Heatcraft Refrigeration Products H Engm0408 Users Manual

H-ENGM0408 EM

H-ENGM0806 to the manual 7716b0a8-f94b-403c-b113-ebbd72203962

: Heatcraft-Refrigeration-Products Heatcraft-Refrigeration-Products-H-Engm0408-Users-Manual-564768 heatcraft-refrigeration-products-h-engm0408-users-manual-564768 heatcraft-refrigeration-products pdf

Open the PDF directly: View PDF .
Page Count: 44

Download
Open PDF In Browser	View PDF

H-ENGM0408, April 2008
(Replaces H-ENGM0806, August 2006)

Engineering Manual
Commercial Refrigeration
Cooling and Freezing
Load Calculations and Reference Guide

Expansion
Valve

Liquid Line
Solenoid Valve

FilterDrier

Head Pressure
Control Valve

Liquid Line
Sight Glass
Receiver
Heat
Exchanger

Evaporator

Suction
Filter

Suction
Accumulator

Compressor

Oil
Separator
Condenser

Forward
on these subjects. The purpose of this reference book is to furnish
the engineering, selling and servicing organizations with accurate
and useful data to simplify load calculations.

This edition of Heatcraft Refrigeration Products LLC’s, Engineering
Manual covering Commercial Refrigeration Cooling and Freezing
Load Calculations has been prepared in the form of a condensed
text and reference book.

No attempt has been made to specify a particular make of
equipment. We sincerely hope that our efforts will be a tangible
contribution to our rapidly growing industry.

The theory and principle of modern refrigeration has been
omitted due to the many excellent publications currently available

Table of Contents
	 Job Survey	

	
4
4-6

	
Refrigeration Load Calculations	
		
Sample Calculations:
		
Above 32ºF. (0ºC.)	
		
Sample Calculations:
		
Rooms Below 32ºF. (0ºC.)	
	
Refrigeration Equipment Selection	
	
Type of Operation and Air Flow	

7-9
10-12
21
22

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

				
Derating Factors	
22
General Guidelines	
23
Unit Cooler Coil Placement	
24
Sizing of Refrigerant Lines	
25-32
Psychrometric Chart	
37-39
Glossary of Refrigeration Terms	
40
Quick Selection Guide	
41
Rapid Load Calculator for Large Coolers & Freezers	
43

Refrigeration Equipment References on the World Wide Web
History of Leadership, Service
and Innovation
Bohn has been the
Supermarket Industry’s leading
brand of refrigeration products
since 1946. With an emphasis
® on innovation and the
environment, Bohn is the clear
choice for meeting the demanding needs of this industry
both in the United States and globally.

History of High Performance,
Innovation and Product Selection
Larkin has been the most trusted
brand of refrigeration products for
clean environments since 1928. With
its innovative products, it is uniquely
qualified to meet the needs of
foodservice applications as well as
mission critical applications such as
data centers.

www.thecoldstandard.com

www.larkinproducts.com

History of Dependability,
Technical Support and
Product Choice
Climate Control is the
brand that revolutionized
convenience store refrigeration in the 1970’s. Its reputation
of dependability and products designed to reduce
installation and operation costs still make it the number one
choice of convenience store owners everywhere.

Serving the Cold
Storage Industry with
Engineered Solutions
Chandler has been a
leading commercial refrigeration brand since 1933. Its
emphasis on partnership allows customers to give input
during the system design process, resulting in customized
solutions that are precisely engineered to order.

www.coldyoucancounton.com

www.chandlerref.com

™

Commercial Refrigeration Parts

www.interlinkparts.com

Right source. Right parts. Right now.
We are your link to a complete line of dependable and certified
commercial refrigeration parts, accessories and innovative electronic
controls. Dependable. Versatile. Courteous. Finally, one simple source
for all of your parts needs from a name you can trust.

© 2008 Heatcraft Refrigeration Products LLC

2

Tables
	

Table
No.
1.	 Wall heat loads	

page
No.
13

	

2.	

Insulated block K factors	

13

	

3.	

Allowance for sun effect.............................................................................13

Table
No.
	 18.	 Rapid load selection for back bars	

page
No.
19

	 19.	
		

Refrigeration requirements for hardening
ice cream	

19

	 20.	

Glass door load	

19

	 21.	
		

Summer outside air and ground
temperature design conditions	

20

	 22.	

Suction and liquid line sizes for R-134A	

25, 26

	 23.	

Suction and liquid line sizes for R-22	

27, 28

	 24.	

Suction & liquid line sizes for R-404A, R-507/AZ50	

29, 30

	 25.	
		
	 26.	
		

Pressure drop of liquid refrigerants in
vertical risers	
Equivalent feet of pipe for
valves and fittings	

	 27.	
		

Remote condenser line sizes for
R-134A, R-22, R-507/AZ50 and R-404A	

32

	 28.	 L-type tubing– weight of refrigerants in copper
	
	 lines of operating systems	

33

	 29.	
		

Fahrenheit-Celsius temperature
conversion chart	

34

	 4.	
		
		

Average air changes per 24 hours for storage
rooms above 32ºF. (0ºC.) due to door
openings and infiltration	

14

	 5.	
		
		

Average air changes per 24 hours for storage
rooms below 32ºF. (0ºC.) due to door
openings and infiltration	

14

	 6.	
		

Heat removed in cooling air to storage
room conditions (BTU per Cu. Ft.)	

	 7.	
		

Storage requirements and properties of
perishable products	

	

8.	

Heat of respiration	

17

	

9.	

Heat loads of keg and bottled beer	

18

	 10.	

Carcass weights	

18

	 11.	

Heat equivalent of electric motors	

18

	 12.	

Heat equivalent of occupancy	

18

	 13.	
		

General standards for insulation
thickness in storage rooms	

18

	

30.	

Conversion factors	

35

	 14.	

Heat gain due to operation of battery lift trucks	

18

	 31.	

Electrical formulas	

35	

	 15.	

Specific heats of various liquids and solids	

18

	 32.	

English conversion factors and data	

36

	 16.	
		

Banana room
refrigeration requirement	

19

	 33.	

English to metric conversion factors	

36

	 17.	

Meat cutting or preparation room	

19

14
15-16

31
31

3

Job Survey

Refrigeration Load Calculations

The person involved in a heat transfer calculation needs
information in order to predict accurately the heat load on a
refrigerated structure. The more complete the information, the
better the calculation. Good calculations are the first step in
assuring adequate refrigeration equipment is selected for the
project.

With the initial survey complete, the heat load calculation is
separated into the following main sources of heat for a given 24
hour period:

The initial job survey should be as complete as possible and
include the following:

Design Ambient Temperature
This is the ambient surrounding the box necessary for the load
calculations. Another ambient to be considered on air cooled
projects is the one surrounding the condensing unit which will
affect equipment selection.

Storage Temperature and Humidity Requirements
Refrigeration equipment by its nature is a dehumidification
process. We try to minimize or maximize the drying effect of the
equipment by selecting the appropriate Temperature Difference
(T.D.) between the saturated suction temperature of the
evaporator and the room air. The T.D. selected approximates the
desired relative humidity (see page 21).

Dimensions, Insulation, Type of Construction,
Exposure
This criterion lends itself to well established, straight forward
calculations, but the information while elementary, is often
omitted from the initial job survey. Transmission load for 4”
Styrofoam is double the transmission load for 4” formed in place
urethane.

Infiltration or Air Changed Load
Heat, both sensible and latent, enters an enclosure through door
openings whenever the air surrounding the enclosure is warmer
than the box temperature. Knowing the location, size and
number of the door openings and the temperature to which they
are exposed will greatly aid in determining the heat load of the
infiltration air.

Product
	
	
	
	

1.	
2.	
3.	
4.	

Type - storage requirements
Weight
Entering temperature
Pull down time

Miscellaneous Loads
	
	
	
	

1.	
2.	
3.	
4.	

Lights
Motors including fan motors, fork lifts, conveyers
People
Glass doors

Operations
	
	
	
	
	

1.	
2.	
3.	
4.	
5.	

Holding cooler or freezer
Blast cooling or freezing
Preparation, processing or cutting rooms
Distribution warehouses
Reach-in or walk-in boxes

Unusual Conditions
Electrical Service and Type of Equipment Desired

While not directly affecting refrigeration load calculations,
this is essential in the job survey to select the proper equipment.

4

	
	
	
	

1.	
2.	
3.	
4.	

Transmission load
Air change load
Miscellaneous load
Product load

Accuracy
Accuracy in calculation is the first step in having a satisfied
customer. There are short cuts, based on averages, that may
be taken and which must be used when the product load is
indefinite or unknown (see Quick Selection Guide on page 41
and the Rapid Load Calculator on page 43). But when all the data
necessary to calculate the four main sources of heat gain are
available, the complete calculation should be made.

Quick Selection Chart for Small
and Medium Coolers and Freezers
The Quick Selection Guide on page 41 may be used for a quick
comparison of heat load figured on Bulletins Above32-05 or
Below32-05 or to obtain approximate heat loads for small and
medium sized boxes. The loads are shown for a 95ºF. outside
temperature.

Rapid Load Calculator for Large Coolers and Freezers
The Rapid Load Calculator on page 43 may be used for quick
approximations of the heat load in large boxes and for a
reasonable comparison of heat loads figured on Bulletins
Above32-05 or Below32-05. The Calculator graph on page 43 is
based on the following average daily product loadings for coolers
and freezers:
		
	
Volume-	
	
Cu. Ft.	

Average Daily	
Product Loads (lbs.)	
for Coolers	

Average Daily
Product Loads (lbs.)
for Freezers

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

6,200	
8,000	
11,000	
17,000	
26,000	
33,000	
40,000	
56,000	
66,000	
110,000	
150,000	

1,600	
2,000	
2,500	
4,000	
6,200	
7,500	
9,500	
13,000	
17,000	
25,000	
34,000	

500	
3,000	
4,600	
8,100	
12,800	
16,000	
20,000	
28,000	
40,000	
60,000	
80,000	

-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	

3,000	
4,600	
8,100	
12,800	
16,000	
20,000	
28,000	
40,000	
60,000	
80,000	
up	

-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	

8,000	
11,000	
17,000	
26,000	
33,000	
40,000	
56,000	
66,000	
110,000	
150,000	
up	

-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	

2,000
2,500
4,000
6,200
7,500
9,500
13,000
17,000
25,000
34,000
up

1. Transmission Load
Methods of determining the amount of heat flow through walls,
floor and ceiling are well established. This heat gain is directly
proportional to the Temperature Difference (T.D.) between the
two sides of the wall. The type and thickness of insulation used
in the wall construction, the outside area of the wall and the
T.D. between the two sides of the wall are the three factors
that establish the wall load. Tables are provided to simplify
the calculations (see Table 1, page 13). Some coolers for above
freezing temperatures have been constructed with only a floor
slab (no floor insulation). The factors shown in the wall heat gain
(Table 1) are based on a concrete floor slab and the T.D. between
the local ground temperature and the storage room temperature.

cooler and one HP for each 12,500 C.F. in a storage freezer
which allows for fan motors and some forklift operations.
These figures can be higher in a heavily used area, i.e. loading
dock or distribution warehouse.

For freezers it becomes necessary to provide heat in the base slab
to avoid freezing of the ground water and heaving of the floor.
Minimum slab temperature should be at least 40ºF. Normally, 55ºF.
should be used for freezer applications.

2. Air Change Load
(a) Average Air Change- when the door to a refrigerated room is
opened, warm outside air will enter the room. This air must be
cooled to the refrigerated room temperature, resulting in an
appreciable source of heat gain. This load is sometimes called
the infiltration load. The probable number of air changes per
day and the heat that must be removed from each cubic foot
of the infiltrated air, are given in tables based on experience
(see Table 4, 5 & 6, page 14). For heavy usage, the infiltration
may be doubled or more.
(b) Infiltration Through a Fixed Opening- As an alternate to the
average air change method using the Psychrometric Chart
(page 37), the following formulas may be used to calculate
the infiltration resulting from natural ventilation (no wind)
through external door openings.
[ (4.88) ( door height) (area/2) (minutes open) ( temp. diff. ºF.)
(enthalpy incoming air – enthaply warehouse air) ] [ (1–X)]
Specific Volume of Incoming Air
Where X = % of heat transmission blocked by thermal barrier.
	

The air change load can be substantial and every means
should be taken to reduce the amount of infiltration entering
the box. Some effective means of minimizing this load are:

	
	
	
	
	

•	Automatic closing refrigerator doors
•	Vestibules or refrigerated anterooms
•	Plastic strip curtains
•	Air Curtains
•	Inflated bumpers on outside loading doors.

3. Miscellaneous Loads
	

Although most of the heat load in a refrigerated room
or freezer is caused by wall heat leakage, air changes and
product cooling or freezing, there are three other heat
sources that should not be overlooked prior to the selection
of the refrigeration equipment. Since the equipment has to
maintain temperature under design conditions, these loads are
generally averaged to a 24 hour period to provide for capacity
during these times.

(a) Lights- typically storage requirements are 1 to 1-1/2 watt per
square foot. Cutting or processing rooms can be double the
wattage. Each watt is multiplied by 3.42 BTU/watt to obtain a
BTUH figure. This is then multiplied by 24 to obtain a
daily figure.
(b) Motors- smaller motors are usually less efficient and tend to
generate more heat per horsepower as compared to larger
motors. For this reason Table 11, on page 18, is broken down
in to H.P. groups. Also, motors inside the refrigerated area will
reject all of their heat losses as shown in Table 11. However,
motors that are located outside but do the work inside, like
a conveyor, will reject less heat into the refrigerated space. If
powered material handling equipment is used, such as forklift
trucks, this must be included under Motor Heat Loads.
Generally only battery operated lift trucks are used in
refrigerated rooms, which represent a heat gain of 8,000 to
15,000 BTU/hr. or more over the period of operation. If motor
or loading conditions are not known, then calculate one
motor horsepower for each 16,000 cubic foot box in a storage

(c) Occupancy- People working in the refrigerated storage area
dissipate heat at a rate depending on the room temperature
(Table 12, page 18). Multiple occupancies for short periods
should be averaged over a 24 hour period. If occupancy load
is not known, allow one person per 24 hour for each 25,000
cubic foot space.

4. Product Load
	

Whenever a product having a higher temperature is placed
in a refrigerator or freezer room, the product will lose its
heat until it reaches the storage temperature. This heat load
consists of three separate components: (see Table 7, page 1516).

(a) Specific Heat- The amount of heat that must be removed
from one pound of product to reduce the temperature of this
pound by 1ºF., is called its specific heat. It has two values: one
applies when the product is above freezing; the second is
applicable after the product has reached its freezing point.
(b) Latent Heat- The amount of heat that must be removed from
one pound of product to freeze this pound is called the latent
heat of fusion.
	

Most products have a freezing point in the range of 26ºF. to
31ºF. If the exact temperature is unknown, it may be
assumed to be 28ºF.

	

There is a definite relationship between the latent heat of
fusion and the water content of the product and its specific
and latent heats.

	
	
	
	

Estimating specific and latent heats:
Sp. Ht. above freezing = 0.20 + (0.008 X % water)
Sp. Ht. below freezing = 0.20 + (0.008 X % water)
Latent Heat = 143.3 X % water

(c) Respiration- Fresh fruits and vegetables are alive. Even in
refrigerated storage they generate heat which is called the
heat of respiration. They continually undergo a change in
which energy is released in the form of heat, which varies with
the type and temperature of the product. Tabulated values are
usually in BTU/lb./24 hours (Table 8, page 17), and are applied
to the total weight of product being stored and not just the
daily turnover.
(d) Pull down Time- When a product load is to be calculated at
other than a 24 hour pull down, a correction factor must be
multiplied to the product load.
				
				
	

24 hours
Pull down Time

Note: While product pull down can be calculated, no
guarantee should be made regarding final product
temperature due to many uncontrollable factors (i.e., type of
packaging, position in the box, method of stacking, etc.)

5. Safety Factor
	

When all four of the main sources of heat are calculated,
a safety factor of 10% is normally added to the total
refrigeration load to allow for minor omissions and
inaccuracies (additional safety or reserve may be available
from the compressor running time and average loading).

5

6. Hourly Heat Load
	

The hourly heat load serves as the guide in selecting
equipment. It is found by dividing the final BTU/24 hour load
by the desired condensing unit run time.

	

35ºF. rooms with no timer	 16 hr.

	

35ºF. rooms with timer		

	
	

Blast coolers/Freezers with
positive defrost		
18 hr.

	

Storage Freezers		

	
	

25ºF. - 34ºF. coolers with hot gas
or electric defrost		

	
	

50ºF. rooms and higher with coil
temperature above 32ºF.	 20-22 hr.

18 hr.

18-20 hr.
20-22 hr.

7. Load Calculation Forms
	

To simplify the calculation and tabulation of refrigeration
loads, there are two forms available:

	
	

Bulletin Above32-05 is used for all rooms above 32ºF. (0ºC.)
Bulletin Below32-05 is used for all rooms below 32ºF. (0ºC.)

	

All data and tables necessary to fill in the Load Calculation
Forms can be found in this manual.

	

A Word of Caution: The refrigeration load calculation
methods presented in this manual are intended for use
in selecting refrigeration equipment for rooms used for
holding and sometimes pulling product temperature down.
For process or unusual applications such as blast freezing or
food processing situations, please contact our Application
Engineering Department.

6

Refrigeration Load Estimate Form
(for rooms above 32ºF) Bulletin Above32-05
Estimate for:

Estimate by:

Date:

Example: 35ºF Convenience Store Cooler With Glass Doors
Basis for Estimate
8ft. x Height
Room Dimensions: Width8
ft. x 28
Length
28
8 x (H)
1792 =
Volume: (L)
x (W)8
35 Temp
Ambient Temp 85
ºF. (Corrected for sun load) — Room

Note: Tables can be found in
Engineering Manual, H-ENG-2

ft.

50

cu. ft.
ºF. =

ºF.

T.D.

Insulation
Type

Inches

4
4
6

Ceiling
Walls
Floor

Product Load
2000
(a)
85
temp. of
200
(b)
40
temp. of

Beer
lbs./day
of
35
ºF. to
Milk
lbs./day
of
35
ºF. to

Miscellaneous
Motors (including all blower motors)0.2
224
Lights (assume 1 watt/sq.ft.)
No. of people 0
1. Transmission Loads
Ceiling: (L)28
North Wall: (L)28
South Wall: (L)28
East Wall: (W)
(L) 8
West Wall: (W)
(L) 8
Floor: (L)28
2. Air Change Load
Volume: 1792
3. Additional Loads
Electrical Motors:0.2
Electrical Lights:224
People Load: 0
10
Glass Door Load:

x 8(W)
(H)
x 8(W)
(H)
x 8(W)
x8(H)
(W)
(H)
x8(W)
x 8(W)
cu. ft.
13 x

Styrene
Styrene
Concrete

to be reduced from entering
ºF.50
Temp. Drop
ºF.
to be reduced from entering
ºF. 5
Temp. Drop
ºF.

HP
Watts

x 72
Heat Load
x 72
Heat Load
x 72
Heat Load
x 72
Heat Load
x 72
Heat Load
x125
Heat Load
Factor1.86
(Table 4) x

60
Ground Temp.

(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)

(Table 21)

16128
16128
16128
4608
4608
28000

=
=
=
=
=
=

43331

=

15000
HP x 75000 BTU/HP/24 hr.
18368
Watts x 82
—								
People
x
BTU/24 hrs. (Table 12)
192000
Doors x 19200 BTU/Door/24 hr.

=
=
=
=

Factor (Table 6)

4. Product Load: Sensible
(Product Load Figured @ 24 hr. Pulldown*)
(a) 2000	
lbs./day x 0.92
Spec. Heat (Table50
7) x
ºF. Temp Drop
(b) 200	
lbs./day x 0.93
Spec. Heat (Table 5
7) x
ºF. Temp Drop
*For product pulldown time other than 24 hrs. figure 24 hr. load x (24/Pulldown Time)

92000
930

5. Product Load: Respiration*
(a)
lbs. stored—
x
BTU/lbs./24 hrs. (Table 8)
—
—
(b)
lbs. stored—
x
BTU/lbs./24 hrs. (Table 8)
—
—
*For consideration of previously loaded product, a multiplier of (5) is normally applied to the daily
product load (Line #4)

=
=

=
=

												
Total Refrigeration Load (1+2+3+4+5) BTU/24 hrs.
												
Add 10% Safety Factor
												
Total with Safety/Factor BTU/24 hrs.

447229
44723
491952

Divide by No. of Operating Hrs. (16) to obtain BTUH Cooling Requirement
												

30747

Condensing Unit
Qty.
Model No.

Equipment Selection
Unit Cooler
Qty.
Model No.

System Capacity
BTU/hr.

2175 West Park Place Blvd. • Stone Mountain, GA 30087 • 770.465.5600 • Fax: 770.465.5990 • www.heatcraftrpd.com

7

Refrigeration Load Estimate Form
(for rooms above 32ºF) Bulletin Above32-05
Estimate for:

Estimate by:

Date:

Example: 35ºF Beef Cooler
Basis for Estimate
14
8ft. x Height
Room Dimensions: Width
ft. x16
Length
14
8 x (H)
1792
Volume: (L) 16
x (W)
=
60
Ambient Temp 95
ºF. (Corrected for sun load) — 35
Room Temp

Note: Tables can be found in
Engineering Manual, H-ENG-2

ft.
cu. ft.
ºF. =

ºF.

T.D.

Insulation
Type

Inches

Ceiling
Walls
Floor

Product Load
1000
(a)
temp. of 50
—
(b)
temp. of —

Beef
lbs./day
of
ºF. 35
to
lbs./day—
of
ºF.—
to

Miscellaneous
0.1
Motors (including all blower motors)
Lights (assume 1 watt/sq.ft.) 224
No. of people 0
1. Transmission Loads
16
Ceiling: (L)
16
North Wall: (L)
16
South Wall: (L)
East Wall: (W)
(L)
14
West Wall: (W)
(L)
14
Floor: (L)
16
2. Air Change Load
Volume:1792
3. Additional Loads
0.1
Electrical Motors:
224
Electrical Lights:
People Load:0
0
Glass Door Load:

14
x (W)
(H)
x8 (W)
(H)
x8 (W)
(H)
x8 (W)
(H)
x8 (W)
x (W)
14
cu.13
ft. x

4
4
6

Styrene
Styrene
Concrete

to be reduced from entering
15Temp. Drop
ºF.
ºF.
to be reduced from entering
—Temp. Drop
ºF.
ºF.

