Hp 17Bii Users Manual Plus E PRINT 030709
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HP 17bII+ Financial Calculator
Owner’s Manual
Edition 1
Part Number F2234-90020
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
Print data : 2003/7/11
Notice
For warranty and regulatory information for this calculator, see the owner’s
manual.
This manual and any examples contained herein are provided “as is” and
are subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard Company makes no
warranty of any kind with regard to this manual, including, but not
limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard Co. shall not be liable for any errors or
for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing,
performance, or use of this manual or the examples contained herein.
© Copyright 2003 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Reproduction, adaptation, or translation of this manual is prohibited without
prior written permission of Hewlett-Packard Company, except as allowed
under the copyright laws.
The programs that control your calculator are copyrighted and all rights are
reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation of those programs without
prior written permission of Hewlett-Packard Co. is also prohibited.
4995, Murphy Canyon Rd,
Suite 301
San Diego,CA 92123
Printing History
Edition 1
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
June 2003
Print data : 2003/7/11
Welcome to the HP 17bII+
The HP 17bII+ is part of Hewlett-Packard’s new generation of calculators:
! The two-line display has space for messages, prompts, and labels.
! Menus and messages show you options and guide you through problems.
! Built-in applications solve these business and financial tasks:
!
Time Value of Money. For loans, savings, leasing, and amortization.
!
Interest Conversions. Between nominal and effective rates.
!
Cash Flows. Discounted cash flows for calculating net present value
and internal rate of return.
!
Bonds. Price or yield on any date. Annual or semi-annual coupons;
30/360 or actual/actual calendar.
!
Depreciation. Using methods of straight line, declining balance,
sum-of-the-years’ digits, and accelerated cost recovery system.
!
Business Percentages. Percent change, percent total, markup.
!
Currency Exchange. Exchange calculations between two currencies.
!
Statistics. Mean, correlation coefficient, linear estimates, and other
statistical calculations.
!
Clock. Time, date, and appointments.
! Use the Solver for problems that aren’t built in: type an equation and then
solve for any unknown value. It’s easier than programming!
! There are 28K bytes of memory to store data, lists, and equations.
! You can print information using the HP 82240 Infrared Printer.
! You can choose either ALG (Algebraic) or RPN (Reverse Polish Notation)
entry logic for your calculations.
Welcome to the hp17bII+
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
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3
Contents
1
13
16
List of Examples
Important Information
17
17
17
18
18
19
19
21
22
22
23
25
27
28
28
29
30
Getting Started
Power On and Off; Continuous Memory
Adjusting the Display Contrast
Setting the Language
What You See in the Display
The Shift Key (@)
Backspacing and Clearing
Doing Arithmetic
Keying in Negative Numbers (&)
Using the Menu Keys
The MAIN Menu
Choosing Menus and Reading Menu Maps
Calculations Using Menus
Exiting Menus (e)
Clearing Values in Menus
Solving Your Own Equations (SOLVE)
Typing Words and Characters: the ALPHAbetic
Menu
Editing ALPHAbetic Text
Calculating the Answer (CALC)
Controlling the Display Format
Decimal Places
Internal Precision
Temporarily SHOWing ALL
Rounding a Number
Exchanging Periods and Commas in Numbers
31
32
34
34
34
34
35
35
4
Contents
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36
37
Error Messages
Modes
Calculator Memory (@M)
2
38
38
38
40
40
40
41
42
43
43
44
45
46
47
48
Arithmetic
The Calculator Line
Doing Calculations
Using Parentheses in Calculations
The Percent Key
The Mathematical Functions
The Power Function (Exponentiation)
The MATH Menu
Saving and Reusing Numbers
The History Stack of Numbers
Reusing the Last Result (@L)
Storing and Recalling Numbers
Doing Arithmetic Inside Registers and Variables
Scientific Notation
Range of Numbers
3
49
50
50
50
51
52
52
53
Percentage Calculations in Business
Using the BUS Menus
Examples Using the BUS Menus
Percent Change (%CHG)
Percent of Total (%TOTL)
Markup as a Percent of Cost (MU%C)
Markup as a Percent of Price (MU%P)
Sharing Variables Between Menus
4
54
54
55
57
Currency Exchange Calculation
The CURRX Menu
Selecting a Set of Currencies
Entering a Rate
Contents
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59
59
60
Converting between Two Currencies
Storing and Recalling Sets of Currencies
Clearing the Currency Variables
5
61
61
64
66
67
71
74
77
78
81
Time Value of Money
The TVM Menu
Cash Flow Diagrams and Signs of Numbers
Using the TVM Menu
Loan Calculations
Savings Calculations
Leasing Calculations
Amortization (AMRT)
Displaying an Amortization Schedule
Printing an Amortization Table
6
84
85
85
87
Interest Rate Conversions
The ICNV Menu
Converting Interest Rates
Compounding Periods Different from Payment Periods
7
91
91
92
94
95
97
98
Cash Flow Calculations
The CFLO Menu
Cash Flow Diagrams and Signs of Numbers
Creating a Cash-Flow List
Entering Cash Flows
Viewing and Correcting the List
Copying a Number from a List to the Calculator
Line
Naming and Renaming a Cash-Flow List
Starting or GETting Another List
Clearing a Cash-Flow List and Its Name
Cash-Flow Calculations: IRR, NPV, NUS, NFV
Doing Other Calculations with CFLO Data
98
99
99
100
107
6
Contents
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108
108
110
Bonds
The BOND Menu
Doing Bond Calculations
9
114
114
116
116
118
119
Depreciation
The DEPRC Menu
Doing Depreciation Calculations
DB, SOYD, and SL Methods
The ACRS Method
Partial-Year Depreciation
10
121
122
123
123
124
126
126
127
127
127
128
130
133
138
139
140
Running Total and Statistics
The SUM Menu
Creating a SUM List
Entering Numbers and Viewing the TOTAL
Viewing and Correcting the List
Copying a Number from a List to the Calculator
Line
Naming and Renaming a SUM List
Starting or GETting Another List
Clearing a SUM List and Its Name
Doing Statistical Calculations (CALC)
Calculations with One Variable
Calculations with Two Variables (FRCST)
Curve Fitting and Forecasting
Weighted Mean and Grouped Standard Deviation
Summation Statistics
Doing Other Calculations with SUM Data
141
141
Time, Appointments, and Date Arithmetic
Viewing the Time and Date
11
Contents
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12
142
143
144
144
145
145
147
148
148
149
150
150
151
The Time Menu
Setting the Time and Date (SET)
Changing the Time and Date Formats (SET)
Adjusting the Clock Setting (ADJST)
Appointments (APPT)
Viewing or Setting an Appointment (APT1-APT10)
Acknowledging an Appointment
Unacknowledged Appointments
Clearing Appointments
Date Arithmetic (CALC)
Determining the Day of the Week for Any Date
Calculating the Number of Days between Dates
Calculating Past or Future Dates
153
153
156
157
158
161
161
162
162
162
163
164
164
The Equation Solver
Solver Example : Sales Forecasts
The SOLVE Menu
Entering Equations
Calculating Using Solver Menus (CALC)
Editing an Equation (EDIT)
Naming an Equation
Finding an Equation in the Solver List
Shared Variables
Clearing Variables
Deleting Variables and Equations
Deleting One Equation or Its Variables (DELET)
Deleting All Equations or All Variables in the Solver
(@c)
Writing Equations
What Can Appear in an Equation
Solver Functions
Conditional Expressions with IF
The Summation Function (∑)
Accessing CFLO and SUM Lists from the Solver
Creating Menus for Multiple Equations
(S Function)
164
166
168
174
176
177
178
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179
180
181
How the Solver Works
Halting and Restarting the Numerical Search
Entering Guesses
13
184
185
185
185
186
186
188
188
189
Printing
The Printer’s Power Source
Double-Space Printing
Printing the Display(P)
Printing Other Information (@p)
Printing Variables, Lists, and Appointments (LIST)
Printing Descriptive Messages (MSG)
Trace Printing (TRACE)
How to Interrupt the Printer
14
190
190
190
191
193
195
197
199
200
200
202
206
208
209
213
215
216
217
217
219
Additional Examples
Loans
Simple Annual Interest
Yield of a Discounted (or Premium) Mortgage
Annual Percentage Rate for a Loan with Fees
Loan with an Odd (Partial) First Period
Canadian Mortgages
Advance Payments (Leasing)
Savings
Value of a Fund with Regular Withdrawals
Deposits Needed for a Child’s College Account
Value of a Tax-Free Account
Value of a Taxable Retirement Account
Modified Internal Rate of Return
Price of an Insurance Policy
Bonds
Discounted Notes
Statistics
Moving Average
Chi-Squared (χ2) Statistics
Contents
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A
222
222
222
224
224
225
227
228
230
231
231
231
232
233
235
236
237
Assistance, Batteries, Memory, and Service
Obtaining Help in Operating the Calculator
Answers to Common Questions
Power and Batteries
Low-Power Indications
Installing Batteries
Managing Calculator Memory
Resetting the Calculator
Erasing Continuous Memory
Clock Accuracy
Environmental Limits
Determining If the Calculator Requires Service
Confirming Calculator Operation: Self-Test
Warranty
Service
Regulatory information
Noise Declaration
B
238
238
238
239
239
240
240
242
246
246
247
247
247
248
More About Calculations
IRR% Calculations
Possible Outcomes of Calculating IRR%
Halting and Restarting the IRR% Calculation
Storing a Guess for IRR%
Solver Calculations
Direct Solutions
Iterative Solutions
Equations Used by Built-in Menus
Actuarial Functions
Percentage Calculations in Business (BUS)
Time Value of Money (TVM)
Amortization
Interest Rate Conversions
10
Contents
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248
215
250
251
251
252
252
253
253
253
Cash-Flow Calculations
Bond Calculations
Depreciation Calculations
Sum and Statistics
Forecasting
Equations Used in (Chapter 14)
Canadian Mortgages
Odd-Period Calculations
Advance Payments
Modified Internal Rate of Return
C
254
Menu Maps
D
261
261
261
262
263
264
264
264
266
266
RPN: Summary
About RPN
About RPN on the HP 17bII+
Setting RPN Mode
Where the RPN Functions Are
Doing Calculations in RPN
Arithmetic Topics Affected by RPN Mode
Simple Arithmetic
Calculations with STO and RCL
Chain Calculations－No Parentheses!
E
268
268
269
269
270
271
272
273
273
RPN: The Stack
What the Stack Is
Reviewing the Stack (Roll Down)
Exchanging the X- and Y-Registers in the Stack
Arithmetic－How the Stack Does It
How ENTER Works
Clearing Numbers
The LAST X Register
Retrieving Numbers from LAST X
Contents
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11
F
12
273
274
275
Reusing Numbers
Chain Calculations
Exercises
276
RPN: Selected Examples
283
Error Messages
289
Index
Contents
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
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List of Examples
The following list groups the examples by category.
