FreeWave Technologies 715712152112 2.4 - 2.4835 GHz Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual manual
FreeWave Technologies Inc. 2.4 - 2.4835 GHz Wireless Data Transceiver manual
manual
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
Global Transceiver Module (GXM)
Wireless Data Transceiver
User Manual
Version 1.0
FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
1880 South Flatiron Court
Boulder, CO 80301
(303) 444-3862
(303) 786-9948 Fax
www.FreeWave.com
LUM0031AA Version 1.0 i
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
SPREAD SPECTRUM WIRELESS DATA TRANSCEIVER USER MANUAL
WARRANTY
FreeWave Technologies warrants your FreeWave® Wireless Data Transceiver against defects in
materials and manufacturing for a period of two years from the date of shipment. In the event of a
Product failure due to materials or workmanship, FreeWave will, at its option, repair or replace the
Product. The Product must be returned to FreeWave upon receiving a Return Material Authorization
(RMA) for evaluation of Warranty Coverage.
In no event will FreeWave Technologies Inc., its suppliers, and its licensors be liable for any damages
arising from the use of or inability to use this Product. This includes business interruption, loss of
business information, or other loss which may arise from the use of this Product. Please be advised that
OEM customer’s warranty periods may vary.
Warranty Policy may not apply:
1. If Product repair, adjustments or parts replacements is required due to accident, neglect, unusual
physical, electrical or electromagnetic stress.
2. If Product is used outside of FreeWave specifications.
3. If Product has been modified, repaired or altered by Customer unless FreeWave specifically
authorized such alterations in each instance in writing. This includes the addition of conformal
coating.
Special Rate Replacement Option
A special rate replacement option is offered to non-warranty returns or upgrades. The option to purchase
the replacement unit at this special rate is only valid for that RMA. The special replacement rate option
expires if not exercised within 30 days of final disposition of RMA.
RESTRICTED RIGHTS
Any product names mentioned in this manual may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
respective companies and are hereby acknowledged.
Information in this manual is subject to change without notice and is proprietary and confidential to
FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
This manual is for use by purchasers and other authorized users of the FreeWave® Wireless Data
Transceiver only.
No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, or for any purpose without the express written permission of FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
FreeWave Spread Spectrum Wireless Data Transceivers are designed and manufactured in the United
States of America.
Printed in the United States of America.
Copyright © 2011 by FreeWave Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 2011.
LUM0031AA Version 1.0 ii
FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
1180 S Flatiron Ct Ste F
Boulder, CO 80501
(303) 381-9200
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
This product is licensed by The United States. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
Shipment or re-export of this product outside of The United States may require authorization by
the U.S. Bureau of Export Administration. Please contact FreeWave Technologies for assistance
and further information.
UL NOTIFICATION
Models GXM-T14, GXM-T24, GX-C, GX-T, GXM-MR-T, GXM-MR-R are suitable for use in Class 1, Division 2,
Groups A, B, C, and D or non-hazardous locations only. Input voltage for the above models is 3.3 – 5
volts DC.
FCC NOTIFICATIONS
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1) This
device may not cause harmful interference and 2) this device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.
This device must be operated as supplied by FreeWave Technologies, Inc. Any changes or modifications made to the
device without the express written approval of FreeWave Technologies may void the user's authority to operate the
device.
CAUTION: The GXM transceivers have a maximum transmitted output power of 500mW. It is recommended that
the transmit antenna be kept at least 20 cm away from nearby persons to satisfy FCC RF exposure
requirements.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of
the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed
and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, no
guarantee shall be made that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause
harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on,
the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Note: Whenever any FreeWave Technologies module is placed inside an enclosure a label must be placed on the
outside of that enclosure which includes the module's FCC ID.
IC NOTIFICATIONS
This device complies with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including
interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
Ce dispositif est conforme aux normes permis-exemptes du Canada RSS d'industrie. L'opération est sujette aux deux
conditions suivantes : (1) ce dispositif peut ne pas causer l'interférence, et (2) ce dispositif doit accepter n'importe
quelle interférence, y compris l'interférence qui peut causer le fonctionnement peu désiré du dispositif.
LUM0031AA Version 1.0 iii
FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
1180 S Flatiron Ct Ste F
Boulder, CO 80501
(303) 381-9200
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
Table of Contents
APPROVED ANTENNAS FOR USE WITH GXM FAMILY OF RADIOS.........................................................7
ABOUT FREEWAVE TRANSCEIVERS.................................................................................................................8
CHOOSING POINT-TO-POINT OR POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT OPERATION...............................................9
QUICK START ON A POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT NETWORK ........................................................................10
POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT OPERATION LED'S. ............................................................................................................10
QUICK START ON A POINT-TO-POINT NETWORK......................................................................................11
POINT-TO-POINT OPERATION LED’S........................................................................................................................11
CHOOSING A LOCATION FOR THE TRANSCEIVERS..................................................................................12
SETTING UP THE TRANSCEIVER USING HYPERTERMINAL ...................................................................13
ACCESSING HYPERTERMINAL’S SETUP MENU .........................................................................................................13
CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING FROM HYPERTERMINAL...................................................................................16
TROUBLESHOOTING HYPERTERMINAL .....................................................................................................................17
SETTING UP A TRANSCEIVER ...........................................................................................................................18
OPERATION MODE....................................................................................................................................................18
SET OPERATION MODE.............................................................................................................................................20
BAUD RATE..............................................................................................................................................................21
SET BAUD RATE .......................................................................................................................................................21
Modbus RTU Timing............................................................................................................................................23
EDIT CALL BOOK .....................................................................................................................................................24
Programming Point-to-Point Extended Call Book to Use Three or Four Repeaters ..........................................25
Programming Point-to-MultiPoint Call Book .....................................................................................................26
Programming Point-to-MultiPoint Extended Call Book .....................................................................................26
RADIO TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS ...............................................................................................................27
EDIT RADIO TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS .......................................................................................................27
FreqKey...............................................................................................................................................................27
(0) Hop Table Version .........................................................................................................................................28
(1) Hop Table Size...............................................................................................................................................28
(2) Hop Freq Offset .............................................................................................................................................28
(3) 2.4GHz Frequency Zone ................................................................................................................................28
(4) Government Rules..........................................................................................................................................30
(1) Max Packet Size and (2) Min Packet Size......................................................................................................30
(3) Xmit Rate........................................................................................................................................................32
(4) RF Data Rate .................................................................................................................................................32
(5) RF Xmit Power...............................................................................................................................................32
(6) Slave Security.................................................................................................................................................32
(7) RTS to CTS.....................................................................................................................................................32
(8) Retry Time Out...............................................................................................................................................33
(9) Lowpower Mode.............................................................................................................................................34
(A) High Noise.....................................................................................................................................................34
(B) MCU speed....................................................................................................................................................35
(C) Remote LED ..................................................................................................................................................35
SHOW RADIO STATISTICS .........................................................................................................................................36
Number of Disconnects........................................................................................................................................36
Antenna Reflected Power.....................................................................................................................................36
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FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
1180 S Flatiron Ct Ste F
Boulder, CO 80501
(303) 381-9200
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
LUM0031AA Version 1.0 v
FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
1180 S Flatiron Ct Ste F
Boulder, CO 80501
(303) 381-9200
Transmit Current (mA) ........................................................................................................................................37
Average Noise Level ............................................................................................................................................37
Average Signal Level...........................................................................................................................................37
Overall Rcv Rate (%)...........................................................................................................................................37
Radio Temperature..............................................................................................................................................37
MULTIPOINT PARAMETERS ......................................................................................................................................38
EDIT MULTIPOINT PARAMETERS..............................................................................................................................38
(0) Number Repeaters..........................................................................................................................................38
(1) Master Packet Repeat ....................................................................................................................................38
Master Packet Repeat in MultiPoint Networks with Repeaters...........................................................................39
(2) Max Slave Retry .............................................................................................................................................39
(3) Retry Odds .....................................................................................................................................................39
(4) DTR Connect..................................................................................................................................................40
(5) Repeater Frequency.......................................................................................................................................40
(6) Network ID.....................................................................................................................................................40
(8) MultiMaster Synch.........................................................................................................................................40
(9) 1 PPS Enable/Delay.......................................................................................................................................40
(A) Slave/Repeater...............................................................................................................................................41
(B) Diagnostics....................................................................................................................................................41
(C) Subnet ID.......................................................................................................................................................41
(D) Radio ID........................................................................................................................................................43
(E) Local Mode....................................................................................................................................................43
(G) Radio Name...................................................................................................................................................43
OVERLAPPING MULTIPOINT NETWORKS ..................................................................................................................44
PASSWORDS .............................................................................................................................................................44
Setting a Password ..............................................................................................................................................44
Changing a Password..........................................................................................................................................44
Disabling a Password..........................................................................................................................................45
TIME DIVISIBLE MULTIPLE ACCESS (TDMA) ..........................................................................................................45
ADDITIONAL SETTINGS ............................................................................................................................................45
Low Baud Rates...................................................................................................................................................45
Setup Timeout ......................................................................................................................................................45
FACTORY DEFAULT SETTINGS.........................................................................................................................46
EXAMPLES OF DATA COMMUNICATION LINKS .........................................................................................47
ADDITIONAL TRANSCEIVER INFORMATION...............................................................................................50
BOARD LEVEL PINOUT – MODEL #GXM-T14..........................................................................................................51
BOARD LEVEL PINOUT – MODEL #GXM-T24..........................................................................................................52
GXM SPECIFICATIONS .............................................................................................................................................53
GXM MECHANICAL DRAWING ................................................................................................................................54
FREEWAVE TECHNICAL SUPPORT .................................................................................................................55
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
Approved Antennas for use with GXM family of radios
The following antennas have been approved by the FCC for use with the GXM family of radios. Antennas
having a greater gain than those listed here MUST be approved separately by the FCC before use.
This radio transmitter (FreeWave Technologies GXM family) has been approved by Industry Canada to
operate with the antenna types listed below with the maximum permissible gain and required antenna
impedance for each antenna type indicated. Antenna types not included in this list, having a gain greater
than the maximum gain indicated for that type, are strictly prohibited for use with this device.
Cet émetteur radioélectrique (famille de GXM de FreeWave Technologies) a été approuvé par Industry
Canada pour fonctionner avec les types d'antenne énumérés ci-dessous avec le gain permis maximum et
l'impédance exigée d'antenne pour chaque type d'antenne indiqué. Des types d'antenne non inclus dans
cette liste, ayant un gain plus grand que le gain maximum indiqué pour ce type, sont strictement interdits
pour l'usage avec ce dispositif.
WaveLink Model # PRO2400-4
Type: Yagi
Nominal Gain (dBi) 4
Nominal Impedance: not spec’d
MaxRad Model # MUF24005
Type: Omni
Nominal Gain (dBi) 5
Nominal Impedance: 50 Ohms
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Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
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About FreeWave Transceivers
FreeWave transceivers operate in virtually any environment where data communications occur. The
radios act as data transmission devices, duplicating data in either a Point-to-Point mode (one data
transmitter to 1 data receiver) or Point-to-Multipoint mode (1 data transmitter to multiple data receivers).
FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
1180 S Flatiron Ct Ste F
Boulder, CO 80501
(303) 381-9200
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
LUM0031AA Version 1.0 9
Choosing Point-to-Point or Point-to-MultiPoint Operation
A Point-to-Point network is limited to one Master and one Slave transceiver. Up to 4 Repeaters may be
added to extend the reach of the network, but no other Master or Slave may be added.
In a Point-to-MultiPoint network (also referred to as MultiPoint network) the transceiver, designated as a
Master, is able to simultaneously communicate with numerous Slaves. In its simplest form, a MultiPoint
network functions with the Master broadcasting its messages to all Slaves and the Slaves responding to
the Master when given data by the device connected to the data port.
It is important to note the differences between Point-to-Point and MultiPoint networks. In a Point-to-Point
network all packets are acknowledged, whether sent from the Master to the Slave or from the Slave to the
Master. In a MultiPoint network, outbound packets from the Master or Repeater to Slaves or other
Repeaters are sent a set number of times determined by the user. The receiving transceiver, Slave or
Repeater, will accept the first packet received that passes the 32 bit CRC. However, the packet is not
acknowledged. On the return trip to the Master, all packets sent are acknowledged or retransmitted until
they are acknowledged. Therefore, the return link in a MultiPoint network is generally very robust.
Traditionally, a MultiPoint network is used in applications where data is collected from many instruments
and reported back to one central site. As such, the architecture of such a network is different from Point-
to-Point applications. The number of radios in a MultiPoint network is influenced by the following
parameters:
1. Size of the blocks of data. The longer the data blocks, the smaller the network capacity.
2. Baud rate.
3. The amount of contention between Slaves. Polled Slaves vs. timed Slaves.
4. Use of Repeaters. Using the Repeater setting in a MultiPoint network will decrease overall
network capacity by 50%.
For example, if the network will be polling Slaves once a day to retrieve sparse data, several hundred
Slaves could be configured to a single Master. However, if each Slave will be transmitting data at greater
levels, then fewer Slaves should be linked to the Master. The overall network will be closer to capacity
with fewer Slaves.
For examples and additional information on data communication links, see the section Examples
of Data Communication Links later in this document.
FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
1180 S Flatiron Ct Ste F
Boulder, CO 80501
(303) 381-9200
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
LUM0031AA Version 1.0 10
Quick Start on a Point-to-MultiPoint Network
The following is a quick start guide for setting up two transceivers in Point-to-MultiPoint mode. This mode allows for a
Master to communicate with several Repeaters and Slaves simultaneously.
1. Connect the transceiver to the serial port of a computer either through a serial cable or via the diagnostics
cable. Make sure to connect the radio to a power source (3.3 to 5 VDC).
2. Open up a Hyper Terminal session.
Use the following settings in connecting with hyper terminal
Connect to COMx (where 'x' is the number of the com port being used)
Set data rate to 19,200, data bits - 8, Parity- none, Stop bits – 1, Flow control – none.
3. Press the Setup button on the radio. If using the diagnostics cable, press Shift-U (capital U).
The three lights on the board should all turn green, indicating Setup mode.
The main menu will appear on the screen.
4. Press 0 to get into the Operation Mode menu.
Press 2 to set the radio as a point to MultiPoint Master.
OR, Press 3 to set the radio as a point to MultiPoint Slave.
Press Esc to get back to Main menu.
5. Press 1 in the main menu to view the Baud Rate.
The baud rate must be set to match the baud rate of the device to which the radio is to be attached.
Press Esc to get back to Main menu.
6. At the Main Menu, press 3.
Set FreqKey, Max Packet Size, Min Packet Size, RF Data rate identical on all radios in the network.
Note: Changing these values may help to eliminate interference from other FreeWave networks.
Press Esc to get back to Main menu.
7. At the Main Menu, press 5.
Set the Network ID value to any value between 1 and 4095, except 255.
Make sure this value is the same on every radio in the network.
Point-to-MultiPoint Operation LED's.
Master Slave Repeater
Condition Carrier Detect
(CD) Transmit
(TX) Clear to
Send (CTS) Carrier
Detect
(CD)
Transmit
(TX) Clear to
Send
(CTS)
Carrier
Detect
(CD)
Transmit
(TX) Clear to
Send (CTS)
Powered, not linked Solid red
bright Solid red
dim Off Solid red
bright Off Blinking
red Solid red
bright Off Blinking
red
Repeater and Slave
linked to Master, no data Solid red
bright Solid red
dim Off Solid
green Off * Solid red
bright Solid
green Solid red
dim * Solid red
bright
Repeater and Slave
linked to Master, Master
sending data to Slave
Solid red
bright Solid red
dim Off Solid
green Off * Solid red
bright Solid
green Solid red
dim * Solid red
bright
Repeater and Slave
linked to Master, Slave
sending data to Master
Solid green
RCV data
or Solid red
bright
Solid red
dim Intermittent
flash
redo
Solid
green Intermittent
flash
redo
* Solid red
bright Solid
green Solid red
bright * Solid red
bright
Master with diagnostics
program running Solid red
bright Solid red
dim Intermittent
flash
redo
Solid
green Intermittent
flash
redo
* Solid red
bright Solid
green Solid red
bright * Solid red
bright
* In an idle condition, Clear to Send LED will be solid red with a solid link, as the link weakens the Clear to Send
LED light on the Repeater and Slave will begin to flash.
FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
1180 S Flatiron Ct Ste F
Boulder, CO 80501
(303) 381-9200
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
LUM0031AA Version 1.0 11
Quick Start on a Point-to-Point Network
When purchased as a pair, the FreeWave® Wireless Data Transceivers are shipped from the factory pre-
configured with most of the settings to operate in Point-to-Point applications. To establish
communications between a pair of FreeWave Wireless Data Transceivers just received from the factory:
1. Connect the transceiver to the instrument with the data cable and also attach power.
2. Set the Modem mode in each transceiver. One should be set as a Point-to-Point Master (Mode
0) and the other set as a Point-to-Point Slave (Mode 1).
3. Set the baud rate on each transceiver to match the baud rate of the instrument to which it is
attached. Please note, when setting the transceiver's baud rate, its data port baud rate is set.
The baud rate does not have to be on the same setting for the two transceivers.
4. Edit the Call Book. Enter the Slave serial number in the Master’s Call Book. Enter the Master’s
Serial number in the Slave’s Call Book, or disable Slave Security (in the Slave).
5. Connect an antenna to each of the transceivers. Any unlicensed band FreeWave transceiver may
be operated without an antenna for bench-top testing without concern for damaging the product.
Noise potential may be reduced on the bench by lowering the Transmit power.
6. Shortly after both transceivers are plugged in, they should establish a communications link with
each other and the connection is complete. Using the table below, verify that the radios are
operating as expected.
Point-to-Point Operation LED’s
Master Slave Repeater
Condition Carrier
Detect
(CD)
Transmit
(TX) Clear to
Send (CTS) Carrier
Detect (CD) Transmit
(TX) Clear to
Send (CTS) Carrier
Detect
(CD)
Transmit
(TX) Clear to
Send (CTS)
Powered, no link Solid red
bright Solid red
bright Solid red
bright Solid red
bright Off Blinking red
Solid red
bright Off Blinking red
Linked, no
Repeater, sending
sparse data
Solid
green Intermittent
flash
redo
Intermittent
flash
redo
Solid
green Intermittent
flash
redo
Intermittent
flash
redo
n/a n/a n/a
Master calling
Slave through
Repeater
Solid red
bright Solid red
dim Solid red
bright Solid red
bright Off Blinking red
Solid red
bright Off Blinking red
Master linked to
Repeater, not to
Slave
Flashing
orange Solid red
dim Solid red
bright Solid red
bright Off Blinking red
Solid red
bright Solid red
dim Solid red
bright
Repeater linked to
Slave Solid
green Intermittent
flash
redo
Intermittent
flash
redo
Solid
green Intermittent
flash
redo
Intermittent
flash
redo
Solid
green Intermittent
flash
redo
Intermittent
flash
redo
Mode 6 - waiting
for ATD command Solid red
bright Off Blinking
red Solid red
bright Off Blinking red
n/a n/a n/a
Setup Mode Solid
green Solid
green Solid green Solid
green Solid
green Solid
green Solid
green Solid
green Solid
green
FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
1180 S Flatiron Ct Ste F
Boulder, CO 80501
(303) 381-9200
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
LUM0031AA Version 1.0 12
Choosing a Location for the Transceivers
Placement of the FreeWave transceiver is likely to have a significant impact on its performance. The key
to the overall robustness of the radio link is the height of the antenna. In general, FreeWave units with a
higher antenna placement will have a better communication link. In practice, the transceiver should be
placed away from computers, telephones, answering machines and other similar equipment. To improve
the data link, FreeWave Technologies offers directional and Omni directional antennas with cable lengths
ranging from 3 to 200 feet. When using an external antenna, placement of that antenna is critical to a
solid data link. Other antennas in close proximity are a potential source of interference; use the Radio
Statistics to help identify potential problems. The Show Radio Statistics page is found in option 4 in the
Main Menu. An adjustment as little as 2 feet in antenna placement can resolve some noise problems. In
extreme cases, such as when interference is due to a Pager or Cellular Telephone tower, the band pass
filters that FreeWave offers, may reduce this out-of-band noise.
FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
1180 S Flatiron Ct Ste F
Boulder, CO 80501
(303) 381-9200
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
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Setting up the Transceiver using HyperTerminal
Note: The terms Modem and Transceiver are used interchangeably in this manual and in the text of the
Setup menu. While the words have different meanings, the two terms should be treated as one
and the same when referring to FreeWave products.
Once the transceiver is powered and connected with the programming cable to the programming
computer, it can be programmed for use through HyperTerminal or a similar terminal window program.
The following describes how to set HyperTerminal to program the transceivers.
Accessing HyperTerminal’s Setup Menu
Note: The following screen shots are taken from a computer using Windows XP. The display may vary
slightly if using different operating systems.
1. Click on the Start button. A cascading menu appears. Select Programs, Accessories,
Communications and then HyperTerminal. A window appears similar to the following:
FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
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(303) 381-9200
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
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2. Double-click on the Hypertrm.exe icon. The following window appears.
3. In the Name text box, type in a descriptive name. Select an icon from the Icon selection box.
4. Click on the OK button. The following “Connect To” dialog box appears:
5. Select the connection type to be used from the Connect using drop-down menu. In most cases
the connection type will be either Direct to Com1 or Direct to Com2.
FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
1180 S Flatiron Ct Ste F
Boulder, CO 80501
(303) 381-9200
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
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6. Click on the OK button. The Properties dialog box appears for the selected connection type.