HP
Watts

x87
Heat Load
x87
Heat Load
x87
Heat Load
x87
Heat Load
x87
Heat Load
x Heat Load
125
Factor2.49
(Table 4) x

60
Ground Temp.

(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)

(Table 21)

19488
11136
11136
9744
9744
28000

Factor (Table 6) 58007

7500
HP x 75000 BTU/HP/24 hr.
18368
Watts x 82
—								
People
x
BTU/24 hrs. (Table 12)
—
Doors x 19200 BTU/Door/24 hr.

4. Product Load: Sensible
(Product Load Figured @ 24 hr. Pulldown*)
15 7) x
(a) 1000	
lbs./day x0.77
Spec. Heat (Table
ºF. Temp Drop
— 7) x
(b) —	
lbs./day x —
Spec. Heat (Table
ºF. Temp Drop
*For product pulldown time other than 24 hrs. figure 24 hr. load x (24/Pulldown Time)

11550
—

5. Product Load: Respiration*
—
—x
—
(a)
lbs. stored
BTU/lbs./24 hrs. (Table 8)
—
—x
—
(b)
lbs. stored
BTU/lbs./24 hrs. (Table 8)
*For consideration of previously loaded product, a multiplier of (5) is normally applied to the daily
product load (Line #4)

=
=
=
=
=
=

=

=
=
—
=
=

=
=

=
=

												
Total Refrigeration Load (1+2+3+4+5) BTU/24 hrs.
												
Add 10% Safety Factor
												
Total with Safety/Factor BTU/24 hrs.

184673
18467
203140

Divide by No. of Operating Hrs. (16) to obtain BTUH Cooling Requirement
												

12696

Condensing Unit
Qty.
Model No.

Equipment Selection
Unit Cooler
Qty.
Model No.

System Capacity
BTU/hr.

2175 West Park Place Blvd. • Stone Mountain, GA 30087 • 770.465.5600 • Fax: 770.465.5990 • www.heatcraftrpd.com

8

Refrigeration Load Estimate Form
(for rooms above 32ºF) Bulletin Above32-05
Estimate for:

Estimate by:

Date:

Basis for Estimate
Room Dimensions: Width
ft. x Length
ft. x Height
Volume: (L)
x (W)
x (H)
=
Ambient Temp
ºF. (Corrected for sun load) — Room Temp

Note: Tables can be found in
Engineering Manual, H-ENG-2

ft.
cu. ft.
ºF. =

ºF.

T.D.

Insulation
Inches

Type

Ceiling
Walls
Floor

Product Load
(a)
temp. of
(b)
temp. of

lbs./day of
ºF. to
lbs./day of
ºF. to

to be reduced from entering
ºF. Temp. Drop
ºF.
to be reduced from entering
ºF. Temp. Drop
ºF.

Miscellaneous
Motors (including all blower motors)
Lights (assume 1 watt/sq.ft.)
No. of people
1. Transmission Loads
Ceiling: (L)
North Wall: (L)
South Wall: (L)
East Wall: (W)
(L)
West Wall: (W)
(L)
Floor: (L)
2. Air Change Load
Volume:
3. Additional Loads
Electrical Motors:
Electrical Lights:
People Load:
Glass Door Load:

x (W)
(H)
x (W)
(H)
x (W)
x (W)
(H)
(H)
x (W)
x (W)

cu. ft. x

HP
Watts

x Heat Load
x Heat Load
x Heat Load
x Heat Load
x Heat Load
x Heat Load

Factor (Table 4) x

Ground Temp.

(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)

(Table 21)

=
=
=
=
=
=

Factor (Table 6)

=

HP x 75000 BTU/HP/24 hr.
Watts x 82
People x
BTU/24 hrs. (Table 12)
Doors x 19200 BTU/Door/24 hr.

=
=
=
=

4. Product Load: Sensible
(Product Load Figured @ 24 hr. Pulldown*)
(a)
lbs./day x
Spec. Heat (Table 7) x
ºF. Temp Drop
(b)
lbs./day x
Spec. Heat (Table 7) x
ºF. Temp Drop
*For product pulldown time other than 24 hrs. figure 24 hr. load x (24/Pulldown Time)
5. Product Load: Respiration*
(a)
lbs. stored x
BTU/lbs./24 hrs. (Table 8)
(b)
lbs. stored x
BTU/lbs./24 hrs. (Table 8)
*For consideration of previously loaded product, a multiplier of (5) is normally applied to the daily
product load (Line #4)

=
=

=
=

Total Refrigeration Load (1+2+3+4+5) BTU/24 hrs.
Add 10% Safety Factor
Total with Safety/Factor BTU/24 hrs.
Divide by No. of Operating Hrs. (16) to obtain BTUH Cooling Requirement
Condensing Unit
Qty.
Model No.

Equipment Selection
Unit Cooler
Qty.
Model No.

System Capacity
BTU/hr.

2175 West Park Place Blvd. • Stone Mountain, GA 30087 • 770.465.5600 • Fax: 770.465.5990 • www.heatcraftrpd.com

9

Refrigeration Load Estimate Form
(for rooms below 32ºF) Bulletin Below32-05
Estimate for:

Estimate by:

Date:

Example: -20ºF Ice Cream Hardening Freezer
Basis for Estimate
14
8 x Height
Room Dimensions: Width12
ft. x Length
ft.
12
8 x (H)
1344 =
Volume: (L) 14
x (W)
-20 Temp.
Ambient Temp 85
ºF. (Corrected for sun load) — Room

Note: Tables can be found in
Engineering Manual, H-ENG-2

ft.

105

cu. ft.
ºF. =

ºF.

T.D.

Insulation
Type

Inches

4
4
4

Ceiling
Walls
Floor

Foamed In place Ure
Foamed In place Ure
Foamed In place Ure

Product Load
—
(a)
lbs./day of—						
to be reduced from entering temp.—
of
—7) =
to freezing point of—
ºF. (Table
ºF. Initial temp. drop
							
—
and then reduced from freezing point to storage Temp. of
ºF. = (Table 7) —
100
100%@
(b)
gallons of ice cream
overrun
Miscellaneous
Motors (including all blower motors)0.2
168
Lights (assume 1 watt/sq.ft.)
No. of People 0
1. Transmission Loads
Ceiling: (L)14
North Wall: (L)14
South Wall: (L)14
East Wall: (W)
(L)12
West Wall: (W)
(L)12
Floor: (L)14
2. Air Change Load
Volume: 1344
3. Additional Loads
Electrical Motors:0.2
Electrical Lights:168
People Load: 0
10
Glass Door Load:

x12
(W)
(H)
x8(W)
(H)
x8(W)
(H)
x8(W)
(H)
x8(W)
x12
(W)

12x
cu. ft.

HP
Watts

76 Load
x Heat
76 Load
x Heat
76 Load
x Heat
x Heat
76 Load
x Heat
76 Load
x Heat
58 Load
3.49 5) x
Factor (Table

ºF.
ºF. Final temp. drop.

60
Ground Temp.

(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)

Factor (Table 6)

(Table 21)

12768
8512
8512
7296
7296
9744
56287

15000
HP x 75000 BTU/HP/24 hr.
13776
Watts x 82
—								
People
x
BTU/24 hrs. (Table 12)
—
Doors x 31200 BTU/Door/24 hr.

4. Product Load: (Table 7) (Product Load Figured @ 24 hr. Pulldown*)
­
(a) —
lbs./day—
x
Spec. Heat above freezing x
ºF. Intial—
Temp. Drop
—
­
—
lbs./day—
x
Latent Heat Fusion
lbs./day—
x
Spec. Heat below freezing x
ºF. Intial—
Temp. Drop
—
­
­ 00
425	 x
X 2.4(Table
(10 hr.
102000
(b) 1
gallons of ice cream/day
BTU/gal
19)Pull down)*
*For product pulldown time other than 24 hrs. figure 24 hr. load x (24/Pulldown Time)

=
=
=
=
=
=

=

=
=
—
=
=

=
=
=
=

												
Total Refrigeration Load (1+2+3+4+5) BTU/24 hrs.
												
Add 10% Safety Factor
												
Total with Safety/Factor BTU/24 hrs.

241191
24119
265310

Divide by No. of Operating Hrs. (18) to obtain BTUH Cooling Requirement
												

14739

Condensing Unit
Qty.
Model No.

Equipment Selection
Unit Cooler
Qty.
Model No.

System Capacity
BTU/hr.

2175 West Park Place Blvd. • Stone Mountain, GA 30087 • 770.465.5600 • Fax: 770.465.5990 • www.heatcraftrpd.com

10

Refrigeration Load Estimate Form
(for rooms below 32ºF) Bulletin Below32-05
Estimate for:

Estimate by:

Date:

Example: -10ºF Beef Freezer
Basis for Estimate
20
24
12
Room Dimensions: Width
ft. x Length
ft. x Height
20
12x (H)
5760 =
Volume: (L) 24
x (W)
-10 Temp.
100
Ambient Temp 90
ºF. (Corrected for sun load) — Room

Note: Tables can be found in
Engineering Manual, H-ENG-2

ft.
cu. ft.
ºF. =

ºF.

T.D.

Insulation
Type

Inches
Ceiling
Walls
Floor

4
4
4

Foamed In place Ure
Foamed In place Ure
Foamed In place Ure

Product Load
3000
Beef						
(a)
lbs./day
of
to be reduced from entering temp.35
of
28
7 7) =
to freezing point of
ºF. (Table
ºF. Initial temp. drop
							
-10
and then reduced from freezing point to storage Temp. of
ºF. = (Table 7) 38
—
— @
(b)
gallons of ice cream
overrun
Miscellaneous
Motors (including all blower motors)0.5
480
Lights (assume 1 watt/sq.ft.)
No. of People 0
1. Transmission Loads
Ceiling: (L)24
North Wall: (L)24
South Wall: (L)24
East Wall: (W)
(L)20
West Wall: (W)
(L)20
Floor: (L)24
2. Air Change Load
Volume: 5760
3. Additional Loads
0.5
Electrical Motors:
Electrical Lights:480
People Load: 0
0
Glass Door Load:

x20
(W)
(H)
x12
(W)
(H)
x12
(W)
(H)
x12
(W)
(H)
x12
(W)
x20
(W)
cu. 5.2
ft. x

HP
Watts

72 Load
x Heat
72 Load
x Heat
x Heat
72 Load
x Heat
72 Load
x Heat
72 Load
x Heat
50 Load
Factor 3.56
(Table 5) x

ºF.
ºF. Final temp. drop.

60
Ground Temp.

(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)

Factor (Table 6)

(Table 21)

34560
20736
20736
17280
17280
24000

=
=
=
=
=
=

106629

=

37500
HP x 75000 BTU/HP/24 hr.
39360
Watts x 82
—								
People
x
BTU/24 hrs. (Table 12)
—
Doors x 31200 BTU/Door/24 hr.

4. Product Load: (Table 7) (Product Load Figured @ 24 hr. Pulldown*)
0.77
16170
(a) 3000
lbs./day
x
Spec. Heat above 7
freezing x
ºF. Intial
Temp. Drop
3000
100
300000
lbs./day
x
Latent Heat Fusion
3000
lbs./day0.4
x
Spec. Heat below38
freezing x
ºF. Intial45600
Temp. Drop
(b)
gallons of ice cream/day
BTU/gal
19)Pull down)*
—	 x
X 2.4(Table
(10 hr.
—
*For product pulldown time other than 24 hrs. figure 24 hr. load x (24/Pulldown Time)

=
=
—
=
=

=
=
=
=

												
Total Refrigeration Load (1+2+3+4+5) BTU/24 hrs.
												
Add 10% Safety Factor
												
Total with Safety/Factor BTU/24 hrs.

679851
67985
747836

Divide by No. of Operating Hrs. (18) to obtain BTUH Cooling Requirement
												

41546

Condensing Unit
Qty.
Model No.

Equipment Selection
Unit Cooler
Qty.
Model No.

System Capacity
BTU/hr.

2175 West Park Place Blvd. • Stone Mountain, GA 30087 • 770.465.5600 • Fax: 770.465.5990 • www.heatcraftrpd.com

11

Refrigeration Load Estimate Form
(for rooms below 32ºF) Bulletin Below32-05
Estimate for:

Estimate by:

Basis for Estimate
Room Dimensions: Width
Volume: (L)
Ambient Temp

Date:

ft. x Length
ft. x Height
x (W)
x (H)
=
ºF. (Corrected for sun load) — Room Temp.

Note: Tables can be found in
Engineering Manual, H-ENG-2

ft.
cu. ft.
ºF. =

ºF.

T.D.

Insulation
Inches

Type

Ceiling
Walls
Floor

Product Load
(a)
lbs./day of
to freezing point of
ºF. (Table 7) =
and then reduced from freezing point to storage Temp. of
(b)
gallons of ice cream @
Miscellaneous
Motors (including all blower motors)
Lights (assume 1 watt/sq.ft.)
No. of People
1. Transmission Loads
Ceiling: (L)
North Wall: (L)
South Wall: (L)
East Wall: (W)
(L)
West Wall: (W)
(L)
Floor: (L)
2. Air Change Load
Volume:
3. Additional Loads
Electrical Motors:
Electrical Lights:
People Load:
Glass Door Load:

x (W)
(H)
x (W)
(H)
x (W)
(H)
x (W)
(H)
x (W)
x (W)

cu. ft. x

to be reduced from entering temp. of
ºF. Initial temp. drop
ºF. = (Table 7)
overrun

HP
Watts

x Heat Load
x Heat Load
x Heat Load
x Heat Load
x Heat Load
x Heat Load

Factor (Table 5) x

ºF.
ºF. Final temp. drop.

Ground Temp.

(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)
(Table 1)

(Table 21)

=
=
=
=
=
=

Factor (Table 6)

=

HP x 75000 BTU/HP/24 hr.
Watts x 82
People x
BTU/24 hrs. (Table 12)
Doors x 31200 BTU/Door/24 hr.

=
=
=
=

4. Product Load: (Table 7) (Product Load Figured @ 24 hr. Pulldown*)
(a)
lbs./day x
Spec. Heat above freezing x
ºF. Intial Temp. Drop
lbs./day x
Latent Heat Fusion
lbs./day x
Spec. Heat below freezing x
ºF. Intial Temp. Drop
(b)
gallons of ice cream/day x
BTU/gal (Table 19)
*For product pulldown time other than 24 hrs. figure 24 hr. load x (24/Pulldown Time)

=
=
=
=

Total Refrigeration Load (1+2+3+4+5) BTU/24 hrs.
Add 10% Safety Factor
Total with Safety/Factor BTU/24 hrs.
Divide by No. of Operating Hrs. (18) to obtain BTUH Cooling Requirement

Condensing Unit
Qty.
Model No.

Equipment Selection
Unit Cooler
Qty.
Model No.

System Capacity
BTU/hr.

2175 West Park Place Blvd. • Stone Mountain, GA 30087 • 770.465.5600 • Fax: 770.465.5990 • www.heatcraftrpd.com

12

Appendix - Tables
Table 1
Wall Heat Loads
Insulation (Inches)				
Glass		
Urethane
Fiber or	
Urethane	
(Foamed	
Poly-	
(Sprayed)	
in	
R	
Styrene		
Place)
k = .26	
k = .16	
k = .12		

Heat Load (BTU Per 24 Hours Per One Square Foot of Outside Surface)

	
	
	
	
	

Cork	
or	
Mineral	
Wool	
k = .30	

50	

55	

60	

65	

70	

75	

80	

85	

90	

95	 100	 105	 110	 115	 120

	

	

1			

4	

5.10	 204	

230	 255	

281	

306	

332	 357	

383	

408	

434	

459	

485	

510	

536	

561	 587	

		

2			

8	

3.40	 136	

153	 170	

187	

204	

221	 238	

255	

272	

289	

306	

323	

340	

357	

374	 391	

408

	

4	

3	

81	

99	

108	

117	 126	

135	

144	

153	

162	

171	

180	

189	

198	 207	

216

	

5	

4		

2	

16.4	 1.44	

58	

65	

72	

79	

87	

94	

101	

108	

115	

122	

130	

137	

144	

151	

159	 166	

173

	

6	

5	

3		

19.6	 1.20	

48	

54	

60	

66	

72	

78	

84	

90	

96	

102	

108	

114	

120	

126	

132	 138	

144

	

8	

6	

4	

3	

36	

41	

45	

50	

54	

59	

63	

68	

72	

77	

81	

86	

90	

95	

99	

108

	

10	

8		

4	

		

2		

10	

1	

40	

12.6	 1.80	

6		

				

Temperature Reduction in ºF.
(Outside Air Temperature Minus Room Temperature)

72	

45	

90	

104	

612

25	

0.90	

33	

0.72	

29	

32	

36	

40	

43	

47	

50	

54	

58	

61	

65	

68	

72	

76	

79	

83	

86

38.7	 0.60	

24	

27	

30	

33	

36	

39	

42	

45	

48	

51	

54	

57	

60	

63	

66	

69	

72

19	

22	

24	

26	

29	

31	

34	

36	

38	

41	

43	

46	

48	

51	

53	

55	

58

6	

50	

0.48	

	

Single window glass				

. 9	

27	

11	

440	

495	

550	 610	

660	

715	

770	 825	

880	

936	

990	 1050	 1100	 1160	 1210	 1270	 1320

	

Triple Window Glass				

3.4	

7	

280	

315	 350	

390	

420	

454	 490	

525	

560	

595	

630	

665	

700	

740	

770	 810	

840

6
	 ” Concrete Floor				

4.8	

5	

200	

225	 250	

275	

300	

325	 350	

375	

400	

425	

450	

475	

500	

525	

550	 575	

600

Double Window Glass			

2.2	

1080	 1215	 1350	 1490	 1620	 1760	 1890	 2030	 2160	 2290	 2440	 2560	 2700	 2840	 2970	 3100	 3240

Note: Above insulation “K” Factors [Thermal Conductivity, BTU
per (hour) (square foot) (ºF. per inch of thickness)] and heat
gain factors for Cork and Window Glasses are extracted and

reprinted by permission from ASHRAE 1972 HANDBOOK OF
FUNDAMENTALS.

Insulation Values
“K” Factor 	 -	 Insulating Value of any material is rated by its thermal conductivity
“U” Factor	 -	 Overall coefficient of heat transfer, BTU per hour/per square foot/per degree F.
“R” Factor	 -	 Thermal resistances
“X” = Inches of Insulation

	 K	 =	 UX	 =	 X/R
	 U	 =	 K/X	 =	 1/R
	 R	 =	 1/U	 =	 X/K

Table 2
Effective K Factor in Block Thickness of Insulation
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

Insulation	
Air	
Vermiculite	
Sawdust	
Cork	
Rock Wool	
Mac. Paper	
Styrofoam	
Polyurethane	

Insul. K Factor	

6”	

8”	

10”	

12”

4.65	
.47	
.45	
.38	
.30	
.28	
.24	
.16	

6.94	
2.73	
2.70	
2.62	
2.52	
2.50	
2.45	
2.36	

6.65	
2.67	
2.65	
2.57	
2.49	
2.46	
2.42	
2.33	

6.50	
2.64	
2.62	
2.55	
2.47	
2.45	
2.40	
2.33	

6.40
2.62
2.60
2.53
2.45
2.43
2.40
2.32

Note: If blocks have 3 holes, add .75 to all of the values shown. The
above data is being shown for reference purpose only - this is a very
inefficient method of construction/insulation due to:
1.	
2.	
3.	
	
4.	
	
5.	

Concrete webs are dominant factor in calculating insulating effect.
Filling techniques may leave blocks improperly filled.
No vapor seal present - moisture infiltration decreases insulation
effect.
If used for freezers, moisture will freeze inside block and break 		
out the surface of the block.
Blocks are highly subject to setting cracks- more infiltration.

Table 3
Allowance for Sun Effect

(Fahrenheit degrees to be added to the normal temperature difference for heat leakage
calculations to compensate for sun effect- not to be used for air conditioning design.)

	 Type of 	
		 Surface	

	 Dark Colored Surfaces,
		 Such as:
		 Slate Roofing	
		 Tar Roofing
		 Black Paints
	 Light Colored Surface,
		 Such as:
		 White Stone	
		 Light Colored Cement
		 White Paint
	 Medium Colored Surface,
		 Such as:
		 Unpainted Wood
		 Brick	
		 Red Tile
		 Dark Cement
		 Red, Gray or Green Paint

East	
Wall	

South	
Wall	

West	
Wall	

Flat
Roof

8	

5	

8	

20

4	

2	

4	

9

6	

4	

6	

15

13

Table 4
Average air changes per 24 hours for storage rooms
above 32ºF. (0ºC.) due to door openings and infiltration.

Table 5
Average air changes per 24 hours for storage rooms
below 32ºF. (0ºC.) due to door openings and infiltration.

		
	 Volume	
	 Cu. Ft.	

		
	 Volume	
	 Cu. Ft.	