25
29
40
178
190
50
51
52
52
53
159
Getting Started
Using Menus
Using the Solver
Arithmetic
Calculating Simple Interest
Unit Conversions
Simple Interest at an Annual Rate
(RPN example on page 276)
General Business Calculations
Percent Change
Percent of Total
Markup as a Percent of Cost
Markup as a Percent of Price
Using Shared Variables
Return on Equity
57
58
59
Currency Exchange Calculations
Calculating an Exchange Rate
Storing an Exchange Rate
Converting between Hong Kong and U.S Dollars
67
68
69
71
Time Value of Money
A Car Loan
A Home Mortgage
A Mortgage with a Balloon Payment
A Savings Account
List of Examples
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
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72
74
75
80
82
172
191
193
194
196
197
198
200
200
202
207
208
214
86
89
97
102
104
105
210
14
An Individual Retirement Account
Calculating a Lease Payment
Present Value of a Lease with Advanced Payments
and Option to Buy
Displaying an Amortization Schedule for a Home
Mortgage
Printing an Amortization Schedule
Calculations for a Loan with an Odd First Period
Discounted Mortgage
APR for a Loan with Fees
(RPN example on page 276)
Loan from the Lender’s Point of View
(RPN example on page 277)
Loan with an Odd First Period
Loan with an Odd First Period Plus Balloon
Canadian Mortgage
Leasing with Advance Payments
A Fund with Regular Withdrawals
Savings for College (RPN example on page 278)
Tax-Free Account (RPN example on page 280)
Taxable Retirement Account
(RPN example on page 282)
Insurance Policy
Interest Rate Conversions
Converting from a Nominal to an Effective Interest
Rate
Balance of a Savings Account
Cash Flow Calculations
Entering Cash Flows
Calculating IRR and NPV of an Investment
An Investment with Grouped Cash Flows
An Investment with Quarterly Returns
Modified IRR
List of Examples
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
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111
112
113
215
217
Bonds and Notes
Price and Yield of a Bond
A Bond with a Call Feature
A Zero-Coupon Bond
Yield to Maturity and Yield to Call
Price and Yield of a Discounted Note
117
118
120
Depreciation
Declining-Balance Depreciation
ACRS Deductions
Partial-Year Depreciation
125
128
134
138
218
220
Running Total and Statistical Calculations
Updating a Checkbook
Mean, Median, and Standard Deviation
Curve Fitting
Weighted Mean
A Moving Average in Manufacturing
2
Expected Throws of a Die ( χ )
144
148
151
152
Time, Alarms, and Date Arithmetic
Setting the Date and Time
Clearing and Setting an Appointment
Calculating the Number of Days between Two Dates
Determining a Future Date
159
166
172
175
181
How to Use the Equation Solver
Return on Equity
Sales Forecasts
Using a Solver Function (USPV)
Nested IF Functions
Using Guesses to Find a Solution Iteratively
189
Printing
Trace-Printing an Arithmetic Calculation
List of Examples
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15
Important Information
! Take the time to read chapter 1. It gives you an overview of how the
calculator works, and introduces terms and concepts that are used
throughout the manual. After reading chapter 1, you’ll be ready to
start using all of the calculator’s features.
! You can choose either ALG (Algebraic) or RPN (Reverse Polish
Notation) mode for your calculations. Throughout the manual, the
“v “in the margin indicates that the examples or keystrokes must be
performed differently in RPN. Appendixes D, E, and F explain how to
use your calculator in RPN mode.
! Match the problem you need to solve with the calculator’s capabilities
and read the related topic. You can locate information about the
calculator’s features using the table of contents, the subject index, the
list of examples, and the menu maps in appendix C (the gold-edged
pages).
! Before doing any time-value-of-money or cash-flow problems, refer to
pages 64 and 92 to learn how the calculator uses positive and
negative numbers in financial calculations.
! For a deeper treatment of specific types of calculations, refer to
chapter 14, “Additional Examples.” If you especially like learning by
example, this is a good reference spot for you.
16
Important Information
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
Print data : 2003/7/11
1
Getting Started
v
Watch for this symbol in the margin. It identifies examples
or keystrokes that are shown in ALG mode and must be
performed differently in RPN mode. Appendixes D, E, and F
explain how to use your calculator in RPN mode.
The mode affects only arithmetic calculations ― all other operations,
including the Solver, work the same in RPN and ALG modes.
Power On and Off; Continuous Memory
To turn on the calculator, press C (clear) (note ON printed below
the key). To turn it off, press @ and then C. This shifted function is
called o (note OFF printed above the key). Since the calculator has
Continuous Memory, turning it off does not affect the information you’ve
stored there.
To conserve energy, the calculator turns itself off after 10 minutes of no
use.
If you see the low battery symbol (
) at the top of the display, you
should replace the batteries as soon as possible. Follow the instructions
on page 224.
Adjusting the Display Contrast
The display’s brightness depends on lighting, your viewing angle, and
the display contrast setting. To change the display contrast, hold down
the C key and press + or -.
1: Getting Started
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17
Setting the Language
The calculator can display information in six different languages. The
language initially used by the calculator was preset at the factory. To
change the language:
1. Press the @ >.
2. Press ! to display the INTL menu, which stands for
"international".
3. Press the appropriate menu key to change the language.
Table 1-1. Keys for language
Key
Description
"#
German
$#
English
%#
Spanish
&#
French
'!
Italian
(#
Portuguese
What You See in the Display
Menu Labels. The bottom line of the display shows the menu labels for
each of the six major menus (work areas) in the calculator. More about
these later in this chapter.
The Calculator Line. The calculator line is where you see numbers (or
letters) that you enter, and the results of calculations.
Annunciators. The symbols shown here are called annunciators.
Each one has a special significance.
18
1: Getting Started
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Shift (@ ) is
active.
(page 19)
Sending information Alarm going off
(or past due).
to the printer.
(page 147)
(page 184)
Batteries low.
(page 224)
Annunciators
Calculator
line
Cursor
Menu labels for the MAIN menu.
To display the MAIN menu, press
@A (that is, first @ , then
e).
The Shift Key (@)
Some keys have a second, shifted function printed in color above the
key. The colored shift key accesses these operations. For example,
pressing and releasing @ , then pressing C turns the calculator off.
This is written @o.
Pressing @ turns on the shift annunciator (
). This symbol stays on
until you press the next key. If you ever press @ by mistake, just press @
again to turn off the
.
Backspacing and Clearing
The following keys erase typing mistakes, entire numbers, or even lists or
sets of data.
1: Getting Started
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19
Table 1-2. Keys for Clearing
Key
Description
<
C
Backspace; erases the character before the cursor.
@c
This clears all information in the current work area
(menu). For example, it will erase all the numbers in
a list if you are currently viewing a list (SUM or
CFLO). In other menus (like TVM), @c clears
all of the values that have been stored. In SOLVE, it
can delete all equations.
Clear; clears the calculator line. (When the calculator
is off, this key turns the calculator on, but without
clearing anything.)
The cursor ( ! ) is visible while you are keying in a number or doing a
calculation. When the cursor is visible, pressing < deletes the last
character you keyed in. When the cursor is not visible, pressing <
erases the last number.
Keys:
Display:
Description:
12345 <<
.66
"
Backspacing removes
#$%&''!"
the 4 and 5.
@t
<
(&(#"
Calculates 1/123.66.
(&(("
Clears the calculator
line.
In addition, there are more drastic clearing operations that erase more
information at once. Refer to “Resetting the Calculator” on page 228 in
appendix A.
20
1: Getting Started
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
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Doing Arithmetic
v
The “
” in the margin is a reminder that the example keystrokes are
for ALG mode.
This is a brief introduction to doing arithmetic. More information on
arithmetic is in chapter 2. Remember that you can erase errors by
pressing < or C.
To calculate 21.1 ＋ 23.8:
Keys:
Display:
Description:
21.1 +
23.8
$#&#()"
$#&#()$%&*"
=
++&,("
= completes calculation.
Once a calculation has been completed, pressing another digit key
starts a new calculation. On the other hand, pressing an operator key
continues the calculation:
77.35 90.89 =
--&%./"
Calculates 77.35 – 90.89
/#%&.+"
65 @v* 12 "
,'&-."
=
/ 3.5 =
New calculation:
65 x 12.
Calculates 96.75 ÷ 3.5.
$-&'+"
You can also do long calculations without pressing = after each
intermediate calculation—just press it at the end. The operators perform
from left to right, in the order you enter them. Compare:
65 + 12
3.5
65 + 12 /
3.5 =
and
65 +
12
3.5
"
Operations occur in the
$$&(("
order you see them.
1: Getting Started
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21
65 +( 12 / "
3.5 )=
'*&+%"
Use parentheses to impose
an order of calculation.
Keying in Negative Numbers (&)
The & key changes the sign of a number.
! To key in a negative number, type that number, then press &.
! To change the sign of an already displayed number (it must be the
rightmost number), press &.
v
Keys:
Display:
Description:
75 &
* 7.1 =
/-."
Changes the sign of 75.
/.%$&.("
Multiplies －75 by 7.1.
Using the Menu Keys
The calculator usually displays a set of labels across the bottom of the
display. The set is called a menu because it presents you with choices.
The MAIN menu is the starting point for all other menus.
22
1: Getting Started
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
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(( ))
Menu Labels
Menu Keys
The top row of keys is related to the labels along the bottom of the
display. The labels tell you what the keys do. The six keys are called
menu keys; the labels are called menu labels.
The MAIN Menu
The MAIN menu is a set of primary choices leading to other menu
options. No matter which menu you currently see, pressing @A
redisplays the MAIN menu. The menu structure is hierarchical.
1: Getting Started
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23
Table 1-3. The MAIN Menu
Menu Label
Operations Done in
This Category
" # TVM: Time value of money:
(Finance)
##
(Business Percentages)
$!
(Statistics)
%#
(Time Manager)
&!
(Equation Solver)
'!
(Currency Exchange)
24
Covered in:
Chapter 5
loans, savings, leasing,
amortization.
ICNV: Interest conversions.
Chapter 6
CFLO: Lists of cash flows for
internal rate of return and
net present value.
Chapter 7
BOND: Yields and prices
for bonds.
Chapter 8
DEPRC: Depreciation using
SL, DB, and SOYD methods,
or ACRS.
Percent of total, percent
change, markup on cost,
markup on price.
Lists of numbers, running
total, mean, weighted
statistics, forecasting,
summation statistics, and
more.
Clock, calendar,
appointments, date
arithmetic.
Creates customized menus
from your own equations for
calculations you do often.
Converting any currency to
its equivalent in another
currency
Chapter 9
Chapter 3
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 4
1: Getting Started
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
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Choosing Menus and Reading Menu Maps
Below is a menu map illustrating one possible path through three levels
of menus: from the MAIN menu to the BUS menu to the MU%C (markup
as a percent of cost) menu. There are no menus that branch from the
MU%C menu because the MU%C menu is a final destination―you
use it to do calculations, rather than to choose another menu.
MAIN menu
FIN
BUS
SUM
TIME
SOLVE
MU%C
MU%P
EXIT
M%C
EXIT
CURRX
BUS menu
%CHG %TOTL
MU%C menu
COST
PRICE
MAIN
! Press # to choose the BUS menu. Then press ( to choose
the MU%C menu.
! Press e to return to the previous menu. Pressing e enough
times returns you to the MAIN menu.
! Press @A to return to the MAIN menu directly.
When a menu has more than six labels, the label ) appears at the
far right. Use it to switch between sets of menu labels on the same
“level”.
Example: Using Menus. Refer to the menu map for MU%C (above)
along with this example. The example calculates the percent markup on
cost of a crate of oranges that a grocer buys for $4.10 and sells for
$4.60.
Step 1.
Decide which menu you want to use. The MU%C (markup as
a percent of cost) menu is our destination. If it’s not obvious
to you which menu you need, look up the topic in the subject
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25
index and examine the menu maps in appendix C.
Displaying the MU%C menu:
Step 2.
To display the MAIN menu, press @A. This step lets you
start from a known location on the menu map.
Step 3.
Press # to display the BUS menu.
Step 4.
Press ( to display the MU%C menu.
Using the MU%C menu:
Step 5.
Key in the cost and press ) to store 4.10 as the COST.
Step 6.
Key in the price and press * to store 4.60 as the
PRICE.
Step 7.
Press + to calculate the markup as a percent of cost.
The answer: 012345678#$&$(.
Step 8.
To leave the MU%C menu, press e twice (once to get
back to the BUS menu, and again to get to the MAIN menu)
or @A (to go directly to the MAIN menu).
26
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Calculations Using Menus
Using menus to do calculations is easy. You don’t have to remember in
what order to enter numbers and in what order results come back.
