No connection/clock T1/E1 Right Corner Green LED • Solid = In a loopback state • Fast Flash = Automatic indication signal (AIS) is active • Off = No loopback; no AIS activity RMT (LED inside button) Amber LED • Off = Remote end LINK and STATUS LEDs are both green • Solid = No remote end status available • Flash = Alarm conditions at the remote end (LINK and/or STATUS LEDs are non-green) (Unmarked LED on rear panel) 2-color LED Indicates overall status (from the rear panel): • Green = LINK and STATUS LEDs are both green • Red Flash = LINK and/or STATUS are in a yellow state; no red states exist • Red Solid = LINK and/or STATUS are in a red state • Off = Improperly powered or fatal system failure Table 3 LED indicators (Continued)Location/Label Type Function

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios18 202675-0052011-08-30linked in the direction towards the local radio, or the local radio is receiving excessive errors in this direction. It could also indicate a serious failure of either radio. Local-end LEDs (when this button is not pressed) in combination with remote-end information (from a technician located at the far end, and/or when the button is pressed) can substantially aid in rapid troubleshooting analysis.Rear Panel Diplexer OrientationThe rear panel of the radio chassis arrives in a ‘blank’ condition, requiring the mounting and connecting of at least one diplexer filter. Figure 11 shows the rear panel without diplexers.Figure 11 Rear panel without diplexersOne rear panel label indicates which diplexer type(s) are compatible with the chassis. Only mount and connect diplexers with matching type numbers.For typical radio configurations, one diplexer is mounted and connected on the rear panel. The diplexer selection and orientation is based on the precise center frequency and transmitter-to-receiver frequency spacing that is required for the link. This is typically determined during the licensing stage and subsequently during the purchasing process of the radio so that the diplexers match the frequencies and spacing required.Each diplexer can cover a range of center frequencies for transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx), and the ports on the diplexers are labeled to indicate that range, as shown in Figure 12. The diplexer can be oriented in one of two ways, and the right-side-up horizontal text on the diplexer indicates the configuration, as oriented. The designations on the diplexer are labeled TX-H (Transmitter High) or TX-L (Transmitter Low) to indicate if the transmitter frequency range is higher or lower than the receive frequency range. Likewise, the receive frequency ranges are labeled as RX-H and RX-L.Figure 12 Diplexer labelingTYPE MUST MATCHTX AND RX FREQUENCY RANGES DISPLAY HERE

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 192011-08-30In most configurations, the diplexers used for two ends of a link are the same diplexer, but mounted in opposite physical orientation (rotated 180 degrees relative to one another), as shown in Figure 13. Figure 13 Diplexer orientation for a typical 'link' of radiosNote in Figure 13, that this is the same diplexer for both radios, but they are mounted upside down relative to one another. It is a logical arrangement because one radio is configured to transmit across the same range of frequency that the opposite radio is configured to receive and vice-versa. Non-Standard Frequency PairsFrom time to time, a licensing authority may assign a radio to be used on frequency pairs not accommodated by Exalt standard diplexers. In these cases, there can be two separate filters and a Notes:1The radio must have the software configured to match the ID number (orientation) of the diplexer, as shown in the right-side-up text at the top center of the diplexer. See System Configuration Page for details. On the GUI page, there is a Diplexer ID selection. This must match what is printed right-side-up on the installed diplexer. Once properly configured, the radio can tune to center frequencies and bandwidths accommodated by this diplexer, as mounted.2Two semi-rigid coaxial cables are provided with each diplexer. These must be connected to the TX and RX1 rear-panel ports of the radio, as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13. 3The frequency range shown on the diplexer label indicate the EDGE frequency range of the diplexer, not the center tuning range. The center tuning range is determined by the Occupied Bandwidth setting of the radio, and is 1/2 of the Bandwidth value (in MHz) in from the edges of the diplexer.NOTE TX AND RX FREQUENCIES MATCH AT EITHER END

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios20 202675-0052011-08-30circulator to accomplish the filtering and connections normally provided by the diplexer. There also may be special mounting plates to accommodate these devices, but the concept for this arrangement is similar to the above — the Tx frequency range on one side must match the Rx frequency range on the opposite side and vice-versa. The filters must be connected to the TX and RX1 ports on the rear panel.Antenna ConnectionThe connection leading to the antenna is the ANT port on the diplexer, which is typically an SMA female connection near the center of the diplexer. The diplexer kit includes a proper high-quality flexible RF cable to accommodate connection to an N-type female connector, either from the primary RF cable (if coaxial) or the coaxial jumper that feeds to that waveguide or to a waveguide adapter (sold separately). Most transmission system implementations use a waveguide. The waveguide should be mounted so that the connection is near the ANT connector port. The end of the waveguide run will use the waveguide-to-coaxial adapter, accommodating the high-quality flexible jumper cable (included). All losses associated with the jumper(s), adapter(s), and waveguide should be planned in the link budget used for engineering the link.Space DiversityAnother diplexer configuration of the radio is for space diversity applications. This is where two antennas are used, mounted at different heights, to improve performance relative to multipath fading, which occurs on longer paths, paths over flat terrain, and/or paths over water or in dynamic weather environments. Space diversity requires two identical diplexers mounted on each radio, and a software license key that allows enabling the space diversity function in the radio.A typical space diversity diplexer configuration for a single terminal is shown in Figure 14. Note that both diplexers are the same type and orientation. One is connected only to the RX2 port for the diversity receive path.Figure 14 Typical Space Diversity diplexer configurationThe opposite end of this space diversity link uses the same two diplexers, but rotated — in Figure 14, ID 102 is the orientation for both diplexers.Connect the secondary receive antenna to the ANT port of the secondary diplexer in a similar manner to the primary transmission line connection.For non-standard pairs, use the ‘Other’ selection for diplexer type. The tuned Tx and Rx frequencies must be manually entered in to the frequency selection section in the GUI. The edge frequency range of the filters are labeled on the filters. The center frequency must be tuned to accommodate the bandwidth setting within the edge frequency range in accordance to the licensing requirements.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 212011-08-30PowerThe radio requires a DC power source within specifications. DC can be provided from a DC battery source, central lab/rack supply to the power injector (sold separately), or from the optional AC power injector. Terminating the RF ConnectorThere are a few simple means to accommodate proper termination:•Connect a 50-Ohm coaxial termination device to the RF port of the radio. The termination must be rated to 1W (or more). Example(s) include:– Broadwave Technologies P/N 552-200-002, or similar•Connect the complete transmission system. That is, the RF cabling including the antenna. The cabled antenna provides a proper termination for the RF output.•Connect a fixed (or a series of fixed) 50-Ohm attenuator(s) to the RF connector, either directly or at the end of an RF transmission line. The attenuator must be at least 30dB as specified at the operating frequency and rated for a minimum of 2W input power. Examples include:– Broadwave Technologies P/N 352-103-xxx– Bird 2-A-MFN-xx– JFW Industries 50FP-xxx-H6-NDC PowerThe DC voltage input accepts either 24 volts or 48 volts, nominal. Ensure that the power source is specified for the proper amount of current delivery capacity. The DC power may be connected as a positive or negative voltage supply, and be referenced to ground or ‘floating’ (differential voltage). There are different system grounding considerations depending on the nature of the DC supply grounding, and consult a qualified electrician or telecoms professional on the proper wiring and grounding process. Only one power source is required, but two power connectors are provided for input power redundancy.To connect a DC source, with the power disabled on the DC supply, connect proper gauge wiring to the DC supply. For most (short) power cable runs, 18AWG or 24AWG wire can be typically used. Strip the ends just long enough for enclosure to the DC radio connector (approximately 0.25 inches/6mm). If using stranded wire, the stripped ends inserted into the DC terminal connector must be solder-tipped. If using solid wire, a solder tip is not necessary. Ensure that the power wiring is long enough to neatly traverse, when properly dressed, between the source supply and the radio mounting location. If DC wires are to be exposed to outdoor environments, use wire in the proper weatherproof wiring jacket. Note: No AC adapter is provided with these radios. Exalt recommends using a DC power plant.Read this section completely before applying power.Caution! Before applying power, the device’s RF connector must be properly terminated into a 50-Ohm load. If this is not performed, the radio may be damaged by simply applying power. Also, there are human safety factors to consider regarding potentially harmful RF radiation.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios22 202675-0052011-08-30For longer runs of DC wiring, use a higher gauge wire and/or higher current source supply to overcome the additional resistance of the DC wiring. However, the DC connector for the radio may not be able to accept a high diameter wire, transition to thinner gauge near the end of the wiring run or use the maximum diameter wire for the entire wiring run, as long as it meets the powering requirements considering total resistance of the wiring and the power source current load capacity.Insert the wiring ends into the DC mating connector (supplied) and tighten the terminal screws to secure the wire into the connector. Do not connect the mating connector to the radio system and disable the power system. Pay close attention to the polarization of the DC signals coming from the DC supply and the ground conductor (if any), and ensure that they are connected to the proper pins of the DC mating connector. The connector mate on the radio is clearly marked on the front panel for proper polarization and for ground connection.Wire across the plus (+) and minus (–) terminals from the DC supply. In addition, place a separate jumper between the proper terminal and the ground terminal to reference one side of the power supply line to the radio chassis ground. In some cases, the DC system may need to be floating and this ground jumper is not necessary; however, many configurations require one side to be grounded for proper electrical safety. Figure 15 DC connectorsOnce the wires are connected to the mating connector, do not connect to the radio. First test the DC connection to the connector from the DC supply. Engage power on the DC supply, and use a volt meter to verify proper voltage level and polarity.Verify that the RF connector is properly terminated, as described in Terminating the RF Connector. Disengage power once again on the DC source, and connect the mating connector to the radio device. Engage power on the DC source. Verify radio is active by observing LED activity. All LEDs flash during the initial power cycle to verify that they are operational. Secure the DC connector using the integral captive screws at each end. This prevents accidental disconnection.Reset to Critical Factory SettingsIf necessary, the radio terminal may be reset to critical factory settings. This may be necessary if the IP address and/or passwords for the system are not known. All other configurations are left at their current settings. If a complete default factory configuration is desired, load the Default Configuration File into the system, as described in File Activation Page.The following parameters are configured after a reset to critical factory settings:•IP Address = 10.0.0.1Warning! Consult a qualified electrician if uncertain about how to properly ground the system and connect power. When disconnecting power, always disconnect all sources of power supply.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 232011-08-30•IP Mask = 255.0.0.0•IP Gateway = 0.0.0.0•Administration password = password (or ‘admin’)•User password = password (or ‘user’)•VLAN disabledTo perform a reset to critical factory settings:1Remove power.2Hold the RMT button on the front panel while applying power.Continue to hold the RMT button through the entire boot cycle (approximately 45 seconds).The front-panel LEDs toggle during the boot cycle.3Release the RMT button when LED behavior stabilizes.Antenna/Transmission SystemThis section provides guidance to mounting and connecting the RF transmission system, which consists of the antenna, RF cabling, and RF lightning arrestors. Consult the manufacturer's instructions for proper mounting, grounding, and wiring of these devices, and for definitive direction. These manufacturer's instructions supersede any information in this section.Initial Antenna MountingThe antenna must be an exact model recommended by the path and site planning engineer(s). Mount the antenna at the proper height, mast/mounting location and polarization orientation as determined by the path and site planning engineer(s). The model type, location, and orientation of the antenna is critical with respect to achieving proper path clearance, as well as to mitigate external or self- interference from nearby or collocated systems operating in or near the same frequency band.The antenna structure must be secure and safe with respect to the mounting of the antenna, transmission system weight, radio housing, and the combined weight of any personnel that may climb or attach to the structure.The combined weight of items and forces on the structure must be carefully considered in the design and construction of the structure. This must include the weight bearing on the structure in the highest wind conditions possible in the region, and with respect to all objects affixed to the structure. If additional objects are affixed to the structure in the future, it may be important to evaluate both the mechanical impact of these planned additions (with respect to wind and weight loading), as well as the potential impact to RF interference and frequency coordination (if additional radio equipment is anticipated). This is especially important if future equipment is likely to operate within the same frequency band.Once the antenna is mounted, cabled, and aligned, your goal is to never require modification. This prior planning is important in the path and site planning stages and in construction of the antenna structure.Follow the antenna manufacturer’s instructions for mechanical mounting of the antenna. Ensure that there is enough room around the antenna for alignment activities (moving the antenna in vertical and horizontal arcs), and for the RF transmission line to connect to the antenna connector unobstructed and within the specified bend radius requirements of the transmission line.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios24 202675-0052011-08-30At this point, the antenna mounts should be fully secure to the structure, the feed of the antenna securely mounted to the antenna (if the feed is a separate assembly), and the azimuth and elevation adjustments not completely tightened in preparation of the antenna alignment activity. It is a good practice to connect the transmission line to the antenna connector as early in the process as possible, to reduce the opportunity for debris or moisture to enter either the antenna connector or the transmission line connector. Use a connector cover or other temporary measures to ensure that the connector is kept clear. Take extra care if the antenna is installed during inclement weather to ensure that no moisture gets inside the antenna connector at any time.Now the antenna can be aimed in the general direction required for the link. Use a compass, a reference bearing, binoculars or any other similar device to point the antenna in the direction (generally) of the far end radio, and then slightly tighten the azimuth and elevation adjustments so that the antenna maintains its general position and is safe to be left without additional securing. Refer to the Exalt white paper, Antenna Alignment, for more information on antenna alignment techniques.Transmission Line from Antenna to EgressMost installations for 6GHz and higher frequencies use waveguide line for the primary connection between the antenna and the radio device. Alternatively, and especially for shorter paths or where only short runs of transmission line are needed, coaxial transmission line can be used. Coaxial transmission line can either have a solid or braided shield. Solid-shield cables are more resistant to external signal coupling and interference, but are generally stiffer than braided cables. Consult the path or site engineer(s) to ensure that the proper materials are chosen for the installation and that all factors were considered. Refer to the Exalt white paper, Transmission Line for Exalt Indoor Radio Systems.Waveguide is the preferred transmission line approach for these radios, as it exhibits minimum loss to the antenna system. In some cases, coaxial transmission lines can be used.For coaxial transmission line, the larger the diameter of the transmission line, the lower the loss. So for longer runs of transmission line, larger diameter cables are highly advised. However, at every frequency, there is a maximum diameter cable that supports the operating frequency. Verify the specifications. This should is determined in the path and site planning process.It is critical that the transmission line and antenna be capable of supporting the same type of connector, or easily adapted. It can be important to minimize the number of connectors and adapters, and it is ideal that they match directly without adaptation. In most cases, 6GHz waveguide transmission line allows for CPR-137 flange connectors and antennas have the same connectors. The manufacturers of transmission line typically offer instruction and certification for transmission line termination, and may also provide videos illustrating the process. There is no amount of extra care, education, precision, and effort that can be overstated for this process. Once the transmission line is connected to the antenna, traverse the exact route provided by the site planner. There is often a need for a small section of flexible transmission line near the antenna to accommodate the need for extra slack as the antenna is loosened and moved for the alignment process.Consult your transmission line manufacturer for the proper transportation, hoisting, securing, and grounding process. Always be very mindful of the entire length of transmission line to ensure that the transmission line is never twisted, kinked, or over-bent beyond the specified bend radius. Once a transmission line is over-bent or kinked, it will likely never recover its specified characteristics, even after straightening, and will often be completely unusable. Caution! Always follow the manufacturer’s termination process EXACTLY, and only use the manufacturer’s authorized tools and connectors for a given transmission line type.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 252011-08-30The opposite end of this primary transmission line typically terminates at the building or enclosure egress point. If coaxial transmission line is used, this is where to locate the RF lightning arrestor. Ensure that a proper termination to the connector-type of the lightning arrestor is made at this location. A drip loop may be required and proper securing hardware and grounding must be accommodated. If waveguide is used at the entry point, there is no need for lightning suppression. But install proper grounding according to the manufacturer's instructions.As soon as practical, weatherproof the connected ends of the transmission line to the antenna and lightning arrestor. This process should be delayed as long as possible to ensure that all systems are working properly before applying the weatherproofing. Once weatherproofing is applied, it may have to be removed for testing or installation modification. With this in mind, if the installation is occurring during inclement weather, take extra care at all times to ensure that no moisture enters any connector at any time. If moisture is suspected to have compromised the antenna or transmission line, it may render those devices useless without any means for remedy except for full replacement.Indoor MountingOn rare occasions the antenna can be mounted indoors behind a window. In these cases, there would not be a need for drip loops or an RF lightning arrestor. Use a very short transmission line connected directly between the antenna and the radio mounted nearby. The weatherproofing process can also be omitted.RF Lightning ArrestorRF lightning arrestors are needed for any coaxial connection that traverses from outdoors to indoors. They provide a direct path to ground for lightning strikes that may couple to or directly hit the outdoor transmission system or antenna structure. The RF lightning arrestor prevents any associated voltage and current from entering the building or enclosure, where it might harm the radio equipment, other equipment, or humans.The following lightning arrestor is an appropriate choice for this application:•Polyphaser WSXMMount and ground the RF lightning arrestor in accordance to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Place it as close as possible to the egress point where the next piece of transmission line enters the building or enclosure. Minimize the distance to the egress to lessen the opportunity for lightning to couple to or strike the unprotected section of transmission line (if any). Where possible, use a bulkhead connector to eliminate any opportunity of this risk. Keep cable lengths behind the arrestor and into the egress substantially short (less than 3'/1m) as a safe practice. Consult a qualified electrician or installer in all cases of grounding and lightning arrestor implementation.Transmission Line from Egress to RadioA single transmission line section from the egress to the radio RF connection is always desired. Minimize the number of connectors and adapters. For indoor runs, a cable ladder or tray may be needed to properly secure the transmission line. In some cases, a short flexible jumper allows ease of connection to the radio’s RF connector. An installation with space around the radio to accommodate a gentle bend radius of the transmission line is also good for a direct connection. In all cases, ensure that the transmission line is not a pulling force of the RF connector on the radio. Transmission lines can be very stiff and can damage the connector if not dressed properly. Also, follow the transmission line manufacturer’s instructions for the proper use of cable securing devices.For waveguide installations, the waveguide typically runs horizontally from the egress across a cable ladder or tray, and then vertically down to the radio rack location. The waveguide should end as close

