Huawei Technologies BTS3601C-800 CDMA Base Station User Manual 3

Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd CDMA Base Station Users Manual 3

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Users Manual 3

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User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
System Description
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 System Overview .................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................1-1
1.1.1 Network Solution of cdma2000 1X System ........................................................1-1
1.1.2 Market Orientation of BTS3601C.......................................................................1-3
1.2 System Feature .........................................................................................................1-3
1.3 Technical Index .........................................................................................................1-5
1.3.1 Engineering Index............................................................................................1-5
1.3.2 Protection Index...............................................................................................1-5
1.3.3 Capacity Index.................................................................................................1-6
1.3.4 Performance Index...........................................................................................1-6
1.4 External Interface.......................................................................................................1-7
1.4.1 Um Interface....................................................................................................1-8
1.4.2 Abis Interface ................................................................................................1-11
1.4.3 Other Interface...............................................................................................1-15
1.5 Reliability Design .....................................................................................................1-16
1.5.1 Hardware Reliability Design ............................................................................1-16
1.5.2 Software Reliability Design .............................................................................1-18
Chapter 2 System Architecture.............................................................................................2-1
2.1 Overview...................................................................................................................2-1
2.1.1 Appearance.....................................................................................................2-1
2.1.2 Functional Structure .........................................................................................2-2
2.2 MBPM.......................................................................................................................2-2
2.2.1 Structure and Principle .....................................................................................2-3
2.2.2 External Interface.............................................................................................2-7
2.2.3 Key Index ........................................................................................................2-8
2.3 MTRM.......................................................................................................................2-8
2.3.1 Structure and Principle .....................................................................................2-9
2.3.2 External Interface...........................................................................................2-11
2.3.3 Key Index ......................................................................................................2-12
2.4 MPAM.....................................................................................................................2-12
2.4.1 Structure and Principle ...................................................................................2-12
2.4.2 External Interface...........................................................................................2-13
2.4.3 Key Index ......................................................................................................2-14
2.5 MFEM.....................................................................................................................2-14
2.5.1 Structure and Principle ...................................................................................2-14
2.5.2 External Interface...........................................................................................2-15
2.5.3 Key Index ......................................................................................................2-16
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2.6 MAPM.....................................................................................................................2-16
2.6.1 Structure and Principle ...................................................................................2-16
2.6.2 External Interface...........................................................................................2-16
2.6.3 Key Index ......................................................................................................2-17
2.7 MBKP .....................................................................................................................2-17
2.8 Antenna and Feeder Subsystem...............................................................................2-17
2.8.1 RF Antenna & Feeder ....................................................................................2-18
2.8.2 Dual-Satellite Synchronization Antenna and Feeder .........................................2-20
Chapter 3 System Function ..................................................................................................3-1
3.1 Call Procedure Introduction ........................................................................................3-1
3.1.1 Speech Service Call Procedure.........................................................................3-1
3.1.2 Data Service Call Procedure.............................................................................3-4
3.2 Signaling Processing..................................................................................................3-7
3.3 Baseband Processing ................................................................................................3-9
3.4 Radio Resource Management ..................................................................................3-11
3.4.1 Power Control................................................................................................3-11
3.4.2 Handoff .........................................................................................................3-13
3.4.3 Radio Configuration and Channel Support .......................................................3-13
3.4.4 Diversity Receiving.........................................................................................3-19
3.4.5 Cell Breath ....................................................................................................3-19
3.5 Operation and Maintenance......................................................................................3-19
3.5.1 Loading Management.....................................................................................3-19
3.5.2 Configuration Management.............................................................................3-20
3.5.3 Equipment Management.................................................................................3-24
3.5.4 Status Management .......................................................................................3-26
3.5.5 Tracing Management .....................................................................................3-28
3.5.6 Test Management..........................................................................................3-29
3.6 Lightning Protection .................................................................................................3-30
3.6.1 Lightning Protection for Power Supply .............................................................3-30
3.6.2 Lightning Protection for Trunk Line ..................................................................3-31
3.6.3 Lightning Protection for Antenna and Feeder System .......................................3-31
3.7 Configuration and Networking ...................................................................................3-32
3.7.1 BTS Configuration..........................................................................................3-32
3.7.2 BTS Networking.............................................................................................3-33
Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter ....................................................... A-1
A.1 Performance of Receiver .......................................................................................... A-1
A.1.1 Frequency Coverage ...................................................................................... A-1
A.1.2 Access Probe Acquisition ................................................................................ A-1
A.1.3 R-TCH Demodulation Performance.................................................................. A-1
A.1.4 Receiving Performance................................................................................... A-8
A.1.5 Limitation on Emission .................................................................................... A-9
A.1.6 RSQI ............................................................................................................. A-9
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A.2 Performance of Transmitter ..................................................................................... A-10
A.2.1 Frequency Requirement ................................................................................ A-10
A.2.2 Modulation Requirement ............................................................................... A-10
A.2.3 RF Output Power Requirement...................................................................... A-11
A.2.4 Limitation on Emission .................................................................................. A-11
Appendix B EMC Performance ............................................................................................ B-1
B.1 EMI Performance ..................................................................................................... B-1
B.2 EMS Performance .................................................................................................... B-2
Appendix C Environment Requirement ............................................................................... C-1
C.1 Storage Environment................................................................................................ C-1
C.2 Transportation Environment ...................................................................................... C-2
C.3 Operation Environment............................................................................................. C-4
Appendix D Electromagnetic Radiation ............................................................................... D-1
D.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. D-1
D.2 MPE........................................................................................................................ D-1
D.3 Estimation of Exposure to Electromagnetic Field ........................................................ D-3
D.4 Calculation of Safe Distance ..................................................................................... D-3
D.5 Location of BTS Antenna .......................................................................................... D-4
D.5.1 Exclusion Zone............................................................................................... D-4
D.5.2 Guidelines on Selecting Antenna Location ....................................................... D-4
Appendix E Standard Compliance....................................................................................... E-1
E.1 General Technical Specification ................................................................................ E-1
E.2 Um Interface ............................................................................................................ E-1
E.3 Abis Interface........................................................................................................... E-1
E.4 Lightning Protection .................................................................................................. E-2
E.5 Safety...................................................................................................................... E-3
E.6 EMC ........................................................................................................................ E-3
E.7 Environment............................................................................................................. E-5
Appendix F Abbreviation ..................................................................................................... F-1
F.1 Abbreviation of Modules ............................................................................................ F-1
F.2 Glossary .................................................................................................................. F-1
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Chapter 1 System Overview
Chapter 1 System Overview
1.1 Introduction
The Mobile Communication System has experienced the first generation (analog
system) and the second generation (digital system). As the one of the main
development trends of the second generation, cdma2000 1X mobile communication
system has been widely used for commercial purpose.
This section first introduces the network solution of Huawei cdma2000 1X mobile
communication system, and then introduces the market orientation of Huawei outdoor
type Base Transceiver Station (BTS) BTS3601C.
1.1.1 Network Solution of cdma2000 1X System
The cdma2000 1X mobile communication system comprises the Base Station
Subsystem (BSS) and the Core Network (CN).
The BSS comprises the Base Transceiver Station, Base Station Controller (BSC), and
Packet Control Function (PCF) which is usually integrated with BSC.
The CN comprises the packet domain network and circuit domain network. The
equipment of packet domain interworks with Internet, and that of the circuit domain
interworks with the conventional PLMN and PSTN/ISDN.
The system's operation and maintenance is implemented via Huawei integrated
mobile network management system iManager M2000.
Figure 1-1 shows the network of cdma2000 1X system. This manual aims to
introduce the BTS of the BSS part, therefore this figure details the network structure
of BSS.
1-1
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System Description
Chapter 1 System Overview
Mobile integrated
management system
MS
ODU3601C
BTS3601C
Abi BSC/PCF
ODU3601C
A10/A11 Packet domain
network equipment
Abis
cBTS3612
A3/A7
PLMN
/A
cBTS3612
Abis
MS
Internet
A1
ODU3601C
BTS3601C
A1
0/A
11
MS
A1/A2
cBTS3612
Circuit domain
network equipment
PSTN/ISDN
BSC/PCF
BSS
MS: Mobile Station
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network
BSS: Base Station Subsystem
CN
BSC: Base Station Controller
PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network
PCF: Packet Control Function
CN: Core Network
Figure 1-1 Network structure of Huawei cdma2000 1X mobile communication system
BTS3601C
BTS3601C is an outdoor one-carrier BTS. It transmits/receives radio signals so as to
realize the communication between the radio network system and the Mobile Station
(MS).
cBTS3612
cBTS3612 is an indoor BTS equipment. The maximum capacity of single cabinet
contains 12 sector-carriers. Same with BTS3601C, it also transmits/receives radio
signals to accomplish the communication between the radio network system and the
MS.
ODU3601C
ODU3601C is a single-carrier outdoor BTS. It shares the resource of its upper-level
BTS, including baseband processing unit, main control unit and clock unit. It
implements radio signal transmission and reception together with the upper-level
BTS.
Base Station Controller (BSC)
BSC performs the following functions: BTS control and management, call connection
and disconnection, mobility management, power control, and radio resource
management. It provides stable and reliable radio connections for the upper-level
services through soft/hard handoff.
Packet Control Function (PCF)
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PCF is used for the management of Radio-Packet (R-P) connection. As radio
resources are limited, they should be released when subscribers are not sending or
receiving information, but the Peer-Peer Protocol (PPP) connection must be
maintained. PCF shields the radio mobility against the upper-level services through
the handoff function.
Mobile Station (MS)
MS is mobile subscriber equipment that can originate and receive calls, and can
communicate with BTS.
1.1.2 Market Orientation of BTS3601C
Huawei BTS3601C is fully compatible with IS-95A/B and IS-2000 standards.
BTS3601C is an outdoor BTS, configured with one carrier. It features small size, easy
installation, flexible networking, less investment and fast network construction.
BTS3601C can be used in residential quarters and urban hot spots / blind spots, and
provide small-capacity wide-coverage for remote areas (such as rural area, grassland,
highway, scenic spots).
1.2 System Feature
BTS3601C is a highly integrated product which can satisfy customer's different
demands for capacity, configuration, installation, power supply, transmission and
services. It is a typical "All In One" BTS with the following features:
I. Convenient operation and maintenance
It provides remote centralized maintenance and alarm reporting, real-time status
query, on-line board test and system fault locating, as well as system restart.
A Telnet Server is provided, through which users can log on to BTS3601C in the
standard Telnet mode via the local Ethernet interface for operation and
maintenance.
Its modularized structure reduces the internal connections and improves the
reliability of the system, and thus makes the installation and maintenance easier.
In the case of system interruption due to power supply or transmission causes,
the BTS3601C can restart automatically right after the faults are cleared.
II. Flexible configuration and networking
Its Abis interface supports 1 E1 or 1 Synchronization Transfer Mode 1 (STM-1)
port, which can be configured flexibly.
BTS3601C can be configured into an omni or directional BTS. If equipped with
power splitter, it can be configured in the S(0.5/0.5) mode.
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It supports various configuration modes like S(1/1) and S(1/1/1) through
cascading ODU3601Cs.
For optical transmission, it supports chain and ring networking modes.
Configuration and networking details are available in "3.7 Configuration and
Networking"
Note:
To meet the actual implementation requirements, the external E1 interface of BTS3601C can be
confiured as the T1 interface. Unless otherwise specified, the following description about E1 interface is
also applicable to T1 interface.
III. Support for multi-bands
BTS3601C supports 450MHz and 800MHz bands, therefore, it can be applied in the
450MHz communication system and the 800MHz communication system.
IV. Hierarchical power supply
If the BTS3601C is equipped with a 40AH storage battery, it can keep working
normally for 1 hour after the AC power is broken off, then the power amplification
module will be switched off, and the BTS can maintain transmission for another 8
hours.
V. Easy installation
Featuring small size, light weight and mains supply, BTS3601C does not require an
equipment room or air conditioner. It neither requires a special tower as it can be
easily installed on a metal post, stayed tower or on the wall. All these can reduce the
site construction cost without affecting the network quality.
VI. Excellent protection performance
Equipped with built-in power supply unit, temperature control unit and equipment
monitoring unit, it can be applied in any severe environment.
BTS3601C is dust-proof, anti-burglary, water-proof, damp-proof. With its protection
performance in compliance with the IP55 (IEC 60529: Degrees of protection provided
by enclosure), it operates normally in different whether conditions.
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VII. Pleasing appearance
Huawei BTS3601C has a compact structure and is aesthetically designed, which
makes it an attractive solution for both indoor and outdoor facilities.
1.3 Technical Index
The technical indices include engineering, protection, capacity and performance
indices.
The engineering indices include power supply, power consumption, weight,
dimensions and other indices involved in engineering installation.
The protection indices refer to the capabilities of the main external interfaces against
surge current.
The capacity indices include the carrier capacity and channel capacity.
The performance indices refer to the technical parameters of its transceiver and the
reliability indices of the whole system.
1.3.1 Engineering Index
Power supply
Power consumption
Weight
~220V (150~300V AC)
<350W (In normal temperature, while the heating plate is not working)
<700W (In low temperature, while the heating plate is working)
<45kg
Operation environment
Temperature: -40âC~+55âC
Relative humidity 5%~100%
Cabinet dimensions
(height% width% depth)
700mm %450mm %330mm
1.3.2 Protection Index
E1 interface
Differential mode 5kA, or common mode 10kA surge current
RF feeder interface
Differential mode 8kA, or common mode 8kA surge current
AC power supply interface
(for connecting AC lightning Differential mode 40kA, or common mode 40kA surge current
protection box)
Satellite feeder interface (for
connecting lightning arrestor Differential mode 8kA, or common mode 8kA surge current
for satellite feeder)
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1.3.3 Capacity Index
Number of sector-carriers
Number of channels
Configuration of single-BTS: 1 sector-carrier
Configuration of cascaded ODU3601Cs: 3 sector-carriers
96 reverse channels and 192 forward channels, satisfying the 3
sector-carriers application
1.3.4 Performance Index
I. Transmission
450MHz band
Working frequency
460~470MHz
Channel bandwidth
1.23MHz
Channel precision
25kHz
Frequency tolerance
Transmit power
[!0.05ppm
20W (the maximum value measured at the feeder port of the cabinet)
800MHz band
Frequency coverage
869Ã894MHz
Channel bandwidth
1.23MHz
Channel step length
30kHz
Frequency tolerance
[!0.05ppm
Transmit power
20W (the maximum value measured at the feeder port of the cabinet)
II. Reception
450MHz band
Working frequency
450Ã460MHz
Channel bandwidth
1.23MHz
Channel precision
25kHz
Signal receiving sensitivity
-127dBm (RC3, main and diversity reception)
800MHz band
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Working frequency
824Ã849MHz
Channel bandwidth
1.23MHz
Channel step length
30kHz
Signal receiving sensitivity
-128dBm (RC3, main and diversity reception)
III. System reliability
Mean Time Between Failures
(MTBF)
m100,000 hour
Mean Time To Repair (MTTR)
[1 hour
Availability
m99.999%
Note:
Reliability refers to the product capability of performing specified functions under the specified conditions
and in specified time.
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF): applicable to recoverable systems.
Mean Time To Repair (MTTR): including the time of fault checking, isolation, unit replacement and
recovery.
Availability (A): a comprehensive index to measure the system availability.
1.4 External Interface
The external interfaces of BTS3601C are shown in the Figure 1-2.
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Test
equipment
Satellite
Sync. Interface
Um interface
Clock test
interface
BSC
BTS3601C
OMC
Abis interface
OML interface
MS
LMF interface
LMF
Figure 1-2 External interfaces of BTS3601C
Um interface: Interface with MS.
Abis interface: Interface with BSC.
Operation and Maintenance Link (OML) interface: Interface with the remote OMC.
It shares the transmission resources with Abis interface.
Local Maintenance Function (LMF) interface: Interface with BTS local
maintenance console.
System synchronization interface: Including GPS/GLONASS antenna interface
and system external synchronization interface. When GPS/GLONASS is not
available and there is other clock synchronization equipment, the clock
synchronization signals of the equipment can be output to the external
synchronization interface of BTS3601C system.
BTS test interface: Interface for BTS test, providing such signals as 10MHz and
2s signal.
1.4.1 Um Interface
I. Overview
In Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), MS is connected with the fixed part of the
network through the radio channel. The radio channel allows the subscribers to be
connected with the network and to enjoy telecommunication services.
To implement interconnection between MS and BSS, systematic rules and standards
should be established for signal transmission on radio channels. The standard for
regulating radio channel signal transmission is called radio interface, or Um interface.
Um interface is the most important interface among the many interfaces of CDMA
system. Firstly, standardized radio interface ensures that MSs of different
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manufacturers are fully compatible with different networks. This is one of the
fundamental conditions for realizing the roaming function of CDMA system. Secondly,
radio interface defines the spectrum availability and capacity of CDMA system.
Um interface is defined with the following features:
Channel structure and access capacity.
Communication protocol between MS and BSS.
Maintenance and operation features.
Performance features.
Service features.
II. Um interface protocol model
Um interface protocol stack is in 3 layers, as shown in Figure 1-3.
Figure 1-3 Um interface layered structure
Layer 1 is the physical layer, that is, the bottom layer. It includes various physical
channels, and provides a basic radio channel for the transmission of higher layer
information.
Layer 2 is the data link layer, including Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer and
Link Access Control (LAC) sublayer. The MAC sublayer performs the mapping
between logical channels and physical channels, and provides Radio Link Protocol
(RLP) function. The LAC sublayer performs such functions as authentication,
Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), addressing and packet organization.
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Layer 3 is the top layer. It performs Radio Resource Management (RM), Mobility
Management (MM) and Connection Management (CM) through the air interface.
III. Physical layer
1)
Working band
Band
Forward band
Reverse band
Duplex
spacing
Carrier spacing
Channel width
450MHz
460 - 470MHz
450 - 460MHz
10MHz
1.23 MHz
1.25 MHz
800MHz
869 - 894 MHz
824 - 849 MHz
45MHz
1.23 MHz
1.23 MHz
2)
Physical layer function
Service bearer: the physical channel in the physical layer provides bearer for the
logical channel of the higher layer.
Bit error check: the physical layer provides transmission service with error
protection function, including error checking and error correction.
User identification: the physical layer provides an exclusive ID for every user by
code division.
3)
Radio configuration
The physical layer supports multiple Radio Configurations (RCs). Different RCs
support different traffic channel data rates. For detailed introduction, please refer to
Section 3.4.3 Radio Configuration and Channel Support.
IV. Data link layer
Data link layer at Um interface includes two sublayers, MAC and LAC. The purpose of
introducing MAC and LAC is to:
Support higher level services (signaling, voice, packet data and circuit data).
Support data services of multiple rates.
Support packet data service and circuit data service of higher quality (QoS).
Support multi-media service, that is, processing voices, packet data and circuit
data of different QoS levels at the same time.
1)
MAC sublayer
To support data service and multi-media service, cdma2000 1X provides powerful
MAC layer to ensure the reliability of services. MAC layer provides two important
functions:
Radio Link Protocol (RLP), ensuring reliable transmission on the radio link.
Multiplex function and QoS function, with diversified services and higher service
quality.
2)
LAC sublayer
LAC layer performs such functions as Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ),
authentication and addressing.
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V. Layer 3
The higher layer signaling performs the functions such as radio resource
management, mobility management and call connection management on air
interface.
1)
Radio resource management
The radio resource management functions include:
Radio channel management
It is used to establish, operate and release radio channels, and help to realize soft
handoff, softer handoff and hard handoff.
Power control
Various power control technologies are used on Um interface to reduce the system
interference and improve the system capacity.
2)
Mobility management
It is used to support the mobility features of the mobile subscriber, performing such
functions as registration, authentication and Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
(TMSI) re-allocation.
3)
Connection management
It is used to setup, maintain and terminate calls.
1.4.2 Abis Interface
I. Overview
Abis interface is defined as the interface between BSC and BTS, the two functional
entities in the Base Station Subsystem (BSS). It is the interface defined for BTS
accessing BSC via the terrestrial link.
1)
Structure of Abis interface
Abis interface consists of three parts: Abis traffic, Abis signaling and OML signaling,
as shown in Figure 1-4.
Abis traffic is the interface connecting SDU of BSC and the CEs of BTS. It is used to
bear user traffic.
Abis signaling is the interface connecting SPU of BSC and the MC of BTS, It is used
to control the cell setup, transmission of messages over paging channels and access
channels, and call setup & release.
OML signaling is used to perform operation and maintenance. It is defined by
equipment manufacturers. On Abis interface, there is a transparent channel used to
bear OML between OMC and OMU of BTS.
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SDU
SPU
OML
OMU
BTS
aling
Sign
Abis
OMU
CEs
raffic
Abis T
MC
Abis Interface
OML
Abis
Signa
ling
Abis
Traffic
BSC
CEs
MC
BTS
SPU: Signaling Processing Unit
SDU: Selection/Distribution Unit
MC: Main Control unit
CEs: Channel Elements
OMU: Operation and Maintenance Unit
Figure 1-4 Composition of Abis interface
Note:
The CFMR (CDMA radio frame process (FP MAC RLC) board) board of BSC carrys out the SDU
function, and the CSPU (CDMA Signal Process Unit) board of BSC carrys out the SPU function, the
MBPB board of BTS3601C carrys out the MC, CEs and OMU fouctions.
2)
Protocol stack of Abis interface
The protocol stack used by Abis signaling and the signaling for operation &
maintenance is as follows:
Abis Signaling Application/OAM Application
TCP
IP
AAL5
ATM
Physical Layer
Protocol stack used by Abis traffic is as follows:
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Abis Traffic
SSSAR
AAL2
ATM
Physical Layer
II. Physical layer
The physical layer of Abis interface can use E1 interface or STM-1 interface.
Each BTS3601C has an E1 link connected with BSC. It realizes transmission through
the ATM User Network Interface (UNI) protocol. Namely, it maps ATM cells to the
T1/E1 frame to implement transmission.
III. Data link layer
ATM is used on the data link layer of Abis interface.
Adaptation of Abis signaling is performed based on AAL5, and is borne in IP Over
ATM (IPoA) mode. At Abis interface, Abis signaling path connects the Main Control
(MC) software and Signaling Processing Unit (SPU) of BSC via Permanent Virtual
Connection (PVC) to transmit Abis signaling. The signaling transmission path for
implementing related O&M operations is also borne by a PVC connecting the
Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU) of BTS and BSC. The BSC forwards the
signaling to OMC transparently, and does not process any O&M signaling.
Adaptation of Abis traffic is performed based on AAL2. At Abis interface, several
PVCs are used to connect the channel processing unit of BTS and SDU of BSC, for
BTS to transmit the uplink data received from the air interface to BSC, and for BSC to
transmit the downlink data to be transmitted via the air interface to BTS.
IV. Layer 3 - traffic management
At Abis interface, Abis signaling, OML signaling and Abis traffic are in the domain of
traffic management. Specifically, Abis traffic management includes the following
functions:
1)
BTS logic O&M function
Resource status indication: With this function, BTS requests logic configuration
from BSC, reports logic status to BSC and checks logic resource regularly.
Cell configuration: With this function, BSC configures logic parameters of cells
for BTS, including cell pilot Pseudo Noise (PN) offset, sector gain, common
channel number and parameter.
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Overhead message updating: With this function, BSC configures or update
Cell breath control function.
Cell blocking function.
Radio measurement report function.
2)
Common channel management function
overhead message to BTS.
Paging channel management procedure: It is used to transmit paging channel
messages from BSC to MSs through Abis interface.
Access channel management procedure: It is used to transmit access channel
messages received on the access channel of BTS to BSC through Abis interface.
3)
Dedicated channel setup and release function
This procedure is used to control the setup and release of dedicated radio channel
and Abis interface terrestrial channel.
Abis interface supports the setup and release of various dedicated channels specified
in IS95A/B and cdma2000 1X, including IS95-FCH, IS95-SCCH, IS2000-FCH,
IS2000-DCCH and IS2000-SCH.
Each radio channel is allocated with one AAL2 link on Abis interface to bear user
traffic data.
Caution:
For softer handoff, only one AAL2 link is allocated on Abis interface.
4)
Traffic channel bearing function
BTS needs to process Abis interface frame protocol. It transmits the data received
from the reverse traffic channel on the air interface to BSC, and transmits the data
from BSC through the forward traffic channel on the air interface.
Traffic channel bearing procedure also performs the functions such as AAL2 traffic
matching, time adjustment of traffic data frame, reverse outer loop power control
adjustment and forward power control adjustment.
5)
Power control function
Abis interface suppor ts various power controls. Power control is performed through
parameter configuration. Power control falls into four types: quick forward closed-loop
power control, slow forward closed-loop power control, quick reverse closed-loop
power control and reverse open-loop power control.