The following are the port settings which must be set for a proper connection:
Port Setting Menu Option to Select
Bits per second 19200
Data bits 8
Parity None
Stop bits 1
Flow control None
7. After selecting the appropriate menu items for each setting, click on the OK button. The following
HyperTerminal dialog box appears:
FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
1180 S Flatiron Ct Ste F
Boulder, CO 80501
(303) 381-9200
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
LUM0031AA Version 1.0 16
8. To connect HyperTerminal to the transceiver, briefly short Pin 2 of the 14-pin I/O port or Pin 8 of
the 24-pin I/O port on the FreeWave transceiver to ground. If connected to the diagnostics pins,
type U (Capital ‘U’) to invoke the Setup menu.
When Setup is invoked, the FreeWave Setup Main Menu will display in the HyperTerminal dialog
box. All three LED’s on the transceiver will light green and stay green as long as the
transceiver is in the Setup mode.
9. Save the HyperTerminal connection settings by selecting Save from the File menu.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Whenever a change is made to the HyperTerminal settings in an open terminal
session, the connection must be disconnected then reconnected before the
settings will take effect.
Connecting and Disconnecting from HyperTerminal
The HyperTerminal dialog box displays several icons in the toolbar. To reconnect to HyperTerminal, click
on the Disconnect icon, and then click on the Call icon to reconnect. If the settings have not
been saved they must be reselected when HyperTerminal reconnects to the transceiver.
FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
1180 S Flatiron Ct Ste F
Boulder, CO 80501
(303) 381-9200
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
LUM0031AA Version 1.0 17
Troubleshooting HyperTerminal
The following are some common issues encountered while using HyperTerminal.
1. Nothing appears on the screen after shorting the Interrupt pin (Pin 2 on the 14-pin
connector, pin 8 on the 24-pin connector) on the transceiver to ground.
This usually indicates one of two things; either the wrong COM port is selected or a null modem
RS-232 cable is being used. Follow the steps below to change the COM ports.
1. Click on the Disconnect button.
2. Select Properties from the File menu.
3. Click on the Connect To tab and verify that the correct Com port is selected.
4. Click on the OK button to close the Properties dialog box.
5. Click on the Call button.
6. Return the transceiver to Setup mode. The Setup menu screen should appear.
2. Gibberish appears on the screen after shorting the Interrupt pin (Pin 2 on the 14-pin
connector, pin 8 on the 24-pin connector) Pin 2 to ground.
This usually indicates a Baud Rate problem. Follow the steps below to change the Baud Rate.
Gibberish BEFORE the Setup button is pressed indicates Diagnostics is enabled and HyperTerminal
is connected to the Diagnostics pins..
1. Click on the Disconnect button.
2. Select Properties from the File menu.
3. Click on the Configure button.
4. Change the Baud Rate to 19200 and click on the OK button.
5. Click on the OK button to close the Properties dialog box.
6. Click on the Call button.
7. Return the transceiver to Setup mode. The Setup menu screen should appear.
3. The Setup menu appears on the screen, but nothing happens when keys on the keyboard
are pressed.
This usually indicates flow control is turned on in a three-wire connection (Rx, Tx & Gnd). Follow the
steps below if the connection uses a three-wire connection.
1. Click on the Disconnect button.
2. Select Properties from the File menu.
3. Click on the Configure button.
4. Change the Flow Control to None and click on the OK button.
5. Click on the OK button to close the Properties dialog box.
6. Click on the Call button.
7. Return the transceiver to Setup mode. The Setup menu screen should appear.
4. A connection exists, data is being received through HyperTerminal, and some data is
correct, but the remaining data is in unrecognizable characters.
This usually indicates a parity mismatch. To resolve this issue, ensure that the parity of the
transceiver and the parity of HyperTerminal are set the same. HyperTerminal’s parity settings are
under Properties and the FreeWave parity is found under the Baud Rate in the Setup mode.
1. Click on the Disconnect button.
2. Select Properties from the File menu.
3. Click on the Configure button.
4. Change the Parity to None and click on the OK button.
5. Click on the OK button to close the Properties dialog box.
6. Click on the Call button.
7. Return the transceiver to Setup mode. The Setup menu screen should appear.
For additional troubleshooting for HyperTerminal, call FreeWave Technical Support at (303) 381 9200.
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Setting up a Transceiver
Note: Once Setup mode has been invoked in HyperTerminal, the process of exiting Setup mode
involves pressing the Escape (Esc) key several times, allowing the transceiver to connect to the
network. Otherwise, cycling the power is the alternative way to exit Setup mode.
Note: Do not “hot plug” radios to cycle power as this may cause damage to the circuitry and render the
radio unusable.
Firmware version
Transceiver’s unique
serial number
Setup Menu Options
The following section describes in detail how to use all of the Setup menu options to edit the operational
parameters and view the performance data.
Operation Mode
The Operation Mode option designates the method FreeWave transceivers use to communicate with
each other. FreeWave transceivers operate in a Master to Slave configuration. Before the transceivers
can operate together, they must be set up to properly communicate.
In a Point-to-Point configuration, Master or Slave Mode may be used on either end of the communication
link without performance degradation. When setting up the transceiver, remember that a number of
parameters are controlled by the settings in the Master. Therefore, deploying the Master on the
communications end where it will be easier to access is advised, but not necessary.
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Operation Mode Description
Point-to-Point
Master (0) This mode designates the transceiver as the Master in Point-to-Point mode. The
Master may call any Slaves designated in its Call Book.
In Point-to-Point mode the Master determines the settings used for most of the
radio transmission characteristics, regardless of the settings in the Slave and/or
Repeaters. The settings not determined by the Master are: RF Xmit Power,
Slave Security, Retry Time Out, and the Hop Table settings.
Point-to-Point
Slave (1) This mode designates the transceiver as a Slave in Point-to-Point mode. The
Slave communicates with any Master in its Call Book—either directly or through
up to four Repeaters.
When functioning as a Slave, the Entry to Call feature in the transceiver’s Call
Book is not operational. The Call Book may be bypassed in the Slave by setting
Slave Security to 1. See the Slave Security section later in this manual.
Point–to-
MultiPoint Master
(2)
This mode designates the transceiver as a Master in MultiPoint mode. This
mode allows one Master transceiver to communicate simultaneously with
numerous Slaves and Repeaters.
A Point-to-MultiPoint Master communicates only with other transceivers
designated as Point-to-MultiPoint Slaves or Point-to-MultiPoint Repeaters.
Point-to-
MultiPoint Slave
(3)
This mode designates the transceiver as a Slave in MultiPoint mode. This mode
allows the Slave to communicate with a MultiPoint Master. The Slave may
communicate with its Master through one or more Repeaters.
Point-to-Point
Slave/Repeater
(4)
This mode designates the transceiver to act as either a Slave or Repeater—
depending on the instructions from the Master. The transceiver cannot act as
both a Slave and a Repeater at the same time. True Slave/Repeater functionality
is only available in a MultiPoint mode.
Note: Repeaters have no security features. When a transceiver is designated
a Point-to-Point Slave/Repeater, any Master may use it as a Repeater.
Point-to-Point
Repeater (5) FreeWave allows the use of up to four Repeaters in a Point-to-Point
communications link, significantly extending the operating range. When
designated as a Repeater, a transceiver behaves as a pass-through link. All
settings for the call book, baud rates and radio transmission characteristics are
disabled. A Repeater will connect with any Master that calls it. The Repeater
must be set up properly in the Master's call book.
Point-to-Point
Slave/Master
Switchable (6)
Mode 6 allows the transceiver to be controlled entirely through software
commands. A number of key parameters in the user interface may be changed
either directly (with a program such as HyperTerminal) or through the use of
script files. Additionally, when the Point-to-Point Slave/Master Switchable option
is selected and the transceiver is not calling a Slave, it will function as a Slave
and accept any appropriate calls from other transceivers. See Application note
#5476 “Mode 6” to use Mode 6.
Point-to-
MultiPoint
Repeater (7)
This option allows the transceiver to operate as a Repeater in a MultiPoint
network. See the MultiPoint parameters section for details on enabling
MultiPoint Slave/Repeater mode.
Mirrorbit
Master(A)
Mirorbit Slave (B)
See FreeWave Application note #5424 “SEL Mirrored Bits Comm” for information
on Mirrored Bit Communication.
Ethernet Options
(F) This menu is not utilized in the GXM.
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Set Operation Mode
1. Selecting 0 Set Operation Mode from the Main Menu displays the following window:
Current
Operation Mode
2. Select the appropriate operation mode by typing the associated number or letter after Enter
Choice.
3. When the selection is accepted, the Set Modem Mode menu will refresh and display the updated
mode.
4. Press the Esc key once to return to the Main Menu.
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Baud Rate
This setting is the communication rate between the transceiver and the instrument to which it is
connected. It is important to note that this is independent of the baud rate for the other transceiver(s) in
the network. For example, a pair of transceivers may be used in an application to send data from remote
process instrumentation to an engineer's computer. In this application, the baud rate for the transceiver
on the instrumentation might be set to 9600, and the transceiver on the engineer’s computer might be set
to 57,600.
Set Baud Rate
1. Selecting 1 Set Baud Rate from the Main Menu displays the following window.
Current
Baud Rate
2. Select the appropriate baud rate or option by typing in the associated number or letter after Enter
Choice. As this is the baud rate for the data port, it must match the baud rate of the device
attached to the transceiver.
3. When the selection is accepted, the Set Baud Rate menu will refresh and display the updated
mode.
4. Press the Esc key to return to the main Setup menu.
Note: The Setup Baud Rate will ALWAYS default to 19,200 Baud no matter what the data port Baud
Rate is set to. The only exception would be Mode 6, see Application Note #5476 “Mode 6” for
more information about Mode 6.
Note: With a Baud Rate setting of 38400 or higher, it is recommended that the Flow Control lines be
used. See the Board Level Pinout section (p. 51) for more information.
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Baud Rate Description
Actual Baud Rate
(selections 0-9) The actual baud rate for the transceiver’s data port.
It is desirable to set the baud rate to the highest level supported by the device to
which it is connected. With a poor radio link, however, this could result in slower
data communications.
Data, Parity (A) Six data word length and parity configurations are available to be used with
FreeWave transceivers. The default setting is 0 (8, N, 1) and is the most commonly
used serial communications protocol. When Data, Parity are selected from the
Baud Rate menu, a prompt to enter a value for Data, Parity displays. The following
describes each option:
Menu Setting Data Bits Parity Stop Bits
0 8 None 1
1 7 Even 1
2 7 Odd 1
3 8 None 2
4 8 Even 1
5 8 Odd 1
Modbus RTU (B)
Support for Modbus RTU protocol is available. The default setting for Modbus
RTU is 0 (Not Enabled).
To enable the Modbus RTU mode:
1. In the Set Baud Rate menu enter (B) and then select 1
Note: When using the transceiver in Modbus RTU mode, the Master Packet
Repeat setting must match in every radio, regardless of whether the
network is in Point-to-Point or MultiPoint mode.
Modbus RTU timing can be adjusted via this setting. See Modbus RTU Timing
(below) for more information
RS232/485 (C) In the GXM, this setting must be set to 0.
Setup Port (D) Note: DO NOT change this setting unless the correct programming cable is
available for the new setting.