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios26 202675-0052011-08-30as possible to the rear panel of the radio. Included in the diplexer kits to accommodate the final connection to the radio are 6" (152.4mm) and 1' (304.8mm) RF cables and waveguide adapters.Antenna AlignmentAntennas must be installed at both ends of the planned link to commence precision alignment. Refer to the Exalt white paper, Antenna Alignment.Antennas are typically aligned using the radio hardware for precise alignment. However, there are many very useful tools available to aid in this process, inclusive of devices specifically designed for the purpose of aligning antennas. Some examples are:•XL Microwave Path Align-R•Teletronics 17-402Use of these devices may be extremely advantageous as compared to using the radio, because they employ many unique facilities to aid in this process. Using these tools also makes it possible to align the antennas before the radio equipment is delivered. However, many installers successfully use the radios as the means for antenna alignment.There are two primary facilities when using the radio to align the antenna:•RSL voltage test point using a volt meter (recommended)The RSL test point DC voltage is inversely proportional and numerically calibrated to the received signal level. The voltage rises as the antennas are less in alignment, and falls as antennas are more in alignment. The voltage measurement corresponds to the received signal level in measurements of dBm (a negative number for RSL measurements). For example, an RSL of -60dBm yields an RSL voltage measurement of 0.60VDC; an RSL of -45dBm measures 0.45VDC.•GUI RSL reading indicates the current RSL in dBm.Alignment of the antennas using the RSL test point can be accomplished in the following ways:•Radio near or at antenna location– Temporarily connect the radio to the antenna using a short piece of transmission line, so that the radio is very close to the antenna location–Run wires, as necessary, from the RSL test point to the volt meter so that the antenna installer can directly view the volt meter•Run separate wires from radio mounted location to antenna location– Temporarily connect a set of wires from the RSL test point to the antenna location, to allow the radio installer to use a local volt meter•RF/DC coupler (for coaxial transmission line interconnection applications only)Note: Using this method, the final RSL voltage readings during alignment may be different (better) than the planned RSL, due to the short RF transmission line. Use the path calculation tool to determine the RSL that should result in this temporary configuration to ensure proper ideal alignment.Note: Due to the resistance of the cable, the RSL readings might be impacted. Use the thickest wiring possible. Test the impact of the voltage reading due to the wiring by comparing a direct measurement at the RSL test point as opposed to the end of the wiring.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 272011-08-30Install a temporary DC coupling device at the radio antenna port and at the antenna connector. Connect the RSL test point to the radio antenna port coupler, and the volt meter to the antenna connector coupler. •Verbal relay/walkie-talkie/mobile radio/cell phone– A person located at the radio front panel can use a short-range communication device or verbal relay to communicate to the antenna installer and read off RSL voltage measurementsOnly use the browser-based GUI for antenna alignment if there are no other means available. If this method is required, refer to Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI). The RSL reading can be read on a PC or any handheld computing device that supports an HTML browser and Ethernet connectivity.Note: There is a slight delay in RSL readings in the GUI as the RSL levels change. In this case, fine alignment can be done in small adjustments allowing a small gap of time so that the impact of the adjustment on the GUI display catches up to real time.

$Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios28 202675-0052011-08-30Configuration and ManagementThis section describes the command line interface (CLI) and Exalt graphical user interface (GUI).Command Line Interface (CLI)Exalt Digital Microwave Radios provide a CLI to set key parameters on the system. Use the Console port for serial devices, or use the Ethernet MAIN or AUX ports for a Telnet session over a network connection.Telnet into the Command Line Interface (CLI)Use a Telnet connection to access the CLI in the Exalt Digital Microwave Radios. Use the CLI to set key parameters on the system.Connect to the Radio in a Telnet SessionMake the Telnet connection to the radio through the Ethernet port. Use Windows and perform the following steps:1Open a command prompt or MS-DOS prompt (Start>Run).2Type C:\>Telnet <IP Address> at the command line:The default IP address is 10.0.0.1 (for the Tx Lo radio, or after default reset). 10.0.0.2 is the IP address for a new (from factory) Tx Hi radio.TelnetUse Telnet when prompted to enter the administration level login and password. The default administration login is admin and password is password. It is recommended that the default administration password be reset by performing a radio reset (see Reset to Critical Factory Settings).Figure 16 shows the menu choices available after log in.Bits per second: 9600Data bits: 8Parity: NoneStop bits: 1Flow Control: NoneNote: The accessing computer must be on the same IP subnet as the radio. If the radio supports DHCP and DHCP is enabled (see Ethernet Interface Configuration Page), which is the default setting for a radio shipped from Exalt (for the models with this feature), and your computer’s Ethernet port is set for DHCP addressing, the radio will configure your computer to 10.0.0.3 or 10.0.0.4, and no manual IP configuration is required.$

$Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 292011-08-30Figure 16 CLI root menuThe following selections can be made on all screens:•0 = back to previous screen•9 = help•Ctrl+\ (control and backslash keys) = exit sessionExalt Graphical User Interface (GUI)The Exalt GUI is the primary user interface for configuring and troubleshooting the radio and radio system. A computer or hand-held device with a conventional HTML browser and Ethernet port is required. Microsoft Internet Explorer is the preferred browser. Netscape, Mozilla, and Firefox are also supported. Preparing to ConnectIf the radios are new, both radios are preconfigured as Tx Lo and Tx Hi with default IP addresses of 10.0.0.1 and 10.0.0.2, respectively. If the radios are not new, the IP addresses and Hi/Lo and diplexer configurations may need to be changed. The initial priority is to connect to the radio’s management system to completely configure the radio. Assign the radios different IP addresses, unique to each radio. There are two ways to change the IP address:1Reset the radio to the critical default factory settings (see Reset to Critical Factory Settings).2Connect to the GUI using the default IP address (10.0.0.1 or 10.0.0.2), and change the IP address through the GUI interface.Note: To connect to the radio’s Ethernet port and use the GUI interface, the accessing computer must match the radio’s IP address subnet. It is therefore necessary to either change the radio’s IP address through the CLI to match the subnet of the computer, or change the computer’s IP address to match the subnet of the radio (such as, a computer IP address of 10.0.0.10 if trying to connect to a radio set to the factory default IP address of 10.0.0.1).If the radio supports DHCP and DHCP is enabled (see Ethernet Interface Configuration Page), which is the default setting for a radio shipped from Exalt (for the models with this feature), and your computer’s Ethernet port is set for DHCP addressing, the radio will configure your computer to 10.0.0.3 or 10.0.0.4, and no manual IP configuration is required.$

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios30 202675-0052011-08-30Make ConnectionsIt is recommended that one radio at a time be configured, on a bench, before taking the radios to the field for installation. Terminate the RF connector with a 50-Ohm termination or a fixed attenuator of at least 20dB (see Power). Once connected to the radio using Ethernet, log in to the Exalt GUI.Log InUse the following steps to log in to the Exalt GUI.1Open a browser window. Microsoft Internet Explorer is the recommended browser. Netscape, Mozilla, and Firefox are also supported. If there are issues with your browser, please report it to Exalt Customer Care. You may be required to use a different browser to immediately overcome issues.2Type the IP address of the radio in the address bar.Figure 17 Initiating the browser connectionThe following window displays after pressing the Enter key or clicking the Go button in the browser window.Figure 18 Browser Login screenLogin PrivilegesThere are two levels of login privileges:•Administrator (admin) – assigned complete permissions to view, edit, and configureCAUTION! Do not connect the radios in a back-to-back configuration unless the IP addresses of the two radios are verified as different from each other.Note: The IP address subnet of the accessing computer must match the radio’s IP address subnet to connect using Ethernet.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 312011-08-30•User (user) – assigned limited, view-only permissions with no edit or configuration rightsThe default login names and passwords are as follows:Administrator login credentials are required for configuration purposes. Type the user name and passwords for Administrator level and click OK. The following screen displays.Figure 19 Radio Information pageQuick StartTo establish a link on the bench, apply the following basic configurations to the radio terminal. Use the steps in the Quick Start Guide included with the radio. A summary of the items that need to be configured are:•Radio IP address for each end. – Each end must have a different IP address and cannot match the accessing computer’s IP address or any address assigned if radios are part of a larger network.– It may be required to change the IP address of the accessing computer after changing the IP address of the radio so that the IP subnet matches.– The radio IP address is listed on the Administration Settings Page.•Verify diplexer configuration:– On rear panel, ensure that one end of the link is configured for Tx Low and the other end Tx High, and matching opposite channels from one another.Table 4 Default login informationPrivilege level User name Default passwordAdministrator admin passwordUser user password

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios32 202675-0052011-08-30– In the GUI (System Configuration Page), the diplexer selection must match the type and orientation of the diplexer installed.If all other parameters are still configured at their factory default settings, the radios can now be connected back-to-back to verify that the link is communicating and perform any other desired tests. See Back-to-back Bench Testing for test information.Navigating the GUI describes each page of the GUI. Most configuration parameter settings are intuitive. The following link parameters must match at both ends for the link to communicate:•Link Security Key (Administration Settings Page)•Bandwidth (System Configuration Page)•RF Frequency (System Configuration Page), the channel plans match, but are opposite Tx and Rx frequencies for a link.Navigating the GUIThe GUI provides the primary interface for all configuration and management. There are three sections of the main GUI window:•Summary status information section (upper-left corner)•Navigation panel •Main windowFigure 20 Exalt GUI window descriptionSummary Status SectionThis section of the Exalt GUI provides a review of the system status. In the screens in Figure 21, the top bar illustrates the alarm condition of the link. The information inside the bar is equivalent to the entry of the Link Name set by the administrator in the Administration Settings page.The color of the panel indicates alarm status: Note: Changing any of these parameters causes a temporary loss of link. The GUI displays a warning and provides an opportunity to cancel changes.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 332011-08-30•Green indicates the system is communicating and all functions are normal•Yellow indicates a minor non-traffic affecting alarm condition •Red indicates a major traffic affecting alarm condition The left panel summarizes the alarm conditions of the local radio (the radio that matches the IP address). The information displayed is the IP address and the endpoint identifier (Radio A or Radio B). The right panel summarizes the alarm conditions of the remote radio (the radio linked to the local radio).The Summary Status Section allows the Exalt GUI to be a rudimentary management system. Minimize the browser window to display just the top bar or the top bar and radio information, and open several browsers on the desktop. When a window status changes to yellow or red, you can quickly maximize that window to determine the issues.Figure 21 Summary status informationNavigation PanelIn the navigation panel, pages with sub-pages have a plus (+) to the left of the page link. Click the plus sign or page name title to view sub-page titles. The pages can be collapsed to hide the sub-pages when a minus (–) sign appears to the left of the page link.Management pages are indicated with an X to the left of the page name. Click the X or page name to display the page within the main window.Note: The ‘local’ radio might be the near-end or the far-end radio, depending on the management interface connection. The terms local and remote refer to the orientation of the radio terminals relative to the IP address you are managing. When making certain changes to a near-end radio without first making changes to the far-end radio, the link may become disconnected unless configuration changes are reverted to their original settings. When making changes that may disrupt the link, always change the far-end radio first, and then the near-end radio to match.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios34 202675-0052011-08-30Radio Information PageThis page provides general information about the local radio terminal. This information is helpful for troubleshooting and for record keeping. Figure 22 Radio Information page