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1.4.3 Other Interface
I. ODU3601C interface
This interface is located between the Micro-bts Transceiver Module (MTRM) of
BTS3601C and the MTRM of ODU3601C. It transmits baseband data through optical
fibers (including service information and operation & maintenance information) so that
BTS3601C can control the ODU3601C.
II. OML interface
OML interface is between BTS and remote OMC. It is actually one of the Abis
interface applications. But on the application layer, OML interface is between BTS
and the remote OMC. OML interface shares resources with Abis interface, including
physical layer, ATM, AAL5 and TCP/IP. For details, please refer to the introduction to
Abis interface.
OML interface is used for OMC to perform operation and maintenance to BTS. It is
defined by equipment manufacturers. On Abis interface, it is a transparent path.
III. LMF interface
LMF interface is the interface between BTS and Local Maintenance Function (LMF)
entity. Its interface protocol stack is shown as below:
IV. System synchronization interface
System synchronization interface includes GPS/GLONASS antenna interface and
system external synchronization interface.
GPS/GLONASS antenna interface
GPS is in compliance with ICD200c: IRN-200C-001-IRN-200C-004: Interface Control
Document of GPS. GLONASS is in compliance with GPS/GLONASS Receiver
Interface Language (GRIL).
System external synchronization interface
The external synchronization interface is used when GPS/GLONASS is not applied. It
is in compliance with the requirement of CDMA Digital Cellular Mobile Communication
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Network
GPS/GLONASS
System Description
Chapter 1 System Overview
Dual-Mode
Receiver
and
Base
Station
Interface
Specifications.
V. Test interface
The test interface provides 10MHz and 2s signals that may be needed for test
instruments.
VI. Power supply interface
BTS3601C supports 220V AC power supply. It provides external 220V AC interface
and 24V DC battery interface.
1.5 Reliability Design
Reliability design of a system is shown in the stability and reliability of the product
during operation.
Huawei BTS3601C is designed based on the following standards:
TIA/EIA/IS-95A CDMA Radio Interface Specifications
TIA/EIA/IS-95B CDMA Radio Interface Specifications
TIA/EIA/IS-2000 CDMA Radio Interface Specifications
TIA/EIA/IS-97D CDMA Base Station Minimum Performance Standard
Huawei product reliability design index and related technical specifications
With various measures taken, the design of boards is in strict accordance with the
requirement of above standards pertaining to reliability.
1.5.1 Hardware Reliability Design
I. De-rating design
To improve system reliability and prolong the service life of components, components
are carefully selected and strictly tested, and less stress (electrical stress and
temperature stress) is to be borne in actual operation than its designed rating.
II. Selection and control of component
The category, specifications and manufacturers of the components are carefully
selected and reviewed according to the requirements of the product reliability and
maintainability. The replaceability and normalization of components is one of the main
factors for the decision, which help to reduce the types of components used and
hence improve the availability of the system.
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III. Board level reliability design
Many measures have been taken in board design to improve its reliability.
Redundancy configuration is applied for key components to improve system reliability.
Key circuits are designed by Huawei, which lays the foundation of high reliability.
The hardware WATCHDOG is equipped for the board, and the board can
automatically reset in case of fault.
The board is provided with the functions of over-current and over-voltage
protection and the function of temperature detection.
Strict thermal analysis and simulation tests are conducted during the design of
boards for the purpose of ensuring longtime operation.
The board software and important data is stored in the non-volatile memory, so
that the board can be restarted when software upgrading fails.
IV. Fault detection, location and recovery
The BTS system is equipped with the functions of self-detection and fault diagnosis
that can record and output various fault information. Common software and hardware
faults can be corrected automatically.
The hardware fault detection functions include fault locating, isolating and automatic
switchover. The maintenance engineers can identify the faulty boards easily wi th the
help of the maintenance console.
The BTS3601C system also supports the reloading of configuration data files and
board execution programs.
V. Fault tolerance and exceptional protection
When faults occur, the system usually will not be blocked.
The system will make a final confirmation on a hardware fault through repeated
detection, thus avoiding system reconfiguration or QoS deterioration due to
contingent faults.
VI. Thermal design
The influence of temperature on the BTS3601C has been considered in the design.
Thermal design primarily concerns the selection of components, circuit design
(including error tolerance, drift design and derating design), structure design and heat
dissipation, so that the BTS3601C can work reliably in a wide range of temperatures.
The first consideration in thermal design is to balance the heat distribution of the
system. Corresponding measures are taken in the place where heat is more likely to
be accumulated.
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VII. Maintainability
The purpose of maintainability design is to define the workload and nature of the
maintenance, so as to cut the maintenance time. The main approaches adopted
include standardization, modularization, error prevention, and testability improvement,
which can simplify the maintenance work.
VIII. EMC design
The design ensures that BTS3601C will not degrade to an unacceptable level due to
the electromagnetic interference from other equipment in the same electromagnetic
environment. Neither the BTS3601C will cause other equipment in the same
electromagnetic environment to degrade to an unacceptable level.
IX. Lightning protection
To eliminate the probability of lightning damage on the BTS3601C system, proper
measures are taken with respect to the lightning protection for DC power supply, BTS
trunk lines and antenna & feeder system. For details, please refer to "3.6 Lightning
Protection".
1.5.2 Software Reliability Design
Software reliability mainly includes protection performance and fault tolerance
capability.
I. Protection performance
The key to improve software reliability is to reduce software defects. Software
reliability of BTS3601C is ensured through the quality control in the whole process
from system requirement analysis, system design to system test.
Starting from the requirement analysis, software development process follows the
regulations such as Capability Mature Mode (CMM), which aim to control faults in the
initial stage.
In software design, much attention is devoted to the designing method and
implementation: the software is designed in a modular structure, and in a loose
coupling mechanism. When a fault occurs to one module, other modules will not be
affected. In addition, preventive measures such as fault detection, isolating and
clearing are also applied to improve the system reliability. Other effective methods
include code read-through, inspection, and unit test.
Various software tests are conducted to improve the software reliability. Test
engineers participate the whole software development process, from unit test to
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system test. They make plans strictly following the demand of the upper-level flow,
which ensure the improvement of software reliability. Additionally, test plans are
modified and improved with the tests.
II. Fault tolerance capability
Fault tolerance capability of the software system means that the whole system would
not collapse when a minor software fault occurs. That is, the system has the
self-healing capability. The fault tolerance of BTS3601 software is represented in the
following aspects:
All boards work on a real-time operating system of high reliability.
If software loading fails, the system can return to the version that was
successfully loaded last time.
Important operations are recorded in log files.
Different authority levels are provided for operations, so as to prevent users from
performing unauthorized operations.
Warnings are given for the operations that will cause system reboot (such as
reset operation). The operator is required to confirm such operations.
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Chapter 3 System Function
3.1 Call Procedure Introduction
Call procedure includes speech service call procedure and data service call
procedure. This section gives some typical examples to introduce the MS call
procedures.
3.1.1 Speech Service Call Procedure
I. Mobile-Originated Call (MOC)
MOC procedure is illustrated in Figure 3-1.
MS
ACH
PCH
BTS
Origination Msg
Base Ack Order
MSC
BSC
Abis-ACH Msg Transfer(ORM)
CM Service Req
Abis-PCH Msg Transfer(Base Ack)
Abis-BTS Setup
Assignment Req
Abis-Connect
(6)
(7)
Abis-BTS Setup Ack
PCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
Null Traffic Data
ECAM
Traffic Channel Preamble
Base Ack Order
Idle TCH Data
MS Ack Order
Service Connect Msg
Service Connect Complete
Abis-IS2000 FCH Fwd(Null data)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Abis-IS2000 FCH Rvs(Idle data)
Abis-PCH Msg Transfer(ECAM)
Abis-IS2000 FCH Rvs(Preamble)
(11)
Abis-IS2000 FCH Fwd(Base Ack)
(12)
Abis-IS2000 FCH Rvs(Idle Data)
(13)
(14)
(15)
Abis-IS2000 FCH Rvs(Ms Ack )
Abis-IS2000 FCH Fwd(Service Connect)
Abis-IS2000 FCH Rvs(Ser Conn Comp)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Abis-Connect Ack
TCH
(1)
(2)
Assignment Complete
(16)
(17)
Figure 3-1 MOC procedure
1)
MS sends "Origination Message" on access channel. After receiving the
message, BTS sends “Abis-ACH Msg Transfer” message to BSC.
2)
BSC sends “CM Service Request” message to MSC to request service
assignment. Meanwhile, BSC sends “BS Ack Order” to BTS via “Abis-PCH Msg
Transfer” message. BTS sends “BS Ack Order" on paging channel to the MS.
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MSC sends "Assignment Request" message to BSC to request BSS to assign
radio resources.
4)
BSC sends “Abis-BTS Setup” message to BTS to request BTS to allocate radio
resources for the call.
5)
BTS sends “Abis-Connect” message to BSC for establishing Abis service
connection.
6)
BSC sends “Abis-Connect Ack” to BTS in response to the “Abis-Connect”
message.
7)
After resources allocation, BTS sends “Abis-BTS Setup Ack” message to BSC.
8)
BSC sends “Abis-IS2000 FCH Fwd” message to BTS, and orders BTS to send
null frame to MS on forward traffic channel.
9)
After receiving “Abis-IS2000 FCH Fwd” message, BTS sends idle frame to BSC
via “Abis-IS2000 FCH Rvs” message, and performs Abis link delay adjustment.
10) BSC sends channel assignment message to BTS via “Abis-PCH Msg Transfer”
message. BTS forwards the channel assignment message to MS on paging
channel.
11) MS begins to send traffic channel preamble on the assigned reverse traffic
channel. After BTS captures the preamble, it sends traffic channel preamble to
BSC via “Abis-IS2000 FCH Rvs” message.
12) After BSC receives traffic channel preamble from MS, BSC sends "BS Ack
Order” to BTS via “Abis-IS2000 FCH Fwd” message. BTS sends “BS Ack Order”
to MS on the forward traffic channel.
13) After MS receives “BS Ack Order”, it stops sending traffic channel preamble and
starts to send data frame on reverse traffic channel.
14) Then MS sends “MS Ack Order” on reverse traffic channel to BTS. BTS forwards
the message to BSC via “Abis-IS2000 FCH Rvs” message.
15) On receiving “MS Ack Order”, BSC sends "Service Connect" message to BTS
via “Abis-IS2000 FCH Fwd” message, then BTS forwards the message to MS.
MS starts to handle the traffic according to the designated service configuration.
16) To respond to service connection message, MS sends "Service Connect
Complete" message.
17) On receiving the "Service Connect Complete" message, BSC sends
"Assignment Complete" message to MSC.
II. Mobile-Terminated Call (MTC)
MOC procedure is shown in Figure 3-2.
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BTS
MS
PCH
ACH
PCH
System Description
Chapter 3 System Function
GPM
Paging Response
Base Ack Order
BSC
Abis-PCH MsgTransfer(GPM )
Abis-ACH Msg Transfer(PRM)
Paging Request
CM Service Req
Abis -PCH Msg Transfer(Base Ack)
Abis -BTS Setup
Abis -Connect
Assignment Req
Abis-Connect Ack
PCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
Null Traffic Data
ECAM
Traffic Channel Preamble
Base Ack Order
Idle TCH Data
MS Ack Order
Service Connect Msg
Service Connect Complete
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Abis-IS2000 FCH Fwd(Null data)
(9)
(10)
(11)
Abis-IS2000 FCH Rvs(Idle data)
(12)
Abis -PCH Msg Transfer(ECAM )
(13)
Abis-IS2000 FCH Rvs(Preamble)
(14)
(15)
Abis-BTS Setup Ack
TCH
MSC
Abis-IS2000 FCH Fwd(BaseAck)
(16)
Abis-IS2000 FCH Rvs(Idle Data)
Abis -IS2000 FCH Rvs(Ms Ack)
Abis -IS2000 FCH Fwd(ServiceConnect)
Abis -IS2000 FCH Rvs(Ser Conn Comp)
(17)
(18)
Assignment Complete
(19)
(20)
Figure 3-2 MOC procedure
1)
MSC sends "Paging Request" to BSC.
2)
BSC constructs General Paging Message (GPM), embeds it into ”Abis-PCH Msg
Transfer” message, then sends it to BTS. BTS forwards the GPM on the paging
channel.
3)
After MS receives paging message, it sends Paging Response Message (PRM)
to BTS. BTS forwards it to BSC in “Abis-ACH Msg Transfer” message.
4)
BSC sends “CM Service Request” message to MSC to request service
assignment.
5)
BSC sends “BS Ack Order” to BTS via “Abis-PCH Msg Transfer” message. BTS
sends the “BS Ack Order” on the paging channel.
6)
MSC sends assignment request message to BSC to request BSS to allocate
radio resources.
7)
BSC sends “Abis-BTS Setup” message to BTS to request BTS to allocate radio
resource for the call.
8)
BTS sends “Abis-Connect” message to BSC for establishing Abis service
connection.
9)
BSC sends “Abis-Connect Ack” to BTS in response to “Abis-Connect” message.
10) BTS completes resource allocation, and sends “Abis-BTS Setup Ack” message
to BSC.
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11) BSC sends “Abis-IS2000 FCH Fwd” message to BTS to request BTS to send
null frame to MS.
12) After receiving “Abis-IS2000 FCH Fwd” message, BTS sends null frame to BSC
via “Abis-IS2000 FCH Rvs” message, and performs Abis link delay adjustment.
13) BSC sends channel assignment message to BTS via “Abis-PCH Msg Transfer”
message. BTS forwards the message to MS on paging channel.
14) MS begins to send traffic channel preamble on the assigned reverse traffic
channel. After capturing the preamble, BTS sends traffic channel preamble to
BSC via “Abis-IS2000 FCH Rvs” message.
15) After BSC receives the traffic channel preamble sent from MS, it sends “BS Ack
Order” to BTS via “Abis-IS2000 FCH Fwd” message. BTS forwards the order to
MS over the forward traffic channel.
16) After MS receives “BS Ack Order”, it stops sending traffic channel preamble and
starts sending data frame.
17) After MS receives “BS Ack Order", it sends “MS Ack Order" to BTS. BTS
forwards the order to BSC via “Abis-IS2000 FCH Rvs” message.
18) After BSC receives “MS Ack Order", it sends service connection message to
BTS via “Abis-IS2000 FCH Fwd” message. BTS forwards the message to MS,
and then MS starts to handle the service according to the designated service
configuration.
19) To respond to service connection message, MS sends "Service Connect
Complete" message.
20) After BSC receives the "Service Connection Complete" message, it sends
"Assignment Complete" message to MSC.
3.1.2 Data Service Call Procedure
I. Mobile originated data service
The mobile originated data service procedure is shown in Figure 3-3. In the figure, the
BSS represents BTS and BSC.
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MS
System Description
Chapter 3 System Function
BSS
MSC
PCF
PDSN
(1) Origination
(2) BS ACK
(3) CM Service Request
(4) Assignment Request
(5) ECAM
(6) Tch Preamble
(7) BS Ack Order
(8) MS Ack Order
(9) Service Connect Msg
(10) Service Connect Cmp Msg
(11) A 9 -Setup -A8
(14) A 9-Connect -A8
(12)
A11 Registration
Request(Life time)
(13)
A11-Registration
Reply (Life time, Accept)
(15) Assignment Complete
Establishing PPP connection
, Mobile IP Registration
Transmitting packet data
Figure 3-3 Mobile originated data service procedure
1)
MS sends "Origination" message to BTS via the access channel on air interface.
2)
After BTS receives the "Origination message", it sends "BS Ack Order" to MS.
3)
BSC constructs a "CM Service Request" message and sends it to MSC.
4)
MSC sends "Assignment Request" message to BSC to request BTS to assign
radio resources.
5)
BTS sends channel assignment message over the paging channel of air
interface.
6)
MS begins to send preamble in the assigned reverse traffic channel.
7)
After acquiring the reverse traffic channel, BTS sends "BS ACK Order" to MS in
the forward traffic channel.
8)
After receiving "BS ACK Order", MS sends "MS ACK Order", and transmits the
null service frame in the reverse traffic channel.
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BTS sends service connection message/service selection response message to
MS, and designates the service configuration used for the call. MS starts to
handle the service according to the designated service configuration.
10) After receiving service connection message, MS responds with one Service
Connect Complete" message.
11) BSC sends “A9-Setup-A8” message to PCF for establishing A8 connection.
12) PCF sends “A11-Registration-Request” to PDSN for establishing A10
connection.
13) PDSN
accepts
A10
connection
establishment
request,
and
returns
“A11-Registration-Reply” message to PCF.
14) PCF returns “A9-Connect-A8” message to BSC. Connection between A8 and
A10 is established.
15) After both radio traffic channel and terrestrial circuit are established, BSC sends
"Assignment Complete" message to MSC.
16) MS negotiates with PDSN to establish PPP connection. In the case of Mobile IP
access, Mobile IP connection will be established. PPP message and Mobile IP
message are transmitted in traffic channel, and are transparent to BSC/PCF.
17) After PPP connection is established, the data service enters "connected" status.
II. SCH establishment
This section describes establishment procedure of MS-originated Supplemental
Channel (SCH). The BSC-originated SCH establishment procedure is similar, and
only differs in the trigger condition.
There is no special SCH release procedure in the case of dynamic SCH allocation.
Instead, BSC determines SCH rate and duration. Once the time is due, SCH will be
released.
MS-originated SCH establishment procedure is shown in Figure 3-4.
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BTS
BSC
(1) Supplemental Channel Request Message
(2) Abis-BTS Setup
(3) Abis Connect
(4) Abis Connect Ack
(5) Abis-BTS Setup Ack
(6) Abis Burst Request
(7) Abis Burst Response
(8) Abis Burst Commit
(9) Extended Supplemental Channel Assignment Message
Figure 3-4 Reverse SCH establishment procedure
1)
If the packet data call is established, MS may send “Supplemental Channel
Request Message” to BSC for establishing SCH channel.
2)
BSC sends “Abis-BTS Setup” to BTS for allocating radio resource for the call.
3)
After BTS establishes the channel, it sends “Abis Connect” to BSC.
4)
BSC responds with “Abis Connect Ack” to BTS.
5)
After BTS establishes all of the channels, it sends “Abis-BTS Setup Ack” to BSC,
indicating the completion of terrestrial circuit establishment.
6)
BSC sends “Abis-Burst Request” to BTS for activating BTS.
7)
BTS responds “Abis-Burst Response” message to BSC.
8)
BSC sends “Abis-Burst Commit” to BTS, and BTS starts to transmit SCH.
9)
BSC sends “Extended Supplemental Channel Assignment Message” and
assigns SCH channel for MS, so that the packet data service can be transmitted
at high speed in SCH channel.
3.2 Signaling Processing
BTS signaling processing serves to:
Implement interconnection of MS and BSS/CN on the air interface layer.
Perform part of radio resource management function under the control of BSC.
Specifically, BTS signaling processing performs the following functions: signaling
processing on Abis physical layer and transmission layer, channel resource
management, Abis traffic link management, BTS logic O&M processing, common
channel processing, dedicated channel establishment and release, traffic bearing and
power control.
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I. Functions of physical layer and transmission layer on Abis interface
The physical layer of Abis interface adopts ATM UNI technology. The configuration of
User-to-Network Interface (UNI) is completed at the BTS that also provides the
timeslot configuration function.
Data link layer of Abis interface utilizes ATM. Signaling is adapted with AAL5 and
traffic is adapted with AAL2.
II. Channel resource management
BTS organizes channel resources with a resource pool. It is responsible for the
allocation, release and management of the channel resources.
III. Abis traffic link management
BTS is responsible for assigning traffic link on Abis interface.
IV. BTS logic O&M functions
BTS provides the following logic O&M functions:
Resource status indication
Cell configuration function
Overhead message updating
Cell breath control function
Cell block/unblock function
Radio measurement report function
V. Common channel processing
BTS is responsible for the establishment and release of common channels and
processing of common channel messages. The common channels include paging
channel, access channel, etc.
VI. Establishment and release of dedicated channel
BTS is also responsible for the establishment and release of dedicated channels.
VII. Traffic bearing
BTS processes Abis interface protocol, transmits the traffic channel data received
from the air interface to BSC, and transmits the traffic data that received from BSC on
the air interface.
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VIII. Power control
Coordinating with the MS and BSC, BTS provides various power control mechanisms
(as detailed in Section 3.4.1 Power Control).
3.3 Baseband Processing
Baseband processing performs physical layer functions on Um interface, and
processes baseband data of all full-duplex channels in CDMA system.
In the forward direction (transmitting direction), baseband processing fulfills channel
coding, rate adaptation, interleaving, spreading spectrum and modulation. In the
reverse direction (receiving direction), it fulfills multi-path signaling demodulation,
de-interleaving, channel decoding and information bit extraction.
For different Radio Configuration (RC), baseband processing is different. But basically
it can be summarized into the following procedures:
I. Forward channel baseband processing
In CDMA forward channel, the baseband processing of one traffic channel includes
channel coding, rate adaptation, block interleaving, long code scrambling, power
control bit insertion, Walsh code spreading spectrum, signal modulation and
baseband filtering, as shown in Figure 3-5.
Channel
coding
Rate
Block
Long code
adaptation
interleave
scrambling
Walsh code
spreading
spectrum
QPSK
Baseband
modulation
filtering
Figure 3-5 Baseband processing in forward channel
Channel coding
CDMA system uses Convolutional code and Turbo code for channel coding. Its
function is error correction. Convolutional code is used for ordinary speech service
and Turbo code for high-speed data service.
Rate adaptation
Since the system supports frames of different rates. The frame rates after channel
coding are different. Rates should be adapted to ensure that the rate of frames meets
the requirement before entering the interleaver. In CDMA system, rate adaptation is
realized by symbol repetition and code puncturing.
Block interleaving
The purpose of interleaving is to resist fast fade in the radio channel environment.
Long code scrambling
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In the forward channel, long code scrambling is used to scramble the user data to
provide encryption function.
Walsh code spreading spectrum
In the forward channel, Walsh code is used to identify each user.
QPSK modulation
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation is used in the forward channel.
PN short code is used in the modulation for scrambling and providing cell ID.
Baseband filtering
This process implements pulse shaping without inter-code interference and the
suppression of out-band signals.
II. Reverse channel baseband processing
Baseband processing in the reverse channel includes multi-path signal demodulation,
signal de-interleaveing, channel decoding, and extraction of frame information data,
as shown in Figure 3-6.
Multi-path
signal
demodulation
De-interleave
Channel
decoding
Extract
information
bit
Figure 3-6 Baseband processing in reverse channel
Multi-path demodulation
With Rake receiver, BTS can demodulate the radio multi-path signals and effectively
combine multi-path energy.
De-interleaving
Signals received from MS are interleaved signals, so de-interleaving must be
performed by BTS to restore the signals.
Channel decoding
MS uses convolutional code or Turbo code for channel encoding before transmission,
while BTS decodes with Viterbi decoder or Turbo decoder at the receiving end based
on the channel code type of the MS.
Extraction of frame information data
When transmitting signals, MS adds Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits and a
number of all-zero tail bits at the end of the information bits to compose a transmitting
frame. On receiving the frame, BTS performs CRC check and removes the
non-information bit (CRC check bit and end bit) to get the information bits, then sends
them to the higher layer for processing.
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3.4 Radio Resource Management
BTS radio resource management functions meet the requirements of TIA/EIA IS-97-D
protocol.
3.4.1 Power Control
CDMA system is a self-interferenc system, in which every subscriber is an
interference source to other subscribers. If it is possible to ensure that every MS
transmits the minimum power it needs, the whole system capacity can be the largest.
Therefore, power control directly affects the system capacity and the service quality.
I. Purpose
Power control is to
Ensure conversation quality, meanwhile restrict the transmitting power on the
forward and reverse links, thus minimizing the system interference.
Overcome the far-near effect caused by the freely distributed mobile stations, so
the signals of mobile stations whose distances to the BTS are different can reach
the BTS with the same power.
Realize the system soft capacity control.
Prolong MS battery life.
Minimize MS radiation to the human body.
II. Types
Power control can be divided into forward power control and reverse power control.
The forward power control is used to control BTS’s transmit power, while the reverse
power control aims to control MS’s transmit power.
1)
Forward power control
Forward power control can be implemented with various methods, whose applications
are subject to the MS protocol version and the system parameters.
Power control based on Power Measurement Report Message (PMRM)
In PMRM-based power control, the MS determines the method and frequency of
reporting PMRM in accordance with the received control message in the system
parameter message.
Power control based on Erasure Indicator Bit (EIB)
In EIB power control, the MS detects the forward frame quality, and feeds back the
information to the BTS via EIB. The BTS will adjust the transmit power according to
EIB information.
Quick forward power control
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In this mode, the BTS power is adjusted according to power control bit from the MS
(the maximum speed can reach 800bit/s). In cdma2000 1X system, large data service
is supported. Therefore, the requirement on forward power control is increasingly
strict. The forward quick power control method can control forward channel transmit
power accurately, so as to reduce the interference and improve the capacity.
