Futaba FRH-SD07TU RF Modem using digital modulation User Manual

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Document ID	251104
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Document Description	Users Manual
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Document Type	User Manual
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Date Submitted	2002-06-19 00:00:00
Date Available	2002-06-18 00:00:00
Creation Date	2002-05-13 09:20:46
Producing Software	Acrobat Distiller 4.05 for Windows
Document Lastmod	2002-06-07 15:50:22
Document Title	Users Manual

WIRELESS DATA COMMUNICATION MODEM
FRH-SD07TU (US Version)
FRH-SD07TB (EU Version)
Ultra Low Power Consumption
Wireless Modem with Serial Interface
Instruction Manual
Futaba Corporation
Industrial Radio Control
Page i
I Notice
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules and with ETS 300 440 of the European
Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI). Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must
accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital
device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial
environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if
not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is
likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the
interference at his own expense.
Any unauthorized changes or modifications to this device not expressly approved by Futaba
Corporation could void the user’s authority to operate the device and possibly result in
damage to the equipment and/or cause serious or fatal injuries to the operator or nearby
personnel.
This device is intended to be installed and used in accordance with the instructions contained
in this manual. Failure to comply with these instructions could void the user’s authority to
operate the device and possibly result in damage to the equipment and/or cause serious or
fatal injuries to the operator or nearby personnel.
[Especially for users in Europe]
FRH-SD07TB, European version can be used in the following countries: Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands and United Kingdom (the
Czech Republic and Hungary with limitation, see below).
In France and Spain, usable frequency is limited by its country’s regulatory authority. See
p.35 FREQUENCY GROUPING for the frequency usage limitation.
Belgium does not authorize FRH-SD07TB itself. FRH-SD07TB must be fitted into the final
product, then tested to Radio, EMC and safety requirements. A notification will be only
accepted for the final product then.
Users in the Czech Republic and Hungary can use FRH-SD07TB modem, but it has some
limitation for operation. Please contact local regulatory authority to obtain details before
attempt to use FRH-SD07TB modem in that countries.
Futaba Corporation
Rev. 020510-01
Page ii
FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
II Important Safety Information
The list of dangers, warnings and cautions in this section contain important information that
will help ensure safe operation of the system. Please read carefully and understand all of
these items. All installers, operators and maintenance personnel should read and understand
this information before installation, use, or maintenance of the FRH-SD07TU/TB system.
The FRH-SD07TU/TB system by itself is not inherently dangerous. HOWEVER, WHEN
THE FRH-SD07TU/TB IS CONNECTED TO OTHER EQUIPMENT FOR THE
PURPOSE OF CONTROL, SAFETY AND ALL POSSIBLE ASSOCIATED
DANGERS MUST ALWAYS BE GIVEN THE UTMOST CONSIDERATION
DURING SYSTEM INTEGRATION, DESIGN, INSTALLATION, AND USE.
The FRH-SD07TU/TB system may be used in virtually unlimited applications. Many of
these associated systems can, by themselves, pose a mechanical, electrical or other hazard to
operators and other persons or equipment. To address all possible applications and associated
safety hazards in this manual would be impossible. The warnings below and throughout this
manual give information that will allow safe installation and use the modem system
applications. If you have questions regarding the safety of your specific application, please
contact the appropriate people for help. Your Futaba sales representative, representatives of
the equipment being controlled, and the technical support staff at local branch of Futaba
Corporation are among those who can provide assistance with your safety concerns.
The following warnings are included in the lists that follow but warrant repetition here:
In installations where the FRH-SD07TU/TB system is used to control motion or operation of
potentially dangerous equipment, it is imperative for safety that all operators and installers be
thoroughly trained in the normal function of that equipment before attempting to control it
remotely with the FRH-SD07TU/TB system.
To help ensure safe operation of the equipment, the FRH-SD07TU/TB system must be
connected so that it will operate in a fail-safe way. In other words, the equipment being
controlled should stop or return to its safest state in the absence of a control signal or total
loss of RF transmission from the FRH-SD07TU/TB system. Our system uses one of the most
reliable methods available to transmit data using radio signals. Many factors can affect a
radio signal that may block it or interfere enough to disrupt regular transmission. Because of
this, equipment motion or dangerous electrical current, for example, that continues during a
loss-of-signal condition could be very dangerous.
Rev. 020510-01
Page iii
Four symbols are used in the margin of the following section and throughout the manual to
indicate the level of hazard or information listed.
The symbols are defined as follows:
Indicates a hazard that will cause severe personal injury, death, or
substantial property damage if the warning is ignored.
Indicates a hazard that can cause severe personal injury, death, or
substantial property damage if the warning is ignored.
Indicates a hazard that will or can cause minor personal injury, or
property damage if the warning is ignored.
Indicates installation, operation, or maintenance information that is
important but not hazard-related.
Please read the following safety information carefully. Some of these notices are duplicated
throughout the manual, in areas of associated content, for your benefit.
II.I General Safety Hazards and Notes
Improper installation and/or operation of the FRH-SD07TU/TB
system can cause serious or fatal injuries to the operator or nearby
persons and cause damage to the FRH-SD07TU/TB system, and any
equipment it is used to control. Please read and understand this manual
completely and the manual of all equipment being controlled before
attempting to operate or install this system.
Always keep this manual at a location readily accessible to anyone
operating the system and related equipment. Ensure that all operators
have read and understood this manual, especially all safety and
operation procedures contained in it. Please refer to the section in this
manual titled How to Obtain Help for the contact that can supply
additional manuals or answers to questions not covered in this manual.
If this product is passed on to a different user, be sure that this manual
accompanies the product.
Futaba Corporation
Rev. 020510-01
Page iv
FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
Be certain that the installer of this equipment reads and understands
the instruction manual of the equipment that is being connecting to
before attempting this installation.
The FRH-SD07TU/TB modem should NOT be used in a manner in
which failure of the product or loss of the radio signal could cause
damage to the equipment being controlled, or to anything in the area in
which such equipment is located. All integrated control systems
should be designed for “fail-safe” operation so that a temporary or
permanent loss of signal will not endanger any person, critical process,
or equipment (refer to the beginning of the safety section for further
explanation). The system design should ensure that the equipment
being controlled will default to its safest state in the event of signal
loss.
The FRH-SD07TU/TB modem contains no user serviceable parts. If
the unit requires service, contact your sales representative or local
branch of Futaba Corporation per instructions the section titled How
To Obtain Help. Do not disassemble or attempt to repair the FRHSD07TU/TB yourself. Doing so could void your warranty and may
void the user’s authority to operate the device.
Contact Futaba before using the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem in safety
critical applications such as medical equipment, aircraft, hazardous
materials handling, etc.
II.II Installation Safety Hazards and Notes
When mounting the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem, use M2 (ISO) screws
that project 2 to 3 mm into the modem. Screws that project further into
the modem (3.5mm MAX) may permanently damage the internal
components and/or cause the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem to
malfunction.
Use only the proper regulated DC voltage supplied to the FRHSD07TU/TB modem. Use of any other voltage may permanently
damage the modem and/or cause the modem to malfunction and create
a shock or fire hazard.
Be certain that all AC power outlets used the power adapters have
been properly installed, grounded, and fused. An electrical shock
Rev. 020510-01
Page v
hazard may exist if this unit is powered by a faulty power outlet or
source. If such a situation is discovered, immediately discontinue use
until the power source and outlet have been properly installed,
grounded, and fused by an electrician or other authorized person.
Be sure to wire the power and serial connections correctly. Incorrect
wiring can damage the system, cause it to malfunction and/or create a
shock and fire hazard.
Ensure that the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem power and the power to the
equipment to be controlled is turned off before connecting or
disconnecting the cable between them. This will help prevent
accidental damage to the system and unexpected operation and/or
injury.
Be sure the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem power, the power to the
equipment that is being connecting to it, and the DC power source are
all turned off before wiring and connecting the power cable.
Be sure that the supplied power is within the specified range (2.7 to
3.3 VDC). Voltages outside the specified range may damage the FRHSD07TU/TB modem.
Be sure that the power source has sufficient current capacity.
Insufficient current may cause the unit to malfunction.
Securely attach the antenna cable, and serial communication connector
to the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem and equipment/power source to
which it is connected. Failure to do so could cause an unexpected
system failure.
II.III Antenna Installation Hazards and Notes
Be sure to keep all systems and antennas clear of power lines.
Permanent equipment damage and severe shock injury or death can
occur if the system contacts power lines.
Contact Futaba before connecting any antenna not provided by Futaba
specifically for the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem. Attaching any nonauthorized antenna may be in violation of FCC regulations.
Futaba Corporation
Rev. 020510-01
Page vi
FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
When using two antennas with a single FRH-SD07TU/TB modem for
diversity reception, mount the antennas as far apart as possible (6 cm
minimum). If the antennas are too close, the diversity advantage will
not be achieved.
Before each use, verify that the antenna (and antenna cable, if used) is
securely attached and in good condition. A loose antenna or cable may
severely reduce the operating range of the system.
When installing the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem in a mobile unit such
as an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV), Futaba recommends to use
the diversity reception feature as a remedy for multipath fading
problems. For diversity reception, install the two antennas as far apart
as possible in order to gain maximum benefit (6 cm minimum).
The FRH-SD07TU/TB operates at frequencies in the 2.4 GHz band.
These frequencies are more directional than lower frequencies and are
easily reflected. If there are metal structures nearby, the effective
range may be shortened or the directional properties may be further
narrowed. To help avoid this, mount the antenna as far away as
possible from surrounding metallic structures.
Multipath problems occur easily at frequencies in the 2.4 GHz band.
When multipath problems are present, moving the antenna as little as
10 cm may result in improved communication or, conversely,
worsened or complete loss of communication. Futaba recommends
that the mounting position of the antenna be determined after testing
and verifying optimal communication conditions. Negative multipath
effects can also be overcome with antenna diversity. See p.12
DIVERSITY ANTENNA SETUP and the related register settings for more
details regarding antenna diversity function.
When installing multiple FRH-SD07TU/TB modem systems that will
use different frequency groups in the same area, modem’s antennas of
different frequency groups must be mounted at least 6 feet (2 meters)
apart. Failure to do so may severely reduce the modem operating range.
Please contact Futaba for information about antenna separation when
using the FRH-SD07TU/TB and other wireless products in the same
area.
Rev. 020510-01
Page vii
II.IV Environmental Safety Hazards and Notes
If the FRH-SD07TB/TU modem has been stored at a temperature
beyond the specified operating temperature range for the system, it
may not function properly. Allow it to return to normal temperatures
before use. Refer to APPENDIX A – TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS for
the actual operating temperature range.
The FRH-SD07TB/TU modem is a precision electronic device with a
rugged design that is intended for industrial applications. However, do
not install it where it will encounter excessive vibrations. In some
cases, isolation mounts may be used to isolate the modem from the
equipment’s vibration. Excessive vibration can permanently damage
the modem and/or cause it to malfunction.
Do not operate the FRH-SD07TB/TU modem in environments where
it will be subjected to excessive moisture (such as rain or water spray),
dust, oil, or other foreign matter (such as metal particles). Doing so
may permanently damage the modem and/or cause it to malfunction. If
it does become wet or contaminated, correct the situation, verify
proper operation and have any problems corrected before using it to
control other equipment. If necessary, the modem can be mounted
inside a protective or waterproof enclosure. If the enclosure is metallic,
the antenna must be mounted externally or the effective operating
range will be severely limited.
The FRH-SD07TU/TB is designed for indoor use. When using it
outdoors, the modem should be mounted in a waterproof enclosure
and the ambient temperature range should be checked to insure that it
is within the modem’s specifications. Always use the modem within
its specified environmental ranges.
II.V Other Notice
Italicized gothic word used in this manual shows functional and
technical term especially important for the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem.
Futaba Corporation
Rev. 020510-01
Page viii
FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
Operational Safety Hazards and Notes
Before each use of the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem, ensure that the area
where the equipment will be operated is clear of people or obstacles
that may affect its safe operation.
Before each use of the FRH-SD07TB/TU modem, verify that both the
equipment being controlled and the modem are in proper operating
condition.
When rewriting the FRH-SD07TB/TU modem’s memory registers, do
not turn the modem’s power off until the modem returns a “P0”
response. If the power is interrupted before a P0 response is returned,
the memory contents may be lost or corrupted and the modem
operation will be unpredictable. If the memory contents are lost or
corrupted, they may be restored to original default settings by
reinitializing them. (See p.44 Memory REGISTER INITIALIZATION for
more details.)
Do not attempt to operate remotely controlled equipment outside the
communication range of the FRH-SD07TU/TB system. Doing so
could cause loss of control of the equipment.
Without implementing proper serial communication flow control
settings, the baud rate between the modem and its terminal equipment
(wire linked) can exceed the wireless link data rate and cause the
modem buffer to overflow. This can result in malfunction of the
systems being controlled and/or data corruption. Ensure that the
appropriate flow control settings are being used for your upper layer
application protocol.
Rev. 020510-01
Page ix
III System Identification
For future reference, please take a moment to fill in the information below. This information
will help us respond as quickly as possible should your FRH-SD07TU/TB modem ever need
repair or replacement.
Model Name and Number:
FRH-SD07TU or FRH-SD07TB
Serial Number:
Date of Purchase:
Distributor Name:
Distributor Address:
Distributor Phone Number:
Futaba Corporation
Rev. 020510-01
Page x
FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
IV Limited Warranty
FUTABA WARRANTS ONLY THAT THE INDUSTRIAL RADIO CONTROL SYSTEM
GOODS OR PRODUCTS FURNISHED HEREWITH SHALL BE FREE FROM DEFECTS
IN MATERIAL AND WORKMANSHIP UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS OF USE AND
SERVICE FOR A PERIOD OF ONE (1) YEAR FROM THE DATE OF SALE TO THE
PURCHASER WHO IS THE FIRST BUYER OF THE GOODS FOR USE OR
CONSUMPTION AND NOT FOR RESALE OTHER THAN AS A COMPONENT OF
ANOTHER PRODUCT MANUFACTURED FOR SALE BY SUCH PURCHASER
(“CONSUMER”). FUTABA’S LIABILITY, WHETHER BASED ON BREACH OF
WARRANTY OR NEGLIGENCE, SHALL BE LIMITED, AT FUTABA’S ELECTION,
TO REPLACEMENT OR REPAIR OF ANY SUCH NONCONFORMING GOODS, F.O.B.
FUTABA’S U.S.A. PLANT, OR, AT FUTABA’S ELECTION, CREDIT FOR THE NET
PURCHASE PRICE OF SUCH GOODS. ALL CLAIMS HEREUNDER MUST BE MADE
IN WRITING DURING THE WARRANTY PERIOD, AND FUTABA SHALL HAVE
THE RIGHT PRIOR TO ANY RETURN OF GOODS TO INSPECT ANY GOODS
CLAIMED TO BE NONCONFORMING, AND IN ANY EVENT RESERVES THE
RIGHT TO REJECT CLAIMS NOT COVERED BY WARRANTY. THIS LIMITED
WARRANTY CONSTITUTES FUTABA’S SOLE WARRANTY. FUTABA MAKES NO
OTHER WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND EXPRESSLY
DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. FUTABA’S WARRANTY SHALL NOT APPLY IF,
AMONG OTHER LIMITATIONS CONTAINED HEREIN OR FURNISHED WITH THE
PRODUCT, BUYER, OR CONSUMER, OR ANY USER OF THE PRODUCT (A)
ALTERS SUCH PRODUCT, OR (B) REPLACES ANY PART OF SUCH PRODUCT
WITH ANY PART OR PARTS NOT FURNISHED BY FUTABA FOR THAT PURPOSE,
OR IF, AMONG SUCH OTHER LIMITATIONS, PRODUCT FAILS TO OPERATE
PROPERLY OR IS DAMAGED DUE TO ATTACHMENTS OR COMPONENTS THAT
ARE NOT FURNISHED BY FUTABA FOR USE WITH OR REPAIR OF THE PRODUCT
UNLESS SUCH USE IS AUTHORIZED IN WRITING IN ADVANCE BY FUTABA.
THIS LIMITED WARRANTY EXTENDS ONLY TO THE CONSUMER AND IS NOT
ASSIGNABLE OR TRANSFERABLE. This limited warranty shall not apply to fuses, lamps,
batteries, or other items that are expendable by nature, unless otherwise expressly provided.
This limited warranty does not cover any defect or damage to any of the goods caused by or
attributable to force, accident, misuse, abuse, faulty installation, improper maintenance,
improper electrical current, failure to install or operate in accordance with Futaba’s written
instructions, repair or alteration by unauthorized persons, or leaking batteries. THE GOODS
ARE SENSITIVE ELECTRONIC DEVICES REQUIRING SPECIAL HANDLING,
AND THIS LIMITED WARRANTY DOES NOT APPLY TO PRODUCTS NOT
HANDLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH INSTRUCTIONS SET FORTH IN THE
MANUAL.
Rev. 020510-01
Page xi
THIS LIMITED WARRANTY DOES NOT COVER INDUSTRIAL RADIO
CONTROL PRODUCTS PURCHASED OR USED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED
STATES WITHOUT FUTABA’S PRIOR APPROVAL.
V Returns
Futaba’s authorization must be obtained prior to return of any item for warranty or other
repair or replacement or credit and will reflect Futaba’s warranty service procedure.
Consumer’s warranty rights are governed by the terms of Futaba’s Limited Warranty, as
above described. Products returned for warranty repair or replacement or credit must be
carefully and securely packed for return, preferably in the original carton or equivalent. The
Consumer must also include in the carton a legible copy of the bill of sale or invoice which
shows the date of sale and the original Buyer’s and Consumer’s names, and also a letter
which gives the Consumer’s return address and contact telephone number, the model and
serial numbers of the product(s) returned, and a brief explanation of the problem or claimed
defect. Any returned products that are replaced by Futaba shall become the property of
Futaba. If after inspection Futaba determines the defect is not covered by its limited warranty,
Futaba will notify Consumer of its determination and will not undertake any repairs or
product replacement until Consumer agrees to pay for all necessary parts and materials, labor
(to be charged at Futaba’s standard repair rate then in effect), and other expenses including
all shipping charges and insurance. Futaba reserves the right to retain possession of any
product returned by Consumer because of defects not covered by Futaba’s warranty until
Futaba receives Consumer’s agreement as above noted or, if Consumer wants the product
returned without repair or replacement, Consumer reimburses Futaba for all shipping and
handling charges incurred by Futaba. Issuance of credit for returned items shall be made at
Futaba’s unfettered discretion. Consumer will not be entitled to return defective goods for
cash refunds. Consumer must inspect goods immediately and no rejection or revocation of
acceptance shall be permitted more than ten (10) days after delivery to, or first use by,
Consumer of the goods, whichever occurs first.
VI Patents – Copyrights – Trademarks – Proprietary Rights
If this product was manufactured according to designs or processes specified by Consumer,
Consumer shall indemnify and save Futaba, its affiliates, officers, agents, and employees,
harmless from any expense, loss, attorneys’ fees, costs, damages, or liability which may be
incurred as a result of actual or alleged infringement of patent, copyright, or trademark rights.