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 352011-08-30Administration Settings PageThis page allows contains general parameters for the radio system. The Current Value column lists entries actual settings. Desired changes are entered in the New Value column.After all desired changes are entered, click the Update button to accept and enable changes. Figure 23 Administration Settings pageMost entries on this page are self-explanatory. The following lists unique or important parameters.•Fill in the date and time fields as soon as practical. Events are captured with time/date stamps, which is valuable information for troubleshooting.•Set the Link Security Key to something other than the factory default setting (12 characters, all zeros) at each end. The link security key must match at both sides of the link. If the security key remains at the factory setting, the radio link is open to sabotage by a party with the same radio model. Each link should have a unique security key. If using the same security key for every link in the network, the radio could link to any other radio with the same security key. This is problematic in multi-radio networks.– Note that the security key must be exactly 12 characters. Any alphanumeric character can be used. The link security key is case sensitive.Note: Changing the link security key interrupts transmission until the opposite end is changed to match. Always change the far-end radio first, and then change the near-end radio.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios36 202675-0052011-08-30•Reset the admin and user passwords. These passwords should not match. If the admin password remains at the factory default setting, it provides an opportunity for random reassignment by a network-connected user.– The new password must be entered twice. If the passwords do not match and the Update button clicked, the password is not changed and remains set to the previous password.•Enter the license key provided by Exalt to access extended features or diagnostic capabilities. Click Update to accept the changes and enable the new features. License keys are issued by radio serial number, so ensure that the license key used was issued for this particular radio. •AES (Advance Encryption Standard) can be implemented to provide additional data security for the wireless link. This function requires an upgrade license key (purchased separately). Both radios in the link must have a valid AES upgrade license key to implement AES. Different bit-length encryption license keys (for example, 128-bit and 256-bit) are also available, depending on model type. If the required upgrade license key is present, simply insert a matching hexadecimal string on both terminals and select the Enable AES On option for AES encryption. Note that similar to the administration and user passwords, the AES string must be entered twice for each terminal.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 372011-08-30NTP and Time Zone ConfigurationsWhen Network Time Protocol (NTP) is enabled, the time and date is provided by the server. For NTP, set the IP address of the server where the time is to be retrieved. Up to four server IP addresses can be used. Any time zone can be selected, including Universal time. These servers must be available on the network that the radio is connected to. When NTP is disabled, the time and date is set on the Administration Settings page.Figure 24 NTP and Time Zone Configurations pageNote: This feature is not available on all models.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios38 202675-0052011-08-30Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) ConfigurationThis page allows the enabling and disabling of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) functions. Use SNMP to manage networked devices and execute the following functions:•GET: Obtain information from the device, such as a configuration setting or parameter.•SET: Change a configuration setting on the device.•TRAP: The device proactively informs the management station of a change of state, usually used for critical alarms or warnings. See SNMP Traps.Figure 25 SNMP Configuration pageOne feature of the SNMP implementation is that system configuration changes do not take effect using the SET command. Instead, groups of configuration settings can be preconfigured for global change, and a single ‘Save’ (Commit) command implements all changes.When some parameters are changed, a link may drop and/or management control lost. MIB files allow many parameters to be set at once, allowing only a temporarily dropped link or management control issue. The opposite end radio can be quickly reconfigured, with little downtime for the link and management control. The save (Commit) command is similar to the Update button. Dropped links or management control issues do not occur with every parameter change. Many configuration changes do not impact traffic or management access.EX-i Series FDD radios utilize SNMPv3, a high security version of SNMP, to ensure secure access to and storing of management data. The SNMPv3 security string matches the admin and user passwords. Passwords must be eight characters or longer.The SNMP MIBs are organized similar to the GUI. Become familiar with the GUI before using the SNMP function.SNMP v1/v2c/v3 Support OptionsEnable the SNMPv1/v2c options to allow entering read and read/write community strings. Note: Users are encouraged to avoid enabling SNMPv1/V2c support due to known security loopholes in these protocols.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 392011-08-30Enable the SNMPv3 options to allow entering read and read/write user names and passwords. These entries are de-coupled from the standard radio user names and passwords. SNMPv3 provides full management security.SNMP TrapsSNMP traps alert the central network management system with important issues about the radio system. Trap filters are set on the Traps Configuration page (Figure 26). Not all EX-i Series FDD radios support SNMP traps. Consult the release notes for more information and enable the desired trap version by clicking the box to the left of the version of trap(s). Ethernet port(s) that are assigned to Management (per the setting on the Ethernet Interface Configuration Page) must be connected to the network to allow trap information to reach the designated IP address. In a bridged network, this may not require special network settings. In a routed network, the connected router must have a defined path for the IP address.Figure 26 Trap Configuration pageThe following traps are available:•Authentication Trap: This is an SNMP standard trap when password information for SNMP is incorrect. This can help identify unwanted intrusions into the management system and for diagnosis of SNMP issues for valid users.Note: The Update button must be clicked to save any changes to this page.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios40 202675-0052011-08-30•Radio Reboot Trap: This trap is sent after any radio reboot to inform the manager of the reboot status.•Local Link Status Trap: This trap is sent when Link is in an errored state (equivalent to the Link LED on the radio front panel or the Link status bar in the upper-left of the Exalt GUI window). Independent traps can be set for the main and diversity links (when configured for space diversity).•Local Radio Status Trap: This trap is sent when Status is in an errored state (equivalent to the Status LED on the front panel or the radio status box in the upper-left of the Exalt GUI window).•Remote Radio Status Trap: This trap is sent when Status for the remote radio is in an errored state (equivalent to the Status LED on the front panel or the radio status box in the upper-left of the Exalt GUI window).•System/RX1/RX2 Local RSL Status Trap: These traps are sent when the local RSL drops below the value set in the Threshold Value (dBm) field. Buffers are provided so that continuous traps are not sent if the RSL is bouncing near the set threshold value. These traps are reset only if the RSL rises to 3dBm above the set threshold value and then drops below that value. Exalt recommends that these trap be set to a value 5dBm or 10dBm above the threshold as a warning that the system has faded and may be approaching an outage. Independent traps can be set for the System, RX1, and RX2 links.•Temperature Status Trap: This trap is sent when the internal temperature reaches the warning point. This conveys that the external temperature control is in a fault state. Buffers are applied to this trap to avoid multiple traps when the temperature remains near the warning point.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 412011-08-30File Transfer PageThis page allows the administrator to upload and download files to and from the radio. Two types of files can be uploaded: configuration, and radio firmware. When uploading Configuration Files, current configuration parameters are immediately overwritten, and the unit automatically reboots. When uploading radio firmware files, the file is placed into reserve memory space. After the new radio firmware file uploads, use the File Activation page to enable the files (see File Activation Page).Figure 27 File Transfer pageUp to four types of files can be downloaded: radio firmware, configuration, MIB, and event log. The MIB file refers to the Management Information Base related to the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) function, and is only available on models which support SNMP. See Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Configuration for more information.Use the following steps to download a file.1Select the type of file to download (configuration, radio firmware, MIB or event log).2Click the Download button and wait for the radio to prepare the file for download. For some file downloads, a second page/link appears (Figure 28). 3Left-click the link on the page to download the file to a desired location.Note: Check the File Activation Page before uploading radio firmware files. New file uploads overwrite the secondary file location. If important files reside in the primary or secondary file location, download them before uploading the new files. Only the active radio firmware file can be downloaded. Therefore, to download the reserve file, it must first be activated (using the Swap button).

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios42 202675-0052011-08-30Figure 28 File Transfer page—download file linkFile download and upload is useful when configuring several radios with similar settings. A copy of the configuration file can also help restore radio settings. In addition, a copy of the Exalt default configuration file is helpful to restore the radio to factory settings. If copying the same configuration file into multiple radios, take as some parameters will match and that may be undesirable. However, it may be easier to change just a subset of parameters rather than every parameter. The following parameters can cause problems or confusion if they match at each of a link:•Radio Name•IP Address•IP Subnet Mask•Default GatewayNote: Do not change the name of any download file. The configuration file must be named config.nv. To keep track of multiple configuration files, use a folder naming system or temporarily rename the file, however, it must be named config.nv before it can be uploaded to a radio. Never change radio firmware file names under any circumstances.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 432011-08-30The following parameters can match at both ends of the link:•Link Name•Link Security Key (although each link should be different)•Admin and User passwords•Bandwidth•Ethernet configurations

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios44 202675-0052011-08-30File Activation PageUse this page to move stored or uploaded files for use on the radio. The page indicates which file is currently in use, and which file is available for use. Click the Swap button to place the file in the Alternative File column into the active state and move the file in the Current File column to the Alternative File column.Figure 29 File Activation pageNote: In all cases, the radio reboots after a new file is selected using the Swap function. This places the radio out of service for a short time.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 452011-08-30System Configuration PageThis page contains several critical system parameters.Figure 30 System Configuration pageMost entries on this page are self-explanatory. The following lists unique or important parameters.•Set the Diplexer/Filter Configuration parameter by selecting the diplexer mounted on the rear panel that matches the label shown right-side-up on the diplexer. Select OTHER if using a custom diplexer assembly or a diplexer not in the list. If using OTHER, an independent Tx/Rx frequency input is required.On some models, when OTHER is selected an additional field is provided to program the insertion loss of the diplexer. This parameter can be found with the paperwork supplied with the original diplexer packaging.•Set the Radio Transmit Power (dBm) parameter to the desired level. The professional installer sets this value or dictates the value of this setting to the system administrator following the system

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios48 202675-0052011-08-30combining is enabled independent receiver performance data is not available on the Performance Page.– Enable XPIC/Vertical Enable XPIC/Horizontal implement these parameters in a cross-pole interference cancellation configuration. In this configuration, one terminal at one end of the link must have Enable XPIC/Vertical enabled, while the other terminal at that end must have Enable XPIC/Horizontal enabled. XPIC provides a means to connect two parallel links across a cross-polarized antenna to achieve higher capacity than one independent link.•RX RSL Differential parameter (for space diversity configurations) if transmission system specifications are different from one another for the two connected antennas (such as in a Space Diversity configuration with different size antennas for each receiver), enter the anticipated RSL delta in this field. The radio provides alarm conditions when RSL is not meeting anticipated levels. If this alarm is not desired, click the disable button.•RSL Monitor parameter controls which RSL is presented at the front-panel RSL voltage port. This can be selected to either RX1 or RX2 (for two-receiver models), or COMBINED for the highest value of either (for two-receiver models). It is recommended that you select the independent port of interest if using this port for antenna alignment.•Enable the Automatic Transmit Power Control (ATPC) parameter (if authorized) to increase transmitter power if the RSL drops below the programmed value. The maximum output power for ATPC is either 10dB or the maximum power capable from the radio (including installed license keys). Use the ATPC timers to ensure that the radio meets regulatory requirements. Timer information is provided in the ATPC Statistics Page under the Monitor section. Also, the diagnostics chart for RSL illustrates the ATPC threshold level to accomplish a proper diagnosis of the RSL relative to ATPC. •The External Alarm Inputs parameter can be ignored unless connecting external alarm sources to the radio to monitor the status of these external alarms through the radio management system (see Interface Connections).

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 492011-08-30Allocation PageThis page allows the administrator to determine how the TDM interfaces (T1, E1, DS3, OC3, etc.) and remaining Ethernet capacity are allocated when ACM is enabled. Since ACM changes the capacity of the radio, it is critical to determine how those changes impact the traffic carried over the link.Figure 31 Allocation pageThe left side of the chart shows the different modulations available for ACM. Columns display under different TDM type column headings (such as DS3 and T1 shown). Selection of how many of each interface is determined by the selections for each modulation. The bar graph color codes allocation of the TDM interfaces, showing each interface and the relative capacity it is occupying. Orange indicates remaining Ethernet capacity for that modulation.At the right of the graph, the full-duplex Ethernet capacity displays in Mbps. The total full-duplex capacity displays in the System column.It may be necessary to configure the TDM interfaces. A link displays under the graph to ease configuring any TDM interface.Note: The allocation of TDM interfaces only defines HOW MANY channels are allocated; it does not define WHICH physical ports are allocated. Priority of port assignments is controlled on the Cross Connect (X Connect) Page. If a TDM allocation change occurs between modulations, the priority defined in Cross-Connect determines which ports are added or dropped.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios50 202675-0052011-08-30Ethernet Interface Configuration PageThis page allows the administrator to set the muting, alarm, and duplex settings of the ETH1, ETH2, and ETH3 connections, and allows determination of the management information for in-band (carried over the air and available from both Ethernet connectors on either end of the link) or out-of-band (not carried over the air and only available from the local PoE connector).Figure 32 Ethernet Interface Configuration pageThe management function of each port can be assigned as:•In-Band Management – All ports can pass traffic over the link and also have access to management of the radio. Management traffic is carried over the link. •Out-of-band Management – Each port can be set to either Traffic or Management. All ports set to traffic are connected together and pass traffic over the link, and all ports set to management are connected together, but separated from the traffic and do not go over the link. Management is not available over the wireless link in this configuration (unless externally switched or routed to a Traffic port).•Legacy Management (EX-6i-DS3-GigE only) – ports can be selected as Traffic, Management, or Traffic+Management. In this configuration, all ports set to Traffic are NOT connected together, but each individual port has the ability to send and receive traffic over the link. Too, all ports set to Management are NOT connected together, but each individual port can send and receive management information to the connected radio.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 512011-08-30•Mode allows for specific negotiation settings on each interface. Exalt recommends setting these interfaces to Auto Negotiation. However, there may be cases where connected equipment performance can be improved by using a specific negotiation type.•Alarm determines if the radio goes into alarm when the interface connection is disconnected or not sensed. Enable alarms on in-use interfaces. Unused interfaces should have alarms disabled.•Mute when enabled mutes the interface on link outage. This accommodates connected equipment that requires loss of connection sense to enact network alarms. For example, Spanning Tree Protocol can be enabled on loss of connection.Notes:•The Legacy Management setting is not recommended; it supports users running v1.1 firmware or lower so that upgrades do not cause network loops or other issues. If your configuration has a mixture of both independent and mixed function interfaces, change these settings to either In-Band or Out-of-band Management and make the appropriate external network accommodations to support this new setting. Contact Exalt support for details.•The radio requires that a minimum of one interface have access to management (either by setting to Mgmt or Traffic+Mgmt). •If VLAN is enabled, VLAN IDs assigned to separate interfaces must match the topology of the Function setting on this page. For example, any port with access to Management must include the Management VLAN ID when configuring VLANs.Note: The radio prohibits setting all interfaces to Mute, as this does not allow management access to the radio. Do not mute the port with access to management.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios52 202675-0052011-08-30T1/E1 Configuration PagesThese pages allow the administrator to selectively configure the T1 or E1 circuits, one at a time. For enabled T1/E1 circuits, additional configuration, including loopback functions, are available. Disable the unused T1 or E1 so that the alarms are turned off and more throughput is allocated to the Ethernet interface. Every enabled T1 or E1 input, even if there is no T1 or E1 signal present, reduces the aggregate throughput of the Ethernet interface by roughly 3Mbps (for T1) or 4Mbps (for E1).Click the Set to T1 or Set to E1 button to toggle the page between T1 and E1. This will interrupt traffic. T1/E1 mode self-coordinates across the link if the link is active. This means that it only needs to be set while connected at one end. In addition, enabling and disabling T1/E1 circuits also self-coordinates across the link if the link is active. If a link is not active and T1/E1 enabling is a mismatch when a link is first created, the Tx-Low radio for T1/E1 enabling supersedes the settings on the Tx-High configuration, and changes the settings on Tx-High.T1 Interface Configuration PageThis page allows the administrator to enable/disable the alarm for each individual T1 channel, set the Line Build Out (LBO), Line Code (either AMI or B8ZS), and AIS enabling/disabling for each input. If enabled, the radio places an AIS code on the output of the associated interface if and when the link fails or when there is no T1 signal available from the far end to provide the user at the local end. Loopback controls are also provided (see Loopback).Carefully consider alarm enabling relative to the number of ports allocated (see Allocation Page) and their relative priority (see Cross Connect (X Connect) Page). If alarms are enabled, a red alarm occurs when a port is allocated and no T1 signal is detected. A yellow alarm occurs s when a port is not allocated and a T1 signal is detected. Disable alarms for unallocated ports or ports with traffic connected but that are not in use.Note: Certain combinations of the Mode/Modulation and Bandwidth parameter settings limit the number of T1/E1 circuits that can be carried by the radio. In these cases, certain fields on the T1/E1 Interface Configuration pages are not available, starting with the highest port number. For example, for a 4x T1/E1 radio version, if only three (3) circuits can be carried, port 4 is not viable for configuration and is disabled. If only two circuits can be carried, both ports 3 and 4 are not available. Increasing the Mode/Modulation parameter and/or increasing the Bandwidth parameter results in an increase in the supported number of T1/E1 circuits This is because the T1/E1 traffic is given priority over Ethernet traffic.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 532011-08-30Figure 33 T1 Interface Configuration pageE1, DS3, and OC3 Configuration PagesFor all other TDM configurations (E1, DS3, and OC3), configuration is nearly identical to the T1 configuration. However, the LBO and AIS settings must match the interface standard. For some DS3 interface units, additional configuration is provided to select the ground configurations of the DS3 ports (grounded or not grounded).When setting Alarms, review the Allocation and X-Connect settings relative to how many and which specific ports will be active for different ACM states. See the T1 Interface Configuration Page section for advice on alarm settings.E1 Interface Configuration PageThis page (Figure 34) allows the administrator to enable/disable each individual E1 channel.The AIS can also be enabled and disabled for each input. If enabled, the radio places an AIS code on the output of the associated interface if and when the link fails or when there is no E1 signal available from the far end to provide the user at the local end. Loopback controls are also provided (see T1/E1 Loopback).