2)
Reverse power control
Reverse power control includes open-loop power control and closed-loop power
control. The closed-loop power control can be sub-divided into inner loop power
control and outer loop power control.
Open-loop power control method
The MS determines the transmit power intensity to access the BTS according to the
received pilot signal strength.
Closed-loop power control method
The BTS issues power control command to the MS, and performs the adjustment
according to MS feedback. The principle of closed-loop power control is shown in the
following figure.
Power control bit
MS
Eb/Nt
BTS
FER
BSC
Eb/Nt changing quantity
Inner loop
Outer loop
Figure 3-7 Closed-loop power control
Inner loop power control: The BTS issues power control bit according to the received
Eb/Nt.
Outer loop power control: The BSC adjusts the Eb/Nt setting value according to the
Frame Error Rate (FER) of the received reverse signal. Then the BTS uses the newly
set Eb/Nt value to issue power control bit, thus the purpose of indirectly controlling the
MS power is achieved.
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3.4.2 Handoff
I. Types
The handoff can be divided into the following three types according to the handoff
procedures.
Hard handoff
The MS firstly disconnect the connection with the previous BTS, then sets up the
connection with the new BTS.
Soft handoff
When the MS establishes the communication with a new BTS, it will not release the
connection with the previous BTS.
Softer handoff
It is the soft handoff occurred among different sectors in the same BTS.
II. Purpose
With respect to the purpose, the handoff can be divided into three types: rescue
handoff, better cell handoff and traffic handoff.
Rescue handoff
When the MS is leaving the cell coverage area and the conversation quality is
unacceptable, the handoff occurs in order to avoid the interruption of the call.
Better cell handoff
If the rescue handoff condition is not triggered, this handoff may occur if conversation
quality or network performance can be improved. The handoff is called better cell
handoff because there is better cell for the call.
Traffic handoff
This kind of handoff occurs when one cell is congested due to its heavy load and the
adjacent cell is relatively idle. This mainly results from traffic peak within short time in
a limited area due to some special events (such as sports game, exhibition, etc).
3.4.3 Radio Configuration and Channel Support
I. Radio Configuration (RC)
Um interface supports cdma2000 1X, and is compatible with IS-95A/B. The spreading
rate is 1.2288Mcps.
The cdma2000 1X physical layer supports multiple radio configurations. Each radio
configuration supports the frames of the different rate sets, and possesses different
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configurations
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and
spreading
spectrum
structures.
The
supported
transmission combinations include:
Forward RC1, and reverse RC1;
Forward RC2, and reverse RC2;
Forward RC3 or RC4, and reverse RC3;
Forward RC5, and reverse RC4.
With different RCs, cdma2000 1X presents different capabilities. RC1 and RC2 are
compatible with IS-95A/B.
Each RC supports certain traffic channel data rate. The specific data rates are listed
in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2.
Table 3-1 Forward channel rates
Channel type
F-SYNCH
F-PCH
F-QPCH
F-DCCH
F-FCH
F-SCCH
RC3 or RC4
RC5
RC1
RC2
RC3 or RC4
RC5
RC1
RC2
RC3
F-SCH
RC4
RC5
Channel rate (bit/s)
1200
9600, or 4800
4800, or 2400
9600
14400 (20ms frame) or 9600 (5ms frame)
9600, 4800, 2400, or 1200
14400, 7200, 3600, or 1800
9600, 4800, 2700, or 1500 (20ms frame), or 9600 (5ms frame)
14400, 7200, 3600, or 1800 (20ms frame), or 9600 (5ms frame)
9600
14400
153600, 76800, 38400, 19200, 9600, 4800, 2700,or 1500 (20ms
frame)
307200, 153600, 76800, 38400, 19200, 9600, 4800, 2700,or 1500
(20ms frame)
230400, 115200, 57600, 28800, 14400, 7200,3600, or 1800
Table 3-2 Reverse channel rates
Channel type
R-ACH
R-SCCH
RC3
RC4
RC1
RC2
RC3
RC4
RC1
RC2
R-SCH
RC3
RC4
R-DCCH
R-FCH
Channel rate (bit/s)
4800
9600
14400 (20ms frame) or 9600 (5ms frame)
9600, 4800, 2400, or 1200
14400, 7200, 3600, or 1800
9600, 4800, 2700, or 1500 (20ms frames), or 9600 (5ms frame)
14400, 7200, 3600, or 1800 (20ms frames), 9600 (5ms frame)
9600
14400
307200,153600, 76800, 38400, 19200, 9600, 4800, 2700, or 1500
(20ms frame)
230400, 115200, 57600, 28800, 14400, 7200, 3600, or 1800
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II. Physical channel configuration
On Um interface is defined series of physical channels, which are divided into
different types according to the channel features. Different RCs support different
channels.
1)
Forward physical channel
The configuration of forward physical channel is shown in Figure 3-8.
Forward CDMA channel
F-CACH
F-PICH
F-CPCCH
F-TDPICH
F-PICH
F-APICH
F-CCCH
F-SYNCH
F-TCH
F-BCH
F-PCH
F-QPCH
F-ATDPICH
F-DCCH
F-FCH
F-PC
Sub-channel
F-SCCH
(RC1~2)
F-SCH
(RC3~5)
Figure 3-8 Forward physical channels
Forward Common Assignment Channel (F-CACH)
F-CACH is used for transmitting the assignment information in quick response to the
reversed channel, and provides the support for random access packet transmission in
the reversed link. F-CACH controls Reverse Common Control Channel (R-CCCH)
and Forward Common Power Control Channel (F-CPCCH) in Reservation Access
Mode, and provides the quick acknowledgement in power-controlled access mode. In
addition, it also provides congestion control function.
Forward Common Power Control Channel (F-CPCCH)
F-CPCCH is used in the system to support multiple R-CCCHs and Reverse
Enhanced Access Channels (R-EACHs) to perform power control.
Forward Pilot Channel (F-PICH)
Signals are transmitted on F-PICH all the time. The BTS transmits a fixed signal in
the pilot channel. This signal serves to provide phase reference for the coherent
demodulation of MS receiver to ensure coherent detection, and facilities MS to
acquire synchronization signals from the synchronization channel and sector
identification information.
If the sector supports transmit diversity, it is necessary to configure Forward Transmit
Diversity Pilot Channel (F-TDPICH).
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If smart antenna or beam shaping formation technology is adopted, the BTS will
provide one or more Forward Auxiliary Pilot Channels (F-APICHs) on the forward
channel to improve the system capacity and coverage.
When diversity transmit method is used in CDMA channel with F-APICH, BTS will
provide corresponding Forward Transmit Diversity Auxiliary Pilot Channel
(F-ATDPICH).
Forward Common Control Channel (F-CCCH)
F-CCCH are a series of coding & interleaving spreading and modulation spread
spectrum signals, used by the MSs in the BTS coverage area. BTS transmits the
system information and the designated MS information on this channel.
Forward Sync. Channel (F-SYNCH)
The MSs in the coverage of BTS get initial synchronization information from
F-SYNCH. The rate of synchronization channel is 1,200bit/s and the frame length is
26.667ms. The PN of pilot signal in I channel and Q channel of synchronization
channel is the same as the PN in the pilot channel of the same BTS.
Forward Traffic Channel (F-TCH)
F-TCH is used to send the user information and signaling information to an MS during
the call. F-TCH can be sub-divided into:
Forward Dedicated Control Channel (F-DCCH), which bears traffic information and
signaling information,
Forward Fundamental Channel (F-FCH), which bears traffic information,
Forward Power Control sub-channel (F-PC sub-channel): which are the signals sent
only in forward fundamental channel or forward dedicated control channel,
Forward Supplemental Code Channel (F-SCCH): which bears traffic information, and
is applicable to RC1 and RC2, and
Forward Supplemental Channel (F-SCH), which bears traffic information and is
applicable to RC3, RC4 and RC5.
Forward Broadcast Channel (F-BCH)
F-BCH is used by BTS to send the system information and broadcast messages
(such as short messages). F-BCH operates in discontinuous mode.
Forward Paging Channel (F-PCH)
F-PCH is used by BTS to send the system information and MS-specific information to
MS.
Paging channel can be used to send the information with the fixed data rate of
9,600bit/s or 4,800bit/s. In a certain system (with the same system identification
number), all paging channels send the information with the same data rate.
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The frame length of paging channel is 20ms. Each frequency of the sector can
support seven paging channels at most.
Forward Quick Paging Channel (F-QPCH)
This is used to send paging indicator and the system configuration change indicator
to MSs operating in slotted mode, instructing them to receive the paging messages.
Thus the MS battery energy can be saved.
Quick paging channel can be divided into some 80ms timeslots. Each timeslot can be
divided into paging indicator and configuration change indicator. The data rate that
can be supported is 2,400bit/s or 4,800bit/s.
Note:
In Figure 3-8, the channel in shadow will be supported in the subsequent version.
For the location and function of the above channels in call procedures, please refer to Section ”3.1 Call
Procedure”.
2)
Reverse physical channel configuration
The configuration of reverse physical channel is shown in Figure 3-9.
Reverse CDMA channel
R-ACH
R-TCH
( RC1~2)
R-EACH
R-CCCH
R-TCH
( RC3~4)
R-FCH
R-PICH
R-PICH
R-PICH
0~7
R-SCCH
R-EACH
R-CCCH
0~1
R-DCCH
0~1
R-FCH
0~2
R-SCH
R-PC
Subchannel
Figure 3-9 Configuration of reverse physical channel
Reverse Access Channel (R-ACH)
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R-ACH is used by MS to originate the communication with BTS, and respond to
paging channel message. MS uses random access protocol to initiate access
procedure. Regarding each of the supported paging channel, Maximum 32 access
channels can be supported.
Reverse Traffic Channel (R-TCH)
R-TCH is used by MS to send the user information and signaling information during
the call.
In the configuration of RC1~RC2, R-TCH can be sub-divided into:
Reverse Fundamental Channel (R-FCH), and
Reverse Supplemental Code Channel (R-SCCH).
In the configuration of RC3~RC4, R-TCH can be sub-divided into:
Reverse Pilot Channel (R-PICH), which assists BTS to capture MS and improves
receiving performance,
Reverse Dedicated Control Channel (R-DCCH) used to bear traffic information and
signaling information,
Reverse Fundamental Channel (R-FCH) used to bear traffic information,
Reverse Supplemental Channel (R-SCH) used to bear the traffic information, and
Reverse Power Control sub-channel (R-PC subchannel), which is only used in RC3
and RC4 (The MS supports inner loop power control and outer loop power control on
this channel).
Reverse Enhanced Access Channel (R-EACH)
R-EACH is used by MS to originate the communication with BTS, or respond to the
message that is specially sent to MS. R-EACH adopts random access protocol and
supports two types of access modes: Basic Access Mode and Reservation Access
Mode.
Reverse Common Control Channel (R-CCCH)
R-CCCH is used to send the user and signaling information to BTS in case of not
using reverse traffic channel. Two access modes are supported: Reservation Access
Mode and Designated Access Mode.
Note:
In Figure 3-9, the channels in shadow will be supported in the subsequent version.
For the location and function of the above channels in call procedure, please refer to Section ”3.1 Call
Procedure”.
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3.4.4 Diversity Receiving
BTS3601C supports Diversity Receiving function, which is realized through two sets
of independent receiving devices (including antenna, feeder, MFEM and MTRM).
The two sets of receiving devices demodulate the received signals at the same time,
and then the baseband processing unit decodes the signals with diversity mergence
algorithm to obtain diversity gain.
Diversity Receiving enhances BTS receivers' capability to resist fade, so that the BTS
can achieve satisfactory receiving effect even in complicated radio transmission
conditions.
3.4.5 Cell Breath
BTS3601C can control the transmit power so as to adjust the effective coverage of
cells and balance the system load. This feature is especially important to CDMA
system.
The control range of transmit power provided by BTS3601C for cell breath is 24dB.
The transmit power is regulated at a step of 0.5dB.
3.5 Operation and Maintenance
BTS3601C provides convenient operation & maintenance functions. The functions
can be classified as loading management, configuration management, equipment
management, status management, tracing management and test management.
3.5.1 Loading Management
This function supports remote BTS software upgrading and remote configuration data
loading.
Loading management performs the software loading and loading of configuration
data.
Software loading involves downloading and activation of CPU software and FPGA
logic, while configuration data loading involves both downloading and uploading of
configuration data.
I. Software loading
When BTS is powered on and starts operation, its MBPB and MTRM will run the
existing software in the Flash Memory. When the user needs to upgrade the software,
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he can send the loading command through the remote maintenance console to
activate the software loading process.
Note:
The remote maintenance console means the client of the BAM at the BSC side, and the nearby
maintenance console means the client of the OMU at the BTS side. For details, please refer to the "1.1.1
Local Operation and Maintenance System" in modul 2 of this manual.
In the MBPB software loading process, the software stored in the BAM hard disk is
first downloaded to the falsh memory of MBPB, and then activated by command.
In MTRB software loading process, the software is first downloaded to MBPB, and
then downloaded to MTRB and activated.
Upon software upgrading, make sure to load the MTRB software first before loading
the MBPB software. Upon software upgrading for the individual boards, make sure to
load the FPGA software first, then the CPU software.
II. Configuration data loading
Data loading involves data downloading and uploading.
For BTS configuration data, if no "available" configuration data file exists in the Flash
Memory of MBPB, BTS3601C will send a request to BAM for configuration data
loading.
The configuration data can be downloaded in the same way as the software. The
configuration data stored in the hard disk of BAM is first downloaded to MBPB ,and
then the OMU of MBPB accomplishes the data configuration based on the
configuration data for the BTS.
BTS3601C provides the data uploading function, which enables the configuration
data of a BTS to be loaded to the specific direc tory of BAM.
3.5.2 Configuration Management
The configuration management function accomplishes the configuration for BTS
equipment, radio resource, and so on. It also enables the user to query the
configuration data.
This function can be realized through the remote maintenance console, or the nearby
maintenance console.
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I. Local cell configuration
This function is used to add or delete physical cell resources of the BTS. The unit of
physical cell configuration is sector-carrier.
The following configuration items are provided for this function:
Local cell ID, local sector ID, carrier ID, MTRB ID, maximum cell radius, maximum
user speed, maximum times of searching for reverse common channel, size of
service channel search window, search window offset, and power control mode.
II. Abis signaling link configuration
This function is used to configure the parameters for the Abis signaling link between
BSC and BTS. IPOA(Ip Over ATM) is adopted for Abis signaling link. Only one Abis
signaling link can be configured. If a configuration message is received when an Abis
signaling link already exists, it will be re-configured according to the new parameters.
The following configuration items are provided for this function:
Signaling IP address of BSC, signaling sub-net mask of BSC, VPI value of BSC
signaling link, VCI value of BSC signaling link, signaling IP address of BTS, signaling
sub-network mask of BTS, VPI value of BTS signaling link, and VCI value of BTS
signaling link.
III. Abis traffic link configuration
This function is used to configure the Abis traffic link between BSC and BTS. AAL2
adaptation is adopted for Abis traffic link. BTS3601C supports the configuration of
only one Abis traffic link. If a traffic link already exists upon the reception of a
configuration message, the traffic link will be re-configured according to the new
parameters.
The following configuration items are provided for this function:
VPI value of BSC traffic link, VCI value of BSC traffic link, VPI value of BTS traffic link,
VCI value of BTS traffic link, and PVC index of this traffic link.
IV. System clock source configuration
This function is used to configure the priority level of BTS3601C clock sources. The
three kinds of clock sources (in-borad clock source, internal clock source and external
clock source) can be configured with different priority levels, so that BTS can choose
the operation clock according to the priority level after startup.
The following configuration items are provided for this function:
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Clock source of high priority, clock source of ordinary priority, and clock source with
low priority.
In-board clock source can be GPS closk source or GLONASS clock source.
V. In-borad clock parameters configuration
More in-borad clock parameters should be configured after in-board clock source has
been configured for BTS as its clock source.
The following configuration items are provided for this function:
Antenna delay compensation, time zone, and minute adjustment.
VI. GPS/GLONASS card configuration
This function is used to configure the GPS/GLONASS satellite receiver card (which is
located on MBPM). If the satellite receiver card is GPS type, this configuration is not
needed. If the satellite receiver card is GPS/GLONASS type, this command is used to
configurate GPS/GLONASS receiver card to receive GPS signal only, or GLONASS
signal only, or both of GPS and GLONASS signal.
The following configuration items are provided for this function:
Satellite card type, and satellite card operational mode.
VII. Channel processing parameters configuration
This function is used to configure the channel processing parameters for CSM5000
chip on MBPB.
The following configuration items are provided for this function:
Maximum number of reverse access channels, maximum number of common reverse
access channels, minimum size of access channel preamble, enable search window
adjustment, rate decision algorithm selection, maximum number of IS95 Fingers, and
maximum number of CDMA2000 1X Fingers.
VIII. BTS operation start
This function is used to make the BTS functional units start up at the same time after
configuring all/part of BTS functional units.
IX. Configuration data query
This function is used to query the BTS configuration data currently in use.
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X. Configuration data deletion
This function is used to delete the BTS configuration data which is saved in Flash
Memory.
XI. Configuration data saving
This function is used to save the BTS configuration data currently in use to the Flash
Memory of MBPB so that BTS can obtain the data from the Flash Memory directly
upon the startup next time.
XII. BTS automatic typical configuration
This function is used to configure a BTS3601C sector-carrier automatically.
The effect of this function is equal to the concurrent execution of several functions
based on some default parameters. Those functions include: adding BTS cell
configuration, BTS signaling link configuration, BTS traffic link configuration, BTS
clock source configuration, BTS GPS clock parameter configuration, GPS/GLONASS
configuration, channel processing parameter configuration, and BTS operation start.
The following configuration items are provided for this function:
Local cell ID, local sector ID, carrier ID, BSC signaling IP, signaling sub-net mask of
BSC, VPI of BSC signaling link, VCI of BSC signaling link, BTS signaling IP, signaling
sub-net mask of BTS, VPI of BTS signaling link, VCI of BTS signaling link, VPI of
BSC traffic link, VCI of BSC traffic link, VPI of BTS traffic link, VCI of BTS traffic link,
and PVC value of this traffic link.
XIII. E1/T1 Fractional ATM transmission management
BTS3601C capacity is small; therefore, it requires relatively small transmission
bandwidth. E1/T1 fractional ATM transmission management function can make use of
the time slot of the existent transmission lines, saving much cost for transmission.
The type of E1/T1 should be consistent with that setting of the board DIP switch upon
board startup.
The timeslot set at the two sides of E1/T1 (at BTS and BSC) should be the same.
Otherwise Abis link and OML can not be set up, and BTS-BSC, BTS-OMC
communication can not be available.
The following configuration items are provided for this function:
E1/T1 type and the timeslot No. used.
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3.5.3 Equipment Management
I. Version query
This function is used to query the version of MBPB and MTRB of BTS3601C. The
version information of MBPB includes: software version No., logical version No.,
BOOTROM version No., PCB version No., CPU version No., and hardware &
software version No. of CSM5000 chip. MTRB version information includes: software
version No, logical version No., BOOTROM version No. and PCB version No.
II. Electrical label query
This function is used to query the electrical label of BTS boards (MBPB and MTRB).
MTRB electrical label includes the labels of MTRB, MMCB and MAPM.
III. Log management
This function is used to query BTS log information. There are user operation log and
system running log. The former records the operation commands executed by the
user at BTS side, and the later records the running information of boards.
IV. Alarm management
This function includes alar m detection, alarm report, query of current alarms, query of
history alarms and deletion of history alarms.
Alarm detection and report functions are used to detect faults on the links, devices or
resources during the BTS3601C operation and report the corresponding alarms to
OMC. BTS3601C can store more than 3,000 current alarms and history alarms.
Alarm query and deletion functions support the conditional query of the current alarms
and history alarms, as well as the deletion of history alarms.
The module alarms are listed below.
Common alarm
Including the alarms of board parameters configuration error, board temperature
abnormal, board communication link fault, optical interface no signal, CPU occupancy
too high, etc.
MBPB alarm
Including the alarms of OML disconnection, Abis signaling link fault, satellite antenna
system fault, system clock abnormal, master clock out of sync., UNI link alarm, E1/T1
link local alarm, E1/T1 link remote alarm, and MASU fault.
MTRB alarm
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Including the alarms of receiver over-excited, transmit path clock out of sync.,
hardware phase-locked loop out of sync., software phase-locked loop out of sync., I0
value abnormal, and digital down converter fault. Besides, the alarms related to fans,
power amplifier and MLNA are also reported through MTRB.
V. Equipment reset
BMPB and MTRB in BTS3601C can be reset.
VI. Cell resource block/unblock
BTS3601C supports the block/unblock operation over cell resources, which has the
following three priority levels:
Low priority level: To be blocked once the resource is in idle status.
Medium priority level: To be blocked after the specified period of delay.
High priority level: To be blocked immediately.
VII. User management
This function is used to perform authentication and user information modification for
users logged in to the BTS through Telnet.
User authentication
User authentication is used to realize login control and authority control over the
users logged in to the BTS through Telnet. BTS3601C supports users of the system
level and of the guest level with corresponding operation authorities.
The user name for system level user is "system", and the initial password is "system".
The user name for guest level users is "guest", and the initial password is "guest".
User information modification
BTS3601C supports the modification of the password by the user through Telnet.
System level users can modify the passwords for both system level users and guest
level users, while the guest level users can modify only the passwords of their own.
To modify the password, the original password should be provided.
VIII. Fault handling
BTS will take corresponding measures upon BTS resource/board faults in order to
solve or avoid the problem. The faults for BTS3601C to handle include Boot Protocol
(BOOTP) failure and Abis signaling link disconnection.
BOOTP failure
After the startup of BTS3610C, BOOTP (cycle: 10s) will be conducted repeatedly until
it succeeds. After starting BOOTP for 5 minutes, if BTS3601C has not finished
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configuration and started, it will be reset; if BTS3601C is in test mode or finished
configuration, it will not be reset.
Abis signaling link disconnection
BTS sends a handshaking packet to BSC once a second. If no response is received
from BSC within 20 seconds, the system regards that Abis signaling link has been
disconnected. In this case, BTS3601C will shut down all the transceiver. If Abis
signaling link has disconnected continuous over 5 minutes, BTS3601C will reset itself.
IX. Power management
This function can be used to shut down the power of the whole BTS, either
permanently or temporary (The delay period can be set. For example, if it is set to 2
minutes, BTS will be powered on again 2 minutes later).
X. Environment alarm threshold management
This function includes the environment alarm threshold setting and query of MBPB
and of MTRB.
XI. MASU management
This function can be used to support MBPB-MASU communication and query MASU
board status.
3.5.4 Status Management
This function supports the active report of status, periodic report of status, board
status query, board special status query and interface status query.
When BTS3601C detects the change in physical resource status, it will send to OMC
the corresponding report. Such cases include: MTRB status change report received,
MBPB-MTRB communication link disconnected, MBPB alarm (of the major level or
above) generated or cleared as detected by MBPB itself or reported by MTRB.
I. Board status
MBPB statuses include:
Status type
Operation status
CSM chip status
Value range
Normal
Abnormal
Alarms generated on board
Board not mounted
Ok (normal)
Not Mounted
Error
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MTRB statuses include:
Status type
Value range
Enable (enabled)
Disable (disabled)
Degrade
Not Install (not installed)
Board Not Config (board not configured)
Block (blocked)
Unblock (unblocked)
Operation status
Administration status
II. Board special status
MBPB special statuses include:
Special status
type
Status name
Work mode
E1/T1 line select
E1/T1 impedance
E1/T1 State
Loop mode
Clk mode
E1/T1 link work state
Config state
UNI State
Work mode
Tx port status
Rx port status
UNI State
Port loop mode
UNI link work state
Bootp State
Bootp State
BTS IP Address
OMC IP Address
Clock state
Clk ref source
Value range and description
E1 Mode
T1 Mode
Optical Fiber (connected to BTS through MASU optical interface
via E1/T1)
Direct E1/T1 Line (connected to BTS via E1/T1 cable)
120 ohm
75 ohm
No Loop (normal operation mode)
Local Loop
Remote Loop
Payload Loop
Single Channel Loop
Master (master mode)
Slave (slave mode)
LOS alarm (E1/T1 signal lost alarm)
AIS alarm (E1/T1 alarm indication signal)
LFA (E1/T1 frame lost alarm)
LMFA (E1/T1 multi-frame lost alarm)
RRA (E1/T1 remote alarm)
Ok
Not Config (not configured)
Config (configured)
ATM_UNI (ATM UNI mode)
Active (activated)
Inactive (not activated)
Active (activated)
Inactive (not activated)
No Loop
Serial Loop
Upstream Loop
Downstream Loop
LCD alarm (cell delimitation alarm)
Ok (normal)
SUCCESS (success)
FAILURE (failure)
IP address of BTS (available only when BOOTP status is
"success")
IP address of OMC (available only when BOOTP status is
"success")
INBRDREF_CLK (board internal clock source)
EXTERNAL_CLK (external clock source)
INTERNAL_CLK (internal clock source)
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Special status
type
System Description
Chapter 3 System Function
Status name
Value range and description
K_161T (GPS/GLONASS card)
UTONCORE (GPS card)
GPS only
GLONASS only
GPS and GLONASS
The number of traced GPS satellites
Satellite card model
Satellite card work mode
Clock state
Clock state
Local cell
state
Heater Board
State
GPS Satellites traced
GLONASS Satellites
traced
Latitude
Longitude
Altitude
The number of traced GLONASS satellites
Latitude
Longitude
Altitude
Free (free run)
Search (phase adjust)
Search (frequency adjust)
Track (tracking)
Lock (locked)
keep (holdover)
The time offset based on Greenwich Mean Time
Local cell ID
Local sector ID
Carrier ID
Local Cell Unavailable
Local Cell Available
CCH-Setup (common channel already setup)
OH-Msg Updated (overhead message already updated)
Not Installed
Heating
Not Heating
PLL status
GMT offset
Local cell id
Local sector id
Carrier id
Local cell state
Heater Board State
MTRB special statuses include:
TRX Band Class
TRX ARFCN
TRX GAIN
TRX BLOCK FLAG
HOT BOARD STATUS
MTRB band
MTRB frequency point
MTRB fade gain (unit: dB)
MTRB block flag (1: blocked; 0: not blocked)
MTRB heating plate status
III. Interface status
BTS3601C interfaces include: Abis (to BSC), OML (to OMC), FTP (FTP interface),
Telnet 1 – 3 (to Telnet), TRXSIG 0 – 5 (to MTRB signaling link) and TRXOAM 0 – 5
(to MTRB O&M link).