This setting determines which port, Main or Diagnostics, is used to enter the Setup
Main Menu.
Menu Port Additional Information
1 Main Only The terminal is connected to the Main Data Port.
2 Diagnostics Only The terminal is connected to the Diagnostic Port.
3 Both Ports The terminal may be connected to either port.
Setup mode is invoked by sending a "U" (Shift-U) when connected to the
Diagnostics pins, or by briefly shorting Pin 2 on the I/O connector to ground.
The Main Data Port consists of the Data Rx (7), Data Tx (5), and Gnd (4 or 13)
pins. The Diagnostics port consists of the Diag Rx (11), Diag Tx (12), and Gnd (4
or 13) pins.
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TurnOn/OffDelay
(E) These settings are not utilized in the GXM.
FlowControl (F) This menu specifies the hardware flow control for the Data port. The options for 0-3
are described below.
Menu Port Additional Information
0 None Default – No flow control
1 RTS Uses Standard RTS/CTS control lines
2 DTR
3 DOT
MODBUS RTU TIMING
The Modbus RTU setting causes the radio to wait for an amount of time, “gathering” data before sending
that data out the radio link.
With a Modbus RTU setting of 0 (Disabled), the radio will send data out its radio link as soon as the data
is received into the serial port.
With a Modbus RTU setting of 1, the radio will wait for a number of slots equal to 2 times the Master
Packet Repeat setting before sending the received data out the radio link. For example, if Master Packet
Repeat = 3, the radio will wait for 6 slots, gathering data up the whole time. At the end of the 6 slots, the
radio will send all received data in one “burst”. This is the appropriate setting for most Modbus RTU
devices.
With a setting of 2 and higher, the radio will wait for a number of slots calculated by the following formula:
(Modbus RTU Setting + Master Packet Repeat Setting + 1) x 2
For example, in a radio where the Modbus RTU setting = 2 and the Master Packet Repeat setting = 3,
the radio will wait for “(2+3+1) x 2” slots, or 12 slots.
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Call Book
Use of the Call Book is required in Point-to-Point networks. While the call book is an option in Point-to-
MultiPoint networks, the Network ID feature is strongly recommended in most applications.
The instructions provided in this section are for Point-to-Point mode only. Use of the Call Book for
MultiPoint networks is explained later in this chapter.
Using the Call Book offers both security and flexibility in determining how FreeWave transceivers
communicate with each other.
Three settings must be made for two FreeWave transceivers to communicate in Point-to-Point mode:
1. The Master’s serial number must be listed in the Slave's Call Book or Slave Security is turned off
in the Slave.
2. The Slave’s serial number must be listed in the Master's Call Book.
3. The Master must be programmed to call the Slave.
The Call Book allows users to incorporate up to 10 FreeWave transceivers, designate 1 to 4 Repeaters to
be used with each transceiver, and designate which Slave the Master will call. To set the Entry to Call
option, enter C at the prompt, followed by the menu number corresponding to that Slave. To call any
available Slave in the list, enter C then enter A to direct the Master to Call All.
Note: To call a Slave through one or more Repeaters, that Slave must be called individually. With Call
All selected, the Master will not connect with any Slaves through Repeaters. The Master calls
every Slave in the list and will connect with the first Slave that responds. When calling through a
Repeater, the Master must first call that Repeater and establish a communication link with it prior
to making contact with the Slave.
Edit Call Book
1. Selecting 2 Call Book from the Main Menu displays the following window:
2. Select the appropriate number to edit by typing the associated line number at the cursor.
3. Enter New Number will appear. Enter the 7-digit serial number of the transceiver being called.
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4. The system will prompt for Repeater 1’s number. If no Repeaters are being used, press the Esc
key. (skip step 5) Otherwise, enter the 7-digit serial number of the Repeater.
5. The system will then prompt for Repeater 2’s number. Enter the 7-digit serial number of the
second Repeater. If only one Repeater is being used, press the Esc key.
6. The system refreshes the transceiver’s Call Book menu with the new changes.
7. Press the Esc key to return to the Main Menu.
Note: When entering numbers into the Call Book, Repeaters need only be defined in the Master Call
Book. The Slave Call Book only requires the Master’s Serial number. A repeater need not have
anything listed in its Call Book.
PROGRAMMING POINT-TO-POINT EXTENDED CALL BOOK TO USE THREE OR FOUR REPEATERS
In a Point-to-Point configuration FreeWave transceivers can utilize up to 4 Repeaters. To use 3 or 4
Repeaters, program the Call Book with the Slave’s serial number, followed by the first 2 Repeaters. On
the next line enter 999-9999 as the transceiver to call. When prompted for the Repeaters enter the third
and fourth Repeaters in the link.
The illustration below depicts a Point-to-Point link where a Slave is called through 4 Repeaters. In this
example the Master is calling the Slave, 571-3872, through Repeater 1, 901-1234, then Repeater 2, 910-
0234, then Repeater 3, 571-3456, and finally Repeater 4, 571-4567. Entering of serial number 999-9999
in line 1 instructs the Master to continue calling through the Repeaters programmed on that line.
It is important that the Call Book slots (0-9) are filled sequentially starting with slot 0. When a Master is
instructed to Call All, it will call all Slaves listed until it reaches the first serial number of 000-0000. If a
serial number is entered after the all zero number or as a Repeater, it will not be recognized as a valid
number by the Master.
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PROGRAMMING POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT CALL BOOK
In a MultiPoint network, the Slaves and Repeaters are not listed in the Master's Call Book. A Slave must
have the Master and any Repeater it is going to use in its Call Book.
Note: If the Network ID feature is used in a MultiPoint network, no entries are needed in the Call Book
of any of the transceivers. See the Network ID feature in the MultiPoint Parameters section.
The following example shows the Call Books of a MultiPoint network comprised of a Master, Repeater
and Slave in which the Slave can communicate either through the Repeater or directly to the Master:
MultiPoint Master Call Book (Unit Serial Number 900-0001)
Entry Number Repeater1 Repeater2
(0) 000-0000
(1) 000-0000
No serial number entries are necessary in the Master’s Call Book.
MultiPoint Repeater Call Book (Unit Serial Number 900-0002)
Entry Number Repeater1 Repeater2
(0) 900-0001
(1) 000-0000
MultiPoint Slave Call Book (Unit Serial Number 900-0003).
Entry Number Repeater1 Repeater2
(0) 900-0001
(1) 900-0002
(2) 000-0000
At times it may be desirable to force a Slave to go through a specific MultiPoint Repeater. In this scenario,
the Slave’s Call Book should contain only the serial number for that Repeater as the entry on line 0.
PROGRAMMING POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT EXTENDED CALL BOOK
In a MultiPoint network, a Slave can be programmed to roam between Masters and Repeaters using the
MultiPoint Extended Call Book function. A Slave with its Call Book configured as below will communicate
with any transceiver whose serial number appears in any of the three columns. This functionality is
enabled by setting Network ID to 255 then in the Call Book 999-9999 as the last entry in the first and
second columns, and Entry to Call to ALL.
Entr
y
to Call is ALL
Entries at the bottom of
the Number and
Repeater1 Columns are
999-9999
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Radio Transmission Characteristics
The Edit Radio Transmission Characteristics option allows the user to modify several different parameters
in the transceiver. Many of these parameters must be maintained throughout the network for proper
functionality.
Note: This menu is only for the sophisticated user who has a good understanding of the principles of
radio data transmission.
The settings for the Slave(s) and Repeater(s) not determined by the Master are RF Xmit Power, Slave
Security, Retry Time Out and Hop Table Size, Hop Table Version, and Hop Table Offset.
Edit Radio Transmission Characteristics
Selecting 3 Edit Radio Transmission Characteristics from the Main Menu displays the following window:
FREQKEY
Selection 0 in the Radio Parameters menu allows the user to modify the hopping patterns of the
transceiver. Fifteen choices are available for the FreqKey (0-9 and A-E) setting, representing 15 different
pseudo-random hop patterns. This is to minimize the interference with other FreeWave transceivers
operating in the area. For instance, if 10 pairs of FreeWave transceivers are operating on different
networks in close proximity, setting a different FreqKey value reduces the chance that transceivers will
hop to the same frequency at the same time. If two networks were to hop to the same frequency, the next
hop would be to a different frequency for both networks.
Additional network separation can be gained by adjusting the Max and Min packet sizes, options 1 and 2.
After selecting 0 FreqKey, select F for additional options. The Hop Table Parameters will appear in the
window. From this menu, more network differentiation can be defined by way of limiting the number and
location of frequencies the transceivers may hop on in the 2.4 – 2.483 GHz band.
Note: ALL transceivers in a network must have identical Hop Table settings to function properly.
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Available options
(0) HOP TABLE VERSION
Entry 0 allows the user to choose the portion of the band in which the transceiver will operate.
Selection Band
0 Entire band, 2.400 - 2.4835 GHz
1 Entire band, but offset frequencies from selection 0
2 Lower 1/3 rd of band
3 Middle of band
4 Upper one third of the band
5 2 outer 1/3rds of band, avoids the middle
(1) HOP TABLE SIZE
The Hop Table Size defines how many separate channels will be used by a given network. For 2.4GHz
networks, the Hop Table Size may be set from 50 to 80.
(2) HOP FREQ OFFSET
In the GXM, Hop Freq Offset allows the user to select an offset of 115.2 KHz, or 230.4 KHz higher than
the standard frequency selection. For example, if two networks are operating side by side, with one set to
Hop Freq Offset of 0 and the other to Frequency Offset of 1, the frequencies used in the different hopping
patterns will be offset by 115.2 KHz.
(3) 2.4GHZ FREQUENCY ZONE
Frequency Zone allows the user to select which portions of the band the network will use. Setting a zone
to 1 will include it in the hopping pattern, while setting the zone to 0 will exclude that zone. In MultiPoint
networks, this setting is only changed in the Master radio. In Point-to-Point networks, the Master and the
Slave must have matching Frequency Zone settings. Below is the frequency zone table displaying the
beginning frequency and ending frequency in each of the 16 zones.
Note: The following table reflects the usage of Frequency Offset 0. Utilizing Frequency Offset 1 or 2
would shift all frequencies by 115.2 or 230.4 kHz respectively.
By default, all Frequency Zones are ENABLED.
Note: The Hop Table Version must be set to 0 when using Frequency Zones. If another Hop Table
Version were to be selected, the limitations of that selection would be applied to the hopping
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pattern as well. For example, if Hop Table Version 3 were selected, only the middle of the band
would be available in the pattern. Then, if Frequency Zones 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 were set to 0 no
allowable frequencies would be available for the radio to use.
Binary Zone Number (LSB First) Beginning Freq. (MHz) Ending Freq. (MHz)
0 2400.6528 2405.4912
1 2405.8368 2410.6752
2 2411.0208 2415.8592
3 2416.2048 2421.0432
4 2421.3888 2426.2272
5 2426.5728 2431.4112
6 2431.7568 2436.5952
7 2436.9408 2441.7792
8 2442.1248 2446.9632
9 2447.3088 2452.1472
10 2452.4928 2457.3312
11 2457.6768 2462.5152
12 2462.8608 2467.6992
13 2468.0448 2472.8832
14 2473.2288 2478.0672
15 2478.4128 2483.2512
WARNING: To adhere to the EU specifications, it is necessary to use the proper frequency zone
combination based on the frequency offset. While using a frequency offset of zero, the first
zone (0) needs to be removed. Using frequency offsets of one or two, the last zone (15)
needs to be removed. See table below.