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios54 202675-0052011-08-30Figure 34 E1 Interface Configuration pageDS3 and OC3 Interface Configuration PagesThese page allow the administrator to configure the DS3/OC3 interface. These interfaces should be disabled if there is no DS3/OC3 connected. The associated throughput is then allocated to T1/E1 and/or Ethernet.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 552011-08-30Figure 35 DS3 Interface Configuration pageThe Line Build Out (LBO) can be set for this interface. Also, the Automatic Insertion Signal (AIS) can be disabled, or set to an All-Ones (A1S) or All-Zeros (A0S) signal type. In addition, some loopback functions are provided as described in Loopback.Figure 36 shows the OC3 Configuration page.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios56 202675-0052011-08-30Figure 36 OC3 Configuration pageLoopbackLoopback is provided for any enabled TDM port. The choices are:•No Loopback (default)•External (local)•External (remote)All loopback configurations control the loop at the Line Interface integrated circuit, which is the device wired directly to the front panel ports.External loopback modes are used in conjunction with an external test source. The designation of ‘local’ or ‘remote’ refers to where the loopback is occurring relative to the location where the loopback is implemented. That is, on the radio being accessed, if External (remote) is selected, this loops the signal back at the remote radio interface back towards the local radio. Likewise, if External (local) is selected, the signal loops back at the local interface towards the remote radio (Figure 37 and Figure 38).

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 572011-08-30Figure 37 External (remote) loopbackFigure 38 External (local) loopbackWhen a local TDM port is configured for External (remote) loopback, it is the same as configuring the remote radio for External (local) loopback.Note: For DS3 interfaces, the implementation is slightly different than shown in Figure 37 and Figure 38. The remote loopback will send traffic from the local In to the local Out as shown, but the far-end In-to-Out connection is not made. The local loopback will loop the local In-to-Out, but does not create the over-the-air loopback shown in the opposite direction.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios58 202675-0052011-08-30MHS Configuration PageThis page provides the capability to configure the system for Monitored Hot Standby (MHS). These configurations implement a second terminal at one or both ends of the link for hardware protection and/or path protection. MHS cannot be configured when Adaptive Coded Modulation (ACM) is enabled.Figure 39 MHS Configuration pageFor MHS, the two terminals at one end of the link are connected to the same antenna. One terminal is in a ‘standby’ configuration, and is automatically selected if issues are identified with the other terminal. Special MHS protection cabling (sold separately) is required to connect the PROT ports of the terminals, along with a standard straight-wired CAT5 cable for the EXP ports of the terminals.One terminal at the endpoint is designated as primary and the other secondary. For MHS configurations, generally the primary terminal is connected to the on the lower-loss side of the MHS receiver coupler. The Lock On features are provided for troubleshooting. The default setting is No Lock on (Normal), to enable protection. When swapping cables or hardware on one of the terminals or for troubleshooting, set the primary or secondary radio to Lock On and set the amount of time.MHS switching can be implemented in a ‘hybrid’ fashion instead of selecting one complete terminal. In this configuration the interface circuitry of one terminal may be in use, while the RF circuitry of the other terminal is in use. This hybrid implementation yields faster MHS switching and requires no user intervention.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 592011-08-30VLAN Configuration PageVLAN is disabled as the default setting for Exalt radios. The Exalt radios still pass VLAN and non-VLAN traffic across the link, but do not examine the VLAN traffic or act upon it. Enable VLAN using the Exalt GUI for expanded VLAN support.Figure 40 VLAN Configuration pageThe top table allows the configuration of the default VLAN assigned to each interface and the VLAN used for radio management. VLAN may be enabled in one of three different ways:•Where programmed VLANs from the bottom table are passed and all other traffic is blocked.•Where programmed VLANs from the bottom table are passed, untagged traffic is passed, and VLANs not in the table are blocked.•Where programmed VLANs from the bottom table are passed, untagged traffic is tagged with the default VLAN assigned to the interface, and VLANs not in the table are blocked.In the bottom table, create a list of VLANs to pass on the selected interface. This list can be in the form of individual VLAN IDs, separated by commas, and/or ranges of VLAN IDs. (for example, 105, 109. 111–145, 156, 254–275).Note: Once a management VLAN is configured or modified and the Update button clicked, the management connection will likely be lost. The management connection to the radio must follow the configuration to the assigned VLAN. After configuring and enabling the management VLAN on the radio, reconfigure your network’s management access to match the settings on the radio.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios60 202675-0052011-08-30The “new value” list matches the “current value” list to allow easy editing by subtracting, adding, or otherwise modifying the list before clicking Update.VLAN configurations are maintained even when VLAN is disabled. That is, the VLANs can be configured and the configuration saved, even though they are not active until VLAN is enabled. Use the following methods to restore the management connection if a mistake was made assigning the management VLAN and access cannot be restored:•Reset the radio to the critical factory defaults (see Reset to Critical Factory Settings), or•Connect to the Console port using a serial interface and the CLI, as described in Command Line Interface (CLI), and reconfigure the VLAN settings.Note: The VLAN IDs that are assigned to any interface should support the Function settings on each interface as defined on the Ethernet Interface Configuration Page.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 612011-08-30Ethernet Rate Limiting PageThis page enables radio Ethernet port rate limiting. Enable this to limit the output information rate to at or below downstream networking equipment capabilities. The default setting is disabled. The rate is in Mbps or kbps, as specified. Use the Update button to save changes.Figure 41 Ethernet Rate Limiting page