Furnishing of these products does not convey a license, implied or otherwise, under any
patent, copyright, or trademark right in which Futaba has an interest, nor does it convey
rights to trade secrets or any other proprietary information of Futaba.
VII Limitation of Damages and Action
IN NO EVENT SHALL FUTABA BE LIABLE TO CONSUMER, OR ANY OTHER
PERSON FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR SPECIAL DAMAGES
RESULTING FROM THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THIS PRODUCT,
Futaba Corporation
Rev. 020510-01
Page xii
FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
WHETHER ARISING FROM BREACH OF WARRANTY OR NEGLIGENCE OF
FUTABA, OR OTHERWISE. Any action hereunder must be commenced within one (1)
year of accrual of cause of action or be barred and forever waived. No modification or
alteration of Futaba’s Limited Warranty or any other provision of this paragraph or the above
paragraphs shall result from Futaba’s acknowledgment of any purchase order, shipment of
goods, or other affirmative action by Futaba toward performance following receipt of any
purchase order, shipping order, or other form containing provisions, terms, or conditions in
addition to or in conflict or inconsistent with any such provisions.
Rev. 020510-01
Page xiii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
SYSTEM INSTALLATION ...................................................................................7
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
COMMAND SET DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................... 80
ADVANCED APPLICATIONS .........................................................................117
7.1
7.2
7.3
MEMORY REGISTER DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................ 60
COMMAND SET DESCRIPTION.......................................................................79
6.1
FUNCTION CONTROL METHODS ................................................................................................ 42
COMMUNICATION METHODS ..................................................................................................... 47
MEMORY REGISTER DESCRIPTION ..............................................................59
5.1
OPERATION MODES ................................................................................................................. 18
PACKET TRANSMISSION MODE.................................................................................................. 20
POWER DOWN MODE ............................................................................................................... 33
FREQUENCY GROUPING ........................................................................................................... 35
FUNCTION CONTROL METHODS ...................................................................41
4.1
4.2
W IRELESS MODEM INSTALLATION ............................................................................................... 8
COMMUNICATION CABLE CONNECTION ........................................................................................ 9
POWER SUPPLY PRECAUTIONS ................................................................................................. 10
ANTENNA CONNECTION ............................................................................................................ 11
OTHER INSTALLATION PRECAUTIONS ........................................................................................ 12
SYSTEM OPERATION ......................................................................................17
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
SPECIAL FEATURES.................................................................................................................... 2
HOW TO OBTAIN HELP ............................................................................................................... 3
STARTER KIT ............................................................................................................................. 4
OPTIONAL PARTS ....................................................................................................................... 4
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................. 5
HEADERLESS PACKET TRANSMISSION MODE ........................................................................... 118
DIRECT TRANSMISSION MODE ................................................................................................ 127
ULTRA MODE ....................................................................................................................... 135
APPENDIX.......................................................................................................143
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11
INTERFACE......................................................................................................................... 144
CONVERSION CIRCUIT ............................................................................................................ 148
SPECIFICATION OF THE CONNECTORS ..................................................................................... 150
AUXILIARY INTERFACE ............................................................................................................ 151
PREVENTING UNDESIRED RADIO CONNECTION ........................................................................ 157
OPERATION IMPORTANT NOTICE................................................................................... 158
Q & A ................................................................................................................................... 161
TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................................................................... 163
SPECIFICATION ...................................................................................................................... 165
DIMENSIONS....................................................................................................................... 167
GLOSSARY OF TERMS.................................................................................................. 169
Futaba Corporation
Rev. 020510-01
Page xiv
FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
Rev. 020510-01
Page 1
SECTION
INTRODUCTION
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
SPECIAL FEATURES ............................................................................................................................ 2
HOW TO OBTAIN HELP ....................................................................................................................... 3
STARTER KIT...................................................................................................................................... 4
OPTIONAL PARTS ............................................................................................................................... 4
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................... 5
Futaba Corporation
Rev. 020510-01
Page 2
FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
1.1 Special Features
The following list highlights some of the special features of the FRH-SD07TU/TB. For more
complete system specifications please refer to p.165 SPECIFICATIONS.
• Approved under FCC Part 15.247 rules (TU version) and under the European ETS 300 440
standard (TB version) -- no special user license required
• Operating range greater than 1000 feet, line-of-sight -- configurable as a repeater for
extended range of application service area
• Ultra low power consumption. 35mA (Maximum) is achieved at the full-rate operation mode
retaining almost same function and performance in the conventional FRH series radio.
• Newly developed doze waiting reception, ULTRA (Ultra Low-power Transient Radio
Access) mode is implemented to the modem. It enables 2mA current consumption
(average) in the mode.
• 2.4 GHz Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) communication system provides
unsurpassed immunity to interference and RF noise
• Diversity receiving function is employed, which is practically invulnerable to multipath
fading
• Fast switching Time-Division-Duplex (TDD) provides virtual full-duplex communication
between terminal equipments at rates up to 115.2 kbps
• 54 user selectable frequencies allow up to 54 independent networks to operate
simultaneously in the same area
• Single fixed frequency communication or multi-access communication (automatic selection
of an vacant frequency from a defined group of frequencies) allows the user to select the best
frequency use for the application
• Supports 1:1, 1:n, and n:m wireless network topology
• Serial communication interface allows direct connection to a micro controller chip. By
converting its level by the external interface circuit, conformable to RS232C, RS422 and
RS485
• Small size allows easy integration with many systems (1.97" x 1.18" x 0.31" / 50 x 30 x 8
mm)
• Supply voltage range is DC voltage in 2.7 to 3.3 V DC
• Communication can be made with other FRH series modems such as 03TU, 04TU and 06TU.
Rev. 020510-01
Page 3
1.2 How To Obtain Help
Please contact your local sales representative or local branch of Futaba Corporation at the address
shown below for help with the following:
• Application information regarding the FRH-SD07TU/TB or other Futaba products
• Technical assistance or training
• Answers to safety questions and issues
• Additional manuals or other documentation
• Repair or service
• Comments regarding the product or this manual
Japan
Futaba Corporation
Radio Control Equipment Group
1080 Yabutsuka, Chosei,
Chiba, 299-4395 JAPAN
Tel: +81 (475) 32-6173, Fax: +81(475) 32-6179
Internet: www.futaba.co.jp
United States
Futaba Corporation of America
Industrial Radio Control Department
1605 Penny Lane
Schaumburg, IL 60173
Tel: +1(847) 884-1444, Fax: +1(847) 884-1635
Internet: www.futaba.com
Europe
PENDING
When requesting repairs, please provide as much detail as possible regarding the failure and its
cause or symptoms. Doing so will help our service department find the problem quickly, resulting
in a shorter repair time.
CAUTION
Futaba Corporation
The FRH-SD07TU/TB modem contains no user serviceable parts. If the
unit requires service, contact your sales representative or local branch of
Futaba Corporation as per instructed in this section. Do not disassemble or
attempt to repair the modem yourself. Doing so could void your warranty
and may void the user’s authority to operate the device.
Rev. 020510-01
Page 4
FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
1.3 Starter Kit
The FRH-SD07TU/TB sales policy is a bulk shipment. However, we prepared the starter kit for
an engineering evaluation and test. Below is the content of the starter kit. A content of the kit is
subject to change without notice.
Part Description
Part Number
Quantity
FRH-SD07TU Wireless Modem
or
FRH-SD07TB Wireless Modem
RS232C Interface Board
Communication Cable
Simple Flat Antenna
Startup Floppy Disk
FRHSD07T02
FRHSD07T03
1M38A14901
1M38A15001
1.4 Optional Parts
In addition to the basic system, the following accessories are available (Please refer to APPENDIX
A and B for more detailed information).
Description
Part Number
Communication Cable
Simple Flat Antenna
1M38A14901
1M38A15001
For information on obtaining spare parts or accessories, contact your local branch of Futaba
Corporation or the distributor from whom the system was purchased.
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1.5 Physical Description
Please review the following section and take a moment to familiarize yourself with the FRHSD07TU/TB wireless modem.
AUX Terminal
Antenna Terminal A
Serial
Communication
Connector
Antenna Terminal B
Mounting Hole
Figure 1–1: Upper View (TU example)
Bottom Mounting Hole
Figure 1–2: Bottom View
(1)
Serial Communication Connector
This is a connector to communicate to external terminal equipment (DTE; Data Terminal
Equipment) and connect serial communication cable. Also controlling functions such as
hardware reset and RS232C/RS485 selecting pins are available. Signal is CMOS level. Add
level conversion circuit when level conversion is required.
(2)
Antenna Terminal A
Connect Antenna. Install antennas provided by Futaba. If you install single antenna, Antenna
should be installed to this Terminal A.
(3)
Antenna Terminal B
This terminal is for diversity reception function. Install second antenna to the terminal B.
(4)
AUX Interface Terminal
This terminal is used as auxiliary for the operation. Monitoring statuses such as internal operation,
transmission/receiving operation and antenna diversity switching are available.
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(5)
Mounting Hole
The holes are used to install the modem to mounting terminal or bracket. Since screw can be
installed from the front surface, it is easy to install the modem. However, only two holes are
available, it should be fixed by guide structure on the other side of the unit to prevent vibration
problem.
(6)
Bottom Mounting Hole
The four holes are used to install the modem. Please use this holes instead of above explained
holes if tightened mounting is required. The hole has M2 taps. Use M2 (ISO) screws that project 2
to 3 mm into the modem. 3.5mm is MAXIMUM LIMIT. Screwing torque is 2.5 kg cm
MAXIMUM.
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SECTION
SYSTEM INSTALLATION
CONTENTS
SYSTEM INSTALLATION ...................................................................................7
2.1
W IRELESS MODEM INSTALLATION ............................................................................................... 8
2.1.1
Mounting Method 1........................................................................................................... 8
2.1.2
Mounting Method 2........................................................................................................... 8
2.2 COMMUNICATION CABLE CONNECTION ........................................................................................ 9
2.3 POWER SUPPLY PRECAUTIONS ................................................................................................. 10
2.4 ANTENNA CONNECTION ............................................................................................................ 11
2.4.1
Single Antenna Setup..................................................................................................... 11
2.4.2
Diversity Antenna Setup ................................................................................................. 12
2.5 OTHER INSTALLATION PRECAUTIONS ........................................................................................ 12
2.5.1
Modem Installation Precautions ..................................................................................... 12
2.5.2
Antenna Installation Precautions .................................................................................... 13
2.5.3
Multiple FRH Modems Installation Precautions ............................................................. 14
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2.1 Wireless Modem Installation
2.1.1 Mounting Method 1
A method to mount the modem directly on a surface using the mounting holes at the side of
the modem’s print circuit board. When using this method, provide a guide on the opposite
side, because two holes are not sufficient to securely mount the modem.
Guide
M2 Screw
Spacer
Figure 2–1: Mounting Method 1
2.1.2 Mounting Method 2
To mount the modem using the holes on a flat horizontal surface, which are 3.5mm deep for
M2 screws. When using this method, use M2 screws which project the hole 2 to 3mm deep.
The screw tightening torque is below 2.5kg cm. Mount the modem on a flat plane and be
careful that there is no torsion applied. For the position of the mounting holes, see p.167
DIMENSIONS.
M2 Screw
Figure 2–2: Mounting Method 2
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WARNING
WARNING
WARNING
Be careful not to allow water, oil, dust and other foreign particles
(especially metal particles) to enter inside, which may damage the unit.
Since the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem is a precision electronic device,
install it at a place free of excessive shock and vibration to prevent the
unit from damage.
The FRH-SD07TU/TB is designed to be used inside the room. In case
of using it outdoor, be sure to use it within the extent limited by the
environmental specification, and check the ambient temperature and
the state of water-proof.
2.2 Communication Cable Connection
Use the serial communication cable prepared by Futaba to connect the FRH-SD07TU/TB
modem to the external terminal equipment. For the connection of the modem, see p.144 PIN
ASSIGNMENT.
The signal level of the FRH-SD07TU/TB is CMOS. If the interface of the equipment to be
connected is RS232C or RS485, the level conversion circuit is required. For the example of
the level conversion circuit, see p.148 CONVERSION CIRCUIT.
Figure 2–3: Connection of Communication Cable
WARNING
Be certain that the installer of this equipment reads and understands the
instruction manual of the equipment that is being connected to before
attempting this installation.
WARNING
Ensure that the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem power and the power to the
equipment to be controlled is turned off before connecting or
disconnecting the cable between them. This will help prevent
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accidental damage to the system and unexpected operation and/or
injury.
CAUTION
WARNING
In addition to this manual, read the operation manual of a PC (Personal
Computer) and PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) to be connected.
Be sure to wire the cable connections correctly. Incorrect wiring can
damage the system, causing it to malfunction and/or create a shock and
fire hazard. Also insert the cable firmly to the connector. Since no lock
system is provided with the connector of this equipment, never stretch
the cable or pull it up by hands.
2.3 Power Supply Precautions
Since FRH-SD07TU/TB contains a very-high-frequency sensitive analog circuit, the modem
is susceptible to be affected the variation of the power source and noises from the digital
circuit. Therefore, when embedding the modem into the system, it is necessary to supply
power to the modem from a different (independent) power supply IC chip other than those
used in the digital circuits. Check the noise level from the power source line is enough below
than the practical level in the following way.
• Prepare 2 units of FRH-SD07TU/TB mounted in the system
• Set the frequency of each modem to the same and fixed frequency as below.
Example: @FRQ:H00 CR/LF
• Set the number of retransmission count of the modem on the sender side to 0.
Example: @RNO000 CR/LF
• Issue the @TXT command several hundreds times. If almost all responses are “P0”
(communication success), there is no problem.
• If “N1” response (communication failure) returns many times, there may be a noise
problem in the power source.
• However, there is a possibility of causing communication failure due to a trouble in the
radio communication channel (multipath). For correct judgment, it is recommended to
repeat the above checking several times.
For the operation of commands explained, refer p.79 COMMAND SET
DESCRIPTION.
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2.4 Antenna Connection
At least one antenna must be connected to Antenna Connector A on each FRH-SD07TU/TB
modem in use. In the environment where multipath fading exists with reliable
communication requirements, a second antenna can be installed to Antenna Connector B for
the diversity reception function to improve reception performance.
WARNING
Be sure to keep all systems and antennas clear of power lines.
Permanent equipment damage and severe shock injury or death can
occur if the system contacts power lines.
Please contact Futaba before attempting to install any third party
antenna equipment.
Please contact Futaba for information about antenna separation when
using the FRH-SD07TU/TB and other wireless products in the same
area.
2.4.1 Single Antenna Setup
Always use Antenna Connector A when installing a single antenna. Antenna Connector B
cannot be used to transmit and is only used to attach a second receive antenna when the
antenna diversity function is enabled.
Refer to the figures below for details about the actual mounting and connecting methods.
Figure 2–5: Connecting the Antenna
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2.4.2 Diversity Antenna Setup
In certain situations, reception can be improved by using the integrated antenna diversity
feature. This is accomplished by using two separate antennas and enabling the diversity
function in REG19 (see p.59 MEMORY REGISTER DESCRIPTION).
CAUTION
When using two antennas with a single modem for diversity
reception, mount the antennas as far apart as possible (at least 6 cm).
If the antennas are too close, the diversity advantage will not be
achieved.
CAUTION
Before connecting the connector, make sure that no dirt and foreign
particles are attached.
Refer to the figures below for details about the actual mounting and connecting methods.
Figure 2–6: Connecting Two Antennas
2.5 Other Installation Precautions
2.5.1 Modem Installation Precautions
WARNING
Securely attach the antenna cable, and serial communication
connector to the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem and equipment/power
source to which it is connected. Failure to not do so could cause an
unexpected system failure.
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WARNING
The FRH-SD07TU/TB modem is a precision electronic device. Its
rugged design is intended for industrial applications. However, do not
install it where it will encounter excessive vibrations. In some cases,
isolation mounts may be used to isolate the modem from the
equipment vibration. Excessive vibration could permanently damage
the modem and/or cause it to malfunction.
WARNING
If the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem has been stored at a temperature
beyond the specified operating temperature range for the system, it
may not function properly. Allow it to return to normal temperatures
before use. Refer to p.165 SPECIFICATION for the actual operating
temperature range.
WARNING
Do not operate the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem in environments where
it will be subjected to excessive moisture (such as rain or water spray),
dust, oil or other foreign matter (such as metal particles). Doing so
may permanently damage the modem and/or cause it to malfunction. If
it does become wet or contaminated, correct the situation, verify
proper operation and have any problems corrected before using it to
control other equipment. If necessary, the modem can be mounted
inside a protective or waterproof enclosure. If the enclosure is metallic,
the antenna must be mounted externally or the effective operating
range will be severely limited.
WARNING
The FRH-SD07TU/TB is designed for indoor use. When using it
outdoors, the modem should be mounted in a waterproof enclosure
and the ambient temperature range should be checked to insure that it
is within the modem’s specifications. Always use the modem within
its specified environmental ranges.
2.5.2 Antenna Installation Precautions
WARNING
Before each use, verify that the antenna (and antenna cable, if used) is
securely attached and in good condition. A loose antenna or cable may
severely reduce the operating range of the system.
WARNING
Avoid mounting the antenna near large metallic objects or inside metal
enclosures. Such objects can severely reduce the operating range of
the system.
When installing the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem in a mobile unit such
as an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV), Futaba recommends using
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
the diversity reception feature as a remedy for to multipath fading
problems. For diversity reception, install the two antennas as far
apart as possible in order to gain maximum benefit (Actual
recommendation is 30 cm, 6 cm at least).
CAUTION
FUTABA standard antenna is made by Printed Circuit Board. It is not
fabricated for severe use. Please use antenna without any unexpected
force (bent or broken). Mount the antenna in a location where it will
be least likely to be damaged by contact with other objects or
equipment.
CAUTION
The FRH-SD07TU/TB operates at frequencies in the 2.4 GHz band.
These frequencies are much directional than lower frequencies and are
easily reflected. If there are metal structures nearby, the effective
range may be shortened or the directional properties may be further
narrowed. To help avoid this, mount the antenna as far away as
possible from surrounding metallic structures.
CAUTION
Multipath problems occur easily at 2.4 GHz frequencies. When
multipath problems are present, moving the antenna as little as 10 cm
may result in improved communication or, conversely, a further
diminished or total loss of communication. Futaba recommends that
the mounting position of the antenna be determined after testing and
verifying optimal communication conditions. Negative multipath
effects can also be overcome with antenna diversity. See p.12
DIVERSITY ANTENNA SETUP and the related register settings for more
details regarding antenna diversity.
2.5.3 Multiple FRH Modems Installation Precautions
CAUTION
When installing multiple FRH (series) modem systems that will use
different frequency groups in the same area, modem’s antennas of
different frequency groups must be mounted at least 6 feet (2
meters) apart. Failure to do so may severely reduce the modem
operating range.
Please contact Futaba for information about antenna separation when
using the FRH-SD07TU/TB and other wireless products in the same
area.
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2.5.4 ID Code Setting Recommendation
Futaba recommend user to set unique ID code to prevent unexpected
interference (jamming) between individual FRH systems working in
the same area.