Instead, the menus guide you, as in the previous example. All the keys
you need are together in the top row. The menu keys both store numbers
for the calculations and start the calculations.
The MU%C menu can calculate M%C, the percent markup on cost,
given COST and PRICE.
Keys:
Display:
Keys:
Display:
4.60
4.10
Store 4.60
Store 4.10
COST
Keys:
Display:
PRICE
M%C
Calculate 12.20
Calculator
Memory
Then the same menu can calculate PRICE given COST and M%C.
Keys:
Display:
20
Keys:
Display:
4.10
Store 20.00
Store 4.10
COST
Keys:
Display:
PRICE
M%C
Calculator
Memory
Calculate 4.92
Notice that the two calculations use the same three variables; each
variable can be used both to store and calculate values. These are
called built-in variables, because they are permanently built into the
calculator.
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27
Many menus in this calculator work like the example above. The rules
for using variables are:
! To store a value, key in the number and press the menu key.∗†
Arithmetic calculations, as well as single values, can be stored.
! To calculate a value, press the menu key without first keying in a
number. The calculator displays 7197491:;<=> when a value is
being calculated.
! To verify a stored value, press R (recall) followed by the menu
key. For example, R ) displays the value stored in COST.
! To transfer a value to another menu, do nothing if it is displayed
(that is, it is in the calculator line). A number in the calculator line
remains there when you switch menus. To transfer more than one
value from a menu, use storage registers. See page 45, “Storing and
Recalling Numbers.”
Exiting Menus (e)
The e key is used to leave the current menu and go back to the
previously displayed menu (as shown in the previous example). This is
true for menus you might pick by accident, too: e gets you out.
Clearing Values in Menus
The @c key is a powerful feature to clear all the data in the
currently displayed menu, giving you a clean slate for new calculations.
! If the current menu has variables (that is, if the display shows menu
labels for variables, such as COST, PRICE, and M%C in the MU%C
menu), pressing @c clears the values of those variables to
zero.
* If you have just switched menus and want to store the result already in the
calculator line, then you should press s before the menu key
† To store the same number into two different variables, use s for the second
variable, e.g. 25 * s )
28
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! If the current menu has a list (SUM, CFLO, or Solver), pressing
@c clears the values in the list.
To see what value is currently stored in a variable, press R menu
label.
Solving Your Own Equations (SOLVE)
This chapter has introduced some of the built-in menus the calculator
offers. But if the solution to a problem is not built into HP 17bII+, you
can turn to the most versatile feature of all: the Equation Solver. Here
you define your own solution in terms of an equation. The Solver then
creates a menu to go with your equation, which you can use over and
over again, just like the other menus in the calculator.
The Solver is covered in chapter 12, but here is an introductory example.
Because equations usually use letters of the alphabet, this section also
explains how to type and edit letters and other characters that aren’t on
the keyboard.
Example:Using the Solver. Suppose you frequently buy carpet and
must calculate how much it will cost. The price is quoted to you per
square yard. Regardless of how you do the calculation (even if you do it
longhand), you are using an equation.
Price per
square yard
Length (feet)
Width (feet)
P/YD × L × W
= COST
9
Converts square feet to square yards
To type this equation into the Solver, use the ALPHA menu.
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29
Typing Words and Characters: the ALPHAbetic Menu
The ALPHAbetic menu is automatically displayed when you need it to
type letters and characters. The ALPHA menu also includes characters
not found on the keyboard:
! Uppercase letters.
! Space.
! Punctuation and special characters.
! Non-English letters.
ABCDE
FGHI
F
G
H
: <
>
#
&
I
JKLM
NOPQ
space OTHER
$
,
! @
.
R
S
RSTUV
T
U
WXYZ
V OTHER
Alpha
menu
Letters,
space
OTHER
characters
/
*
To type a letter you need to press two keys; for example, 1 is produced
by the keystrokes , - .
Each letter menu has an . key for accessing punctuation and
non-English characters. The letter menus with just four letters (for
example, FGHI) include a space character ( ! ).
To familiarize yourself with the ALPHA menu, type in the equation for the
cost of carpeting. The necessary keystrokes are shown below. (Note the
access to the special character, “/”.) Use <, if necessary, to make
corrections. If you need to do further editing, refer to the next section,
“Editing ALPHAbetic Text.” When you’re satisfied that the equation is
correct, press I to enter the equation into memory.
30
1: Getting Started
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Keys
Characters
@A
"
&/
"
01
5"
2.34
5?"
25,6
5?@A"
*78*
2 9 /9=
5?@AB9B"
5?@AB9BCD,8"
,:0;
5?@AB9BCD,87E"
<=<>
5?@AB9BCD,87EF:"
I
5?@AB9BCD,87EF:"
Note that the ? is just a character, part of the variable’s name. It is not
an operator, which ÷ is.
Editing ALPHAbetic Text
The companion to the ALPHA menu is the ALPHA-Edit menu. To display
the ALPHA-Edit menu, press * in the SOLVE menu (or press e
in the ALPHA menu).
DEL
ABCDE
FGHI
JKLM
NOPQ RSTUV
ALPHA
EXIT
WXYZ
EXIT
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31
Table 1-4. Alphabetic Editing
Operation
Label or Key to Press
ALPHA-Edit Menu
Inserts character before the cursor.
Any character.
Deletes character at the cursor.
?!
Moves the cursor far left, one
display-width.
@
Moves the cursor left.
A
Moves the cursor right.
B
Moves the cursor far right, one
display-width.
C
Displays the ALPHA menu again.
D
Keyboard
Backspaces and erases the character
before the cursor.
<
Clears the calculator line.
C
Calculating the Answer (CALC)
After an equation is input, pressing E verifies it and creates a new,
customized menu to go with the equation.
Menu labels for your variables
Each of the variables you typed into the equation now appears as a
menu label. You can store and calculate values in this menu the same
way you do in other menus.
32
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Calculate the cost of carpet needed to cover a 9’ by 12’ room. The
carpet costs $22.50 per square yard.
Starting from the MAIN menu (press @A):
Keys:
Display:
Description:
&
5?@AB9BCD,87EF:"
Displays the SOLVE menu
and the current
equation.*
"
E
Displays the customized
menu for carpeting.
22.5
"
5?@A
5?@A8$$&.("
Stores the price per
square yard in P/YD.
12 8
98#$&(("
Stores the length in L.
99
C8,&(("
Stores the width in W.
)
7EF:8$-(&(("
Calculates the cost to
cover a 9’ x 12’ room.
Now determine the most expensive carpet you can buy if the maximum
amount you can pay is $300. Notice that all you need to do is enter the
one value you are changing―there is no need to re-enter the other
values.
300 )
"
5?@A"
7EF:8%((&(("
Stores $300 in COST.
5?@A8$.&(("
Calculates the maximum
price per square yard you
can pay.
ee
"
Exits Solver.
* If you entered this equation but don’t see it now, press [ or ] until you do.
1: Getting Started
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33
Controlling the Display Format
The DSP menu (press D) gives you options for formatting numbers.
You can pick the number of decimal places to be displayed, and
whether to use a comma or a period to “punctuate” your numbers.
Decimal Places
To change the number of displayed decimal places, first press the D
key. Then either:
! Press + , type the number of decimal places you want (from 0 to
11), and press I; or
! Press , to see a number as precisely as possible at any time
(12 digits maximum).
Internal Precision
Changing the number of displayed decimal places affects what you see,
but does not affect the internal representation of numbers. The number
inside the calculator always has 12 digits.
You see only these
2...
digits in
...but these digits are
also present internally.
Temporarily SHOWing ALL
To temporarily see a number with full precision, press @S.This
shows you the ALL format for as long as you hold down S.
34
1: Getting Started
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Rounding a Number
The @r function rounds the number in the calculator line to the
number of displayed decimal places. Subsequent calculations use the
rounded value.
Starting with two displayed decimal places:
Keys:
Display:
Description:
5.787
.&-*-!"
D+
4I
D,
"
Four decimal places are
.&-*-("
displayed.
.&-*-"
All significant digits;
trailing zeros dropped.
D+
2I
@S
"
Two decimal places are
.&-,"
displayed.
G499 52H7;F;E< ;FI"Temporarily shows full
.&-*-"
(hold)
@r
@S (hold)
precision.
"
Rounds the number to two
.&-,"
decimal places.
Exchanging Periods and Commas in Numbers
To exchange the periods and commas used for the decimal point and
digit separators in a number:
1. Press D to access the DSP (display) menu.
2. Specify the decimal point by pressing F or G.
F sets a period as the decimal point and comma as
separator (U.S. mode). (For example, 1,000,000.00.)
G sets a comma as the decimal point and period as
separator (non-U.S. mode). (For example, 1.000.000,00.)
Pressing
the digit
Pressing
the digit
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35
Error Messages
Sometimes the calculator cannot do what you “ask”, such as when you
press the wrong key or forget a number for a calculation. To help you
correct the situation, the calculator beeps and displays a message.
! Press C or < to clear the error message.
! Press any other key to clear the message and perform that key’s
function.
For more explanations, refer to the list of error messages just before the
subject index.
Modes
Beeper. Beeping occurs when a wrong key is pressed, when an error
occurs, and during alarms for appointments. You can suppress and
reactivate the beeper in the MODES menu as follows:
1. Press @>.
2. Pressing - will simultaneously change and display the current setting for the beeper:
!
JHH5H2 E< beeps for errors and appointments.
!
JHH5H2 E . to specify whether or not the printer ac
adapter is in use. Then press e.
Double Space. Press @> / to turn double-spaced printing
on or off. Then press e.
Algebraic. Press @> 0 to select algebraic entry logic.
RPN. Press @> 1 to select Reverse Polish Notation entry
logic.
36
1: Getting Started
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Language. Press @> ! to change the language.
Calculator Memory (@M)
The calculator stores many different types of information in its memory.
Each piece of information requires a certain amount of storage space.*
You can monitor the amount of available memory by pressing @M.
Number of bytes of
memory still free
Percentage of total
memory still free
The amount of memory available for storing information and working
problems is about 30,740 bytes. (Units of memory space are called
bytes.) The calculator gives you complete flexibility in how you use that
available memory (such as for lists of numbers or equations). Use as
much of the memory as you want for any task you want.
If you use nearly all of the calculator’s memory, you’ll encounter the
message ; "
Canada
(Dollars)
Greece,
Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg,
Netherlands,
Portugal,
Vatican City
(EURO)
United Kingdom
(Pounds)
@#
A #B #C #
?#
Switzerland
(Francs)
Israeli
(New
Shekel)
Denmark
(Kroner)
Norway
(Kroner)
Sweden
(Kronor)
D#
E #F #G #
R!
Russia
(Rouble)
South Africa
(Band)
Saudi Arabia
(Riyals)
Argentina
Vanuatu
(Bolivar)
Brazil
Peru
H#
I#
J #K #L #
Bolivia Chile,
Colombia,
Mexico,
Philippines,
Uruguay
(Pesos)
Hong Kong
Taiwan
(Dollars)
(New Dollars)
"
M # 1N"
Japan
(Yen)
Australia
(Dollars)
South Korea
(Won)
China
(Yuan
Renminbi)
#
N#
O#P#
Malaysia
(Ringgits)
New Zealand
(Dollars)
Indonesia
(Rupiahs)
Q#
R#
S #T #U
V
Singapore
(Dollars)
Thailand
(Baht)
India
(Rupee)
Pakistani
(Rupees)
Miscellaneous*
* Use for currencies not shown in table
56
4: Currency Exchange Calculation
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Entering a Rate
The following two examples illustrate the two ways to enter an exchange
rate.