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios62 202675-0052011-08-30Ethernet Learning PageThis page allows enabling or disabling Media Access Control (MAC) learning. This is a universal setting for all Ethernet interfaces. Figure 42 Ethernet Learning pageSome network configurations may broadcast the same MAC Source address on multiple interfaces, and if learning is enabled, data transport errors can result. For these cases, disable learning to improve networking functionality. However, disabling learning can cause unnecessary traffic to occupy the interfaces and the radio link, and lead to lower throughput performance.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 632011-08-30Syslog Configuration PageSyslog serves as a remote means to receive event log messages (configuration and alarm state changes) for network management and/or record keeping.Figure 43 Syslog Configuration pageTo enable the syslog, check the Remote host logging option and input the IP address for the remote host. See Event Log Page for filter descriptions.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios64 202675-0052011-08-30Ethernet AggregationThis page allows enabling or disabling the Ethernet Aggregation function. When enabled, the radio can be interconnected with other radios (typically in parallel) to aggregate the Ethernet traffic so that only one connection is needed at each end without external routers or aggregating switches.Figure 44 Ethernet Aggregation pageThe radio that has Ethernet Aggregation enabled is the ‘primary’ radio in the aggregation arrangement, and the EXP port can be connected to another radio’s EXP or GbE port or connected to a simple GbE switch connected to other radio’s EXP ports and/or GbE ports.The net result of this feature is that a set of radios appear as ONE connection to the LAN/WAN. If a radio link fails or degrades for any reason, the capacity scales accordingly, up or down dynamically up to a maximum of 1Gbps full-duplex.For aggregation, all radios at one side of the link must be designated ‘East’ and at the other end, designate all as ‘West.’ Each radio has an Aggregator ID that corresponds to the ‘Radio Link’ information at the bottom of the table. For the primary radio, the relative throughput percentages are entered for each radio in the aggregation set. Radio Link 1 is the radio itself. For links running ACM, use a percentage based on target modulation throughput (maximum). For example, in a two-radio link aggregation scenario, if the primary radio carries 300Mbps full-duplex capacity at target modulation and the second radio carries 200Mbps, then the percentage applied to Radio Link 1 Throughput should be 60 and Radio Link 2 40.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 652011-08-30Cross Connect (X Connect) PageThis page has two primary purposes. One is to determine the priority of TDM interfaces when ACM is enabled and allocation for the associated TDM interfaces is different from one modulation to another. The other is to allow a cross-connect function for port assignments from one end of the link to the other.Figure 45 Cross Connect (X Connect) pageFor the priority selection function, for example, if allocation has been set to carry 16xT1 interfaces under all conditions except for the lowest modulation setting, where only 4xT1 are allocated, the priority 1 through 4 ports would remain active in the lowest modulation setting.For the cross-connect function, the port numbers at both the near-end and far-end are mapped by the administrator to determine traffic flow through the radio - for example, allowing traffic on Port 1 of one radio to be virtually connected to Port 11 on the other. This can relieve the need to commission external cross-connect or channel banks, or relieve an issue with a bad port or bad connection or cable to a port by re-prioritizing and re-connecting it.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios66 202675-0052011-08-30Alarms PageThis page provides an easy-to-read summary of the alarm status of both local and remote radios. The colors on this page reflect the color of the alarms displayed on the radio front panel. However, additional detail displays on this page to aid in quick assessment of issues and status.Figure 46 Alarms pageTable 5 lists alarm status conditions that appear on this page.Table 5 Alarm status indicatorsLabel StatusLink System Indicates RF link status:• Green Solid = Error-free connection (BER<10e-6)• Yellow Solid = Errored connection (10e-3>BER >10e-6)• Red Solid = No link (BER>10e-3)RX Alarm When Rx RSL Differential is enabled, provides alarms for Space Diversity configurations.• Green Solid = The Rx values of the two receivers are within 5dB of the programmed differential value.• Yellow Solid = The Rx values of the two receivers are further apart than 5dB of the programmed differential value.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 672011-08-30The Temperature alarm monitors the internal temperature of the unit based on specific points inside the radio chassis. It is normal for the internal temperature to be above the ambient temperature, so the temperature reading may be higher than the highest specified ambient temperature. When the internal electronics reach a point that is higher than the normal temperature rise at the highest ambient temperature, the temperature alarm turns yellow. Power down the radio as soon as possible, and investigate the cause of the temperature rise before the radio is put back into service. In almost all cases, a temperature alarm is due to an external cause.Additional alarm entries display for certain configurations, as listed in Table 6.ATPC Indicates Automatic Transmit Power Control status:• Green Solid = ATPC is enabled, but not active.• Yellow Solid = ATPC is active.• Red Solid = ATPC timers have reached limit (and link has not recovered to target RSL).• Grey = ATPC is disabled.PA Protection Indicates the status of power amplifier protection:• Green Solid = PA is OK; not in a maintenance state.• Yellow Solid = PA is in a maintenance state (force high or force low, as set on the PA Control Page).• Red Solid = PA has detected an issue.Ethernet • Green Solid = Alarm enabled and Ethernet link present• Red = Alarm enabled and Ethernet link not present• Grey = Alarm disabledDS3 Input • Green = Enabled and connection present (clocking confirmed)• Red = Enabled and no connection present• Yellow = Disabled and connection present• Grey = Disabled or unavailable due to configurationT1/E1 Input • Green = Enabled and connection present (clocking confirmed)• Yellow = Disabled and connection present• Red = Enabled and no connection present• Grey = Disabled or unavailable due to configurationTemperature • Green Solid = Normal temperature range• Yellow Solid = Exceeding normal temperature rangeInternal Fan Indicates the internal fan status. There are 3 fans for redundancy.•Green = Fan OK• Red = Fan in alarmExternal Inputs (1 and 2) Indicates the status of the external alarm inputs from the ALARMS connector, in accordance with the open/closed logic defined on the System Configuration Page.Link Security • Green = Security keys match• Red = Security keys do not match• Grey = Link is downTable 5 Alarm status indicators (Continued)Label Status

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios68 202675-0052011-08-30Table 6 Additional alarm status indicatorsLabel StatusExpansion Port Alarm When MHS, Frequency Diversity, Errorless Switching, or Aggregation is enabled:• Green = Expansion Port Data is valid• Yellow = Expansion Port Data is not valid or missingProtection Port Alarm When MHS or Errorless Switching is enabled:• Green = Protection Port connection is valid• Yellow = Protection Port connection is not valid or missingMHS Alarm When MHS is enabled:• Green = MHS configuration is correct and Protection Port data is valid• Yellow = MHS configuration is mismatched or Protection Port data is not valid or missingLink Main Alarm When MHS or Errorless Switching is enabled:• Green = The local radio RF is good• Yellow = The local radio RF is BER=10e-6 or worse

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 692011-08-30MHS Status PageThis page provides information regarding the status of MHS configuration and alarms.Figure 47 MHS Status pageThe ‘local’ radio is the terminal you are logged into, and the ‘partner’ information is the terminal that is configured as its MHS partner. One of these must be designated as Primary, while the other is designated as Secondary (see MHS Configuration Page).•The RF Status indicates which radio is being used for the RF circuitry of the link and which one is on standby.•The Interface Status indicates which radio is being used for the interface circuitry of the link and which one is on standby•The Protection Link Status refers to the communications between the PROT ports of the terminals.•The Configuration status indicates if there are any mis-matches in required configurations between the two terminals. The following items must match between partner radios:– Hi/Lo orientation– one terminal must be primary and the other secondary– all TDM enabled channels and their respective alarm enabled states– Ethernet traffic/management, alarming and muting•The Expansion Link status refers to the communications between the EXP ports on the terminals.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios70 202675-0052011-08-30Performance PageThis page provides statistical information about the performance of the system in relation to the integrity of the user data and the RF link. Figure 48 Performance page•The Current BER field indicates the current bit error rate of the link. If the link is operating perfectly, this should indicate zero. Generally, the link should remain at a BER less than 1x10-6 (one bit out of every million bits errored). This is the threshold performance specification and the standard to which the link was engineered. However, radio links can and are affected by weather, interference, and other external sources and will occasionally have a higher error rate. A link remains operational unless the BER exceeds 1x10-3 (1 bit out of every hundred bits errored). Consult the link design engineer for an understanding of the predicted error rate of the radio link as it has been designed. Many applications are unaffected by bit errors, but TDM circuits (for example, T1 or E1) are more sensitive. Also, if the link operator is providing a service guarantee, this value may need to be monitored or examined in cases of service issues. The behavior of BER in relation to other alarms or measurements and external events can be very helpful in troubleshooting activities.•Errored Seconds (ES) indicates the total number of seconds that occurred where there was at least one bit error since the last time that the radio statistics counter was reset. Generally, ES are not a significant concern, so long as they are not continuous or above the anticipated performance based on the original link engineering goals. If ES are continuous or at a high rate, this is normally an indication of poor link performance due to poor RSL or interference, or severe impact by weather or other environmental factors. However, similar to the performance factors previously listed, ES can and will occur in any radio link. Once again, consult the link engineer to determine the original

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 712011-08-30design goals, and compare actual performance to these expectations to determine if any improvements are necessary or if other problems may be causing excessive ES.•Unavailable Seconds (also called UAS) are similar to ES, but this counter keeps track of every second where the bit error rate equals or exceeds 1x10-3, as well as any seconds where there is a complete loss of radio communication, over the period since the last counter reset. If Unavailable Seconds are continuous or at a high rate, this is normally an indication of poor link performance due to poor RSL or interference, or severe impact by weather or other environmental factors. However, similar to the performance factors listed above, Unavailable Seconds can and do occur in any radio link. Consult the link engineer to determine the original design goals, and compare actual performance to these expectations to determine if any improvements are necessary or if other problems may be causing excessive Unavailable Seconds.•Current RSL is the measurement of the received signal level at the radio antenna port. This is the measured level of the RF signal coming from the opposite end of the radio link. The link was engineered to a specific RSL by the link design engineer, and this RSL should be obtained during installation and remain relatively stable during the operation of the link. RSL can and will vary as a result of weather changes and other external sources, such as path obstructions. Once again, this variation was part of the original design to achieve a certain level of performance over time. Bit errors occur when the RSL falls to a level within roughly 3dB of the threshold specification. When the RSL falls below the threshold specification, the link disconnects and will not reconnect until the RSL is above the threshold specification. The behavior of RSL in relation to other alarms or measurements and external events can be very helpful in troubleshooting activities.•Minimum RSL indicates the worst (lowest) received signal level that occurred since the last counter reset. It is helpful to know if the RSL dropped significantly from the normal level, or has reached a level near or below threshold.•Maximum RSL indicates the best (highest) RSL that occurred since the last counter reset. This indicates the best performance of the radio link, which is normally equal to the installed value, and is usually the designed value.•Minimum RSL Timestamp indicates the date and time when the Minimum RSL occurred. This is helpful for general troubleshooting, and especially comparing to items in the event log or diagnostic charts from the same time period.•Time Since Reset indicates the amount of time passed since the last counter reset. This helps to quantify the seriousness of other statistics, such as ES and Unavailable Seconds, if there have been high numbers of ES and/or Unavailable Seconds over a relatively short period of time.All end-of-link statistics can be independently reset using the respective reset statistics button. It is good practice to reset the statistics during link commissioning (after all antenna alignment is complete and stable RSL at designed levels is achieved, and no more system reboots are anticipated). Regularly review this page to record performance and reset the statistics so that the counters can more precisely pinpoint issues.Note: Unavailable Seconds do not register as ES. In other words, the ES counter counts all seconds that are errored NOT INCLUDING the seconds that were classified as unavailable. The total number of seconds with errors or outages is the sum of ES and Unavailable Seconds.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios72 202675-0052011-08-30When ACM is enabled on the System Configuration Page, the Performance page lists ACM statistics (Figure 49).Figure 49 Performance page with ACM statisticsThe ACM Performance table provides a reference of the maximum and minimum modulation settings that are selected on the System Configuration Page and their associated throughput. The Active column illustrates the current radio configuration.Note: Resetting statistics from one end also resets the statistics for the same radio at the opposite end. That is, if the Local statistics are reset, logging into the remote end shows the Remote statistics on that end (which is the local radio in the first condition) as being reset at the same time.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 732011-08-30ATPC Statistics PageThis page provides timer information for the Automatic Transmit Power Control (ATPC) function (Figure 50). Regulations require timers for ATPC and ATPC may not operate over the authorized time (up to 5 minutes at maximum allowed power without returning to target RSL). In addition to providing statistics, the timer can be reset.Figure 50 ATPC Statistics page

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios74 202675-0052011-08-30Event Log PageUse this page to review a list of the events logged by the radio. The following items are listed in the event log:•Alarms•Alarms clearing (normal)•Radio rebootsEvery event is tagged with the time that the event occurred, and a severity and type. The event log also allows filtering to limit the view of the log to only the level(s) of desired information.The log contains the last 1000 events. Events are deleted on a FIFO basis.The event log can be cleared and downloaded from the file transfer page (some models may require a software upgrade to enable this feature). A screen capture of the browser window can serve as a useful record.Figure 51 Event Log page

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 752011-08-30User Throughput PageThis page illustrates the user throughput of the radio, as configured.Figure 52 User Throughput pageClick the help icon ( ) to go to the page on how this information is determined (Figure 53)

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios76 202675-0052011-08-30.Figure 53 User Throughput Help page