Frequency Offset Frequency Zone Requirements
0 0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
1 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx0
2 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx0
WARNING: FCC regulations require a minimum of 50 separate frequency channels be used within a
hop pattern. Using the Standard hop table, a minimum of 5 frequency zones are required for legal
communication.
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(4) GOVERNMENT RULES
This section allows the user to view the government rules settings with which the transceiver is set to
comply.
Setting Definition
0 FCC rules – Radio power output can be set to a maximum of 27 dBm (500 mW).
1 ETSI 328 – Radio power output can be set to a maximum of 20 dBm (100 mW).
For more information, contact FreeWave Technical Support at (303) 381-9200.
(1) MAX PACKET SIZE AND (2) MIN PACKET SIZE
The Max and Min Packet Size settings and the RF Data Rate determine the number of bytes in the
packets. Throughput can be enhanced when packet sizes are optimized. In Point-to-Point mode, the Max
and Min Packet Settings will not much material impact on throughput unless a port-to-port throughput of
115.2 KBaud is required. However, this may have an impact on latency. For example, if small amounts of
data are sent and large packet sizes are selected, a certain amount of time “wasted” between each
packet would be seen.
The following 3 tables provide the information to determine optimum setting values.
The default settings are: Max Packet Size = 8, Min Packet Size = 9, and RF Data Rate = 3.
The following table defines the Minimum packet size in bytes by way of charting the Min Packet Size
setting versus the RF Data Rate setting. Using the default settings, the actual minimum packet size, in
bytes, is 44.
Minimum Packet Size Definition
Min
Setting Min Packet Size
RF Data Rate = 2 Min Packet Size
RF Data Rate = 3
0 15 8
1 21 12
2 26 16
3 31 20
4 37 24
5 42 28
6 47 32
7 53 36
8 58 40
9 63 44
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The following table defines the Maximum packet size in bytes by way of charting the Min Packet Size
setting versus the Max Packet Size setting where the RF Data Rate is set to 2.
Maximum Packet Size Definition with RF Date Rate of 2
Max Setting
Min Setting 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 15 37 58 79 101 122 143 165 186 207
1 21 42 63 85 106 127 149 170 191 213
2 26 47 69 90 111 133 154 175 197 218
3 31 53 74 95 117 138 159 181 202 223
4 37 58 79 101 122 143 165 186 207 229
5 42 63 85 106 127 149 170 191 213 234
6 47 69 90 111 133 154 175 197 218 239
7 53 74 95 117 138 159 181 202 223 245
8 58 79 101 122 143 165 186 207 229 250
9 63 85 106 127 149 170 191 213 234 255
The following table defines the Maximum packet size in bytes by way of charting the Min Packet Size
setting versus the Max Packet Size setting where the RF Data Rate is set to 3. Using the default settings,
the actual maximum packet size, in bytes, is 172.
Maximum Packet Size Definition with RF Date Rate of 3
Max Setting
Min Setting 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 8 24 40 56 72 88 104 120 136 152
1 12 28 44 60 76 92 108 124 140 156
2 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160
3 20 36 52 68 84 100 116 132 148 164
4 24 40 56 72 88 104 120 136 152 168
5 28 44 60 76 92 108 124 140 156 172
6 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176
7 36 52 68 84 100 116 132 148 164 180
8 40 56 72 88 104 120 136 152 168 184
9 44 60 76 92 108 124 140 156 172 188
Referencing the default settings, the Master will transmit up to 172 bytes on every hop. If fewer than 172
bytes are transmitted, the balance is allocated to the Slave's transmission, plus the quantity in the Min
Packet Size Setting.
For example, if a Master transmits 100 bytes, the Slave will then have a total of 116 bytes available
(72(“leftover bytes”) + 44 (Min packet size)).
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(3) XMIT RATE
Two settings for the Transmit Rate parameter are available. The setting for normal operation of the
transceiver is a Transmit Rate 1. Transmit Rate 0 is useful to qualitatively gauge signal strength in Point
to Point mode. When set to Transmit Rate 0, the transceivers will transmit back and forth continuously,
even if no data is being applied to the serial port. A Transmit Rate setting of 0 should be used only as a
diagnostic tool and not for normal operation. The strength of the signal may be gauged by the Clear to
Send (CTS) LED. A solid red CTS LED indicates a strong signal; a blinking CTS LED indicates a weaker
signal.
(4) RF DATA RATE
FreeWave transceivers have two settings for the RF Data Rate (2, 3). RF Data Rate should not be
confused with the serial port Baud Rate. Setting 2 (RF Speed of 153.6kbps) should be used when the
transceivers are close together and data throughput needs to be optimized. Setting 3 (RF Speed of
115.2kbps) should be used when the transceivers are farther away and a solid data link is preferred over
data throughput.
Note: In MultiPoint networks, the RF Data Rate must be set identically in all transceivers. Any
transceiver with an RF Data Rate different from the Master will not establish a link.
In Point to Point networks the Master’s settings take precedence over the Slave.
(5) RF XMIT POWER
The RF Xmit power setting controls the output power of the radio. This setting ranges from 0 dBm (1 mW)
to 27 dBm (500 mW). For certain purposes, the radio can be hard-coded to a maximum output power of
20 dBm (100 mW). This is an option that can be set at the factory. In these cases, the RF Xmit Power
setting cannot be set higher than 20.
Output power notes:
The output power of the radio will be within 1 dBm of the setting, on average, at room
temperature.
At a setting of 10 dBm specifically, the output power will be within 1.5 dBm of the setting.
At settings lower than 10 dBm, the actual output power of the radio can vary further.
At a setting of 20 dBm, the radio is calibrated to output exactly 20 dBm (100 mW) across the
entire operating temperature range of the radio.
(6) SLAVE SECURITY
Slave security is a feature that allows Slave transceivers to accept transmissions from a Master not
included in the Call Book. The default setting is 0 (Slave Security enabled) which means, only a Master
which is in the Slaves’ Call Book may link to that Slave.
Slave Security may be disabled (setting of 1) allowing any Master to call the Slave. Slave Security has no
effect in Point-to-MultiPoint networks where the Network ID is not set to 255.
Slave Security must be set to 1 when the unit is operating in Mode 6 Slave/Master switchable or a Point-
to-Point network where the Slave may need to accept calls from more than 10 different Masters. When
Slave Security is set to 1, the transceiver will accept calls from any other FreeWave transceiver.
Additional network security measures may be taken to prevent unauthorized access, such as changing
default settings for FreqKey, Hop Table or Frequency Zones.
(7) RTS TO CTS
The RTS to CTS setting in the Radio Parameters menu provides the option of allowing the RTS line on
the Master transceiver to control the CTS line of the Slave. This pass-through control can be enabled in
both Point-to-Point and Point-to-MultiPoint. In MultiPoint networks, the Master RTS line will control all
Slaves’ CTS lines. When enabled, the CTS line ceases to function as flow control. It is not recommended
to enable this feature when operating at RS-232 speeds above 38.4kB.
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The default setting of 0 disables this function, where as a setting of 1 enables RTS-CTS control.
RTS-CTS setting 2 is described in detail in the application note #5437 “DTR to CTS Line Alarm Feature”.
With an RTS to CTS setting of 1, the Master senses the RTS line prior to all scheduled packet
transmissions. If the state has changed, the Master will then transmit a message to the Slave with the
new status. This transmission will occur regardless of data being sent. If data is ready to be sent, the
RTS status message will be sent in addition to the data. In Point-to-Point mode, the Master will continue
sending the new status message until it receives an acknowledgment from the Slave. In MultiPoint mode,
the Master will repeat the message the number of times equal to the Master Packet Repeat value in the
MultiPoint Parameters menu.
Master transmit times are completely asynchronous to the occurrence of any change of the RTS line; the
latency time from RTS to CTS is variable. The Max and Min Packet Size parameters in the Radio
Parameter menu determine this duration. Setting both parameters to their maximum value of 9 will
produce a maximum latency time of approximately 21 ms, given no Repeaters in the network. At the
minimum settings for Max and Min Packet Size (0), the time will be approximately 5.9ms. Please note that
this latency can increase significantly if packets are lost between the Master and Slave. In Point-to-
MultiPoint mode, no absolute guarantee is made that the state change will be communicated to all
Slaves. In Multipoint networks with Repeaters present, the latency will be cumulative for each serial
Repeater.
For example: If the latency between the Master and the first Repeater is 15 ms, and 2 serial Repeaters
are present, the total latency will be 45 ms. (M—R1 (15 ms) + R1—R2 (15 ms) + R2—S (15 ms) = 45 ms)
Note: The RTS to CTS feature does not function in Point-to-Point networks that contain a Repeater. If
this feature is needed in such network, the mode should be changed to Point-to-MultiPoint.
Note: If DTRConnect is enabled and set to 2, the RTS to CTS feature will not work.
Note: If the DTRConnect is enabled and set to 1, RTS to CTS mode takes precedence over the
functionality of the CTS line on the Slave relating to the DTRConnect feature.
Note: The RTS to CTS option is only available in RS232 mode.
(8) RETRY TIME OUT
The Retry Time Out parameter in a Slave or Repeater sets the delay the unit will wait before dropping the
connection to a Master or Repeater in MultiPoint mode. The factory default is set at the maximum of 255.
The maximum setting means that if 1 packet in 255 is sent successfully from the Master to the Slave or
Repeater, the link will be maintained. The minimum setting is 8. This allows a Slave or Repeater to drop a
connection if less than 1 in 8 consecutive packets is successfully received from the Master.
On the other hand, the function in the Master is effectively the same. With a setting of 255, the Master
will allow a Slave or Repeater to stay connected as long as 1 packet in 255 is successfully received at the
Master.
The Retry Time Out parameter is useful when a MultiPoint network has a roving Master or Slave(s). As
the link gets weaker, a lower setting will allow a poor link to break in search of a stronger one.
Note: Setting Retry Time Out to 20 is recommended in areas where several FreeWave networks exist.
This setting will allow Slaves and Repeaters to drop the connection if the link becomes too weak,
while at the same time prevent errant disconnects due to interference from neighboring networks.
While intended primarily for MultiPoint networks, the Retry Time Out parameter may also be modified in
Point-to-Point networks. However, the value in Point-to-Point mode should not be set to less than 151.
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(9) LOWPOWER MODE
The Lowpower Mode feature allows a MultiPoint Slave to consume less power. This is achieved primarily
by dimming the transceiver's LED’s. When set to 2 through 31, the transceiver will sleep between slots.
For example, at a setting of 2 the transceiver sleeps 1 out of 2 slots; at a setting of 3 the transceiver
sleeps 2 out of 3 slots, and so on.