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

200	
250	
300	
400	
500	
600	
800	
1,000	
1,500	

Air		
Changes	 Volume	
Per 24hrs.	 Cu. Ft.	
44.0	
38.0	
34.5	
29.5	
26.0	
23.0	
20.0	
17.5	
14.0	

2,000	
3,000	
4,000	
5,000	
6,000	
8,000	
10,000	
15,000	
20,000	

Air		
Changes	 Volume	
Per 24hrs.	 Cu. Ft.	
12.0	
9.5	
8.2	
7.2	
6.5	
5.5	
4.9	
3.9	
3.5	

25,000	
30,000	
40,000	
50,000	
75,000	
100,000	
150,000	
200,000	
300,000	

Air
Changes
Per 24hrs.
3.0
2.7
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.1
1.0

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

200	
250	
300	
400	
500	
600	
800	
1,000	
1,500	

Air		
Changes	 Volume	
Per 24hrs.	 Cu. Ft.	
33.5	
29.0	
26.2	
22.5	
20.0	
18.0	
15.3	
13.5	
11.0	

2,000	
3,000	
4,000	
5,000	
6,000	
8,000	
10,000	
15,000	
20,000	

Air		
Changes	 Volume	
Per 24hrs.	 Cu. Ft.	
9.3	
7.4	
6.3	
5.6	
5.0	
4.3	
3.8	
3.0	
2.6	

25,000	
30,000	
40,000	
50,000	
75,000	
100,000	
150,000	
200,000	
300,000	

Air
Changes
Per 24hrs.
2.3
2.1
1.8
1.6
1.3
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.85

Note: For heavy usage multiply the above values by 2.0
For long storage multiply the above values by 0.6	

Table 6
Heat removed in cooling air storage room conditions
(BTU per Cu. Ft.)
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

Storage				
Temperature of Outside Air
Room	
40ºF. (4.4ºC.)	
50ºF. (10ºC.)	
85ºF. (29.4ºC.)	
90ºF. (32.2ºC.)	
95ºF. (35ºC.)	
Temp.				 Relative Humidity of Outside Air, %
ºF.	
ºC.	
70	
80	
70	
80	
50	
60	
50	
60	
50	
60	
55	
12.8	
–	
–	
–	
–	
1.12	
1.34	
1.41	
1.66	
1.72	
2.01	
50	
10.0	
–	
–	
–	
–	
1.32	
1.54	
1.62	
1.87	
1.93	
2.22	
45	
7.2	
–	
–	
–	
–	
1.50	
1.73	
1.80	
2.06	
2.12	
2.42	
40	
4.4	
–	
–	
–	
–	
1.69	
1.92	
2.00	
2.26	
2.31	
2.62	
35	
1.7	
–	
–	
0.36	
0.41	
1.86	
2.09	
2.17	
2.43	
2.49	
2.79	
30	
-1.1	
0.24	
0.29	
0.58	
0.66	
2.00	
2.24	
2.26	
2.53	
2.64	
2.94	
25	
-3.9	
0.41	
0.45	
0.75	
0.83	
2.09	
2.42	
2.44	
2.71	
2.79	
3.16	
20	
-6.7	
0.56	
0.61	
0.91	
0.99	
2.27	
2.61	
2.62	
2.90	
2.97	
3.35	
15	
-9.4	
0.71	
0.75	
1.06	
1.14	
2.45	
2.74	
2.80	
3.07	
3.16	
3.54	
10	
-12.2	
0.85	
0.89	
1.19	
1.27	
2.57	
2.87	
2.93	
3.20	
3.29	
3.66	
5	
-15.0	
0.98	
1.03	
1.34	
1.42	
2.76	
3.07	
3.12	
3.40	
3.48	
3.87	
0	
-17.8	
1.12	
1.17	
1.48	
1.56	
2.92	
3.23	
3.28	
3.56	
3.64	
4.03	
-5	
-20.6	
1.23	
1.28	
1.59	
1.67	
3.04	
3.36	
3.41	
3.69	
3.78	
4.18	
-10	
-23.3	
1.35	
1.41	
1.73	
1.81	
3.19	
3.49	
3.56	
3.85	
3.93	
4.33	
-15	
-26.1	
1.50	
1.53	
1.85	
1.92	
3.29	
3.60	
3.67	
3.96	
4.05	
4.46	
-20	
-28.9	
1.63	
1.68	
2.01	
2.00	
3.49	
3.72	
3.88	
4.18	
4.27	
4.69	
-25	
-31.7	
1.77	
1.80	
2.12	
2.21	
3.61	
3.84	
4.00	
4.30	
4.39	
4.80	
-30	
-34.4	
1.90	
1.95	
2.29	
2.38	
3.86	
4.05	
4.21	
4.51	
4.56	
5.00	

Table 3, 4 & 5 extracted and reprinted by permission from ASHRAE 1972 Handbook of Fundamentals.
Table 6 extracted and reprinted by permission from ASHRAE 1967 Handbook of Fundamentals.

14

100ºF. (37.8ºC.)
50	
2.06	
2.28	
2.47	
2.67	
2.85	
2.95	
3.14	
3.33	
3.51	
3.64	
3.84	
4.01	
4.15	
4.31	
4.42	
4.66	
4.78	
4.90	

60
2.44
2.65
2.85
3.65
3.24
3.35
3.54
3.73
3.92
4.04
4.27
4.43
4.57
4.74
4.86
5.10
5.21
5.44

Table 7
Storage requirements and properties of perishable products
						
Storage Conditions
			
		
Highest	
		
Storage	
Relative	
Approximate	
Freezing	
	
Commodity	
Temp.	
Humidity	
Storage	
Point	
	
(Alphabetical Listing)	
ºF.	
%	
Life*	
ºF.	
	
Apples	
	
Apricots	
	
Artichokes (Globe)	
	
Asparagus	
	
Avocados	
	
Bananas	
	
Beans (Green or Snap)	
		 Lima	
	
Beer, Keg	
		 Bottles, Cans	
	
Beets, Topped	
	
Blackberries	
	
Blueberries	
	
Bread, Baked	
		 Dough	
	
Broccoli, Sprouting	
	
Brussels Sprouts	
	
Cabbage	
	
Carrots, Topped, Mature	
	
Cauliflower	
	
Celery	
	
Cherries, Sour	
		 Sweet	
	
Chocolate (Coating)	
	
Cocoa	
	
Coconut	
	
Coffee (Green)	
	
Collards	
	
Corn, Sweet (Fresh)	
	
Cranberries	
	
Cucumbers	
	
Currants	
	
Daily Products
		 Cheddar Cheese	
		 Processed Cheese	
		 Butter	
		 Cream	
		 Ice Cream	
		 Milk, Fluid Whole
			 Pasteurized, Grade A	
			 Condensed Sweet	
			 Evaporated	
	
Dates (Dried)	
	
Dewberries	
	
Dried Fruits	
	
Eggplant	
	
Egg, Shell	
		 Shell, Farm Cooler	
		 Frozen, Whole	
	
Endive (Escarole)	
		 Figs, Dried	
		 Fresh	
	
Fish, Fresh	
		 Haddock, Cod	
		 Salmon	
			 Smoked	
		 Shellfish, Fresh	
		 Tuna	
	
Furs and Fabric	
	
Garlic, Dry	
	
Gooseberries	
	
Grapefruit	
	
Grapes, American Type	
		 European Type	
	
Greens, Leafy	
	
Guavas	
	
Honey	
	
Horseradish	
	
Kale		
	
Kohlrabi	
	
Leeks, Green	
	
Lemons	
	
Lettuce Head	
	
Limes	48 - 50	

Specific	
Heat	
Above	
Freezing	
BTU/lb./F	

Specific	
Heat	
Below	
Freezing	
BTU/lb./F	

Latent	
Heat	
of	
Fusion	
BTU/lb.	

Product
Loading
Density
Approx.
lb./Cu. Ft.

30 - 40	
31 - 32	
31 - 32	
32 - 36	
45 - 55	
55 - 65	
40 - 45	
32 - 40	
35 - 40	
35 - 40 	
32	
31 - 32	
31 - 32	
—	
35 - 40	
32	
32	
32	
32	
32	
32	
31 - 32	
30 - 31	
50 - 65	
32 - 40	
32 - 45	
35 - 37	
32	
32	
36 - 40	
50 - 55	
31 - 32	

90	
90	
95	
95	
85 - 90	
85 - 90	
90 - 95	
90	
—	
65 or below	
95 - 100	
95	
90 - 95	
—	
85 - 90	
95	
95	
95 - 100	
98 - 100	
95	
95	
90 - 95	
90 - 95	
40 - 50	
50 - 70	
80 - 85	
80 - 85	
95	
95	
90 - 95	
90 - 95	
90 - 95	

3 -8 months	
1 - 2 weeks	
2 weeks	
2 -3 weeks	
2 -4 weeks	
—	
7 - 10 days	
1 week	
3 - 8 weeks	
3 - 6 months	
4 - 6 months	
3 days	
2 weeks	
1 - 3 months	
3 - 72 hours	
10 - 14 days	
3 - 5 weeks	
3 - 4 months	
5 - 9 months	
2 - 4 weeks	
1 - 2 months	
3 - 7 days	
2 - 3 weeks	
2 - 3 months	
1 year, plus	
1 - 2 months	
2 - 4 months	
10 - 14 days	
4 - 8 days	
2 - 4 months	
10 - 14 days	
10 - 14 days	

29.3	
30.1	
29.9	
30.9	
31.5	
30.6	
30.7	
31.0	
28.0	
28.0	
30.1	
30.5	
29.7	
16 to 20	
—	
29.0	
30.5	
30.4	
29.5	
29.0	
31.1	
29.0	
28.8	
95 - 85	
—	
30.4	
—	
30.6	
30.9	
30.4	
31.1	
30.2	

0.87	
0.88	
0.87	
0.94	
0.72	
0.80	
0.91	
0.73	
0.92	
0.92	
0.90	
0.88	
0.86	
0.70	
0.75	
0.92	
0.88	
0.94	
0.90	
0.93	
0.95	
0.87	
0.84	
0.55	
—	
0.58	
0.30	
0.90	
0.79	
0.90	
0.97	
0.88	

0.45	
0.46	
0.45	
0.48	
0.40	
0.42	
0.47	
0.40	
—	
—	
0.46	
0.46	
0.45	
0.34	
—	
0.47	
0.46	
0.47	
0.46	
0.47	
0.48	
—	
—	
0.30	
—	
0.34	
0.24	
—	
0.42	
0.46	
0.49	
0.45	

121	
122	
120	
134	
94	
108	
128	
94	
129	
129	
126	
122	
118	
46 - 53	
—	
130	
122	
132	
126	
132	
135	
120	
—	
40	
—	
67	
147 - 21	
—	
106	
124	
137	
120	

28
30
—
25
19
—
14
—
—
—
23
19
19
—
—
13
—	
17
22
16
30
18
—
—
—
—
—
—
16
22
20
—	

40	
40	
40	
35 - 40	
-20 to -15	

65 - 70 	
65 - 70	
75 - 85	
—	
—	

6 months	
12 months	
1 months	
2 - 3 weeks	
3 - 12 months	

8.0	
19.0	
-4 to 31	
31.0	
21.0	

0.50	
0.50	
0.50	
0.66 - 0.80	
0.66 - 0.70	

0.31	
0.31	
0.25	
0.36 - 0.42	
0.37 - 0.39	

53	
56	
23	
79 - 107	
86	

40
40
—
—
25

32 - 34	
40	
40	
0 or 32	
31 - 32	
32	
45 - 50	
29 - 31	
50 - 55	
0 or below	
32	
32 - 40	
31 - 32	
30 - 35	
30 - 35	
30 - 35	
40 - 50	
30 - 33	
30 - 35	
34 - 40	
32	
31 - 32	
50 - 60	
31 - 32	
30 - 31	
32	
45 - 50	
38 - 50	
30 - 32	
32	
32	
32	
32 or 50 - 58	
32 - 34	
85 - 90	

—	
—	
—	
75 or less	
90 - 95	
50 - 60	
90 - 95	
80 - 85	
70 - 75	
—	
95	
50 - 60	
85 - 90	
90 - 95	
90 - 95	
90 - 95	
50 - 60	
86 - 95	
90 - 95	
45 - 55	
65 - 70	
90 - 95	
85 - 90	
85 - 90	
90 - 95	
95	
90	
50 - 60	
95 - 100	
95	
95	
95	
85 - 90	
95 - 100	
6 - 8 weeks	

2 - 4 months	
15 months	
24 months	
6 - 12 months	
3 days	
9 - 12 months	
7 - 10 days	
5 - 6 months	
2 - 3 weeks	
1 year, plus	
2 - 3 weeks	
9 - 12 months	
7 - 10 says	
5 - 15 days	
15 days	
15 days	
6 - 8 months	
3 - 7 days	
15 days	
several years	
6 - 7 months	
2 - 4 weeks	
4 - 6 weeks	
2 - 8 weeks	
3 - 6 months	
10 - 14 days	
2 - 3 weeks	
1 year, plus	
10 - 12 months	
3 - 4 months	
2 - 4 weeks	
1 - 3 months	
1 - 6 months	
2 - 3 weeks	
29.1	

31.0 	
5.0	
29.5	
3.7	
27.0	
—	
30.6	
28.0	
28.0	
28.0	
31.9	
—	
27.6	
28.0	
28	
28	
—	
28.0	
28.0	
—	
30.5	
30.0	
30.0	
29.7	
28.1	
30.0	
—	
—	
28.7	
31.1	
30.2	
30.7	
29.4	
31.7	
0.89	

0.93	
0.42	
0.79	
0.36	
0.88	
0.31 - 0.41	
0.94	
0.73	
0.73	
0.73	
0.94	
0.39	
0.82	
0.70 - 0.86	
0.82	
0.71	
0.70	
0.83 - 0.90	
0.76	
—	
0.69	
0.90	
0.91	
0.86	
0.86	
0.91	
0.86	
0.35	
0.78	
0.89	
0.92	
0.88	
0.91	
0.96	
0.46	

0.46	
0.28	
0.42	
0.26	
—	
0.26	
0.48	
0.40	
0.40	
0.42	
0.48	
0.27	
0.43	
0.38 - 0.45	
0.43	
0.39	
0.39	
0.44 - 0.46	
0.41	
—	
0.40	
0.46	
0.46	
0.44	
0.44	
0.48	
—	
0.26	
0.42	
0.46	
0.47	
0.46	
0.46	
0.48	
122	

125	
40	
106	
29	
—	
20 - 37	
132	
96	
96	
106	
132	
34	
112	
89 - 112	
112	
92	
92	
113 - 125	
100	
—	
89	
126	
126	
116	
116	
136	
—	
26	
104	
124	
128	
126	
127	
136	
32

—
—
—
24
—
45	
—
19
19
41
—
45
21
—
35
33
—
—
35
—
—
19
30
29
29
32
—
—
—
—
—
—
33
25

* Not based on maintaining nutritional value.	

Reprinted by permission from 1974 ASHRAE Applications Handbook.

15

Table 7 Continued
						
Storage Conditions
			
		
Highest	
		
Storage	
Relative	
Approximate	
Freezing	
	
Commodity	
Temp.	
Humidity	
Storage	
Point	
	
(Alphabetical Listing)	
ºF.	
%	
Life*	
ºF.	
	
Maple Sugar	
	
Mangoes	
	
Meat
		 Bacon, Cured (Farm Style)	
		 Game, Fresh	
		 Beef, Fresh	
		 Hams and Shoulders, Fresh	
			 Cured	
		 Lamb Fresh	
		 Livers, Frozen	
		 Pork, Fresh	
		 Smoked Sausage	
			 Fresh	
		 Veal, Fresh	
	
Melons, Cantaloupe	
		 Honeydew and Honey Ball	
		 Watermelons	
	
Mushrooms	
	
Milk		
	
Nectarines	
	
Nuts (dried)	
	
Okra		
	
Oleomargarine	
	
Olives, Fresh	
	
Onions (Dry) and Onion Sets	
		 Green	
	
Oranges	
		 Orange Juice, Chilled	
	
Papayas	
	
Parsley	
	
Parsnip	
	
Peaches and Nectarines	
	
Pears		
	
Peas, Green	
	
Peppers, Sweet	
	
Peppers, Chili (Dry)	
	
Persimmons	
	
Pineapples, Ripe	
	
Plums, Including Fresh Prunes	
	
Pomegranates	
	
Popcorn, Unopened	
	
Potatoes, Early Crop	
		 Late Crop	
	
Poultry, Fresh Chicken	
		 Fresh Goose	
		 Fresh Turkey	
	
Pumpkins	
	
Quinces	
	
Radishes- Spring, Prepacked	
	
Raisins (Dried)	
	
Rabbits, Fresh	
	
Raspberries, Black	
		 Red	
	
Rhubarb	
	
Rutabagas	
	
Salsify	
	
Spinach	
	
Squash, Summer	
		 Winter	
	
Strawberries, Fresh	
	
Sugar, Maple	
	
Sweet Potatoes	
	
Syrup, Maple	
	
Tangerines	
	
Tobacco, Cigarettes	
		 Cigars	
	
Tomatoes, Mature Green	
		 Firm Ripe	
	
Turnips, Roots	
	
Vegetables (Mixed)	
	
Yams		
	
Yeast, Compressed
		 Baker’s	

Specific	
Heat	
Below	
Freezing	
BTU/lb./ºF	

Latent	
Heat	
of	
Fusion	
BTU/lb.	

Product
Loading
Density
Approx.
lb/Cu. Ft.

75 - 80	
55	

60 - 65	
85 - 90	

1 year, plus	
2 - 3 weeks	

—	
30.3	

0.24	
0.85	

0.21	
0.44	

7	
117	

—
—

60 - 65	
32	
32 - 34	
32 - 34	
60 - 65	
32 - 34	
-10 - 0	
32 - 34	
40 - 45	
32	
32 - 34	
36 - 40	
45 - 50	
40 - 50	
32	
34 - 40	
31 - 32	
32 - 50	
45 - 50	
35	
45 - 50	
32	
32	
32 - 48	
30 - 35	
45	
32	
32	
31 - 32	
29 - 31	
32	
45 - 50	
32 - 50	
30	
45	
31 - 32	
32	
32 - 40	
50 - 55	
38 - 50	
32	
32	
32	
50 - 55	
31 - 32	
32	
40	
32 - 34	
31 - 32	
31 - 32	
32	
32	
32	
32	
32 - 50	
50 - 55	
31 - 32	
75 - 80	
55 - 60	
31	
32 - 38	
35 - 46	
35 - 50	
55 - 70	
45 - 50	
32	
32 - 40	
60	

85	
80 - 85	
88 - 92	
85 - 90	
50 - 60	
85 - 90	
90 - 95	
85 - 90	
85 - 90	
85 - 90	
90 - 95	
90 - 95	
90 - 95	
80 - 90	
90	
—	
90	
65 - 75	
90 - 95	
60 - 70	
85 - 90	
65 - 70	
95	
85 - 90	
—	
85 - 90	
95	
98 - 100	
90	
90 - 95	
95	
90 - 95	
60 - 70	
90	
85 - 90	
90 - 95	
90	
85	
90	
90	
85 - 90	
85 - 90	
85 - 90	
70 - 75	
90	
95	
60 - 70	
90 - 95	
90 - 95	
90 - 95	
95	
98 - 100	
98 - 100	
95	
85 - 95	
70 - 75	
90 - 95	
60 - 65	
85 - 90	
60 - 70	
85 - 90	
50- 56	
60 - 65	
85 - 90	
85 - 90	
95	
90 - 95	
85 - 90	

4 - 6 months	
1 - 6 weeks	
1 - 6 weeks	
7 - 12 days	
0 - 3 years	
5 - 12 days	
3 - 4 months	
3 - 7 days	
6 months	
1 - 2 weeks	
5 - 10 days	
5 - 15 days	
3 - 4 weeks	
2 - 3 weeks	
3 - 4 days	
7 days	
2 - 4 weeks	
8 - 12 months	
7 - 10 days	
1 year, plus	
4 - 6 weeks	
1 - 8 months	
3 - 4 weeks	
3 -12 weeks	
3 - 6 weeks	
1 - 3 weeks	
1 - 2 months	
4 - 6 months	
2 - 4 weeks	
2 - 7 months	
1 - 3 weeks	
2 - 3 weeks	
6 months	
3 - 4 months	
2 - 4 weeks	
2 - 4 weeks	
2 - 4 weeks	
4 - 6 months	
0 - 2 months	
5 - 8 months	
1 week	
1 week	
1 week	
2 - 3 months	
2 - 3 months	
3 - 4 weeks	
9 - 12 months	
1 - 5 days	
2 - 3 days	
2 - 3 days	
2 - 4 weeks	
4 - 6 moths	
2 - 4 months	
10 - 14 days	
5 - 14 days	
4 - 6 months	
5 - 7 days	
1 year, plus	
4 - 7 months	
1 year, plus	
2 - 4 weeks	
6 months	
2 months	
1 - 3 weeks	
4 - 7 days	
4 - 5 months	
1 - 4 weeks	
3 - 6 months	

—	
28 - 29	
28 - 29	
28 - 29	
—	
28 - 29	
—	
28 - 29	
—	
26.0	
28 - 29	
29.9	
30.3	
31.3	
30.4	
31	
30.4	
—	
28.7	
—	
29.4	
30.6	
30.4	
30.6	
—	
30.4	
30.0	
30.4	
30.3	
29.2	
30.9	
30.7	
—	
28.1	
30.0	
30.5	
26.6	
—	
30.9	
30.9	
27.0	
27.0	
27.0	
30.5	
28.4	
30.7	
—	
—	
30.0	
30.9	
30.3	
30.1	
30.0	
31.5	
31.1	
30.3	
30.6	
—	
29.7	
—	
30.1	
25.0	
25.0	
31.0	
31.1	
30.1	
30.0	
28.5	

0.30 - 0.43	
0.80	
0.70 - 0.84	
0.58 - 0.63	
0.52 - 0.56	
0.68 - 0.76	
—	
0.46 - 0.55	
0.68	
0.89	
0.71 - 0.76	
0.93	
0.94	
0.97	
0.93	
0.93	
0.90	
0.22 - 0.25	
0.92	
0.38	
0.80	
0.90	
0.91	
0.90	
0.91	
0.82	
0.88	
0.84	
0.90	
0.86	
0.79	
0.94	
0.30	
0.84	
0.88	
0.88	
0.87	
0.31	
0.85	
0.82	
0.79	
0.57	
0.64	
0.92	
0.88	
0.95	
0.47	
0.74	
0.84	
0.87	
0.96	
0.91	
0.83	
0.94	
0.95	
0.91	
0.92	
0.24	
0.75	
0.48	
0.90	
—	
—	
0.95	
0.94	
0.93	
0.90	
0.79	

0.24 - 0.29	
0.42	
0.38 - 0.43	
0.34 - 0.36	
0.32 - 0.33	
0.38 - 0.51	
0.41	
0.30 - 0.33	
0.38	
0.56	
0.39 - 0.41	
0.48	
0.48	
0.48	
0.47	
0.49	
0.49	
0.21 - 0.22	
0.46	
0.25	
0.42	
0.46	
—	
0.46	
0.47	
0.47	
0.45	
0.44	
0.46	
0.45	
0.42	
0.47	
0.24	
0.43	
0.45	
0.45	
0.48	
0.24	
0.44	
0.43	
0.42	
0.34	
0.37	
0.47	
0.45	
0.48	
0.32	
0.40	
0.44	
0.45	
0.48	
0.47	
0.44	
0.48	
0.48	
0.48	
0.42	
0.21	
0.40	
0.31	
0.46	
—	
—	
0.48	
0.48	
0.47	
0.45	
0.40	

18 - 41	
115	
89 - 110	
67 - 77	
57 - 64	
86 - 100	
100	
46 - 63	
86	
93	
92 - 100	
132	
132	
132	
130	
124	
119	
4 - 8	
128	
22	
108	
124	
—	
124	
128	
130	
122	
112	
124	
118	
106	
132	
17	
112	
122	
118	
112	
19	
116	
111	
106	
67	
79	
130	
122	
134	
43	
98	
122	
121	
134	
127	
113	
132	
135	
127	
129	
7	
97	
51	
125	
—	
—	
134	
134	
130	
130	
105	

57
—
—
37
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
25
24
27
—
64
—
25
—
—
—
—
22
34
—
—
—
36
33
47
23
41
—
—
25
22
—
—
42
—
38
—
25
—
—
—
45
22
—
—
—
—
—
31
—
—
40
—
25
—
—
—
—
25
21
—
25
—

31 - 32	

—	

—	

—	

0.77	

0.41	

102	

—

* Not based on maintaining nutritional value.

16

Specific	
Heat	
Above	
Freezing	
BTU/lb./ºF	

Table 8
Heat of Respiration (Approx.)
			
			
	
Product	
32ºF.	
			