Example: Calculating an Exchange Rate. You have just flown from
Canada to United States, and you need to exchange your Canadian
Dollars for U.S Dollars. The conversion chart looks this :
United States Conversion Chart (in US$)
Currency
Euro (EUR€)
Canadian (CAN$)
Hong Kong (HK$)
Rate
1.0842
.6584
.1282
The chart states these equivalencies: *
1 EUR€
is equivalent to 1.0842
US$
1 CAN$
is equivalent to 0.6584
US$
1 HK$
is equivalent to 0.1282
US$
Part 1: Select the currencies, and calculate an exchange rate form them.
Keys:
Display:
Description:
'!
H<:H2 1 21:H"
Display the CURRX menu
:="
FH9H7: 7422H<7@ $" Select CAN$ as currency
#1
;
H<:H2 1 21:H"
Select US$ as currency #2
1=
71 : = space *
But only the first three to five characters (depending on letter widths) of
the name are used for a menu label. Avoid names with the same first
characters, since their menu labels will look alike.
Viewing the Name of the Current List. Press o, then e.
Starting or GETting Another List
When you press r, the cash-flow list that appears is the same as
the last one used.
To start a new list or switch to a different one, the current list must be
named or cleared. If it is named, then:
1. Press p.The GET menu contains a menu label for each named
list plus s.
2. Press the key for the desired list. ( s brings up a new, empty
list.)
Clearing a Cash-Flow List and Its Name
To clear a list’s numbers and name:
1. Display the list you want to clear, then press @c W. This
removes the numbers.
2. If the list is named, you’ll see 19FE 79H12 9;F: <10HU
Press W to remove the name. Press X to retain the name
with an empty list.
* CFLO does accept these exceptional characters in list names, but the Solver
functions SIZEC, FLOW, and #T do not.
7: Cash Flow Calculations
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99
To remove just one value at a time from a list, use n.
Cash-Flow Calculations: IRR, NPV, NUS, NFV
Once you have entered a list of cash flows, you can calculate the
following values in the CALC menu.
! Sum (TOTAL).
! Internal rate of return (IRR%). This is a periodic rate of return. To
calculate an annual nominal rate when the period is not a year,
multiply the IRR% by the number of periods per year.
If you want the IRR% as an effective annual rate, then use the FIN
ICNV menu to convert from the nominal annual rate to the effective
annual rate.
! Net present value (NPV), net uniform series (NUS), and net future
value (NFV) for a specified, periodic interest rate, I%.
100 7: Cash Flow Calculations
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Table 7-2. The CALC Menu for CFLO Lists
Menu Label
O
Description
Calculates the sum of the cash flows.
Calculates the internal rate of return―the interest
t* !
(discount) rate at which the net present value of the
cash flows equals zero.
u!
Stores the periodic interest rate, expressed as a
percentage (sometimes called cost of capital,
discount rate, or required rate of return).
Given I%, calculates the net present value―the
v!
present value of a series of cash flows.
Given I%, calculates the net uniform series―the
w!
dollar amount of constant, equal cash flows having
a present value equivalent to the net present value.
Given I%, calculates the net future value of a series
x!
of cash flows by finding the future value of the net
present value.
* The calculations for internal rate of return are complex and may take a
relatively long time. To interrupt the calculation, press any key. In certain
cases, the calculator displays a message indicating that the calculation
cannot continue without further information from you, or that there is no
solution. Refer to appendix B for additional information about calculating
IRR%.
About the Internal Rate of Return (IRR%). A “conventional investment”
is considered attractive if IRR% exceeds the cost of capital. A
conventional investment meets two criteria―(1) the sequence of cash
flows changes sign only once, and (2) the sum (TOTAL) of the cash flows
is positive.
Remember that the calculator determines a periodic IRR%. If the cash
flows occur monthly, then IRR% is a monthly value, too. Multiply it by 12
for an annual value.
7: Cash Flow Calculations 101
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Example: Calculating IRR and NPV of an Investment. An investor
makes an initial investment of $80,000, and expects returns over the
next five years as illustrated below.
115,000
5,500
5,000
1
4,500
2
4,000
3
4
5
$ _ 80,000
(Initial flow)
Calculate the total of the cash flows and the internal rate of return of the
investment. In addition, calculate the net present value and net future
value, assuming an annual interest rate of 10.5%.
Start the problem with an empty cash-flow list. Since the cash flows are
ungrouped, each one occurs just once. Turn off the #TIMES prompt to
make cash-flow entry faster.
Keys:
Display:
Description:
"
"
Displays current cash-flow
list and CFLO menu keys.
r
@c
"
Clears current list or gets a
W
"
new one. The empty list
or
"
prompts for its initial cash
ps
G9ECL(T8U"
flow.
q
P:;0HF 52E05:;<=I" Briefly shows the status of
EGG"
q then returns to the
list. With prompting off,
all cash flows are
102 7: Cash Flow Calculations
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assumed to occur just
once.
80000 &
G9ECL#T8U"
Prompts for next cash
I
/*(K(((&(("
flow. Calculator line
shows last number
entered.
5000 I
G9ECL$T8U"
Stores $5,000 for
FLOW(1), prompts for
next flow.
G9ECL%T8U"
Stores FLOW(2).
G9ECL+T8U"
Stores FLOW(3).
4000 I
G9ECL.T8U"
115000 I G9ECL'T8U"
Stores FLOW(4).
4500 I
5500 I
Stores final cash flow and
shows end of list.
eE
"
Calculates sum of the cash
O
:E:198.+K(((&(("
flows.
t
;2268##&,%"
Calculates internal rate of
return.
10.5 u
;68#(&.("
Stores periodic interest
rate.
v
<5O8+K--+&'%"
Calculates NPV.
x
: = space *
But only the first three to five characters (depending on letter widths) of
the name are used for a menu label. Avoid names with the same first
characters, since their menu labels will look alike.
Viewing the Name of the Current List. Press o, then e.
* SUM does accept these exceptional characters in list names, but the Solver
functions SIZES and ITEM do not.
126 10: Running Total and Statistics
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Starting or GETting Another List
When you press $, the SUM list that appears is the last one used.
To start a new list or switch to a different one, the current list must be
named or cleared. If it is named, then:
1. Press p. The GET menu contains a menu label for each named
list plus s.
2. Press the key for the desired list. ( s brings up a new, empty list.)
Clearing a SUM List and Its Name
To clear a list’s numbers and name:
1. Display the list you want to clear, then press @c W. This
removes the numbers.
2. If the list is named, you’ll see 19FE 79H12 9;F: <10HU Press
W to remove the name. Press X to retain the name with an
empty list.
To remove just one value at a time from a list, use n.
Doing Statistical Calculations (CALC)
Once you have entered a list of numbers, you can calculate the
following values.
! For one variable: the total, mean, median, standard deviation, range,
minimum, and maximum. You can also sort the numbers in order of
increasing value.
! For two variables: x-estimates and y-estimates (this is also called
forecasting), the correlation coefficient for different types of curves
(this is curve-fitting), the slope and y-intercept of the line, and
summation statistics. You can also find the weighted mean and the
grouped standard deviation.
10: Running Total and Statistics 127
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Calculations with One Variable
The CALC menu calculates the following statistical values using one
SUM list.
Table 10-2. The CALC Menu for SUM Lists
Menu Key
Description
Calculates the sum of the numbers in the list.
O!
Calculates the arithmetic mean (average).
•!
Calculates the median.
‘!
Calculates the standard deviation.*
’!
Calculates the difference between the largest and
“!
smallest number.
)
Finds the smallest (minimum) number in the list.
”!
Finds the largest (maximum) number in the list.
•!
–
Sorts the list in ascending order.
—
Displays a series of menus for calculations with two
variables for curve fitting, estimation, weighted mean
and grouped standard deviation, and summation
statistics.
* The calculator finds the sample standard deviation. The formula assumes
that the list of numbers is a sampling of a larger, complete set of data. If the
list is, in fact, the entire set of data, the true population standard deviation
can be computed by calculating the mean of the original list, placing that
value into the list, and then calculating the standard deviation.
Example: Mean, Median, and Standard Deviation. Suppose your
shop had the following phone bills during the past six months:
128 10: Running Total and Statistics
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Month
Phone
Expense
Phone
Expense
1. May
$340
4. August
$780
2. June
$175
5.September
$245
3. July
$450
6. October
$625
Month
Calculate the mean, median, and standard deviation of the monthly
phone bills. Then display the smallest value in the list.
Keys:
Display:
Description:
$
Displays current SUM list
and SUM menu keys.
@c
"
Clears current list or gets a
W
"
new one.
or
"
ps
;:H0L#T8U"
340 I
;:H0L$T8U"
Stores May’s phone bill;
:E:198%+(&(("
shows total.
;:H0L%T8U"
Stores June; updates total.
175 I
:E:198.#.&(("
450 I
780 I
"
Stores phone bills for
"
July-October and keeps a
245 I
625 I
"
running total.
;:H0L-T8U"
:E:198$K'#.&(("
eE
$K'#.&(("
Displays CALC menu.
•
0H1<8+%.&*%"
Calculates mean.
‘
0HA;1<8%,.&(("
Calculates median.
’#
F:AHO8$%#&.."
Calculates standard
10: Running Total and Statistics 129
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deviation.
)
"
Displays rest of CALC
menu.
”
0;<8#-.&(("
Finds smallest number.
Calculations with Two Variables (FRCST)
The FRCST menu does the following two-variable calculations using two
SUM lists:
! Fits x- and y-data to a linear, logarithmic, exponential, or power
curve.
! Forecasts estimated values based on that curve.
! Finds the weighted mean and grouped standard deviation.
! Shows you the summation statistics (Σx, Σx2, Σy, Σy2, Σxy, etc.).
130 10: Running Total and Statistics
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CALC
TOTAL
MEAN MEDN STDEV
MIN
MAX
SORT
RANGE MORE
FRCST
MORE
(select x and y)
LIN
x-list
y-list
CORR
MODL
W.MN
G.SD
LOG
EXP
X
M
B
MORE
SIZE
MORE
XY
MORE
PWR
Y
X2
Y2
After pressing —, you must specify two previously created lists―
one for the x-variable and one for the y-variable. The two lists must have
the same number of items.
10: Running Total and Statistics 131
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Table 10-3. FRCST Menu Labels
Menu Label
Description
list name for x-variable
list name for y-variable
These specify the two lists of data to be
compared. Also used for estimations:store
x and estimate y, or vice-versa. ˜ is
the menu label for an unnamed current list.
™*
Calculates the correlation coefficient, a
number between －1 and ＋1 that
measures how closely the x,y data points
match the calculated curve.
š*
Calculates M. For the linear model, this is
the slope.
›*
Calculates B. For the linear model, this is
the y-intercept.
)
œ
Displays a choice of the four curve-fitting
models:
•, H, I, and ž.
Ÿ!
Calculates the weighted mean of the
x-values using the weights in the y-list.
!
¡!
Calculates the standard deviation of a set
of x-values grouped by frequencies
specified in the y-list.
The number of items in either list.
)
¢!
£!
¤!
¥!
¦!
Sum of items in x-list.
Sum of items in y-list.
Sum of squares of items in x-list.
Sum of squares of items in y-list.
Sum of products of items in x- and y-lists.
* For the non-linear models, the calculation uses the transformed data values.
132 10: Running Total and Statistics
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Curve Fitting and Forecasting
Curve fitting is a statistical method for finding a relationship between
two variables, x and y. Based on this relationship, you can estimate new
values of y based on a given x-value, and vice-versa. Each SUM list
holds the numbers (data values) for one variable. You can select one of
four curve-fitting models:*
Linear Curve Fit
Exponential Curve Fit
y
y
Mx
x
x
Logarithmic Curve Fit
Power Curve Fit
y
y
M
x
x
* The exponential, logarithmic, and power models are calculated using
transformations that allow the data to be fitted by standard linear regression.
The equations for these transformations appear in appendix B. The
logarithmic model requires positive x-values; the exponential model requires
positive y-values; and the power curve requires positive x- and y-values.