The statuses of each interface include "connected" and "disconnected".
3.5.5 Tracing Management
I. Interface tracing
This function can be used to trace the messages on the specified interface for the
purpose of BTS debugging and fault locating. The interfaces can be traced include:
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Chapter 3 System Function
OML interface, Abis interface, MBPB-MTRB signaling interface and O&M interface.
II. Resource tracing
BTS3601C resource tracing management includes:
The management of MBPB CPU occupancy, board temperature, channel resource
and I0 (power spectrum density) value.
The management of MTRB CPU occupancy, board temperature, optical fiber delay
and transmit power.
3.5.6 Test Management
Test management is an important function of BTS maintenance. When a BTS fault
occurs, test is often needed to locate the problem. In the process of BTS operation, it
is also necessary to make regular tests to some items so as to monitor the
performance change of BTS.
BTS3601C provides powerful test functions, including:
I. Board loopback test
This test refers to the loopback test on MBPB-BTRB link, including the O&M link and
signaling link.
The control console determines the data and length of loopback. Loopback data are
sent from the control console, forwarded by OMU to the high layer of board software,
and looped back. Then OMU will make judgment whether the data are correct and
return the information to the control console.
II. E1/T1 loopback test
This function is used for the loopback test of E1/T1 link on Abis interface, including
three types: FARLP, RMT and PLD.
For FARLP test, the E1/T1 receiving end should be connected with the E1/T1
transmitting end manually at the remote side (BSC side). BTS3601C will send and
receive the test data.
When RMT and PLD are selected, the BTS will automatically loopback the E1/T1
cable at BTS side to facilitate the E1/T1 test on BSC. But, in RMT test, BTS will return
the data received from E1/T1 cable without processing it; While in PLD test, BTS will
process the data received from E1/T1 cable, discard the error data, and return only
the correct data.
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III. RSSI test
Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) test can help to judge whether BTS
receiving paths are operating normally.
3.6 Lightning Protection
3.6.1 Lightning Protection for Power Supply
As an all-whether outdoor BTS, BTS3601C features strong protection capability
against extreme temperature, rain, dust and lightning, and is adaptive to the power
supply of unstable voltage.
BTS3601C MAPM is designed to be lightning proof. However, when operating
together with the lightning protection box for power supply, the lightning proof effect
will be even more satisfactory.
BTS3601C must be installed together with the lightning protection box for power
supply to protect it from lightning strike when: (1) There are only AC interfaces
(outdoor environment); or (2) The power distribution system does not have all-round
protection mechanism (indoor environment).
BTS3601C uses the single phase lightning protection box SPD211SZ of AC power
supply. It is connected between the mains cable and the BTS input cable, and can
resist the surge current over 40kA. The phase voltage of local mains shall be 220VAC,
and working frequency 50Hz. The connection is shown in Figure 3-10.
The AC lightning protection box should be selected according to the actual situation
from the three types: 20kA, 40kA and 100kA.
Base station
Lightning
LEN protection LEN
box
Mains cable ~220V/50Hz
Figure 3-10 BTS AC power supply
The AC lightning protection box is a cube independent of the BTS equipment. This
feature makes it applicable to other BTS. The holes for cables are covered by
water-proof plastic, making installation convenient.
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Chapter 3 System Function
3.6.2 Lightning Protection for Trunk Line
Three kinds of trunk lines are supported in BTS3601C: 75Ù coaxial cable (E1/T1),
120Ù twisted pair (E1/T1) and optical fiber. Lightning protection is out of question if
optical fiber is used as the BTS is connected with fiber tail. For E1/T1 trunk line, the
lightning protection unit attached to MBPB provides the lightning protection.
Besides, this lightning protection unit provides the lightning protection for external
synchronization communication serial ports, external synchronization 1PPS port and
satellite receiving unit. For details, please refer to the introduction to MBPB structure
and principles in Section 2.2 of this module.
3.6.3 Lightning Protection for Antenna and Feeder System
The RF equipment of the BTS shall be placed within the protection range of the
lightning rod, which is the precondition to ensure the normal performance of BTS
lightning protection system.
I. Lightning protection for RF antenna and feeder
Antenna & feeder lightning protection is to protect against secondary lightning attack,
i.e. the inductive lightning. Inductive lightning means that the feeder receives
inductive current at the moment of lightning attack, which may cause damage to the
equipment.
Inductive lightning can be prevented effectively in three ways:
The feeder is grounded at least at three points. In actual implementation, the
number of grounding points depends on the length of the feeder.
The RF antenna & feeder part and MFEM are grounded through an internal path.
The lightning current induced by the antenna and feeder can be directly
discharged to the ground through the grounded point. Besides, the MFEM itself
features strong protection capability against lightning current, and can satisfy the
normal protection requirements without adding lightning protector.
Lightning rod protection. The lightning rod must be installed within the effective
range for the BTS when BTS is installed on the tower, in the open, or at a high
place. The protective range of the lightning arrester is shown in Figure 3-11.
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Chapter 3 System Function
Lightning rod
Grounding cable
cBTS3601C
BTS3601C
GND
Figure 3-11 Lightning protection of RF antenna & feeder
II. Lighting protection for dual-satellite synchronization antenna & feeder
GPS/GLONASS dual-satellite synchronization antenna & feeder should be under the
protection of the lightning arrester as shown in Figure 3-11.
Other lightning protection measures include:
Grounding of feeder at three points: In actual implementation, the number of
grounding points depends on the length of the feeder.
External lightning protector: In normal condition, a lightning arrester is connected
at antenna side and BTS equipment side respectively, so as to avoid the
possible damage to the BTS equipment and antenna caused by the lightning
current induced by feeder core.
Build-in lightning protection unit. The lightning protection unit on MBPB can
restrict the residual voltage from the lightning protector, so as to protect the
satellite receiver card.
3.7 Configuration and Networking
3.7.1 BTS Configuration
I. Cabinet configuration
The BTS3601C is of one-carrier configuration. Its main parts include MAPM, MBPM,
MTRM, MFEM and MPAM.
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Configuration of the BTS3601C cabinet is shown in Figure 3-12.
Heat-pipe radiator
Figure 3-12 BTS3601C configuration (AC power input)
As shown in the above configuration, slots 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 are configured with MAPM,
MBPM, MTRM, MFEM and MPAM respectively.
If only DC is available, an inverter should be installed to invert DC into the 220V AC.
II. Site configuration
Basic configuration
The basic configuration is one carrier for omni cell.
Other configuration
S (0.5/0.5) configuration: A 1-to-2 passive power splitter should be added on the
basis of the basic configuration. Besides, the omni antenna should be replaced with
two directional antennae to realize the directed coverage of the two sectors.
Cascading configuration: BTS3601C can realize the S(1/1) configuration by
cascading one ODU3601C, or realize S(1/1/1) by cascading two ODU3601Cs.
3.7.2 BTS Networking
BTS3601C supports multiple transmission networking modes, including star
networking, chain networking and ring networking.
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Chapter 3 System Function
The networking modes supported by the BTS3601C are relevant to the external
interfaces it provides. The BTS3601C provides two external STM-1 interfaces and
one external E1 interface.
When BTS3601C is connected to the transmission system via the STM-1 interface, it
can cascade the subordinate BTS via the other STM-1 interfaces or E1 interface.
When it is connected to the transmission system via the E1 interface, its STM-1
interface cannot serve to cascade the subordinate BTS.
I. Star networking
Start networking is as shown in Figure 3-13. In this mode, each BTS is directly
connected with BSC with an E1 trunk line.
BTS3601C
BSC
E1
BTS3601C
E1
E1
BTS3601C
Figure 3-13 BTS star networking
Star networking varies in transmission media and media networking. The following
are two star networking modes based on the existing SDH transmission system.
The BTS3601C is connected to the SDH transmission ring via the STM-1
interface and through transmission nodes, as shown in Figure 3-14.
The BTS3601C is connected to the SDH transmission ring via the E1 interface
and through transmission nodes, as shown in Figure 3-15.
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Chapter 3 System Function
BTS3601C
STM-1
BSC
STM-1
SDH
STM-1
BTS3601C
STM-1
BTS3601C
Figure 3-14 Star networking (connected to SDH transmission ring via STM-1 interface)
BTS3601C
E1
BSC
E1
SDH
E1
BTS3601C
E1
BTS3601C
Figure 3-15 Star networking (connected to SDH transmission ring via E1 interface)
II. Optical fiber chain networking
Optical fiber chain networking requires the support of SDH transmission system. The
BTS3601C is connected to the transmission system via the STM-1 interface, as
shown in Figure 3-16.
BSC
BTS3601C
STM-1
BTS3601C
STM-1
Figure 3-16 Chain networking
Since each BTS3601C obtains E1 from the transmission system via its own SDH155
optical interface board, and is logically connected to the BSC via its E1 link, optical
fiber chain networking is actually a kind of star networking.
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III. Optical fiber ring networking
The optical fiber ring networking differs from the optical fiber chain networking in that
all the BTSs are concatenated to an SDH155 ring in sequence, as shown in Figure
3-17.
Like the chain networking, the optical fiber ring networking can also be regarded as
star networking.
BTS3601C
BSC
BTS3601C
STM-1
SDH155
BTS3601C
Figure 3-17 Ring networking
IV. Cascading with ODU3601C
ODU3601C is usually cascaded with the master BTS in network implementation.
Different optical interface module allows different distances (10km or 70km) between
two cascaded BTSs. One BTS3601C can be cascaded with at most two ODU3601Cs,
and the cascading distance reaches 60km.
The networking is as shown inFigure 3-18.
BSC
BTS3601C
E1
ODU3601C
Optical fiber
ODU3601C
Optical fiber
Figure 3-18 Cascading with ODU3601C
V. Co-E1 networking with external DXC
BTS3601C supports co-E1 networking via the external Digital Cross-Connect
Equipment (DXC). Each BTS3601C is allocated with specific timeslots to save
transmission resources.
The co-E1 networking with external DXC is shown in Figure 3-19.
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BTS3601C
BSC
DXC
E1
BTS3601C
Figure 3-19 Co-E1 networking of the external DXC
VI. Co-transmission networking with GSM mini BTS
The BTS3601C supports co-transmission networking with the appropriate Huawei
GSM mini BTS (e.g. BTS3001C). When the BTS3601C and GSM mini BTS are
constructed at the same site, transmission resources can be shared and network
construction can be expedited.
Co-transmission networking generally requires BTSs of the first level be connected to
the SDH transmission system via the STM-1 interface. BTSs of the second and first
levels are directly connected via the E1 trunk cables.
Co-transmission networking with GSM mini BTS is shown in Figure 3-20.
BTS3601C
GSM BSC
GSM BTS
E1
M -1
ST
STM
-1
SDH155
CDMA BSC
-1
STM
STM
-1
GSM BTS
BTS3601C
E1
Figure 3-20 Co-transmission networking
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Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
Appendix A Performance of Receiver and
Transmitter
The performances of BTS receivers and transmitters comply with or surpass all the
specifications defined in the IS-97-D Recommended Minimum Performance Standards
for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Base Stations.
A.1 Performance of Receiver
A.1.1 Frequency Coverage
450MHz band: 450 - 460MHz
800MHz band: 824 - 849MHz
A.1.2 Access Probe Acquisition
The access probe failure rate under the reliability of 90% is below the maximum values
listed in Table A-1:
Table A-1 Access probe failure rate
Eb/N0 Per RF input point (dB)
Maximum failure rate
5.5
6.5
50%
10%
A.1.3 R-TCH Demodulation Performance
I. Performance of R-TCH in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)
The demodulation performance of the Reverse Traffic Channel in AWGN (no fading or
multipath) environment is determined by the frame error rate (FER) at specified Eb/N0
value. FER of 4 possible data rates should be calculated respectively. With 95%
confidence, the FER for each data rate does not exceed the two given FERs in Table
A-2 to Table A-9, which adopt the linear interpolation in the form of Log10(FER). Eb/N0
measurement value is decided by whichever is bigger of the Eb/N0 values in two RF
input ports.
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Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
Table A-2 Maximum FER of F-FCH or R-DCCH receiver in demodulation performance test under RC1
Data rate (bit/s)
9,600
4,800
2,400
1,200
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
3.0 @ 4.1dB
8.0 @ 4.1dB
23.0 @ 4.1dB
22.0 @ 4.1dB
0.2 @ 4.7dB
1.0 @ 4.7dB
5.0 @ 4.7dB
6.0 @ 4.7dB
Table A-3 Maximum FER of F-FCH or R-DCCH receiver in demodulation performance test under RC2
Data rate (bit/s)
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
5.0 @ 3.2dB
6.3 @ 3.2dB
5.8 @ 3.2dB
3.5 @ 3.2dB
0.2 @ 3.8dB
0.7 @ 3.2dB
1.0 @ 3.2dB
1.0 @ 3.2dB
Table A-4 Maximum FER of F-FCH or R-DCCH receiver in demodulation performance test under RC3
Data rate (bit/s)
9,600
4,800
2,700
1,500
FER limit (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
2.3% @ 2.4 dB
2.3% @ 3.8 dB
2.5% @ 5.0 dB
1.7% @ 7.0 dB
0.3% @ 3.0 dB
0.4% @ 4.4 dB
0.5% @ 5.6 dB
0.4% @ 7.6 dB
Table A-5 Maximum FER of R-SCH receiver in demodulation performance test under RC3
Data rate (bit/s)
19,200
38,400
76,800
153,600
307,200
FER limit (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
9% @ 1.7 dB
13% @ 1.4 dB
14% @ 1.3 dB
14% @ 1.3 dB
14% @ 1.8 dB
1.7% @ 2.3 dB
2.1% @ 2.0 dB
2.4% @ 1.9 dB
2.4% @ 1.9 dB
2.0% @ 2.4 dB
Table A-6 Maximum FER of R-SCH (Turbo Code) receiver in demodulation performance test under RC3
Data rate (bit/s)
19,200
38,400
76,800
153,600
307,200
FER limit (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
20% @ 0.6 dB
24% @ -0.1 dB
30% @ -0.5 dB
60% @ -0.9 dB
90% @ -0.3 dB
0.9% @ 1.2 dB
0.3% @ 0.5 dB
0.2% @ 0.1 dB
0.1% @ -0.3 dB
0.1% @ 0.3 dB
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Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
Table A-7 Maximum FER of F-FCH or R-DCCH receiver in demodulation performance test under RC4
Data rate (bit/s)
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
FER limit (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
2.4% @ 0.8 dB
2.4% @ 3.1 dB
1.7% @ 4.6 dB
1.6% @ 6.6 dB
0.3% @ 1.4 dB
0.4% @ 3.7 dB
0.3% @ 5.2 dB
0.5% @ 7.2 dB
Table A-8 Maximum FER of R-SCH receiver of demodulation performance test under RC4
Data rate (bit/s)
28,800
57,600
115,200
230,400
FER limit (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
10% @ 1.7 dB
12% @ 1.6 dB
14% @ 1.6 dB
12% @ 1.7 dB
1.9% @ 2.3 dB
1.7% @ 2.2 dB
2.0% @ 2.2 dB
1.7% @ 2.3 dB
Table A-9 Maximum FER of R-SCH (Turbo Code) receiver of demodulation performance test under RC4
Data rate (bit/s)
28,800
57,600
115,200
230,400
FER limit (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
27% @ 0.7 dB
28% @ 0.2 dB
60% @ -0.2 dB
33% @ -0.5 dB
0.5% @ 1.3 dB
0.2% @ 0.8 dB
0.1% @ 0.4 dB
0.1% @ 0.1 dB
II. R-TCH performance in multipath fading without closed-loop power control
The performance of the demodulation of the Reverse Traffic Channel in a multipath
fading environment is determined by the frame error rate (FER) at specified Eb/N0
value. FER of 4 possible data rates should be calculated respectively. With 95%
confidence, the FER for each data rate shall not exceed that given by linear
interpolation on a log10 (FER) scale between the two values given in Table A-13 and
Table A-14. And the test value of Eb/N0 assumes the average value of Eb/N0 in two RF
input ports. During the test, the reverse service channel Eb/ N0 of each RF input port
adopted is within the limits specified in Table A-12.
The configurations of standard channel simulator are given in Table A-10; and the
channel models of the R-TCH receiving performance test in multipath environment are
listed in Table A-11.
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Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
Table A-10 Standard channel simulator configuration
Standard
channel
Simulator
configuration
Speed
Number
of Paths
Path 2 power
(corresponds
to path 1)
Path 3 power
(corresponds
to path 1)
8km/h
25km/h
100km/h
0dB
N/A
0dB
N/A
N/A
-3dB
Deferring Deferring Deferring
path 1
path 2
path 3
input
input
input
0ls
0ls
0ls
2.0 ls
N/A
2.0 ls
N/A
N/A
14.5 ls
Table A-11 Channel models for the R-TCH receiving performance test
Case
Channel Simulator configurations
D2
2 (8 km/h, 2 paths)
3 (30 km/h, 1 path)
4 (100 km/h, 3 paths)
4 (100 km/h, 3 paths)
Table A-12 Eb/N0 limits of R-TCH without closed-loop power control
Rate configuration
RC1
RC2
Condition
D2
D2
Eb/N0 Limits (dB)
Lower limit
Upper limit
11.1
11.2
8.8
9.2
10.7
8.5
8.9
11.7
11.8
9.4
9.8
11.3
9.1
9.5
Table A-13 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-FCH or R-DCCH receiver under RC1
Case
D2
Data rate (bit/s)
9,600
4,800
2,400
1,200
9,600
4,800
2,400
1,200
9,600
4,800
2,400
1,200
9,600
4,800
2,400
1,200
A-4
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.4
2.5
2.0
1.6
2.6
6.4
5.6
0.9
1.6
4.2
4.1
0.8
0.9
1.2
0.9
0.7
0.9
1.7
1.4
0.6
1.2
3.4
3.5
0.3
0.7
2.3
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Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
Table A-14 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-FCH or R-DCCH receiver under RC2
Case
Data rate (bit/s)
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
D2
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
1.3
1.0
0.7
0.6
1.7
1.6
1.5
2.2
0.9
0.9
1.1
1.5
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.9
1.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.9
III. Performance in multipath fading with closed-loop power control
The performance of the demodulation of the Reverse Traffic Channel in a multipath
fading environment is determined by the frame error rate (FER) at specified Eb/N0
value. FER of 4 possible data rates needs to be calculated respectively. With 95%
confidence, the FER for each data rate shall not exceed that given by linear
interpolation on a log10 scale between the two values given in Table A-16 and 错 误
未找到引用源
. And the test value of Eb/N0 assumes the average value of Eb/N0
tested on the two RF input ports.
Table A-15 Channel models for the R-TCH receiving performance test
Condition
Number of Channel Simulator configurations
1 (3 km/h, 1 path)
2 (8 km/h, 2 paths)
3 (30 km/h, 1 path)
4 (100 km/h, 3 path)
Table A-16 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-FCH receiver under RC1
Condition
Data rate (bit/s)
9,600
4,800
2,400
1,200
9,600
4,800
2,400
1,200
A-5
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
2.8% @ 5.9 dB
7.6 @ 5.9 dB
23.0 @ 5.9 dB
22.0 @ 5.9 dB
1.5 @ 7.1 dB
8.0 @ 7.1 dB
18.0 @ 7.1 dB
16.0 @ 7.1 dB
0.3 @ 6.5 dB
2.2 @ 6.5 dB
12.0 @ 6.5 dB
14.0 @ 6.5 dB
0.7 @ 7.7 dB
4.8 @ 7.7 dB
13.0 @ 7.7 dB
12.0 @ 7.7 dB
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Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
Table A-17 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-FCH receiver under RC2
Case
Data rate (bit/s)
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
2.8 @ 5.2 dB
4.7 @ 5.2 dB
8.7 @ 5.2 dB
15.0 @ 5.2 dB
1.3 @ 7.7 dB
3.2 @ 7.7 dB
4.7 @ 7.7 dB
5.2 @ 7.7 dB
0.4 @ 5.8 dB
1.3 @ 5.8 dB
4.6 @ 5.8 dB
9.8 @ 5.8 dB
0.7 @ 8.3 dB
1.8 @ 8.3 dB
3.5 @ 8.3 dB
3.9 @ 8.3 dB
Table A-18 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-FCH or R-DCCH receiver under RC3
Case
Data rate (bit/s)
9,600 (20 ms)
4,800
2,700
1,500
9,600 (20 ms)
4,800
2,700
1,500
9,600 (20 ms)
4,800
2,700
1,500
9,600 (20 ms)
4,800
2,700
1,500
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
2.4% @ 3.4 dB
2.0% @ 4.4 dB
1.8% @ 5.6 dB
1.8% @ 7.2 dB
2.0% @ 3.9 dB
2.0% @ 4.9 dB
1.8% @ 6.1 dB
1.7% @ 7.8 dB
1.5% @ 5.2 dB
1.5% @ 6.1 dB
1.4% @ 7.2 dB
1.4% @ 8.8 dB
2.0% @ 4.7 dB
2.0% @ 5.7 dB
1.8% @ 6.9 dB
1.7% @ 8.5 dB
0.5% @ 4.0 dB
0.5% @ 5.0 dB
0.5% @ 6.2 dB
0.6% @ 7.8 dB
0.5% @ 4.5 dB
0.5% @ 5.5 dB
0.5% @ 6.7 dB
0.5% @ 8.4 dB
0.6% @ 5.8 dB
0.6% @ 6.7 dB
0.6% @ 7.8 dB
0.6% @ 9.4 dB
0.5% @ 5.3 dB
0.5% @ 6.3 dB
0.5% @ 7.5 dB
0.5% @ 9.1 dB
Table A-19 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-SCH (Turbo Code) receiver under RC3
Case
Data rate (bit/s)
307,200
153,600
76,800
38,400
19,200
A-6
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
10% @ 2.6 dB
10% @ 2.6 dB
10% @ 2.1 dB
9.0% @ 2.4 dB
9.0% @ 2.8 dB
2.0% @ 3.2 dB
2.0% @ 3.2 dB
2.4% @ 2.7 dB
2.4% @ 3.0 dB
2.5% @ 3.4 dB
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
System Description
Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
Table A-20 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-SCH (Turbo Code) receiver under RC3
Case
Data rate (bit/s)
307,200
153,600
76,800
38,400
19,200
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
15% @ 0.8 dB
12% @ 0.2 dB
10% @ 0.7 dB
10% @ 1.3 dB
10% @ 2.1 dB
1.8% @ 1.4 dB
2.0% @ 0.8 dB
2.0% @ 1.3 dB
2.0% @ 1.9 dB
2.5% @ 2.7 dB
Table A-21 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-FCH or R-DCCH receiver under RC4
Case
Data rate (bit/s)
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
14,400
7,200
3600
1,800
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
2.2% @ 3.2 dB
1.9% @ 3.9 dB
1.9% @ 5.1 dB
1.8% @ 7.0 dB
2.0% @ 3.8 dB
2.0% @ 4.3 dB
1.8% @ 5.6 dB
1.8% @ 7.5 dB
1.6% @ 5.1 dB
1.7% @ 5.6 dB
1.5% @ 6.7 dB
1.6% @ 8.4 dB
2.0% @ 4.6 dB
2.0% @ 5.1 dB
1.9% @ 6.3 dB
1.8% @ 8.1 dB
0.4% @ 3.8 dB
0.4% @ 4.5 dB
0.5% @ 5.7 dB
0.5% @ 7.6 dB
0.4% @ 4.4 dB
0.5% @ 4.9 dB
0.5% @ 6.2 dB
0.5% @ 8.1 dB
0.6% @ 5.7 dB
0.7% @ 6.2 dB
0.6% @ 7.3 dB
0.7% @ 9 dB
0.5% @ 5.2 dB
0.5% @ 5.7 dB
0.5% @ 6.9 dB
0.6% @ 8.7 dB
Table A-22 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-SCH(Turbo Code) receiver under RC4
Case
Data rate (bit/s)
230,400
115,200
57,600
28,800
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
10% @ 2.4 dB
9.0% @ 2.5 dB
9.0% @ 2.6 dB
7.5% @ 2.8 dB
1.4% @ 3.0 dB
2.3% @ 3.1 dB
2.2% @ 3.2 dB
2.5% @ 3.4 dB
Table A-23 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-SCH (Turbo Code) receiver under
RC4
Case
Data rate
FER limits (%)
(bit/s)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
230,400
115,200
57,600
28,800
10% @ 1.1 dB
10% @ 1.0 dB
11% @ 1.5 dB
10% @ 2.1 dB
2.0% @ 1.7 dB
1.5% @ 1.7 dB
1.8% @ 2.1 dB
2.0% @ 2.7 dB
A-7
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
System Description
Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
A.1.4 Receiving Performance
I. Sensitivity
450MHz band:
The R-TCH FER shall be <1.0% with 95% confidence when -127dBm/1.23MHz CDMA
RC3 signal level is inputted at BTS RF main and diversity input ports.