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

Apples	
Apricots	
Avocados	
Bananas	
Blackberries	
Blueberries	
Cherries	
Cherries, Sour	
Cranberries	
Figs, Mission	
Gooseberries	
Grapefruit	
Grapes - American	
Grapes - European	
Lemons	
Limes	
Melons - Cantaloupe	
Melons - Honey Dew	
Oranges	
Peaches	
Pears	
Plums	
Raspberries	
Strawberries	
Tangerines	

0.25 - 0.45	
0.55 - 0.63	
—	
—	
1.70 - 2.52	
0.65 - 1.10	
0.65 - 0.90	
0.63 - 1.44	
0.30 - 0.35	
—	
0.74 - 0.96	
0.20 - 0.50	
0.30	
0.15 - 0.20	
0.25 - 0.45	
—	
0.55 - 0.63	
—	
0.22 - 0.50	
0.45 - 0.70	
0.35 - 0.45	
0.20 - 0.35	
1.95 - 2.75	
1.35 - 1.90	
1.63	

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

Artichokes (Globe)	
Asparagus	
Beans, Green or Snap	
Beans, Lima	
Beets, Topped	
Broccoli	
Brussels Sprouts	
Cabbage	
Carrots, Topped	
Cauliflower	
Celery	
Corn, Sweet	
Cucumber	
Garlic	
Horseradish	
Kohlrabi	
Leeks	
Lettuce, Head	
Lettuce, Leaf	
Mushrooms	
Okra	
Olives	
Onions, Dry	
Onions, Green	
Peas, Green	
Peppers, Sweet	
Potatoes, Immature	
Potatoes, Mature	
Potatoes, Sweet	
Radishes with Top	
Radishes, Topped	
Rhubarb, Topped	
Spinach	
Squash Yellow	
Tomatoes, Mature Green	
Tomatoes, Ripe	
Turnips	
Vegetables, Mixed	

2.48 - 4.93	
2.95 - 6.60	
—	
1.15 - 1.60	
1.35	
3.75	
1.65 - 4.15	
0.60	
1.05	
1.80 - 2.10	
0.80	
3.60 - 5.65	
—	
0.33 - 1.19	
0.89	
1.11	
1.04 - 1.78	
1.15	
2.25	
3.10	
—	
—	
0.35 - 0.55	
1.15 - 2.45	
4.10 - 4.20	
1.35	
—	
—	
—	
1.59 - 1.89	
0.59 - 0.63	
0.89 - 1.44	
2.10 - 2.45	
1.30 - 1.41	
—	
0.50	
0.95	
2.00	

			

			

	 Caviar, Tub	
—	
	 Cheese, American	
—	
		 Camembert	
—	
		 Limburger	
—	
		 Roquefort	
—	
		 Swiss	
—	
	 Flowers, Cut		

BTU / LB. / 24 Hrs.
Storage Temperature Degree F.
40ºF.	
FRUITS

60ºF.	

0.55 - 0.80	
0.70 - 1.00	
—	
—	
5.91 - 5.00	
1.00 - 1.35	
1.40 - 1.45	
1.41 - 1.45	
0.45 - 0.50	
1.18 - 1.45	
1.33 - 1.48	
0.35 - 0.65	
0.60	
0.35 - 0.65	
0.30 - 0.95	
0.45	
0.96 - 1.11	
0.45 - 0.55	
0.65 - 0.80	
0.70 – 1.00	
2.20	
0.45 - 0.75	
3.40 - 4.25	
1.80 - 3.40	
2.93	

1.50 - 3.40
2.33 - 3.74
6.60 - 15.35
2.30 - 2.75	
7.71 - 15.97
3.75 - 6.50	
5.50 - 6.60
3.00 - 5.49
—
2.37 - 3.52
2.37 - 3.52
1.10 - 2.00
1.75
1.10 - 1.30
1.15 - 2.50
1.485
3.70 - 4.22
1.20 - 1.65
1.85 - 2.60
3.65 – 4.65
4.40 - 6.60
1.20 - 1.40
9.05 - 11.15
7.80 - 10.15
—

3.48 - 6.56	
5.85 - 11.55	
4.60 - 5.70	
2.15 - 3.05	
2.05	
5.50 - 8.80	
3.30 - 5.50	
0.85	
1.75	
2.10 - 2.40	
1.20	
5.30 - 6.60	
—	
0.63 - 1.08	
1.19	
1.78	
2.15 - 3.19	
1.35	
3.20	
7.80	
6.05	
—	
0.90	
3.00 - 7.50	
6.60 - 8.00	
2.35	
1.30	
0.65 - 0.90	
0.85	
2.11 - 2.30	
0.85 - 0.89	
1.19 - 2.00	
3.95 - 5.60	
1.55 - 2.04	
0.55	
0.65	
1.10	
4.00	

8.49 - 15.90
11.00 - 25.75
16.05 - 22.05
11.00 - 13.70
3.60
16.90 - 25.00
6.60 - 13.75
2.05
4.05
4.70 - 5.40
4.10
19.20
1.65 - 3.65
1.18 - 3.00
3.59
5.37
9.08 - 12.82
3.95
7.20
—	
15.8
2.37 - 4.26
1.20
7.25 - 10.70
19.65 - 22.25
4.25
1.45 - 3.40
0.75 - 1.30
2.15 - 3.15
7.67 - 8.50
3.04 - 3.59
3.41 - 4.97
18.45 - 19.00
8.23 - 9.97
3.10
2.80
2.65
—

V E G E TA B L E S

MISCELLANEOUS

—	
—	
—	
—	
—	
—	
0.24 BTU / 24 Hrs. / Sq. Ft. Floor Area

1.91
2.34
2.46
2.46
—	
2.33

ºF. Other

@ 68º 4.2 – 4.6
@ 70º 5.7 - 7.5

@ 50º 11.0

@ 45º 2.0

17

Table 9
Heat Loads of Keg and Bottled Beer
	 Type and Size	
	 of Container	
	 Wood
		 One Keg	
		 Half Keg	
		 Quarter Keg	
		 Eighth Keg	
	 Aluminum
		 Half Keg	
		 Quarter Keg	
		 Eighth Keg	
	 Steel
		 Half Keg	
		 Quarter Keg	
	 Bottles
		 6 oz.	
		 7 oz.	
		 8 oz.	
		 9 oz.	
		 12 oz.	
	 Cases of 24 - 12 oz.
		 Bottles/Cans	

Table 13
General standard for insulation thickness in storage rooms

(BTU / 24 HR)

Temperature Reduction of Beer only. ºF.
60	 50	 40	 30	 20	 15	 10	
—	
—	
—	
—	

—	
—	
—	
—	

12000	
5600	
3200	
1640	

—	
—	
—	

—	
—	
—	

5200	 3900	 2600	 1950	 1300	 650
2560	 1920	 1280	 960	 640	 320
1400	 1050	 700	 525	 350	 175

—	
—	

—	
—	

4800	 3600	 2600	 1800	 1200	 600
2400	 1800	 1200	 900	 600	 300

32	
37	
42	
47	
60	

27	
31	
35	
38	
50	

22	
25	
28	
30	
40	

9000	
4650	
2400	
1230	

6000	
3100	
1600	
820	

5

4500	 3000	 1500
2325	 1550	 775
1200	 800	 400
615	 410	 205

16	
20	
21	
23	
30	

10.8	
124	
14.0	
15.2	
20	

8.1	
9.3	
10.5	
11.4	
15	

5.4	
6.2	
7.0	
76	
10	

2.7
3.1
3.5
3.8
5.0

1920	 1600	 1280	 960	

640	

480	

320	

160	

Average		
Weight	
Specific	
lbs.	
Heat	
550	
0.77	
150	
0.76	
45	
0.76	
180	
0.54	

Entering	
Carcass	
Temp. ºF.	
106	
104	
101	
106	

Final
Carcass
Temp. ºF.
35
35
33
35

Table 11
Heat equivalent of electric motors
			
			
		
Connected	
	
Motor	
Load In	
	
HP	
Refr Space1	
	 1/8 to 1/2	
4,250	
	
1/2 to 3	
3,700	
	
3 to 20	
2,950	

BTU per (HP) (HR)
Motor	
Losses	
Outside	
Refr Space2	
2,545	
2,545	
2,545	

Connected
Load
Outside
Refr Space3
1,700
1,150
400

1

For use when both useful output and motor losses are dissipated
within refrigerator space: motors driving fans for forced circulation
unit coolers.
2
For use when motor losses are dissipated outside refrigerated space
and useful work of motor is expended within refrigerated space:
pump on a circulating brine or chilled water system, fan motor outside refrigerated space driving fan circulating air within refrigerated
space.
3
For use when motor heat losses are dissipated within refrigerated
space and useful work expended outside of refrigerated space: motor
in refrigerated space driving pump or fan located outside of space.

Table 12
Heat equivalent of Occupancy
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

18

Storage 	
Temperature	
ºF.	
-50º to -25º	
-25º to -0º	
0º to 25º	
25º to 40º	
40º and up	

ºC.	
-45º to -32º	
-32º to -18º	
-18º to -4º	
-4º to 5º	
+5º and up	

Desirable Insulation
Thickness in Inches
Styrofoam	
Urethane
8	
6
6	
4
4	
4
4	
3-4
2	
2

Table 14
Heat gain due to operation of battery operated lift truck
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

Battery	
operated	
load capacity	
lb.	
2,000	
4,000	
6,000	
8,000	

Heat Gain	
per hour of	
truck operation	
BTU / hr.*	
14,000	
21,000	
23,000	
26,000	

Approximate
total weight
of lift truck
lb.
6,000
8,000
12,000
14,000

* Heat gain from lift trucks with internal combustion engines can
be approximated by multiplying the engine horsepower by 2,545
by the number of hours of operation (BTU/24 Hrs.)

Table 10
Carcass Weight
		
		
	 Carcass	
	
Cattle	
	 Calves	
	 Sheep	
	
Hogs	

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

Cooler	
Temperature ºF.	
50	
40	
30	
20	
10	
0	
-10	

Heat Equivalent / Person
BTU / 24 Hrs.
17,280
20,160
22,800
25,200
28,800
31,200
33,600

Table 15
Specific heats of various liquids and solids
				
	
Name			
	 Liquids
		 Acetic Acid	
		 Alcohol-Ethyl	
		 Alcohol-Methyl	
		 Calcium Chloride	
			 Brine (20% by wt.)	
		 Carbon
			 Tetrachloride	
		 Chloroform	
		 Gasoline	
		 Glycerine	
		 Olive Oil	
		 Toluene	
		 Turpentine	
	 Solids
		 Aluminum	
		 Asphalt	
		 Bakelite	
		 Brickwork	
		 Brass	
		 Bronze	
		 Concrete	
		 Glass	
		 Ice	
		 Ice	
		 Iron (Cast)	
		 Lead	
		 Paper	
		 Porcelain	
		 Rubber Goods	
		 Sand	
		 Steel	
	 Woods
		 Fir	0.650	
		 Oak	
		 Pine	

Specific Heat
BTU/lb./ºF.	

Temp ºF.

0.522	
0.680	
0.610	

79 - 203
32 - 208
59 - 68

0.744	

68

0.201	
0.234	
0.500	
0.575	
0.471	
0.404	
0.420	

68
68
32 - 212
59 - 120
44
68
68

0.214	
0.220	
0.350	
0.200	
0.090	
0.104	
0.156	
0.200	
0.465	
0.487	
0.120	
0.031	
0.320	
0.180	
0.480	
0.191	
0.120	

—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
-4
32
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

—
0.570	
0.670	

—
—

Banana Ripening Room
Banana hands or cluster shipped greens in fiberboard cartons,
10” x 16” x 22”, holding 42 lb. net (47 lbs. gross weight) with
864 boxes (3,288) lbs, net in a carload lot. Temperature held 56 to
58ºF.
Ripening facility consists of 5 or more air tight rooms to permit a
completely weekly turn-over (1/2 carload room, measuring 30’ x
6’ x 22’H outside, holds 432 boxes packed, 24 boxes each on 18
pallets stacked 3 high by 6 long). Ripening process started with
ethylene gas and ripening schedules maintained by control of
room temperatures.

Evaporators are selected at a T.D. of 15ºF., or less, with evaporator
temperature controlled at no less than 40ºF. Approximately 12.5
cfm at 2/3” to 3/4” static per 41 lb. box of bananas.
Pull down load for 1ºF./hr. pull down rate based on maximum heat
of respiration of 2.5 BTU/lb. and 0.8 sp. ht. for bananas and 0.4 for
fiberboard boxing, plus minimal wall losses etc., 80 to 85 BTU/hr./
box of bananas. Holding load approximately 44 BTU/hr./box.
Extracted from ASHRAE 1974 APPLICATION HANDBOOK.
Loading: 5.3 lbs./Cu. Ft. of box, 11.28 lbs. net per pallet

Evaporator	
BTU Per	
10º TD	
36000	
72000	
144000	

Table 17
Meat Cutting/Prep Room Load	
	 Floor	
	
SQ FT	
		
	 100	
	 200	
	 300	
	 400	
	 500	
	 600	
	 700	
	 800	
	 900	
	 1000	
	 1200	

Approx. 65% R.H.
Room Temp.
55ºF.	
50ºF.
93	
105
88	
99
85	
95
81	
90
78	
87
75	
85
72	
81
69	
78
67	
75
65	
73
62	
69	

Approx.	
CFM Air	
Volume	
6000	
12000	
24000	

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

Back Bar	
Length in feet	
6 Feet	
8 Feet	
10 Feet	
12 Feet	
15 Feet	
20 Feet	

BTU/Hour Load Based on
16 Hour Compressor Operation
1,060
1,416
1,770
2,120
2,650
3,540

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

Overrun	
Percent	
60	
70	
80	
90	
100	
110	
120	

Hardening Load, BTU
per Gal. Ice Cream
532
500
470
447
425
405
386

Percentage overrun =
Wt. per gal. of mix - Wt. per gal. of ice cream
100 x
	
Wt. per gal. of ice cream
Ice cream assumed at 25ºF., and 30% frozen, entering
hardening room.

Table 16
Banana Rooms – Refrigeration Requirements
Number	
Boxes	
Prod.	
432	
864	
1728	

(Based on 2” glass fiber or equivalent insulation and 50ºF., T.D.)

Table 19
Refrigeration requirements for hardening ice cream

Heating is provided to bring the load up to temperature before
ripening process is initiated. 12 to 20 Kw per carload. (Electric
heater sheath temperature not over 600ºF. in dead still air).

		
	
Room	
	
Size	
	 1/2 Car	
	
1 Car	
	
2 Car	

Table 18
Rapid load selection for back bars

Elect.
Heat
Input
6Kw
12Kw
24Kw

(BTU/HR/SQ FT of floor area)

Room Loads based on continuous
operation and includes allowance
for average number of personnel,
processing equipment, etc., with
glass panel in one wall and walls
and ceiling insulated with 3” of
styrene with box located in air
conditioned area. Evaporator
should be low outlet velocity type
to avoid drafts and should be
selected for continuous operation
and not less than 30ºF. evap. temp.

To retain a smooth texture in hardened ice cream, it
is necessary to freeze the remaining water content
rapidly. With forced air circulation, time to harden
will be about 10 hours with room maintained at
-20. Hardening rooms are usually sized to allow for
minimum of 3 times the daily peak production and for
a stock of all flavors with the size based on 10 gallons
per sq. ft. stacked solid 6 ft. high, including space for
isles.
Reprinted by permission from
ASHRAE 1974 APPLICATION HANDBOOK
Table 20
Glass Door Loads
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

Box	
Temperature	
+35	
+30	
0	
-10	
-20	

BTU per
Door
1060
960
1730
1730
1730

* Adjusted for 16-18 hour run time. Multiply number of doors
times door load above and add to box load.

19

Table 21

Summer outside air and ground temperature design conditions

Extracted by permission from Handbook of Air Conditioning, Heating and
Ventilation. Second Edition, by Strock and Koral, Industrial Press.

			
			
	
State	
City	

Design	
Design	
Ground
Dry Bulb	 Wet Bulb	
Temp.
ºF.	
ºC.	
ºF.	
ºC.	
ºF.	

ºC.

			
			
	
State	
City	

Design	
Design	
Ground
Dry Bulb	 Wet Bulb	
Temp.
ºF.	
ºC.	
ºF.	
ºC.	
ºF.	

ºC.

	 Alabama	
		

Birmingham	
Mobile	

95	
95	

35	
35	

78	
80	

26	
27	

70	
75	

21
24

	 Nebraska	

Omaha	

95	

35	

78	

26	

60	

16

	 Alaska	

Fairbanks	

82	

28	

64	

18	

40	

4

Reno	

95	

35	

65	

18	

65	

18

	 Arizona	
		
		

Phoenix	
Tucson	
Yuma	

105	
105	
110	

41	
41	
43	

76	
72	
78	

24	
22	
26	

80	
80	
80	

27
27
27

	 Nevada	
	
	 New Hamp.	

Concord	

90	

32	

73	

23	

55	

13

	 Arkansas	

Little Rock	

95	

35	

78	

26	

70	

21

Atlantic City	
Newark	
Trenton	

95	
95	
95	

35	
35	
35	

78	
75	
78	

26	
24	
26	

65	
65	
65	

18
18
18

	 California	
		
		
		

Bakersfield	
Fresno	
Los Angeles	
San Francisco	

105	
105	
85	
85	

41	
41	
29	
29	

70	
74	
65	
65	

21	
23	
18	
18	

75	
80	
65	
65	

24
27
18
18

Santa Fe	

90	

32	

65	

18	

65	

18

Albany	
Buffalo	
New York	

93	
93	
95	

34	
34	
35	

75	
73	
75	

24	
23	
24	

60	
65	
65	

16
18
18

	 Colorado	

Denver	

95	

35	

64	

18	

60	

16

	 Connecticut	
		

Hartford	
New Heaven	

93	
95	

34	
35	

75	
75	

24	
24	

65	
65	

18
18

	 New Jersey	
		
		
	
	 New Mexico	
	
	 New York	
		
		
	
	 N. Carolina	
		
		

Asheville	
Charlotte	
Raleigh	

93	
95	
95	

34	
35	
35	

75	
78	
78	

24	
26	
26	

70	
70	
70	

21
21
21

	 Delaware	

Wilmington	

95	

35	

78	

26	

65	

18

Bismarck	

95	

35	

73	

23	

50	

10

	 Dist. of Col.	

Washington	

95	

35	

78	

26	

65	

18

	 Florida	
		
		

Jacksonville	
Miami	
Tampa	

95	
91	
95	

35	
33	
35	

78	
79	
78	

26	
26	
26	

80	
80	
80	

27
27
27

	 North Dakota	
	
	 Ohio	
		
		
		

Cincinnati	
Cleveland	
Columbus	
Toledo	

95	
95	
95	
95	

35	
35	
35	
35	

78	
75	
76	
75	

26	
24	
24	
24	

65	
65	
60	
65	

18
18
16
18

	 Georgia	
		
		

Atlanta	
Augusta	
Savannah	

95	
98	
95	

35	
37	
35	

76	
76	
78	

24	
24	
26	

72	
75	
75	

21
24
24

	 Oklahoma	
		

Okla. City	
Tulsa	

101	
101	

38	
38	

77	
77	

25	
25	

65	
65	

18
18

	 Oregon	

Portland	

90	

32	

68	

20	

70	

21

	 Hawaii	

Honolulu	

85	

29	

73	

23	

80	

27

	 Idaho	

Boise	

95	

35	

65	

18	

60	

16

	 Pennsylvania	
		
		
		

Erie	
Philadelphia	
Pittsburgh	
Scranton	

93	
95	
95	
95	

34	
35	
35	
35	

75	
78	
75	
75	

24	
26	
24	
24	

65	
70	
65	
65	

18
21
18
18

	 Illinois	
		

Chicago	
Peoria	

95	
96	

35	
36	

75	
76	

24	
24	

60	
60	

16
16

	 Rhode Island	

Providence	

93	

34	

75	

24	

65	

18

	 Indiana	
		

Fort Wayne	
Indianapolis	

95	
95	

35	
35	

75	
76	

24	
24	

60	
60	

16
16

	 S. Carolina	
		

Charleston	
Greenville	

95	
95	

35	
35	

75	
76	

26	
24	

75	
75	

24
24

	 Iowa	
		

Des Moines	
Sioux City	

95	
95	

35	
35	

78	
78	

26	
26	

60	
60	

16
16

	 South Dakota	 Sioux Falls	

95	

35	

75	

24	

55	

13

	 Kansas	
		

Topeka	
Wichita	

100	
100	

38	
38	

78	
75	

26	
24	

60	
60	

16
16

	 Tennessee	
		
		
		

Chattanooga	
Knoxville	
Memphis	
Nashville	

95	
95	
95	
95	

35	
35	
35	
35	

76	
75	
78	
78	

24	
24	
26	
26	

70	
70	
70	
70	

21
21
21
21

	 Kentucky	

Louisville	

95	

35	

78	

26	

65	

18

	 Louisiana	
		

New Orleans	
Shreveport	

95	
100	

35	
38	

80	
78	

27	
26	

75	
70	

24
21

	 Maine	

Portland	

90	

32	

73	

23	

60	

16

	 Texas	
		
		
		
		
		

Amarillo	
Dallas	
El Paso	
Galveston	
Houston	
San Antonio	

100	
100	
100	
95	
95	
100	

38	
38	
38	
35	
35	
38	

72	
78	
69	
80	
80	
78	

22	
26	
21	
27	
27	
26	

70	
70	
70	
75	
75	
75	

21
21
21
24
24
24

	 Maryland	
		

Baltimore	
Cumberland	

95	
95	

35	
35	

78	
75	

26	
24	

65	
65	

18
18

Salt Lake City	

95	

35	

65	

18	

60	

16

	 Mass.	
		

Boston	
Springfield	

92	
93	

33	
34	

75	
75	

24	
24	

65	
65	

18
18

Burlington	

90	

32	

73	

23	

60	

16

	 Michigan	
		
		

Detroit	
Grand Rap.	
Saginaw	

95	
95	
95	

35	
35	
35	

75	
75	
75	

24	
24	
24	

60	
60	
60	

16
16
16

	 Utah	
	
	 Vermont	
	
	 Virginia	
		
		

Norfolk	
Richmond	
Roanoke	

95	
95	
95	

35	
35	
35	

78	
78	
76	

26	
26	
24	

75	
70	
70	

24
21
21

	 Minnesota	

Minneapolis	

92	

33	

77	

25	

60	

16

	 Washington	
		

Seattle	
Spokane	

85	
93	

29	
34	

65	
65	

18	
18	

75	
60	

24
16

	 Mississippi	

Vicksburg	

95	

35	

78	

26	

75	

24

	 West Virginia	
		

Charleston	
Wheeling	

95	
95	

35	
35	

75	
75	

24	
24	

65	
65	

18
18

	 Missouri	
		

Kansas City	
St. Louis	

100	
95	

38	
35	

76	
78	

24	
26	

60	
60	

16
16

	 Wisconsin	
		

Green Bay	
Milwaukee	

95	
95	

35	
35	

75	
75	

24	
24	

55	
55	

13
13

	 Montana	

Helena	

95	

35	

67	

19	

55	

13

	 Wyoming	

Cheyenne	

95	

35	

65	

18	

55	

13

20

Refrigeration Equipment Selection
General
When the hourly BTU load has been determined, equipment can
now be selected based on the information obtained in the initial
job survey. Some of the factors affecting equipment selection are:
	
	
	
	

1.	
2.	
3.	
4. 	