10: Running Total and Statistics 133
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To do curve fitting and forecasting :
1. Enter the data into two SUM lists: one for the x-values and one for the
y-values. Make sure each list has the same number of items so that the
items are in matched pairs.
2. From the SUM menu, press E ) — to display a menu
of SUM-list names. The current list is labeled ˜ unless named
otherwise.
3. Press a menu key to select a list of x-values (independent variable).
4. Select a list of y-values (dependent variable).
5. Now you see the FRCST menu. Whichever curve-fitting model was
used last is named in the display. If you want to select a different
model, press ) œ, and then the menu key for the model.
6. To calculate the curve-fitting results, press, ™, š and
›.
7. To forecast (estimate) a value:
a.
Key in the known value and press the menu key for that variable.
b.
Press the menu key for the variable whose value you want to
forecast.
Example: Curve Fitting. BJ’s Dahlia Garden advertises on a local radio
station. For the past six weeks, the manager has kept records of the
number of minutes of advertising that were purchased, and the sales for
that week.
134 10: Running Total and Statistics
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Number of Minutes
of Radio
Advertising
(x-values,
MINUTES)
Dollar Sales
(y-values,
SALES)
Week 1
2
$1,400
Week 2
1
$ 920
Week 3
3
$1,100
Week 4
5
$2,265
Week 5
5
$2,890
Week 6
4
$2,200
BJ’s wants to determine whether there is a linear relationship between
the amount of radio advertising and the weekly sales. If a strong
relationship exists, BJ’s wants to use the relationship to forecast sales. A
graph of the data looks like this:
y
(forecasted)
3,000
2,000
SALES in Dollars
M
8
5.
42
＝
8
1,000
B
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
x
of Advertising
10: Running Total and Statistics 135
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Keys:
Display:
Description:
$
"
Displays current SUM list
and SUM menu keys.
@c
"
W
;:H0L#T8U"
2I
1I
"
Stores minutes of
"
advertising (x-values) into
3I
5I
"
a SUM list.
5I
4I
"
Clears current list.
"
;:H0L-T8U"
:E:198$(&(("
eo
:@5H"1"<10HIV;<54:W"
MINUTES
"
Names this list. (See page
I
;:H0L-T8U"
30 to use the ALPHA
menu.)
Now enter and name the second list.
ps
;:H0L#T8U"
Gets a new, empty list.
1400 I
920 I
"
Stores weekly sales
"
(y-values) into a second
1100 I
2265 I
"
SUM list.
2890 I
2200 I
"
"
;:H0L-T8U"
:E:198#(K--.&(("
eo
SALES I
:@5H"1"<10HIV;<54:W"
;:H0L-T8U"
Names y-list.
E)
—
"
Identifies the lists for
FH9H7: X O12;1J9H"
curve-fitting.
136 10: Running Total and Statistics
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"
0;<4"
"
F19HF"
FH9H7: @ O12;1J9H"
Selects MINUTES as x-list,
9;A)L16)J6)76T"
for the display.
"
"
D#((BE9A"
I
Enters equation into list.
"
*# "
CC#
>A)L16)J6)76T"
Controls view of full
equation.
D#((BE9A"
e
Displays SOLVE menu.
"
Calculating with the Solver. Suppose last month’s forecast for a
product was 2,000 units. In the meantime, three market changes have
occurred that affect this forecast. A) The price of the product has
dropped, causing an expected 20% increase in sales. B) A major
sales-force training program started, causing an expected 5% increase
in sales. C) A competitor is introducing a new product, causing an
expected 15% drop in sales. Calculate the new forecast for next month.
Menu Label:
Display:
Description:
E
OH2;G@;<=
Verifies that equation is
HY41:;E<"
valid; creates Solver menu
with menu labels for this
equation.
2000 M
E9A8$K(((&(("
Stores old forecast.
20
168$(&(("
Stores effect of price drop
"
16"
on sales.
5
"
J6"
J68.&(("
Stores effect of sales-force
training on sales.
12: The Equation Solver 155
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15 &
"
76"
768/#.&(("
Stores effect of
competitor’s new product
on sales.
b
"
12: The Equation Solver 157
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
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while the Solver checks that the equation is mathematically valid.
(However, the Solver has no way of checking whether the equation is
the right one for your problem.) If the equation cannot be solved, the
calculator briefly displays:
;/AHJ:B6;<:/:1XT"
DHY:@"
I
2EH8L1FFH:B6H2<"
Stores the equation.
/AHJ:B>"
"
E
Verifies the equation and
displays the menu labels
for ROE, ASSET, %ERN,
DEBT, %INT, and (press
)) TAX and EQTY.
"
2000 1FFH:"
"
10 6H2<"
1FFH:8$K(((&(("
Stores the values for the
6H2<8#(&(("
assets, the percentage
1500
AHJ:8#K.((&(("
earnings on assets, the
6;<:8*&(("
amount of debt, the
"
percentage interest paid
:1X8(&(("
on the debt, the taxes
HY:@8.((&(("
paid, and the common
8
"
AHJ:"
"
6;<:"
)0
"
:1X"
500
"
HY:@"
equity.
)#
"
2EH"
#
"
The return on equity is
2EH8#'&(("
16%.
160 12: The Equation Solver
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Editing an Equation (EDIT)
If you have an ; "
when it is stored. Press * C C to view successive
portions of the equation:
> MB MH ;= M: D# $B 4< ;: BL #) > "
Spaces. You can use as many spaces as you like between variables,
operators, and numbers.
Names of Variables. A variable’s name can be up to 10 characters
long, but cannot contain the characters ＋ － x ÷ ^ ( ) ＜ ＞ ＝ ： space
The first three to five characters (depending on their widths) become the
variable’s menu label. Therefore, make sure no two variables in the
same equation have the same first three to five characters.
Do not use AND, NOT, OR, XOR, or PI as variable names because they
will be interpreted as functions.
Numbers (Constants). Do not put commas or other characters in
numbers. For instance, type # ( (( ( for ten thousand (not N #( K( (( ).
166 12: The Equation Solver
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Parentheses. Do not use brackets or braces. Parentheses determine
order, but do not imply multiplication. For example, the equation Psn ＝
Ps (1－F) would be typed into the Solver as 5 F< 85 FB L# /G T . The ×
sign must be inserted between 5 F and the parenthesis.
Functions and Conditional Expressions. An equation can contain any
of the functions and conditional expressions given in the table on pages
168-171. Some of these functions also have typing aids.
Math Operators (“Typing Aids”). All of the math operators are located
either on the keyboard (/, @t, etc.) or in the MATH menu ( 3,
I, etc.). Any of these operators except % can be included in an
equation. (In the Solver, 6 is just a character.) You can call up the
MATH menu from the Solver.
Many of these operators look different in an equation: pressing @v
produces FY2:L , for example. You then supply a number or variable
followed by a closing parenthesis. The list of Solver functions on pages
168-171 shows the spelling of each function. Note that you supply the
number after supplying the function.
You can also type these functions letter by letter using the ALPHA menu.
However, it is faster to select math operators directly on the keyboard or
in the MATH menu. This is called a typing aid.
For instance, these two methods of placing 25! (factorial) into an
equation are equivalent. Starting after & /:
1. Using the ALPHA Menu
Keys:
Display:
°!
"
±
G"
,
"
-
G1"
Description:
12: The Equation Solver 167
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
Print data : 2003/7/11
,
"
:
G17"
<
"
>
G17:"
( 25 )=
G17:L$.T8"
,
-
"
This calculates 25!
G17:L$.T81"
(factorial).
2. Using a Typing Aid
Keys:
Display:
Description:
@m
"
MATH menu labels
appear.
4#
G17:L"
The ALPHA menu
automatically returns after
one MATH selection.
25 )=
G17:L$.T8"
,
-
"
This also calculates 25!,
G17:L$.T81"
and with fewer
keystrokes.
Solver Functions
Here is a complete list of functions that you can include in Solver
equations. The items inside parentheses must be replaced by specific
numbers, variables, or algebraic expressions.
In addition, you can use the arithmetic operators (＋, －, x, ÷ , yx), but
not %. (In the Solver, 6 is just a character, not an operator.)
168 12: The Equation Solver
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Table 12-2. Solver Functions for Equations
Function
ABS(x)
ALOG(x)
CDATE
CTIME
DATE(d1:n)
DDAYS(d1:d2:cal)
EXP(x)
EXPM1(x)
FACT(x)
FLOW(CFLO-listname:flow#)
FP(x)
Description
Absolute value of x.
Common (base 10) antilogarithm;
10x.
Current date.
Current time.
The date n days after (when n is
positive) or before (when n is
negative) date d1. The format for d1
is set in the TIME/SET menu.
Number of days between dates d1
and d2. Formats for d1 and d2 are
set in the TIME menu; cal designates
the calendar:
! cal ＝ 1 for the actual calendar,
which recognizes leap years.
! cal ＝ 2 for the 365-day
calendar, which ignores leap
years.
! cal ＝ 3 for the 360-day
calendar, which uses 12, 30-day
months.
Natural antilogarithm; ex.
ex－1.
x!; factorial of a positive integer.
Value of the specified cash flow.
Fractional part of x.
12: The Equation Solver 169
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Table 12-2. Solver Functions for Equations (Continued)
Function
HMS(time)
HRS(time)
IDIV(x:y)
IF(cond:expr1:expr2)
INT(x)
INV(x)
IP(x)
ITEM(SUM-listname:item#)
LN(x)
LNP1(x)
LOG(x)
MAX(x:y)
MIN(x:y)
MOD(x:y)
PI
RND(x:y)
S(variable name)
SGN(x)
Description
Converts time in decimal hours to
HH.MMSS format.
Converts time in HH.MMSS format to
decimal hours.
Integer part of the quotient of x/y.
Conditional expression: if cond is true,
use expr1; if cond is false, use expr2.
See page 174.
Greatest integer less than or equal to x.
Inverse of x; 1/x.
Integer part of x.
Value of the specified SUM-list item.
Natural (base e) log of x.
In (1 + x)
Common (base 10) log of x.
Compares x and y, and returns the
larger of the two.
Compares x and y, and returns the
smaller of the two.
Remainder of the division x/y.
MOD(x,y) = x－y x INT(x/y)
π ; 3.14159265359 (12 digits).
Rounds x to y decimal places if 0 ≤ y ≤
11, or rounds x to y significant digits if
－12 ≤ y ≤－1. y must be an integer.
Used in an IF function to test if solving
for the variable named. Used to
combine related equations into one
Solver menu. See page 178.
Sign of x (＋1 if x > 0, 0 if x＝0, －1 if
x < 0.
170 12: The Equation Solver
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Table 12-2. Solver Functions for Equations (Continued)
Function
Σ(cfr:c1:c2:s:expr)
SIZEC(CFLO-listname)
SIZES(SUM-listname)
SPFV(i%:n)
SPPV(i%:n)
SQ(x)
SQRT(x)
#T(CFLO-listname:flow#)
TRN(x:y)
USFV(i%:n)
USPV(i%:n)
Description
Summation of the algebraic expression
expr for values of the counter ctr,
stepping from c1 to c2 at increments of s.
See page 176.
The number of the last flow in specified
CFLO list.
The number of items in specified SUM
list.
Future value of a single $1.00 payment;
equivalent to (1 + i% ÷ 100)n. n is the
number of compounding periods. i% is
the interest rate per compounding
period, expressed as a percentage.
Present value of a single $1.00
payment; equivalent to 1 ÷ SPFV(i%:n).
n is the number of compounding
periods. i% is the interest rate per
compounding period, expressed as a
percentage.
Square of x ; x2.
Square root of x ; X .
The number of times that specified cash
flow occurs.
Truncates x to y decimal places if 0 ≤ y
≤11, or truncates x to y significant digits
if －12 ≤ y ≤－1. y must be an integer.