800MHz band:
The R-TCH FER shall be <1.0% with 95% confidence when -128dBm/1.23MHz CDMA
RC3 signal level is inputted at BTS RF main and diversity input ports.
II. Receiver dynamic range
450MHz band:
The
R-TCH
FER
shall
be
1.0%
or
less
with
95%
confidence
when
-127dBm/1.23MHz~-65dBm/1.23MHz CDMA signal level is inputted at BTS RF main
and diversity input ports.
800MHz band:
The R-TCH FER shall be 1.0% or less with 95% confidence when
-128dBm/1.23MHz~-65dBm/1.23MHz CDMA signal level is inputted at BTS RF main
and diversity input ports.
III. Single-tone desensitization
450MHz band:
Input the single-tone interference deviated from the center frequency at the BTS RF
input port: when the single-tone interference deviates from the center frequency 900
kHz and 900 kHz, the input single-tone interference power is 87dB higher than the
output power of the mobile station simulator. When R-TCH FER maintains <1.5%, the
output power of mobile station simulator changes less than 3dB whether there is
single-tone interference or not.
800MHz band:
Input the single-tone interference deviated from the center frequency at the BTS RF
input port: when the single-tone interference deviates from the center frequency about
+750kHz and -750kHz, the input single-tone interference power is 50dB higher than the
output power of the mobile station simulator; when the single-tone interference
deviates from the center frequency +900kHz and -900kHz, the input single-tone
interference power is 87dB higher than the output power of the mobile station simulator.
A-8
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iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
System Description
Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
When R-TCH FER maintains <1.5%, the output power of mobile station simulator
changes less than 3dB whether there is single-tone interference or not.
IV. Intermodulation spurious response attenuation
Input two single-tone interference of center frequency at the BTS RF input port: both
deviate from the center frequency 900 kHz and 1700 kHz respectively, and 900 kHz
and 1700 kHz respectively, the input single-tone interference power is 72dB higher than
the output power of the mobile station simulator. When R-TCH FER keeps <1.5%, the
output power of the mobile station simulator changes less than 3dB whether there are
two single-tone interference or no interference.
V. Adjacent channel selectivity
The output power of the mobile station simulator shall increase by no more than 3 dB
and the FER shall be less than 1.5% with 95% confidence.
A.1.5 Limitation on Emission
I. Conducted spurious emission
At BTS RF input port, the conducted spurious emissions within the BTS receiving
frequency range is <-80dBm/30kHz.
At BTS RF input port, the conducted spurious emissions within the transmitting
frequency range is <-60dBm/30kHz.
At BTS RF input port, the conducted spurious emissions within other frequency range
of 0~6GHz is <-47dBm/30kHz.
II. Radiated spurious emission
The radiated spurious emission is in compliant with local radio specifications.
A.1.6 RSQI
Received Signal Quality Indicator (RSQI) is defined as the signal-to-noise ratio Eb/N0,
where Eb is the energy per bit including the pilot and power control overhead and N0 is
the total received noise-pulse-interference power in the CDMA bandwidth including the
interference from other subscribers. The RSQI report values are list in. Table A-24
Table A-24 RSQI range
Eb/N0 (dB) per input port
Minimum acceptable report value
Maximum acceptable report value
10
12
18
20
A-9
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
System Description
Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
Eb/N0 (dB) per input port
Minimum acceptable report value
Maximum acceptable report value
10
11
12
13
14
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
A.2 Performance of Transmitter
A.2.1 Frequency Requirement
I. Frequency coverage
450MHz band: 460 - 470MHz
800MHz band: 869 - 894MHz
II. Frequency tolerance
Within the working temperature range, the average difference between the actual
carrier frequency of CDMA transmit sector and the carrier frequency of the dedicated
transmit sector is less than !5%10-8(!0.05ppm) of the designated frequency.
A.2.2 Modulation Requirement
I. Synchronization and timing
Time tolerance for pilot frequency: The pilot time alignment error should be less than 3
ls and shall be less than 10 ls. For base stations supporting multiple simultaneous
CDMA Channels, the pilot time tolerance of all CDMA Channels radiated by a base
station shall be within ±1 ls of each other.
Time tolerance of pilot channel and other code-division channels: in the same CDMA
channel, time error between the pilot channel and other forwarding code-division
channels is  4.00 MHz
(ITU Class A Requirement)
Spurious requirement
-45 dBc / 30 kHz
-60 dBc / 30 kHz; Pout ¦ 33 dBm
-27 dBm / 30 kHz; 28 dBm Ÿ Pout < 33 dBm
-55 dBc / 30 kHz; Pout < 28 dBm
-13 dBm / 1 kHz;
9 kHz < f < 150 kHz
-13 dBm / 10 kHz;
150 kHz < f < 30 MHz
-13 dBm/100 kHz;
30 MHz < f < 1 GHz
-13 dBm / 1 MHz;
1 GHz < f < 5 GHz
A-11
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
System Description
Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
Offset from carrier central frequency
> 4.00 MHz
(ITU Class B Requirement)
Spurious requirement
-36 dBm / 1 kHz;
-36 dBm / 10 kHz;
-36 dBm/100 kHz;
-30 dBm / 1 MHz;
9 kHz < f < 150 kHz
150 kHz < f < 30 MHz
30 MHz < f < 1 GHz
1 GHz < f < 12.5 GHz
II. Radiated spurious emission
The radiated spurious emission complies with local radio specifications.
A-12
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
System Description
Appendix B EMC Performance
Appendix B EMC Performance
ETSI EN 300 386 Electromagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM);
Telecommunication network Equipment. ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Requirements are the EMC standards of telecommunication equipment globally
applicable. EMC Performance of BTS complies with ETSI EN 300 386 V1.2.1
(2000-03). They are described in two aspects: EMI (EelectroMagnetic Interference)
and EMS (ElectroMagnetic Sensitivity).
B.1 EMI Performance
I. Conductive Emission (CE) at DC input/output port
CE performance indices are listed in Table B-1.
Table B-1 CE index at -48V port
Threshold (dB l V)
Frequency range
Average
Quasi-peak
56~46
46
50
66~56
56
60
0.15 ~ 0.5MHz
0.5 ~ 5MHz
5 ~ 30MHz
II. Radiated Emission (RE)
RE performance indices are listed in Table B-2.
Table B-2 RE performance requirement
Band (MHz)
Threshold of quasi-peak (dB l V/m)
30 ~ 1,000
1,000 ~ 12,700
61.5
67.5
& Note:
Test place is arranged according to ITU-R 329-7 [1].
B-1
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
System Description
Appendix B EMC Performance
B.2 EMS Performance
I. R-F anti-electromagnetic interference (80MHz~1000MHz)
Values of RF anti-EMI test are listed in Table B-3.
Table B-3 Values of RF anti-EMI test
Test port
Test level
Performance class
Whole cabinet
3V/m
& Note:
Test method is the same as IEC1000-4-3 [9].
II. Voltage drop anti-interference
Among all test items of EMS, the requirement for resisting continuous interference test
is class A and the requirement for resisting transient interference test is class B.
Requirement for power drop and level interruption is shown in Table B-4.
Table B-4 Requirement for power drop and level interruption
Test port
Test level
Performance class
Drop 30%
Last for 10ms
AC port
When there is backup power, A
When there is no backup power, the communication link
need not be maintained. It can be re-created and the user
data can be lost.
When there is backup power, A
When there is no backup power, the communication link
need not be maintained. It can be re-created and the user
data can be lost.
Drop 60%
Last for 100ms
Drop over95%
Last for 5000ms
& Note:
Test method is the same as IEC61000-4-11 [13].
III. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
Requirement for ESD test level is shown in Table B-5.
B-2
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
System Description
Appendix B EMC Performance
Table B-5 Requirement for ESD test level
Discharge mode
Test level
Performance class
Contact
Air
2kV, 4kV
2kV, 4kV, 8kV
& Note:
1. Test method is the same as IEC 61000-4-2 [5].
2. ESD should be performed to all exposed surface of equipment to be tested except those to be protected
as required by the user's document.
IV. RF conductive anti-interference
In CDMA equipment, the port where a cable of more than 1 meter may be connected to,
including control port, DC input/output port and the input/output port of the connection
line when cabinets are combined, should satisfy the requirement for RF conductive
anti-interference. Voltage level is shown in Table B-6.
Table B-6 Voltage level
Test port
DC line port
AC line port
Signal line port and control line port
Voltage level
Performance class
3V
& Note:
Test method is the same as IEC61000-4-6 [9].
V. Surge
For CDMA equipment, the DC power input port, indoor signal line of more than 3 m,
control line (such as E1 trunk line, serial port line) and the cable that may be led out to
the outdoor should all satisfy the requirement for surge interference level. The test level
is shown in Table B-7.
Table B-7 Test level
Test port
AC port
Test level
Line~line, 2kV
Line~ground, 4kV
B-3
Performance class
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
System Description
Appendix B EMC Performance
Test port
Control line, signal line
Control line, signal line (outdoor)
Test level
Performance class
Line~line, 0.5kV
Line~ground, 1kV
Line~line, 1kV
Line~ground, 2kV
& Note:
The test method is the same as IEC61000-4-5 [11].
VI. Common-mode fast transient pulse
The signal and data lines between CDMA cabinets and that connected with other
systems (such as E1 trunk line), control line and cable connected to DC input/output
port, should be the requirement for fast transient pulse anti-interference level. The
threshold value is shown in Table B-8.
Table B-8 Threshold value
Test port
Signal control line port
DC line input/output port
AC line input port
Test level
Performance class
0.5kV
1kV
2kV
& Note:
Performance class A: it means that BTS can withstand the test without any damage and it can run normally
in the specified range. There is not any change in the software or data (all data in the storage or the data
being processed) related to the tested switching equipment. Equipment performance is not lowered.
Performance class B: it means that BTS can withstand the test without any damage. There is no change in
the software or the data in storage. Communication performance is lowered a little, but in the tolerance (as
defined for different products). The existing communication link is not interrupted. After the test, the
equipment can recover to the normal status before the test automatically without any interference of the
operator.
Performance class C: some functions of BTS are lost temporarily during the test, but they will recover to
normal performance in a specific period after the test (normally the shortest time needed for system
reboot). There is no physical damage or system software deterioration.
Performance class R: after the test, there is no physical damage or fault (including software corruption)
with BTS. Protection equipment damage caused by external interference signal is acceptable. When the
protection equipment is replaced and the running parameters are re-configured, the equipment can
operate normally.
B-4
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
System Description
Appendix C Environment Requirement
Appendix C Environment Requirement
BTS3601C environment requirements involve storage, transportation, and operation
environments. These requirements are specified based on the following standards:
ETS 300019 Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment
IEC 60721 Classification of environmental conditions
C.1 Storage Environment
I. Climate environment
Table C-1 Requirements on climate environment
Item
Altitude
Air pressure
Temperature
Temperature change rate
Relative humidity
Solar radiation
Thermal radiation
Wind speed
Rain
Range
Ÿ5000m
70kPa~106kPa
-40~+70 Celsius degree
Ÿ1 Celsius degree/min
10%~100%
Ÿ1120W/s²
Ÿ600W/s²
Ÿ30m/s
Drippings
II. Biotic environment
No microorganism like fungal or mould multiplied around or inside.
Free from the attack of rodential animals (such as rats).
III. Air cleanness
No explosive, electrically/magnetically conductive, or corrosive particles around.
The density of physical active substances shall meet the requirements listed in
Table C-2.
Table C-2 Requirements on the density of physical active substances
Physical active substance
Suspending dust
Falling dust
Sands
Note:
Suspending dust: diameter Ÿ75lm
Falling dust: 75lm ŸdiameterŸ150lm
Sands: 150lm ŸdiameterŸ1,000lm
Unit
mg/m³
mg/m²·h
mg/m³
C-1
Content
Ÿ5.00
Ÿ20.0
Ÿ300
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
System Description
Appendix C Environment Requirement
The density of chemical active substances shall meet the requirements listed in
Table C-3.
Table C-3 Requirements on the density of chemical active substances
Chemical active substance
Unit
Content
SO 2
H2 S
NO2
NH3
Cl2
HCl
HF
O3
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
Ÿ0.30
Ÿ0.10
Ÿ0.50
Ÿ1.00
Ÿ0.10
Ÿ0.10
Ÿ0.01
Ÿ0.05
IV. Mechanical stress
Table C-4 Requirements on mechanical stress
Item
Sub-item
Displacement
Acceleration
Frequency range
Impact response
spectrum II
Static load capability
Sinusoidal vibration
Unsteady impact
Range
Ÿ7.0mm
2~9Hz
Ÿ20.0m/s²
9~200Hz
Ÿ250m/s²
Ÿ5kPa
Note:
Impact response spectrum: The max. acceleration response curve generated by the equipment under the
specified impact excitation. Impact response spectrum II indicates that the duration of semi sinusoidal impact
response spectrum is 6ms.
Static load capability: The capability of the equipment in package to bear the pressure from the top in normal
pile-up method.
C.2 Transportation Environment
I. Climate environment
Table C-5 Requirements on climate environment
Item
Altitude
Air pressure
Temperature
Temperature change rate
Relative humidity
Solar radiation
Thermal radiation
Wind speed
Range
Ÿ5,000m
70kPa~106kPa
-40~+70 Celsius degree
Ÿ3 Celsius degree/min
10%~100%
Ÿ1,120W/s²
Ÿ600W/s²
Ÿ30m/s
C-2
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iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
System Description
Appendix C Environment Requirement
II. Biotic environment
No microorganism like fungal or mould multiplied around or inside.
Free from the attack of rodential animals (such as rats).
III. Air cleanness
No explosive, electrically/magnetically conductive, or corrosive particles around.
The density of physical active substances shall meet the requirements listed in
Table C-6.
Table C-6 Requirements on the density of physical active substances
Physical active substance
Suspending dust
Falling dust
Sands
Note:
Suspending dust: diameter Ÿ75lm
Falling dust: 75lm ŸdiameterŸ150lm
Sands: 150lm ŸdiameterŸ1,000lm
Unit
Content
mg/m³
mg/m²·h
mg/m³
No requirement
Ÿ3.0
Ÿ100
The density of chemical active substances shall meet the requirements listed in
Table C-7.
Table C-7 Requirements on the density of chemical active substances
Chemical active substance
Unit
Content
SO 2
H2 S
NO2
NH3
Cl2
HCl
HF
O3
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
Ÿ0.30
Ÿ0.10
Ÿ0.50
Ÿ1.00
Ÿ0.10
Ÿ0.10
Ÿ0.01
Ÿ0.05
IV. Mechanical stress
Table C-8 Requirements on mechanical stress
Item
Sinusoidal
vibration
Random vibration
Unsteady impact
Sub-item
Range
Displacement
Acceleration
Frequency range
Acceleration spectrum density
Frequency range
Impact response spectrum II
Static load capability
C-3
Ÿ7.5mm
2~9Hz
10m²/s³
2~9Hz
Ÿ300m/s²
Ÿ10kPa
Ÿ20.0m/s²
9~200Hz
3m²/s³
9~200Hz
Ÿ40.0m/s²
200~500Hz
1m²/s³
200~500Hz
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
Item
System Description
Appendix C Environment Requirement
Sub-item
Range
Note:
Impact response spectrum: The max. acceleration response curve generated by the equipment under the
specified impact excitation. Impact response spectrum II indicates that the duration of semi sinusoidal impact
response spectrum is 6ms.
Static load capability: The capability of the equipment in package to bear the pressure from the top in normal
pile-up method.
C.3 Operation Environment
I. Climate environment
Table C-9 Requirements on temperature and humidity
Product
Temperature
Relative humidity
BTS3601C
-40~+55 Celsius degree
5%~100%
Note:
The measurement point of temperature and humidity is 2 m above the floor and 0.4 m in front of the equipment,
when there are no protective panels in front of and behind the cabinet.
Table C-10 Requirements on other climate environment
Item
Range
Altitude
Air pressure
Temperature change rate
Solar radiation
Rain
Wind speed
Ÿ4000m
70kPa~106kPa
Ÿ5 Celsius degree/min
Ÿ1120W/m²
Ÿ12.5L/min!０．６２５ L/min (IPX5)
Ÿ50m/s
II. Biotic environment
No microorganism like fungal or mould multiplied around or inside.
Free from the attack of rodential animals (such as rats).
III. Air cleanness
No explosive, electrically/magnetically conductive, or corrosive particles around.
The density of physical active substances shall meet the requirements listed in
Table C-11.
Table C-11 Requirements on the density of physical active substances
Physical active substance
Suspending dust
Falling dust
Sands
Unit
mg/m³
mg/m²·h
mg/m³
C-4
Content
Ÿ5
Ÿ20
Ÿ300
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
Physical active substance
System Description
Appendix C Environment Requirement
Unit
Content
Note:
Suspending dust: diameter Ÿ75lm
Falling dust: 75lm ŸdiameterŸ150lm
Sands: 150lm ŸdiameterŸ1,000lm
The density of chemical active substances shall meet the requirements listed in
Table C-12.
Table C-12 Requirements on the density of chemical active substances
Chemical active substance
Unit
Content
SO 2
H2 S
NH3
Cl2
HCl
HF
O3
NOx
Soft mist
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
Ÿ0.30
Ÿ0.10
Ÿ1.00
Ÿ0.10
Ÿ0.10
Ÿ0.01
Ÿ0.05
Ÿ0.05
Yes
IV. Mechanical stress
Table C-13 Requirements on mechanical stress
Item
Sinusoidal vibration
Unsteady impact
Sub-item
Displacement
Acceleration
Frequency range
Impact response
spectrum II
Static load capability
Range
Ÿ3.5mm
2~9Hz
Ÿ10.0m/s²
9~200Hz
Ÿ100m/s²
Note:
Impact response spectrum: The max. acceleration response curve generated by the equipment under the specified
impact excitation. Impact response spectrum II indicates that the duration of semi sinusoidal impact response
spectrum is 6ms.
Static load capability: The capability of the equipment in package to bear the pressure from the top in normal pile-up
method.
C-5
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
System Description
Appendix E Standard Compliance
Appendix E Standard Compliance
E.1 General Technical Specification
TIA/EIA-97-D: Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for Base Stations
Supporting Dual-mode Spread Spectrum Mobile Stations
General Technical Requirements: FEDERAL IMT-MC (CDMA 2000) CELLULAR
MOBILE SYSTEM OPERATING IN BAND 450 MHZ
E.2 Um Interface
I. Physical layer
TIA/EIA IS-2000-2-A: Physical Layer Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum
Systems
II. MAC layer
TIA/EIA IS-2000-3-A: Medium Access Control (MAC) Standard for cdma2000 Spread
Spectrum Systems
III. Service capability
TSB2000: Capabilities Requirements Mapping for cdma2000 standards
E.3 Abis Interface
I. Physical layer
E1 interface
E1 Physical Interface Specification, September 1996
SDH STM-1
ANSI T1.101: Synchronization Interface Standard
ITU-T G.707: (3/96) Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy
(SDH)
ITU-T G.703: (10/98) Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces
E-1
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System Description
Appendix E Standard Compliance
ITU-T G.957: Optical interface for equipment and systems relating to the synchronous
digital hierarchy
ITU-T G.958: Digital line systems based on the synchronous digital hierarchy for use on
optical fiber cables
ATM
AF-PHY-0086.001: Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) Specification Version 1.1
ATM Forum af-phy-0064.000
ATM Forum af-phy-0130.000
ATM on Fractional E1/T1, October 1999
II. ATM layer
ANSI T1.627-1993: Telecommunications broadband ISDN-ATM Layer Functionality
and specification
III. ATM adaptation layer
ITU-T recommendation I.366.2: B-ISDN ATM Adaptation Layer Type 2 Specification
ITU-T I.363.5: B-ISDN ATM Adaptation Layer 5 Specification: Type 5 AAL
IV. TCP/IP
RFC791: Internet Protocol
RFC793: Transport Control Protocol
V. Abis interface high layer protocol
3GPP2 A.R0003: Abis interface technical report for cdma2000 1X Spread Spectrum
System
VI. Self-defined standard
cdma2000 1X Abis Interface High Layer Protocol
E.4 Lightning Protection
IEC 61312-1(1995) Protection Against Lightning Electromagnetic Impulse Part I:
General Principles
IEC 61643-1(1998) Surge Protective devices connected to low-voltage power
distribution systems
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Appendix E Standard Compliance
ITU-T K.11 (1993) Principles of Protection Against Over-voltage and Over-current.
ITU-T K.27 (1996) Bonding Configurations and Earthing Inside a Telecommunication
Building
ETS
300
253(1995)
Equipment
Engineering;
Earthing
and
bonding
of
telecommunication equipment in telecommunication centers
E.5 Safety
IEC60950 Safety of information technology equipment including Electrical Business
Equipment
IEC60215 Safety requirement for radio transmitting equipment
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 1-M94 Audio, Video and Similar Electronic Equipment
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 950-95 Safety of Information Technology Equipment Including
Electrical Business Equipment.
UL 1419 Standard for Professional Video and Audio Equipment
73/23/EEC Low Voltage Directive
UL 1950 Safety of information technology equipment including Electrical Business
Equipment
IEC60529 Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP Code).
GOST 30631-99. General Requirements to machines, instruments and other industrial
articles on stability to external mechanical impacts while operating;
GOST R 50829-95. Safety of radio stations, radio electronic equipment using
transceivers and their components. The general requirements and test methods;
GOST 12.2.007.0-75. Electrotechnical devices. The general safety requirements.
E.6 EMC
TS 25.105; 3rd Generation Partnership Project; TSG RAN WG4; UTRA (BS) TDD;
Radio transmission and reception89/336/EEC EMC directive Council directive of 3 May
1989 on approximation of laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic
compatibility;
CISPR 22 (1997): "Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance
characteristics of information technology equipment";
E-3
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Appendix E Standard Compliance
IEC 61000-6-1: 1997; "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
standards
Part 6: Generic
Section 1: Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial
environments";
IEC 61000-6-3: 1996; "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
Part 6: Generic
standards Section 3: mission standard for residential, commercial and light industrial
environments";
IEC 61000-3-2 (1995): "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3: Limits
Section
2: Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current = 16 A) ";
IEC 61000-3-3 (1995): "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3: Limits
Section
3: Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage supply systems for
equipment with rated current = 16 A"
IEC 61000-4-2 (1995): " Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test";
IEC 61000-4-3 (1995): " Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques
Section 3: Radiated, radio-frequency electromagnetic field
immunity test";
IEC 61000-4-4 (1995): " Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques
Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test";
IEC 61000-4-5 (1995): " Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques Section 5: Surge immunity test";
IEC 61000-4-6 (1996): " Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques
Section 6: Immunity to contacted disturbances, induced by
radio frequency fields";
IEC 61000-4-11 (1994): " Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques
Section 11: Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage
variations. Immunity tests";
ITU-T Recommendation K.20, Resistibility of Telecommunication Switching Equipment
to Overvoltages and Overcurrents;
CFR 47, FCC Part 15－Radio Frequency Device;
TS 25.113v3.1.0, 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group
Radio Access Networks; Base station EMC;
ITU-R Rec. SM.329-7: "Spurious emissions";
GOST R 51318.22-99: Electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment.