The following table shows the changes at different Lowpower Mode settings. The actual current draw
depends on many factors. The table below gives only a qualitative indication of supply current savings. A
low number reduces latency and a high number reduces current consumption.
Current Draw Setting Description
0 Lowpower, disabled
1 LED’s dimmed, transceiver remains awake, transceiver is listening to the
Master’s transmissions on every slot, and transceiver’s data port is shut down
if the RTS line is deasserted (low). In this case, the transceiver needs to be
awakened before it will be able to send data to the Master.
2 LED’s dimmed, transceiver sleeps every other slot
3 LED’s dimmed, transceiver sleeps 2 of 3 slots
4-31 LED’s dimmed, transceiver sleeps the number of slots corresponding to the
setting. For example, with a setting of 31 the transceiver sleeps 30 of 31 slots.
More
Less
IMPORTANT NOTES
1. Lowpower Mode is used only in MultiPoint Slaves using serial protocol. Power savings occur only
when the Slave is linked. No power savings occur when the Slave is transmitting data. Lowpower
Mode is of little value when a Slave has a constant, high throughput. MCUSpeed must be set to
‘0’ and RF Data Rate must be set to ‘3’ for Lowpower Mode to operate properly.
2. Additional power savings may be realized when the Number Repeaters is set to 1.
3. To communicate to the data port of a transceiver that is in Lowpower Mode, the RTS line must be
held high to wake it up. The transceiver will wake up within approximately 20 milliseconds of
when RTS goes high.
4. If the RTS line on the Slave is held high, the transceiver will remain in normal operation
regardless of the Lowpower Mode setting. Once RTS is dropped the transceiver reverts to the
Lowpower Mode.
5. If the transceiver has the DTRConnect option set to 1 or 2 and if the Lowpower Mode enabled
(set to 1-31), the RTS line on the transceiver must be asserted for the ‘DTRConnect’ feature to
operate properly.
(A) HIGH NOISE
The High Noise Option is useful in determining if out of band interference is affecting a radio link. A
setting of 1 will provide a reduction of gain in the front end circuit thereby decreasing the affect of any out
of band noise. The results will be seen as a lower signal value and a much lower noise value (as found in
Radio Statistics or Diagnostics). If the noise is not reduced by a greater amount than the signal, the
interference is most likely an in band issue.
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When a noise problem is shown to be helped by way of the High Noise option, chances are that the noise
may be further squelched by use of a bandpass filter available for sale from FreeWave Technologies.
(B) MCU SPEED
MCU Speed controls the speed of the Micro Controller Unit in the transceiver. The default setting is 0 for
low speed. A setting of 1 is required for Ethernet and UDP operation.
The following table describes the MCU speed settings.
Setting Description Notes
0 Low speed Reduces current consumption
1 High speed Required for 230 KBaud and greater data port rate
(C) REMOTE LED
This setting, when enabled, outputs LED information through the Remote LED pins on the data port.
NOTE: This feature is only available with the 24-pin data interface.
Setting Description Notes
0 Board LED’s Default, only on board LED’s are enabled.
1 Board and Remote LED’s Onboard LED’s are enabled as well as
Remote LED’s through the Diagnostic port.
2 Remote LED’s
On board LED’s are disabled. Remote LED’s
are enabled through the Diagnostic port.
NOTE: When using Remote LED’s the center (TX) LED will not turn Green when in Setup mode. The
Green TX LED has no remote pinout.
NOTE: This feature may be used to save power in Multipoint Repeaters. By turning off the on-board
LED’s (setting = 2) the current consumption of the radio is reduced. To reduce current consumption in
Slaves, use the setting “Low Power = 1” (see p. 34). Low Power does not work with Multipoint Repeaters
because they are constantly transmitting. Remote LED drives the Diagnostic port which has a small
amount of current draw.
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Show Radio Statistics
Radio Statistics in the Main Menu allows the user to view data transmission statistics gathered by the
transceiver during the most recent session. This is valuable when the user needs to know the signal
strength and noise levels of the link. Statistics are gathered during each data link and are reset when the
next link begins. See display below.
NUMBER OF DISCONNECTS
Any time the link between the Master and the Slave is broken and the radios lose Carrier Detect, it is
recorded in the Number of Disconnects value. The value indicates the total number of disconnects that
have occurred from the time the transceiver is powered on until the radio is put into Setup mode. Under
ideal operating conditions, the number of disconnects should be 0. One or more disconnects may indicate
a weak link, the presence of severe interference problems or loss of power to any of the radios in the link.
ANTENNA REFLECTED POWER
This is a measurement of the transmitted power that is reflected back into the transceiver from
mismatched antennas or cables, or loose connections between the transceiver and antenna. A reading
of 0-5 is good; 5-20 is acceptable. Once the reading reads 20 or higher, this could be an indication that
the antenna cable connections should be inspected for loose connections and cable quality. A reading of
30 or higher indicates a definite problem in the system. The most likely reason for a higher Reflected
Power reading is a cable issue between the radio and the antenna: loose connections, cable kinks,
breaks in cable shielding, moisture in the fittings or connections, etc. Less commonly, a high Reflected
Power reading can indicate a hardware problem with the radio itself, such as a dmage RF connector.
Lastly, a high Reflected Power reading may indicate a problem with the antenna itself, although antenna
problems are the least likely indicator.
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TRANSMIT CURRENT (MA)
This measures the current draw of the transmitter in milliamps. Refer to Transceiver specs for typical
values.
AVERAGE NOISE LEVEL
The average noise level indicates the level of background noise and interference at this transceiver and
at each of the Repeaters in the link. The number is an average of the noise levels measured at each
frequency in the transceiver’s frequency hop table. The individual measurement values at each frequency
hop channel are shown in the frequency table. Pressing the Enter key when the Radio Statistics menu is
displayed, accesses the frequency table.
Ideally, noise levels should be below 70 J units and the difference between the average signal level and
average noise level should be 30 or more. Noise levels significantly higher than this are an indication of a
high level of interference that may degrade the performance of the link. High noise levels can often be
mitigated with band pass filters, antenna placement or antenna polarization.
AVERAGE SIGNAL LEVEL
The average signal level indicates the level of received signal at this transceiver and at each of the
Repeaters in the link. For each of these, the signal source is the transceiver that transmits to it. The
number is an average of the received signal levels measured at each frequency in the transceiver's
frequency hop table. The individual measurement values at each frequency hop channel are shown in the
frequency table. Pressing the Enter key when the Radio Statistics menu is displayed accesses the
frequency table. For a reliable link, the margin should be at least 30 J units. Low Average Signal Levels
can often be corrected with higher gain antennas, better antenna placement and/or additional Repeaters.
Note: Please consult the install manual for antenna and FCC requirements.
OVERALL RCV RATE (%)
The Overall Receive Rate measures the percentage of data packets that were successfully transmitted
from the Master to the Slave on the first attempt. A number of 75 or higher indicates a robust link that will
provide very good performance even at high data transmission rates. A number of 15 or lower indicates a
weak or marginal link that will provide lower data throughput. An Overall Receive Rate of 100% will
provide approximately 100 KBaud of bandwidth with an RF Data Rate setting of 3 and approximately 150
KBaud of bandwidth with an RF Data Rate of 2. These numbers are reduced approximately 50% if one or
more Repeaters are in the network.
RADIO TEMPERATURE
The Radio Temperature value is the current operating temperature of the transceiver in degrees Celsius.
For proper operation, a FreeWave transceiver must be in the temperature range of -40° to +85° C.
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MultiPoint Parameters
When installing MultiPoint networks it is important to do some up front planning. Unlike Point-to-Point
networks, a Point-to-MultiPoint network requires several parameters are set consistently on all
transceivers in the network. This includes RF data rate, Min and Max Packet Size, and FreqKey.
Note: If several independent MultiPoint networks are to be located in close proximity the planning
becomes more critical. In such cases, it becomes very important to include as much frequency
and time diversity as possible through use of different FreqKey, Min and Max Packet Size, and
Hop Table settings. In some instances the use of the MultiMaster Synch option may be required.
Edit MultiPoint Parameters
Selecting (5) Edit MultiPoint Parameters from the main menu displays the following window:
(0) NUMBER REPEATERS
In a MultiPoint network it is critical to transmission timing to configure this parameter correctly. The value
should be 0 if no Repeaters are in the network and 1 if any number of Repeaters are present. This
parameter is used only in the MultiPoint Master radio.
(1) MASTER PACKET REPEAT
In a Point-to-MultiPoint network, Slaves do not acknowledge transmissions from the Master. If Slaves did
acknowledge all data transmissions, in a large network, the Master would soon become overwhelmed
with acknowledgments from the Slaves. Without acknowledgements, 100% confidence every Slave has
received every packet cannot be met. To address this issue, the user may modify the Master Packet
Repeat setting, assigning a value between 0 (the packet is transmitted once) to 9 (the packet is
transmitted 10 times). For networks with solid RF links, this parameter should be set to a low value such
as 1 or 2. If a network has some weak or marginal links it should be set with higher values. If a Slave
receives a good packet from a Master more than once it will discard the repeated packets. Similarly, once
a MultiPoint Repeater receives a good packet from the Master, it will discard any further repeated
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packets. In turn, the Repeater will send the packet out to the next Repeater or Slaves the number of times
corresponding to its own Master Packet Repeat setting.
Increasing the Master Packet Repeat setting will increase the probability of a packet getting through, but
will also increase latency in the network because each packet from the Master or Repeater is being sent
multiple times. Therefore, it is important to find the optimal mix between network robustness, throughput,
and latency. In general, a setting of 2 to 3 will work well for most well designed networks.
Note: The Master Packet Repeat may be set to 0 if the user software is capable of, or requires
acknowledgment. In this case if a packet sent by the Master and not received by the Slave, the
user software will control the retries as needed.
MASTER PACKET REPEAT IN MULTIPOINT NETWORKS WITH REPEATERS
The Master Packet Repeat parameter must also be set in MultiPoint Repeaters since a Repeater will
appear as a Master to a Slave. Therefore, the Repeater will send the packet out the number of times
corresponding to its own Master Packet Repeat parameter. If this parameter is set improperly the
reliability of the overall network may be diminished. For example, if a Master's Master Packet Repeat
setting is 3, the link between the Master and Repeater should be robust. If the Repeater's Master Packet
Repeat is set to 0, this could cause marginal communications between the Repeater and the Slaves. The
Slaves communicating through this Repeater will only receive the initial packet from the Master with no
repeats. Therefore, if the packet is not received on the first try, the Slave will not respond as expected.
Note: The Master Packet Repeat setting in any MultiPoint Repeater must be less than or equal to the
Master’s setting.
(2) MAX SLAVE RETRY
The Max Slave Retry setting defines how many times (0 to 9) the Slave will attempt to retransmit a packet
to the Master before beginning to use a back-off algorithm (defined by the Retry Odds setting). Slave
retries will stop when an acknowledgement is received from the Master.