Future value of a uniform series of
$1.00 payments; equivalent to
(SPFV(i%:n)－1) ÷ (i% ÷100). n is
number of payments. i% is periodic
interest rate, expressed as a
percentage.
Present value of a uniform series of
$1.00 payments; equivalent to
USFV(i%:n) ÷ SPFV(i%:n). n is number of
payments. i% is periodic interest rate,
expressed as a percentage.
12: The Equation Solver 171
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Example Using a Solver Function (USPV): Calculations for a Loan
with an Odd First Period. Suppose an auto purchase is financed with a
$6,000 loan at 13.5% annual interest. There are 36 monthly payments
starting in one month and five days. What is the payment amount?
Use the following formula when the time until the first payment is more
than one month but less than two months. Interest for this odd
(non-integer) period is calculated by multiplying the monthly interest by
the number of days and dividing by 30.
The formula for this loan is:
−N
ANNI
1 − 1 +
ANNI
DAYS
1200
×
PV 1 +
+ PMT
ANNI
1200
30
1200
= 0
where:
ANNI＝ the annual percentage interest rate.
N＝ the number of payment periods.
DAYS＝ the number of leftover, odd days (an integer from 0 through
30).
PV＝ the amount of the loan.
PMT＝ the monthly payment.
The formula can be rearranged and simplified using USPV, the Solver
function for returning the present value of a uniform series of payments:
5 OB L# )1 << ;D #$ (( BA 1@ FD %( T) "
5 0: B4 F5 OL 1< <; D# $I .
2. Press . to change and display the new mode. If necessary,
press . again to set the desired mode:
!
5 2; <: H2 I 1 7 1A 15 :H 2
!
5 2; <: H2 I < E 17 1 A15 :H 2
3. Press e.
For long printing operations, printing will be faster using the printer’s ac
adapter and the calculator’s appropriate printing speed mode. When
the printer is powered by batteries alone, be sure to change the mode to
5 2; <: H2 I < E 1 7 1 A15 :H 2 so that the calculator will not transmit
data too rapidly.
Double — Space Printing
Press @> / to turn double-space printing on or off. Then
press e.
Printing the Display(P)
To print whatever is in the calculator line, press P. This prints
numbers, expressions, single Solver equations, and messages. Menus
cannot be printed.
13: Printing 185
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Printing Other Information (@p)
PRINTER
LIST
STK
REGS
TIME
MSG
TRACE
The PRINTER menu provides the ability to print most of the information
you’ve stored, including the contents of variables, lists, appointments,
the history stack, registers, and the current date and time. You can also
transmit descriptive notes to label the output. (To print amortization
schedules, see “Printing an Amortization Table,” page 81.)
From within any menu you can press @p to bring up the PRINTER
menu. This table summarizes those printing activities.
Table 13-1. The PRINTER Menu Labels
Menu Label
Description
Prints data stored or calculated in the current menu.
k#
See “Printing Variables and Lists,” below.
l
m
Y
a
n
Prints the contents of the history stack.
Prints the contents of registers 0 through 9.
Prints the current date and time.
Displays the ALPHA menu for typing a message up to
22 characters long. See page 188.
Switches between Trace On and Trace Off modes.
See “Trace Printing,” page 188.
Upon completion, all of these functions except n return the
previous menu to the display.
Printing Variables, Lists, and Appointments (LIST)
You can list specific sets of information stored in menus by pressing
@p k while the relevant menu labels are displayed.
186 13: Printing
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Printing the Values Stored in Variables. You can print a listing giving
the values of all variables whose menu labels are displayed.*
For example, if the calculator is in the FIN TVM menu, it displays the
labels T U V W X ..
Pressing @p k now produces a print-out like this:
<8"
%'(&(("
;6@28"
#$&.("
5O8"
'.K(((&(("
50:8"
/',%&(("
GO8"
*&(("
5?@28"
#$&(("
H"
equation, then its menu.
@;H9A8,&(+"
Calculates yield.
"
@;H9A"
Statistics
Moving Average
Moving averages are often useful in predicting trends in data taken over
a period of time. In moving-average calculations, a specified number of
points is averaged. Each time a new point is acquired, the oldest point
is discarded. Thus, the same number of points is used in each
calculation.
14: Additional Examples 217
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A Solver Equation for Moving Averages:
01O=8^L;I01XL#I91F:/<)#TI91F:I#I;:H0LnameI;TTD"
0;).
once or twice (until you see the
7M;$"
"
The following example assumes that you have entered the CHI equation
into the Solver, using OBS for name1. For instructions on entering Solver
equations, see “Solving Your Own Equations,” on page 30.
Example: Expected Throws of a Die. To determine whether a suspect
die is biased, you toss it 120 times and observe the following results.
(The expected frequency is the same for each number, 120 ÷ 6, or 20.)
220 14: Additional Examples
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
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Number
Frequency Observed
1
25
2
17
3
15
4
23
5
24
6
16
Keystroke:
Display:
Description:
$!
"
Displays SUM menu and
current list.
@cW "
or
"
ps
;:H0L#T8U"
25 I
17 I
"
15 I
23 I
"
24 I
16 I
"
Clears current list or gets a
new one.
Enters observed values.
"
"
;:H0L-T8U"
:E:198#$(&(("
eo
OBS I
e&
(use [ and ]
"
Names the list OBS.
;:H0L-T8U"
"
Displays the CHI
equation. Make sure
if necessary )
name1 is OBS.
E
"
Displays menu.
20 I
HX58$(&(("
Stores expected value.
7M;8.&(("
Calculates χ2.
"
7M;"
"
The number of degrees of freedom is (n－1)＝5. Consult statistical tables
to find χ2 to a significance level of 0.05 with 5 degrees of freedom. The
table shows that χ 02.05 ,5 ＝11.07. Since the computed value (5.00) is less
than 11.07, you can conclude that, to a 0.05 significance level (95%
probability), the die is fair.
14: Additional Examples 221
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A
Assistance, Batteries,
Memory, and Service
Obtaining Help in Operating the Calculator
Hewlett-Packard is committed to supporting users of HP calculators. You
can obtain answers to your questions about using the calculator from
our Calculator Support department.
We suggest reading “Answers to Common questions,” below, before
contacting us. Past experience has shown that many of our customers
have similar questions.
Answers to Common Questions
Q: I’m not sure if the calculator is malfunctioning or if I’m doing
something incorrectly. How can I determine if the calculator is operating
properly?
A: Refer to page 232, which describes the diagnostic self-test.
Q: My arithmetic keys don’t work like I expect. I press 12 + 3 = and
get 3.00.
A: You may be in the wrong mode. Press @> 0 to set
Algebraic mode.
Q: My numbers contain commas as decimal points. How do I restore
the periods?
A: Press D F.
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Q: How do I change the number of decimal places the calculator
displays?
A: The procedure is described in “Decimal Places” on page 34.
Q: How do I clear all or portions of memory?
A: C clears the calculator line. @c clears the data lists or
variables accessible from the current menu. Erasing the entire contents
of memory is covered in “Erasing Continuous Memory” on page 230.
Q: Why am I getting the wrong answer using the TVM menu?
A: Be sure to enter a value for all five TVM variables, even if a value is
zero (as FV is for a loan without a balloon). Clearing the variables
before starting (@c ) accomplishes the same thing. Check the
appropriate payment mode (mortgages and loans are typically End
mode calculations), and specify the number of payments per year
( Y ). Also check that all figures for money paid out are negative
(the cash-flow sign convention).
Q: Can I access the TVM menu functions from the Solver?
A: No, but you can do the same functions by copying the appropriate
financial formulas into the Solver. The formulas are given starting on
page 168.
Q: Can I access the data stored in my CFLO and SUM lists from the
Solver?
A: Yes. See “Accessing CFLO and SUM Lists from the Solver,” page
177.
Q: How do I indicate multiplication in an equation typed into the
Solver?
A: Use the multiplication key (*). You cannot use the letter · in
the ALPHA menu.
Q: What does an “E” in a number (for example, 2.51E－13) mean?
A: Exponent of ten (for example, 2.51 x 10-13). Refer to “Scientific
Notation” on page 47.
Q: The calculator has displayed the message
; -. See also
page 36.
Q: The messages and the menu labels in the display are not in English.
How do I restore the English?
A: Models of the HP 17bII+ sold in many countries outside of the United
States include a menu to select the language for messages and labels.
To select the English language, press @> ! $ .
Power and Batteries
The calculator is power by two 3-volt lithium coin batteries.
When changing batteries, use only fresh button-cell batteries. Both
batteries must be changed at the same time.
Do not use rechargeable batteries.
Low-Power Indications
When the low-battery annunciator (
) comes on, the calculator
can continue normal operation for several hours. If the calculator is
turned off. Continuous Memory will be preserved for approximately two
weeks. To conserve battery power, printing does not function when the
battery annunciator is on. Printing might halt during a printing operation
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due to a borderline low-battery condition. The calculator can detect that
there is insufficient power for printing before the battery annunciator
comes on.
If you continue to use the calculator after the battery annunciator comes
on, power can eventually drop to a level at which the calculator stops
powering the display and keyboard. The calculator will require fresh
batteries before it can be turned back on. When you turn the calculator
on after fresh batteries have been installed, the calculator displays
017M; 1.
The calculator responds by displaying 25< 0EAH. This mode remains
until you change it. The display shows the X register from the stack.
To select ALG mode: Press @> 0. The calculator displays
19=HJ21;7 0EAH.
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Where the RPN Functions Are
Function
Name
Definition
Key to Use
ENTER
Enters and separates one
number from the next.
=
LASTX
Recalls last number in
X-register.
@L
R↓
Rolls down stack contents.
~ (same as ()
R↑
Rolls up stack contents.
[ (except in lists)
X<>Y
X-register exchanges with
Y-register.
x (same as ))
CHS
Changes sign.
&
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Using INPUT for ENTER and ▼ for R↓. Except in CFLO and SUM lists,
the I key also performs the E function and the ] key also
performs the ~ function.
! In lists: I stores numbers. Use = to enter numbers into the
stack during arithmetic calculations.
! In lists: [ and ] move through lists. Use ~ to roll through stack
contents.
Doing Calculations in RPN
Arithmetic Topics Affected by RPN Mode
This discussion of arithmetic using RPN replaces those parts of chapter 2
that are affected by RPN mode. These operations are affected by RPN
mode:
! Two-number arithmetic (+, *, -, /, u).
! The percent function (%).
! The LAST X function (@L). See appendix E.
RPN mode does not affect the MATH menu, recalling and storing
numbers, arithmetic done inside registers, scientific notation, numeric
precision, or the range of numbers available on the calculator, all of
which are covered in chapter 2.
Simple Arithmetic
Here are some examples of simple arithmetic. Notice that
! E separates numbers that you key in.
! The operator (+, -, etc.) completes the calculation.
! One-number functions (such as v) work the same in ALG and RPN
modes.
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To select RPN mode, press @>1.
To Calculate:
Press:
Display:
12 + 3
12 E 3 +
12 E 3 -
#.&(("
12 E 3 *
12 E 3 /
12 @w
%'&(("
12 @v
12 @t
%&+'"
12 – 3
12 x 3
12 ÷ 3
12
2
12
1/12
,&(("
+&(("
#++&(("
(&(*"
You do not need to use E before an operator, only between
keyed-in numbers. Key in both numbers (separated by E) before
pressing the operator key.
The Power Function (Exponentiation). The power function uses the
@u keys.
To Calculate:
Press:
123
12 E 3 @u
#K-$*&(("
12 E 3 @t @u $&$,"
12
1/3
(cube root)
Display:
The Percent Function. The % key calculates percentages without using
the * key. Combined with + or -, it adds or subtracts percentages.