The protocol on RF channel employed in FRH series modem is
Futaba’s original protocol. Therefore, there is no concern undesired
connection to other radio systems, such as wireless LAN. On the other
hand, it has a possibility that unexpected, undesired radio connection
between Futaba’s FRH series modems which work as different radio
systems.
To prevent this undesired radio connection, ID code (REG04 and
REG05) can be used. Since the FRH radio modems which set different
ID code can not communicate each other, it is possible to prevent an
undesired connection.
Set same ID code to the modems work in the same radio system. Set
appropriate and individual ID code for the system, do not use simple
code such as 1111H, not to coincide to other system’s setting.
Refer to p.157 PREVENTING UNDESIRED RADIO CONNECTION in this
manual for details.
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SECTION
SYSTEM OPERATION
CONTENTS
SYSTEM OPERATION ......................................................................................17
3.1
OPERATION MODES ................................................................................................................. 18
3.1.1
Mode 3 – Packet Transmission Mode ............................................................................ 18
3.1.2
Mode 4 – Repeater Mode............................................................................................... 18
3.1.3
Mode 5 – Headerless Packet Transmission Normal Mode ............................................ 18
3.1.4
Mode 6 – Direct Transmission Mode.............................................................................. 19
3.2 PACKET TRANSMISSION MODE.................................................................................................. 20
3.2.1
Packet Transmission Mode Protocol.............................................................................. 20
3.2.2
Broadcast Transmission Protocol................................................................................... 21
3.2.3
Transmit Command and Receive Header ...................................................................... 22
3.2.4
Extended Receiving........................................................................................................ 24
3.2.5
Communication Time in Packet Transmission Mode ..................................................... 26
3.2.6
Precautions in Packet Transmission Mode .................................................................... 30
3.3 POWER DOWN MODE ............................................................................................................... 33
3.4 FREQUENCY GROUPING ........................................................................................................... 35
3.4.1
Frequency Band ............................................................................................................. 35
3.4.2
Frequency Allocation ...................................................................................................... 35
3.4.3
Frequency Group Operation........................................................................................... 36
3.4.4
Grouping Methods .......................................................................................................... 36
3.4.5
Grouping Method Details................................................................................................ 37
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3.1 Operation Modes
FRH-SD07TU/TB modem can operate in one of four primary operation modes. Select the
mode that best suits your specific application. The default setting is Mode 3. Mode 1 and 2
are the modes perform on the other FRH series modem.
Mode
Protocol
packet
transmission
direct transmission
Function
Modem
Repeater
Modem
Table 3–1: FRH Operation Modes
3.1.1 Mode 3 – Packet Transmission Mode
• In Mode 3, the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem communicates in packet transmission
mode. Communication parameters are set using the memory registers.
• Mode 3 is generally used for 1:n and n:m wireless network topology and for applications
in which the volume of data is relatively small and changing the destination station
occurs frequently.
3.1.2 Mode 4 – Repeater Mode
• In Mode 4, the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem operates as a repeater in packet
transmission mode. All modem and communication parameters are controlled through
the modem’s internal memory registers.
• Mode 4 is used to extend the effective communication range in a topology using Mode 3.
3.1.3 Mode 5 – Headerless Packet Transmission Normal Mode
•
Mode 5, a special mode in packet transmission mode, is used by no transmission
command required in Mode 3 and enable transmission only by the direct data input.
•
Mode 5 is generally used for 1:n wireless network topology and for applications in
which the volume of data is relatively small and changing the destination station from
among the receiver modems occurs infrequently. Since no transmission command is
required, the development of upper layer application program becomes easier.
•
The operation method of Mode 5 is quite different from that of Mode 3 and Mode 4.
For details, refer to p.118 HEADERLESS PACKET TRANSMISSION MODE.
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3.1.4 Mode 6 – Direct Transmission Mode
•
Mode 6 is a mode to transmit input data not as the data-bit but as the signal level
indicating high or low state.
•
Mode 6 features a short transmission delay of about 500 us due to no need to assemble
data to the wireless packet.
•
Mode 6 is particularly suitable for, an upper layer application where fast response is
required.
•
The operation method of Mode 6 is quite different from that of Mode 3 through Mode 5.
For details, refer to p.127 DIRECT TRANSMISSION MODe.
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3.2
FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
Packet Transmission Mode
Packet transmission mode operates as half-duplex communication and requires explicit
commands to control the modem transmissions. Because this mode allows the addressing of
different destination receiver modems by embedding the address in the data packets, it is
best suited for 1:n and n:m topology applications.
In packet transmission mode, the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem normally waits in a ready-toreceive state.
When a transmission command is issued to the sender modem from its terminal equipment,
the modem searches for a clear frequency channel and, when found, transmits the message to
the intended destination receiver modem.
Packet transmission mode also allows expansion of the effective wireless communication
range by using an additional FRH (series) modem configured as a repeater.
3.2.1 Packet Transmission Mode Protocol
In packet transmission mode, after a data packet is transmitted from the sender modem
(station) to a destination station, the destination station acknowledges successful
communication by returning an acknowledgement (ACK) packet to the sender modem.
The sender modem waits for the ACK packet and when it is received, indicates that the
transmission was successful. If it does not receive an ACK packet, it will continue to
retransmit the data packet until it does receive an ACK packet or until the retransmission
count (REG11 or RNO command setting) reaches the preset limit. If the sender modem
receives an ACK packet anytime during the retransmission attempts, it returns a
“successive completion response” (P0) code to its terminal equipment. If the modem
does not receive an ACK packet, it returns a “transmission failed” (N1) code to its
terminal equipment.
Data Transmission
ACK response
Sender Modem
Destination Modem
Figure 3–2: Packet Transmission and ACK response
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3.2.2 Broadcast Transmission Protocol
Broadcast transmission (sending the same data to multiple modems simultaneously) is
possible in packet transmission mode by setting 255 as the destination address
(REG02). However, because ACK packet are not returned when executing the broadcast
transmission, the sender modem does not receive confirmation of the “successful reception”
of the transmitted data from any of the receiver modems.
In broadcast transmission, the sender modem transmit the data packet the number of times
equal to the preset retransmission count (REG11 or RNO command setting) plus one
and then it outputs a successive completion response (P0) to its terminal equipment.
When the remote receiver modems receive the transmitted data successfully, they output the
data to their terminal equipments normally and do not return ACK packet. Once a valid data
packet has been received correctly by a receiver modem, rest of data received during any
subsequent retransmissions are discarded and not output to its terminal equipment.
Data Transmission
Retransmission
Retransmission
Retransmission
・
・
・
End
Sender Modem
Remote Modem
Figure 3–3: Broadcast Transmission
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3.2.3 Transmit Command and Receive Header
Four transmit commands can be used in packet transmission mode (mode 3). Both text
and binary data can be sent directly from modem-to-modem or sent through a third FRH
(series) modem configured as a repeater. The receiver modem automatically determines the
transmitted data format and communication path from the information in the received packet
header. Refer to the table below for a list of the transmit commands and the corresponding
header component.
Transmit Command
TXT
TBN
TXR
TBR
Receive Header
RXT
RBN
RXR
RBR
Function
Text data transmission
Binary data transmission
Text data transmission via repeater
Binary data transmission via repeater
Table 3–5: Transmit Commands and Receive Headers
The following list shows each command’s syntax as issued at the sender terminal equipment
and the response displayed at the receiver terminal equipment when the packet is received.
1. Direct Text Data Transmission
transmit: @TXT [destination address]{source address}[message]
receive: RXT [source address][message] CR/LF
2. Direct Binary Data Transmission
transmit: @TBN[destination address]{source address}[message length][message] CR/LF
receive: RBN [source address][message length][message] CR/LF
3. Text Data Transmission through Repeater
transmit: @TXR [repeater address][destination address]{source address} [message] CR/LF
receive: RXR [repeater address][source address][message] CR/LF
4. Binary Data Transmission through Repeater
transmit: @TBR [repeater address][destination address]{source address}
[message length][message] CR/LF
receive: RBR [repeater address][source address][message length][message] CR/LF
where {source address} is optional, used in RS485 mode set by serial communication cable
12 pin.
The following list defines the parameters and symbols used in the commands above:
@ = command header
CR/LF
= carriage return + line feed
destination address = address of modem to receive the message (000 to 239)
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source address = address of modem sent the message (000 to 239)
repeater address = address of the repeater modem (000 to 239)
message length = number of bytes in message
message = information data (255 bytes or less)
CAUTION
Since there are significant notes for issuing the transmit command, be
sure to read p.158 OPERATION IMPORTANT NOTICE.
CAUTION
In the text data transmission, the message is considered to be
terminated when the CR/LF code appears in it. No data after that will
be transmitted. When the CR/LF code contains in a message, use the
binary data transmission command.
CAUTION
When the command header contains in a message data, the data
after that are recognized as the command, resulting in command
error. When the command header contains in a message data, it is
necessary to set the memory register REG15, Command
Recognition Interval.
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3.2.4 Extended Receiving
The extended receiving function (mode 3 and 5) can be used to prevent the degradation of
transmission delay or failure caused by a collision of two transmission packet where two
modems perform transmission at the same time in the contention topology application. The
collision results retransmission of the same packet or packet transmission failure. Set with
the memory register REG19: bit 3 to enable this function.
3.2.4.1
Operation of Extended Receiving
In the transmission originate sequence, the message packet arrived during carrier sensing in
the sequence is not received all but carrier sensing continues. But in the extended
receiving, the message packet arrived during carrier sensing is received and the modem
returns ACK packet. After returning ACK, carrier sensing resume.
The following is the operation of packet transmissions which is invoked both of the two
modems simultaneously while the extended receiving function is valid.
wireless modem 1
i l
wireless modem 2
i l
simultaneous
transmission
message
transmission
ACK
ACK
message
transmission
Fig. 3–5: Operation of Extended Receiving
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Modems 1 and 2 transmit messages packet at the same time.
Both modems wait for ACK but the status becomes time-out.
Both modems start random wait after the transmission, and the modem first
completes the random wait starts carrier sensing and retransmits the message.
(in this case, modem 2)
Modem 1 receives the retransmitted message during carrier sensing state
(performs the extend receiving), return ACK after receiving the message.
Modem 1 does carrier sensing again and transmits the message.
Modem 2 returns ACK to complete transmission.
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3.2.4.2
Caution for Extended Receiving
As understood from the figure above, the modem 1 outputs to the terminal equipment as
follows.
response of transmission command acceptance
P1 CR/LF
RXT002 . . . . CR/LF
message output
P0 CR/LF
response of successive transmission
Therefore, it is necessary to design an upper layer application protocol with a consideration
that the message is output between the command responses “P1” and “P0”. Except the
headerless packet transmission mode, such consideration is not necessary because there
is no “P1” and “P0” response.
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3.2.5 Communication Time in Packet Transmission Mode
3.2.5.1
Transmission sequence
The transmission sequence in the packet transmission mode (mode 3,4 and 5) and time
required for each transmission are described as follows:
1.
Issue the transmission command
The input time of the transmission command is determined by the serial communication
parameter between the terminal equipment and the modem. Relating parameters are as
follows.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
transmitting rate (300 bps to 115200 bps)
data length (7 or 8 bits)
parity bit (with or without)
stop bit length (1 or 2 bits)
start bit length (1 bit constant)
Example: In the case of the transmitting rate of 9600 bps, 1 start bit and 1 stop bit,
data length of 8 bits and without parity, the time required for sending 1 byte is
1.04 ms, as 104 us is required for 1 bit.
To transmit 10 bytes message data by the TXT command, the command syntax is
@TXT001ABCDEFGHIJ CR/LF of 19 bytes, requiring 19.8 ms.
2.
Carrier sensing
The sensing time to confirm whether another modem is transmitting or not. If a carrier is
detected during carrier sensing, again another carrier sensing will take place after
random wait time.
3.
Wireless transmission
The wireless transmission time depends on the message byte data length (1 to 255).
It can be expressed in the following equation.
7.084 ms + message byte x 0.154 ms
4.
Waiting for ACK packet
The time for waiting ACK packet after the end of wireless transmission. It takes 5 ms
for the direct transmission to the destination station and “wireless transmission time +
17.2 ms” for the transmission through repeater. If the preamble of the ACK packet
cannot be received within this period, it results transmission failure. When the
retransmission count (REG11 or RNO command setting) does not reach 0, carrier
sensing starts after the random wait time. When the retransmission counter reaches
0, the transmission ends with the “N1” response of transmission failure.
5.
Transmission of ACK (NAK)
The time for transmitting the response packet from the receiver modem. ACK packet is
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to notify the sender the successful receiving. NAK packet is to notify the receive failure
which the repeater returns to the sender modem when no respond from the destination
station, in case the transmission is through the repeater. In both cases, it takes
7.084 ms.
6.
Random wait
When a carrier is detected in carrier sensing or data are retransmitted due to
transmission failure, carrier sensing starts after the randomly set wait period for to
prevent the collision of packets. It takes 0, 3, 6 or 10 ms, random wait time
7.
Output of received data
Time to output the received data to the terminal equipment. This time depends on the
serial communication parameter between the terminal equipment and the modem, as in
the case of above ISSUE THE TRANSMISSION COMMAND.
3.2.5.2
Communication time
An example of the communication time for transmitting 10 bytes message with 1 stop bit and
without parity, where the communication parameter is 19200 bps and the data length is 8 bits,
is shown below.
Case 1: Successive finish of the TXT command
This case is the most basic communication example.
Time
10ms
3ms
9ms
Terminal 1
Issue transmission
command
carrier sensing
Transmission
7ms
receive ACK
2ms
Total
31ms
response
Futaba Corporation
Modem 1
Modem 2
Terminal 2
Time
Receiving
ACK transmission
received data output
10ms
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
Case 2: Finish by one-time retransmission of the TXT command
This example is a case of one-time retransmission. Since no ACK is received,
the modem retransmits the data. In the retransmission routine, random wait
for 10 ms to prevent the collision of packets and carrier sensing starts again.
The subsequent communication is the same as the Case 1.
Time
Terminal 1
Modem 1
Modem 2
Terminal 2
Time
3ms
Issue transmission
command
carrier sensing
9ms
Transmission
5ms
wait for ACK (no response)
10ms
random wait
3ms
carrier sensing
9ms
Transmission
Receiving
7ms
receive ACK
ACK transmission
received data output
2ms
Total
58ms
Response
10ms
10ms
Case 3: Successive finish of the TXR command
This example is the transmission through the repeater. In the transmission through
the repeater, it takes twice longer for the wireless communication because of the
data is transferred by the repeater.
Time
Terminal 1
Issue transmission
11ms
command
3ms carrier sensing
Transmission to the
9ms
repeater
Transmission from
9ms
the repeater
ACK received by
7ms
the repeater
receive ACK from
7ms
the repeater
4ms Response
Total
50ms
Modem 1 Repeater Modem 2 Terminal 2
Time
Receiving
ACK transmission
received data output
11ms
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Case 4: Successive finish of broadcasting the TXT command
This example shows the case of broadcast transmission. In the broadcast
transmission, data are retransmitted by the specified times. If the receiver modem
has once received it, the retransmitted data will not be output to the terminal
equipment.
Time
Terminal 1
Modem 1
Modem 2 Terminal 2
Time
10ms
Issue transmission command
3ms
carrier sensing
9ms
Transmission
Receiving
5ms
wait time
output received data
10ms
random wait
3ms
carrier sensing
9ms
Transmission
Receiving
5ms
wait time
No output since the
date is the same data
10ms
random wait
3ms
carrier sensing
9ms
wireless transmission
wireless receiving
5ms
wait time
No output since the
date is the same
2ms
Total
83ms
response
Futaba Corporation
10ms
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
3.2.6 Precautions in Packet Transmission Mode
3.2.6.1
No ACK Response
In packet transmission mode (mode 3), succession of communication is confirmed when
the sender modem receives an acknowledgment (ACK packet) from the receiver modem. If
the ACK packet is not successfully obtained from the receiver modem, even though the data
was successfully received, the sender modem concludes (incorrectly) that the data
transmission sequence was failed and outputs transmission failure response (N1) to its
terminal equipment. The following text describes what will occur in such situations:
When the ACK packet is lost and the retransmission count (REG11 or RNO command
setting) is set to 0:
Tx modem: sends packet
Rx modem: transmits ACK and outputs the received data to its terminal equipment
Tx modem: outputs the transmission failure response (N1) to its terminal equipment
(since no ACK was received) and takes no more action.
When the ACK packet is lost and the retransmission count set to 1 or greater:
Tx modem: sends packet
Rx modem: transmits ACK and outputs the received data to its terminal equipment.
Tx modem: retransmits same packet until ACK is received or until it finishes
retransmission of the packet the number of times the retransmission count
plus one
Rx modem: for each subsequent data packet successfully received, transmits an ACK but
does not forward the again-received-data to its terminal equipment
Tx modem: if an ACK is received after any retransmission attempt, a successive
completion response (P0) returns to its terminal equipment; otherwise, the
transmission failure response (N1) returns
Problems with ACK packet not being received can usually be resolved by increasing the
number of retransmission count setting. However, if in the situation above, inconsistency
of data stream perception between sender and receiver terminal equipments will occur. This
problem can not be resolved in the modem inside, prepare the solver in the upper layer
application protocol.
3.2.6.2
Throughput Degradations in Frequency Grouping
If the retransmission count is not set sufficiently high when using the frequency group
function in the packet transmission mode (modes 3 and 5), receive throughput will drop
and the probability of transmission failure will increase. To help alleviate these potential
performance problems when using the frequency group function, set the retransmission
count to a value equal to or larger than the square of the number of frequencies being used.
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Receive throughput will drop since the frequency between the sender modem and receiver
modem is not identical in some case (because multiple frequencies are used). When using the
frequency group function, receiver modems are in the ready-to-receive state and is
sequentially changing frequencies. A sender modem, that has data to be transmitted, also
transmits its packet sequentially with changing frequencies until it receives ACK from the
receiver modem or until it reaches the retransmission count plus one. Because the
receiving modem changes frequencies at a slower rate than the transmitting modem, the both
frequency channels will eventually align. And the data packet will be successfully
transmitted. To make frequency alignment in both mode, the retransmission count should
be set high enough. But sometimes, it takes a time to make this alignment.
The use of the frequency group function is effective when specific frequencies are
interfered, but will result a degradation of data throughput. Accordingly, it is recommended
to use the fixed frequency mode for applications that require high data throughput in the
packet transmission mode. (In this case, the communication may be susceptible to
interference or multipath fading)
3.2.6.3
Collision Avoidance in RS485 Interface
When multiple modems are connected on RS485 wire-line, the received data or the
command responses of the modem may collide on the line. Reasons of such collision are
that multi-dropped multiple modems receive packet at the same time and output to RS485
line, or, multiple modems accept global addressing command and output its response at
the same time.
When there is a possibility of the RS485 line collision, avoid it by taking following remedy.
1) Set each of the multi-dropped modem’s Interval between packets (REG07) value to
different value. Difference between each set value shall be larger than 1 byte transmission
duration (from the start bit to the stop bit) which determined by the RS485 line baud rate.
2) Set the Collision avoidance function (REG23:bit 1) of all modems to 1.