Man-made noise from informational equipment. Limits and test methods;
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Appendix E Standard Compliance
GOST 30429-96. "Electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment. Man-made
noise from equipment and apparatus used together with service receiver systems of
civil application. Limits and Test methods.
E.7 Environment
IEC 60529 "Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)"
IEC 60721－3－1"Classification of environmental conditions- Part3: Classification of
groups of environmental parameters and their severities-Section 1: Storage";
IEC 60721－3－2"Classification of environmental conditions- Part3: Classification of
groups of environmental parameters and their severities-Section 2: Transportation";
IEC 60721-3-3 (1994) "Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3:
Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 3:
Stationary use at weather protected locations";
IEC 60721-3-4 (1995): "Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3:
Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 4:
Stationary use at non-weather protected locations";
ETS 300 019－2－1 "Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part2-1, Specification of
environmental tests Storage";
ETS 300 019－2－2 "Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part2-2, Specification of
environmental tests Transportation";
ETS 300 019－2－3 "Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part2-3, Specification of
environmental tests Transportation Stationary use at weather-protected locations";
ETS 300 019－2-3 "Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part2-3, Specification of
environmental tests Transportation Stationary use at non-weather-protected locations";
IEC 60068-2-1 (1990): "Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests. Tests A: Cold";
IEC 60068-2-2 (1974): "Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests. Tests B: Dry heat";
IEC 60068-2-6 (1995): "Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Test Fc: Vibration
(sinusoidal)".
GOST 15150-69: Machines, instruments and other industrial articles. Applications for
different climatic regions. Categories, operating, storage and transportation conditions
in compliance with the environmental factors";
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Appendix E Standard Compliance
GOST 23088-80. "Electronic equipment. Requirements to packing and transportation
and test methods".
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Appendix F Abbreviation
Appendix F Abbreviation
F.1 Abbreviation of Modules
MAPM
MASU
MBBP
MBKP
MBPB
MBPM
MDPM
MFEM
MLNA
MMCB
MPAU
MPAM
MRDU
MSPB
MTRB
MTRM
Micro-bts Ac-dc Power supply Module
Micro-bts Access SDH Unit
Micro-bts Baseband Backplane
Micro-bts Backplane
Micro-bts Base-band Processing Board
Micro-bts Base-band Processing Module
Micro-bts Dc-dc Power supply Module
Micro-bts Radio Frequency Front End Module
Micro-bts Low-Noise Amplifier
Micro-bts Monitor & Control Board
Micro-bts Power Amplifier Unit
Micro-bts Power Amplifier Module
Micro-bts Divide And Duplexer Receive Filter Unit
Micro-bts E1 Surge Protector Board
Micro-bts Transceiver Board
Micro-bts Transceiver Module
F.2 Glossary
3GPP2
A1/A2/A5
A3/A7
A8/A9
A10/A11
AAA
AAL2
AAL5
Abis
AC
A/D
ADC
ANSI
ARQ
ATM
AUC
3rd Generation Partnership Project 2
Availability
BAM
BPSK
BS
BSC
BSS
BTS
Back Administration Module
Binary Phase Shift Keying
Base Station
Base Station Controller
Base Station Subsystem
Base Transceiver Station
CCITT
CDMA
CEs
CLI
CLK
CM
International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee
Code Division Multiple Access
Channel Elements
Command Line Interpreter
Clock
Connection Management
Authorization, Authentication and Accounting
ATM Adaptation Layer 2
ATM Adaptation Layer 5
Authentication Center
Analog/Digit
Analog Digit Converter
American National Standards Institute
Automatic Repeat Request
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Authentication
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Appendix F Abbreviation
CN
CTC
Core Network
Common Transmit Clock
D/A
DAC
DAGC
DC
DCE
Digit/Analog
Digit Analog Converter
Digit Automatic Gain Control
Direct Current
Data Communications Equipment
EIA
EIB
EIR
EMC
EMI
Electronics Industry Association
Erasure Indicator Bit
Equipment Identity Register
Electro Magnetic Compatibility
Electro Magnetic Interference
FA
F-APICH
F-ATDPICH
F-BCH
FCACH
F-CCCH
F-CPCCH
F-DCCH
FER
F-FCH
F-PCH
F-PICH
F-QPCH
F-SCCH
F-SCH
F-SYNCH
F-TCH
F-TDPICH
FTP
Foreign Agent
Forward Assistant Pilot Channel
Forward Transmit Diversity Assistant Pilot Channel
Forward Broadcast Channel
Forward Common Assignment Channel
Forward Common Control Channel
Forward Common Power Control Channel
Forward Dedicated Control Channel
Frame Error Rate
Forward Fundamental Channel
Forward Paging Channel
Forward Pilot Channel
Forward Quick Paging Channel
Forward Supplemental Code Channel
Forward Supplemental Channel
Forward Sync Channel
Forward Traffic Channel
Forward Transmit Diversity Pilot Channel
File Transfer Protocol
GLONASS
GMSC
GPS
GRIL
GUI
Global Navigation Satellite System
Gateway Mobile-services Switching Centre
Global Positioning System
GPS/GLONASS Receiver Interface Language
Graphics User Interface
HA
HDLC
HLR
HPAU
HPSK
ICP
IF
IMA
IP
IPOA
ISDN
ITC
ITU
ITU-T
IWF
Home Agent
High level Data Link Control
Home Location Register
High Power Amplifier Unit
Hybrid Phase Shift Keying
IMA Control Protocol
Intermediate Frequency
Inverse Multiplexing for ATM
Internet Protocol
IP over ATM
Integrated Services Digital Network
Independent Transmit Clock
International Telecommunications Union
ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector
Interworking Function
LAC
LMF
LNA
Link Access Control
Local Maintenance Function
Low-Noise Amplifier
MAC
MML
Modem
Medium Access Control
Man-Machine Language
Modulator-Demodulator
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Appendix F Abbreviation
MPU
MS
MSC
MTBF
MTTR
Micro Process Unit
Mobile Station
Mobile Switching Center
Mean Time Between Failures
Mean Time To Repair
NID
Network Identification
OAM
OCXO
OEM
OMC
OML
OMU
OQPSK
OTD
Operation, Administration and Maintenance
Oven voltage Control Oscillator
Original Equipment Manufacturer
Operation & Maintenance Center
Operation & Maintenance Link
Operation & Maintenance Unit
Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Orthogonal Transmit Diversity
PCF
PDSN
PGND
PLMN
PN
PSPDN
PSTN
PSU
PVC
PVP
PWM
Packet Control Function
Packet Data Service Node
Protection Ground
Public Land Mobile Network
Pseudo Noise
Packet Switched Public Data Network
Public Switched Telephone Network
Power Supply Unit
Permanent Virtual Channel
Permanent Virtual Path
Pulse-Width Modulation
QIB
QoS
QPSK
Quality Identification Bit
Quality of Service
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
R-ACH
RC
RC1
RC2
RC3
RC4
R-CCCH
R-DCCH
R-EACH
RF
R-FCH
RLP
RM
R-PICH
R-SCCH
R-SCH
RSQI
R-TCH
Reverse Access Channel
Radio Configuration
Radio Configuration 1
Radio Configuration 2
Radio Configuration 3
Radio Configuration 4
Reverse Common Control Channel
Reverse Dedicated Control Channel
Reverse Enhanced Access Channel
Radio Frequency
Reverse Fundamental Channel
Radio Link Protocol
Radio Management
Reverse Pilot Channel
Reverse Supplemental Code Channel
Reverse Supplemental Channel
Receive Signal Quality Indicator
Reverse Traffic Channel
SDH
SDU
SID
SME
SPU
SRBP
SSSAR
STM-1
STS
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
Selection/Distribution Unit
System Identification
Signaling Message Encryption
Signaling Process Unit
Signaling Radio Burst Protocol
Special Service Segmentation and Reassemble
Synchronization Transfer Mode 1
Space Time Spreading
TA
TA
Timing Advance
Terminal Adapter
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Appendix F Abbreviation
TAm
TCP
TDMA
TE1
TE2
TIA
TMSI
TRX
Mobile Terminal Adapter
Transport Control Protocol
Time Division Multiple Access
Terminal Equipment 1
Terminal Equipment 2
Telecommunications Industry Association
Temp Mobile Subscriber Identifier
Transceiver
UART
Um
UTC
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
Universal Coordinated Time
VCI
VLR
VPI
Virtual Channel Identifier
Visitor Location Register
Virtual Path Identifier
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 O&M System Overview.........................................................................................1-1
1.1 Architecture...............................................................................................................1-1
1.1.1 Local O&M System ..........................................................................................1-1
1.1.2 Mobile Integrated Network Management System................................................1-3
1.2 Functions of O&M System..........................................................................................1-4
1.2.1 Near Maintenance Functions ............................................................................1-4
1.2.2 Remote Maintenance Functions ........................................................................1-5
Chapter 2 Maintenance Console Introduction ......................................................................2-1
2.1 Near Maintenance Console ........................................................................................2-1
2.1.1 Startup of the Console......................................................................................2-1
2.1.2 Use of the Console...........................................................................................2-1
2.2 Remote Maintenance Console....................................................................................2-3
2.2.1 Startup of the Console......................................................................................2-3
2.2.2 Use of the Console...........................................................................................2-3
Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance Instructions .......................................................................3-1
3.1 Overview...................................................................................................................3-1
3.1.1 Purposes of Routine Maintenance.....................................................................3-1
3.1.2 Classification of Routine Maintenance Operations ..............................................3-1
3.1.3 Usage of Routine Maintenance Records ............................................................3-2
3.2 Monthly Maintenance Instructions ...............................................................................3-7
3.3 Quarterly Maintenance Instructions .............................................................................3-7
3.4 Yearly Maintenance Instructions .................................................................................3-7
Chapter 4 Fault Analysis and Locating.................................................................................4-1
4.1 Fault Handling Process and Method............................................................................4-1
4.1.1 Classification of Faults......................................................................................4-1
4.1.2 General Handling Procedure.............................................................................4-1
4.1.3 Conventional Methods for Fault Judgment and Location .....................................4-1
4.2 Typical Case Analysis ................................................................................................4-4
4.2.1 Transmission Equipment Fault..........................................................................4-4
4.2.2 OML Fault .......................................................................................................4-5
4.2.3 Abis Signaling Link Fault ..................................................................................4-6
4.2.4 Coverage Fault ................................................................................................4-7
4.2.5 Service Fault ...................................................................................................4-8
4.2.6 O&M Fault .....................................................................................................4-12
Chapter 5 Part Replacement.................................................................................................5-1
5.1 General Replacement Procedure................................................................................5-1
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Table of Contents
5.1.1 Notes ..............................................................................................................5-1
5.1.2 Module Removal..............................................................................................5-2
5.1.3 Module Installation ...........................................................................................5-2
5.1.4 Replacement Completion .................................................................................5-3
5.2 Part Replacement ......................................................................................................5-3
5.2.1 Module Replacement .......................................................................................5-3
5.2.2 Optical Fiber Replacement ...............................................................................5-4
Appendix A Module Maintenance Window Introduction ...................................................... A-1
A.1 MBPM ..................................................................................................................... A-1
A.2 BTRM...................................................................................................................... A-3
A.3 MPAM ..................................................................................................................... A-4
A.4 MFEM ..................................................................................................................... A-5
A.5 MAPM ..................................................................................................................... A-5
Appendix B Return Loss, VSWR and Reflection Coefficient ............................................... B-1
Appendix C Near Command Index....................................................................................... C-1
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Chapter 1 O&M System Overview
Chapter 1 O&M System Overview
1.1 Architecture
The Operation & Maintenance (O&M) system comprises the local O&M system and
mobile integrated Network Management System (NMS). The former one performs at
the local Base Station Subsystem (BSS) the O&M over the Base Transceiver Station
(BTS) and Base Station Controller (BSC). The later one is the integrated NMS based
on network elements such as BSC, Mobile Switching Center (MSC) and Home
Location Register (HLR).
1.1.1 Local O&M System
BSS local O&M system structure is shown in Figure 1-1. In terms of the distance to the
BTS, it is classified into two kinds: the near O&M part and remote O&M part.
BSC
BTS
IP over Ethernet
IPOA
IP over Ethernet
BAM
IP over Ethernet
IPOA
BTS
Router
internet
IP over Ethernet
Router
IP over Ethernet
Figure 1-1 Structure of BSS local O&M system
I. Near O&M Part
The near O&M is realized through the near maintenance console, which is connected
through 10/100Base-T Ethernet interface to the BTS3601C. The console performs
O&M in the Telnet mode.
Telnet is an application of TCP/IP. Its communication is realized in the Client/Server
mode. BTS3601C provides the Telnet server function. It receives the Man-Machine
Language (MML) commands from Telnet Client (running on the local maintenance
console). After executing the command, the BTS sends the execution result to the
Telnet Client.
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The user can perform data configuration and O&M over the BTS with the near MML
commands.
II. Remote O&M Part
The remote O&M is realized through the remote maintenance console at BSC side, the
remote O&M part is designed in Client/Server (C/S) structure. The user inputs
operation commands via Clients (namely console), As the server, BAM will process
commands from the Clients. After processing, BAM will send these commands to the
foreground (including BSC and BTS) and wait for the response. Then BAM will record
the corresponding operation result (such as success, failure, timeout, or abnormality)
and send the result to the Client in a specified format. Through the maintenance
console, a user can perform remote maintenance and monitoring over all the BTSs.
Meanwhile, information from these BTSs can be collected for network planning and
optimization.
BSS remote O&M functions comprises three parts according to its MML commands:
Common Management, BSC Management and BTS management, as shown in Figure
1-2. Except that the BTS alarm management is classified into the common
management, other O&M operations over the BTS are realized through the BTS
management part.
Figure 1-2 Remote maintenance Client command tree
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Chapter 1 O&M System Overview
Currently the remote O&M over both the cBTS3612 and BTS3601C can be performed
at the same Client, with the BTS networking management as the common part of the
cBTS3612 and BTS3601C management.
This chapter describes the use of the maintenance console for BTS3601C.
1.1.2 Mobile Integrated Network Management System
The mobile integrated NMS realizes the centralized maintenance function. It accesses
the system via Local Area Network (LAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN), with the
M2000 server as the core and multiple mobile equipments (such as BSC, MSC and
HLR) as the network element.
BSC accesses the M2000 mobile integrated NMS via BAM. The O&M over the BTS is
realized through BSC.
The typical networking of M2000 mobile integrated NMS is shown in Figure 1-3
NE
NE
Dialup server
PSTN
LAN
M2000 server
Work station
NE
E1
DDN
NE: Network element
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network
Support such flexible
networking modes as
E1, DDN, X.25 and
frame relay
Support remote dial-up
maintenance
X.25 Frame relay
DDN: Digital Data Network
LAN: local area network
Figure 1-3 Networking of M2000 mobile integrated NMS
M2000 mobile integrated NMS performs such functions as configuration management,
performance management and fault management.
Configuration management function:
It is the function used to collect, store, query, and modify the data of the network
elements within the network system.
Performance management function:
This function is used to enable the user to register traffic measurement at the Client for
network elements of the whole network, and to view the result of the measurement
registered within the whole network.
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Chapter 1 O&M System Overview
Fault management function:
This function enables the user to acquire the alarm data of the network elements within
the whole network by setting conditions, to view the data and to conduct other
operations at the alarm client.
1.2 Functions of O&M System
This section describes the functions of local O&M system. The functions of the mobile
integrated NMS are described in the operation manual of M2000.
1.2.1 Near Maintenance Functions
The near maintenance console provides the function to configure and maintain the
BTS.
I. Configuration function
The configuration function can be used to configure BTS basic information, including
the configuration of cell, signaling/service link, clock parameters, channels, E1 Time
Slots (TS), baseband board IP address, and so on.
II. Maintenance function
The maintenance function is used to perform the O&M of the BTS, including:
Information query
The information that can be queried include: E1 TS configuration, board version, board
electronic label, board status/special status, logs, interface status, alarms, baseband
board IP address, and so on.
Board operation
The board operations include: resetting, blocking/unblocking BTS resources, resource
tracing, information tracing (e.g. the forward transmit power, RSSI value, etc.).
Test
The test includes the board loopback test and BTS E1 link test.
Tracing management
Tracing management includes specific resource tracing and interfaces messages
tracing.
Besides, BTS3601C provides other functions including user authority management,
password setting, BTS power management, help information, etc.
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1.2.2 Remote Maintenance Functions
With regard to the BTS management, the remote maintenance console provides not
only the functions that the near console provides, but also the alarm management and
BTS networking function.
This section describes the functions of the remote maintenance console. For detailed
command information, please refer to the corresponding online help.
I. Alarm management:
Figure 1-4 shows the alarm management functions.
The alarm management function is used to manage the alarm information. Being the
indication of the current and historical equipment operation statuses, the alarm
information is the major basis on which the equipment maintenance is performed. The
maintenance personnel can maintain the equipment according to the alarm
information.
BSS (including BTS and BSC) alarm information can be managed in a centralized way
through the interface as shown in Figure 1-4.
Figure 1-4 Alarm management
II. BTS networking
The BTS networking function is shown in Figure 1-5. This function is provided by only
the remote maintenance console, not by the near maintenance console.
The BTS networking management provides for cBTS3612s and BTS3601Cs the
management of BTS object, start information and data backup.
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The management of BTS object includes the creation, deletion, query and
modification of BTS information. To create a BTS is to register a BTS and
configure for it the basic maintenance information, including BTS name and
maintenance IP address.
The start information management aims at BTS BOOTP (member of TCP/IP
family) information. For BAM to manage BTSs, it is necessary to establish the
BAM-BTS O&M links. As the result, it is necessary to configure the information
including the No. of the optical interface for the O&M links, the Virtual Path
(VP)/Virtual Circuit (VC) Nos. of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) links, etc.
The data backup management is the operations related to the backup of BTS
configuration data. To send the BTS configuration data for backup, the storage
path and file name should be set with this function, with the suffix of the file name
as "bin". The BTS just reset will request BAM for configuration data. If the data
have been backed up, BAM will retrieve them and send them directly to the BTS
rather than configure them again.
Figure 1-5 BTS networking
III. Micro-BTS loading management
Figure 1-6 shows the BTS loading management function. This function is provided only
by the remote maintenance console, not by the near one.
The micro-BTS loading management involves the various operations over the software
loading information, as well as the up/downloading of configuration data, and the
downloading/activation of the software. Please note that the target path for uploading
and source path for the downloading are those set in the "Data Backup Management"
of "BTS Networking".
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The purpose of adding BTS software loading information is to ensure that the software
loaded to BTS boards from the specified path in BAM is of the correct version.
Figure 1-6 Micro-BTS loading management
IV. Micro-BTS configuration management
Figure 1-7 shows the micro-BTS configuration management function.
The functions that the configuration commands of the near maintenance console can
realize are almost the same as these functions. The BTS configuration is usually
realized at the remote maintenance console.
Figure 1-7 Micro-BTS configuration management
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Chapter 1 O&M System Overview
V. Micro-BTS equipment management
Figure 1-8 shows the micro-BTS equipment management function.
Figure 1-8 Micro-BTS equipment management
VI. BTS Test Management:
Figure 1-9 shows the micro-BTS test management function.
VII. Micro-BTS tracing management
Figure 1-9shows the micro-BTS tracing management functions.
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BTS Maintenance
Chapter 1 O&M System Overview
Figure 1-9 Micro-BTS test management & tracing management
1-9
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BTS Maintenance
Chapter 2 Maintenance Console Introduction
Chapter 2 Maintenance Console Introduction
2.1 Near Maintenance Console
2.1.1 Startup of the Console
The near maintenance console serves to maintain the BTS. To start the maintenance
console and use it to maintain the BTS, one should:
1)
Connect the maintenance console through straight through cable to the BTS via
the Ethernet interface in the maintenance window of Micro-bts Base-band
Processing Module (MBPM);
2)
Power on the maintenance console, run Telnet.exe, and log in to the BTS with the
3)
Input command lines based on MML to conduct O&M for the BTS.
designated user name and password;
& Note:
BTS3601C supports two kinds of users: system and guest. Users of the system level can execute all
commands, while those of the guest level can execute only part of the commands. For details, please refer
to Appendix Near Command Index.
The default user name and password is usually set as:
User name: system; password: system. User name: guest; password: guest.
2.1.2 Use of the Console
For the O&M operations are conducted with the command lines based on MML. This
section describes the use of MML commands.
I. Command Syntax
Each BTS3601C MML command is made up of the keyword part and the parameter
part.
The keyword part may comprise one or more key words, which are strings that begin
with letters and consist of both letters and numbers. Each MML command is uniquely
identified by its keyword part.
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Chapter 2 Maintenance Console Introduction
The parameter parts of different MML commands also differ.
The number of
parameters and their values in the parameter part are different for various MM L
commands.
The format of a command is:
Command name: Parameter 1 = Value 1, Parameter 2 = Value 2, Parameter 3 = Value
3…Parameter n = Value n.
The keywords in a command should be separated by an underline or a space. There
should be a colon between the command name and the parameters, and comma
between any two parameters. The two symbols below are also used to describe the
parameters:
— — <>
— — []
The indications of the symbols are illustrated in Table 2-1 with examples:
Table 2-1 Format of MML command parameters
Symbol
Meaning
<>
Enclosed is the value of the parameter
specified ahead of the ‘=’.
[]
Enclosed is the optional or default
parameter.
Example
SET BTSCLK
CLKSRC0=,[CLKSRC1=],[CLKSRC2
=]
This command involves 3 parameters, The first one is
mandatory, and the later two are optional.  is
the parameter value that should be input.
II. Input of Commands
To input MML commands, please note that:
MML commands are NOT case-sensitive
The punctuation used in a command should be in DBC case.
If there is no need to specify some of the optional parameters or parameters with
default values, skip them.
Maximum input of one MML command: 512 characters.
Functional keys as listed in Table 2-2 are supported.
Table 2-2 Functional keys supported in the input of MML commands
Key
Letter key, number key, underline,
colon, comma, equal mark and
semicolon
Enter
BACKSPACE
ARROW LEFT
ARROW RIGHT
Function
Within the length limit of a command, the input of letters, numbers and other
symbols listed here are supported.
Execute the input command.
Delete the current character.
Move the cursor to the next character on the left.
Move the cursor to the next character on the right.
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Chapter 2 Maintenance Console Introduction
Key
ARROW UP
ARROW Down
Function
Move the cursor to the previous command or the upper line.
Move the cursor to the next command.
III. Command Line Online Help
To obtain online help concerning MML commands:
In MML interface, input command HELP to obtain the simple description of the online
help system. To obtain detailed help information on a particular command, input HELP
and the related parameters. Example:
HELP: CMDNAME="ADD BTSCELL"
With this command, the detailed help information of the command ADD BTSCELL can
be obtained.
2.2 Remote Maintenance Console
2.2.1 Startup of the Console
The precondition for the startup of the console is that the remote maintenance system
has been installed, and is in normal communication with BSC.
I. Run the maintenance console software
Select [Start/Program/Airbridge cBSS cdma 1X Administration System /Airbridge cBSS
Maintenance] to enter the Service Maintenance System.
Set up the connection with BAM, for details, please see the online help.
2.2.2 Use of the Console
The remote maintenance console is different from the near maintenance console in that
the former is used for the routine maintenance of the BTS, while the later one is for BTS
on-site maintenance.
The configuration and maintenance functions of the BTS (except the networking
function and loading management function, which can be realized only at the remote
console), can either be realized at the remote or the near maintenance console. It is
recommended to configure the BTS at the remote console.
For the specific operations concerning the use of the remote maintenance console,
please refer to the online help or the operation manual of BSC equipment.
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BTS Maintenance
Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance Instructions
Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance Instructions
3.1 Overview
BTS3601C Routine Maintenance Instructions describes in details the contents and
methods of BTS3601C routine maintenance operations. It serves as a reference in
determining the routine maintenance schedule of a particular site.
3.1.1 Purposes of Routine Maintenance
Normal system operation of BTS3601C in different running environment depends on
effective routine maintenance. BTS3601C routine maintenance is intended to detect
and solve problems in due time to prevent trouble.
3.1.2 Classification of Routine Maintenance Operations
I. Classification by implementing methods
Conventional maintenance
This method is applied on regular basis to observe the operation of the system, test an d
analyze equipment performance.
Unconventional maintenance
The unconventional method is to test whether the system performance has degraded
by artificially creating some faults. For example, maintenance engineers may artificially
create some faults and test if the alarm system reports alarm correctly.
II. Classification by period length
Unscheduled maintenance
This includes the maintenance operations performed at equipment fault or network
adjustment. For example, maintenance tasks performed due to by user complaint,
damage of equipment and line fault. Solving of problems left over by daily maintenance
operations is also regarded as unscheduled maintenance operation.
Daily maintenance
It refers to the maintenance tasks conducted each day. BTS3601C daily maintenance
helps maintenance engineers keep track of the operating conditions of the equipment
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Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance Instructions
at any moment so that problems can be solved in time. When a problem is detected in
daily maintenance, record it in detail to help eliminate it in time.