Equipment Balance
Temperature Difference (T.D.)
Capacity Control/Product Safety
Type of Operation/Air Flow

1. Equipment Balance

For Storage Rooms Below 32ºF. (0ºC.)
In low temperature rooms the amount of dehydration of
unwrapped products is proportional to the T.D. Since the
prevention of excess dehydration is important and since low
temperature condensing unit capacities drop off sharply as the
suction temperature reduced, it is considered good practice to use
a maximum T.D. of 10ºF.
T.D.’s can be approximated by dividing the unit cooler capacity at
a 1º T.D. into the condensing unit capacity at the desired saturated
suction temperature (S.S.T.) for example:

The condensing unit is generally selected first to have capacity
greater than the calculated cooling or freezing load. The
unit cooler(s) must be selected to balance the capacity of the
condensing unit.
The capacity of the condensing unit should be selected at a
suction temperature (after correction for suction line pressure
drop) which will balance with the unit cooler(s) at a desirable
T.D. between the refrigerant in the unit cooler and the air in the
refrigerated storage room. The condensing unit capacity must also
be selected at a condensing temperature corresponding to the
condensing medium (ambient air or water) temperature available
at the job location.

2. Temperature Difference
For Storage Rooms Above 32ºF. (0ºC.)
The nature of the product determines the desirable relative
humidity for the storage room. The desirable relative humidity,
in turn, dictates the approximate design T.D. between the air in
storage room and the refrigerant in the unit cooler.
For the general purpose cooler involving meats, vegetables, and
dairy products, it is common procedure to balance the low side
to the condensing unit at a 10ºF. to 12ºF. T.D.. It has been learned
by experience that if this is done, one may expect to maintain in
a cooler 80% to 85% relative humidity, which is a good range for
general storage.
Load Calculation Example 2 (page 8) involved the cooling and
storage of beef. The table shows that the recommended T.D.
is approximately 10ºF. Since the calculated load per hour based
on 16 hr. of condensing unit operation was 12696 BTU/hr., the
condensing unit to be selected should have a greater capacity
than 12696 BTU/hr. based on a suction temperature of +23ºF.
(10ºF. T.D. plus 2ºF. allowance for suction line pressure drop).
The unit cooler to be selected should have a minimum base
capacity (BTU/º T.D.) of 12696/10º T.D. or 1270 BTU/º T.D./hr. to be
sure that the unit cooler is large enough to balance properly with
the condensing unit.

Condensing Unit Capacity at S.S.T.
Evaporating Capacity at 1º T.D.

= T.D.

Recommended Temperature Differences (T.D.)
for Four Classes of Foods (Forced Air Unit Coolers)
	Class	

T.D.	

Approx. RH	

Description of Product Classes

	 1	
7º - 9ºF.	
90%	
				
				
				

Results in a minimum amount of moisture
evaporation during storage. Includes
vegetables, produce, flowers,
unpackaged ice and chill rooms.

	 2	
10º - 12ºF.	
80 - 85%	
				
				
				
				

Includes general storage & convenience
store coolers, packaged meats and
vegetables, fruits and similar products.
Products require slightly lower relative
humidity levels than those in Class I.

	 3	
12º - 16ºF.	
65 - 80%	
				
				
				
				

Includes beer, wine, pharmaceuticals,
potatoes and onions, tough skin fruits
such as melons & short term packaged
products. These products require only
moderate relative humidity.

	 4	
17º - 22ºF.	
50 - 65%	
				
				
				
				

Includes prep and cutting rooms, beer
warehouses, candy or film storage and
loading docks. These applications need
only low relative humidities or are
unaffected by humidity.

3. Product Safety/Capacity Control
In large boxes, it is recommended that the load be divided among
multiple units. A load that requires more than a 10 HP unit should
be split to provide the customer with some refrigeration level in the
event of mechanical failure. In addition, as refrigeration is selected
for the 1% worst occurrence of the year, multiple units provide for
some capacity control. In low load situations some units can be
turned off and the box maintained adequately with a fraction of
the horsepower necessary for the summer operation. Multiple units
on staged start up also cut the demand charges assessed by the
utility company which cut your customer’s electric bill.

Low relative humidity requirements permit higher T.D. which in
turn will allow selection of unit coolers with small base ratings
(BTU/hr./º T.D.)

21

4. Type of Operation/Air Flow

B. Altitude

Two important considerations in the selection and location of the
unit cooler are uniform air distribution and air velocities which are
compatible with the particular application.

Most manufacturers rate their equipment at sea level conditions.
An increase in altitude results in a decrease in air density. While
the fans on direct drive equipment will deliver a constant cubic
feet per minute of air regardless of density, the thinness of the
air will affect capacity performance. Belt drive equipment can be
speeded up to compensate for the decrease in air density.

The direction of the air and air throw should be such that there
is movement of air where there is a heat gain; this applies to the
room walls and ceiling as well as the product. The unit cooler(s)
should be arranged to direct its discharge air at any doors or
openings, if it all possible. Avoid placing the unit cooler in a
position close to a door where it may induce additional infiltration
in to the room; this can cause fan icing and a condition known as
hoar-frost. Also, avoid placing a unit in the air stream of another
unit, because defrosting difficulties can result.

Effects of Altitude on Air Cooled Equipment
	 Altitude	
Absolute	 Pressure	
	
Feet			
	 Above			
	
Sea			
	 Level	
In. Hg.	
PSIA	

Air Changes = (total cfm*) x 60
internal room volume
	
* includes all unit coolers and auxiliary fans
This equation disregards the air motion which is induced by the
discharge air from the unit cooler. For simplicity, the gross volume
of the room is used unless the product and equipment occupy
more than 10% of the volume. Specific applications such as
cutting rooms and banana ripening rooms have desired limits. The
table below indicates the minimum and maximum quantities of air
for particular applications.

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

Recommended Air Changes/Hour

C. Suction Temperature

For general storage coolers and holding freezers, there are not
criteria for air velocities within the room. The total supply of air
is such that approximately 40 to 80 air changes occur each hour.
This is an air conditioning term which is calculated as follows:

	
	

Type of Application	

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

Holding freezer	
Packaged Holding center	
Cutting Room	
Meat Chill Room	
Boxed Banana Ripening	
Vegetables and Fruit Storage	
Blast Freezer	
Work Areas	
Unpackaged Meat Storage	

Recommended Number	
of Air Changes
Minimum	
Maximum
40	
40	
20	
80	
120	
30	
150	
20	
30	

80
80
30
120
200
60
300
30	
60

Derating Factors
	
	
	
	

A.	
B.	
C.	
D.	

Ambient
Altitude
Saturated Suction Temperature (S.S.T.)
50 Cycle Power

In the selection of refrigeration equipment it should be noted
that the manufacturer’s equipment has ratings based on certain
criteria. Care should be taken to determine actual job conditions
and the proper derating factors should be applied. These factors
may vary by manufacturer but can be used here as rule of thumb
approximation.
A. Ambient
Condensing unit ambient is of concern as most equipment is
generally cataloged as 90º to 95ºF. ambient.
	
	
	
	

22

Decrease condensing unit capacity 6% for each 10ºF. increase
in operating ambient.
Increase condensing unit capacity 6% for each 10ºF. decrease
in operating ambient.

-1,000	
-500	
0	
500	
1,000	
2,000	
3,000	
4,000	
5,000	
6,000	
7,000	
8,000	
9,000	
10,000	
12,000	
14,000	

31.02	
30.47	
29.92	
29.38	
28.86	
27.82	
26.81	
25.84	
24.89	
23.98	
23.09	
22.22	
21.38	
20.58	
19.03	
17.57	

15.27	
14.97	
14.70	
14.43	
14.28	
13.67	
13.27	
12.70	
12.23	
11.78	
11.34	
10.92	
10.50	
10.11	
9.35	
8.63	

Standard		
Air		
Density	
Air	
At 70ºF.	
Dens.	
lbs./Cu.Ft.	
Ratio	

.0778	
.0763	
.0749	
.0735	
.0719	
.0697	
.0671	
.0647	
.0623	
.0600	
.0578	
.0556	
.0535	
.0515	
.0477	
.0439	

1.04	
1.02	
1.00	
0.98	
0.96	
0.93	
0.90	
0.86	
0.83	
0.80	
0.77	
0.74	
0.71	
0.69	
0.64	
0.59	

Capacity
Multipliers
Direct Drive Fans
Refrig.	
Air Cooled
Evap.	
Cond. Unit

1.03	
1.02	
1.00	
0.98	
0.96	
0.93	
0.90	
0.875	
0.85	
0.82	
0.79	
0.76	
0.73	
0.71	
0.66	
0.61	

1.005
1.002
1.00
0.995
0.998
0.985
0.98
0.975
0.969
0.960
0.955
0.946
0.939
0.93
0.91
0.88

Care should be taken in the selection of unit coolers, especially
freezer models. There is no set rating standard adopted by the
industry for the ratings criteria. The model number of a low
temperature unit cooler can be rated at -30º SST, -20º SST, -10º
SST, 0º SST, or even +10º SST. The capacity difference between
the -30º SST and the +10º SST can be as much as 15% higher for
the lower rated unit cooler. Most manufacturers provide a suction
temperature correction factor for their unit coolers and this
should be noted in equipment selections.
D. 50 Cycle Power
Since we live in a “global village,” the opportunity to quote
refrigeration equipment for export markets is one not to be
ignored. Motors that are sized for 60 cycle operation run at 83%
(50/60) speed on 50 cycles operation. Compressors produce only
5/6 of their capacity. However, while fans are only running 83%
speed, there is also a decrease in static pressure through the
condenser or unit cooler coil and performance does not suffer the
full 17% penalty. If it has been verified by the manufacturer that
their equipment can be run on 50 cycle power then the following
derating factors can be applied:
	
	

A. 	
B.	

Unit coolers and air-cooled condensers (Capacity x 0.92)
Air-cooled condensing units (capacity x .85)

System capacity (unit cooler and air-cooled condensing unit) can
be derated by 0.88
To select refrigeration equipment after the load has been
determined, divide the BTUH required by (0.88):
BTUH Conversion to select 60 cycle
=
0.88
equipment for 50 cycle load
This provides for larger equipment necessary to compensate for
50 cycle derating factor.

General Guidelines
	

Application	

T.D.	

Coil	

Notes

	
Convenience Store	
10 - 15ºF.	
Low Silhouette	
Multiple units for adequate air coverage
				
Up to 18’ long = 1 coil
				
Up to 30’ long = 2 coils
				
Up to 40’ long = 3 coils
				
Estimating guide: Cooler 100 SF/ton*
						
Freezer 75 SF/ton*
	
Holding Warehouse	
10 - 15ºF.	
Medium or	
Forklift Operation
			
Heavy Duty	
Average air changes
				
Product load 10 - 15% of total load
				
						
				
Estimating guide: 200 - 300 SF/ton
	
Produce Warehouse	
7 -10ºF.	
Low Velocity	
			
Medium	
			
or Heavy Duty	
				

High seasonal loads
Heavy product respiration
Additional humidity may be required
Estimating guide: 150 - 200 SF/ton

	
Blast Cooler or Freezer	
7 - 10ºF.	
Heavy Duty	
High air velocity, heavy infiltration
				
Fast defrost (4-6 FPI coils)
				
Product spaced to allow air circulation
				
Equipment sized to extract all interior heat
				
Box temp below desired product temperature
				
Multiple units to provide capacity control
				
1.5 safety factor sometimes applied to handle
					
initial high rate of product heat evolution
	
Ice Cream Hardening	
10ºF.	
Heavy Duty	
10 hour pull down with product 30% frozen and a
					
certain percentage over run
					
(thickness of ice cream)
	
Controlled Temperature	
15 - 20ºF.	
Heavy Duty	
Floating box temperature (40-72ºF.) contingent on
	
Beer Warehouse				
average monthly dew point
				
Auxiliary air circulation may be required due to
					
high T.D.
				
Heavy loading - high infiltration
				
20 - 30ºF. pull down on beer
	
Candy Warehouse	
20 - 25ºF.	
Heavy Duty	
				
				

Low relative humidity
Auxiliary air circulation and reheat may be required
Vapor barrier essential

	
Prep Room	
20ºF.	
Low Velocity	
				

Heavy motor and personnel load
Estimating guide: 150 SF/ton

	
Floral Box	
8ºF.	
Low Velocity	
				
				

Light loading conditions
Glass Walls
Estimating guide 100 SF/ton*

SF = Floor Square Foot

ton = 12,000 BTUH

Note: Estimating guide ball park figures only. All attempts should
be made to obtain accurate job survey and subsequent refrigeration
calculations.
* Glass doors assumed on one long wall only

23

Unit Cooler Recommended Coil Replacement

Left
Large cooler or freezer
Right
Large cooler or freezer

Large cooler or freezer where one wall will
not accommodate all required evaporators or
where air-throw distance must be considered.

Note: Always avoid placement of unit coolers
directly above doors and door openings
where low and normal temperature is being
maintained.
Allow sufficient space between rear of unit
cooler and wall to permit free return of air.
Refer to unit manufacturers’ catalog for
proper space.
Always trap drain lines individually to prevent
vapor migration. Traps on low temperature
units must be outside of refrigerated enclosures.

Left
Cooler or freezer with glass display doors

Baffle
Glass
Display
Door

24

Right
Elevation view of glass display door cooler
or freezer. Be sure Air Discharge blows
above, not directly at doors. Provide
baffle if door extends above blower level.

Line Sizing
The following Tables 22 through 24A on pages 25 through 30
indicate liquid lines and suction lines for all condensing units
for R-22, R-404A, R-134a, and R-507.

When determining the refrigerant line length, be sure to add an
allowance for fittings. See Table 26 on page 31. Total equivalent
length of refrigerant lines is the sum of the actual linear footage
and the allowance for fittings.

Table 22. Recommended Line Sizes for R-134a *
									 SUCTION LINE SIZE
									SUCTION TEMPERATURE
	 SYSTEM			
	 CAPACITY			

+40˚F						

+30˚F					

	+20˚F

Equivalent Lengths					Equivalent Lengths					Equivalent Lengths

	

BTU/H	

25'	

50'	

75'	

100'	

150'	

200'	

25'	

50'	

75'	

100'	

150'	

200'	

25'	

50'	

75'	

100'	 150'	

200'

	

1,000	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

	

3,000	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

	

4,000	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8

	

6,000	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8

	

9,000	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8

	

12,000	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 1/8

	

15,000	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 1/8

	

18,000	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 3/8

	

24,000	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8

	

30,000	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8

	

36,000	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8

	

42,000	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8

	

48,000	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8

	

54,000	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	

2 1/8

	

60,000	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8

	

66,000	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8

	

72,000	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8

	

78,000	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8

	

84,000 	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8

	

90,000	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 5/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8

	 120,000	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8

	 150,000	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8

	 180,000	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 5/8	

3 1/8

	 210,000	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	 3 1/8	

3 1/8

	 240,000	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	 3 1/8	

3 1/8

	 300,000	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	 3 1/8	

3 5/8

	 360,000	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

2 5/8	 3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	 4 1/8	

4 1/8

	 480,000	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 18	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

3 1/8	 3 5/8	

3 5/8	

4 1/8	 5 1/8	

5 1/8

	 600,000	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

4 1/8	

3 1/8	 3 5/8	

4 1/8	

4 1/8	 5 1/8	

5 1/8

	 * NOTES:
	 1.	 Sizes that are highlighted indicate maximum suction line sizes that should be used for risers. Riser size should not exceed horizontal size. 	
		 Properly placed suction traps must also be used for adequate oil return.
		 All sizes shown are for O.D. Type L copper tubing.
	 2.	 Suction line sizes selected at pressure drop equivalent to 2˚F. Reduce estimate of system capacity accordingly.
	 3.	 Recommended liquid line size may increase with reverse cycle hot gas systems.
	 4.	 Consult factory for R-134a operation at winter conditions below 0° ambient.
		 Heated and insulated receiver required below 0° ambient.	
		 If system load drops below 40% of design, consideration to installing double suction risers should be made.

25

Table 22A. Recommended Line Sizes for R-134a (continued) *
					
					
			
			

	 SUCTION LINE SIZE								LIQUID LINE SIZE
SUCTION TEMPERATURE		

+10˚F					

				

	Receiver to

	 0˚F				

	Expansion Valve			

Equivalent Lengths					 Equivalent Lengths			

SYSTEM

	Equivalent Lengths			

CAPACITY

	 25'	

50'	

75'	

100'	

150'	

200'	

25'	

50'	

75'	

100'	

150'	

200'	

25'	

50'	

75'	

100'	

150'	

200'	

BTU/H

	 3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1,000

	 1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3,000

	 5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

4,000

	 5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

6,000

	 7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

9,000

	 7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

12,000

	 7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

15,000

	 1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

18,000

	 1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

24,000

	 1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

30,000

	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

36,000

	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

42,000

	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1/58	

2 1/8	

21/8	

2 1/8	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

48,000

	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 18	

2 1/8	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

54,000

	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

60,000

	 1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

5/8 	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

66,000

	 1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

72,000

	 1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

78,000

	 1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

84,000

	 1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

90,000

	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

120,000

	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

150,000

	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

180,000

	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

210,000

	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

240,000

	 2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

4 1/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

4 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

300,000

	 2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

4 1/8	

4 1/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

4 1/8	

4 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

360,000

	 3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

4 1/8	

5 1/8	

5 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

4 1/8	

5 1/8	

5 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

480,000

	 3 1/8	

3 5/8	

4 1/8	

5 1/8	

5 1/8	

5 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

4 1/8	

4 1/8	

5 1/8	

5 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

600,000

	 * NOTES:
	 1.	 Sizes that are highlighted indicate maximum suction line sizes that should be used for risers. Riser size should not exceed horizontal size. 	
		 Properly placed suction traps must also be used for adequate oil return.
		 All sizes shown are for O.D. Type L copper tubing.
	 2.	 Suction line sizes selected at pressure drop equivalent to 2˚F. Reduce estimate of system capacity accordingly.
	 3.	 Recommended liquid line size may increase with reverse cycle hot gas systems.
	 4.	 Consult factory for R-134a operation at winter conditions below 0° ambient.
		 Heated and insulated receiver required below 0° ambient.	
		 If system load drops below 40% of design, consideration to installing double suction risers should be made.

26

Table 23. Recommended Line Sizes for R-22 *
											

	SUCTION LINE SIZE

												SUCTION TEMPERATURE
SYSTEM			

+40˚F						

CAPACITY			Equivalent Lengths				
BTU/H	

25'	

50'	

75'	

100'	 150'	

	 1,000	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

	

3,000	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

	

4,000	

3/8	

3/8	

	

6,000	

1/2	

	

9,000	

	

+20˚F					

Equivalent Lengths			

	+10˚F			

	

	Equivalent Lengths		

200'	

25'	

50'	

75'	

100'	

150'	

200'	

25'	

50'	

75'	

100'	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

1/2	

5/8	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

12,000	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

	

15,000	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

	

18,000	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

	

24,000	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

	

30,000	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

	

36,000	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

7/8	

	

42,000	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

	

48,000	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

	

54,000	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

	

60,000	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

	

66,000	

7/8	

1 1/8	

	

72,000	

1 1/8	

	

78,000	

	
	

	 0˚F
	Equivalent	

150'	 200'	

	

25'	

50'	 75'

1/2	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8

5/8	

5/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8

7/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	 1 1/8

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8

7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	 1 3/8

1 3/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 5/8

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 5/8

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 5/8

84,000	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8

90,000	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8

	 120,000	

1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	 1 5/8	1 5/8 2 1/8

	 150,000	

1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8

	 180,000	

1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	 2 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8

	 210,000	

1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8

	 240,000	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8

	 300,000	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	 3 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8

	 360,000	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	

3 1/8	 3 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8

	 480,000	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	

3 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8	

3 1/8	 3 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8

	 600,000	

2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8	

3 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8	 3 1/8	

3 5/8	 3 5/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8	 3 1/8

	 * NOTES:
	 1.	 Sizes that are highlighted indicate maximum suction line sizes that should be used for risers. Riser size should not exceed horizontal 		
		 size. Properly 	placed suction traps must also be used for adequate oil return.
		 All sizes shown are for O.D. Type L copper tubing.
	 2.	 Suction line sizes selected at pressure drop equivalent to 2˚F. Reduce estimate of system capacity accordingly.
	 3.	 Recommended liquid line size may increase with reverse cycle hot gas systems.
	 4.	 If system load drops below 40% of design, consideration to installing double suction risers should be made.

27

Table 23A. Recommended Line Sizes for R-22 (continued) *
						
						
		
		

0˚F				

	

SUCTION LINE SIZE							

	LIQUID LINE SIZE

	 SUCTION TEMPERATURE								
-10˚F						

-20˚F				

	Receiver to
	Expansion Valve			

Lengths				 Equivalent Lengths					 Equivalent Lengths			

	Equivalent Lengths	

SYSTEM
CAPACITY

	 100'	

150'	 200'	

25'	

50'	

75'	

100'	

150'	

200'	

25'	

50'	

75'	

100'	

150'	 200'	

25'	

50'	

75'	 100'	 150'	 200'	

BTU/H

	 3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1,000

	 5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3,000

	 5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

4,000

	 5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

6,000

	 7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

9,000

	 7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 18	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

12,000

	 7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

15,000

	1 1/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	 1 3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

18,000

	1 1/8	

1 1/8	 1 3/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

24,000

	1 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 5/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

30,000

	1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	 1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

36,000

	1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

42,000

	1 3/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

48,000

	1 3/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

54,000

	1 5/8	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

60,000

	1 5/8	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

66,000

	1 5/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

72,000

	1 5/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

78,000

	1 5/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

84,000

	2 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

90,000

	2 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	 1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	 2 5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

120,000

	2 1/8	

2 5/8	 2 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

150,000

	2 1/8	

2 5/8	 2 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	 3 1/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

180,000

	2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	 3 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

210,000

	2 5/8	

2 5/8	 3 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	 3 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	

240,000

	2 5/8	

3 1/8	 3 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	 3 5/8	

7/8	

7/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	

300,000

	3 1/8	

3 1/8	 3 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	 3 5/8	

7/8	

7/8	 1 18	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	

360,000

	3 1/8	

3 5/8	 3 5/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	 2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	 4 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	

480,000

	3 5/8	

3 5/8	 4 1/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

4 1/8	 3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

4 1/8	 4 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	

600,000

	 * NOTES:
	 1.	 Sizes that are highlighted indicate maximum suction line sizes that should be used for risers. Riser size should not exceed horizontal size. 	
		 Properly placed suction traps must also be used for adequate oil return.
		 All sizes shown are for O.D. Type L copper tubing.
	 2.	 Suction line sizes selected at pressure drop equivalent to 2˚F. Reduce estimate of system capacity accordingly.
	 3.	 Recommended liquid line size may increase with reverse cycle hot gas systems.
	 4.	 If system load drops below 40% of design, consideration to installing double suction risers should be made.