3) Set Regular interval output for RS485 collision avoidance (REG23:bit 2) to 1 of the
modem which Interval between RS485 packets (REG07) is set to the longest
The above remedy is set to the multiple modems that are multi-dropped, the modem which
set REG07 interval to the longest outputs regularly CR code [0DH] when all modem has no
data to output. This enables timing synchronization of all of the modems to start measuring
the interval time between RS485 data packets to packet.
This results that data will not be output from multiple modems at the same time since the
interval between RS485 packets (REG07) of each modem is set to different values. Also
the modem can detects another station’s RS485 data transmission status since the interval
difference is set more than 1 byte time. Eventually, this can avoid collision on the RS485 line
since the modem can wait for their turn to output RS485 data.
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3.2.6.4
FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
Retransmit Count in Broadcast Transmission
In the broadcast transmission, the modem does transmit packet up to the retransmission
count (REG11 or RNO command setting). If the upper layer application protocol is
designed, such that the receiver side terminal equipment immediately return the response to
the sender, the reply is sent back during retransmission is in progress. In this case, the reply
packet cannot be received during the retransmission. It is necessary to set the
retransmission count to a suitable value in the case.
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3.3 Power Down Mode
The FRH-SD07TU/TB has three power down modes. Select the mode according to the
power supply operating conditions such as battery powered application.
(1) Active Mode
This mode is not the power down mode but always capable of transmitting and receiving
data. The modem is in the active mode when the power is turned on.
The current consumption is 35 mA maximum in this mode.
(2) ULTRA Mode
ULTRA (Ultra Low Power Transient Radio Access) mode is the doze mode. When set
to the ULTRA mode, the modem transits to the intermittent receive state to wait the
wakeup request packet. On receipt of the wakeup request packet to be requested
wakeup from other modem, the modem returns to the Active mode to operate normal
communication operation. This mode is effective, by extending the operation duration time,
in the operation using the power source with limited capacity, such as dry-batteries or solarbatteries.
The average current consumption is about 2 mA in this mode.
(3) RF Block Power Down Mode
This mode shuts down the power supply of the RF circuit block, where only the control
(logic) circuit is activating. Since the control circuit is in operation, the setting of memory
registers are retained. When the modem returns to the Active mode, it can continue its
operation since the register value is retained. Furthermore, functions such as referencing and
setting memory registers can be used in this mode.
This mode is invoked by the following commands.
ROF command:
RON command:
to become the RF block power down mode
to return to the Active mode
The current consumption is about 5 mA in this mode.
(4) Shutdown Mode
This mode not only shuts down the power source of the RF circuit block but also stops the
control (logic) circuit operation. The current consumption becomes minimum. Since the
control circuit does not operate in this mode, the modem will be in the reset state when it
returns to the Active mode. That is, all parameters, tentatively change modem operation like
FRQ command, will be initiated. On the other hand, memory register parameters set by
the REG command is effective.
This Shutdown mode is the same state as the system reset and can be used as the ‘forced
reset’ from the terminal equipment. Reset duration (initializing) time when power is turned
on is about 220 ms. However, returning from this mode can accept commands in about 75 ms.
Set with Pin 11 (/SHUT) of the serial communication interface.
To set Pin 11 to ‘L’: to the Shutdown mode
To set Pin 11 to ‘H’: to return to the Active mode
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
If the modem transits to the Shutdown mode from the ULTRA mode, it will return to the
ULTRA mode again when the Shutdown mode is released.
The current consumption is about 70uA in this mode.
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3.4 Frequency Grouping
3.4.1 Frequency Band
The FRH-SD07TU/TB has 54 individual frequencies between 2420 MHz and 2479 MHz
with 1 MHz / 2MHz separation in each frequency. One system can select/operate 24
frequencies in the 54 frequencies. See the table below for the exact frequency assignments.
3.4.2 Frequency Allocation
24 Frequency are assigned each frequency band (01, 02 and three 2 MHz separation) with 1
MHz or 2 MHz separation. If 1 MHz adjacent frequency separation is utilized in a same area,
the possibility of adjacent channel interference exists because the difference of reception
signal level between the desired signal and undesired leakage from the adjacent channel.
Specially, if fixed (single) frequency operation, more than 2 MHz separation operation is
recommended. *Both France and Spain are band limited, please use 02 Band for operation.
Freq. No.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2433-79MHz
2433
2435
2437
2439
2441
2443
2445
2447
2449
2451
2453
2455
2457
2459
2461
2463
2465
2467
2469
2471
2473
2475
2477
2479
01 Band
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
Freq. (MHz)
02 Band*
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2420-66MHz 2423-69MHz
2420
2423
2422
2425
2424
2427
2426
2429
2428
2431
2430
2433
2432
2435
2434
2437
2436
2439
2438
2441
2440
2443
2442
2445
2444
2447
2446
2449
2448
2451
2450
2453
2452
2455
2454
2457
2456
2459
2458
2461
2460
2463
2462
2465
2464
2467
2466
2469
Table 3–6: Frequency Table
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
3.4.3 Frequency Group Operation
The FRH-SD07TU/TB can operate on a fixed frequency or on any frequency in a set of
frequency group.
Multiple FRH (series) systems can be use different frequency groups and operate in the
same area without mutual interference between the systems. When the RF environment is
relatively clean, wireless channel links can be made on a fixed, clear frequency (no
interference) by using Grouping Method H. In less than ideal RF environments, it is better
to use multiple frequencies method in the frequency group (Grouping Method A through
G, multi-Access function). Since the modem searches clear frequency in the group, it
overcomes multipath fading and interference problems and establishes wireless
communications.
On the down side, wireless link establishment delays will become longer when using the
frequency group function (multi-access function) because the additional time is required
for searching the channels in the group with transmitting and receiving the packet on the both
end of the modem. The average connection delay will increase and the number of systems
that can operate independently in the same area will decrease as the number of frequencies
per group increases. Select the best grouping method for your application.
3.4.4 Grouping Methods
The frequency grouping method and group number are set using memory register
REG06.
The following eight frequency grouping methods are available:
Method
Number of
Group Numbers
Groups
12
24
to 1
to 2
to 3
to 5
to 7
to 11
to 23
Frequencies
per Group
24
12
Table 3–7: Frequency Grouping Methods and Group Numbers
• In Grouping Method A, multi-access function uses all 24 frequencies.
• Frequencies are fixed in Grouping Method H, because only one frequency is available
in each group.
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3.4.5 Grouping Method Details
Group
Frequency Numbers
All frequencies from 0 to 23
Table 3–8: Grouping Method A (1 group; 24 frequencies)
Group
Frequency Numbers
0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22
1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23
Table 3–9: Grouping Method B (2 groups; 12 frequencies each)
Group
Frequency Numbers
0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21
1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22
2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23
Table 3–10: Grouping Method C (3 groups; 8 frequencies each)
Group
Frequency Numbers
0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20
1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21
2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22
3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23
Table 3–11: Grouping Method D (4 groups; 6 frequencies each)
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
Group
Frequency Numbers
0, 6, 12, 18
1, 7, 13, 19
2, 8, 14, 20
3, 9, 15, 21
4, 10, 16, 22
5, 11, 17, 23
Table 3–12: Grouping Method E (6 groups; 4 frequencies each)
Group
Frequency Numbers
0, 8, 16
1, 9, 17
2, 10, 18
3, 11, 19
Group
Frequency Numbers
4, 12, 20
5, 13, 21
6, 14, 22
7, 15, 23
Table 3–13: Grouping Method F (8 groups; 3 frequencies each)
Group
Frequency Numbers
0, 12
1, 13
2, 14
3, 15
4, 16
5, 17
Group
10
11
Frequency Numbers
6, 18
7, 19
8, 20
9, 21
10, 22
11, 23
Table 3–14: Grouping Method G (12 groups; 2 frequencies each)
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Group Frequency Numbers
10
10
11
11
Group
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Frequency Numbers
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Table 3–15: Grouping Method H (fixed frequency mode)
The initial value of the memory register is Group 0 of the Grouping
Method F. (3 frequencies of 8 group modes)
To test the communication initially, use the Grouping Method H
(fixed frequency mode) at first. Operation at frequency grouping
mode makes the communication quality robust against multipath
fading and interference, but sometimes leads to degrade throughput or
transmission failure.
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Page 41
SECTION
FUNCTION CONTROL METHODS
CONTENTS
FUNCTION CONTROL METHODS ...................................................................41
4.1
FUNCTION CONTROL METHODS ................................................................................................ 42
4.1.1
Serial Interface Setting ................................................................................................... 42
4.1.2
Memory Register Setting ................................................................................................ 43
4.1.3
Memory Register Initialization ........................................................................................ 44
4.2 COMMAND CONTROL ................................................................................................................ 46
4.2.1
Command Entry.............................................................................................................. 46
4.3 COMMUNICATION METHODS ..................................................................................................... 47
4.3.1
Communication Example (1:1 – Mode 3) ....................................................................... 47
4.3.2
Communication Example (1:n – Mode 3) ....................................................................... 49
4.3.3
Communication Example (n:m – Mode 3) ...................................................................... 51
4.3.4
Repeater Example (Mode 4) .......................................................................................... 54
4.3.5
Other Communication Configurations ............................................................................ 57
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
4.1 Function Control Methods
4.1.1 Serial Interface Setting
For connecting the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem with an external terminal equipment, RS232C
is appropriate for 1 to 1 topology. And set the RS485 mode to make RS485 multi-dropping
topology for multiple equipment connection. Interface configuration can be made with Pin
12 (/RS485ENB) of the serial communication connector.
To configure the RS485 mode, pull down Pin 12 with 10k ohm register. In this case, do
NOT connect this pin DIRECTLY to the GND. This is because in RS485 mode, this pin
will be as an output pin, after the initialization completes, to control the output buffer of the
RS485 driver IC chip. As for the RS232C interface, no connection is required because it is
pulled up inside.
Since the interface level of the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem is CMOS, the level conversion
circuit must be provided outside for connecting it with the RS232C or RS485 interface. For
an example of the level conversion circuit, see p.148 CONVERSION CIRCUIT.
PC
FRH modem
RS-232C
Converter
Figure 4–1: Connection Example to PC
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4.1.2 Terminal Software Setup for Memory Register Control
Communication or terminal software is necessary to set the memory registers. Nearly any
PC communication software can be used. Launch the communication software and set the
terminal’s communication parameters as shown below. Refer to your specific
communication software instructions how to set these parameters.
bit rate:
data length:
stop bits:
parity bit:
flow control:
local echo:
terminator:
9600 bps
8 bits
1 bit
none
none
yes
carriage return + line feed
These settings correspond to the initial, default memory register value of the FRHSD07TU/TB modem. When changing memory registers REG20 and REG21 for
communication parameters, remember to also update your communication software settings.
Check for proper communication between the terminal equipment and the modem after
setting these parameters. To do this, turn the modem power on and, with the communication
software running, enter “@ARG CR/LF ” at the terminal prompt. If functioning properly, the
modem should return the value of all 28 memory registers to the terminal screen.
4.1.3 Memory Register Setting
Memory registers set the operation mode and communication parameters of the modem and
retain them in memory. All of the settings of the modem are made by these memory
registers.
Since the memory register is based on rewritable non volatile memories, these memories
can be readily rewritten by external terminal equipment such as PC and their contents will be
kept even after the power is turned off. This non volatile memory can be rewritten about 1
million times.
4.1.3.1
Memory Register Referencing and Setting
Memory registers are referenced and set with the REG command. (For more information,
refer to REG section at p.79 COMMAND SET DESCRIPTION)
Example procedure:
1. To view the current value of register 00, enter: @REG00 CR/LF
2. Modem responds with 00H CR/LF (REG00 is assumed to be 00H in this case and
varies in each setting case)
3. To set register REG00 to 0FH, enter: @REG00:0FH CR/LF
4. Modem responds with “P0” CR/LF
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5. Enter “@RST CR/LF” or cycle the modem power, to activate new values
CR/LF
= command header (specify following characters are command)
= Terminator (carriage return + line feed)
CAUTION
When rewriting the modem’s memory registers, do not turn the
modem’s power off until the modem returns “P0” response. If the
power is interrupted before “P0” is returned, the memory contents may
be lost or corrupted and the modem operation will be unpredictable.
CAUTION
If the memory contents are lost or corrupted, they can be restored to
original default settings by reinitializing them. (See the section below
titled p.44 MEMORY REGISTER INITIALIZATION)
Input character arrays of commands quickly and sequentially.
Too slow input (taking more than 5 seconds in the initial setting)
results in command error.
4.1.3.2
Memory Register Initialization
The memory registers can be restored to the factory default values at any time by using
one of the following two methods.
1) Memory Register Initialization by hardware:
Use either methods stated below, in which the modem attempts to read Pin 13 (/DefParam)
of the serial communication connector at the startup and starts initializing the memory
registers when it is “L”.
Method 1. Set “L” level to Pin 13 (/DefParam) of the serial communication
connector with the power turned off. When the power is re-supplied, the memory
registers are initialized and the modem starts operation in the factory default state.
Method 2. Set “L” level to Pin 13 (/DefParam) of the serial communication
connector while the power turned on. In this state, force “L” to Pin 11 (/SHUT) of
the serial communication connector more than 1ms, then return the level to “H”.
The modem once becomes the Shutdown mode and returns to Active mode. Since
this sequence is the same as the reset, the memory registers are initialized and the
modem starts operation in the factory default state.
2) Memory Register Initialization by Command:
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1. With the modem power is on and the communication software running, enter “@INI
CR/LF ” at the terminal prompt.
2. The modem responds with “P0” response and immediately begins to operate using
the initialized factory default state.
CAUTION
Futaba Corporation
While initializing the memory registers, do not turn the modem’s
power off. It take about 1 sec. to initialize the memory registers.
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
4.1.4 Command Control
Some FRH-SD07TU/TB parameters can be changed by issuing commands from the terminal
equipment. Various applications can be supported with the flexibility that command control
offers.
Command Entry
• When a command is issued to the modem from the terminal equipment, a command
header (one byte character) should be used the modem to acknowledge the command
from ordinary data. The command header is initially set to “@” (40H) but can be
changed to another character by changing the value stored in the memory register
REG10.
• Commands must use all upper case letters (A to Z). The modem does not recognize
lower case letters (a to z) in commands.
• A two byte terminator (carriage return (0DH) + line feed (0AH)) is used to terminate a
command. “CR/LF” shows the terminator in this manual. PC can send this two byte
character with pressing ENTER key once using a communication software. But some
setting is necessary in the software.
• The modem immediately executes a command once it’s recognized. If the command
requires a response, the modem returns the response to the terminal equipment when
its internal processing is completed.
The following is an example of a command entry and response:
@BCL CR/LF :command issued from the terminal equipment
: successive completion response is returned
P0 CR/LF
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4.2 Communication Methods
The FRH-SD07TU/TB can support wide range of network configurations, from simple
networks that are simply connected in 1:1 topology to complex n:m networks topology that
use an upper layer application protocol to control the modem with commands.
This section shows several specific configuration examples to help illustrate the settings for
each basic communication topology. The actual settings of the memory registers for your
specific application may differ from these examples.
CAUTION
There are important notes using transmit commands. Be sure to
read p.158 OPERATION IMPORTANT NOTICE.
4.2.1 Communication Example (1:1 – Mode 3)
The most basic communication topology of FRH-SD07TU/TB is the 1:1 communication in
the communication mode 3 (packet transmission mode). In this mode, message data are
transmitted using transmit commands like @TXT. As the terminal equipment, personal
computers (PC) can be used. In here, we assume that the RS232C interface is used.
4.2.1.1
Modem Setup (1:1 – Mode 3)
Both two modem can operate without changing any parameter settings.
4.2.1.2
Terminal Software Setup (1:1 – Mode 3)
Invoke terminal software and setup the terminal software as follows: (refer your software
instructions for setup details)
bit rate:
data length:
stop bits:
parity bit:
flow control:
local echo:
terminator:
9600 bps
8 bits
1 bit
none
none
yes
carriage return + line feed
This setting corresponds to the factory default state of the modem. When REG20 and
REG21 are changed, change the terminal software setup accordingly.
Check for proper communication between the terminal equipment and the modem after
setting these parameters. To do this, turn the modem power on and with the communication
software running, enter “@ARG CR/LF ” at the terminal prompt. If functioning properly, the
modem should return the value of all 28 memory registers to the terminal screen.
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
4.2.1.3
Communication (1:1 – Mode 3)
In packet transmission mode, data is transmitted by using the transmit commands (TXT,
TBN, etc.).
1. Master Station transmits a message to Slave Station.
command: @TXT001HELLO CR/LF
2. Master Station returns the response to the terminal equipment.
response: P1 CR/LF
3. Slave Station receives the message, verifies that the message is addressed to it,
outputs the data to its terminal equipment, and returns an ACK packet to Master
Station.
output: RXT000HELLO CR/LF
4. Master station receives the ACK and responds to the terminal equipment
“Successive Completion” response.
response: P0 CR/LF
Data Transmission
ACK packet
Master Station
Slave Station
Figure 4–2: Communication Configuration (1:1 – Mode 3)
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4.2.2 Communication Example (1:n – Mode 3)
This section describes an example of 1:n communication in packet transmission mode
(Mode 3). In multiple station topology, each station’s memory register setting must be
unique local station address (REG00). In this mode, all transmissions are made using the
transmit commands (TXT, TBN, etc.). The following example assumes that there are one
master and three slave stations.
4.2.2.1
Terminal Software Setup (1:n – Mode 3)
Set the terminal software as follows: (refer your software instructions for setup details)
bit rate:
data length:
stop bits:
parity bit:
flow control:
local echo:
terminator:
9600 bps
8 bits
1 bit
none
none
yes
carriage return + line feed
This setting corresponds to the factory default state of the modem. When REG20 and
REG21 are changed, change the terminal software setup accordingly.
Check for proper communication between the terminal equipment and the modem after
setting these parameters. To do this, turn the modem power on and with the communication
software running, enter “@ARG CR/LF” at the terminal prompt. If functioning properly, the
modem should return the value of all 28 memory registers to the terminal screen.
4.2.2.2
Modem Setup (1:n – Mode 3)
1. Set the local station addresses (REG00) as follows:
Master Station
000
Slave Station 1 001
Slave Station 2 002
Slave Station 3 003
2. Set Bit 0 of REG18 to “1” (to perform “destination address checking”)
3. Leave all other memory registers at the factory default settings.
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4.2.2.3
FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
Communication (1:n – Mode 3)
In packet transmission mode, data is transmitted by using the transmit commands (TXT,
TBN, etc.).
1. Master Station transmits a message to Slave Station 1.
command: @TXT001HELLO CR/LF
2. Slave Station 1 receives the message, verifies that the message is addressed to it,
outputs the data to its terminal equipment, and returns an ACK packet to Master
Station.
output: RXT000HELLO CR/LF
3. Slave Stations 2 and 3 also receive the message, but since the destination address
does not match theirs, they discard the data and do not output it to their respective
terminal equipments.
4. Master Station receives the ACK from Slave Station 1.
Slave 1
Slave 2
Master
Slave 3
Figure 4–3: Communication Configuration (1:n – Mode 3)
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4.2.3 Communication Example (n:m – Mode 3)
RS485 mode is suitable for assigning several master modems in a wide area using RS485
multi-drop communication topology. In this example; 3 master modems and 2 slave modem
case is explained. The slave modem can keep on radio communication while moving, by
automatically changing the communication to master modems (roaming function).