Periodical maintenance
Periodical maintenance refers to the maintenance tasks conducted regularly. Periodical
maintenance helps maintenance engineers keep track of the long-term performance of
the equipment.
Periodical maintenance includes: monthly maintenance, quarterly maintenance and
yearly maintenance.
3.1.3 Usage of Routine Maintenance Records
As a maintenance engineer, you are required to fill in the following tables when you
conduct the daily, monthly, quarterly and yearly maintenance for your BTS3601C. And
specific instructions have been given after those tables.
I. Daily unexpected fault handling record
Note down in details the unexpected faults occurred in BTS3601C daily maintenance
operations in the table for future reference. The user may modify the record according
to the actual needs, or compile the records into manuals.
II. Monthly maintenance record
Note down in details the actual maintenance operations carried out during BTS3601C
monthly maintenance in the table. For details, see BTS3601C Monthly Maintenance
Operation Instruction.
III. Quarterly maintenance record
Note down in details the actual maintenance operations carried out during BTS3601C
quarterly maintenance in the table. For details, see BTS3601C Quarterly Maintenance
Operation Instruction.
IV. Yearly maintenance record
Note down in details the actual maintenance operations carried out during BTS3601C
yearly maintenance in the table. For details, see BTS3601C Yearly Maintenance
Operation Instruction.
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Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance Instructions
Daily Unexpected Fault Handling Record
Belong-to BSC
Site
Time when fault
occurred:
Person on duty:
Classification of fault:
Micro-bts Ac-dc Power supply Module (MAPM)
Micro-bts Radio Frequency Front End Module (MFEM)
Antenna and feeder system
Fault detected:
With user complaint
From the alarm system
In Daily maintenance
From other sources
Description of fault:
Fault handling & result:
3-3
Time when fault is
solved:
Handled by:
Micro-bts Transceiver Module (MTRM)
Micro-bts Power Amplifier Module (MPAM)
Others
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Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance Instructions
Monthly Maintenance Record
Site: _______________
Time of
maintenance:____(MM)_____(DD)_____(YY)
____(MM)____(DD)____(YY)
Maintainer:
Items
Status
Environment
Temperature
Humidity
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
Indoor air-conditioner
•Normal, •Abnormal
Call test
•Normal, •Abnormal
Battery group
•Normal, •Abnormal
Grounding, lightening protection and power
supply system
RF antenna and feeder part
Power supply module
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
Description of fault and
handling measures taken
Problems remained
Shift leader check
Caution:
Avoid short circuit upon battery check!
3-4
Remarks
Upon indoor
installation
When a battery
group is used
Maintenance
engineers
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BTS Maintenance
Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance Instructions
Quarterly Maintenance Record
Site: _______________
Time of
maintenance:____(MM)_____(DD)____(YY)
____(MM)____(DD)____(YY)
Items
Power supply
Road test
Accessories check
Maintainer:
Status
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
Description of fault and
handling measures taken
Problems remained
Shift leader check
3-5
Remarks
Maintenance
engineers
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BTS Maintenance
Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance Instructions
Yearly Maintenance Record
Site: _______________
Time of maintenance:____(MM)_____(DD)_____(YY)
____(MM)____(DD)____(YY)
Maintainer:
Items
Call test
Cabinet sanitation
BTS power output
Grounding resistance and grounding wires
Water-proof performance of antenna and feeder
connector and lightening protection grounding clip
Firmness and angle of antenna
Status
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
Description of fault and handling
measures taken
Problems remained
Shift leader check
3-6
Remarks
Maintenance
engineers
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BTS Maintenance
Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance Instructions
3.2 Monthly Maintenance Instructions
Items
Instructions
Call test
Grounding, lightening protection
systems and power supply
system
Antenna and feeder part
Power supply module
Note
Make calls with a Mobile Station (MS). Collect
information at both the MS and the Base Station
Controller (BSC) to see if all calls are normal for all
sector carriers.
1) Check the connections in the grounding system
and the lightening protection system.
2) Check if the power supply system is normal.
3) Check if any part of the lightening protector is
burnt.
1) Check if the support of the antenna is set to the
correct direction;
2) Check if the water-proof performance of the
feeder is normal.
Check if there is any alarm on the power supply
module.
There should be no noise, no call
dropping, nor cross talking.
Keep the lightening protector in good
status.
Query at the maintenance console.
3.3 Quarterly Maintenance Instructions
Items
Check 220V AC supply
Road test
Accessories check
Instructions
Note
Measure whether input voltage and frequency are in
the specified range.
Test on the handoff and coverage area of the cells
with a test MS.
Check the auxiliary facility box and UPS, etc.
Range of normal input voltage:
Rated frequency:
3.4 Yearly Maintenance Instructions
Items
Instructions
Call test
Make calls with an MS. Collect information at both the MS
and the BSC to see if all calls are normal for all sector
carriers.
Cabinet sanitation
Tools required: Vacuum cleaner, alcohol and towel.
BTS power output
Test the transmit power of the carriers.
Grounding resistance and
grounding wires
1) Measure the grounding resistance with proper test
instruments.
2) Check for lose grounding wire connectors and their
aging status
Water-proof performance of
antenna and feeder connector
and lightening protection
grounding clip
Firmness and angle of antenna
Note
There should be no noise, no call
dropping, nor cross talking.
Impose strict operation regulations
to prevent mis- operation on the
power supply system.
Check if the output is the same as
designed in the BSC.
1) Check the external parts;
2) Unwrap them and check.
Wrap up the checked parts with the
same material used before the
check.
1) Tighten the bolts with the wrench.
2) Check if the angle are correctly set.
Do not apply too much torque on
the bolts
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Chapter 4 Fault Analysis and Locating
Chapter 4 Fault Analysis and Locating
4.1 Fault Handling Process and Method
4.1.1 Classification of Faults
Faults can be classified into three categories according to their sources:
Faults with BTS equipment
Faults with data configuration
Faults with other Network Elements (NE) like MS, BSC, or cells of other BTSs.
Generally, faults can be reported by:
The alarm system. The alarm system will send out signal whenever it detects a
fault, and recommend relevant resolution.
MS Subscribers. Sometimes, poor service or performance is also a form of fault.
For instance, poor conversation quality, MS access failure.
Maintenance & Operation Engineer. In some case, fault might happen while
loading data or sending commands.
4.1.2 General Handling Procedure
The fault handling process involves four stages: Information collection, fault judgment,
fault location, and troubleshooting.
Information collection: Collect all available original information
Fault judgment: Specify the fault range
Fault location: Locate the specific fault cause
Troubleshooting: Eliminate faults and restore the system through proper
measures or steps
4.1.3 Conventional Methods for Fault Judgment and Location
I. Original information analysis
The original information includes abnormal phenomenon reported by Maintenance &
Operation Engineers, users or offices.
It provides first-hand materials for fault
judgment and analysis. Thus it helps engineers minimize the fault range and locate
fault type.
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Chapter 4 Fault Analysis and Locating
II. Alarm information analysis
The alarm system of the BTS will send out signals in the form of sound, light, LED and
screen output. This information, shown in the Alarm Maintenance Console, includes
detailed description for fault, possible cause and recommended solution. The faults
identified by alarm system range from hardware, link and trunk to CPU load. Hence, the
alarm system is a very useful tool for engineers to locate and solve faults.
Alarm information analysis can help locate the specific location and cause of the fault.
The rich and complete alarm information from the BSS alarm console can be used to
locate a fault directly or in cooperation with other methods. It is the major method for
fault analyzing.
III. Indicator status analysis
On the maintenance window of BTS modules, there are indicators to reflect statuses of
boards, circuits, links and nodes. Hints given by indicators often help engineer to locate
faults quickly. Generally, this method is applied together with alarm information.
IV. MS dialing test
In most cases, BTS functions affect the quality of voice and data services. It is a
straightforward method to verify calling function and BTS modules via MS dialing test.
This method is frequently used to verify signaling system, voice and data transmission.
V. Instruments and meters
It is a conventional technical method for BTS fault handling to analyze fault through
instrument and meters. Instruments and meters can provide visualized and quantized
data to directly reflect the fault nature. This method is widely applied in signaling
analysis, wave shape analysis, BER detection and feeder fault detection
VI. Traffic measurement
Call completion rate, a key indicator for measuring capability of telecom operators,
directly relates to profits of operators and their customer satisfaction. Therefore, it is
critically important for operators to increase call completion rate and minimize call loss.
Traffic measurement is a powerful tool to enhance call completion rate by detecting
cause for call loss. Faults with BTS are also direct causes that affect call completion
rate.
VII. Interface tracing
The BSS O&M system can trace messages of Abis interface, OML interface, Um
interface and A interface on the real-time basis.
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Chapter 4 Fault Analysis and Locating
This function provides a very efficient approach for identifying faults occurred in call
connection or BTS-BSC signaling interworking. Given this information, engineers can
easily locate root cause and figure out follow-up actions.
VIII. Loopback test
Loopback test is a common approach to verify normal functioning of transmission
equipment and trunk parameter setting. Loopback test is a kind of self-sending and
self-receiving method. By performing this test, engineers are able to check
transmission equipment, channel, service status, and signaling interworking.
Two loopback modes are available: Software loopback and hardware loopback. The
former is easier to perform and more flexible but less reliable than the latter.
Conventional loopback tests are E1 loopback test and optical fiber loopback test.
& Note:
When E1 outloop test is activated on the BSC side, the time parameter is mandatory. Otherwise the BTS
will be kept in the disconnected status all the time unless the BTS is reset on the site.
IX. Contrast/Conversion
In the contrast mode, the user can compare the faulty part or phenomenon with the
normal part or phenomenon so as to detect the dissimilarity and locate the fault. This
method can be used in simple fault cases.
After spare parts are used, the fault range or location still cannot be specified. In this
case, the user can interchange the normal parts like boards or fiber with the possible
faulty parts, and then detect the change on operation status. In this way, the fault range
or fault location can be detected. This method can be used in cases with complex fault
ranges.
& Note:
Interchanging is a risky operation. For example: A board in short-circuit status, if interchanged to a normal
subrack, may damage the normal subrack. Therefore, the use of this method is requires great care. Do not
use it unless you are sure that it will not cause new faults
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Chapter 4 Fault Analysis and Locating
X. Getting help on Huawei technical support website
Users can login Huawei technical support website support@huawei.com for help. This
website collects a large number of cases for all product lines, and shares our
experience in specific fault location and solving.
Registration is needed before you can use this information. After login with your user
name and password, you can search the information of your interest. For example,
input [Maintenance experience], [Mobile Telecommunication] and [CDMA] to search
the related fault cases.
In addition, you can enter the [Technical Forum] of support@huawei.com to search
related problems or post your questions for solution.
XI. Contacting Huawei local office
If you cannot locate or solve the fault, you can contact Huawei local office or contact
Huawei headquarters.
Within the warranty period, Huawei provides the following services: Telephone
consultation, telephone instruction, remote dial-up diagnosis, on-the-site support,
hardware maintenance, complaint handling, on-the-site training and regional manager
service.
Contact information of Huawei Customer Service Center
Hotline: 86-755-28560000 8008302118
Fax: 86-755-28560111
E-mail: support@huawei.com
E-mail of technical support network administrator: supportmaster@huawei.com
4.2 Typical Case Analysis
This section shares with you some typical cases our customer met, together with
relevant resolution, in their maintenance and operation process. It is expected to give
you some hint in solving the problem you encounter. Cases are presented hereinafter:
4.2.1 Transmission Equipment Fault
I. Fault Description
"E1 Link Local Alarm" or "E1 Link Remote Alarm" is triggered on the BTS side.
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Chapter 4 Fault Analysis and Locating
II. Troubleshooting
Fault cause
Fault location
The physical
link is faulty
on the BSC
side
Check whether the
corresponding CIXE is in
the normal status and
whether the E1 cable is
properly plugged.
The physical
link is faulty
on the BTS
side
Transmission cables are
not properly plugged in
the BTS.
Transmission
system fault
Check the BER of the
corresponding E1 trunk. If
the BER is greater than
the specified value,
transmission problems
may exist.
Handling methods
1. Check cables on the BSC side and
properly connect the E1 cable with BSC.
2. Loopback the corresponding E1 port
in DDF toward BSC in the equipment
room. If the CXIE board of BSC is
normal, there should be no fault with the
physical link on the BSC side.
1. Check the physical transmission
cables and properly connect the E1
cable with BTS.
2. Loopback the corresponding E1 cable
in DDF toward BTS in the equipment
room. If E1 is tested to be normal via the
remote loopback test activated by BTS,
there should be no fault with the physical
link on the BTS side.
Contact Huawei local office to solve the
problems in the transmission system.
Remarks
Check BER in the following steps:
Execute the command for E1 outloop
test on the maintenance console of BSC,
and measure the BER of the
corresponding E1 with BER tester on the
MSC side.
4.2.2 OML Fault
I. Fault Description
After BTS is powered on,
the BOOTP process fails, or
the attempt to establish OML signaling link to OMC fails, or
the OML link breaks while the BTS is running.
The “OML Fault" alarm can be viewed from the BTS maintenance console.
II. Troubleshooting
Fault cause
Fault location
Physical link
problems on
the BSC side
Equipment
fault on BSC
side
Handling methods
Remarks
Please refer to "4.2.1 Transmission
Equipment Fault"
Remote OMC fault
1. BAM is abnormal or the BAM process is
not activated. Restart the BAM process in
this case.
2 If the loading process of BAM appears
abnormal, restart the loading process.
3 The lower-layer communication process
of BAM is abnormal – Restart the
communication process in this case.
4-5
The remote OMC serves as BOOTP
Server and OML Server during OML
establishment. Therefore, any fault
with the remote OMC will result in
OML fault.
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Fault cause
Fault location
1. Transmission cables
are not properly plugged
in the BTS.
2. The communication
link of the board is faulty.
Physical link
problems on
the BTS side
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 4 Fault Analysis and Locating
Handling methods
1. Please refer to "4.2.1 Transmission
Equipment Fault"
2. Check MBPM and MTRM modules.
1. Query board-specific status to get the
UNI link status
2. Check BSC configuration data to ensure
data integrity and uniqueness.
3. Check BSC-related route information.
1) Check BAM route information to ensure
proper connection among MCU boards.
2) Check CMUX route information to ensure
its connection with BTS and BAM.
4. Check BTS BOOTP information to
ensure consistency with BSC side.
1. UNI link is abnormal.
2. BOOTP ID of CMUX of
BM sub rack is wrong.
3. BSC route information
is wrong.
4. OMC configuration
data is wrong.
Data
configuration
problems on
the BSC side
Transmission
system fault
Remarks
After completing initialization, MTRM
will send request for configuration to
OMU of MBPM. Then the module
runs normally after receiving
configuration data. In case that ALM
and ACT indicators flash at 4 Hz, link
between MTRM and OMU is faulty.
1. If the physical layer of OML is
implemented via E1, it should be
configured in the UNI mode. If the
UNI link status is incorrect, OML will
become faulty.
2. BOOTUP request shall succeed
before OML setup. MAC field must
be unique within BOOTUP request
package. In case there are
duplicated MAC in CMUX BOOTUP
request package, OML cannot be set
up successfully.
3. BTS OML connects IP gateways at
CMPU and CMUX sides of BSC.
Route information for both sides shall
be different. Incorrect configuration
for gateways will cause OML setup
failure.
4. OMC is BOOTP and OML Servers
for OML link setup.
In BTS BOOTP, OMC needs
configuring local BOOTP to ensure
its uniqueness and consistency with
BSC side.
If incorrect data is configured for
OMC, the MAC in BOOTP request
package from BTS will not match
BOOTP information. In this case,
OML setup may fail for failure of
BOOTP request.
Please refer to "4.2.1 Transmission
Equipment Fault"
4.2.3 Abis Signaling Link Fault
I. Fault Description
After BTS startup, the Abis signaling link between BTS and BSC cannot be established,
or the established link breaks during BTS operation.
"Abis Signaling Link Fault” alarms can be viewed from the maintenance console of the
BTS.
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Chapter 4 Fault Analysis and Locating
II. Troubleshooting
Fault cause
Physical link
problems on the
BSC side
Equipment fault on
BSC side
Data configuration
problems on the
network side
Fault location
Handling methods
Remarks
Please refer to "4.2.1 Transmission
Equipment Fault".
When BSC is faulty,
the BTS will also
generate an “Abis
Signaling Link Fault”
alarm.
Please refer to the maintenance manual
of BSC.
1. UNI link status is
abnormal.
2. The configuration
parameters of Abis
signaling link are
incorrect
1. Please refer to "4.2.2 OML Fault".
2. If the UNI status is normal and the
configuration data is available in BTS,
check whether the Abis signaling link
configuration is correct.
Physical link
problems on the
BTS side
Transmission
system fault
The following parameters should
be configured for Abis signaling link
in the IPOA mode: PVC parameters
(VPI and VCI), TCP/IP address (IP
address, subnet mask and TCP
port No.) Make sure that the PVC
used by Abis signaling link is
different from that used for Abis
service.
Please refer to "4.2.1 Transmission
Equipment Fault".
Please refer to "4.2.1 Transmission
Equipment Fault".
4.2.4 Coverage Fault
Coverage faults are caused most possibly by faults with the antenna & feeder system.
Other system may also affect the coverage. Therefore, the following description should
be regarded only as reference used to handle antenna & feeder system faults.
If the antenna & feeder system is faulty, the faults should be handled step by step:
Measure the VSWR from the BTS3601C antenna port to each section of cable. If the
VSWR of a section is greater than 1.5, either the cable or the connectors must be faulty.
If the VSWR exceeds the limit, shake the cable to check whether the connectors are
loose. Any loose connector means poor contact. Detect the cable in poor contact, and
then tighten the cable connectors and cable.
I. Insufficient Coverage Scope
1)
Fault Description
The downlink coverage scope is reduced.
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2)
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 4 Fault Analysis and Locating
Troubleshooting
Fault location
Fault cause
Handling methods
Remarks
Normally, the
VSWR of the
antenna &
feeder should be
smaller than 1.5.
In practice, poor
connection
should be
suspected upon
a VSWR greater
than 1.3.
Fault with
antenna &
feeder
(including
antenna and
feeder)
Measure the VSWR of the antenna & feeder with
sitemaster and check whether it is normal (It
should be less than 1.5)
If the VSWR is much greater than the
rated value, please conduct further
tests so as to locate the faulty section in
the antenna & feeder (or antenna), and
then make the required rectification or
replacement.
Power output
of MFEM is
abnormal
1. Test the downlink power output at the export of
BFEM. If a great difference exists between the
result and the nominal power value, the RF
downlink channel of the BTS is faulty.
2. Start the BTS and measure the power output
directly at the output terminal of MPAM. If the
power is normal, the transmission tributary of
MFEM is faulty.
3. If the output power measured at MPAM output
terminal is abnormal, measure the power output
at the output port of MTRM. If the result is normal,
MPAM may be faulty; otherwise MTRM is faulty.
If MTRM, MFEM or MPAM is found
damaged, replace it.
II. Signal Fluctuation
1)
Fault Description
The signals received by MS fluctuate too much.
2)
Troubleshooting
Fault cause
Power output of BTRM is
abnormal
External interference
Fault location
Handling methods
1. Check the power output with
power meter at MFEM. If the
output power is unstable, output
problems exist with either
MPAM or MTRM.
2. Check the power output of
MTRM. If the power if stable,
MPAM must be faulty;
otherwise MTRM must be
faulty.
None
Remarks
Replace faulty modules.
Remove the interference source
4.2.5 Service Fault
BTS3601C can support voice and data services. The BTS serves as access equipment,
functioning as RF channel. In the case of fault like service interruption, please first
remove such faults as transmission interruption and BTS power failure, and then locate
other faults as per the following procedures:
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User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 4 Fault Analysis and Locating
I. Fault in MS Access to Network
What is MS access to the network?
When a MS is powered on, it first enters the System Determination Substate. In this
substate, MS can decide whether to select the analog system or the CDMA system
based on parameters preset by the subscriber. If the CDMA system is selected, the MS
will attempt to acquire the CDMA system at the basic frequency or the auxiliary
frequency and enter Pilot Channel Acquisition Substate.
In this substate, the MS will first search all pilots (search all PN offsets), and then find
the select the strongest pilot and acquire it. Once the pilot is acquired, MS will enter the
Sync Channel Acquisition Substate.
In this substate, the MS will attempt to get the synchronization channel and receive
synchronization messages, through which the MS can get such information as pilot's
PN offset, NI, long code status, system time, paging channel rate and the frequency of
the basic paging channel. Then it will enter the Timing Change Substate.
In this substate, the MS will synchronize long code status and system timing with
CDMA system timing based on the information received from the synchronization
channel messages, including pilot PN offset, long code status and system time. Then it
will enter the idle state.
In this idle status, the MS should receive the overhead message from the paging
channel. The MS cannot work normally unless it receives the overhead message
within the specified duration.
Once all the above requirements are met, the MS can access to the network.
1)
Fault Description
The MS is unable to acquire the CDMA network just after startup.
2)
Troubleshooting
First make sure the MS parameters (such as basic frequency, auxiliary frequency, SID
and NID etc.) have been correctly configured, and then go through the following
procedures step by step to locate and eliminate faults:
Fault cause
Cell is not
started
Fault location
1. The BTS is not started due to BTS
equipment fault.
2. The BTS is not started due to lack
of correct BTS data.
Handling methods
Please refer to “4.5.2 BTS
Initialization Failure” for fault
elimination measures.
4-9
Remarks
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
Fault cause
Abis signaling
link fault
The Cell has
not obtained
the BSC
logical
configuration
This cell is
blocked.
Abnormal
receiving
channel
Fault location
-Query the current alarms of BTS on
the OMC console or BTS local
maintenance console and check
whether any “Abis Signaling Link
Fault” alarm.
-1. Check the configuration progress
report in the configuration process
via the [BTS Status] window on the
OMC console: If no progress reports
are available such as “Common
channel established successfully”
and “Overhead message updated
successfully”, the logic configuration
for this cell has not been completed.
-2. Check the configuration process
report of the cell in the [BTS Status]
window from the OMC console: If a
process report “Cell deleted” is
prompted, the cell must have been
deleted.
The logic configuration for the cell
has been completed, but the MS still
cannot access to the network. Please
check whether this cell has been
blocked.
Execute the command micro>dsp
btsbrdstat to query the status of
MTRM and check whether MTRM is
blocked.
1. The logic configuration for the cell
has been completed, but the MS still
cannot log on to the network. Please
check whether the receiving channel
is working normally.
2. Track air interface messages with
a CDMA test MS: If the MS cannot
receive any response from the BTS
after sending a registration message,
the inverse receiving channel of the
BTS must be faulty.
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 4 Fault Analysis and Locating
Handling methods
Remarks
-Please refer to “4.5.3 Abis
Signaling Link Fault” for fault
elimination measures.
1. After BTS startup, if the Abis
signaling link becomes faulty, BSC
will be unable to perform logic
configuration for BTS, which will
result in MS network access failure.
2 If the BTS has obtained correct
logic configuration, it will switch off
transmission signals of BTRM
corresponding to all sector carriers.
This will result in the failure of MS
access to the network.
If the cell has not obtained the
logic configuration, please
check the following items by
viewing relevant indicators,
querying board status and
alarm information, etc.
Check status of:
1. The MTRM for this cell;
2 The MBPM for this cell;
3.The Abis signaling link;
4.The BSC;
5. Configuration data for BTS
and BSC and make sure their
consistency.
1 If the cell has not obtained the logic
configuration (Namely, no pilot
channel, synchronization channel
and paging channel are established
in the cell), or the overhead message
has not been updated, the MS
access to the network will be
impossible.
2. Sometimes the cell may be
deleted due to lack of physical
equipment or due to mis-operations
(such as deleting a device by
mistake), and the MS cannot be
accessed to the network.
If the cell is blocked, the MS
access to the network will be
impossible until the subscriber
unblocks the cell.
When a cell is blocked, the BTS will
switch off the transmission signals of
the BT RM corresponding to the
carrier of this cell, which will result in
the MS network access failure.
By viewing relevant indicators,
querying board status and
alarm information,
1. Confirm proper installation
of MFEM and MTRM, e.g.
inter-module cable
connection, water-proof
measures.
2. Check connection of
antenna & feeder.
3. Check BTRM status.
4. Check BTS physical
configuration data, e.g., cell
parameters and inverse
search parameters.
1. If the receiving channel of the BTS
is abnormal, the BER may become
too high and the MS may be
detached frequently.
2. When the MS is powered on, it will
send a power-on registration
message to the system. The BTS
cannot receive this message due to
faults with the receiving channel, so it
will send any response to the MS,
which causes MS registration failure.
3. After the registration fails, the MS
will enter the system determination
substate to re-acquire the system.
Once the system is acquired, the
power-on registration will be
activated again. This process is
repeated again and again but the MS
cannot access to the network.