28

Table 24. Recommended Line Sizes for R-404A and R-507 *
											 SUCTION LINE SIZE
											SUCTION TEMPERATURE
	 SYSTEM			

+20˚F						

+10˚F					

	 CAPACITY			Equivalent Lengths					Equivalent Lengths			

	

	-10˚F			

	

	 -20˚F

Equivalent Lengths				 Equivalent

	

BTU/H	

25'	

50'	

75'	

100'	 150'	

200'	

25'	

50'	

75'	

100'	

150'	

200'	

25'	

50'	

75'	

100'	

150'	 200'	

25'	

50'	

75'

	

1,000	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2

	

3,000	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8

	

4,000	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8

	

6,000	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8

	

9,000	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8

	

12,000	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8

	

15,000	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	 1 1/8

	

18,000	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 1/8	 1 3/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8

	

24,000	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8

	

30,000	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 3/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8

	

36,000	

7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8

	

42,000	

1 1 /8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8

	

48,000	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8

	

54,000	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8

	

60,000	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8

	

66,000	

1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8

	

72,000	

1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8

	

78,000	

1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8

	

84,000	

1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8

	

90,000	

1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8

	 120,000	

1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	 2 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8

	 150,000	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8

	 180,000	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	 3 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8

	 210,000	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	

3 1/8	 3 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8

	 240,000	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	

3 1/8	 3 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8

	 300,000	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	

3 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8	

3 1/8	 3 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8

	 360,000	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8	

3 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8	 3 1/8	

3 5/8	 3 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8

	 480,000	

2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8	 3 1/8	

3 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8	 3 1/8	 3 5/8	

3 5/8	 4 1/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8	 3 1/8

	 600,000	

2 5/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8	 3 1/8	 3 5/8	

3 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	 3 1/8	 3 1/8	 3 1/8	 3 5/8	

4 1/8	 4 1/8	 3 1/8	 3 1/8	 3 1/8

	 * NOTES:
	 1.	 Sizes that are highlighted indicate maximum suction line sizes that should be used for risers. Riser size should not exceed horizontal size. 	
		 Properly placed suction traps must also be used for adequate oil return.
		 All sizes shown are for O.D. Type L copper tubing.
	 2.	 Suction line sizes selected at pressure drop equivalent to 2˚F. Reduce estimate of system capacity accordingly.
	 3.	 Recommended liquid line size may increase with reverse cycle hot gas systems.
	 4.	 If system load drops below 40% of design, consideration to installing double suction risers should be made.

29

Table 24A. Recommended Line Sizes for R-404A and R-507 (continued) *
						
						
		
		

-20˚F				

	

SUCTION LINE SIZE									LIQUID LINE SIZE

	 SUCTION TEMPERATURE							
-30˚F						

Lengths				 Equivalent Lengths				

	Receiver to

-40˚F						Expansion Valve	
	 Equivalent Lengths				Equivalent Lengths	

SYSTEM
CAPACITY

	 100'	

150'	 200'	

25'	

50'	

75'	

100'	

150'	

200'	

25'	

50'	

75'	

100'	

150'	 200'	

25'	

50'	

75'	 100'	 150'	 200'	

BTU/H

	 1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1,000

	 5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3,000

	 7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

4,000

	 7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

6,000

	 7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

9,000

	1 1/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

12,000

	1 1/8	

1 1/8	 1 3/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	 1 3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

15,000

	1 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

18,000

	1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 3/8	

3/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

24,000

1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	 1 1/8	

1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 5/8	

3/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

30,000

	1 3/8	

1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	 1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

36,000

	1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

42,000

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 1/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

48,000

	1 5/8	

1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	

1/2	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

54,000

	1 5/8	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

60,000

	1 5/8	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	

1/2	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

66,000

	1 5/8	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	 1 3/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	 2 1/8	

1/2	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

72,000

	1 5/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

78,000

	2 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 1/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

84,000

	2 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	 1 5/8	

1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	 2 5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

90,000

	2 1/8	

2 5/8	 2 5/8	 1 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	 1 5/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	 2 5/8	

5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

120,000

	2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	 2 5/8	

5/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

1 1/8	

150,000

	2 5/8	

2 5/8	 3 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	 3 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	

180,000

	2 5/8	

3 1/8	 3 1/8	 2 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	 2 1/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	 3 1/8	

7/8	

7/8	

7/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	

210,000

	2 5/8	

3 1/8	 3 1/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 1/8	 3 5/8	

7/8	

7/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	

240,000

	3 1/8	

3 5/8	 3 5/8	 2 5/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

4 1/8	 2 5/8	

2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	 4 1/8	

7/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	

300,000

	3 5/8	

3 5/8	 4 1/8	 2 5/8	 3 1/8	 3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

4 1/8	 2 5/8	

3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

4 1/8	 4 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	

360,000

	3 5/8	

3 5/8	 4 1/8	 3 1/8	 3 5/8	 3 5/8	

4 1/8	

4 1/8	

4 1/8	 3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

4 1/8	

4 1/8	 4 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	

480,000

	3 5/8	

3 5/8	 4 1/8	 3 1/8	 3 5/8	 3 5/8	

4 1/8	

4 1/8	

5 1/8	 3 1/8	

3 5/8	

3 5/8	

4 1/8	

4 1/8	 5 1/8	 1 1/8	 1 3/8	 1 3/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	 1 5/8	

600,000

	 * NOTES:
	 1.	 Sizes that are highlighted indicate maximum suction line sizes that should be used for risers. Riser size should not exceed horizontal size. 	
		 Properly placed suction traps must also be used for adequate oil return.
		 All sizes shown are for O.D. Type L copper tubing.
	 2.	 Suction line sizes selected at pressure drop equivalent to 2˚F. Reduce estimate of system capacity accordingly.
	 3.	 Recommended liquid line size may increase with reverse cycle hot gas systems.
	 4.	 If system load drops below 40% of design, consideration to installing double suction risers should be made.

30

Table 25.	 Pressure Loss of Liquid Refrigerants in Liquid Line Risers (Expressed in Pressure Drop, PSIG, 			
and Subcooling Loss, ˚F).

	

									 Liquid Line Rise in Feet
		

10'		

15'		

20'		

25'		

30'		

40'		

50'		

75'		

100'

	

Refrigerant	

PSIG	

˚F	

PSIG	

˚F	

PSIG	

˚F	

PSIG	

˚F	

PSIG	

˚F	

PSIG	

˚F	

PSIG	

˚F	

PSIG	

	

R-22	

4.8	

1.6	

7.3	

2.3	

9.7	

3.1	

12.1	

3.8	

14.5	

4.7	

19.4	

6.2	

24.2	

8.0	

36.3	 12.1	

	

R-134a	

4.9	

2.0	

7.4	

2.9	

9.8	

4.1	

12.3	

5.2	

14.7	

6.3	

19.7	

8.8	

24.6	 11.0	

36.8	 17.0	

49.1	 23.7

	

R-507, R-404A	

4.1	

1.1	

6.1	

1.6	

8.2	

2.1	

10.2	

2.7	

12.2	

3.3	

16.3	

4.1	

20.4	

30.6	

40.8	 11.8

5.6	

˚F	

PSIG	

8.3	

˚F

48.4	 16.5

Based on 110˚F liquid temperature at bottom of riser.

Table 26. Equivalent Feet of Pipe Due to Valve and Fitting Friction
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

Copper Tube, O.D., Type “L”	
Globe Valve (Open)	
Angle Valve (Open)	
90˚ Turn Through Tee	
Tee (Straight Through) 	
or Sweep Below	
90˚ Elbow or Reducing	
Tee (Straight Through)	

1/2	
14	
7	
3	

5/8	
16	
9	
4	

7/8	
22	
12	
5	

1 1/8	
28	
15	
6	

1 3/8	
36	
18	
8	

1 5/8	
42	
21	
9	

2 1/8	
57	
28	
12	

2 5/8	
69	
34	
14	

3 1/8	
83	
42	
17	

3 5/8	
99	
49	
20	

4 1/8	
118	
57	
22	

5 1/8	
138	
70	
28	

6 1/8
168
83
34

.75	

1	

1.5	

2	

2.5	

3	

3.5	

4	

5	

6	

7	

9	

11

1	

2	

2	

3	

4	

4	

5	

7	

8	

10	

12	

14	

16

31

Table 27. Recommended Remote Condenser Line Sizes
			
R-134a		
R-22		
R507 & R-404A
				
Liquid Line		
Liquid Line		
Liquid Line
	
Net	
Total	
Discharge	
Cond. to	
Discharge	
Cond. to	
Discharge	
Cond. to
	 Evaporator	
Equiv.	
Line	
Receiver	
Line	
Receiver	
Line	
Receiver
	
Capacity	
Length	
(O.D.)	
(O.D.)	
(O.D.)	
(O.D.)	
(O.D.)	
(O.D.)

	
3,000	
		
	
6,000	
		
	
9,000	
		
	
12,000	
		
	
18,000	
		
	
24,000	
		
	
36,000	
		
	
48,000	
		
	
60,000	
		
	
72,000	
		
	
90,000	
		
	 120,000	
		
	 180,000	
		
	 240,000	
		
	 300,000	
		
	 360,000	
		
	 480,000	
		
	 600,000	
		
	 720,000	
		
	 840,000	
		
	 960,000	
		
	 1,080,000	
		
	 1,200,000	
		
	 1,440,000	
		
	 1,680,000	
		

32

50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	
50	
100	

3/8	
3/8	
1/2	
1/2	
1/2	
5/8	
5/8	
5/8	
5/8	
7/8	
7/8	
7/8	
7/8	
1 1/8	
7/8	
1 1/8	
1 1/8	
1 1/8	
1 1/8	
1 3/8	
1 1/8	
1 3/8	
1 3/8	
1 5/8	
1 5/8	
1 5/8	
1 5/8	
2 1/8	
2 1/8	
2 1/8	
2 1/8	
2 1/8	
2 1/8	
2 5/8	
2 5/8	
2 5/8	
2 5/8	
3 1/8	
2 5/8	
3 1/8	
2 5/8	
3 1/8	
3 1/8	
3 1/8	
3 1/8	
3 5/8	
3 1/8	
3 5/8	
3 5/8	
4 1/8	

3/8	
3/8	
3/8	
3/8	
3/8	
3/8	
3/8	
1/2	
1/2	
1/2	
1/2	
1/2	
1/2	
5/8	
5/8	
7/8	
5/8	
7/8	
7/8	
7/8	
7/8	
1 1/8	
7/8	
1 1/8	
1 1/8	
1 3/8	
1 3/8	
1 5/8	
1 3/8	
1 5/8	
1 5/8	
2 1/8	
2 1/8	
2 1/8	
2 1/8	
2 5/8	
2 1/8	
2 5/8	
2 5/8	
3 1/8	
2 5/8	
3 1/8	
2 5/8	
3 1/8	
2 5/8	
3 5/8	
3 1/8	
3 5/8	
3 1/8	
4 1/8	

3/8	
3/8	
3/8	
1/2	
1/2	
1/2	
1/2	
5/8	
5/8	
5/8	
5/8	
7/8	
7/8	
7/8	
7/8	
7/8	
7/8	
1 1/8	
7/8	
1 1/8	
1 1/8	
1 1/8	
1 1/8	
1 3/8	
1 3/8	
1 5/8	
1 3/8	
1 5/8	
1 5/8	
2 1/8	
1 5/8	
2 1/8	
2 1/8	
2 1/8	
2 1/8	
2 5/8	
2 1/8	
2 5/8	
2 1/8	
2 5/8	
2 5/8	
2 5/8	
2 5/8	
3 1/8	
2 5/8	
3 1/8	
2 5/8	
3 1/8	
3 1/8	
3 5/8	

3/8	
3/8	
3/8	
3/8	
3/8	
3/8	
3/8	
3/8	
3/8	
3/8	
3/8	
1/2	
1/2	
5/8	
5/8	
7/8	
5/8	
7/8	
7/8	
7/8	
7/8	
7/8	
7/8	
1 1/8	
1 1/8	
1 3/8	
1 3/8	
1 3/8	
1 3/8	
1 5/8	
1 5/8	
2 1/8	
1 5/8	
2 1/8	
2 1/8	
2 5/8	
2 1/8	
2 5/8	
2 1/8	
2 5/8	
2 5/8	
3 1/8	
2 5/8	
3 1/8	
2 5/8	
3 1/8	
3 1/8	
3 5/8	
3 1/8	
3 5/8	

3/8	
3/8	
1/2	
1/2	
1/2	
1/2	
1/2	
5/8	
5/8	
7/8	
5/8	
7/8	
7/8	
7/8	
7/8	
1 1/8	
7/8	
1 1/8	
1 1/8	
1 1/8	
1 1/8	
1 1/8	
1 1/8	
1 3/8	
1 3/8	
1 5/8	
1 5/8	
2 1/8	
1 5/8	
2 1/8	
2 1/8	
2 1/8	
2 1/8	
2 1/8	
2 1/8	
2 5/8	
2 1/8	
2 5/8	
2 5/8	
2 5/8	
2 5/8	
3 1/8	
2 5/8	
3 1/8	
2 5/8	
3 5/8	
3 1/8	
3 5/8	
3 1/8	
3 5/8	

3/8
3/8
3/8
3/8
3/8
3/8
3/8
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
5/8
5/8
7/8
5/8
7/8
7/8
7/8
7/8
1 1/8
7/8
1 1/8
1 1/8
1 3/8
1 3/8
1 5/8
1 3/8
1 5/8
1 5/8
2 1/8
1 5/8
2 1/8
2 1/8
2 5/8
2 1/8
2 5/8
2 5/8
3 1/8
2 5/8
3 1/8
2 5/8
3 5/8
3 1/8
3 5/8
3 1/8
4 1/8
3 5/8
4 1/8
3 5/8
4 1/8

Table 28. Weight of Refrigerants in Copper Lines During Operation (Pounds per 100 lineal feet of type "L" tubing).
	
Line Size					 Suction Line at Suction Temperature
	
O.D.		
Liquid	
Hot Gas			
	
in Inches	
Refrigerant	
Line	
Line	
-40˚F	
-20˚F	
0˚F	
+20˚F	
		
134a	
4.0	
.15	
.01	
.01	
.02	
.04	
	
3/8	
22	
3.9	
.22	
.02	
.03	
.04	
.06	
		
R507, 404A	
3.4	
.31	
.03	
.04	
.06	
.09	
		
134a	
7.4	
.30	
.01	
.03	
.04	
.07	
	
1/2	
22	
7.4	
.41	
.03	
.05	
.07	
.11	
		
R507, 404A	
6.4	
.58	
.04	
.07	
.13	
.16	
		
134a	
11.9	
.47	
.02	
.05	
.07	
.12	
	
5/8	
22	
11.8	
.65	
.05	
.08	
.12	
.17	
		
R507, 404A	
10.3	
.93	
.07	
.11	
.17	
.25	
		
134a	
24.7	
.99	
.05	
.10	
.15	
.24	
	
7/8	
22	
24.4	
1.35	
.10	
.16	
.24	
.36	
		
R507, 404A	
21.2	
1.92	
.15	
.23	
.37	
.51	
		
134a	
42.2	
1.70	
.08	
.17	
.26	
.41	
	
1 1/8	
22	
41.6	
2.30	
.17	
.28	
.42	
.61	
		
R507, 404A	
36.1	
3.27	
.26	
.39	
.63	
.86	
		
134a	
64.2	
2.57	
.14	
.26	
.40	
.61	
	
1 3/8	
22	
63.5	
3.50	
.27	
.42	
.64	
.93	
		
R507, 404A	
55.0	
4.98	
.40	
.58	
.95	
1.32	
		
134a	
90.9	
3.65	
.20	
.37	
.57	
.87	
	
1 5/8	
22	
90.0	
4.96	
.37	
.59	
.90	
1.33	
		
R507, 404A	
78.0	
7.07	
.56	
.82	
1.35	
1.86	
		
134a	
158	
6.34	
.34	
.64	
.98	
1.51	
	
2 1/8	
22	
156	
8.61	
.65	
1.03	
1.57	
2.30	
		
R507, 404A	
134	
12.25	
.98	
1.43	
2.35	
3.23	
		
134a	
244	
9.78	
.52	
.99	
1.51	
2.32	
	
2 5/8	
22	
241	
13.70	
1.01	
1.59	
2.42	
3.54	
		
R507, 404A	
209	
18.92	
1.51	
2.21	
3.62	
5.00	
		
134a	
348	
13.97	
.75	
1.41	
2.16	
3.31	
	
3 1/8	
22	
344	
18.95	
1.44	
2.28	
3.45	
5.05	
		
R507, 404A	
298	
27.05	
2.16	
3.15	
5.17	
7.14	
		
134a	
471	
18.90	
.99	
1.91	
2.92	
4.48	
	
3 5/8	
22	
465	
25.60	
1.94	
3.08	
4.67	
6.83	
		
R507, 404A	
403	
36.50	
2.92	
4.25	
6.97	
19.65	
		
134a	
612	
24.56	
1.29	
2.49	
3.81	
5.84	
	
4 1/8	
22	
605	
33.40	
2.53	
4.01	
6.08	
8.90	
		
R507, 404A	
526	
47.57	
3.80	
5.55	
9.09	
12.58	

+40˚F
.06
.08
.13
.11
.15
.24
.17
.25
.35
.36
.51
.72
.60
.87
1.24
1.91
1.33
1.87
1.30
1.88
2.64
2.24
3.26
4.58
3.47
5.03
7.07
4.96
7.18
9.95
6.69
9.74
13.67
8.75
12.70
17.80

33

Table 29.

Fahrenheit – Celsius Temperature Conversion Chart
The number in bold type-face in the center column refers to
the temperature, either Celsius or Fahrenheit, which is to be
converted to the other scale. If converting Fahrenheit to Celsius
		
	 Celsius	
	 -40.0	
	 -39.4	
	 -38.9	
	 -38.3	
	 -37.8	
	 -37.2	
	 -36.7	
	 -36.1	
	 -35.6	
	 -35.0	
	 -34.4	
	 -33.9	
	 -33.3	
	 -32.8	
	 -32.2	
	 -31.7	
	 -31.1	
	 -30.6	
	 -30.0	
	 -29.4	
	 -28.9	
	 -28.3	
	 -27.8	
	 -27.2	
	 -26.7	
	 -26.1	
	 -25.6	
	 -25.0	
	 -24.4	
	 -23.9	
	 -23.3	
	 -22.8	
	 -22.2	
	 -21.7	
	 -21.1	
	 -20.6	
	 -20.0	
	 -19.4	
	 -18.9	
	 -18.3	
	 -17.8	
	 -17.2	
	 -16.7	
	 -16.1	
	 -15.6	
	 -15.0	
	 -14.4	
	 -13.9	
	 -13.3	
	 -12.8	
	 -12.2	
	 -11.7	
	 -11.1	
	 -10.6	
	 -10.0	
	
-9.4	
	
-8.9	
	
-8.3	
	
-7.8	
	
-7.2	

Temperature			
ºC. or ºF.	 Fahrenheit	 Celsius	
-40	
-40.0	
-6.7	
-39	
-38.2	
-6.1	
-38	
-36.4	
-5.5	
-37	
-34.6	
-5.0	
-36	
-32.8	
-4.4	
-35	
-31.0	
-3.9	
-34	
-29.2	
-3.3	
-33	
-27.4	
-2.8	
-32	
-25.6	
-2.2	
-31	
-23.8	
-1.7	
-30	
-22.0	
-1.1	
-29	
-20.2	
-0.6	
-28	
-18.4	
0	
-27	
-16.6	
+0.6	
-26	
-14.8	
+1.1	
-25	
-13.0	
+1.7	
-24	
-11.2	
+2.2	
-23	
-9.4	
+2.8	
-22	
-7.6	
+3.3	
-21	
-5.8	
+3.9	
-20	
-4.0	
+4.4	
-19	
-2.2	
+5.0	
-18	
-0.4	
+5.5	
-17	
+1.1	
+6.1	
-16	
+3.2	
+6.7	
-15	
+5.0	
+7.2	
-14	
+6.8	
+7.8	
-13	
+8.6	
+8.3	
-12	
+10.4	
+8.9	
-11	
+12.2	
+9.4	
-10	
+14.0	
+10.0	
-9	
+15.8	
+10.6	
-8	
+17.6	
+11.1	
-7	
+19.4	
+11.7	
-6	
+21.2	
+12.2	
-5	
+23.0	
+12.8	
-4	
+24.8	
+13.3	
-3	
+26.6	
+13.9	
-2	
+28.4	
+14.4	
-1	
+30.2	
+15.0	
0	
+32	
+15.6	
+1	
+33.8	
+16.1	
+2	
+35.6	
+16.7	
+3	
+35.4	
+17.2	
+4	
+39.2	
+17.8	
+5	
+41.0	
+18.3	
+6	
+42.8	
+18.9	
+7	
+44.6	
+19.4	
+8	
+46.4	
+20.0	
+9	
+48.2	
+20.6	
+10	
+50.0	
+21.1	
+11	
+51.8	
+21.7	
+12	
+53.6	
+22.2	
+13	
+55.4	
+22.8	
+14	
+57.2	
+23.3	
+15	
+59.0	
+23.9	
+16	
+60.8	
+24.4	
+17	
+62.6	
+25.0	
+18	
+64.4	
+25.6	
+19	
+66.2	
+26.1	

Temperature			
ºC. or ºF.	 Fahrenheit	 Celsius	
+20	
+68.0	
+26.7	
+21	
+69.8	
+27.2	
+22	
+71.6	
+27.8	
+23	
+73.4	
+28.3	
+24	
+75.2	
+28.9	
+25	
+77.0	
+29.4	
+26	
+78.8	
+30.0	
+27	
+80.6	
+30.6	
+28	
+82.4	
+31.1	
+29	
+84.2	
+31.7	
+30	
+86.0	
+32.2	
+31	
+87.8	
+32.8	
+32	
+89.6	
+33.3	
+33	
+91.4	
+33.9	
+34	
+93.2	
+34.4	
+35	
+95.0	
+35.0	
+36	
+96.8	
+35.6	
+37	
+98.6	
+36.1	
+38	
+100.4	
+36.7	
+39	
+102.2	
+37.2	
+40	
+104.0	
+37.8	
+41	
+105.8	
+38.3	
+42	
+107.6	
+38.9	
+43	
+109.4	
+39.4	
+44	
+111.2	
+40.0	
+45	
+113.0	
+40.6	
+46	
+114.8	
+41.1	
+47	
+116.6	
+41.7	
+48	
+118.4	
+42.2	
+49	
+120.2	
+42.8	
+50	
+122.0	
+43.3	
+51	
+123.8	
+43.9	
+52	
+125.6	
+44.4	
+53	
+127.4	
+45.0	
+54	
+129.2	
+45.6	
+55	
+131.0	
+46.1	
+56	
+132.8	
+46.7	
+57	
+134.6	
+47.2	
+58	
+136.4	
+47.8	
+59	
+138.2	
+48.3	
+60	
+140.0	
+48.9	
+61	
+141.8	
+49.4	
+62	
+143.6	
+50.0	
+63	
+145.4	
+50.6	
+64	
+147.2	
+51.1	
+65	
+149.0	
+51.7	
+66	
+150.8	
+52.2	
+67	
+152.6	
+52.8	
+68	
+154.4	
+53.3	
+69	
+156.2	
+53.9	
+70	
+158.0	
+54.4	
+71	
+159.8	
+55.0	
+72	
+161.6	
+55.6	
+73	
+163.4	
+56.1	
+74	
+165.2	
+56.7	
+75	
+167.0	
+57.2	
+76	
+168.8	
+57.8	
+77	
+170.6	
+58.3	
+78	
+172.4	
+58.9	
+79	
+174.2	
+59.4	

Reprinted by permission from 1972 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals.