4.2.3.1
Terminal Software Setup
Example:
Set the terminal software as follows: (refer your software instructions for setup details)
bit rate:
data length:
stop bit:
parity bit:
flow control:
local echo:
terminator:
9600 bps
8 bits
1 bit
none
none
yes
carriage return + line feed
This setting corresponds to the factory default state of the modem. When REG20 and
REG21 are changed, change the terminal software setup accordingly.
Check for proper communication between the terminal equipment and the modem after
setting these parameters. To do this, turn the modem power on and with the communication
software running, enter “@ARG CR/LF” at the terminal prompt. If functioning properly, the
modem should return the value of all 28 memory registers to the terminal screen.
4.2.3.2
Modem Setup
Example:
(1) Master (Base) Station Setup
1. Pull down Pin 12 (/RS485ENB) at about 10 k ohm register. (RS485 mode) At this
time, do NOT connect this pin DIRECTLY to GND.
2. Set the local station address of the modem as follows. (REG00 or REG01)
REG00
REG01
Master modem 1
001
240
Master modem 2
002
240
Master modem 3
002
240
3. Set REG18:bit 0 to 1. (to perform Destination Address Checking)
4. Allocate the frequency No. 0, 8, 16 in the fixed frequency mode (REG06), which
corresponds to Group 0 of Grouping Method F.
Master modem 1
Futaba Corporation
E0H （Frequency No. 0, fixed）
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
Master modem 2
E8H (Frequency No. 8, fixed)
Master modem 3
EFH (Frequency No. 16, fixed)
5. Set REG19:bit 1 to 1 (to perform Regularly transmit radio beacon without
transmission request).
6. Use the default value for other memory registers.
(2) Slave (Mobile) Station Setup
1. Since the slave modem is in the RS232C mode, it is not necessary to pull down Pin
12 of the serial communication connector
2. Set the local station address (REG00) of the modem as follows.
Slave modem 1
101
Slave modem 2
102
3. Set REG18:bit 0 to 1 (to perform Destination Address Checking).
4. Set the frequency group (REG06) to A0H (group 0 of Grouping Method F) to
make it correspond to the frequency of the maser modems.
5. Set REG19:bit 2 to 1 (to be Wait-to-receive mode by fixing frequency while the
correlation detection is made).
6. Use the default value for other memory registers.
4.2.3.3
Communication
Example:
1. If there is Slave Station 2 near Master Station 1, Slave Station 2 receives the radio
beacon of Master Station 1 and its frequency is fixed at No. 0.
2. ＠TXT240HELLO CR/LF
: Issue the transmit command to Slave Station 2. Be
noted that the address is 240 (global addressed destination).
3. Since slave stations transmit data to master stations as the global addressed
destination, slave station need not aware which master station responds. Only the
master station who has the same frequency receives and responds. (In this case,
Master Station 1.)
4. RXT102240HELLO CR/LF
: Master Station 1 outputs data to PC.
5. When Slave Station 2 enters into the area of Master Station 2, it receives the radio
beacon from Master Station 2 and its frequency is fixed at No.8.
6. ＠TXT102240MAIL CR/LF : Issue the transmit command to master stations. Be
noted that the sender address is 240, global addressing.
7. Global addressed master stations are transmit data to slave station. Using the global
addressing, that is, three master stations transmit the same data at the same time.
Accordingly, it is not necessary to aware where slave station is. Only the slave station
who has the same address receives the data. (In this case, Slave Station 2.)
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8. RXT240MAIL CR/LF
terminal equipment.
: Slave Station 2 outputs the received data to the
As described above, the slave station can communicate in wide area without considering
where it is.
Master 1
Freq.No. 0
Master 2
Freq.No. 8
Master 3
Freq.No.16
Slave 2
Fig. 4–8: n:m Communication (Roaming)
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
4.2.4 Repeater Example (Mode 4)
The FRH-SD07TU/TB can be used as a repeater to extend the wireless communication
range or eliminate null zones caused by obstructions. The following example uses one
repeater and two modems.
Repeater
Modem 1
Obstacle
Modem 2
Figure 3–10: Repeater
4.2.4.1
Communication Through a Repeater (Mode 4)
• When two modems cannot reliably communicate because of excessive distance or
obstructions, a third modem can act as a repeater. The repeater is placed in a position
where it can communicate with both modems.
• Although PC or terminal equipment is used to configure the modem as a repeater, it is
not necessary to connect PC or terminal to the repeater once it is configured and
functioning normally. The repeater can operate in a stand-alone mode.
• Multiple repeaters can be used in a network, but stations can only communicate to
other stations through one repeater. Communication through two or more repeaters is
not possible.
• When communicating through a repeater , the repeater transmit commands (TXR,
TBR, and RTY) must be used.
• When using a repeater , all modems in the radio-network must be set to the same fixed
frequency.
• Communication through the repeater approximately doubles the communication time
delay.
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4.2.4.2
Terminal Software Setup (Mode 4)
Set the terminal software as follows: (refer your software instructions for setup details)
bit rate: 9600 bps
data length: 8 bits
stop bits: 1 bit
parity bit: none
flow control: none
local echo: yes
terminator:
carriage return + line feed
This setting corresponds to the factory default state of the modem. When REG20 and
REG21 are changed, change the terminal software setup accordingly.
Check for proper communication between the terminal equipment and the modem after
setting these parameters. To do this, turn the modem power on and with the communication
software running, enter “@ARG CR/LF” at the terminal prompt. If functioning properly, the
modem should return the value of all 28 memory registers to the terminal screen.
4.2.4.3
Modem Setup (Mode 4)
1. Set the local station address of the modem (REG00) as follows.
Wireless Modem 1: 001
Wireless Modem 2: 002
2. Set REG06 (Frequency Grouping) at the fixed Frequency No. 0 of Grouping
Method H.
3. Set REG18:bit 0 to 1 (to perform Destination Address Checking).
4. Set REG19:bit 0 to 0 (to use as a modem).
5. Use the default value for other memory registers.
4.2.4.4
Repeater Setup (Mode 4)
1. Set REG00 (the local address of the repeater) to 000.
2. Set REG06 at the fixed frequency No. 0 of Grouping Method H.
3. Set REG18:bit 0 to 1 (to perform Destination Address Checking).
4. Set REG19:bit 0 to 1 (to use as a repeater).
5. Use the default value for other memory registers.
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4.2.4.5
FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
Communication (Mode 4)
To communicate using the repeater , use the repeater transmit commands. The below
describes the operation of each modem when a simple message is sent.
1. Message is sent from Modem 1 (001) to Modem 2 (002) through Repeater (000).
command: @TXR000002HELLO CR/LF
2. Modem 1 transmits the message to the repeater. Repeater receives the message,
verifies that the message is for its address, then retransmits the unaltered message to
Modem 2.
3. Modem 2 receives the message and verifies that the message is addressed to itself,
then it outputs the message to its terminal equipment and returns an ACK packet
through the repeater .
output: RXR000001HELLO CR/LF
4. Repeater receives the ACK, verifies its address then retransmits the ACK without
changing it to Modem 1.
5. Modem 1 receives the ACK and output the response to the terminal equipment.
output: P0 CR/LF
CAUTION
Do not use the modem set as the repeater for other commands than
listed below to avoid operation error.
ARG: to reference memory registers
INI:
to initialize all memory registers
REG: to reference and set memory registers
RST: to reset
VER: to read out a version
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4.2.5 Other Communication Configurations
Many other communication topology can be configured with the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem.
The following section briefly describes a few of them.
4.2.5.1
n:n Communication
The modem can execute the N:N communication where all modems are in the equality
relation.
Figure 3–12: n:n Communication
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4.2.5.2
FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
Packet Transmission Mode 1:n:m Connection
One master modem can transmit data to multiple groups of slaves by using multiple
repeaters. The master and slaves can also be communicated directly to each other, without
passing the repeater .
Master
Repeater 1
Repeater 2
Slave 1
Slave 2
Slave 3
Slave 4
Figure 3–13: Packet Transmission Mode 1:n:m
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SECTION
MEMORY REGISTER DESCRIPTION
CONTENTS
MEMORY REGISTER DESCRIPTION ..............................................................59
5.1
MEMORY REGISTER DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................ 60
REG00: LOCAL STATION ADDRESS [DEFAULT VALUE: 00H].............................................................. 61
REG01: LOCAL STATION GLOBAL ADDRESS [DEFAULT VALUE: F0H]................................................. 61
REG02: DESTINATION ADDRESS [DEFAULT VALUE: 00H] ................................................................. 61
REG03: SPECIAL SETTING [DEFAULT VALUE: F0H] .......................................................................... 61
REG04: ID CODE 1 [DEFAULT VALUE: 00H] .................................................................................... 61
REG05: ID CODE 2 [DEFAULT VALUE: 00H] .................................................................................... 62
REG06: FREQUENCY GROUP [DEFAULT VALUE: A0H]...................................................................... 62
REG07: PACKET INTERVAL [DEFAULT VALUE: 05H].......................................................................... 63
REG08: RESERVED [DEFAULT VALUE: 11H] .................................................................................... 63
REG09: RESERVED [DEFAULT VALUE: 13H] .................................................................................... 63
REG10: COMMAND HEADER [DEFAULT VALUE: 40H]........................................................................ 63
REG11: RETRANSMISSION COUNT [DEFAULT VALUE: 32H]............................................................... 64
REG12: ROAMING THRESHOLD [DEFAULT VALUE: B4H] ................................................................... 64
REG13: RESERVED [DEFAULT VALUE: 1EH] .................................................................................... 64
REG14: RECEIVE DATA OUTPUT INTERVAL [DEFAULT VALUE: 00H] .................................................. 64
REG15: COMMAND RECOGNITION INTERVAL [DEFAULT VALUE: 00H] ................................................ 64
REG16: COMMAND INPUT TIMEOUT [DEFAULT VALUE: 32H] ............................................................. 65
REG17: RESERVED [DEFAULT VALUE: 32H] .................................................................................... 65
REG18: COMMUNICATION SETTING 1 [DEFAULT VALUE: 8CH].......................................................... 66
REG19: COMMUNICATION SETTING 2 [DEFAULT VALUE: 00H] .......................................................... 67
REG20: RS-232C SETTING 1 [DEFAULT VALUE: 05H]..................................................................... 69
REG21: RS-232C SETTING 2 [DEFAULT VALUE: 09H]..................................................................... 70
REG22: RS-232C SETTING 3 [DEFAULT VALUE: 00H]..................................................................... 72
REG23: MISCELLANEOUS SETTINGS [DEFAULT VALUE: 00H]............................................................ 74
REG24: SPECIAL MODE SETTINGS [DEFAULT VALUE: C0H].............................................................. 76
REG25: ULTRA MODE SETTINGS [DEFAULT VALUE: 40H]............................................................... 77
REG26: RESERVED [DEFAULT VALUE: 00H] .................................................................................... 77
REG27: FREQUENCY BAND SETTINGS [DEFAULT VALUE: 01H] ......................................................... 78
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
5.1 Memory Register Description
The FRH-SD07TU/TB modem contains 28 memory registers which are used to control and
store communication parameters and operation mode settings. After rewriting new register
settings, the power must be cycled, a hardware reset asserted, or a software RST command
is issued to validate the new settings.
Functions of some memory registers vary depending on the operation mode. This chapter
describes the communication modes 3 and 4. For communication modes 5 and 6, refer to
p.117 ADVANCED APPLICATION.
The following table briefly lists each register, register function and default value:
Register
REG00
REG01
REG02
REG03
REG04
REG05
REG06
REG07
REG08
REG09
REG10
REG11
REG12
REG13
REG14
REG15
REG16
REG17
REG18
REG19
REG20
REG21
REG22
REG23
REG24
REG25
REG26
REG27
Function
Local Station Address
Local Station Global Address
Destination Address
Special Setting
ID Code 1
ID Code 2
Frequency Group
Packet Interval
Reserved
Reserved
Command Header
Retransmission Count
Roaming Threshold
Reserved
Receive Data Output Interval
Command Recognition Interval
Command Input Timeout
Reserved
Communication Setting 1
Communication Setting 2
Serial Interface Setting 1
Serial Interface Setting 2
Serial Interface Setting 3
Serial Interface Setting 4
Miscellaneous Settings
ULTRA Mode Settings
Reserved
Frequency Band Settings
Default Value
00 H
F0 H
00 H
F0 H
00 H
00 H
A0 H
05 H
11 H
13 H
40 H
32 H
B4 H
1E H
00 H
00 H
32 H
32 H
8C H
00 H
05 H
09 H
00 H
00 H
C0 H
40 H
00 H
00 H
Meaning
address 0
address 240
address 0
F0H
address 0
address 0
see text
5 ms
11H
13H
character @
50 count
-180dBm
1EH
0 ms
0s
32H
32H
see text
see text
see text
see text
see text
see text
see text
see text
see text
Table 5–1: Memory Registers
Suffix ‘H’ of each default value denotes HEX radix expression in the value.
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REG00: Local Station Address
•
•
•
•
Sets the local station address. Valid values are 000 to 239. (240 addresses)
This value is inserted in the “source address” field in the transmitted packet header.
If the address check function is enabled (REG18) in the receiving modem, the
modem can receive the packet which header contains destination address information
identical to REG00.
In the RS485 mode, this register is used as 485 mode local station address.
REG01: Local Station Global Address (RS485)
•
•
•
•
•
•
[default value: F0H]
Sets special operation modes such as headerless packet transmission mode or
direct transmission mode. Refer to p.117 ADVANCED APPLICATION.
Use the default value for the transmission mode 3 or 4.
REG04: ID Code 1
•
[default value: 00H]
This address is used in the headerless packet transmission mode (communication
modes 5). For details, refer to p.118 HEADERLESS PACKET TRANSMISSION MODE.
Use the default value for the transmission mode 3 or 4.
REG03: Special Setting
•
[default value: F0H]
Sets the local station global address of the modem. Valid values are 240 to 254. (15
addresses)
When plural modems are connected by RS485 multi-dropping topology, commands can
be issued to multiple modems simultaneously by setting all connected modems to the
same global address. This is the global addressing.
This global addressing allows to handle multiple multi-dropped modems as if they
were one modem.
REG02: Destination Address
•
[default value: 00H]
[default value: 00H]
Used with ID code 2 (REG05), set the ID code. Valid values are 000 to 255. Together
with ID code 2, up to 61,440 ID codes can be set.
The ID code identifies the group of the modems works in the same group. The ID code
is used to prevent erroneous connection with other systems and for communication
security.
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•
FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
Before transmission, radio data packets are scrambled using a pseudo-random data
sequence generated with this ID code as the seed. During reception, the original data is
restored by de-scrambling it with the pseudo-random data sequence. The modems with
different ID codes cannot communicate with each other.
REG05: ID Code 2
•
•
•
[default value: 00H]
Used with ID code 1 (REG04), set the ID code. Valid values are 000 to 239. Together
with ID code 1, up to 61,440 ID codes can be set.
Do not set the value 240 and above. If excess value is set, the modem ignores the
REG04 and REG05 value and assigns REG04 to 255 and REG05 to 239.
In case plural modems are used as a single system, always set the same ID code for all
modems and repeaters.
REG06: Frequency Group
•
[default value: A0H]
Refer to p.35 FREQUENCY GROUPING in Section 3, for a detailed description of the
frequency operation modes.
Bits 7 – 5: Grouping of frequency
Grouping
Setting
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
24 freq. × 1 group
12 freq. × 2 group
8 freq. × 3 group
6 freq. × 4 group
4 freq. × 6 group
3 freq. × 8 group
2 freq. ×12 group
1 freq. ×24 group
Table 5–2: Grouping of Frequency
•
•
•
Set the grouping method for the 24 available frequencies. The number of available
frequencies per group is allocated to perform multi-access in the frequencies of group.
The multi-access function is performed within a frequency group.
When more frequencies per group are made available for multi-access function, the
system will gain an advantage in overcoming interference and fading, but average time
required to establish a connection will increase because more frequencies are scanned.
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Bits 4 – 0: Group Number
Group No.
19
20
21
22
23
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Table 5–3: Frequency Group Settings
•
The frequency group number is set. Valid group numbers for setting vary
depending on the frequency grouping method.
REG07: RS485 Packet Interval
•
•
•
•
In the packet transmission mode with the RS485 mode is used, sets the interval
between response and/or received data which output from the modem to RS485 line.
Be able to set 0 to 254 ms at increment of 1 ms. 255ms is not allowed. The default
value is 5 ms.
Set this interval to a larger value than the receiving interval set by REG14.
Suitable setting of this interval avoids the data collision possibility of RS485 line.
For details, refer to p.31 COLLISION AVOIDANCE IN RS485 INTERFACE.
REG08: Reserved
•
•
[default value: 13H]
The FRH-SD07TU/TB does not use this register. Keep the default value as it is.
REG10: Command Header
•
[default value: 11H]
The FRH-SD07TU/TB does not use this register. Keep the default value as it is.
REG09: Reserved
•
[default value: 05H]
[default value: 40H]
Sets the character that identifies the start of a command.
The default is character “@” (40H).
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•
When this character is input from the terminal equipment after no character is received
for the command recognition interval (REG15) or longer, subsequent input
character is recognized as a command for the modem.
REG11: Retransmission Count
•
•
•
•
•
[default value: 00H]
Sets the minimum time interval between characters (time from the stop bit of one
character to the start bit of the next character) when outputting data from the modem to
the terminal equipment.
Valid values are 000 to 255, representing milliseconds in 1 ms increments.
Since the modem transmit data to other end modem in packet form, minimal interval
between the character output to the terminal equipment does not guaranteed. Characters
are continuously sent to the terminal equipment until the modem’s buffer becomes
empty. When the data cannot be received by the terminal equipment, set this interval
longer.
REG15: Command Recognition Interval
•
[default value: 1EH]
The FRH-SD07TU/TB does not use this register. Keep the default value as it is.
REG14: Receive Data Output Interval
•
[default value: B4H]
At the time to set the frequency roaming (REG19:bit 2 is 1), set the receiving
strength threshold of the radio beacon which starts scanning frequency.
Set the value of the desired radio beacon strength threshold represented in dBm
excluding the minus sign, e.g., set to “80” to search the next master station when the
radio beacon strength becomes below –80 dBm.
REG13: Reserved
•
[default value: 32H]
Sets the maximum number of packet retransmission attempts. Valid values are 000
to 254. 255 is not allowed.
When retransmission exceeds the retransmission count (retransmission count plus
one for broadcast transmission), the modem outputs an error response to the
terminal equipment.
REG12: Roaming Threshold
•
FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
[default value: 00H]
When a message data contains a command header character (in case of binary data or
data in two-byte Chinese characters), data following the command header character
will be interpreted as a command, the message does not transmit properly.
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•
•
•
Sets the necessary vacant duration time interval to discriminate between ordinary data
character and a command header character. Input a command after a longer interval
than time interval setting.
Valid values are 0.1 to 25.4 sec., representing tenths of seconds in 0.1 second
increments. (Set an integer value equal to ten times the number of seconds desired.)