To Calculate:
Press:
Display:
27% of 200
.+&(("
200 less 27%
200 E 27 %
200 E 27 %-
#+'&(("
12% greater than 25
25 E 12 %+
$*&(("
Compare these keystrokes in RPN and ALG modes:
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27% of 200
200 less 27%
RPN Mode
ALG Mode
200 E 27 %
200 E 27 %-
200 * 27 %=
200 - 27 %=
Calculations with STO and RCL
The store (s) and recall (R) operations work identically in ALG
and RPN modes (see “Storing and Recalling Numbers” and “Doing
Arithmetic Inside Registers and Variables” in chapter 2). The keystrokes
are the same for simple storing and recalling and for doing arithmetic
inside registers and variables.
When doing arithmetic in the display with values from storage registers
and variables, remember to use RPN. Compare these keystrokes in RPN
and ALG modes:
RPN Mode
ALG Mode
2 &E 3 *s
5
2 &* 3 =s 5
Find PV－2
"]R
V2-
"]R
V-2=
Find PV less 2%
"]R
V 2 %-
"]R
V-2%=
Find PMT x N
"]R
WRT
"]R
W *R
T=
Store－2 x 3 in
register 5
*
Chain Calculations－No Parentheses!
The speed and simplicity of calculating using RPN are apparent during
chain calculations－longer calculations with more than one operation.
The RPN memory stack (refer to appendix E) stores intermediate results
until you need them, then inserts them into the calculation.
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The cube root example and the percentage addition example (previous
topics) are two simple examples of chain calculations.
For another example, calculate
7 x (12 + 3)
Start the calculation inside the parentheses by finding 12 + 3. Notice
that you don’t need to press E to save this intermediate result (15)
before proceeding. Since it is a calculated result, it is saved
automatically－without using parentheses.
Keys:
Display:
Description:
12 E 3 +
7*
#.&(("
Intermediate result.
#(.&(("
Pressing the function key
produces the answer.
Now study these examples. Note the automatic storage and retrieval of
intermediate results.
To Calculate:
Press:
Display:
(750 x 12) ÷ 360
750 E 12 * 360 /
360 E 750 E 12 */
$.&(("
360 ÷ (750 x 12)
(&(+"
or
"
x (68 ÷ 1.9)
750 E 12 * 360 x/
456 E 75 - 18.5 / 68
E 1.9 /*
(3＋4) x (5＋6)
3E4+5E6+*
--&(("
{(456－75) ÷ 18.5}
-%-&(-"
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E
RPN: The Stack
This appendix explains how calculations take place in the automatic
memory stack and how this method minimizes keystrokes in complicated
calculations.
What the Stack Is
Automatic storage of intermediate results is the reason that RPN mode
easily processes complicated calculations－without using parentheses.
The key to automatic storage is the automatic RPN memory stack.
The memory stack consists of up to four storage locations, called
registers, which are “stacked” on top of each other. It is a work area for
calculations. These registers － labeled X, Y, Z, and T － store and
manipulate four current numbers. The “oldest” number is the one in the
T-(top) register.
T
0.00
Z
0.00
Y
0.00
X
0.00
“Oldest” number
Displayed (most “recent” number)
The most “recent” number is in the X-register: This is the number you see
in the display.
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Reviewing the Stack (Roll Down)
The ~ (roll down) function (on the ( key) lets you review the entire
contents of the stack by “rolling” the contents downward, one register at
a time. While in RPN mode you don’t need to press the shift key for ~.
The ] key has the same effect as ~. except in a CFLO or SUM list,
when ] affects the list and not the stack. Likewise, the [ key rolls the
contents of the stack upward, except in lists.
Rolling a Full Stack. Suppose the stack is filled with 1, 2, 3, 4 (press 1
E 2 E 3 E 4). Pressing ~ four times rolls the numbers all
the way around and back to where they started:
T
1
4
3
2
1
Z
2
1
4
3
2
Y
3
2
1
4
3
X
4
~
3
~
2
~
1
~
4
When you press ~, the value in the X-register rotates around into the
T-register. Notice that the contents of the registers are rolled, while the
registers themselves maintain their positions. The calculator displays
only the X-register.
Variable Stack Size. Clearing the stack by pressing @c reduces
the stack to one register (X) with a zero in it. As you enter numbers, the
stack builds up again. The ~ and [ functions roll through as many
registers as currently exist (one, two, three, or four).
Exchanging the X- and Y-Registers in the Stack
Another function that manipulates the stack contents is x(x exchange
y), located on the ) key. It swaps the contents of the X- and Y-registers
without affecting the rest of the stack. Pressing x again restores the
original order of the contents. While in RPN mode you don’t need to
press the shift key for x.
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The x function is used primarily to swap the order of numbers in a
calculation. For example, an easy way to calculate 9 ÷ (13x8) is to
press 13 E 8 * 9 x/.
Arithmetic－How the Stack Does It
The contents of the stack move up and down automatically as new
numbers enter the X-register (lifting the stack), and as operators combine
two numbers to produce one new number in the X-register (dropping the
stack). See how a full stack drops, lifts, and drops its contents while
calculating
3＋4－9：
a (lost)
T
a
a
a
a
Z
b
a
b
a
3
b
7
b
Y
X
3
E
4
4
+
7
Drop
9
9
-
Lift
－2
Drop
(a and b represent values already on the stack.)
! Notice that when the stack drops, it replicates the contents of the
T-register and overwrites the X-register.
! When the stack lifts, it pushes the top contents out of the T-register,
and that number is lost. This shows that the stack’s memory is limited
to four numbers for calculations.
! Because of the automatic movement of the stack, you do not need to
clear the display before doing a new calculation.
! Most functions (except E and C) prepare the stack to lift its
contents when the next number enters the X-register.
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How ENTER Works
You know that E separates two numbers keyed in one after the
other. In terms of the stack, how does it do this? Suppose the stack is
filled with a, b, c, and d. Now enter and add two new numbers:
5＋6：
a (lost)
b (lost)
T
a
b
c
c
c
Z
b
c
d
d
c
Y
c
d
5
5
d
X
d
5
5
E
Lift
5
Lift
6
6
+
No lift
11
Drop
E replicates the contents of the X-register into the Y-register. The
next number you key in (or recall) writes over (instead of lifting) the copy
of the first number left in the X-register. The effect is simply to separate
two sequentially entered numbers.
Using a Number Twice in a Row. You can use the replicating feature of
E to other advantages. To add a number to itself, key in the number
and press E+.
Filling the Stack with a Constant. The replicating effect of E,
together with the replicating effect (from T into Z) of stack drop, allows
you to fill the stack with a numeric constant for calculations.
Example: Constant, Cumulative Growth. The annual sales of a small
hardware company are projected to double each year for the next 3
years. If the current sales are $84,000, what are the annual sales for
each of the next 3 years?
1.
2.
Fill the stack with the growth rate (2 EEE).
Key in the current sales in thousands (84).
E: RPN: The Stack 271
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3.
Calculate future sales by pressing * for each of the next 3 years.
2
2
2
2 2
E 2
2
E
E 2 84 84
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
* 168 * 336 * 672
Sales for the next 3 years are projected to be $168,000; $336,000;
and $672,000.
Clearing Numbers
Clearing One Number. Clearing the X-register puts a zero in it. The
next number you key in (or recall) writes over this zero.
There are two ways to clear the number in the X-register:
! Press <.
! Press C.
For example, if you wanted to enter 1 and 3 but mistakenly entered 1
and 2, these keystrokes would correct it:
1
1
1
E
1
1
2
2
1
<
0
1
3
3
Clearing the Entire Stack. Pressing @c clears the X-register to
zero and eliminates the Y-, Z-, and T-registers (reducing the size of the
stack to one register). The stack expands again when you enter more
numbers.
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T
a
Z
b
Y
c
X
d
@c
0.00
Because of the automatic movement of the stack, it is not necessary to
clear the stack before starting a calculation. Note that if an application
menu is currently displayed, pressing @c also clears the
application’s variables.
The LAST X Register
Retrieving Numbers from LAST X
The LAST X register is a companion to the stack: It stores the number that
had been in the X-register just before the last numeric operation (such as
a * operation). Pressing @L returns this value to the X-register.
This ability to recall the “last x” value has two main uses:
! Correcting errors: retrieving a number that was in the X-register just
before an incorrect calculation.
! Reusing a number in a calculation.
Reusing Numbers
You can use @L to reuse a number (such as a constant) in a
calculation. Remember to enter the constant second, just before
executing the arithmetic operation, so that the constant is the last
number in the X-register, and therefore can be saved and retrieved with
@L.
Example: Calculate
96.74 + 52.39
52.39
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Keys:
Display:
Description:
96.74 E
52.39 +
,'&-+"
#+,&#%"
Intermediate result.
@L
.$&%,"
Retrieves the number
before the + operation,
saved in LAST X.
/
$&*."
Final result.
Chain Calculations
The automatic lifting and dropping of the stack’s contents let you retain
intermediate results without storing or reentering them, and without
using parentheses. This is an advantage the RPN stack has over
algebraic calculator logic. Other features of RPN include the following:
! You never work with more than two numbers at a time.
! E separates two numbers keyed in sequentially.
! Pressing an operator key executes that operation immediately.
! Intermediate results appear as they are calculated, so you can check
each step as you go.
! Intermediate results are automatically stored. They reappear
automatically as they are needed for the calculation－the last result
stored is the first to come back out.
! You can calculate in the same order as you would with pencil and
paper－that is, from the innermost parentheses outward:
4 ÷ [14＋(7x3)－2]＝0.12
can be solved as 7 E 3 * 14 + 2 - 4 x/
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Exercises
Here are some extra problems that you can do to practice using RPN.
Calculate: (14 + 12) x (18 – 12) ÷ (9 – 7)＝78.00
A Solution: 14 E 12 + 18 E 12 -* 9 E 7 -/
Calculate: 232 – (13 x 9) + 1/7＝412.14
A Solution: 23 @w 13 E 9 *- 7 @t +
Calculate:
A
Solution:
(5.4 × 0.8) ÷ (12.5- 0.73 ) = 0.60
5.4
E .8 * .7 E 3 @u 12.5
x-/@v
or
5.4 E .8 * 12.5 E .7 E 3 @u-/@v
Calculate:
8.33 × (4 - 5.2) ÷ [ (8.33- 7.46) × 0.32]
= 4.57
4.3 × (3.15- 2.75) - (1.71× 2.01)
A Solution: 4 E 5.2 - 8.33 *@L 7.46 - .32 */
3.15 E 2.75 - 4.3 * 1.71 E 2.01 *-/@v
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F
RPN: Selected Examples
The following examples selected from chapter 14 (“Additional
Examples”) have been converted to RPN keystrokes. These examples
illustrate how to convert algebraic to RPN keystrokes in less common
situations: with %, with R, and in a CFLO list.
Example: Simple Interest at an Annual Rate. Your good friend needs a
loan to start her latest enterprise and has requested that you lend her
$450 for 60 days. You lend her the money at 7% simple annual interest,
to be calculated on a 365-day basis. How much interest will she owe
you in 60 days, and what is the total amount owed?
Keys:
Display:
Description:
450 E 7 %
60 * 365 /
%#&.("
Annual interest.
.&#*"
Actual interest for 60
days.
450 +
+..&#*"
Adds principal to get
total debt.
Example: APR for a Loan with Fees. A borrower is charged two points
for the issuance of a mortgage. (One point is equal to 1% of the
mortgage amount.) If the mortgage amount is $60,000 for 30 years
and the interest rate is 11½% annually with monthly payments, what
APR is the borrower paying?
1. Since the payment amount is not given, calculate it (PMT) first. Use the
given mortgage amount (PV = $60,000) and interest rate (I%YR =
11½%).
2. To find the APR (the new I%YR), use the PMT calculated in step 1 and
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adjust the mortgage amount to reflect the points paid (PV = $60,000
－2%). All other values remain the same (term is 30 years; no future
value).
Keys:
Display:
Description:
"]
.