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Fault cause
Abnormal
transmitting
channel
Incorrect cell
gain and
common
channel gain
Incorrect
overhead
message
Improper MS
location
Insufficient
power for MS
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 4 Fault Analysis and Locating
Fault location
Handling methods
The logic configuration for the cell
has been completed, but the MS still
cannot access to the network. Please
check whether the transmitting
channel is working normally.
By viewing relevant indicators,
querying board status and
alarm information,
1. Confirm proper installation
of MFEM, MPAM and MTRM,
e.g. inter-module cable
connection, water-proof
measures.
2. Check MTRM transmission
activator status.
3. Check BPAM status.
4. Make sure proper
connection among MFEM,
feeder, antenna and relevant
jumpers.
5. Check antenna installation.
6. Check for any standing
wave ratio alarm.
-The logic configuration for the cell
has been completed, but the MS still
cannot connect to the network.
Please check whether the gain
parameters are correctly set upon
cell configuration.
Through Abis-interface
message tracking tool, find out
whether the gain parameters
carried in the Abis-Cell Setup
message are correct, if
incorrect, reconfigure the BSC
Data Configuration Table.
The logic configuration for the cell
has been completed, but the MS still
cannot log on to the network. Please
check whether the overhead
messages are correct
Through the air interface
message signaling analyzer,
check whether the MS has
received all overhead
messages configured by the
system.
Check additionally whether the
parameters of overhead
messages are correct. If
incorrect, modify the data
configuration table of BSC to
update the overhead
messages.
Check the power volume of the MS
Move the MS to a place
without any obstacle.
Charge the battery or replace
a full-duty battery.
II. Data Service Unavailable
1)
Fault Description
Data services cannot be applied normally.
2)
Troubleshooting
4-11
Remarks
MTRM, MPAM and MFEM form a
transmission channel with the
antenna & feeder. Any abnormality
with the transmission channel will
cause signal output failure or
abnormal signal output.
During logic configuration of the cell,
it is necessary to configure such
parameters as sector gain, carrier
gain, pilot channel gain, sync
channel gain and paging channel
gain, etc. If these parameters are not
properly set (for example: they are
set too low), the MS cannot capture
the common channel and thus
cannot access to the network.
Entering idle status, MS shall receive
all system overhead message,
including
Synchronization message, access
parameter message, system
parameter message, CDMA channel
list message and neighbor cell list
message. Other overhead messages
may vary according to the network
parameter settings.
If any of the above overhead
messages is missing, the MS cannot
access to the network.
Additionally, the value setting of each
message parameter also directly
affects the MS access to the network.
Therefore the parameter values
should also be considered.
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
Fault cause
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 4 Fault Analysis and Locating
Fault location
Handling methods
Track the messages of Abis
interface and Um interface and
check whether the transmission
data configuration is correct.
Eliminate faults with other
equipment, such as PCF, BSC
or other network equipment.
In the case of data service, if
many NAK frames are shown in
FMR, the FER of the air
interface must be high. This
may be caused by problems
with the GPS clock.
Incorrect data configuration
Equipment fault
GPS out of synchronization
Remarks
Configure correct data.
Eliminate them one by one.
Eliminate hardware faults with the
GPS antenna & feeder system.
4.2.6 O&M Fault
I. Software Loading Fault
1)
Fault Description
When BTS software loading is carried out at the remote maintenance console of the
BTS, the loading process fails, but no prompt like "Software downloading succeeded!"
appears on the interface. This means that the new software has not been downloaded
to the BTS.
2)
Troubleshooting
Fault cause
The communication is
abnormal between the
maintenance console
and BTS
The software type or the
version No. is incorrect.
The downloading
process is abnormal.
The data completeness
of the software file is
abnormal.
Fault location
Handling methods
Check whether the
communication between BTS and
the remote maintenance console
is normal.
1. Check whether OML and OMC are normal
and whether the FTP service is activated.
Please refer to 4.2.2 OML Fault.
2. Check whether BSC is the normal operation
status. Please refer to the maintenance
manual of BSC for details.
A software type error or software
version No. error is prompted in
the software downloading dialog
box of the O&M console.
A software downloading failure is
prompted in the software
downloading dialog box of the
O&M console.
During the repeated loading
process, a software downloading
failure is prompted again in the
software downloading dialog box
of the O&M console.
Remarks
Select the right software/software
type/software version No.
Restart the loading process.
Check whether the file data of the software file
is complete.
II. BTS Initialization Failure
BTS initialization involves two phases: Site initialization and cell initialization.
1)
Fault Description
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BTS Maintenance
Chapter 4 Fault Analysis and Locating
When the BTS is powered on, the system initialization fails, which leads to BTS startup
failure.
In this case, the RUN indicators of some board flash fast.
2)
Fault cause
Troubleshooting
Fault location
BTS
configuration
data error
1. Check the data configuration of
MBPM.
2. Check the data configuration of
MTRB.
Clock Failure
Check the following items:
1. Whether the BTS clock signal is
correct.
2. Whether the clock output of BBPM is
normal.
3. Whether the connection between
MBPM and GPS antenna is normal.
4. Whether more than 4 satellites are
locked.
Handling methods
Remarks
Reconfigure correct data.
The fault may be caused by
geographical factors. If less than 4
GPS satellites are captured, the
BTS may be unable to obtain
reliable clock signals.
Query the special status of MBPB
so as to query the clock signals of
the BTS. Execute the command
DSP
BTSBRDSPECSTAT:BRDTP=MB
PB, and then view the Clock state
part in the returned result.
BSC
configuration
data error
(The
corresponding
physical link is
unavailable)
Check the link configuration of BSC.
Configure correct data.
OML Failure
Please refer to "4.2.2 OML Fault".
Please refer to "4.2.2 OML Fault".
4-13
After OML is successfully
established, BSC sends the
corresponding configuration
data. In this case, some BTS
boards cannot start normally
unless correct clock signal is
available.
To successfully initialize the
BTS, an ATM link should have
been successfully established
between BTS MBPM and BSC
CXIE, MBPM should have
detected the link configuration
on CXIE of the BSC, and the
UNI link to the ATM link should
have been established.
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 5 Part Replacement
Chapter 5 Part Replacement
5.1 General Replacement Procedure
The part replacement of BTS3601C involves all modules and optical fibers. All modules
can be replaced almost in the common way. This replacement procedure is focused on
module replacement.
5.1.1 Notes
I. Impact on service provision
Upon replacement of BTS3601C parts, please monitor the impact this replacement
brings to the BTS service (including impact on the cascaded BTS).
II. Alarm query
Prior to replacement, query the alarms from the remote maintenance console and
make a record. After replacement, query the alarms again and check whether the
corresponding alarm is cleared and whether a recovery alarm is generated.
III. Version check
Prior to replacement, please confirm the version of the new module, and make a record.
After replacement, please query the software version to check whether the version is
correct
IV. Tools required
A Phillips screwdriver and a socket spanner matching M4 bolts.
V. Anti-static requirement
Modules are sensitive to electrostatic. Therefore, any operation must be in strict
compliance with the procedures: Wear anti-static gloves or wrist strap and make sure
the parts are properly grounded so as to avoid preventable damages to modules.
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iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 5 Part Replacement
5.1.2 Module Removal
I. Remove plastic shell
Unlock the anti-burglary lock on the cabinet bottom, unscrew the two fixing bolts on the
sides of the shell and then remove the shell.
II. Switch off power
Power off MAPM. To replace MAPM, please switch off the external power first.
Caution:
If a lower-level BTS is cascaded with the BTS, try to avoid impact on it when switching off the power.
When the lower-level BTS is a cascaded BTS3601C, it is connected with the transmission system via
MBPM of the BTS. Therefore, when the power of the BTS is switched off, the service on the lower-level
BTS will also be interrupted.
When the lower-level BTS is a cascaded ODU3601C, it is connected with MTRM of the BTS. Therefore,
when the power of the BTS is switched off, the service on ODU3601C will also be interrupted.
III. Remove cable on the module bottom
Remove the water-resistant tape and the cable on the module bottom. Make sure not to
damage the fiber or fiber connectors.
IV. Remove bolts on module top and those on module bottom
V. Remove the module
Remove the module along the slot, put it into an antistatic bag, and then into a
damp-proof bag. Finally, put the wrapped module into a packing box with foam cushion.
MPAM is heavy due to the attached thermal tube. Upon replacement, make sure to
keep the module undamaged.
5.1.3 Module Installation
I. Check module:
Prior to installation, take out the module from the packing box, remove the anti-static
bag and damp-proof bag, and then check whether the module is damaged.
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BTS Maintenance
Chapter 5 Part Replacement
II. Check board nameplate
Locate the slot for the board from the nameplate.
III. Insert module
Push the module along the slot with both hands until you feel the module engage the
backplane connector. Make sure that the panel and subrack surface are on the same
surface.
IV. Tighten bolts on module top and those on module bottom
If the module is not inserted to the right position, the water-resistant performance might
not be guaranteed.
V. Install cable on the module bottom
After cabling, please refer to the installation manual to wrap the cable up with tape.
Make sure to maintain good water-resistant performance.
VI. Switch on power
Resume the power supply after replacement and check the relevant indicator (after
opening the cover of the maintenance window) to judge whether the module is running
normally.
If MAPM is replaced, switch on the external power first.
5.1.4 Replacement Completion
After the replacement, check the result in the following three aspects:
Check whether the relevant indicator status is normal. Please refer to Appendix A
Module Maintenance Window Introduction.
Check from OMC whether the corresponding alarm has disappeared and whether
any recovery alarm has been generated at the same time.
Dial a MS on the site to check whether the BTS is working normally.
5.2 Part Replacement
5.2.1 Module Replacement
This section contains the items for special attention during module replacement based
on the Section 5.1 General Replacement Procedure.
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iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 5 Part Replacement
I. Replace MAPM
Prior to replacement, switch off the 220V AC power supply.
If batteries are installed on the +24V battery interface of MAPM, disconnect the
batteries (Make sure to avoid short circuit) and avoid short circuit to the power supply.
II. Replace MBPM
After MBPM is replaced, query its version from the local maintenance console or OMC
to check whether the version is correct.
III. Replace MTRM
After MTRM is replaced, query its version from the local maintenance console or OMC
to check whether the version is correct.
IV. Replace MFEM
MFEM is connected with MTRM, MPAM and the antenna & feeder system through RF
cable. After replacement, make sure to resume the connections, otherwise the RF
index will be affected.
V. Replace MPAM
MPAM is heavy due to the attached thermal tube. Upon replacement, make sure to
keep the module undamaged.
5.2.2 Optical Fiber Replacement
I. Check optical fiber:
Prior to replacement, carefully check the new fiber to ensure normal optical
transmission.
Make clear marks for fiber correspondence to avoid any mis-operation.
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iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 5 Part Replacement
& Note:
The MBPM module of BTS3601C has two external optical interfaces. One is used for connection with
MTRM. The other optical interface is a 4-core connector. One pair of cores is used to access the
transmission system and to connect BSC (when STM-1 interface is used for the transmission system). The
other pair of cores is used for connection with another BTS3601C (When optical fiber chain networking
mode is adopted for BTS3601C).
MTRM has two external optical interfaces: One used for connection with MBPM and the other for
cascading with ODU3601C.
II. Plug & unplug fiber connector
This operation should be conducted very carefully. Make sure to avoid breaking the
cores inside the fiber connector.
Before plugging, align the fiber connector (of MTRM) with the fiber interface and align
its spacing arm with the fixing slot of the interface. Then carefully plug the connector
into the fiber interface until you feel the connector well engage the interface. This
indicates that the connector has been plugged in position. Then turn the spacing arm
into the corresponding fixing slot and tighten the nut. Now the fiber connector is
installed.
Prior to fiber replacement, make clear marks for fiber correspondence so that the new
fibers can be plugged right.
III. Excessive optical fibers
Put the excessive optical fibers into bellow and store same in the specified place.
5-5
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Appendix A Module Maintenance Window Introduction
Appendix A Module Maintenance Window
Introduction
For the water-proof purpose, each module maintenance window is installed with a seal
cover. Indicators and interfaces inside are invisible unless this cover is opened.
A.1 MBPM
I. Indicators in maintenance window
MBPM consists of MBPM and MASU. Two board indicators are visible from the module
maintenance window, as described in Table A-1 and Table A-2.
Table A-1 Indicators in MBPM maintenance window
Indicator
Color
Meaning
RUN
Green
Status
indicator
ALM
Red
Alarm
indicator
ACT
Green
Operation
indicator
Description
Fast flash (at 4Hz): MBPM is not started or software
downloading is in progress.
Slow flash (at 0.5Hz): MBPM is working normally.
Other: The board is faulty.
Fast flash (at 4Hz): Critical alarm
Slow flash (at 0.5Hz): Major alarm
Slow flash (at 0.25Hz): Minor alarm
OFF: No alarm
On: Normal
Fast flash (at 4Hz): OML is disconnected.
Slow flash (at 0.5Hz): Abis link is disconnected.
Slow flash (at 0.25Hz): Insufficient satellites are tracked.
A-1
Normal status
Slow flash (at
0.5Hz)
OFF
ON
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Appendix A Module Maintenance Window Introduction
Table A-2 Indicators in MBPM maintenance window (Indicators on MASU)
Indicator
Operation
status of
BIOS
ASU_RUN
BIOS is
powered on
and in
operation
(without host
software)
ASU_RUN
BIOS is
powered on
and in
operation (with
host software)
Indicator
status
Flash
interval (s)
Flash
duration (s)
OFF
Not flash
Yellow
Green
Green
flash
Not flash
Not flash
Initializing hardware and
operating system
Loading programmable devices
Initializing BIOS
0.5
Long
BIOS operating
OFF
Not flash
Yellow
Green
Yellow
flash
Green
flash
Green
flash
Not flash
Not flash
Initializing hardware and
operating system
Loading programmable devices
Initializing BIOS
0.5
13
Loading host software
0.1
38
Initializing host software
Long
The host software is running
System status
Green stands for Normal, Yellow for Minor Alarm and Red for Critical Alarm
Red and green alternative flash (flash interval is 1 second) -- eastern optical fiber
breakout. Eastern optical fiber means the optical fiber used to cascade BTS.
Red and yellow alternative flash (flash interval is 1 second) -- western or two direction
optical fibers breakout. Western optical fiber means the optical fiber used to access the
transmission system.
Caution:
In Table A-2:
"OFF" means that the indicator is off. The items to the right respectively indicate the OFF duration and the
program status;
"Yellow" means that the yellow indicator stays ON all the time. The items to the right respectively indicate
the ON duration and the program status;
"Green" means that the yellow indicator stays ON all the time. The items to the right respectively indicate
the ON duration and the program status;
"Yellow Flash" means that the yellow indicator keeps flashing. The items to the right respectively indicate
the flashing interval, flashing duration and the program status;
"Green Flash" means that the green indicator keeps flashing. The items to the right respectively indicate
the flashing interval, flashing duration and the program status;
It takes about 1 minute from MASU power-on to normal operation.
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User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Appendix A Module Maintenance Window Introduction
II. Maintenance window interface
Table A-3 Interfaces in MBPM maintenance window
Interface
PP2S
10M
ASU_ETH/MBPB
_232
MBPB_ETH
RST
S1
S2
Function
2-second signal interface for test
10MHz signal interface for test
MASU network port / MBPB serial port for internal test
MBPB network port for local maintenance
Reset button
An 8-digit DIP switch, with its default status as OFF. It should interwork with S2.
An 8-digit DIP switch, with its default status as OFF.
Table A-4 S1 DIP switch
DIP
switch
No.
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
Impedance: 120 ohm
Select 75 ohm for E1/T1.
Select E1
The output E1/T1 is not
grounded.
MBPB is not powered off.
MASU is not powered off.
The output E1/T1 of the
module is provided by
MASU.
ON
OFF
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
Impedan OFF
Impedance: 100 ohm
ce: 75 ON
ohm
Select 120 ohm for E1/T1.
Select T1
The output E1/T1 are grounded
MBPB is powered off.
ON
MASU is powered off. The output E1/T1 of
the module is provided by MBPB.
ON
ON
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
Select MBPB to provide output E1/T1 of
MBPM.
Table A-5 S2 DIP switch
DIP
switch
No.
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
ON
ON
Select MASU to provide
output E1/T1 of MBPM.
A.2 BTRM
I. Indicators in maintenance window
Table A-6 Indicators in MTRM maintenance window
Indicator
RUN
Color
Green
Meaning
Operation
indicator
Description
Fast flash (at 4Hz): MTRM is not started or
software downloading is in progress.
Slow flash (at 0.5Hz): MTRM is working normally.
Other: The board is faulty.
A-3
Normal
Slow flash (at
0.5Hz)
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
Indicator
BTS Maintenance
Appendix A Module Maintenance Window Introduction
Color
Meaning
ALM
Red
Alarm
indicator
ACT
Green
Operation
indicator
Description
Normal
Fast flash (at 4Hz): Critical alarm
Slow flash (at 0.5Hz): Major alarm
Slow flash (at 0.25Hz): Minor alarm
OFF: No alarm
ON: BTRM is working normally and the clock is
locked.
Slow flash (at 0.25Hz): Monitor link alarm
Slow flash (at 0.5Hz): The clock has not been
locked or cannot be locked.
OFF
ON
II. Maintenance window interface
Table A-7 Interfaces in MTRM maintenance window
Interface
10M
COM
RST
TRX_ID
PP2S
TX_TEST
LOAD
Function
10MHz-signal interface
Serial communication interface for internal use
Reset button
An 4-digit DIP switch
2-second signal interface
Test button used in forward local pilot transmission
Jumper for internal use
Table A-8 TRX_ID DIP switch
DIP switch No.
This bit is invalid,
and the default
status is off
ON (0)
ON (0)
ON (0)
ON (0)
OFF (1)
OFF (1)
OFF (1)
ON (0)
ON (0)
OFF (1)
OFF (1)
ON (0)
ON (0)
OFF (1)
ON (0)
OFF (1)
ON (0)
OFF (1)
ON (0)
OFF (1)
ON (0)
MTRM No.
& Note:
The MTRM No. of BTS3601C is 0, when ODU3601Cs are cascaded, the. MTRM No. of ODU3601C of
level 1 is 1, and the MTRM No. of BTS3601C of level 2 is 2, and the rest may be deduced by analogy.
When ODU3601Cs are cascaded to the BTS3612, the. MTRM No. of ODU3601C of level 1 is 0, and the.
MTRM No. of ODU3601C of level 2 is 1, and the rest may be deduced by analogy.
A.3 MPAM
No maintenance window is available.
A-4
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Appendix A Module Maintenance Window Introduction
A.4 MFEM
No indicators are on MFEM. Interfaces in the MFEM maintenance window are
described in the following table.
Table A-9 Interfaces in MFEM maintenance window
Interface
TX_TST
RXM_TST
RXD_TST
Function
Used for coupling test of output power ( degree of coupling: -30±1dB)
Used for coupling test of main received signals
Used for coupling test of diversity received signals
A.5 MAPM
Figure A-1 shows the MAPM maintenance window.
INPUT
MCU
FAIL
DRU0
OUTPUT
DRU1
ON
OFF
Figure A-1 MAPM maintenance window
Indicators in MAPM maintenance window are described in Table A-10.
Table A-10 Indicators in MAPM maintenance window
Indicator
Color
Meaning
INPUT
Green
Power supply
FAIL
Red
Module alarm
OUTPUT
Green
MCU
DRU0
DRU1
Green
Green
Green
Power supply
system
Description
ON: Normal
OFF: Abnormal
ON: Alarm
OFF: Normal
ON: Normal
OFF: Abnormal
These three indicators are reserved in BTS3601C.
A-5
Normal
ON
OFF
ON
BTS Maintenance
Appendix B Return Loss, VSWR and
Reflection Coefficient
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
Appendix B Return Loss, VSWR and Reflection
Coefficient
Return loss (dB)
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Voltage Standing Wave
Ratio (VSWR)
4.41943
3.56977
3.00952
2.61457
2.32285
2.09988
1.92495
1.78489
1.6709
1.57689
1.49852
1.43258
1.37668
1.32898
1.28805
1.25276
1.22222
1.19569
1.17257
1.15238
1.13469
1.11917
1.10553
1.09351
1.08292
1.07357
1.06531
1.058
1.05153
1.0458
1.04072
1.03621
1.03221
1.02866
1.0255
1.0227
1.0202
1.01799
1.01601
1.01426
1.0127
1.01131
1.01007
1.00897
1.00799
1.00712
1.00634
Reflection Coefficient G
0.63096
0.56234
0.50119
0.44668
0.39811
0.35481
0.31623
0.28184
0.25119
0.22387
0.19953
0.17783
0.15849
0.14125
0.12589
0.1122
0.1
0.08913
0.07943
0.07079
0.0631
0.05623
0.05012
0.04467
0.03981
0.03548
0.03162
0.02818
0.02512
0.02239
0.01995
0.01778
0.01585
0.01413
0.01259
0.01122
0.01
0.00891
0.00794
0.00708
0.00631
0.00562
0.00501
0.00447
0.00398
0.00355
0.00316
B-1
BTS Maintenance
Appendix B Return Loss, VSWR and
Reflection Coefficient
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
The calculation formulas for reflection coefficient G, Return Loss (RL), and VSWR are
listed in the following table:
Reflection Coefficient Γ
Γ=
Γ=
Γ=
Ureflected
Uforward
alg ( RL)
20
VSWR−1
VSWR+1
VSWR
VSWR=
Return loss(dB)
Uforward+Ureflected
Uforward Ureflected
VSWR=
VSWR =
1+Γ
1−Γ
RL= 20lg
Ureflected
RL= 20lg
Γ
RL= 20lg
VSWR+1
VSWR−1
alg ( RL )+ 1
20
alg ( RL )− 1
20
Uforward
Uforward stands for forward voltage while Ureflected stands for reflected voltage.
B-2
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Appendix C Near Command Index
Appendix C Near Command Index
BTS3601C supports two kinds of users, with their names fixedly as system and guest.
The system users can execute all commands, while guest users can execute only part
of the commands.
In the following commands index, mark “ ” means that the corresponding user can
execute the corresponding command, while "%" means the contrary.
Command
ADD BTSCELL
BLK BTSRES
DSP BTSBRDELECLBL
DSP BTSBRDSPECSTAT
DSP BTSBRDSTAT
DSP BTSBRDVER
DSP BTSBRDWARNTHD
DSP BTSCFG
DSP BTSE1TS
DSP BTSETHERIP
DSP BTSIFSTAT
DSP BTSLOG
DSP BTSSERVICEPARA
HELP
LST BTSCURALM
LST BTSHISALM
MOD BTSPWD
RMV BTSCELL
RMV BTSCFG
RMV BTSHISALM
RST BTSBRD
SAV BTSCFG
SET BTSAUTOCFG
SET BTSCLK
SET BTSCLKSRCMODE
SET BTSCPPARA
SET BTSE1TS
SET BTSETHERIP
SET BTSGPSCLK
SET BTSMBPBWARNTHD
SET BTSODUWARNTHD
SET BTSPOWEROFF
SET BTSSERVICEPARA
SET BTSSIGLNK
SET BTSTRFLNK
STP BTSE1TST
STP BTSIFTRC
STP BTSLPBACKTST
STP BTSRESTRC
STR BTS
STR BTSE1TST
STR BTSIFTRC
Meaning
Add BTS Cell
Block BTS Cell Resource
Query BTS Board Electronic Label
Query BTS Board Special Status
Query BTS Board Status
Query Board Version Information
Query Board Alarm Threshold
Query BTS Configuration Data
Query E1 TS Configuration
Query BTS Ethernet IP address
Query BTS Interface Status
Query BTS Log
Query BTS Service Parameter
Help command
Query BTS Current Alarm
Query BTS History Alarm
Modify user password
Delete BTS Cell
Delete BTS Configuration Data
Delete BTS History Alarm
Reset BTS Board
Save BTS Configuration Data
Start BTS Auto Configuration
Set BTS Clock Parameter
Set BTS Clock Source Work Mode
Set BTS CP Parameter
Configure E1 TS
Set BTS Ethernet IP Address
Set BTS GPS Clock Parameter
Set MBPB Environment Alarm Threshold
Set MTRB Environment Alarm Threshold
Cut Off BTS Power
Set BTS Service Parameter
Set BTS Signaling Link
Set BTS Traffic Link
Stop BTS E1 Test
Stop BTS Interface Message Tracing
Stop Board Loopback Test
Stop BTS Resource Tracing
Startup BTS
Start BTS E1 Test
Stop BTS Interface Message Tracing
C-1
Level
system
guest
User Manual
iSiteC BTS3601C CDMA Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Appendix C Near Command Index
Command
STR BTSLPBACKTST
STR BTSRESTRC
UBL BTSRES
Meaning
Start Board Loopback Test
Start BTS Resource Tracing
Unblock BTS Resource
C-2
Level
system
guest
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