(3) RETRY ODDS
While packets transmitted from the Master to the Slaves in a MultiPoint network are not acknowledged,
packets transmitted from Slaves to the Master are. It is possible, that more than one Slave will attempt to
transmit to the Master at the same time. Therefore, it is important that a protocol exists to resolve
contention for the Master between Slaves. This is addressed through parameters (2) Max Slave Retry
and (3) Retry Odds. Once the Slave has unsuccessfully attempted to transmit the packet the number of
times specified in Max Slave Retry, it will attempt to transmit to the Master on a random basis. The Retry
Odds parameter determines the probability that the Slave will attempt to retransmit the packet to the
Master; a low setting will assign low odds to the Slave attempting to transmit. Conversely, a high setting
will assign higher odds. An example of how this parameter might be used would be when considering two
different Slaves in a MultiPoint network, one with a strong RF link and the other with a weak RF link to the
Master. It may be desirable to assign higher Retry Odds to the Slave with the weaker link to give it a
better chance of competing with the closer Slave(s) for the Master's attention.
When Retry Odds = 0, after the Slave has exhausted the number of retries set in the Max Slave Retry
parameter and still not gained the Master’s attention, the Slave’s data buffer will be purged. Retry Odds =
0 is the recommended setting for most networks.
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(4) DTR CONNECT
With the setting of 0 in the Slave, the transceiver will transmit when serial data is received. A setting of 1
will form a Point-to-Point link with the Master when the DTR line is high. With a setting of 2, the
transceiver will transmit in bursts. This mode is valuable when a network has many low data rate devices
and it is desirable to increase overall network capacity.
Note: If ‘DTRConnect’ is set to 1 and the ‘RTS to CTS’ function is enabled on the radio, then ‘RTS to
CTS’ takes precedence over ‘DTRConnect’.
Note: If ‘DTRConnect’ is set to ‘2’ and ‘RTS to CTS’ is enabled, then ‘RTS to CTS’ is ignored. The
transceiver has two separate transmit and receive user data buffers. For the FGR series radios,
these buffers are 2 Kbytes each. In case of a buffer overflow, the transceiver will output
unpredictable data.
(5) REPEATER FREQUENCY
Repeater Frequency must be set to a 1 in a Repeater when a FreqKey other than that of the Master is
desired. This condition occurs when parallel Repeaters in a network may have overlapping areas of
responsibility. The default setting of 0 causes the Repeater to use the FreqKey set in Menu 3.
Note: When Repeater Frequency is set to 0 and Subnets are not configured, the FreqKey setting in
each Slave must match the Master or Repeater acting as the Master for the transceiver.
(6) NETWORK ID
NetWork ID allows MultiPoint networks to be established without using the Call Book. The default setting
of 255 enables the Call Book. To enable NetWork ID the value must be set between 0 and 4095
(excluding 255). Since NetWork ID does not use serial numbers, MultiPoint Masters and Repeaters may
be replaced without reprogramming all of the Slaves in the network. Slaves will link with the first Master
or Repeater that it hears that has a matching NetWork ID. The Network ID function should be used in
conjunction with the SubNet ID feature (If necessary).
Without having the serial numbers in the Call Book, a Slave may establish communications with different
Masters, though not at the same time. This is very useful in mobile MultiPoint applications.
(8) MULTIMASTER SYNCH
MultiMaster Synch is reserved for applications, in both Point-to-Point and MultiPoint modes, with
concentrations of Master units where it is necessary to reduce interference between the Masters. Please
see application note #5412 “Synchronizing Collocated Masters” or contact FreeWave Technical support
for more information.
(9) 1 PPS ENABLE/DELAY
The 1 PPS Enable/Delay option allows the radio network to propagate a 1PPS signal from the Master to
all Slaves in a MultiPoint network. When this parameter is enabled a properly generated pulse applied on
the DTR line of the Master will provide a 1 PPS pulse on the CD line of any Slave in the network. To use
the 1 PPS Enable/Delay feature the steps outlined below must be followed:
1PPS Enable/Delay Setup:
1. The 1 PPS Enable/Delay parameter must be set to 0 in the Master.
2. The Master must have a 1 PPS pulse on the DTR pin.
3. The 1 PPS Enable/Delay parameter on the Slaves must be enabled. Slaves are calibrated at the
factory.
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Calibrating a Slave in 1PPS Enable/Delay mode
1. Trigger an oscilloscope on the 1 PPS pulse on the DTR line of the Master.
2. Monitor the CD line of the Slave.
3. If the timing on the Slave differs from the Master it may be adjusted via the value in the Slave's 1
PPS Enable/Delay parameter. The difference in time between each incremental integer value is
542.534nS. Changing the parameter to higher values decreases the Slave time delay and
changing the parameter to lower values increases the time delay.
When properly calibrated the CD line of a Slave radio will output a pulse that goes high for about 2mS in
synch with the 1 PPS pulse on the Master radio. The output on the Slave will occur within 20
microseconds of the input to the Master.
Note: When 1 PPS is enabled, the Master must have a 1 PPS pulse on its DTR pin, otherwise the RF
network will not function.
(A) SLAVE/REPEATER
The Slave/Repeater mode allows a transceiver in a MultiPoint network to switch between Slave and Repeater
functions. When in this mode, a transceiver will repeat any packets sent across the network as well as utilize
the data port. Thus, where one Repeater and one Slave may be required in another vendor’s network,
FreeWave networks require only one transceiver.
Note: To operate a transceiver as a MultiPoint Slave/Repeater, the operation mode must be set to (7)
MultiPoint Repeater and Slave/Repeater set to 1 in the MultiPoint Parameters menu.
(B) DIAGNOSTICS
This option provides diagnostics data to be viewed at the Master in parallel with application data. The
diagnostic program MUST be run from the Master transceiver. Diagnostics requires the following:
1. The Number Repeaters set to 1 and Diagnostics set to (1 to 128) in the Master.
2. A second computer or serial connection to run the diagnostics software.
3. A diagnostics cable. (Available from FreeWave Technologies.)
4. Diagnostics software. (Available on the User Manual and System Tools CD.)
For more information on Diagnostics, please contact FreeWave Technical Support at (303) 381-9200.
(C) SUBNET ID
The Subnet ID function only works in MultiPoint Networks utilizing the Network ID option. In a MultiPoint
Network, a Slave or Repeater will connect with the first Repeater or Master that it hears with the same
Network ID. However, where communications need to be forced to follow a specific path the Subnet ID is
quite useful. Subnet ID is particularly helpful to force two Repeaters in the same network to operate in series
rather than in parallel, or if desired, to force Slaves to communicate to a specific Repeater for load balancing
purposes. Two components exist with regard to the Subnet ID:
1. Rcv Subnet ID. This setting identifies which transceiver a Repeater or Slave will listen to.
2. Xmt Subnet ID. This setting identifies the ID on which this device transmits, and in turn which
devices will listen to it. The Xmt Subnet ID parameter is relevant for MultiPoint Masters and
Repeaters only.
The default (disable) setting for both Rcv and Xmt is F.
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Notes: A Master with firmware before x.40 will always transmit and receive on 0. With firmware of 2.40
and greater (900MHz) or 3.40 and greater (2.4GHz) the Master may be set to use alternate
Subnet ID values. Changing these settings on the Master is not recommended under normal
circumstances.
In some MultiPoint Networks, the FreqKey will be at the same setting for all transceivers. In other
networks, where parallel Repeaters are introduced, the FreqKey value will need to change. See
FreqKey and Repeater Frequency sections earlier in this manual for more information.
If both Rcv Subnet ID and Xmt Subnet ID are set to 0 the Subnet ID will show Roaming in the
menu. This setting will allow a mobile Slave to roam from subnet to subnet and possibly from
network to network.
This drawing depicts a Network in which Subnet ID’s are used to force communications. In this example,
Repeater1 must talk directly to the Master; Repeater2 must talk directly to Repeater1. Slaves 1, 2, and 3
are forced along the direction of the solid lines. Slave4 may link to the first Master or Repeater it hears.
The respective Subnet ID diagram and settings are shown below.
Subnet ID Settings
Transceiver Rcv Subnet ID Xmit Subnet ID Other Information
Master F F In firmware levels v2.34 and below, the Master uses 0,0.
Master 0-F 0-F
In firmware levels v2.40 and above, the Xmit Subnet ID
value may be set in the Master. The default settings (F,
F) actually use 0, 0. The Rcv Subnet ID on the Master
has no affect on the network.
Repeater1 0 1 A 0 will force the transceiver to link only to the Master.
Repeater2 1 2
Rcv SubnetID = 1 forces communication through
Repeater1. Repeater1 transmits on SubnetID 1.
Slave1 0 0 or F Rcv SubnetID = 0 forces communication through
Master.
Slave2 1 0 or F Rcv SubnetID = 1 forces communication through
Repeater1.
Slave3 2 0 or F Rcv SubnetID = 2 forces communication through
Repeater2.
Slave4 0 0
The 0, 0 setting allows the Slave to link with the first
Master or Repeater it hears with the correct NetWork ID.
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Note: With firmware x.40 and above, the Subnet ID default is F,F. A Multipoint Master with an F,F
Subnet ID will behave the same as if the Subnet ID was set to 0,0. A Multipoint Slave with a
Subnet ID of F,F will not roam from one repeater or network to the next, it will only link to a
Master or Repeater that has either a Transmit Subnet of 0 or an F,F Subnet ID.
(D) RADIO ID
Option (D) allows a transceiver to be designated with an arbitrary, user selectable, 4-digit number which
identifies the transceiver in diagnostics mode.
(E) LOCAL MODE
Option (E) allows the user to access an FGR2 or IM series Multi-point slave with a local master. This
Master is not the network master. This feature is only available with firmware versions 2.64 (FGR) and
3.64 (IM) or newer firmware. Please see Application note #5457 Local Mode for more information.
(G) RADIO NAME
Option (G) allows the user to set a unique 20 character Radio name.
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Overlapping MultiPoint Networks
Overlapping MultiPoint networks may be set up effectively with FreeWave transceivers when several key
parameters are set correctly. Overlapping MultiPoint networks are defined as networks using different
Masters which share or overlap in a specific geographic area. It may also include co-located transceivers
configured into different networks. See application note #5412 “Synch Colloc Master in Sync Mode” for
more details.
Co-located MultiPoint networks require the following parameters be unique for each network:
Network ID, unless using Call Book
Frequency Key (in conjunction with Repeater Frequency)
Max Packet Size
Min Packet Size
For more questions about the installation of Point-to-MultiPoint networks, please contact FreeWave
Technical Support at (303) 381-9200.
Passwords
Option (8) Change Password in the Main Menu allows the user to set a password that will prevent access
to or changing of any of the radio’s parameters. This option is useful if it is desirable to prevent
unauthorized personnel from gaining access to the radio settings.
NOTE: If the Setup Port option (see p. 22) is set to 1 (Main Only) or 3 (Both), the password will ONLY be
accepted if the menu is accessed from the main data port. To utilize the Password function via the
Diagnostics port, the Setup Port option MUST be set to 2 (Diag Only).
SETTING A PASSWORD
Selecting (8) Chg Password will display the following prompt.
New PW? (<esc> to exit)
To back out of the process and not enable the password press Esc. To set a password, type in exactly 4
characters. The process can be canceled, at any point, by pressing the Esc key. Once the 4 characters
have been entered the following prompt will appear:
<Enter> to accept,<esc> to quit
To accept the password as entered and enable the feature, press the Enter key. The chosen password
will be displayed on the line above. The password is case sensitive and every keystroke is a character.
To quit the process and not enable the password, press Esc.
CHANGING A PASSWORD
Once the password feature has been enabled, it is possible to change to a new password. To enter a new
password select, (8) from the Main Menu. At the Enter Security Code prompt enter, the current
password. Once the password has been entered correctly, the prompt to enter the new password will
appear. This is case sensitive and every keystroke is a character. At any point this process may be
cancelled by pressing Esc.
FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
1180 S Flatiron Ct Ste F
Boulder, CO 80501
(303) 381-9200
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
LUM0031AA Version 1.0 45
DISABLING A PASSWORD
The process to disable the password is similar to the process to change the password. However, when
prompted to enter the new password the follow the steps below:
1. Hold down the Alt key and type 0255.
2. Release the Alt key.
3. Repeat this step 3 more times (hold Alt and type 0255 a total of 4 times).
Important Note: If the password feature is enabled and the password is forgotten, the transceiver
will need to be returned to FreeWave to have the password disabled.
Important Note: The 0255 must be typed on the NUM Pad of the computer, not the top row of
numerals.
Time Divisible Multiple Access (TDMA)
Time Divisible Multiple Access (TDMA) allows radios to do various operations on specific time slots. This
option is only used for peer-to-peer communications or when applications are very time specific.
For additional information about TDMA, contact FreeWave Technical Support at (303) 381-9200.
Additional Settings
Some additional parameters are not shown in the Setup menu which may be used with FreeWave
transceivers. These additional parameters may be set with DOS based software. The most common
additional settings used by users are described below.
LOW BAUD RATES
The transceiver's data port baud rate may be set to 300, 600, or 900 baud.
SETUP TIMEOUT
When enabled, this mode invokes a timeout feature for the Setup Menu. If the transceiver goes into Setup
mode and does not receive legitimate menu selections within 3 to 5 seconds, it will exit Setup and resume
its previous mode.
For more information, contact FreeWave Technical Support at (303) 381-9200.
FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
1180 S Flatiron Ct Ste F
Boulder, CO 80501
(303) 381-9200
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
LUM0031AA Version 1.0 46
FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
1180 S Flatiron Ct Ste F
Boulder, CO 80501
(303) 381-9200
Factory Default Settings
FreeWave serial 900MHz transceivers are shipped from the factory with the following Default Settings:
Operation Mode Default
Point to Point Slave 1
Set Baud Rate Default
Baud Rate 115200
(A) Data Parity 0
(B) Modbus RTU 0
(C) RS232/485 0
(D) Setup Port 3
(E) TurnOffDelay/OnDelay 0/0
(F) Flow Control 0
Radio Parameters Default
(0) FREQ KEY 5
(0) HOP TABLE VERSION 0
(1) HOP TABLE SIZE 80
(2) HOP FREQ OFFSET 0
(3) Frequency Zone All 1’s (Enabled)
(4) Government Rules 0
(1) MAX PACKET SIZE 8
(2) MIN PACKET SIZE 9
(3) XMT RATE 1
(4) RF DATA RATE 3
(5) RF XMT POWER 20
(6) SLAVE SECURITY 0
(7) RTS TO CTS 0
(8) RETRY TIMEOUT 255
(9) LOW POWER MODE 0
(A) High Noise 0
(B) MCU Speed 0
(C) Remote LED 0
MultiPoint Parameters Default
(0) NUMBER OF REPEATERS 1
(1) MASTER PACKET
REPEAT 2
(2) MAX SLAVE RETRY 9
(3) RETRY ODDS 9
(4) DTR CONNECT 0
(5) REPEATER FREQUENCY 0
(6) NETWORK ID 255
(7) RESERVED -
(8) MULTI MASTER SYNC 0
(9) 1 PPS ENABLE DELAY 255
(A) SLAVE/REPEATER 0
(B) DIAGNOSTICS 0
(C) SUBNET ID “Disabled”
Rx ID F
Tx ID F
(D) RADIO ID Not Set
(E) Local Mode 0
(F) Radio Name “blank”
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
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Examples of Data Communication Links
FreeWave transceivers’ versatility allows data communication links to be established using a variety of
different configurations.
The example below shows the most common and straightforward link; a Master communicating to a Slave
in a Point-to-Point link.
The example below shows how a link might be set up using a Repeater. The Repeater may be located on
a hilltop or other elevated structure enhancing the link from the Master to the Slave. In this configuration,
it may be desirable to use an external Omni directional antenna at the Repeater. Yagi antennas may be
used at both the Master and Slave transceivers.
When a Repeater is used, the RF throughput is cut in half.
The example below shows a link with two Repeaters between the Master and Slave. With two Repeaters
more flexibility in getting around obstacles and greater total range is possible. Once again, it would be
desirable to use external Omni directional antennas with the Repeaters, and attaching a Yagi to the
Master and Slave to increase the range of the link.
When two Repeaters are used no further degradation in the RF throughput of the link is experienced.
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Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
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The example below shows a configuration where a Master routinely calls a number of Slaves at different
times. The Master is communicating with a transceiver designated as a Slave/Repeater that is connected
to a remote device. Since this device is placed in an elevated location, the transceiver may also be used
as a Repeater when it is not used as a Slave. At any time the Master may call any of the Slaves, establish
a connection, and send and receive data.
The next example depicts a standard Point-to-MultiPoint network. From the Master, any data is broadcast
to all three Slaves, one of which receives it through a MultiPoint Repeater. The data is in turn sent out of
the serial port of each of the three Slaves. The end device should be configured to interpret the serial
message and act on it if necessary.
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Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
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The last example is a Point-to-MultiPoint network which uses one of the sites as a Slave/Repeater. This
network functions in the same manner as a standard MultiPoint network with Repeaters. However, the
number of radios may be reduced with the use of the MultiPoint Slave/Repeater feature.
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Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
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Additional Transceiver information
This section contains additional important information about FreeWave transceivers. The following topics
are included in this section:
Board level pinouts for the 14-pin and 24-pin I/O ports
GXM Specifications
GXM board dimensional drawing
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Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
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Additional Transceiver information
Board Level Pinout – Model #GXM-T14
J1 - 14 pin, 2.00mm centers, Samtec TMM series, TMM-107-01-G-D-SM-options
Mates with Samtec CLT, SMM, MMS, SQT, ESQT, SQW, TLE, TCSD, TLSD series
Pin Input/Output Description Label
1 Input Power B+
2 Input Reset Interrupt
3 Input Data Terminal Ready DTR
4 Ground Ground GND
5 Output Transmitted Data TXD
6 Ground Ground GND
7 Input Received Data RXD
8 Output Carrier Detect CD
9 Input Request To Send RTS
10 Output Clear To Send CTS
11 Input Diagnostic Received Data Diag RX
12 Output Diagnostic Transmitted Data Diag TX
13 Ground Ground GND
14 Output Baud Clock Baud Clock
Note: See the following drawing for identification of pin numbers.
13 14
11
9
7
5
3
1
12
10
8
6
4
2
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(303) 381-9200
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Board Level Pinout – Model #GXM-T24
J1 - 24 pin, 2.00mm centers, Samtec TMM series, TMM-112-01-G-D-SM-A-M-TR
Mates with Samtec CLT, SMM, MMS, SQT, ESQT, SQW, TLE, TCSD, TLSD series
Pin Input/Output Description Label
1 Output Remote CD LED Red Anode
2 Output Remote CD LED Red Cathode
3 Output Remote TX LED Red Anode
4 Output Remote CTS LED Red Anode
5 Output Remote CTS LED Red Cathode
6 - Reserved
7 Input Power B+
8 Input Reset Interrupt
9 Input Data Terminal Ready DTR
10 Ground Ground GND
11 Output Transmitted Data TXD
12 Ground Ground GND
13 Input Received Data RXD
14 Output Carrier Detect CD
15 Input Request to Send RTS
16 Output Clear to Send CTS
17 Input Diagnostic Received Data Diag RX
18 Output Diagnostic Transmitted Data Diag TX
19 Ground Ground GND
20 Output Baud Clock Baud Clock
21 - Reserved
22 - Reserved
23 - Reserved
24 - Reserved
Note: See the following drawing for identification of pin numbers.
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GXM Specifications
Specification
Transmitter
Frequency Range 2400 – 2483 MHz ISM Band
Output Power 0 dBm (10 mW) to 27 dBm (500 mW) with option to limit to 20 dBm (100 mW)
Range – Line-of-sight 20 miles
Modulation 2 level GFSK
RF Data Rate Selectable speeds, 115.2 or 153.6 Kbps
Occupied Bandwidth 230 kHz
Hopping Patterns 15 per band, 105 total, user selectable
Hopping Channels 3 groups of 80
Hopping Bands 7, user selectable
Frequency Zones 16 zones
RF Connector MMCX
Receiver
Sensitivity -105 dBm @ 115.2 Kbps for BER 10-4
-102 dBm @ 153.6 Kbps for BER 10-4
IF Selectivity 20dB at fc +/- 345 kHz
Dynamic Range 0 dBm 3rd Order Intercept Point at Input Connector
Data Transmission
Error Detection 32 Bit CRC, retransmit on error
Data Encryption Proprietary Spread Spectrum Technology
Data Interface 1200 bps to 230.4 Kbps
Data Connector Straight 14-pin or 24-pin dual row header 2.0 mm spacing
Data Throughput 115.2 Kbps*
Power Requirements
Operating Voltage 3.3 to 5.0 VDC
Mode 3.3 VDC 5 VDC
Transmit 1200 mA 700 mA
Receive 165 mA 135 mA
Idle 35 mA 19 mA
Sleep 8 mA 6 mA
Current [mA]
Hibernate 0.5 mA 0.5 mA
General Information
Operating Temperature Range -40° C to +85° C (-40° F to +185° F)
Dimensions 50.8 mm L x 36 mm W x 9.6 mm H (2” L x 1.4” W x 0.38” H)
Weight 15 g (0.53 oz)
Humidity 0% to 95% non-condensing
* At 100% receive success rate. RF data rate setting of 2.
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FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
1180 S Flatiron Ct Ste F
GXM Mechanical Drawing
Boulder, CO 80501
(303) 381-9200
Global Transceiver Module (GXM) Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual
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FreeWave Technologies, Inc.
1180 S Flatiron Ct Ste F
Boulder, CO 80501
(303) 381-9200
FreeWave Technical Support
For up-to-date troubleshooting information check the Support page at www.FreeWave.com.
FreeWave provides Technical Support, Monday through Friday, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Mountain Time
(GMT -7) Call toll-free at 1-866-923-6168 or factory direct after hours at 303-381-9200 or email at
moreinfo@FreeWave.com