When set to 000, the command header is recognized at any time, and when set to 255,
all command header character are ignored.
REG16: Command Input Timeout
•
•
•
•
Sets the character input timeout interval for command input. It is used as the
timeout between the command header and the character following it and between
each character of the command.
At the timeout, the modem operation transits from command-input-wait-state to
ordinary-data-wait-state.
Valid values are 000 to 255, representing tenths of seconds in 0.1 second increments.
(Set an integer value equal to ten times the number of seconds desired.)
A setting of 000 disables this timeout function.
REG17: Reserved
•
[default value: 32H]
[default value: 32H]
The FRH-SD07TU/TB does not use this register. Keep the default value as it is.
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REG18: Communication Setting 1
[default value: 8CH]
Bits 7 – 2: Reserved
•
The FRH-SD07TU/TB does not use this register. Keep the default value as it is.
Bit 1: Source address check
Inhibit source address checking (default value)
Activate source address checking
Table 5–4: Source Address Check Settings
•
When the source address checking is active and the source address in the received
packet header does not match the destination address setting (REG02), the data is
discarded (data cannot be received).
Bit 0: Destination address check
Inhibit destination address checking on receipt (default)
Activate destination address checking on receipt
Table 5–5: Destination address check
•
When the destination address checking is active and the destination address in the
received packet header does not match the received modem’s local station address
(REG00), the data is discarded (data cannot be received).
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REG19: Communication Setting 2
[default value: 00H]
Bit 7: Reserved
•
The FRH-SD07TU/TB does not use this register. Keep the default value as it is.
Bit 6: Diversity Reception
Disable diversity reception (default value)
Enable diversity reception
Table 5–6: Diversity Reception Settings
•
•
•
Enable/disable diversity reception.
To enable diversity reception, set this bit to 1 and connect an antenna to Antenna
Terminal B.
Enabling diversity reception with only one antenna connected may degrade the
reception performance.
Bit 5: Broadcast Transmission Reception
Enable broadcast transmission reception (default value)
Disable broadcast transmission reception
Table 5–7: Broadcast Reception Settings
•
Enable/disable reception of broadcast transmission in packet transmission mode
(Mode 3 and 5).
Bit 4: Antenna selection
Receiving antenna is fixed to A (default value)
Receiving antenna is fixed to B
Table 5–8: Antenna Selection
•
•
At the non-diversity reception, decide the antenna terminal for the receiving
antenna fixing.
Selection of 1 fixes the receiving antenna to the terminal B. When the high gain
antenna connecting to the terminal B is used for reception, this setting would achieve
better performance than the diversity reception in some case.
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Bit 3: Extended reception
Disable extended reception (default value)
Enable extended reception
Table 5–9: Extended reception
•
•
Contention type communication in packet transmission mode (including the
headerless packet transmission mode) may cause repetitive retransmission when
two modems are in transmission state in identical timing. This results in the decrease of
response rate or the transmission failure.
This extend reception function solves such problems as above. The data packet
received during carrier sensing are received first by interrupting the on-going
transmission operation. For further detail, refer to p.24 EXTEND RECEIVING.
Bit 2: Receiving frequency change
Regularly change frequency within a group while waiting (default value)
Fix the frequency to wait while data can be regularly received.
Table 5–10: Receiving frequency change
•
Set the changing method of receiving frequency in packet transmission mode. Sets
roaming function with combining bit 1.
Bit 1: Beacon transmission
No transmission until transmission command is requested (default)
Enable regular beacon transmission.
Table 5–11: Beacon Transmission
•
•
Enable or disenable beacon transmission in packet transmission mode.
Set roaming function with combining bit 2.
Bit 0: Operation Mode
Operates in normal modem mode
Operates as a repeater
Table 5–12: Operation Mode Settings
•
Sets the modem to operate either as a normal modem or as a repeater. Effective only
in packet transmission mode (Mode 3, 4 and 5).
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REG20: RS-232C Setting 1
[default value: 05H]
Bit 7: Data Length
8 bit data bytes (default value)
7 bit data bytes
Table 5–13: Data Length Settings
Bit 6: Parity Bit
No parity bit (default value)
Parity bit
Table 5–14: Parity Settings
Bit 5: Even/Odd Parity
Even parity (default value)
Odd parity
Table 5–15: Odd/Even Parity Settings
•
Invalid when bit 6 is set to 0, without parity.
Bit 4: Stop Bit
1 stop bit (default value)
2 stop bits
Table 5–16: Stop Bit Settings
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Bits 3 – 0: Baud rate setting
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Setting
300 bps
600 bps
1200 bps
2400 bps
4800 bps
9600 bps (default)
19200 bps
38400 bps
50000 bps
62500 bps
83333 bps
100000 bps
57600 bps
115200 bps
Reserved
Reserved
Table 5–17: Baud Rate
•
Because of the limitation of internal processing speed in the processor, character output
throughput is limited up to 60 us interval. When baud rate 83333 bps and faster is
selected, the throughput which expected from its baud rate can not be obtained.
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REG21: RS-232C Setting 2
[default value: 09H]
Bits 7 – 2: Reserved
•
The FRH-SD07TU/TB does not use this register. Keep the default value as it is.
Bit 1: Flow Control
No flow control (default value)
Hardware flow control
Table 5–18 Software/Hardware Flow Control Settings
•
•
•
Selects the flow control method. This setting must match the connected terminal
equipment’s setting.
Hardware flow control uses the two control lines RTS and CTS. When using
hardware flow control, be sure that RTS and CTS lines are properly wired.
When using with the RS485 interface, be sure to set to 0.
Bit 0: Reserved
•
The FRH-SD07TU/TB does not use this register. Keep the default value as it is.
Futaba Corporation
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
REG22: RS-232C Setting 3
[default value: 00H]
Bit 7: Enable and Disable Reception
Enable reception at the initial state (default value)
Disable reception at the initial state
Table 5–19: Enable/Disable Reception
•
•
•
Select enable or disable reception at the initial state in the packet transmission mode.
The initial state is in reception enable. Depending on an usage of the modem, the
initial state of the modem may be better in the reception disable state. In such a case,
use this setting.
Issue the REN command to enable reception.
Bit 6: Reserved
•
The FRH-SD07TU/TB does not use this register. Keep the default value as it is.
Bits 5 – 4: DCD (Data Carrier Detect)
Bit 5
Bit 4
Setting
Ignore DCD input; DCD output always ON (default value)
Reserved
Remote modem’s DCD (IN) is transferred to local modem DCD (OUT).
(DCD Output = OFF at reset state)
Remote modem’s DCD (IN) is transferred to local modem DCD (OUT)
(DCD Output = ON at reset state)
Table 5–20: DCD Settings
•
When connecting to the telephone line modem, set the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem to
transfer the DCD input of the remote modem to the DCD output of the local modem.
•
Operation on Direct Transmission Mode differs. Please refer to p.127 DIRECT
TRANSMISSION MODE.
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Bits 3 – 2: DTR/DSR
Bit 3
Bit 2
Setting
Ignore DTR input; DSR output always ON (default value)
Reserved
Remote modem DTR is transferred on local modem CTS (CTS = OFF at
reset state)
Remote DTR is transferred on local modem CTS (CTS = ON at reset
state)
Table 5–21: DTR/DSR Control Settings
•
When connecting to the telephone line modem, set the FRH-SD07TU/TB modem to
allow to transmit the DTR input of the remote modem to the DSR output of the local
modem.
•
Operation on Direct Transmission Mode differs. Please refer to p.127 DIRECT
TRANSMISSION MODE.
Bits 0 – 1: RTS/CTS
Bit 1
Bit 0
Settings
Ignore RTS input; CTS output always ON
Reserved
Remote modem RTS is output on local modem CTS (CTS = OFF at reset)
Remote modem RTS is output on local modem CTS (CTS = ON at reset)
Table 5–22: RTS/CTS Control Settings
•
When hardware flow control is enabled (REG21), this setting is ignored.
•
Operation on Direct Transmission Mode differs. Please refer to p.127 DIRECT
TRANSMISSION MODE.
Futaba Corporation
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
REG23: Miscellaneous Settings
[default value: 00H]
Bit 7 – 5: reserved
•
The FRH-SD07TU/TB does not use this register. Keep the default value as it is.
Bit 4 : CR/LF addition/deletion
•
Especially used for the headerless packet transmission mode only. Refer to p.124
MEMORY REGISTER SETTING, IN HEADERLESS PACKET TRANSMISSION MODE.
Bit 3: reserved
•
The FRH-SD07TU/TB does not use this register. Keep the default value as it is.
Bit 2: RS485 collision avoidance regular interval output
No C/R code output for collision avoidance (default value)
Regularly output C/R code for collision avoidance
Table 5–23: C/R Code Regular Interval Output
•
•
•
•
Sets whether the collision avoidance function is used or not, together with bit 1.
When this bit is set to 1, responses or data will be output to RS485 line if there are
such responses or data exist in the buffer at the timeout of the RS485 Packet
Interval (REG07). If there are no such responses or data exist in the buffer, the C/R
code (0Dh) is compulsorily output.
The effective use of this function helps to shift the output timing of multi-dropped
modems on RS485 line. Eventually it avoids the data collision on the RS485 line.
To use this function, set REG23:bit 1 of all RS485 multi-dropped modems to 1. And
set all the RS485 Packet Interval (REG07) to different values more than 1.5 bytes
each. Further set this bit of the modem, the RS485 Packet Interval is set to the
longest, to 1.
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Bit 1: RS485 collision avoidance
Invalid collision avoidance function (default value)
Use collision avoidance function
Table 5–24: Collision Avoidance Function
•
•
•
•
Sets to decide whether to use the collision avoidance function or not, together with
bit 2.
When modem tried to output a response or the received data, the modem outputs only
if RS485 line is available at the timeout of RS485 Packets Interval (REG07). When
RS485 line is not available at the timeout, the modem waits for a line becomes
available and starts re-measurement of its packet interval.
Set to 1 makes it unable to output neither response nor the received data, unless other
modem(s) outputs any data to the RS485 line and interval time measuring becomes
effect.
Bit 2 is used for the purpose of resolving this problem.
Bit 0: Global addressing command response
No P0 response to global addressing command (default value)
Respond P0 response to global addressing command
Table 5–25: Global addressing command response
•
•
Set to decide whether to return “P0” response (including “P1” for the transmit
command) to the terminal equipment for the global addressing command
(commands for Addresses 240 to 254).
When the global addressing command is issued to plural modems, which are multidropped and have the same global address on RS485 line, there is a possibility
causing data collision on the RS485 line. Unless the RS485 Packet Interval is
properly set. This is because all modems return the “P0” (or P1) response to the
terminal equipment simultaneously on default memory setting. Such potential
problem can be avoided by limiting the modem to output the response to the global
addressing command is only one.
Futaba Corporation
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
REG24: Special Mode Settings
[default value: C0H]
Bit 7 – 6: reserved
•
The FRH-SD07TU/TB does not use this register. Keep the default value as it is.
Bit 5: Delay time of transmission and reception (Direct transmission mode)
Same delay time as the conventional series modem (default value)
Sets short delay time
Table 5–26: Setting of delay time of transmission and reception
•
Sets the delay time of the direct transmission mode using REG03 together.
For details, refer to p.127 DIRECT TRANSMISSION MODE
（Direct transmission mode）
）
Bit 4: DCD output（
DCD outputs in the same way as the conventional series modem.
(default value)
DCD acts as the synchronous clock output.
Table 5–27: Output of DCD direct transmission mode setting
•
Sets the direct transmission mode using REG03 together. For details, refer to p.127
DIRECT TRANSMISSION MODE.
Bit 3 – 0: reserved
•
The FRH-SD07TU/TB does not use this register. Keep the default value as it is.
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REG25: ULTRA Mode Settings
[default value: 40H]
Bit 7: ULTRA mode setting
Disable ULTRA mode (default value)
Enable ULTRA mode
Table 5–28: ULTRA mode setting
Bit 6: ULTRA mode control frequency channel setting
No control channel is used
Use control channel (default value)
Table 5–29: Control frequency channel setting
•
Sets the frequency to be wait-to-receive in the ULTRA mode. When the control
frequency is assigned, the lowest frequency of the frequency group is used as the
control frequency. For details, refer to p.141 CONTROL FREQUENCY.
Bit 5 – 0: reserved
•
The FRH-SD07TU/TB does not use this register. Keep the default value as it is.
REG26: Reserved
•
[default value: 00H]
The FRH-SD07TU/TB does not use this register. Keep the default value as it is.
Futaba Corporation
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
REG27: Frequency Band Settings
[default value: 01H]
Bit 7 – 6: reserved
•
The FRH-SD07TU/TB does not use this register. Keep the default value as it is.
Bit 5 – 4: Output clock rate of AUX terminal
Bit 5
Bit 4
Setting
No clock output (default value)
100KHz
1.14MHz
8MHz
Table 5–30: Setting of output clock rate of AUX terminal
•
Sets the operation clock rate of the output signal of the AUX terminal for the status
monitor use. Some of the status data contains high speed one-shot signals, which requires
high speed clock to properly catch. Because of higher current consumption when higher
clock rate, this parameter controls the clock rate to decrease current consumption.
•
For the function of the AUX terminal, refer to p.151 AUXILIARY INTERFACE.
Bit 3 – 0: Frequency band setting
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Setting
Invalid (forced to 0001)
2433-2479MHz (default value)
Do not set (Invalid)
01 Band
02 Band
2420-2466MHz 2MHz Separation
2423-2469MHz 2MHz Separation
Reserved
Table 5–31: Frequency band setting
•
•
For the frequency band, refer to p.35 FREQUENCY BAND.
For the FRH-SD07TB users in France and Spain, frequency usage is restricted to 02
Band because of its country’s regulatory authority. Also please refer p.35 FREQUENCY
BAND. for its details.
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SECTION
COMMAND SET DESCRIPTION
CONTENTS
COMMAND SET DESCRIPTION.......................................................................79
6.1
ARG
BCL
BIV
BST
DAS
DBM
FRQ
INI
ODA
OEN
PAS
POF
PON
RBC
RDA
REG
REN
RID
RLR
RLU
RNO
ROF
RON
RPT
RST
RTY
STS
TBC
TBN
TBR
TID
TXR
TXT
VER
COMMAND SET DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................... 80
REFERENCE ALL MEMORY REGISTERS .................................................................................. 82
CLEAR TRANSMIT AND RECEIVE BUFFERS ............................................................................. 83
REFERENCE AND SET BEACON INTERVALS ............................................................................ 84
READ BUFFER STATUS ......................................................................................................... 85
REFERENCE AND SET DESTINATION ADDRESS ....................................................................... 86
READ SIGNAL STRENGTH...................................................................................................... 87
REFERENCE AND SET FREQUENCY GROUP ............................................................................ 88
INITIALIZE ALL MEMORY REGISTERS ...................................................................................... 89
DISABLE RECEIVED DATA OUTPUT ........................................................................................ 90
ENABLE RECEIVED DATA OUTPUT ......................................................................................... 91
REFERENCE AND SET REPEATER ADDRESS ........................................................................... 92
TRANSMIT DIRECTLY TO RECEIVER ....................................................................................... 93
TRANSMIT THROUGH REPEATER ............................................................................................ 94
CLEAR RECEIVE BUFFER ...................................................................................................... 95
DISABLE W IRELESS RECEPTION ............................................................................................ 96
REFERENCE AND SET MEMORY REGISTER............................................................................. 97
RECEPTION ENABLE ............................................................................................................. 98
DISPLAY RECEIVED SERIAL ID ............................................................................................... 99
RELEASE ULTRA MODE THROUGH REPEATER.................................................................... 100
RELEASE ULTRA MODE (DIRECT) ...................................................................................... 101
REFERENCE AND SET RETRANSMISSION COUNT .................................................................. 102
RF CIRCUIT BLOCK POWER DOWN ..................................................................................... 103
RF CIRCUIT BLOCK POWER UP........................................................................................... 104
RETRANSMIT MESSAGE ...................................................................................................... 105
RESET ............................................................................................................................... 106
RETRANSMIT MESSAGE THROUGH REPEATER ..................................................................... 107
READ STATUS..................................................................................................................... 108
CLEAR TRANSMIT BUFFER .................................................................................................. 109
TRANSMIT BINARY DATA ..................................................................................................... 110
TRANSMIT BINARY DATA THROUGH REPEATER..................................................................... 111
DISPLAY LOCAL STATION SERIAL ID .................................................................................... 112
TRANSMIT TEXT DATA THROUGH REPEATER ........................................................................ 113
TRANSMIT TEXT DATA ........................................................................................................ 114
REFERENCE VERSION INFORMATION ................................................................................... 115
Futaba Corporation
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
6.1 Command Set Description
This section provides a description of each command available in the FRH command set.
The table below lists each command and it applicability in each operation mode.
Command
Function
Command to Mode
Availability
ARG
BCL
Reference All Memory Resisters
Clear Transmit and Receive Buffers
—
—
BIV
Reference and Set Beacon Interval
—
—
BST
Read Buffer Status
—
—
DAS
Reference and Set the Destination Address
—
—
DBM
Read Signal Strength
—
—
FRQ
Reference and Set Frequency Group
—
—
INI
Initialize All Memory Resisters
ODA
Disable Received Data Output
10
OEN
Enable Received Data Output
11
PAS
Reference and Set Repeater Address
—
12
POF
Transmit Directly to Receiver
13
PON
Transmit through Repeater
14
RBC
15
RDA
16
REG
Reference and Set Memory Resisters
17
REN
18
RID
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Clear Receive Buffer
—
—
Disable Wireless Reception
—
—
Enable Wireless Reception
—
—
Display Received Serial ID
—
—
19
RLR
Release ULTRA Mode Through Repeater
—
—
20
RLU
Release ULTRA Mode (Direct)
—
—
21
RNO
Reference and Set Retransmission Count
—
—
22
ROF
RF Circuit Block Power Down
23
RON
RF Circuit Block Power Up
24
RPT
Retransmit Message
—
—
25
RST
Reset
26
RTY
Retransmit Message Through Repeater
—
27
STS
Read Status
—
28
TBC
Clear Transmit Buffer
—
29
TBN
Transmit Binary Data
—
—
30
TBR
Transmit Binary Data Through Repeater
—
—
31
TID
Display Local Station Serial ID
32
TXR
Transmit Text Data Through Repeater
—
—
—
33
TXT
Transmit Text Data
—
—
—
34
VER
Reference Version Information
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
= available
= unavailable or invalid
Table 6–1: Command to Mode Availability
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The symbols used in this section have the following meaning:
> : Input character from the terminal equipment to the modem
< : Output from the modem to the terminal equipment
@ : Command header
CR/LF : Terminator (carriage return + line feed)
[ ] : Required input parameter/s Be sure to input.
( ) : Optional input parameter/s May be omitted
{} : 485 mode local station address (REG00). Be sure to
input at 485 mode
In the Syntax and Response segments of the following command descriptions the terminator
symbol (CR/LF) has been omitted for clarity.
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
ARG
Reference All Memory Registers
Syntax
ARG{Local Station Address}
Local Station Address : local station address for 485 mode (000 to 239).