"
If necessary, sets 12
"
payments per year and
@c
e
"
End mode.
#$ 5?@2 H, 185
beeper, 36
double-space printing, 36,
185
menu map, 260
printer ac adapter, 36
Modified IRR, 209–12, 253
Month/day/year format,
143–44
Mortgage, 68, 69. See also
Loan
calculations, 67–71, 77–80
discounted or premium, 191
Moving average, 217–19
MU%C, 50
equation, 247
MU%P, 50
equation, 247
Multiple equations, linking, 178
Multiplication
Messages for appointments,
300 Index
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in arithmetic, 21, 38–40
in equations, 165
N
O, 56
b, 78
S, 63
o
in CFLO list, 98–99
in SUM list, 126
v, 101
w, 101
x, 101
/, 157
@, 56
B, 56
J, 56
4, 42
j, 85–86
@ S, 63
N, non-integer, 63, 72
Names
of equations, 161
of lists, clearing, 99
of variables, 166
Negative numbers
in arithmetic calculations, 22
in cash-flow calculations,
92–94
in TVM calculations, 64
Neighbors in Solver, 243
Nested IF function, in the Solver,
175
Net future value, 91, 101
Net present value, 91, 101
Net uniform series, 91, 101
NFV
calculating, 91, 101
equation, 249
Noise Declaration, 237
Nominal interest rate, 84–87,
100
Non-integer period, 172
NOT, 174
Notes, discounted, 216–17
NPV
calculating, 100–101
equation, 100, 248
Number
lists. See CFLO list; SUM list;
Solver list
of days between dates,
149–51
of decimal points, 47
of payments, in TVM, 62
range, 48
Numbers. See also Value
entering, RPN, 264, 271
with exponents, 47
Numerical solutions, 179–81
NUS, 100, 249
O
M, 50
@o, 17
Index 301
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O, 17
Odd-period calculations,
172–73, 195, 253
Operators, in equations,
164–67
in RPN, 266, 268, 274
Option to buy, for a lease,
74–75
OR, 174
Order of calculation, in the
Solver, 165
OTHER menu, 146–47
Overdue appointments. See
Past- due appointment
Overview, 3
P
H, 56, 63
`, 78
W, 63
Y, 62
^, 78, 82, 85
*, 52, 109
P, 51
ž, 121, 132
T, 56
5, 42
(, 18
@p, 186
P, 186
Parentheses
in arithmetic calculations,
39–40
in equations, 165, 167
in RPN, 266, 268, 274
Partial period. See also Odd
period
payments, 62
Past dates, calculating, 151
Past due appointments
acknowledging, 148
definition, 146
Payment mode, 62
changing, 62
definition, 65–66
resetting, 62
Payment periods, 62
compounding, 61–64
in cash flow calculations, 93
vs. compounding periods,
87–90, 200
Payments
amortization, 77–81
lease, 74–77
number per year, in TVM, 63
TVM, 62
Percent, 40
change, 49–51
key for simple interest, 40,
61
of cost, 49, 52
of total, 49, 51
Percentage calculations, 49–53
in RPN, 265
Periodic compounding,
calculating interest rates for,
302 Index
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Periodic rate of return, 100
Principal of loan, amount of
PMT applied toward,
80–81
Periods, 35. See also Payment
periods in numbers
in numbers, 35
Printer
power for, 185
using, 184
85–86
Periodic interest rate, 101
PI, 42, 170
PMT. See also Payments
in TVM, 63
rounded amortization
calculations, 78
Positive numbers
in cash flow calculations,
92–94
in TVM, 64
Power. See also Low power;
Batteries
function, 41, 265
raising a number to, 41
Power curve, 130, 132, 133
Power on and of, 17
Precision of numbers, internal,
34
Present value
definition, 63
of a lease, 74–77
of a series of payments, 171,
246
of a single payment, 171,
246
PRINTER menu, 186, 260
Printer port, 184
Printing
amortization table, 81–83
appointments, 188
display, 185
double space, 36, 185
equations, 187
history stack, 186
interrupting, 189
messages, 188
number lists, 187
slow, 184
Solver list, 187
speed, 185
statistical values, 186
time and date, 186
variables, 187
with tracings, 188
Prompting for #TIMES, 96
Purchase date, bond, 109
Purchase price, in mortgage
calculation, 68–69
PV, rounded in amortization
calculations, 78
Previous menu, displaying, 28
PRICE, as a shared variable, 53
Q
Price, markup on, 49, 52
Questions, common, 222–24
Index 303
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R
“, 128
b, 145
7, 55
K, 56
P, 56
1, 36
m, 186
R, 56
@r, 35
~, 43, 263
115, 116
Renaming lists. See CFLO list;
SUM list; the Solver list
Repeating appointments
past-due, 148
setting, 147
Replacing batteries, 225–26
Required rate of return, 101
Resetting the calculator, 228
Reusing
a number, RPN, 271, 273
calculator memory, 37, 230
Reverse Polish Notation, 261
R, 45–46, 98
in RPN calculations, 266
with variables, 28
Rounding a PMT, 71
R↑, 263
Rounding numbers, 35
Radix (decimal point), 34
RPN. See appendixes D, E, and
F, or individual entries
Range
calculating, 128
of numbers, 48
Rate of return, periodic, 100
Recalling numbers, 45–46
from variables, 28
in RPN, 264, 266
with @L, 44
Reciprocal key, 41
Register storage, 45–46
Registers
arithmetic in, 46
in RPN, 268–73
printing the contents of, 186
Relational operators, 174
RND, 170
Running total, 123–24
S
•, 115
{, 109
‡, 115
Ž, 115
’, 128
–, 128
©, 142
:, 55
?, 56
Remaining depreciable value,
304 Index
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
Print data : 2003/7/11
C, 56
Q, 56
l, 186
¡, 132
@S, 34
s, 45–46
calculations with, RPN, 266
in equations, 162
in ICNV, 86
Shift, 19
Sign of numbers
in cash-flow calculations, 92
in TVM calculations, 64
S (function), 170
Simple interest, 40
with annual rate, 190
with annual rate, RPN, 276
Sample standard deviation,
128
Slope, in curve-fitting, 132,
134
Saving numbers, 43
Small numbers, keying in and
displaying, 47
Savings account, 71–72
college, 202–6
college, RPN, 278
regular, 200–202
retirement, 208
retirement, RPN, 282
tax free, 206–9
tax free, RPN, 280
Savings calculations, 71–73
Scientific notation, 47
Self-test, 232–33
Service, 235–36
SET menu, 143
Setting a language, 18, 37
Setting an appointments,
146–47
Settings, default start-up, 230
Settlement date, 109
SGN, 170
Shared variables
in BUS, 53
Smallest number
available, 47
in a list, 128
SOLVE menu, 260
Solver, 153–83. See also
Equations
Solver calculations, 155,
158–59
creating custom menus,
153–54
how it works, 179–83
multiple solutions in, 179
technical discussion of,
240–46
using, 153–68
Solver estimates, seeing curren,
240–46
Solver functions, 168–71
Solver list
clearing, 162–64
current equation, 156
Index 305
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
Print data : 2003/7/11
definition, 153
deleting equations, 157,
162–64
deleting variables from,
162–64
editing an equation, 157
empty, 156
entering equations, 157–58
printing, 187
Solver menu, 156–57
for multiple equations, 178
Solver solutions, types of,
243–46
Solver variables. See Variables,
Solver
lifting, 270
losing contents off the top,
270
replicating contents in, 269,
270
rolling contents, 270, 271
size, 269
Standard deviation, 128–30
calculating, 128–30
grouped, 138–39
Starting value, in summation
function, 176
Statistical calculations, 127–40
Statistical equations, 250–52
Sorting numbers, 128
Statistical variables, 128,
130–34
Spaces in equations, 166
Statistics, x and y, 130–34
Specifying the number of
decimal places, 34
Step size, in summation function,
176
SPFV, 171, 246
Storage registers, 45–46
arithmetic in, RPN, 46
printing the contents of, 186
SPPV, 171, 246
SQ, 171
SQRT, 171
Square root
calculating, 41, 265
Solver, 171
Storing numbers, 44, 45–46
in built-in variables, 28
in RPN, 264, 266
Subtraction, 21, 38–40
Square, Solver, 171
SUM equations, 251
Squaring a number, 41, 265
Stack. See History stack
SUM items, maximum number
of, 121
Stack, RPN, 268–73
automatic movement of, 270,
274
clearing, 269, 273
dropping, 270
SUM list
CALC menu, 128
clearing, 127
clearing numbers, 124
copying a number from, 126
306 Index
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
Print data : 2003/7/11
correcting, 124
creating, 123–24
definition, 121–22
deleting numbers, 125
editing, 122, 124–25
entering numbers in, 123–24
FRCST menu, 132
GETting a new list, 127
inserting numbers, 124
largest number in, 128
name, deleting, 127
naming, 126
printing, 187
smallest number in, 128
sorting, 121, 128
starting a new list, 127
viewing numbers, 124
viewing the name of the
current list, 126
145
in PRINTER menu, 186
in SET menu, 143
c, 78
O, 51
of a SUM list, 122, 128
z, 109
¯, 150
n, 186
O, sum of cash flows, 101
Text, printing (MSG), 186
SUM menu, 122–23, 258
Time
accuracy, 231
and date, printing, 186
changing, 143–44
format, 144, 145–46
of day, viewing, 141
setting, 143–44
Sum of cash flows, 101
TIME menus, 141–42
Summation, 132, 139, 171,
176–77
function, in the Solver,
176–78, 220
of lists, 177
values, 132, 139
Time value of money
calculations, 61–83
equations, 247
Switching menus, 25–26
Top of the equation list, in the
Solver, 162
Total, percent of, 51
Trace-printing, 188
TRN, 171
T
Troubleshooting, 222–24
#T, 171
#TIMES, prompting, 96–97
%TOTL, 49, 51
%
True population standard
deviation, 128
Truncating function, in Solver,
171
in appointment-setting menu,
Index 307
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
Print data : 2003/7/11
Turning calculator on and off,
17
TVM
calculations, 61–83
equation, 247
instructions, 66–67
menu, 61–64, 66
variables, clearing, 64
Typing aids, 167
Typing alphabetic characters,
30
U
;, 56
>, 56
Unacknowledged appointments,
148
Unit conversions, in the Solver,
178
Unknown variables in Solver,
240, 241
Variable,
dependent, 134
independent, 134
Variables
statistical, 130–34
Variables,
built-in, 27
printing, 187
statistical, 128
Variables, Solver, 154
clearing, 163
deleting, 163
names of, 166
shared, 162
Variables,shared, 53
Verifying equations, 157–58
Viewing lists. See CFLO list;
SUM list; Solver list
W
Up-arrow key, 43
Ÿ, 132
L, 56
USFV, 171, 246
Warranty, 233–35
USPV, 171, 246
Weighted mean, 132, 138–39
V
X
Values
clearing, 28–29. See also
@c
recalling, 28, 45–46
storing, 28, 45–46
transferring between menus,
28
v, 41
x, 43
in RPN, 269
XOR, 174
x-values, in forecasting,
133–34
308 Index
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
Print data : 2003/7/11
to maturity, bond, 108
Y
•, 109
‹, 115
M, 56
y-intercept, in curve-fitting, 132,
134
y-values, in forecasting,
133–34
u, 41, 265
Yield
of lease, 74–75
to call, bonds, 108
Z
Zero-coupon bond, 113
Index 309
File name : 17BII-Plus-Manual-E-PRINT-030709
Print data : 2003/7/11
This regulation applies only to The Netherlands
Batteries are delivered with this
product, when empty do not throw
them away but collect as small
chemical waste.
Bij dit produkt zijn batterijen
geleverd. Wanneer deze leeg zijn,
moet u ze niet weggooien maar
inleveren als KCA.
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