34

the equivalent temperature will be found in the left column. If
converting Celsius to Fahrenheit, the equivalent temperature will
be found in the column on the right.
Temperature			
ºC. or ºF.	 Fahrenheit	 Celsius	
+80	
+176.0	
+60.0	
+81	
+177.8	
+60.6	
+82	
+179.6	
+61.1	
+83	
+181.4	
+61.7	
+84	
+183.2	
+62.2	
+85	
+185.0	
+62.8	
+86	
+186.8	
+63.3	
+87	
+186.6	
+63.9	
+88	
+190.4	
+64.4	
+89	
+192.2	
+65.0	
+90	
+194.0	
+65.6	
+91	
+195.8	
+66.1	
+92	
+197.6	
+66.7	
+93	
+199.4	
+67.2	
+94	
+201.2	
+67.8	
+95	
+203.0	
+68.3	
+96	
+204.8	
+68.9	
+97	
+206.6	
+69.4	
+98	
+208.4	
+70.0	
+99	
+210.2	
+70.6	
+100	
+212.0	
+71.1	
+101	
+213.8	
+71.7	
+102	
+215.6	
+72.2	
+103	
+217.4	
+72.8	
+104	
+219.2	
+73.3	
+105	
+221.0	
+73.9	
+106	
+222.8	
+74.4	
+107	
+224.6	
+75.0	
+108	
+226.4	
+75.6	
+109	
+228.2	
+76.1	
+110	
+230.0	
+76.7	
+111	
+231.8	
+77.2	
+112	
+233.6	
+77.8	
+113	
+235.4	
+78.3	
+114	
+237.2	
+78.9	
+115	
+239.0	
+79.4	
+116	
+240.8	
+80.0	
+117	
+242.6	
+80.6	
+118	
+244.4	
+81.1	
+119	
+246.2	
+81.7	
+120	
+248.0	
+82.2	
+121	
+249.8	
+82.8	
+122	
+251.6	
+83.3	
+123	
+253.4	
+83.9	
+124	
+255.2	
+84.4	
+125	
+257.0	
+85.0	
+126	
+258.8	
+85.6	
+127	
+260.6	
+86.1	
+128	
+262.4	
+86.7	
+129	
+264.2	
+87.2	
+130	
+266.0	
+87.8	
+131	
+267.8	
+88.3	
+132	
+269.6	
+88.9	
+133	
+271.4	
+89.4	
+134	
+273.2	
+90.0	
+135	
+275.0	
+90.6	
+136	
+276.8	
+91.1	
+137	
+278.6	
+91.7	
+138	
+280.4	
+92.2	
+139	
+282.2	
+92.8	

Temperature
ºC. or ºF.	 Fahrenheit
+140	
+284.0
+141	
+285.8
+142	
+287.6
+143	
+289.4
+144	
+291.2
+145	
+293.0
+146	
+294.8
+147	
+296.6
+148	
+298.4
+149	
+300.2
+150	
+302.0
+151	
+303.8
+152	
+305.6
+153	
+307.4
+154	
+309.2
+155	
+311.0
+156	
+312.8
+157	
+314.6
+158	
+316.4
+159	
+318.2
+160	
+320.0
+161	
+321.8
+162	
+323.6
+163	
+325.4
+164	
+327.4
+165	
+329.0
+166	
+330.8
+167	
+332.6
+168	
+334.4
+169	
+336.2
+170	
+338.0
+171	
+339.8
+172	
+341.6
+173	
+343.4
+174	
+345.2
+175	
+347.0
+176	
+348.8
+177	
+350.6
+178	
+352.4
+179	
+354.2
+180	
+356.0
+181	
+357.8
+182	
+359.6
+183	
+361.4
+184	
+363.2
+185	
+365.0
+186	
+366.8
+187	
+368.6
+188	
+370.4
+189	
+372.2
+190	
+374.0
+191	
+375.8
+192	
+377.6
+193	
+379.4
+194	
+381.2
+195	
+383.0
+196	
+384.8
+197	
+386.6
+198	
+388.4
+199	
+390.2

Table 30.
Conversion Factors (constant)

Air Coils

Water
	
500 = 8.33 lbs./gal. x 60 min, 	

– (Converts GPM to lbs./hr.)

Air
	
4.5 = 60 min
	
13.35 Cu. Ft./lb.		
	
1.08 = 4.5 x 0.241 BTU/lb./ºF.	
	
0.68 = 4.5 x 1054.3 BTU/lb.
	
7000 gr/lb.		
				
	
				
	
				
	

– (Converts CFM to lbs./hr.)
– (lbs./hr. x Sp. Ht. of Air)
– (4.5 combined with heat
of vaporization of water		
at 70ºF. and grains per
pound of water)

Water Heating, Cooling & Heat Reclaim Coils, Water Chillers,
Condensers, etc.
	
Q = 500 x GPM x T	
= BTU/hr.					
	
T=Q
	
500 x GPM
	
For brines, Q = 500 x GPM x T x (Sp. Ht. x Sp. Gr. of Brine)

Properties of Water at 39.2 ºF.
Density of Water	
Specific Heat of Water	
Latent Heat of	
Vaporization	
Specific Heat of Ice	
Latent Heat of Fusion	
1 Gallon of Water	
1 Pound of Water	

= 62.4 lbs./Cu. Ft.
= 1 BTU/lb./ºF.
= 970 BTU/lb. at 212ºF. & Atm.
= 1054.3 BTU/lb. at 70ºF.
= 0.5 BTU/lb./ºF.
= 144 BTU/lb.
= 8.33 lbs.
= 7000 Grains

	
	
	

Q Sensible = 1.08 x CFM x T	
= BTU/hr.
Q Latent = 0.68 x CFM x SH	
= BTU/hr.
Q Total = 4.5 x CFM x H	 = BTU/hr.

	
lb./hr. Condensate		
= 4.5 x CFM x SH Grains
					
7000 grains/lb
	
SHR Sensible Heat Ratio	 = Q Sensible
					
Q Total
Heat Transmission
	
Q Total = U x A Surface x T	
= BTU/hr.
Product
	
Sensible Heat in BTU/hr.	 = lbs/hr. x Sp. Ht. x T
	
Latent Heat in BTU/hr.		
= lbs/hr. x Lt. Ht. in Btu/lb.
	
Heat of Resp. in BTU/hr	 .	
= lbs x Heat or Respiration
					
in BTU/lb./hr.
All conversion factors used in standard calculations must be
corrected for other than standard properties
Nomenclature
	 Q	
	 T	
	 A	
	 U	
	 H	
	 H	
	 SH	
		
		
	CFM	
	GPM	

= Heat Flow in BTU/hr.
= Temperature in ºF. ( T = temp. diff.)
= Area in Sq. Ft.
= Coef. of Heat Transfer in BTU/hr./Sq.Ft./ºF.
= Total heat of air at wet bulb temp. BTU/lb.
= Enthalpy difference between entering & leaving air
= Specific humidity in grains of moisture/lb. of dry air
( SH = Specific humidity difference for entering
and leaving air)
= Cu. Ft./min.
= Gal/min.

3 Phase Delta Loads
3 0 Balanced Loads = P1 + P2 + P3

Table 31.
Single Phase Loads
Ohm’s Law for direct current
E
R

Total Line Current = Total Power (Balanced Load)
E
R

W
E

I2 X R
EXI
E2
W
E
I

W

I

W
R

R

E

IXR

W
I2

W
I
WXR

	 W	= Watts
	 I 	 = Current (Amperes)
	 E 	= Electromotive Force (Volts)
	 R	 = Resistance (Ohms)

If the phase are unbalanced, each of the phase will differ from
the others:
	
	
FORMULAE:
I	 L1 = I2 3+ I21+ ( I1 X I2 )

I	 L2

=

I2 2+ I23+ ( I2 X I3 )

I	 L3

=

I2 3+ I21+ ( I1 X I3 )

To obtain any values in the center circle, for Direct or Alternating
Current, perform the operation indicated in one segment of the
adjacent outer circle.

35

Table 32.
English Conversion Factors & Data

Table 33.
English to Metric Conversion Factors

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

To Convert Measurements
From	
To	
Cubic Feet	
Cubic Inches	
Cubic Inches	
Cubic Feet	
Cubic Feet	
Gallons	
Gallons	
Cubic Feet	
Cubic Inches	
Gallons	
Gallons	
Cubic Inches	
Barrels	
Gallons	
Gallons	
Barrels	
Imperial Gallons	
U.S. Gallons	
U.S. Gallons	
Imperial Gallons	
Feet	
Inches	
Inches	
Feet	
Square Feet	
Square Inches	
Square Inches	
Square Feet	
Short Tons	
Pounds	
Liters	
U.S. Gallons	

Multiply By
1728
0.00058
7.48
0.1337
0.00433
231
42
0.0238
1.2009
0.8326
12
0.0833
144
0.00695
2000
0.2642

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

To Convert Pressure (at 32ºF.)
From	
To	
Inches of Water	
Pounds per Sq. Inch	
Pounds per Sq. Inch	
Inches of Water	
Feet of Water	
Pounds of Sq. Inch	
Pounds per Sq. Inch	
Feet of Water	
Inches of Mercury	
Pounds per Sq. Inch	
Pounds per Sq. Inch	
Inches of Mercury	
Atmospheres	
Pounds per Sq. Inch	
Pounds per Sq. Inch	
Atmosphere	

Multiply By
0.03612
27.866
0.4334
2.307
0.4912
2.036
14.696
0.06804

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

To Convert Power
From	
Horsepower	
Horsepower	
Horsepower	
Kilowatts	
British Thermal Units	
Foot/Pounds	
British Thermal Units	
Horsepower Hours	
British Thermal Units	
Kilowatt	
Watt Hour	

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

Volume – Weight Conversions	
1 Cubic Foot of Water	
1 Cubic Inch of Water	
1 Gallon of Water	
1 Cubic Foot of Air	
1 Cubic inch of Steel	
1 Cubic Foot of Brick (Building)	
1 Cubic Foot of Concrete	
1 Cubic Foot of Earth	

	 * at 32ºF.
	 † at 70ºF. and 29.92” Hg.

36

To Convert Measurements
From	
To	
Cubic Feet	
Cubic Centimeters	
Cubic Inches	
Cubic Centimeters	
Cubic Feet	
Liters	
Gallons	
Liters	
Cubic Inches	
Liters	
Gallons	
Cubic Centimeters	
Barrels	
Cubic Meters	
Imperial Gallons	
Cubic Meters	
U.S. Gallons	
Cubic Meters	
Feet	
Meters	
Inches	
Meters	
Square Feet	
Square Meters	
Square Inches	
Square Centimeters	
Ton (Short, 2000lb.)	
Kilograms	
Liter	
Cubic Meter	
Pounds	
Kilograms	

Multiply By
28317
16.387
28.32
3.7854
0.0164
3785.4
1.0551
0.0045461
0.0037854
0.3048
0.0254
0.0929
6.452
907.2
0.0001
0.45359

To Convert Pressure (at 32ºF.)
From	
To	
Inches of Water	
Newton/Sq. Meter	
Pounds per Sq. Inch	
Newton/Sq. Meter	
Feet of Water	
Newton/Sq. Meter	
Pounds per Sq. Inch	
Kilograms/Sq. Cent.	
Inches of Mercury	
Newton/Sq. Meter	
Pounds per Sq. Inch	
Dyne/Sq. Cent.	
Atmospheres	
Newton/Sq. Meter	
Pascal	
Newton/Sq. Meter	

Multiply By
249.082
6894.8
2988.98
0.07031
3386.4
68948
101325
1

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

To Convert Power
From	
Horsepower	
British Thermal Units	
Foot – Pounds	
British Thermal Units	
British Thermal Units	
Watt – Second	
Calorie	
Watt Hours	
Kilocalorie/Minute	
Ton (Refrigerated)	
BTU/Hour	
BTU/In/Hr. Ft.2 ºF.	
BTU/Hr. at 10ºF. T.D.	
BTU/Hr. at 15ºF. T.D.	

Multiply By
745.7
1054.35
1.3558
252.0
1054.35
1
4.184
3600
69.73
3516.8
0.29288
0.14413
0.252
0.252

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

Volume – Weight Conversions	
1 Cubic Foot of Water	
1 Cubic Inch of Water	
1 Gallon of Water	
1 Cubic Foot of Air	
1 Cubic inch of Steel	
1 Cubic Foot of Brick (Building)	
1 Cubic Foot of Concrete	
1 Cubic Foot of Earth	

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

To	
Multiply By
Metric Horsepower	
1.014
Ft./Pounds per Min.	
33000
Kilowatts	
0.746
Horsepower	
1.3404
Foot/Pounds	
778.177
British Thermal Units	
0.001285
Horsepower Hours	
0.0003927
British Thermal Units		 2544.1
Kilowatt Hours	
0.0002928
British Thermal Units	
3415
British Thermal Units	
3.415

Wt. lbs.
62.4*
0.0361*
8.33*
0.075†
0.284
112-120
120-140
70-120

	 * at 32ºF.
	 † at 70ºF. and 29.92” Hg.

To	
Watt	
Joule	
Joule	
Calorie	
Watt Second	
Joule	
Joule	
Joule	
Watt	
Watt	
Watt	
Watt/Meter ºK.	
Kcal/Hr. at 6ºC. T.D.	
Kcal/Hr. at 8ºC. T.D.	

Wt. Kilograms
28.3*
0.0164*
3.788*
0.034†
0.1288
51-54
54-64
32-54

Use of the Psychrometric Chart
From two known properties of air, its condition can be located on
the Psychrometric chart and all remaining properties can then be
found by reading the appropriate scale.
Figure 1 Illustrates a condition plotted at the intersection of its
dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures. The dry bulb temperature
is represented on the chart by the vertical lines with its scale
across the bottom. The wet bulb temperature is read along
the saturation line and is represented on the chart by the solid
diagonal lines. Enthalpy at a saturation, for a given wet bulb
temperature is read from the diagonal scale at the left using the
diagonal lines extending from the saturation line.
Figure 2 Illustrates a condition plotted at the intersection of its
dry bulb temperature and relative humidity. Relative humidity is
represented on the chart by the curved lines which are marked in
percent relative humidity.
Figure 3 Illustrates a condition plotted at the intersection
of its dry bulb and dew point temperatures. The dew point
temperature is read along the saturation line at the intersection
of the Horizontal Humidity line. The value of the specific humidity
is read from the scales at the right in either pounds or grains of
moisture per pound of dry air by selecting the appropriate scale.
Figure 4 Illustrates the determination of specific volume from the
chart. Specific volume is represented by the broken diagonal lines
marked in cubic feet per pound of dry air. Intermediate points are
read by interpolation between the lines.
Figure 5 Illustrates the use of sensible heat factor to determine
the air conditions required to satisfy a specified space
temperature and load conditions. The sensible heat factor is the
ratio of internal sensible heat to internal total heat load of the
space being conditioned. A straight line from the sensible heat
factor scale through the circled point of the chart to the slope line
from the space condition point to the saturation line. Air supplied
to the space at any temperature condition located on the ratio
line (and in the proper volume) will satisfy the room load.
Example — Using the point which is circled on the Psychrometric
Chart, the following values are obtained:
	
Dry Bulb Temperature	
80.0ºF.
	
Wet Bulb Temperature	
67.0ºF.
	
Dew Point Temperature	
60.3ºF.
	
Relative Humidity	
51.1%
	
Specific Humidity
78.1
	
A) 0.01115 lbs./lb. dry air =
7000 SR/lb dry air
	
B) 78.1 grains/lb. dry air
	
Enthalpy at saturation
31.62 BTU/lb. dry air
	
Specific Volume
13.83 Cu. Ft./lb. dry air
Figure 6 … *Air Conditioned Process
1.	 Cooling and Dehumidification — A decrease in both dry bulb
	
and specific humidity represented by a line sloping 			
	
downward and to the left. Total heat content (both sensible 		
	
and latent heat) is decreased.
2.	 Sensible Cooling — A decrease in dry bulb and sensible heat
	
content represented by a horizontal line directed to the loft

Fig 1 —
Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb

Fig 2 —
Dry Bulb and Relative
Humidity

Fig 3 —
Dry Bulb and Dew Point

	
	
3.	
	
	
	
	
	
4.	
	
	
5.	
	
	
6.	
	
	
	
7.	
	
	
8.	
	
	

along the constant specific humidity line. Specific humidity
and dew point remain constant.
Evaporating Cooling — (Air passed through spray water or
wetted surface at wet bulb temperature) – A decrease in dry 	
bulb (reduced sensible heat content) and an increase in dew
point and specific humidity (increased latent heat content)
represented by a line sloping upward and to the left following
a constant wet bulb line – no change in total heat content.
Humidification — An increase in the specific humidity as a
result of moisture added, represented by a line directed
upward.
Heating and Humidification — An increase in both sensible
heat and specific humidity, represented by a line sloping
upward and to the right.
Sensible Heating — An increase in dry bulb and sensible heat
content, represented by a horizontal line directed to the right
along the constant specific humidity line, Specific humidity
and dew point remain constant.
Chemical Drying — (Air passed through a chemical drying
agent) – A decrease in dew point and specific humidity,
represented by a line sloping downward and to the right.
Dehumidification — a decrease in the specific humidity as a
result of removing moisture, represented by a line directed
downward.

Definitions
Dry Bulb Temperature — The temperature indicated by a
thermometer, not affected by the water vapor content air.
Wet Bulb Temperature — The temperature of air indicated by
a wet bulb thermometer; the temperature at which water, by
evaporating into air, can bring the air to saturation adiabatically at
the same temperature.
Dew Point Temperature — The temperature to which water vapor
in air must be reduced to produce condensation of the moisture
contained therein.
Relative Humidity — The ratio of actual vapor pressure in the
air to the vapor pressure of saturated air at the same dry bulb
temperature.
Specific Humidity (Moisture Content of Humidity Ratio) — The
weight of water vapor per pound of dry air.
Sensible Heat — Heat which when added or subtracted from
the air changes only its temperature with no effect on specific
humidity.
Latent Heat — Heat which effects a change of state without
affecting temperature, as in evaporating or condensing moisture.
Enthalpy (Total Heat) — The sum of sensible and latent heat. In
the chart, enthalpy represents units of total heat content above
an arbitrary base in terms of BTU per pound of dry air.
Specific Volume — Volume per unit of weight, the reciprocal of
density, in terms of cubic feet per pound of dry air.
Sensible Heat Factor — The ratio of internal sensible heat to
internal total heat load.
Ratio Line — The line extending from the space condition to the
saturation line at a slope determined by the sensible heat factor.

Fig 4 —
Specific Volume

Fig 5 —
Sensible Heat Factor

Fig 6 —
Air Conditioning Process
* (See Above)

37

Appendix — Charts
Low Temperature Psychrometric Chart (-40 to 50ºF.)
Standard Atmospheric Pressure of 29.921 in HG

		
Atmospheric Pressure
		
at other altitude
	
Altitude		
	
Ft.		
	
-1000		
	
-500		
	
0		
	
500		
	
1000		
	
2000		
	
3000		
	
4000		
	
5000		
	
6000		
	
7000		
	
8000		
	
9000		
	
10000		
	
15000		

Pressure
in HG
31.02
30.47
29.92
29.38
28.86
27.82
26.83
25.84
24.90
23.98
23.09
22.22
21.39
20.58
16.89

Courtesy of ASHRAE — Reproduced by permission.

38

Appendix — Charts
Medium Temperature Psychrometric Chart (32 to 130ºF.)
Standard Atmospheric Pressure of 29.921 in HG

Courtesy of ASHRAE — Reproduced by permission.

39

Glossary of Refrigeration Terms
1.	
2.	

3.	
4.	

5. 	
6.	

7.	
8.	
9.	
10.	

11.	
12.	
13.	
14.	
15.	
16.	
17.	
18.	
19.	
20.	

21.	

40

Accumulator - a shell placed in suction line for separating
liquid refrigerant entrained in suction gas.
Air Changes - the amount of air leakage is sometimes
computed by assuming a certain number of air changers
per hour for each room, the number of changes assumed
being dependent upon the type, use and location of the
room.
Air Cooler, Forced Circulation - a factory-made encased
assembly of elements by which heat is transferred from
air to evaporating refrigerant.
Ambient Air - generally speaking, the air surrounding an
object. In a domestic or commercial refrigerating system
having an air-cooled condenser, the temperature of the
air entering the condenser.
Back Pressure - loose terminology for suction pressure of
	refrigeration vapor in a system.
British Thermal Unit (BTU) - heat required to produce a
temperature rise of 1 degree Fahrenheit in 1 lb. of water.
The mean BTU is 1/180 of the energy required to heat
water from 32ºF. to 212ºF.
Change of Air - introduction of new, cleansed or
recirculated air to conditioned space, measured by the
number of complete changes per unit time.
Chill - to apply refrigeration moderately, as to meats,
without freezing.
Chilling Room - room where animal carcasses are cooled
after dressing prior to cold storage.
Comfort Air Conditioning - the simultaneous control of
all, or at least the first three, of the following factors
affecting the physical and chemical conditions of the
atmosphere within a structure for the purpose of human
comfort; temperature, humidity, motion, distribution,
dust, bacteria, odors, toxic gasses and ionization, most of
which affect in greater or lesser degree human health or
comfort.
Comfort Cooling - refrigeration for comfort as opposed
to refrigeration for storage or manufacture.
Defrosting Cycle - a refrigeration cycle which permits
cooling unit	 to defrost during off period.
Dehumidification - the conservation of water vapor from
air by cooling below the dew point or removal of water
vapor from air by chemical or physical methods.
Dehydration - the removal of water vapor from air by the
use of absorbing materials. (2) The removal of water from
stored goods.
Dew Point - temperature at which condensation starts
if moist air is cooled at constant pressure with no loss or
gain of moisture during the cooling process.
Differential (of a control) - the difference between cut-in
and cut-out temperature or pressure.
Dry Bulb Temperature - temperature measured by
ordinary thermometer (term used only to distinguish
from wet-bulb temperature).
Duct - a conduit or tube used for conveying air or other
gas.
Evaporator - the part of a system in which refrigerant
liquid is vaporizing to produce refrigerant.
External Equalizer - in a thermostatic expansion valve,
a tube connection from the chamber containing the
evaporation pressure-actuated element of the valve to
the outlet or the evaporator coil. A device to compensate
for excessive pressure	 drop throughout the coil.
Flash Gas - the gas resulting from the instantaneous
evaporation
	of refrigerant in a pressure-reducing device to cool the
refrigerant to the evaporations temperature obtained at
the reduces pressure.