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 772011-08-30Diagnostic Charts PageUse this page as an aid in troubleshooting. This page illustrates the historical (and current) performance for three parameters: RSL, Radio Temperature, and BER.The horizontal scale illustrates 120 points of time measurement and is synchronized on all three graphs. The scale displays in minutes, hours, or days from the last two hours (120 minutes), five days (120 hours), or four months (120 days). All information is stored, so all of these periods are available for short- and long-term performance analysis. The right side of a graph represents the most recent measurement, and data ‘marches’ from the right-to-left at every interval.The vertical scale of each chart independently scales to show the maximum resolution based on the maximum variation of the data over the selected time measurement. Figure 54 Diagnostic Charts pageUse the cursor to point to any spot on any of the three charts, and all three charts illustrate the measurements taken for that time interval in the upper-left corner of each chart. The time interval is indicated by T=(value). This is followed by the value of the measurement, listing the highest value, lowest value and average value measured over that time interval.For example, if the displayed time interval is minutes, and the cursor is held at the T=17 mark on the horizontal axis, the measurements shown indicate performance from 17 minutes ago. The high/low/average values shown on each chart are measurements made across that specific one-minute interval.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios78 202675-0052011-08-30Changes in RSL often have an impact on BER, and this can be confirmed by looking for synchronized events. When BER events occur without corresponding changes in RSL, this normally indicates interference, atmospheric changes, transmission system issues (such as problems with cables, connectors, or antennas), or possibly radio hardware problems.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 792011-08-30Ethernet Utilization PageThis page shows a chart for each Ethernet interface to illustrate inbound and outbound packet utilization. This is shown as a percentage of the interface configuration (that is, if your interface is set for 100BaseT, then 100% represents 100Mbps. Compare offered load (inbound) to delivered load (outbound) to determine if radio capacity is a bottleneck for the data transfer. This chart can illustrate inbound and/or outbound utilization, and uses different colors for data entry. The legend can be hidden.Figure 55 Ethernet Utilization pageNote that outbound utilization never exceeds the rate where a radio is configured. For example, if the radio is configured for a 55 Mbps capacity, outbound utilization will never exceed 55 Mbps at 100BaseT.The Ethernet Utilization Watermark level function allows administrators to receive an SNMP trap when watermark conditions are exceeded. For example, if a radio is configured for 55 Mbps capacity, the administrator may wish to be warned if the radio exceeds 50 Mbps for more than 1 hour per day. In this case, set the Watermark level to 50% and the trap duration to 60 minutes. Traps must be enabled to activate this function.When the watermark level function is enabled, a line on the chart appears for data comparison to the watermark.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios80 202675-0052011-08-30PA Control PageRadios configured with Power Amplifier (PA) protection switching automatically bypass the PA on detected PA failures. The PA Control page provides ability for extended troubleshooting related to the PA. Select from the following three options:•Force Normal places the PA protection in its normal state where if issues are detected, the PA is bypassed, dropping the transmit power approximately 10dB. In most link conditions, the link is maintained.•Force High forces a no PA bypass condition. If a PA issue is detected, this can help verify improper performance.•Force Low forces a PA bypass. This is useful for troubleshooting and initial link commissioning. For link testing, this option ensures that the link has sufficient margin to maintain connection if PA protection switching occurs.Figure 56 PA Control page

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 812011-08-30Spectrum AnalyzerThe spectrum analyzer feature provides a useful pre-planning and troubleshooting tool. This feature is only available on radios with firmware supporting the spectrum analyzer. Perform a spectrum analysis after deployment and just before commissioning to maintain a record of the spectrum at the time of deployment. Figure 57 shows the Spectrum Analyzer page.Figure 57 Spectrum Analyzer page

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios82 202675-0052011-08-30While a professional spectrum analyzer provides higher levels of control and precision for pre-planning, the Spectrum Analyzer page allows evaluation of the RF spectrum as seen at the radio’s RF input port prior to deployment. This is useful for pre-planning the center frequency and occupied bandwidth, and to determine polarization and antenna type and mounting locations. For troubleshooting, enable the spectrum analyzer to scan the desired segment or full band of the frequency range. Select the step size and set the remote radio transmitter ON or OFF. This allows viewing of the clean spectrum without the remote transmitter on and a comparison of the remote transmitter in the midst of other signals.Use the smallest step size to obtain the finest view of the spectrum. The spectrum analyzer can be set to match the start and stop frequency for a dwell mode. Peak and average detection modes are also available. Peak detection is helpful for capturing intermittent events such as pulsed emissions.It is best to set the Scan Time option to a time value as opposed to using the ‘infinity’ setting. If your management computer is connected to the radio through the radio link, access to the GUI is interrupted during the duration of the analysis. The spectrum analyzer graph displays received signals in red or green (Figure 58), normalized in dBm to the resolution bandwidth of the analyzer. Red indicates a peak hold function. This is the highest level detected during the entire scan. Green indicates the last value measured at that frequency. Figure 58 Spectrum analyzer graph exampleA completely green vertical box indicates that the signal maintained a steady level for the entire scan or that the last scan measured at a strong or stronger level than the rest of the analysis. A completely Note: Enabling the spectrum analyzer interrupts all radio traffic for the duration of the analysis. In addition, access to the radio’s GUI may also be interrupted, depending on the location of the interfaced computer relative to the radio where the spectrum analysis is occurring. The GUI is available at the completion of the spectrum analysis.Note: The result of selecting infinity may be complete loss of contact to that radio and may require a physical visit to the radio location to disable the spectrum analyzer.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 832011-08-30red vertical box indicates that there was a signal at some point during the scan, but that the signal was not detected at the last scan. A graph displaying green on the lower part and red at the upper part indicates that at some time during the scan, a signal was detected at a higher level than was detected during the last scan.The last spectrum analyzer scan performed displays in this page until the radio is rebooted. You can do a screen capture for record keeping and for comparison to future analyses. The time and date of the analysis displays on the page, which is handy as a reference in a screen capture.

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios84 202675-0052011-08-30Reboot PageUse this page to reboot the radio. The function may never be required, but can be used in emergencies. All configurations that require a reboot automatically reboot on administrator confirmation. Figure 59 Reboot page

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 852011-08-30Manual PageThe manual (this document or the version that matches the installed firmware) is available within the GUI. Adobe Acrobat Reader 5.5 or higher is required (go to www.adobe.com to download Acrobat Reader). Click the Manual link to display the manual within the browser window. Once the manual displays, click the save button on the PDF toolbar to download the manual locally.Figure 60 Manual page

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios86 202675-0052011-08-30SpecificationsThis section presents specifications for the EX-i Series FDD digital microwave radios.Physical SpecificationsCommon System SpecificationsPhysical Configuration Single-piece Indoor Unit (IDU)Dimensions (H x W x D), (includes diplexers) 2RU: 3.5" x 17" x 16.5"/ 9 x 43.2 x 42cmWeight 17 lbs/8 kgOperating Temperature –40° +149°F /–40° to +65°CAltitude 15,000'/4.6 km Humidity 95% non-condensingTuning Resolution 5MHzPower Control Step Size 0.5dBSelectable Modulation Modes Mode 2 (16QAM), Mode 3 (64QAM); Mode 4 (128QAM)Selectable Channel Bandwidths 5MHz, 10MHz, 30MHzAggregate User CapacityError Floor 10-12Frequency Stability +7 ppmLink Security 96-bit Security CodeMbps Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 45 MHz N/A 46 5410 MHz N/A 92 10830MHzaa. Not all bandwidth and mode combinations are available on allradio models. Some radios may require specific software li-cense keys, which can be purchased from your authorized Ex-alt representative.185 284 328

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 872011-08-30EX-6i System Specifications (all models)Frequency Bands Lower 6: 5925–6425MHzUpper 6: 6525–6875MHzOutput Power Options +27dBm +30dBm+33dBm (software-keyed option on +30dBm model)Selectable Channel Bandwidths Lower 6: 5MHz, 10MHz, 30MHzUpper 6: 5MHz, 10MHzPower Control Range 20dB, 0.5dB stepsReceiver Threshold (BER=10-6)Maximum RSL –30dBm error-free(64QAM); –32dBm error-free (128QAM and 256QAM)Regulatory Compliance RF FCC Part 101. EMI FCC Part 15, RSS-210, EN 60 950-1, IEC 950-1, UL 60950-1, SRSP-305.9Emission Designator(s)dBm 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM5MHz –79 –76 –7310MHz –76 –73 –7030MHz –76 –73 –705MHz 5M0W7D10MHz 10M0W7D30MHz 30M0W7D

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios88 202675-0052011-08-30EX-11i System Specifications (all models)Frequency Bands 10700–11700MHzOutput Power Options +29dBm Selectable Channel Bandwidths 10MHz, 30MHz, 40MHzPower Control Range 20dB, 0.5dB stepsReceiver Threshold (BER=10-6)Maximum RSL –30dBm error-free(64QAM); –32dBm error-free (128QAM and 256QAM)Regulatory Compliance RF FCC Part 101. EMI FCC Part 15, RSS-210, EN 60 950-1, IEC 950-1, UL 60950-1, SRSP-305.9Emission Designator(s)dBm 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM5MHz –79 –76 –7310MHz –74 –71 –6830MHz –73 –70 –6710MHz 10M0W7D30MHz 30M0W7D40MHz 40M0W7D

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 892011-08-30InterfacesRFT1/E1 (up to x16)DS3 (In and Out – up to 4 pairs)OC3Ethernet (copper)Ethernet (SFP)Connector SMA-type femaleImpedance 50 OhmsConnector RJ-45 (RJ48C), femaleT1 Impedance 100 Ohms, balancedT1 Line Codes AMI, B8ZS, selectableT1 LBO Settings (in ft.) 0–133, 133–266, 266–399, 399–533, 533–655T1 Clocking Speed 1.544 MbpsT1 Compliance ANSI T1.102-1987; ITU-T; G.823; GR-49T-COREE1 Impedance 120 Ohms, balancedE1 Line Codes HDB3E1 Clocking Speed 2.048 MbpsE1 Compliance CEPT-1; G.703; ITU-T-G703Connector BNC, female (x2, In/Out)DS3 Impedance 75 Ohms, unbalancedDS3 Line Code B3ZSDS3 LBO Settings (in ft.) 0–133, 133–266, 266–399, 399–533, 533–655DS3 Clocking Speed 44.736 MbpsDS3 Compliance ANSI T1.102-1993; GR-499-COREConnector SFP, Single-mode LC TransceiverLine Code Binary Scrambled NRZ CMIClocking Speed 155.52MHzCompliance ITU-T G.957; G.703 GR-253-CORERxTx 1310 nm (Short Range 15km) Rx: –31 to -7dBm, Tx: –15 to 0dBm1310 nm (Long Range 40km) Rx: –35 to 0dBm, Tx: –5 to 0dBmConnectors RJ-45, female, auto-MDIXInterface Speed 10, 100, or 1000 MbpsDuplex Half, full, auto, selectableCompliance 802.3Connectors SFPInterface Speed 1000 Mbps

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios90 202675-0052011-08-30PROT (Protection)EXP (Expansion)Console (Serial)AlarmPower (x2)Compatible SFP ConnectorsThe following items have been tested and certified/screened for appropriate safety and EMI/RFI standards. All other SFP vendors and devices are likely compatible and compliant, but not specifically tested with the Exalt product.Duplex FullCompliance 802.3Connector RJ-45, femaleConnector RJ-45, femaleConnector 9-pin sub-D, femaleInterface Speed 9600 bpsCompliance EIA-574 DTE (RS-232)Connector 9-pin sub-D, femaleInputs (2) TTL/ClosureOutputs (2) Relay (Form C)Connector 3-pin barrier stripInput Voltage 20–60VDC, 8–4AConsumption <160W (<4A @ 48V, <8A @ 24V), 30 or 33dBm models<100W (2A @ 48V, 4A @ 24V), 25dBm modelVendor Model Number TypeAvago Technologies AFBR-5710ALZ Multi-Mode FiberAvago Technologies AFCT-5710ALZ Single-Mode FiberFinisar FCLF-8521-3 CopperFinisar FTLF-8519P2BTL Multi-Mode FiberFinisar FTLF1318P2BTL Single-Mode FiberFiberXon FTM-8012C-SLiG Multi-Mode FiberAvago Technologies ABCU-5710RZ Copper

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 912011-08-30Interface ConnectionsThis section provides the pin number assignment and wiring information for the connectors on the EX-i Series FDD radios. All connectors are shown as viewed from the radio front panel.T1/E1 ConnectionsThere are two orientations of T1/E1 connections. Channels 1 and 2 have the securing tab towards the top of the connector while Channels 3 and 4 have the securing tab towards the bottom of the connector. Figure 61 illustrates the pin orientation and functionality of these connectors.Figure 61 T1/E1 connectorsPin Function1 Tip Out (from radio)2 Ring Out (from radio)3 Ground4 Tip In (to radio)5 Ring In (to radio)6 Ground7 Unused8 Unused

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios92 202675-0052011-08-30Ethernet ConnectionsThere are two orientations of Ethernet connections. ETH1 has the securing tab towards the top of the connector while ETH2 has the securing tab towards the bottom of the connector. Figure 62 illustrates the pin orientation and functionality of these connectors.Figure 62 Ethernet connectors (ETH1 and ETH2)The Ethernet connections implement Auto-MDIX, and therefore either ‘straight’ or ‘crossover’ Ethernet cables can be used, independent of the wiring of the connected device.Pin Function1 Paired with Pin 22 Paired with Pin 13 Paired with Pin 64 Paired with Pin 55 Paired with Pin 46 Paired with Pin 37 Paired with Pin 88 Paired with Pin 7

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 932011-08-30Alarm ConnectorThe Alarm connector provides two alarm outputs that can be connected to external alarm collection equipment. The connector also allows connection of up to two external alarm sources, where the radio will report the status of these connections through the radio network management. Output alarm connections are ‘Form C’ style connections, performing alarm logic based on either Normally Opened (NO) or Normally Closed (NC) connections compared to a Common (C) pin. Input alarm connections can be TTL logic or NO/NC style relay closures.Figure 63 Alarm ConnectorAlarm Output 1 is in alarm any time that there is a traffic-impacting alarm condition (Major). Alarm Output 2 is in alarm any time that there is an alarm that is not traffic-impacting (Minor).The administrator can set the polarity of the alarm inputs.Pin Function1 Alarm Output 1 – NO2 Alarm Output 1 – NC3 Ground (for Alarm Inputs)4 Alarm Output 2 – NO5 Alarm Output 2 – NC6 Alarm Output 1 – Common7 Alarm Input 18 Alarm Input 29 Alarm Output 2 – Common

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios94 202675-0052011-08-30Console ConnectorThe Console connector provides a serial interface for the Command Line Interface (CLI) functions. Typically, a straight-through serial cable is used between a computer’s serial port and the Console connector.Figure 64 Console ConnectorPin Function1 Unused2 Tx (from radio)3 Rx (into radio)4 Unused5 Ground6 Unused7 Unused8 Unused9 Unused

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 952011-08-30DC Power ConnectorUse this connector to provide power to the radio. Pins are read left to right.Figure 65 DC Power connectorPin Function1Power Return (-)2 Ground3Power (+)

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios96 202675-0052011-08-30TroubleshootingThis section provides information regarding troubleshooting of common issues and alarms on these radios. Exalt Digital Microwave Radio systems are designed by Exalt’s expert engineers with extensive experience through multiple generations of microwave radio design. These new-generation systems contain extensive diagnostic tools, alarm indications, and troubleshooting aids. And, as compared to other systems in their class, are easier to install, maintain, and troubleshoot. The GUI provides information to aid in troubleshooting (see Diagnostic Charts Page).Contact Exalt Customer Care for further assistance with issues with your Exalt radio and with suggestions on how the radio and documentation can be improved.General PracticesTroubleshooting a microwave radio link can be a complex task. Approach troubleshooting as a process of elimination, and first determine which portions of the system are operating properly.In a vast majority of cases, failures or poor performance of microwave links is attributed to something other than the microwave radio hardware. In this respect, the back-to-back bench test (see Back-to-back Bench Testing) is very important to determine if radio hardware is operating properly and eliminate many variables in the troubleshooting process.If a back-to-back bench test fails, then the radio hardware is either broken or the radios are improperly configured. Upgrade the radio to the most current release of firmware, and/or reset the radio to its critical factory settings, following the quick start guide instructions and those in Configuration and Management, helps to confirm if configuration issues cause failure. The most common issues with microwave radio links are:•An improperly terminated antenna or transmission system•Multipath propagation•RF interference•Path obstruction•Misaligned antenna•Faulty antenna•Improper grounding•Insufficient link margin in the design/implementation•Moisture in the transmission system (antenna feed and/or RF cable)If the radio link has been operating without issues and is exhibiting new poor performance behavior or becomes completely inoperative, the troubleshooting process should pay close attention to any conditions that may have changed between the time when the system was working without issue and the time when the issues started. Also, it can be helpful to compare some performance parameters of the system before and after the presence of issues. Often the source of the issues can be determined by thoughtful consideration of changes, such as:•Changes in weather, including high winds•Changes made to the radio equipment, transmission system, or connected equipment•New radio systems or electronic equipment the nearby radio or transmission system

Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios202675-005 972011-08-30•New construction nearby either end of the link, or along the path•Tree growth, flooded fields, or changes in rivers/lakes along the pathVerify that configurations are set as follows:•Frequency pair matches (oppositely) at each end of the link•Mode (Modulation) matches at each end of the link•Bandwidth matches at each end of the link•Ethernet interfaces are enabled, as desired•Ethernet interfaces are selected for Traffic, Management, or Traffic plus Management, as desired•T1/E1 enabling matches at each end of the link•Link security key matches at each end of the linkAlso, use the ExaltCalc tool in the design phase to determine the optimum setting for the Bandwidth and TDD Frame Length parameters for the given link distance, and provides guidance to the expected RF link performance, as well as throughput, latency, and number of supported T1/E1 circuits.Typical Indications of IssuesIn many cases, microwave radio users do not notice changes or degradation to the radio system until the radio system fails completely or becomes highly errored or significantly intermittent. However, regular management of the radio system can help indicate changes in performance that have not yet impacted user performance, but may impact performance at a later date if left unchecked or unaddressed. The administrator can use this as an opportunity to be proactive and monitor the radio link performance regularly, watching for unexplained or unexpected changes in performance and trends in performance changes.Most importantly, monitoring radio system RSL over time indicates the performance of the radio system. Address any long-term drop in RSL and erratic or unsteady RSL. Some RSL changes are expected and weather patterns and the related multipath can cause dramatic RSL changes resulting in system outage. However, that outage should not occur at a significantly greater rate than the designed long-term performance. Consult the path design engineer for more information about link reliability expectations and anticipated RSL deviation.In addition, regular inspection of the transmission system (RF cables and antennas) and paying close attention to changes along the path, such as construction or tree height, or new microwave radio installations nearby, can be extremely helpful and proactive.When link performance is very poor, alarms on the radio front panel and within the radio’s management system indicates particular failures. Consult this manual for more information on the specific alarms and diagnostics, or contact Exalt Customer Care for assistance. Exalt Customer Care is primarily motivated to determine if the radio hardware is faulty and require return for repair, and to help execute an effective and efficient repair and return process for radio terminals believed to be faulty. However, Exalt Customer Care provides advice regarding the total radio system and RF path engineering and environment, and advises on troubleshooting. End users should first contact the installer and/or designer of the system. In many cases, an in-depth understanding of RF design is required, and on-site analysis and special test equipment, may be necessary. Compared to phone support from Exalt Customer Care, troubleshooting is much more expeditious if the professional installer and/or link designer examines the system and reviews the management information in the GUI. In turn, if the professional installer and/or link designer contacts

$Exalt Installation and Management GuideEX-i Series FDD Digital Microwave Radios98 202675-0052011-08-30Exalt Customer Care, the process to rectify the system is much more expedient due to the in-depth knowledge related to the implementation and the RF environment.Improper RF Cable TerminationImproper RF Cable termination is a common problem. In many cases, this is a problem that occurs during installation and is not a problem that suddenly appears. However, if cables are moved or flexed, especially near the termination points, and radio errors, changes in RSL or other performance issues occur, this is a sign of this issue. Another method to test for this condition is to decrease the output power of the radio system (at each end, one end at a time). Poor RF cable termination may be reflecting too much RF energy back into the radio system, and reducing output power reduces the reflected energy at a faster rate than the transmitted energy towards the far end. Be careful not to reduce the output power to the point where the radio’s threshold is reached. Typically, a reduction of just 3 to 6dB is enough to determine if this is the issue. If the reduction of output power clears the error condition, this is the likely cause.Use a reflectometer or meter that can read VSWR at the operating frequency to identify poor terminations as well as poor antenna feeds.Multipath PropagationMultipath propagation is a term that encompasses changes to the RF path, such as reflections and/or refraction, causing partial or complete destruction of the radio signal, and thus excessive bit errors and/or system outages. Rapid changes in temperature, inversion layers, humidity, air pressure, water evaporation, as well as standing water or moisture on objects along the path are all examples of changes that can cause multipath propagation. New building construction near either end of the path or along the path can cause new reflection characteristics.If your system has been operating without issue and is suddenly experiencing issues that are symptomatic of a certain time of day or related to change in climatic events or some of the external factors listed above, this is likely the cause. Consult a professional RF path engineer in these cases. Often, minor repositioning of the antennas at either or both ends can reduce or eliminate these problems.RF InterferenceRF interference is usually indicative of another radio system nearby either end of your radio system or aimed towards one or both ends of your radio system – usually at or near the same frequency and usually with a similar signal level. This is less common for licensed systems, but still can occur.Other forms of RF interference also exist, such as electronic equipment placed close to the radio chassis or transmitters that couple onto the cabling or grounding system of the radio. Microwave ovens and wireless communication devices used near the equipment or cabling are examples of electronic equipment interference.RF interference, like most other causes of problems, is indicated by significant bit errors and/or system outages.One means to determine presence of interference is the use of a Spectrum Analyzer that covers the same range as the radio system. A professional RF engineer can use a spectrum analyzer to locate Note: The Praxsym VSWR meter is an excellent tool for this purpose.$

Exalt Wireless 105P25P Ex-i Series 5.8GHz Radio Module User Manual

Exalt Communications Inc. Ex-i Series 5.8GHz Radio Module Users Manual

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