Response
All settings are indicated (REG00 to REG27)
N0: command error (Except 485 mode)
Function
Recalls the contents of all 28 memory registers.
Example
>@ARG CR/LF
@BCL CR/LF
@BIV025 CR/LF
@BIV CR/LF
<025 CR/LF
Set the receiving (transmission) interval at 250 ms
command accepted
Refer the current value
025 (25 0ms) returns
Notes
Values set by the BIV command will be lost by turning the power on or resetting.
Generally, this parameter is no need to modifying. Use with the default value.
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BST
Read Buffer Status
Syntax
BST{Local Station Address}
Local Station Address : local station address for 485 mode (000 to 239).
Response
xxxxxxxx
N0
: current status (x : 0 or 1)
: command error (Except 485 mode)
Function
Reads buffers status of the modem. (Represented with an 8-bit binary number.)
Buffer Status
bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
buffer empty
data in buffer
buffer avalable
buffer full
no overflow
buffer overflow
transmit buffer
transmit buffer
reserved
buffer empty
data in buffer
buffer available
buffer full
enabled
disabled
transmit buffer
receive buffer
receive buffer
receive data output
reserved
Figure 5–1: Buffer Status Bit Description
Example
>@BST CR/LF
<00000001 CR/LF
Futaba Corporation
: read the buffer status register
: transmit buffer contains data
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DAS
Reference and Set Destination Address
Syntax
DAS(set destination address)
set destination address
Response
xxx
P0
N0
: the desired destination address (000 to 239)
: current value (reference)
: command accepted (setting)
: command error
Function
References or sets the destination address of the modem connection established
with in the headerless transmission mode (mode 5)
The current DAS value can be referenced by entering the command with no
parameter.
The DAS command is used for temporary modifying destination address. Change
the value of REG02 to change the default value.
Example
>@DAS002 CR/LF
@DAS CR/LF
<002 CR/LF
set the destination address to 002
command accepted
reference the destination address
current value output (002)
Notes
This command cannot be used in packet transmission mode.
The local station address (REG00) must be set to communicate with the remote
modem. Communication cannot be established unless the addresses coincide with
each other.
This command is not arrowed to use in 485 mode.
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DBM
Read Signal Strength
Syntax
DBM{Local Station Address}
Local Station Address : local station address for 485 mode (000 to 239).
Response
-xxxdBm
N0
: signal strength
: command error (Except 485 mode)
Function
Reads the received signal strength and outputs the value in dBm.
Higher values represent stronger signal strength and better receiving conditions.
Example
>@DBM CR/LF
<-78dBm CR/LF
: read signal strength
: signal strength is -78dBm.
Notes
The range available for measurement is –40 dBm to –100 dBm. Since the signal
strength indication has a slight error in its value, use this result for your ‘rule of a
thumb’ reference.
This command outputs the strength of last received packet.
Futaba Corporation
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
FRQ
Reference and Set Frequency Group
Syntax
FRQ(:frequency group){Local Station Address}
: combination of frequency grouping method (A to H)
and group number (00 to 23). See p.35 FREQUENCY
GROUPING more details.
Local Station Address : local station address for 485 mode (000 to 239 for
reference, 000 to 254 for setting).
frequency group
Response
xxx
P0
N0
: current value
: command accepted
: command error (Except 485 mode)
Function
References or sets the frequency grouping method and group number.
The current set value is referenced by omitting the “:frequency group” parameter
This command is for temporary use only. To change the default value, change the
settings of REG06.
Example
>@FRQ CR/LF
@FRQ:E03 CR/LF
@INI CR/LF
@ODA CR/LF
@OEN CR/LF
@ODA CR/LF
@OEN CR/LF
@PAS CR/LF
<000 CR/LF
@PON CR/LF
@PON CR/LF
@RBC CR/LF
@RDA CR/LF
@REN CR/LF
@REG00 CR/LF
<01H CR/LF
>@REG00 : 02H CR/LF
@RDA CR/LF
@REN CR/LF
@RID CR/LF
: requests the received remote station’s serial ID code
< XXXXXXXXXXXX CR/LF :outputs the received remote station’s serial ID code
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FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
RLR
Release ULTRA Mode Through Repeater
Syntax
RLR [repeater address] [destination address]{Local Station Address}
: address of repeater to pass through (000 to 239)
: address of destination station (000 to 239, set to 255 for
broadcast ULTRA mode release)
Local Station Address : local station address for 485 mode (000 to 254).
repeater address
destination address
Response
P1
P0
N0
N1
: command accepted. Transmitting, the request to release the ULTRA
mode through the repeater.
: Broadcast ULTRA mode release request transmission complete
: command error (Except 485 mode)
: ULTRA mode release request transmission complete
Function
Makes the destination station(s) in the ULTRA (Ultra Low-power Transient
Radio Access) mode return to the Active mode by transmitting ULTRA wakeup
request packet from the repeater. Local modem just send the request to the
repeater.
At the command completion, “N1” response is output from in any case (P1 to
broadcast case). To confirm that the destination station returns to the Active
mode, attempt communication with the destination station using TXR command.
Example
>@RLR100001 CR/LF
@ RLR100255 CR/LF
@RLU001 CR/LF
@ RLU002 CR/LF
@ RLU255 CR/LF
@RNO CR/LF
<050 CR/LF
>@RNO010 CR/LF
@ROF CR/LF
@RON CR/LF
@ROF CR/LF
@RON CR/LF
@TXT002HELLO CR/LF
@RPT002 CR/LF
@RPT003 CR/LF
@RST CR/LF
@TXT002HELLO CR/LF
@RTY100 CR/LF
@STS CR/LF
<00001010 CR/LF
: read the current status
: Operation Mode 3, receive data output disabled
Notes
Bit 6, the wireless link status, this bit does not valid in the modem.
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TBC
Clear Transmit Buffer
Syntax
TBC{Local Station Address}
Local Station Address : local station address for 485 mode (000 to 254).
Response
P0
N0
: command accepted
: command error (Except 485 mode)
Function
In the headerless packet mode (mode 5), clear the contents of the transmit buffer.
Example
>TBC CR/LF
TBN002005HELLO CR/LF
@TBN003004MAIL CR/LF
TBR100002005HELLO CR/LF
@TID CR/LF
: requests the modem’s local serial ID code
< XXXXXXXXXXXX CR/LF :outputs the modem’s local serial ID code
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TXR
Transmit Text Data through Repeater
Syntax
TXR [repeater address] [destination address]{Local Station Address}[message]
repeater address
destination address
Local Station Address
message
: address of repeater to pass through (000 to 239)
: address of destination station (000 to 239)
set 240 to 254 for global addressed destination
set 255 for broadcast transmission
: local station address for 485 mode (000 to 254).
: any text data (255 or less)
Response
P0
P1
P2
N0
N1
N2
N3
data transmission succeeded
command accepted, data being transmitted
data packet reached to repeater
command error (Except 485 mode)
data transmission failed -- no response from the destination station
data transmission failed -- destination station is in the reception disabled state
data transmission failed -- destination station cannot receive because its receive
buffer is full.
Function
Transmits text data in the packet transmission mode through repeater.
Any message length between 1 to 255 bytes is accepted. The completion of data
input is recognized by the terminator.
For broadcasting messages to multiple modems, set the destination address to 255.
In this case, the modem retransmits the message the number of times of the
Retransmission count plus 1, and then it will return “P0”.
In case the global addressing command is issued to plural modems connected by
RS485 multi-dropping interface, the transmission stops when any modem outputs
“P0”, “N2” or “N3” response to the RS485 line.
Example
>@TXR100002HELLO CR/LF
@TXT002HELLO CR/LF
@TXT003MAIL CR/LF
@VER CR/LF
 Receiver: RXT001HELLO CR/LF
2.
Headerless packet transmission mode (when terminator is CR/LF)
Sender: @HELLO CR/LF -> Receiver: HELLO CR/LF
3.
When the receiver is in the packet transmission mode (text mode)
Sender: @HELLO CR/LF -> Receiver: RXT001HELLO CR/LF
4.
When the receiver is in the packet transmission mode (binary mode)
Sender: @HELLO CR/LF -> Receiver: RBN001HELLO CR/LF CR/LF
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5.
When sender is in the packet transmission mode
Sender: @TXT002HELLO CR/LF -> Receiver: HELLO
When the receiver is in the packet transmission mode, be careful
about the terminator. For details, refer to REG23 of p.59 MEMORY
REGISTER DESCRIPTION.
The difference between the text mode and the binary mode does not
matter in the headerless transmission mode.
7.1.1.2
Commands for the headerless packet mode
The same command as used in the packet transmission mode can be used, but the
following commands which attempted transmission cannot be used.
TXT, TXR, TBN, TBR, RPT, RTY.
In the headerless packet transmission mode, no command for transmission is required.
But the internal processing is the same as that in the normal packet transmission mode.
Therefore, the parsing process of the transmission data array is the same as that of the
command. Accordingly, the command input timeout is valid (Note: which is fixed to 5
sec. in the headerless packet transmission mode).
7.1.1.3
Repeater in the headerless packet mode
The repeater also can be used in the headerless packet transmission mode. The
repeater address is set with the memory register or the PAS command. The repeater
itself no needs to be in the headerless packet transmission mode.
Set REG18:bit 5 whether the repeater is used or not. The address of the repeater is set
using REG13 or command.
Command to ON/OFF via the repeater.
Command for setting the repeater address.
Futaba Corporation
PON command, POF command
PAS command
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7.1.1.4
FRH-SD07TU/TB Manual
Broadcast transmission
In the headerless packet transmission mode, the broadcast transmission to multiple
modems can be performed by setting the destination address to 255. However, the sender
side cannot confirm whether the transmitted data are successfully received by all receivers or
not, because there is no ACK packet returned from the receiver modem. In the broadcast
transmission, the sender side transmits a data packet number of times that retransmission
count plus one. When successfully the data packet is received, the receiver modem outputs
the data packet to the terminal equipment without responding by ACK packet. The
retransmission-packet-data after the successful receipt is considered as the same packet and
is not output to the terminal equipment.
There are important notes using transmit commands. Be sure to
read p.158 OPERATION IMPORTANT NOTICE.
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7.1.2 Invoke transmission in headerless packet
In the headerless packet transmission mode, detection of the terminator is a recognition
of the end of the packet, and transmission starts. Though the terminator is set to CR/LF as the
default, any desired 1 byte or 2 byte characters can be set as the terminator. For details, refer
to the p.124 MEMORY REGISTER SETTING, HEADERLESS TRANSMISSION MODE.
The message data length transmittable at one time (one packet) is 255 bytes maximum.
The message data over 255 is recognized as the command error (“N0” response is
returned). When transmission starts, CTS goes OFF instead of outputting the response
“P1”. And instead of the response “P0” to complete data transmission, CTS goes ON. So,
input the subsequent transmission data after confirming that CTS goes ON, because CTS is
OFF during the transmission process.
The receiver’s address is set with the memory register or command. Broadcasting to
multiple-modems is possible by setting the receiver’s address to 255. However, the sender
end cannot confirm whether the transmitted data are successfully received by all receivers or
not, because there is no ACK packet returned from the receiver modem. In the broadcast
transmission, the sender transmits data packet number of times that the retransmission
count plus one. When successfully receiving data packet, the receiver modem outputs the
data packet to the terminal equipment without responding by ACK packet. The
retransmission packet data after the successful receipt is considered as the same packet and is
discarded.
In the headerless packet transmission mode, no response (P0 or
N1) is output to convey the transmission result. When resulting any
transmission failure, correction should be made in the upper layer
application protocol in the terminal equipment.
In the headerless packet transmission mode, the terminator is
included in the transmission data. Be noted that the data length,
including the terminator, is limited up to 255 bytes.
In the headerless packet transmission mode, continuous
transmission is impossible because this mode is fundamentally the
packet transmission mode. Since CTS is OFF during transmission,
be sure to input the subsequent transmission data after confirming that
CTS goes to ON.
In the broadcast transmission, retransmission is made until it
reaches the retransmission count. In some upper layer application
protocol, which immediately reply from the receiver side during
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sender’s retransmission, would replies during retransmission. This
case packet returned from the receiver side cannot be received. In such
a case, the retransmission count must be set to the appropriate value.
7.1.3 Example of operation
The following is an example of 3 modems communicating each other through the repeater.
7.1.3.1
Terminal software setup
Procedure 1
Set all the terminal software as follows.
bit rate:
9600 bps
data length: 8 bits
stop bits:
1 bit
parity bit:
none
flow control: hardware control (RTS/CTS)
local echo:
yes
terminator:
carriage return +line feed
Procedure 2
Check for proper communication between the terminal equipment and modems after
connecting them. Enter “@ARG CR/LF” at the terminal equipment. If functioning properly,
the set value of all 28 memory registers will be displayed on your terminal screen.
7.1.3.2
Modem setup
Procedure 1. Set REG00 (local station address) and REG02 (destination address) as
follows.
modem 1: REG00=000 REG02=001
modem 2: REG00=001 REG02=000
modem 3: REG00=002 REG02=000
Procedure 2. Set REG03 to FFH (enable headerless packet transmission mode).
Procedure 3. Set the frequency to the fixed frequency No.0 (Frequency group H)
Procedure 4. Set REG13 to 010 (repeater address).
Procedure 5. Set REG18:bit 0 to 1 (enable the destination address checking).
Procedure 6. Set REG18:bit 5 to 1 (transmit through the repeater).
The other registers shall remain at the default value.
7.1.3.3
Repeater setups
Procedure 1. Set REG00 (local station address) to 010.
Procedure 2. Set REG06 (frequency) to the fixed frequency No.0 (Frequency group H)
Procedure 3. Set REG18:bit 0 to 1 (enable the destination address check).
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Procedure 4. Set REG19:bit 0 to 1 (to use the modem as the repeater).
The other memory registers shall remain at the default value.
7.1.3.4
Communication
1. A message is transmitted from the modem 1 to the modem 2 through the repeater.
>HELLO CR/LF
2. The modem 2 outputs the received message to the terminal equipment.
>HELLO CR/LF
3. The modem 1 changes the destination address to 002 (modem 3) using the DAS
command.
>@DAS002 CR/LF Change the destination address to 002
MAIL CR/LF
5.
The modem 3 outputs the message to the terminal equipment.

67H
REG06 = 946 MODE 256 = 178
->
B2H
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8.6 OPERATION IMPORTANT NOTICE
Problems were found in the current version of FRH-SD07TU/TB (Version 1.00). Before
using this product, refer to the preventive measures described below.
8.6.1 Problem 1 (Spurious Packet Transmission)
8.6.1.1
Problem Description
At the final retransmission, when the sender modem transmits final packets due to transmit
error, ACK packet reception is started but its reception was failed, rarely the sender modem
which received ACK packet starts the repetitive “spurious packet” transmission. This
spurious packet format is same as that of ACK packet. In the receiver (remote) modem,
this spurious packet is recognized as the normal packet and starts receiving. And from
remote modem, it returns ACK to the sender modem. Again sender modem recognize this
ACK packet as a normal packet and returns ACK to the remote modem.
This sequence repeats until radio communication becomes error or next transmission
command (such as TXT or TBN) is issued. This problem tends to occurs in a
retransmission count is set to 0.
Local (address 123)
Last retransmission
Remote (address 210)
Data packet
Receive successfully
ACK
ACK receive error
Spurious packet
RXT210
C L
R F
ACK
RXT210
C L
R F
ACK
RXT210
C L
R F
ACK
RXT123 CRLF
ACK
RXT123 CRLF
ACK
RXT123 CRLF
Continue till receive error
When this problem occurs, both sender and remote modem repetitively output vacant packet
data (only header information) to the both terminal equipment.
［Example］
@TXT000AAA CR/LF
N1 CR/LF
RXT012 CR/LF
(Spurious packet)
The probability of this problem occurs, it becomes large, when the retransmission count
(which set by RNO command or REG11) is set to small.
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8.6.1.2
Preventive countermeasure
If terminal equipment (or upper layer software) detects the spurious packet (header
information only), then discard this packet, and issue RST command or force /SHUT pin
(11pin) of the serial communication connector to low. The operation results modem to
reset. Once either side modem is being reset, this repetitive spurious packet stops and the
modem returns to normal operation mode.
8.6.2 Problem 2 (Transmission Command Error)
8.6.2.1
Its problem description
In the mode 3 and 5 (packet transmission mode and headerless packet transmission
mode), when the TBN, TBR, TXR and TXT commands (or headerless transmission
command) are issued, wrong data are output to the receiver modem’s terminal equipment
under the following condition.
As shown in the example, when the transmit command becomes error, the command error
response is returned.
［Example 1］
@TXT000AAAAAAAAA.............AAA
(excessive bytes due to the input maximum of 256 byte)
N0 CR/LF
［Example 2］
@TXT000ABCDE (becomes ‘time out’ at this point)
N0 CR/LF
If the next transmit command is issued at this stage and this command is successfully
accepted and performed, the wrong data (the contents of the last transmission-command
data) are send as the radio packet and output to the receiver end terminal equipment. The
contents of the “accepted, the next” transmission command data will not be transmitted.
(Refer the following example.)
@TXT000ABCDE (becomes ‘time out’ at this point)
N0 CR/LF
@TXT000KLMN CR/LF
P1 CR/LF
P0 CR/LF
@RXT000ABCD CR/LF （KLMN will be output.）
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Preventive countermeasure
In the normal case, these problems will not arise because packets are assembled by the upper
layer software in the micro processor of the user system. To secure the operation, take the
preventive measure as described below.
If the transmit command causes command error and “N0” response is returned, initialize
the transmit command with the RST command.
@TXT000ABCDE (becomes ‘time out’ at this point)
N0 CR/LF
@RST CR/LF
P0 CR/LF
This measure cannot be used in the headerless packet transmission mode (mode 5),
because no “N0” response is output.
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8.7 Q & A
Q: Can the modem be used in factories and other “radio unfriendly” environments?
A: Because electric discharge tools, inverters, and similar machines do not generate much
noise in the 2.4 GHz band, the modem can generally be used without problems in these
environments. Problematic noise sources are microwave ovens and other wireless
equipment that operate on the same frequencies as the modem. Install the modems as far
away as possible from RF noise sources. If possible, avoid using the interfering
equipment at the same time the modems will be in use.
Q: I want to use the modem for machine control. Are there any precautions that
require consideration?
A: In normal wireless communication, the modems check each received data packet for
errors and request packet retransmission if an error is detected. And also there occurs no
data error in the normal use. However, there is still a possibility of causing some troubles
which interfere communication when RF channel is used. It is necessary to design your
system to keep your machine out of such a communication trouble.
Q: Frequencies in the 2.4 GHz band are especially susceptible to multipath fading.
What are possible remedies for this?
A: Spatial and frequency diversity are two effective multipath remedies. By connecting the
receiving antenna to the diversity antenna terminal B for FRH-SD07TU/TB, diversity
reception is possible.
Because the modem can use 24 frequency channels, frequency diversity is also possible
by setting up an appropriate frequency grouping method and allowing the modem to
automatically search and select clear frequencies.
Q: My terminal software is set correctly, but I cannot successfully communicate over
the wire link. What’s wrong?
A: Several conditions can cause this. Check each of the following symptoms and correct as
described.
1. “N0” response is immediately returned when entering a command.
This indicates a command error and could be related to typing error or entering
commands in lower case. Make sure commands are entered using capital characters
and with syntax exactly as shown in the manual.
2. “N0” response is returned after about 5 seconds.
This can be caused by not sending a carriage return and line feed together as the
command terminator (CR/LF ).
This may also occur if the terminal software’s data length and modem’s data length
settings are different. Verify the settings and try again.
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3. Partial loss of characters on the terminal screen.
Check the terminal equipment communication speed and make sure that it is set to the
same setting as the modem.
Q: Multiple slave modems are being used in packet transmission mode, but ACK
packets are not being returned. Why?
A: If the destination address checking function is disabled (REG18:bit 0), the ACK
packet being returned from multiple slave modems are interfering with each other.
Enable the destination address check function using this memory register.
Q: The modem is being used in packet transmission mode and transmission failures are
being returned (response N1). How can I correct this?
A: Verify that the master and slave modems are using the same frequency grouping
method. The higher the number of frequencies per group, the more time it will take for
the modems to connect because transmit and receive modes must scan the frequencies in
the group until they align on one frequency. Try the following:
1. Increase the retransmission count (REG11).
2. Operate the modems in the fixed frequency mode (Grouping Method H).
If it is possible in the application (little or no RF interference), it is recommended that
the modems be operated in fixed frequency mode to shorten communication times.
Q: The transmitting modem outputs a transmission failed response (N1), but data was
received normally at the receiving modem. Why?
A: The ACK packet sent by the receiving modem was not be received by the transmitting
modem for some reason. Refer to the section in p.30 PRECAUTIONS IN PACKET
TRANSMISSION MODE.
Possible solutions are:
1. Increase the retransmission count (REG11).
2. Enable antenna diversity reception function.
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8.8 Troubleshooting
Refer to the following table for troubleshooting other problems.
Phenomenon
Can’t establish wireless
connection
Can’t communicate with
terminal
Check
Is the Antenna connector connected
firmly?
Is there any microwave oven or
other SS radio around the modem?
Is the distance between two
modems too far?
Is the frequency of all modems
matched together?
Is the communication cable
connected firmly?
Are the communication settings (i.e.
baud rate, parity bit) matched
together?
Disposition
Connect the antenna connector
Keep modem distant from
obstacle
Reduce the distance till wireless
connection is made
Let REG06 the same setting
Connect the communication
cable
Let the communication settings
match together
Table 8–1: Troubleshooting
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8.9 Specification
8.9.1 Radio Characteristics
Engineering standard
RF power output
Modulation
Communication scheme
Frequency band
Frequency channel
Channel management
Data barer rate
Oscillation
Antenna diversity
Service area
RF connector
In/out of connector
FCC Part 15.247, ETS 300 440 approved (no user license required)
5mW/MHz max.
Direct sequence spread spectrum
Single communication
2420.0 to 2479.0 MHz
54 channels
（27 channels available for simultaneous communication in one area）
Fixed mode or group mode
Fixed mode: communication by fixing 1 arbitrary frequency from 54 freq.
Group mode: multi-access within a group of plural frequencies
51.9 kbps
PLL synthesizer
2 branch reception diversity
In an indoor environment: 60m radius, depending on the environment
In an outdoor environment: more than 300m (line-of-sight)
Hirose U.FL-R-SMT
30 times max. using E.FL-LP-N extractor (for exclusive use)
8.9.2 Communication Control
Radio link control
Error checking
Error handling
Multi-access function
Command control
CRC-CCITT (16 bit)
ARQ (Automatic Retransmission Request)
Connect on clearest channel from selected frequency group
8.9.3 Data Terminal Interface
Physical interface
Interface specification
Communication
Synchronization
Transmit/receive buffer
Baud rate
Flow control
Data length
Stop bit
Parity
Molex 53780-1400 (14 pins)
Mating connector: 51146-1400
Serial communication
Input CMOS level (5V tolerant with hysteresis)
Output CMOS level
Full-duplex or half-duplex system
Asynchronous
Approx. 3 k bytes in total
300 / 600 / 1200 / 2400 / 4800 / 9600 / 19200 / 38400 /50000 / 62500 / 83333
/ 100000 / 57600 / 115200 bps
Hardware flow
7 or 8 bit
1 or 2 bit
Even, odd, or none
8.9.4 Power Supplying
Supply voltage
Current consumption
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2.7 to 3.3Vdc
35 mA or less in the active mode
5 mA or less in the RF stop mode
2 mA in average in the ULTRA mode
70uA or less in the shutdown mode
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8.9.5 Environmental
Operating temperature
Storage temperature
Operating humidity
Storage humidity
Vibration resistance
Shock resistance
-20 to +50 ℃
-20 to +60 ℃
90%RH max. (no condensation)
90%RH max. (no condensation)
JIS-C-0040 (50m/s2, 10 to 150 Hz, 15 cycles
JIS-C-0041 (500m/s2)
(JIS specification is Japanese Industry Standard)
8.9.6 Miscellaneous
AUX terminal
Memory register
Case
Outer dimensions
Weight
Outputs the transmission status, diversity status and internal status
applicable connector: MOLEX 51022-055 (5 pins), terminal used: 50061
Rewritable times: approx. 1 million times
Ni plated copper plate
30 (W)×50(D)×8(H)mm
Aprox. 14g
†
Operating distances depend on the conditions such as obstructions and electrical interference. Under ideal, line-of-sight
conditions, reliable operating distances greater than specified may be achieved. Optional, directional antennas can
significantly increase the operating range.
Specifications and appearance are subject to change without prior notice.
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8.10 Dimensions
8.10.1
FRH-SD07TU/TB
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8.10.2
Communication Cable
8.10.3
Flat Printed Antenna
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8.11 Glossary of Terms
1:1, 1:n, n:m
Ratios indicating communication topology node architecture. The ratio 1:1 indicates a
system with only two nodes communicating with each other. The ratio 1:n indicates a
system with one “master” node communicating with a variable number of “slave”
nodes (also referred to as point-to-multipoint). The ratio n:m indicates a variable
number of nodes communicating with a variable number of other nodes.
ACK/NAK
In the packet transmission mode, a specific response is sent to the transmitting
modem to confirm the successful receipt of data, which is called ACK. In the
transmission through the repeater, the repeater sent a specific response to the
transmitting modem to convey that no ACK is returned from the destination modem
by the repeater, which is called NAK.
Antenna Diversity
A method commonly employed to improve the signal strength of received signals.
This method uses two independent antennas that receive signals differing in phase
and amplitude resulting a difference in the two antenna positions. Either the two
signals are summed or the strongest is accepted.
ARQ, or Automatic Retransmission Request
The method of checking transmitted data, used on virtually all high-speed data
communications systems. The sender encodes an error-detection field based on the
contents of the message and the receiver recalculates the field and compares it with
the one it received. If they match, an “ACK” (acknowledgement) is transmitted to the
sender. If they do not match, in some case, a “NAK” (negative acknowledgment) is
returned and the sender retransmits the message.
Asynchronous Communication
In this operation, the transmitting and receiving modems confirm the start and end of
1-byte data with the signal level (start bit and stop bit). As being simpler than the
synchronous system which requires to send the clock signal in addition to data, this
system is widely prevailing as the communication system of PCs. RS-232C interface
is originally the standard of the electric signal level, but actually it is called as the
asynchronous operation.
Bit
A contraction of the term “binary data”. A bit is the smallest unit of digital
information and is typically represented by a zero or one.
bps, or bits per second
The number of bits transferred per second.
Break Signal
One of a signal control signal. The data line (TxD/RxD) remains in the “Lo” state for
more than 1 byte (may be for several 100 ms). When data are sent in the
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asynchronous communication, a start bit and a stop bit are attached to separate a byte
data. For example, even if the data is “11111111”, there are the “Hi” state and the
“Lo” state for each byte. However, the break signal keeps the “Lo” state for more
than 1 byte (generally, for more than 3 bytes).
In the Modes 1 and 2 (in other FRH series employs), the break signal can be used as
the command header.
Byte
Originally from the expression “by eights” it represented a group of 8 bits. Today a
byte still represents a set of bits but of lengths specific to the computer or device
being used and can vary from 4 to 16 bits or more. Common byte lengths are from 7
to 12 bits.
Carrier sensing
In the packet transmission mode, frequencies are checked before transmission to
prevent the coincident transmission caused by multiple modems communicating in
the contention mode. This type of checking is called carrier sensing. As the
generally used term, carrier sensing means to check frequencies whether radio wave
exists or not. But with FRH-SD07TU/TB, carrier sensing function is enabled by the
correlation sensing, which is the specific feature of spread spectrum communication.
Command connection mode
This is one of the connection methods in the data transparent mode, the transmitting
modem designates the receiving address with the command to request connection.
After receiving the response from the receiving modem, the communication link is
established. Disconnection is also enabled by command. Communication switching
among multiple modems is possible.
Constant Connection Mode
In Constant Connection Mode, two FRH modems maintain a constant wireless link
whether or not regular data packets are being transmitted. Also see Automatic
Connection Mode.
CTS, or Clear To Send
In a standard RS-232C interface, this is an output for DTE devices and an input for
DCE devices. This signal is typically used to control flow from the DTE to the DCE
device.
Data Transparent Mode
Operation in which digital transmission between terminal equipments occurs without
the user or equipment being aware of any special intermediate processing or
equipment. This mode allows easy installation and compatibility of the FRH with
many systems and with no special hardware or software requirements. Data packets
are automatically assembled, transmitted and received without the need for specific
commands as are used in packet transmission mode. Also see p.18 PACKET
TRANSMISSION MODE.
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dB, or Decibel
A unit of measure for the power or strength of a signal. Given as the ratio of two
signal levels.
dBi
A decibel unit for measuring antenna gain. A unit of measurement of the gain relative
to an isotropic antenna, or one that radiates equal power in all directions.
dBm
Abbreviation for decibels above 1 mW, a unit for specifying input signal power – 1.0
mW across 600 ohms, or 0.775 V RMS (root mean square).
DCD, or Data Carrier Detect
In a standard RS-232C interface, this is an input for DTE devices and an output for
DCE devices. It indicates that the local DCE is receiving a carrier signal from the
remote DCE.
DCE, or Data Communications Equipment
A device that typically provides the interface between the DTE (Data Terminal
Equipment) and a network or another communication node. Examples of DCE
devices include modems, network interface cards, and routers.
Direct Sequence
A form of modulation (commonly used in spread spectrum communications) wherein
a code sequence is used to directly modulate a carrier, usually by phase-shift keying.
The FRH-SD07TU/TB is a Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum system. Also see
Frequency Hopping and Spread Spectrum.
DSR, or Data Set Ready
In a standard RS-232C interface, this is an output for DTE devices and an input for
DCE devices.
DTE, or Data Terminal Equipment
A PC, PLC, printer or other device that provides and accepts digital signals. Connects
to DCE devices (modem, network card, etc.).
DTR, or Data Terminal Ready
In a standard RS-232C interface, this is an output for DTE devices and an input for
DCE devices. It indicates that the DTE is powered on and ready to communicate. It
can also be used for hardware flow control.
Extended receiving function
In case of the contention-type communication in the packet transmission mode,
retransmission repeats when data are coincidentally transmitted between two or
several modems at the same time, resulting in the remarkable degradation of
response. The extended receiving function solves this problem. With the normal
receiving function, when the modem receives data during carrier sensing, it starts
repeating carrier sensing before the data is fully received. The data received during
carrier sensing is discarded. On the other hand, when the extended receiving function
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is enabled, the modem properly receives the data received during carrier sensing and
accepts to send the data to the terminal equipment. Then, the modem returns ACK
and resumes carrier sensing to continue transmission.
Fading
A gradual change in signal strength. Fade in refers to an increase in strength and fade
out refers to a decrease in signal strength.
Fade Margin
A margin of signal strength above the level required for communication under
“normal” conditions that will provide sufficient power for communication under
expected adverse conditions.
Flow Control
Hardware Flow Control:
The data flow is controlled by using RTS and CTS control lines of the RS-232C
interface. The FRH-SD07TU/TB outputs the received radio packet data when the
RTS input is ON and stops outputting the received radio packet data when the RTS
input is OFF. When the transmission buffer is near to overflow, the FRHSD07TU/TB switches the CTS output OFF and requests the terminal equipment to
stop data output. When the buffer becomes the receivable state, the FRHSD07TU/TB switches the CTS output ON to permit data output.
Software Flow Control:
One type of flow control of serial link, which controls data flow by transmitting and
receiving the specific control characters as data. Connection is very simple as no flow
control line is required. But be careful when you send or receive the binary data
because the control character cannot be distinguished from ordinary data.
The FRH-SD07TU/TB stops the output of the received radio packet data when it
receives the XOFF character (13H) and resumes the output of the received radio
packet data when it receives the XON character (11H). When the transmission buffer
is near to overflow, the FRH-SD07TU/TB outputs the XOFF character to request to
stop data input. When the buffer becomes the receivable state, the FRH-SD07T
outputs the XON character to receive the input of data.
Frequency group
The FRH-SD07TU/TB modem can use 24 different frequency channels. These 24
channels can be used independently or by grouping several frequencies and allowing
the FRH modem to automatically selecting a frequency from within the group. Mode
1 uses eight groups of three frequencies each. The frequency group configuration of
Modes 2, 3, and 4 can be changed using the associated memory registers. Separate
FRH systems can be set to different frequency groups and used in the same area
without interfering with each other.
Frequency Hopping
A spread spectrum technique in which the transmitter and receiver or transceivers in a
system change frequencies rapidly and in synchronization. In this way, the data signal
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is spread over a broad RF band through the continual frequency “hopping”. Also see
Direct Sequence and Spread Spectrum.
Full-Duplex
A type of two-way communication in which both stations can send and receive
signals or data at the same time. A telephone is an example of a full-duplex
communication device. Also see Half-Duplex.
Half-Duplex
A type of two-way communication in which both stations can send and receive
signals or data but not at the same time. When one unit is sending the other unit can
only receive. A CB radio is an example of a half-duplex communication device. The
FRH-SD07TU/TB essentially uses half-duplex transmission techniques but simulates
full-duplex communication by causing both units to switch very rapidly between
transmit and receive modes. This is also referred to as Time-Division-Duplex (TDD).
Also see Full-Duplex.
Headerless Packet Transmission Mode
The headerless packet transmission mode is a special mode of the packet transmission
mode, where data are directly input with no transmission command, as a header,
required in the packet transmission mode. Basically, this mode is the packet
transmission mode, therefore communication is possible with the modems in the
packet transmission mode. Due to its high data transparency, the application software
is quite simple or unnecessary. Suitable for the multi-terminal communication.
Multi-access
Automatic selection of an idle or clear FRH frequency from a defined group of
frequencies.
Broadcast/Multicast
This is a mode in which one FRH modem transmits the same message to multiple
receiving FRH modems simultaneously.
Multipath (Fading)
Multipath refers to the reception of the same RF signal from multiple paths such as
reception of the direct antenna-to-antenna signal and reception of a secondary signal
reflected from surrounding structures. This phenomena can cause signal fading due to
interference between the RF signals arriving from multiple paths.
Packet
A finite bundle of binary data assembled in a specific way for transmission. It
consists of the data to be transmitted and certain control information such as
destination and origination address, packet length, synchronizing bits, error detection
and correction bits, etc.
Packet Transmission Mode
The FRH-SD07TU/TB can use one of two primary modes: data transparent mode
and packet transmission mode. In packet transmission mode, fixed length segments of
data, consisting of information data and other control data, are assembled and
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transmitted as a single unit or packet of data. Each transmission is controlled with
explicit transmit commands.
Polling- and Contention-type Communication
The polling is a type of communication, where the slave station can communicate
only when it receives the polling request of message data from the master station.
The contention is another type of communication, where any station may transmit if
the channel is free; if the channel is in use, the queue of contention request may be
maintained in the predetermined sequence.
Repeater
Equipment that receives weak signals and retransmits the same data in stronger
signals. Used to extend range or overcome obstacles and horizon constraints in RF
communication systems. An FRH-SD07TU/TB can be configured as a repeater to
effectively double the normal range between two FRH modems or to allow
communication around obstacles that would otherwise block line-of-sight
transmission.
Response
One of the values to express the communication speed, indicating the time delay
required by the transmitted data to reach the receiving modem. The smaller the value
becomes, the quicker the response requiring the machine control application.
However, it must be noted that the response is not always quick when the throughput
is large.
RS-232C
Also referred to as RS-232C and currently EIA-232E, RS-232C is a set of standards
specifying electrical, functional and mechanical interfaces for communicating
between computers, terminal equipments and modems (DTE and DCE).
RTS, or Request To Send
In the standard RS-232C interface, this is an output for DTE devices and an input for
DCE devices. This signal is typically used to control flow from the DCE to the DTE
device.
Spread Spectrum
A modulation technique that spreads data over an RF bandwidth wider than would
normally be required by the content of the original data stream. This technique
provides high levels of communication reliability and security. In the modulation
system generally used for radio, the bandwidth is about the same as the frequency of
the data signal. But in the spread spectrum system, the bandwidth is much wider than
the frequency of the data signal (tens to several thousands times), in other word, the
spectrum of the data signal can be spread in a broad range, thus this system is called
the spread spectrum (SS).
i.e. Frequency Hopping and Direct Sequence. See also Direct Sequence and
Frequency Hopping.
Rev. 020510-01
Page 175
There are two main types of spread spectrum techniques: one is called the direct
sequence (DS) system where the modulated data signal is modulated to further spread,
another is the frequency hopping (FH) where the frequency of the modulated data
signal is changed rapidly. The FRH-SD07T modem uses the direct sequence system.
Direct Sequence (DS): A form of modulation (commonly used in spread spectrum
communications) wherein a code sequence is used to directly modulate a carrier,
usually by phase-shift keying (PSK). The FRH-SD07TU/TB is a Direct Sequence
Spread Spectrum system. Also see Frequency Hopping and Spread Spectrum.
Frequency Hopping (FH): A spread spectrum technique in which the transmitter and
receiver or transceivers in a system change frequencies rapidly and in
synchronization. In this way, the data signal is spread over a broad RF band through
the continual frequency “hopping”.
TDD, or Time-Division-Duplex
See Half-Duplex.
Throughput
One of the values indicating the capacity of the communication link; amount of data
available for transmission or receiving per unit time. In the transmission of large
amount of data, with the increase of data, the transmission time becomes shorter.
Since the FRH modem transmits data in packet, the throughput varies according to
the ratio of data contained in a packet.
Futaba Corporation
Rev. 020323-01
Futaba Corporation
Radio Control Equipment Group
1080 Yabutsuka Chosei
Chiba, 299-4395 JAPAN
Tel: +81 (475) 32-6173,
Fax: +81(475) 32-6179
Internet: www.futaba.co.jp
In the United States
Futaba Corporation of America
Industrial Radio Control Department
1605 Penny Lane
Schaumburg, IL 60173
Tel: (847) 884-1444, Fax: (847) 884-1635
Internet: www.futaba.com
In the Europe
Pending.
Rev. 020510-01

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