22.	 Flooded System - system in which only part of the
refrigerant passing over the heat transfer surface is
evaporated, and the portion not evaporated is separated
from the vapor and recirculated. In commercial systems,
one controlled by a float valve.
23. 	 Frost Back - the flooding of liquid from an evaporator
into the suction line accompanied by frost formation in
suction line in most cases.
24.	 Head Pressure - operating pressure measured in
thedischarge line at the outlet from the compressor.
25.	 Heat Exchanger - apparatus in which heat is exchanged
from one fluid to another through a partition.
26.	 Heat, Latent - heat characterized by change of state of
the substance concerned, for a given pressure and always
at a constant temperature for a pure substance, i.e., heat
of vaporization or fusion.
27.	 High Side - parts of refrigerating system under condenser
pressure.
28.	 Infiltration - air flowing inward as through a wall, leak,
etc.
29.	 Liquid Line - the tube or pipe carrying the refrigerant
liquid from the condenser or receiver of a refrigerating
system to a pressure-reducing device.
30.	 Low Side - parts of a refrigerating system under
evaporator pressure.
31.	 Pressure Drop - loss in pressure, as from one end of a
refrigerant line to the other, due to friction, etc.
32.	 Refrigerating System - a combination of inter-connected
	refrigerant-containing parts in which a refrigerant is
circulated for the purpose of extracting heat.
33.	 Respiration - production of CO2 and the heat by ripening
of perishables in storage.
34.	 Return Air - air returned from conditioned or refrigerated
space.
35.	 Sensible Heat - heat which is associated with a change in 	
	temperature; specific heat x change of temperature; in
contrast to a heat interchange in which a change of state
(latent heat) occurs.
36.	 Specific Heat - energy per unit of mass required to
produce one degree rise in temperature, usually BTU per
lb. degree F. numerically equal to cal. per gram degree C.
37.	 Standard Air - air weighing 0.075 lb. per cu. ft. which is
closely air at 68ºF. dry bulb and 50% relative humidity
at barometric pressure of 29.92 in. of mercury of
approximately dry air at 70ºF. at the same pressure.
38.	 Suction line - the tube or pipe which carries the
refrigerant vapor from the evaporator to the compressor
inlet.
39.	 Superheat - temperature of vapor above its saturation
		temperature at that pressure.
40.	 Temperature, Wet-Bulb - equilibrium temperature of
water evaporating into air when the latent heat of
vaporization is supplied by the sensible heat of air.
41.	 Thermal Valve - a valve controlled by a thermally
responsive element, for example, a thermostatic
expansion valve which is usually responsive to suction or
evaporator temperature.
42.	 Throw - the distance air will carry, measured along the
axis of an air stream from the supply opening to the
position, is the stream at which air motion reduces to 50
fpm.
43.	 Ton of Refrigeration - a rate of heat interchange of
12,000 BTU per hour; 200 BTU per min.
44.	 Unit Cooler - adapted from unit heater to cover any
cooling element of condensed physical proportions and
large surface generally equipped with fan.

Quick Selection Guide
					
			
+35 Room		
		
Floor	
Usage		
	
Dimension	
Sq. Ft.	
Avg.	
Heavy	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

6x6x8	
6x8x8	
6x10x8	
8x8x8	
8x10x8	
8x12x8	
8x14x8	
8x16x8	
8x18x8	
8x20x8	
8x22x8	
8x24x8	
8x26x8	
8x28x8	
8x30x8	
8x32x8	
10x10x8	
10x12x8	
10x14x8	
10x16x8	
10x18x8	
10x20x8	
10x24x8	
10x28x8	
12x12x8	
12x14x8	
12x16x8	
12x18x8	
12x20x8	
12x22x8	
14x14x8	
14x16x8	
14x20x8	
14x24x8	
16x16x8	
16x20x8	
16x24x8	
18x18x8	
18x20x8	
18x24x8	
20x20x8	
20x24x8	
20x28x8	
20x32x8	
20x36x8	
20x40x8	
24x40x8	
28x40x8	
32x40x8	
36x40x8	
40x40x8	

36	
48	
60	
64	
80	
96	
112	
128	
144	
160	
176	
192	
208	
224	
240	
256	
100	
120	
140	
160	
180	
200	
240	
280	
144	
168	
192	
216	
240	
264	
196	
224	
280	
336	
256	
320	
374	
324	
360	
432	
400	
480	
560	
640	
720	
800	
960	
1120	
1280	
1440	
1600	

4750	
5417	
6055	
6188	
6954	
7669	
8366	
9051	
9748	
10419	
11540	
12224	
12874	
13519	
14187	
14824	
7789	
8626	
9439	
10250	
11049	
11838	
13391	
14891	
10038	
10956	
11886	
12775	
13681	
14549	
11993	
13013	
15011	
16969	
14148	
16349	
18506	
16476	
18128	
20484	
19470	
21988	
24963	
27480	
29946	
32420	
38694	
43183	
48550	
54344	
58738	

6389	
7274	
8100	
8291	
9269	
10174	
11045	
11888	
12732	
13548	
14807	
15622	
16398	
17163	
17947	
18694	
10339	
11385	
12384	
13379	
14349	
15299	
17180	
18922	
13021	
14155	
15284	
16359	
17440	
18474	
15423	
16656	
19042	
21347	
18019	
20631	
23157	
20782	
22644	
25389	
24145	
27132	
30480	
33340	
36127	
38904	
45735	
50733	
56318	
62804	
67611	

BTUH Load
+30 Room		
Usage		
Avg.	
Heavy	
4488	
5119	
5722	
5848	
6572	
7247	
7905	
8553	
9212	
9846	
10905	
11522	
12166	
12775	
13407	
14009	
7361	
8152	
8920	
9686	
10441	
11187	
12654	
14072	
9486	
10353	
11232	
12072	
12928	
13749	
11333	
12297	
14185	
16036	
13370	
15450	
17488	
15570	
17131	
19357	
18340	
20779	
23590	
25969	
28299	
30637	
36565	
40808	
45880	
51355	
55507	

6037	
6974	
7655	
7835	
8759	
9614	
10437	
11234	
12032	
12803	
13992	
14763	
15496	
16219	
16960	
17666	
9770	
10759	
11703	
12643	
13560	
14458	
16207	
17881	
12305	
13376	
14443	
15459	
16481	
17458	
14575	
15740	
17795	
21073	
17028	
19496	
21883	
19639	
21398	
23993	
22817	
25640	
28804	
31506	
34140	
36764	
46878	
48970	
55056	
61626	
66608	

0 Room		
Usage		
Avg.	
Heavy	
4583	
5225	
5806	
5934	
6631	
7273	
7922	
8528	
9169	
9755	
10817	
11386	
11976	
12530	
13108	
13653	
7386	
8138	
8887	
9577	
10279	
10942	
12751	
14043	
8991	
10235	
11029	
11807	
12573	
13299	
11126	
11995	
13687	
15330	
12939	
14777	
16563	
14864	
16305	
18260	
17386	
19453	
21963	
23954	
25919	
27888	
34681	
38123	
42894	
46254	
49583	

6505	
7407	
8213	
8410	
9363	
10234	
11092	
11890	
12732	
13490	
14715	
15439	
16176	
16873	
17587	
18264	
10401	
11405	
12405	
13311	
14216	
15070	
17231	
18844	
12553	
14052	
15082	
16080	
17052	
17974	
15216	
16338	
18487	
20539	
17550	
19873	
22093	
19989	
21678	
24090	
23019	
25566	
28514	
30909	
33251	
35575	
43023	
47062	
51900	
56259	
60073	

-10 room		
Usage		
Avg.	
Heavy	
4929	
5630	
6265	
6405	
7165	
7867	
8575	
9237	
9936	
10576	
11692	
12314	
12955	
13562	
14191	
14786	
7990	
8809	
9626	
10379	
11144	
11868	
13796	
15205	
9739	
11055	
11919	
12767	
13599	
14392	
12024	
12971	
14811	
16598	
13998	
15996	
17938	
16090	
17617	
19739	
18790	
21036	
23721	
25884	
28017	
30153	
37368	
41095	
46146	
49872	
53385	

7041	
8028	
8911	
9127	
10169	
11123	
12059	
12933	
13852	
14682	
15977	
16769	
17573	
18336	
19115	
19855	
11304	
12401	
13493	
14484	
15472	
16405	
18721	
20482	
13655	
15251	
16375	
17464	
18524	
19541	
16521	
17745	
20088	
22324	
19067	
21598	
24017	
21724	
23523	
26149	
24982	
27755	
30922	
33529	
36077	
38603	
46538	
50921	
56580	
60781	
64916	

-20 Room
Usage
Avg.	
Heavy
5274	
6034	
6725	
6876	
7699	
8461	
9227	
9946	
10702	
11397	
12567	
13242	
13935	
14594	
15274	
15920	
8594	
9481	
10365	
11182	
12009	
12794	
14842	
16367	
10486	
11875	
12810	
13726	
14626	
15485	
12923	
13946	
15935	
17866	
15056	
17215	
19313	
17317	
18930	
21219	
20194	
22619	
25479	
27813	
30115	
32518	
39939	
43950	
49282	
53194	
57070	

7577
8648
9609
9844
10974
12011
13026
13976
14972
15874
17239
18099
18970
19799
20642
21446
12208
13397
14581
15658
16728
17741
20211
22120
14756
16450
17667
18847
19995
21088
17826
19152
21688
24110
20583
23323
25941
23460
25369
28208
16945
29945
33330
36149
38903
41631
49937
54664
60656
65186
69642	

*Heavy usage is defined as two times the average air change. Average air
changes determined by ASHRAE based on box size for 24 hour period.

41

Tips for Quick Selection Guide
Walk- In Cooler Box Load Parameter

Walk-In Freezer Box Load Parameters

1.	
2.	
3.	
4.	
	
5.	
6.	
7.	
8.	
9.	

1.	
2.	
3.	
4.	
5.	
6.	
7.	
	
8.	
9.	

95ºF. ambient air temperature surrounding box.
4” Styrene (R=16.7, K=0.24) walls/ceilling, 6” concrete slab floor.
Average product load with 5ºF. pull down in 24 hours.
BTUH load based on 16-18 hour compressor run time for 35ºF.
box (timer recommended) +20 hours for 30ºF. box.
See Table C for adjustment to box load for glass doors.
For 80ºF. ambient temp. surrounding box, deduct 12%.
For 4” Urethane walls+ceiling, 6” concrete slab floor deduct 12%.
For 10’ ceiling height add 10%.
For additional BTUH load for product cooling see Table A.

95ºF. ambient air temperature surrounding box.
4” Urethane (R=25, K=0.16) walls, ceiling + floor.
Average product load with 10 degree pull down in 24 hours.
BTUH load based on 18 hour compressor run time.
See Table C for adjustment to box load for glass doors.
For 80ºF. ambient air temp. surrounding box, deduct 12%.
For 20 hour compressor run time (light frost load) in lieu of 18
hour run time, deduct 11%
For 10’ ceiling height add 10%
For additional BTUH load for product freezing, refer to Table D

Table A
Product Cooling Loads for Walk-In Coolers

(24 hour pull down/18 hour compressor operation) 24% safety factor added to loads to allow for service.
		
	
Product	
		
	
Beef	
	
Pork	
	
Veal & Lamb	
	
Poultry	
	
Seafood	
	
Vegetables	
	
Bakery Food	
	
Beer	

Specific Heat	
Above	
Freezing	
0.72	
0.53	
0.76	
0.79	
0.80	
0.92	
0.74	
1	

	
500	
240	
177	
253	
263	
267	
307	
247	
333	

10 Degree Pull down BTUH Load for Indicated
lbs of Product per 24 Hours
1000	
1500	
2000	
480	
720	
960	
353	
530	
706	
506	
760	
1012	
526	
790	
1053	
533	
800	
1066	
613	
920	
1226	
494	
740	
988	
666	
1000	
1333	

3000	
1440	
1060	
1520	
1580	
1600	
1840	
1480	
2000	

5000
2400
1767
2533
2633
2667
3067
2467
3333

For product pull down greater than 10 degrees, divide pull down
temperature by 10. Multiply this number by the BTUH shown on
Table A, then add to Box Load

Table B
Meat Cutting/Prep Room Load	
	 Floor	
	
SQ FT	
		
	 100	
	 200	
	 300	
	 400	
	 500	
	 600	
	 700	
	 800	
	 900	
	 1000	
	 1200	

Approx. 65% R.H.
Room Temp.
55ºF.	
50ºF.
93	
105
88	
99
85	
95
81	
90
78	
87
75	
85
72	
81
69	
78
67	
75
65	
73
62	
69	

(BTU/HR/SQ FT of floor area)

Room Loads based on continuous
operation and includes allowance
for average number of personnel,
processing equipment, etc., with
glass panel in one wall and walls
and ceiling insulated with 3” of
styrene with box located in air
conditioned area. Evaporator
should be low outlet velocity type
to avoid drafts and should be
selected for continuous operation
and not less than 30ºF. evap. temp.

Table C
Glass Door Loads
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

Box	
Temperature	
+35	
+30	
0	
-10	
-20	

BTU per
Door
1060
960
1730
1730
1730

* Adjusted for 16-18 hour run time. Multiply number of doors
times door load above and add to box load.

Table D
Product Freezing Loads for Walk-In Freezers
		
	
Product	
		
	
Beef	
	
Pork	
	
Veal & Lamb	
	
Poultry	
	
Seafood	
	
Vegetables	
	
Bakery Foods	

Spec. Heat		
BTU/lb/Deg. F.	Heat	
32 +	
32 -	
0.72	
0.40	
0.53	
0.32	
0.76	
0.45	
0.79	
0.42	
0.80	
0.43	
0.92	
0.47	
0.74	
0.34	

Latent	
Temp.	
BTU/lb.	
95	
60	
100	
106	
110	
130	
53	

Freezing loads based on product entering at 40ºF. maximum.
For a specific pull down time, the product load BTU/hr. may be
adjusted by multiplying the above loads by 24 and dividing by

42

Freezer
-10ºF. Freezer Temperature BTUH for Indicated lbs. Prod/Day
(F)	
100	
300	
750	
1000	
29	
790	
2370	
5925	
7900	
28	
523	
1571	
3926	
5235	
28	
841	
2524	
6311	
8414	
27	
878	
2636	
6590	
8787	
28	
906	
2719	
6797	
9063	
30	
1053	
3159	
7898	
10530	
20	
520	
1560	
3900	
5200	

1500	
11850	
7853	
12621	
13181	
13595	
15795	
7800	

the specific pull down time in hours. To adjust for 0ºF. freezer
temperature, multiply the above loads by 0.97, and for -20ºF.
freezer, multiply by 1.04.

3000
23700
15710
25240
26360
27190
31590
15600

Rapid Load Calculator for Large Coolers and Freezers
Design Conditions: 95ºF. ambient; heavy
service; 16-hr. compressor running time;
average number of lights, motors, and
people; product load figured according
to accompanying table; product traffic
calculated at 30 degree temperature
reduction for coolers, 10 degree
temperature reduction for freezers.

Note: This calculator will work equally well
for coolers and freezers, providing the room
is insulated as indicated below:
	 35ºF.	 cooler- 3” 	
polystyrene or equivalent
	 30ºF.	 cooler- 4”	
polystyrene or equivalent
	 0ºF.	 cooler- 5” 	
polystyrene or equivalent
	 -10ºF.	 cooler- 5 1/2” polystyrene or equivalent
	 -20ºF.	 cooler- 6” 	
polystyrene or equivalent

Material originated by Hugo Smith, consulting editor, Air
Conditioning and Refrigeration Business. Reprinted by permission
from the April 1968 issue of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration

Example: 100 x 40 x 20’ zero ºF. freezer.
Outside surface totals 13,600 sq. ft. Find
13,600 sq. ft. outside surface line at left
of graph. Follow it across to the straight
line curve. Then drop down to total load
line at bottom of graph. Total load for this
example is 224,000 BTUH. Select equipment
accordingly.

Business. Copyright by Industrial Publishing Co., Division of Pittway
Corporation.
		
	
Volume-	
	
Cu. Ft.	

Average Daily	
Product Loads (lbs.)	
for Coolers	

Average Daily
Product Loads (lbs.)
for Freezers

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

6,200	
8,000	
11,000	
17,000	
26,000	
33,000	
40,000	
56,000	
66,000	
110,000	
150,000	

1,600	
2,000	
2,500	
4,000	
6,200	
7,500	
9,500	
13,000	
17,000	
25,000	
34,000	

500	
3,000	
4,600	
8,100	
12,800	
16,000	
20,000	
28,000	
40,000	
60,000	
80,000	

-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	

3,000	
4,600	
8,100	
12,800	
16,000	
20,000	
28,000	
40,000	
60,000	
80,000	
up	

-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	

8,000	
11,000	
17,000	
26,000	
33,000	
40,000	
56,000	
66,000	
110,000	
150,000	
up	

-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	
-	

2,000
2,500
4,000
6,200
7,500
9,500
13,000
17,000
25,000
34,000
up

43

Since product improvement is a continuing effort, we reserve the right to make changes in
specifications without notice.

Heatcraft Refrigeration Products LLC
2175 West Park Place Blvd • Stone Mountain, GA 30087
Phone: 800.321.1881• Fax: 770.465.5990 • www.heatcraftrpd.com

The name behind the brands you trust.™

®
®

CLIMATE
CLIMATE
CONTROL
CONTROL

Commercial Refrigeration Parts
Commercial Refrigeration Parts

™

H-ENGM 0408

44



---

Source Exif Data:

File Type                       : PDF
File Type Extension             : pdf
MIME Type                       : application/pdf
PDF Version                     : 1.4
Linearized                      : Yes
Tagged PDF                      : Yes
XMP Toolkit                     : Adobe XMP Core 4.2.2-c063 53.352624, 2008/07/30-18:05:41
Create Date                     : 2010:11:05 11:36:18-04:00
Metadata Date                   : 2010:11:05 11:36:45-04:00
Modify Date                     : 2010:11:05 11:36:45-04:00
Creator Tool                    : Adobe InDesign CS4 (6.0.5)
Thumbnail Format                : JPEG
Thumbnail Width                 : 256
Thumbnail Height                : 256
Thumbnail Image                 : (Binary data 12072 bytes, use -b option to extract)
Instance ID                     : uuid:ce5f66e1-bf00-0c45-9dd4-9ada2f10c5cf
Document ID                     : adobe:docid:indd:089b6cad-0efa-11dd-8fae-9318f4a9612f
Rendition Class                 : proof:pdf
Derived From Instance ID        : 089b6cac-0efa-11dd-8fae-9318f4a9612f
Derived From Document ID        : adobe:docid:indd:7fefc5b3-0d6d-11dd-ab93-fb4daf8de191
Manifest Link Form              : ReferenceStream, ReferenceStream, ReferenceStream, ReferenceStream, ReferenceStream, ReferenceStream, ReferenceStream, ReferenceStream, ReferenceStream, ReferenceStream, ReferenceStream, ReferenceStream, ReferenceStream, ReferenceStream, ReferenceStream, ReferenceStream, ReferenceStream
Manifest Placed X Resolution    : 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00
Manifest Placed Y Resolution    : 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00, 72.00
Manifest Placed Resolution Unit : Inches, Inches, Inches, Inches, Inches, Inches, Inches, Inches, Inches, Inches, Inches, Inches, Inches, Inches, Inches, Inches, Inches
Manifest Reference Instance ID  : uuid:B52B1F8A0EFD11DDBC8AB8EFE0930047, uuid:8A81BF14095B11DD867BA7107F59B630, uuid:8A81BF10095B11DD867BA7107F59B630, uuid:97C421B60B9C11DD8B8DD1895B25B0D2, uuid:e74491ac-585e-11da-8666-000d93370c16, uuid:f196359d-591e-11da-a5d8-000d93370c16, uuid:21f6b757-50a1-11da-866c-000d93370c16, uuid:fa3566e8-db28-11d9-b5ce-9121f2fd66a4, uuid:15de3fdf-db2b-11d9-b5ce-9121f2fd66a4, uuid:CF39ACA254C011DCB26CB11291CB60DE, uuid:CAE34E5A299611DCA362F8233FCF0961, uuid:CF39ACA654C011DCB26CB11291CB60DE, uuid:CF39ACA254C011DCB26CB11291CB60DE, uuid:CAE34E5A299611DCA362F8233FCF0961, uuid:CAE34E5F299611DCA362F8233FCF0961, uuid:C92CAC62087F11DD867BA7107F59B630, uuid:8a558dc6-6bc6-11d9-83ca-000d93370c16
Manifest Reference Document ID  : uuid:B52B1F890EFD11DDBC8AB8EFE0930047, uuid:8A81BF11095B11DD867BA7107F59B630, uuid:8A81BF0A095B11DD867BA7107F59B630, uuid:97C421B50B9C11DD8B8DD1895B25B0D2, uuid:12968d8b-5232-11da-9257-000d93370c16, uuid:71dbd450-591c-11da-a47b-000d93370c16, uuid:21f6b0ca-50a1-11da-866c-000d93370c16, adobe:docid:photoshop:fa3566e7-db28-11d9-b5ce-9121f2fd66a4, adobe:docid:photoshop:15de3fde-db2b-11d9-b5ce-9121f2fd66a4, uuid:C30B8A5054BF11DCB26CB11291CB60DE, uuid:CAE34E59299611DCA362F8233FCF0961, uuid:D7695D0253C811DCB26CB11291CB60DE, uuid:C30B8A5054BF11DCB26CB11291CB60DE, uuid:CAE34E59299611DCA362F8233FCF0961, uuid:CAE34E5D299611DCA362F8233FCF0961, uuid:C92CAC61087F11DD867BA7107F59B630, uuid:8a557fa8-6bc6-11d9-83ca-000d93370c16
Format                          : application/pdf
Producer                        : Adobe PDF Library 9.0
Trapped                         : False
Page Count                      : 44
Creator                         : Adobe InDesign CS4 (6.0.5)

EXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools