Huawei Technologies CBTS3612-800 CDMA Base Station User Manual 0 Table of Contents

Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd CDMA Base Station 0 Table of Contents

Contents

User Manual

HUAWEI®
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base
Station
User Manual
V100R001
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station
User Manual
Manual Version T2-030160-20020720-C-1.20
Product Version V100R001
BOM 31013260
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Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station User Manual
Version: T2-030160-20020720-C-1.20
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About This Manual
Contents
The manual introduces the insulation methods and procedure of cBTS3612-800. It is
divided into three modules:
l Module 1: System Description
1. System Overview
2 Hardware Architecture
3 Software Architecture
4 System Function
5 System Configuration
Appendix A Technical Indices of Receiver and Transmitter
Appendix B EMC Indices
Appendix C Environment Indices
Appendix D Standard Compliance
Appendix E Abbreviation
l Module 2: BTS Maintenance
Sub Module 1 Routine Maintenance Instructions
Sub Module 2 Common Fault Analysis and Locating
Sub Module 3 Board and Part Replacement
Sub Module 4 Board Indicators and DIP Switches
Target Readers
The manual is intended for the following readers:
l Engineers & technicians
l Operation & maintenance personnel
Conventions
This document uses the following conventions:
I. General conventions
Convention Description
Arial Normal paragraphs are in Arial.
Arial Narrow Warnings, cautions, notes and tips are in Arial Narrow.
Terminal Display Terminal Display is in Courier New; message input by the user
via the terminal is in boldface.
II. Command conventions
Convention Description
boldface font Command keywords (which must be input unchanged) are in boldface.
italic font Command arguments for which you supply values are in italics.
[ ] Elements in square brackets [ ] are optional.
{ x | y | ... } Alternative keywords are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars. One is
selected.
[ x | y | ... ] Optional alternative keywords are grouped in square brackets and separated by
vertical bars. One (or none) is selected.
{ x | y | ... } * Alternative keywords are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars. A
minimum of one and maximum of all can be selected.
[ x | y | ... ] * Optional alternative keywords are grouped in square brackets and separated by
vertical bars. Many (or none) are selected.
! A line starting with an exclamation mark is comments.
III. GUI conventions
Convention Description
< > Message entered via the terminal is within angle brackets.
[ ] MMIs, menu items, data table and field names are inside square brackets [ ].
/ Multi-level menus are separated by forward slashes (/). Menu items are in
boldface. For example, [File/Create/Folder].
IV. Keyboard operation
Format Description
<Key> Press the key with key name expressed with a pointed bracket, e.g.
<Enter>, <Tab>, <Backspace>, or<A>.
<Key1+Key2> Press the keys concurrently; e.g. <Ctrl+Alt+A>means the three keys should
be pressed concurrently.
<Key1, Key2> Press the keys in turn, e.g. <Alt, A>means the two keys should be pressed
in turn.
[Menu Option] The item with a square bracket indicates the menu option, e.g. [System]
option on the main menu. The item with a pointed bracket indicates the
functional button option, e.g. <OK> button on some interface.
[Menu1/Menu2/Menu3] Multi-level menu options, e.g. [System/Option/Color setup] on the main
menu indicates [Color Setup] on the menu option of [Option], which is on
the menu option of [System].
V. Mouse operation
Action Description
Click Press the left button or right button quickly (left button by default).
Double Click Press the left button twice continuously and quickly.
Drag Press and hold the left button and drag it to a certain position.
VI. Symbols
Eye-catching symbols are also used in this document to highlight the points worthy of
special attention during the operation. They are defined as follows:
Caution, Warning, Danger: Means reader be extremely careful during the operation.
& Note Comment, Tip, Knowhow, Thought: Means a complementary description.
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Table of Contents
2 Hardware Architecture ...............................................................................................................2-1
2.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................2-1
2.2 Baseband Subsystem ........................................................................................................2-4
2.2.1 Overview..................................................................................................................2-4
2.2.2 Control & Clock Module (BCKM).............................................................................2-6
2.2.3 Control Interface Module (BCIM).............................................................................2-8
2.2.4 Channel Processing Module (BCPM)......................................................................2-9
2.2.5 Resource Distribution Module (BRDM) .................................................................2-11
2.2.6 Baseband Backplane Module (CBKM)..................................................................2-13
2.2.7 E1 Surge Protector (BESP) ...................................................................................2-14
2.2.8 Fan Module (BFAN)...............................................................................................2-16
2.3 RF Subsystem..................................................................................................................2-19
2.3.1 Overview................................................................................................................2-19
2.3.2 Transceiver Module (BTRM) .................................................................................2-20
2.3.3 High Power Amplifier Module (BHPA)...................................................................2-24
2.3.4 Transceiver Backplane Module (BTBM)................................................................2-26
2.3.5 Combining Duplexer Unit (CDU) ...........................................................................2-27
2.3.6 Duplexer Filter Unit (DFU) .....................................................................................2-28
2.3.7 Receive LNA Distribution Unit (RLDU)..................................................................2-30
2.3.8 RF Fan Module (BRFM) ........................................................................................2-32
2.4 Antenna & Feeder Subsystem.........................................................................................2-35
2.4.1 Overview................................................................................................................2-35
2.4.2 RF Antenna & Feeder............................................................................................2-35
2.4.3 Dual-Satellite Synchronization Antenna & Feeder................................................2-37
2.5 Power Supply Subsystem ................................................................................................2-39
2.5.1 Overview................................................................................................................2-39
2.5.2 General Structure ..................................................................................................2-40
2.5.3 Technical Indices...................................................................................................2-40
2.5.4 Power Supply Monitoring.......................................................................................2-43
2.5.5 BTS Direct Current Switchbox (BDCS) .................................................................2-43
2.6 Environment Monitoring ...................................................................................................2-43
2.6.1 Alarm Box Input .....................................................................................................2-44
2.6.2 Alarm Indicator.......................................................................................................2-44
2.6.3 Interface of Executive Mechanism.........................................................................2-45
2.6.4 Communication......................................................................................................2-45
2.7 Lightning Protection System ............................................................................................2-45
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2.7.1 Overview................................................................................................................2-45
2.7.2 Lightning Protection for DC ...................................................................................2-46
2.7.3 Lightning Protection for Trunk Line........................................................................2-47
2.7.4 Lightning Protection for Antenna & Feeder Port....................................................2-50
3 Software Architecture.................................................................................................................3-1
3.1 Overall Architecture............................................................................................................3-1
3.2 Module Description.............................................................................................................3-2
3.2.1 Main Control Software .............................................................................................3-2
3.2.2 O&M Software .........................................................................................................3-4
3.2.3 Clock Software.........................................................................................................3-5
3.2.4 BCIM Software.........................................................................................................3-6
3.2.5 BCPM Software .......................................................................................................3-7
3.2.6 BRDM Software.......................................................................................................3-8
3.2.7 BTRM Software .......................................................................................................3-8
4 System Function.........................................................................................................................4-1
4.1 Transmission Networking...................................................................................................4-1
4.2 Call Procedure....................................................................................................................4-2
4.2.1 Speech Service Call Procedure...............................................................................4-2
4.2.2 Data Service Call Procedure ...................................................................................4-5
4.3 Signaling Processing..........................................................................................................4-8
4.4 Baseband Processing ........................................................................................................4-9
4.5 RF Functions....................................................................................................................4-10
4.5.1 Power Control........................................................................................................4-10
4.5.2 Handoff ..................................................................................................................4-12
4.5.3 Flexible Configuration............................................................................................4-13
4.5.4 Radio Configuration and Channel Support............................................................4-13
4.5.5 Easy Installation, Operation and Maintenance......................................................4-17
4.5.6 Receive Diversity and Transmit Diversity..............................................................4-17
4.5.7 Cell Breath.............................................................................................................4-18
4.6 Operation and Maintenance.............................................................................................4-18
4.6.1 Software Downloading...........................................................................................4-18
4.6.2 Interface Management...........................................................................................4-19
4.6.3 Test Management..................................................................................................4-19
4.6.4 Status Management...............................................................................................4-20
4.6.5 Event Reporting and Processing...........................................................................4-21
4.6.6 Equipment Management .......................................................................................4-22
4.6.7 Site Configuration ..................................................................................................4-23
4.6.8 Operation Status Tracing.......................................................................................4-24
4.6.9 Other Functions .....................................................................................................4-24
5 System Configuration.................................................................................................................5-1
5.1 Configuration Overview......................................................................................................5-1
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5.1.1 Basic/Extended Cabinet Configuration....................................................................5-1
5.1.2 Baseband Subrack Configuration............................................................................5-4
5.1.3 Power Supply Subrack Configuration......................................................................5-5
5.1.4 RF Part Configuration..............................................................................................5-6
5.1.5 Configuration of Antenna Parts ...............................................................................5-6
5.2 Typical Configurations........................................................................................................5-6
5.2.1 O(1) Configuration ...................................................................................................5-7
5.2.2 S(1/1/1) Configuration..............................................................................................5-9
5.2.3 S(2/2/2) Configuration............................................................................................5-10
5.2.4 S(3/3/3) Configuration............................................................................................5-11
Appendix A Technical Performance of Receiver and Transmitter .......................................... A-1
A.1 Performance of Receiver .................................................................................................. A-1
A.1.1 Frequency Coverage.............................................................................................. A-1
A.1.2 Access Probe Acquisition....................................................................................... A-1
A.1.3 Reverse Traffic Channel (R-TCH) Demodulation Performance............................. A-1
A.1.4 Receiving Performance.......................................................................................... A-7
A.1.5 Limitations on Emissions........................................................................................ A-8
A.1.6 Received Signal Quality Indicator (RSQI).............................................................. A-8
A.2 Performance of Transmitter.............................................................................................. A-9
A.2.1 Frequency Requirements....................................................................................... A-9
A.2.2 Modulation Requirements ...................................................................................... A-9
A.2.3 RF Output Power Requirement............................................................................ A-10
A.2.4 Limitations on Emissions...................................................................................... A-10
Appendix B EMC Performance.................................................................................................... B-1
B.1 EMI Performance.............................................................................................................. B-1
B.2 EMS Performance............................................................................................................. B-1
Appendix C Environment Performance...................................................................................... C-1
C.1 Ambient Temperature and Humidity................................................................................. C-1
C.2 Cleanness......................................................................................................................... C-1
C.3 Illumination........................................................................................................................ C-2
C.4 Atmospheric Condition...................................................................................................... C-2
Appendix D Electromagnetic Radiation......................................................................................... D-1
D.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... D-1
D.2 Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE)........................................................................... D-1
D.3 Calculation of the Safe Distance ...................................................................................... D-3
D.4 Prediction of the Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields...................................................... D-3
D.5 Calculation of the Safe Distance ...................................................................................... D-3
D.6 Location of Base station antennas ................................................................................... D-4
D.6.1 Exclusions Zones:.................................................................................................. D-4
D.6.2 Guidelines on arranging antenna sites: .................................................................D-4
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Appendix E Standard Compliance.............................................................................................. E-1
E.1 Um Interface ..................................................................................................................... E-1
E.2 Abis Interface .................................................................................................................... E-1
E.3 Lightning Protection .......................................................................................................... E-2
E.4 Safety................................................................................................................................ E-2
Appendix F Abbreviation ..............................................................................................................F-1
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1 System Overview
This chapter firstly presents an overview to the cBTS3612-800 base station system,
then briefs the system features, technical index and external interfaces, followed by
and introduction to the system reliability design in aspects of hardware and software.
By reading this chapter, users can have a basic understanding of cBTS3612-800.
1.1 System Overview
The cdma2000 1X mobile communication system comprises the Base Station
Subsystem (BSS) and the Core Network (CN). The BSS comprises the Base
Transceiver Station (BTS), Base Station Controller (BSC) and Packet Control
Function (PCF), while the CN comprises the packet domain network and circuit
domain network. The equipment of packet domain inter-works with Internet, and that
of the circuit field inter-works with the conventional PLMN and PSTN/ISDN. The
system's operation and maintenance is implemented via the mobile integrated
network management system (iManager M2000).
The position of BTS in CDMA system is as shown in Figure 1-2.
Internet
PSTN/ISDN
PLMN
A3/A7
A1/A2
A10/A11
Abis
A1/A2
MS
Mobile Network
Management System
SoftSite
BSC/PCF
BSC/PCF
BTS
BTS
BTS
MS
MS
BTS
SoftSite
Packet Domain
Network Equipment
Circuit Domain
Network
Equipment
A10/A11
SoftSite
Abis
BTS
SDH
BTS
MS: Mobile Station BTS: Base Transceiver Station
BSC: Base Station Controller ISDN: Integrated Service Data Network
PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network
PCF: Packet Control Function Softsite: Soft Site
BSS: Base Station Subsystem CN: Core Network
Internet: Internet
Figure 1-1 Network structure of cdma2000 1X mobile communication system
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cBTS3612-800 is located between the Base Station Controller (BSC) and the Mobile
Station (MS) in the cdma2000 1X mobile communication system.
Under the control of the BSC, the cBTS3612-800 serves as the wireless transceiving
equipment of one cell or multiple logical sectors. By connecting to BSC via the Abis
interface, it assists the BSC with the radio resource management, radio parameter
management and interface management. It also implements, via the Um interface,
the radio transmission between the BTS and the MS as well as related control
functions.
cBTS3612-800 cabinet is as shown in Figure 1-2.
RF subrack
CDU/RLDU subrack
Fan subrack
Baseband subrack
RF subrack
Power subrack
Figure 1-2 cBTS3612-800 cabinet
cBTS3612-800 has the following functions:
I. Interface function
1) Um interface supports cdma2000 1X. Its basic features meet the requirement of
cdma2000 Release A. It is fully compatible with IS-95A/B. The physical layer
supports a rate as high as 307.2kbit/s. It supports hard handoff, soft handoff and
softer handoff. It also supports fast forward power control, slow forward power
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control, fast reverse power control and reverse open-loop power control. It
further supports omni-cell, directional 3 sectors and 6 sectors configurations.
2) Abis interface supports E1/T1 trunk mode and optical fiber transmission mode
(optical fiber transmission mode will be available in the coming version). E1/T1
trunk mode supports as many as 16xE1/T1 trunk lines and optical fiber
transmission mode will support 2 pairs of STM-1 optical fibers. It also supports
chain, star and tree networking modes.
II. Optional function
l Support Orthogonal Transmit Diversity (OTD) and Space Time Spreading (STS).
l Support softsite(ODU3601C) extended afar via optical fiber.
III. Basic functions of operation and maintenance
l Software downloading
l Abis interface management
l Air interface (Um) management
l Test management
l Status management
l Event report handling
l Equipment management
l Site configuration management
l BTS running tracing
l Telnet logon
1.2 System Features
cBTS3612-800 is a BTS of large capacity, high integration and low power
consumption. One cabinet can accommodate as many as 12 sector carriers. It caters
for the customer's needs in all aspects such as capacity, configuration, installation,
power supply, transmission and service. It's a typical "All In One" BTS. Its features are
highlighted as follows:
1.2.1 Advanced Technology and Excellent Performance
Advanced architecture, well-developed Huawei ATM platform and cell switching &
broadband processing technology, providing standard interface, and open application.
Designed with the resource pool mode, which helps increase the availability of
hardware resources and the system's fault-tolerance.
Equipped with the digital intermediate frequency technology to enhance the signal
processing capability.
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Designed with the technology of diversity receiving and transmission to improve the
radio signal transceiving performance.
Supporting remote installation of the softsite via optical fiber and able to realize
flexible networking
Equipped with the blind mate technology on the radio frequency module for
convenient maintenance.
Controlled with intelligent fans which prolongs the fan's service life and reduces its
noise.
1.2.2 Protecting User Investment
The cBTS3612-800 is compatible with IS-95A/B. It can be added to on the existing
IS-95 network, and through channel assignment, can support both IS-95 or
cdma2000 1X equipment on the network, so no equipment modification is needed
when upgrading the entire network.
The cBTS3612-800 features large-capacity design, modular structure and high
integration. A single cabinet can accommodate up to 12 sector carriers. It also
supports 36 sector carriers with three fully configured cabinets combined together.
Its baseband processing employs the resources pool design to reduce equipment
redundancy and improve reliability.
Its Abis interface supports 16 E1s or 2 STM-1 optical interfaces (in the coming
version), oriented to future high-speed data service.
Its excellent inheritance guarantees the original antenna and feeder equipment
(including CDU, DFU, RLDU, antenna, feeder and the optional tower-top amplifier)
can be fully used in the event of BTS expansion or upgrade.
1.2.3 Convenient Operation and Maintenance
Emergency serial ports are provided for the board and system operation to ensure the
alarm information to be reported in the case of communication link fault so as to raise
the effective and real-time level of maintenance.
Supporting the real-time status query, online board test and system fault locating as
well as system restart.
Provided with a Telnet Server so that the user can log in to the BTS via the local
Ethernet interface in the standard Telnet mode to performance O&M.
Supporting the Modem dial-up so that the remote O&M can be performed.
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All boards and modules support hot plug/unplug for the sake of ready maintenance,
upgrade and expansion.
Blind mate of the radio frequency module guarantees that all operations can be done
at the front side of the equipment. During expansion and configuration, wiring at the
back need not be modified.
Its modularized structure reduces the internal connections and improves the reliability
of the system, and thus makes the installation and maintenance easier.
In the case of whole BTS interruption due to power supply or transmission causes,
the cBTS3612-800 system can restart automatically right after the faults are cleared.
1.2.4 Flexible Networking Mode
I. Suitable for networking of large capacity and broad coverage
l A single cabinet supports as many as 12 sector carriers. 3 spliced cabinets
provide a maximum capacity of 36 sector carriers.
l Large capacity trunk. Abis interface of BTS can support as many as 16xE1
transmission. The coming version will support STM-1 optical transmission in
ATM mode at Abis interface and provide two STM-1 ports for Abis interface
trunk.
l Support multiple BTS configurations such as omni 4 carriers, 1%3, 2%3, 12%3,
6%6 (carrier%sector).
II. Support multiple BTS networking modes such as chain, star and tree
Refer to "4.1 Transmission Networking" for details.
III. Soft BTS networking (the SoftSite will be available in the coming version)
IV.
In this networking mode, the baseband adopts the centralized processing mode. The
baseband signals and maintenance information are transferred through the fiber to
the SoftSite (ODU3601C). The SoftSite can be applied indoors, outdoors or
underground, and so on.
The SoftSite, small in size, is equipped with built-in power supply, temperature
regulator and environment monitoring device. It can be used in severe environments,
e.g. outdoors. The feeder loss of the SoftSite is trivial, making large coverage of
macro cells possible.
SoftSites in the chain-networking mode are applicable to highways and subways. A
maximum of 6 SoftSites can be connected in serial in one optical fiber.
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1.2.5 Advanced and Reliable Power Supply System
DC/DC power supply with -48V DC power input, +27V DC output. The whole power
supply system is composed of 5 modules in full configuration, with automatic current
equalization function, 4+1 backup, meeting the requirement of 8000W power supply.
Current equalization hot backup, centralized management, and decentralized power
supply. It makes the power supply system safer and more reliable. It provides
automatic alarming and reverse connection protection through monitoring interface to
the power fan, input under-voltage, output over-voltage and overheat. This ensures
the safety of the power system. Remote power on/off function provides unattended
BTS operation and remote maintenance.
1.3 Technical Index
1.3.1 General index
I. Standard for structure design, physical appearance and dimension
1) Structure design complies with IEC297 standard and IEEE standard
2) Dimension of the cabinet
l Height: 1800mm
l Width: 800mm
l Depth: 650mm
3) Package dimension of the cabinet should be not more than
l Height: 1900mm
l Width: 900mm
l Depth: 750mm
4) Physical appearance of PCB and the dimension for installation
l Base band board dimension: 33.35mm (H)%460mm (D), 2.5mm thick
l Base band backplane dimension: 664.00mm (W)%262.00mm (H), 4.8mm thick
II. Input power
-48V DC: -40~-60VDC
III. Power consumption
The maximum power consumption of a single cabinet in full configuration is no more
than 7000W.
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IV. Weight
The weight of a single cabinet in full configuration should not exceed 450kg.
Weight bearing of the equipment room (battery weight not considered): 6kN/m2
Power consumption of a BTS with typical configuration and the weight of the cabinet:
BTS configuration Power consumption (W) Weight (kg)
S(1/1/1) <2000 351
S(2/2/2) <3500 388
S(4/4/4) <7000 500
V. Working frequency band
BTS working frequency band:
l BTS receiver (RX): 824 ~ 849MHz
l BTS transmitter (TX): 869 ~ 894MHz
VI. Clock parameter
Frequency: 10MHz, precision must be within !0.5Hz before delivery.
Temperature characteristics: <!0.2%10-7, one-hour test after heating up for 15 minutes
Annual aging rate: <!0.5%10-9
VII. Receiver sensitivity
Better than-126dBm (tested according to TAI/EIA-97D)
VIII. Transmit power
The maximum power of each 1.23M carrier measured at the feeder port on the top of
the BTS is 20W.
1.3.2 Radio Interface Index
BTS receiver and transmitter work in 824~849MHz band and 869~894MHz band
respectively. The performance meets or exceeds the requirement specified in TIA/EIA
IS-97-D Recommended Minimum Performance Specification for cdma2000 Spread
Spectrum Base Station. Refer to "Appendix A Technical Performance of Receiver and
Transmitter " for details.
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1.3.3 Environment Index
In terms of environment adaptability, cBTS3612-800 conforms with the following
specifications:
IEC 60721-3 series, IEC 60068-2 and ETS 300 019-2 series. For details, please refer
to Appendix C Environment Performance.
1.3.4 EMC Index
EMC specification of cBTS3612-800 conforms with ETSI EN 300 386
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM),
Telecommunication network equipment, ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
requirements, which are world-adopted standards. For details, please refer to
Appendix B EMC Performance.
1.3.5 Noise
In compliance with ETS 300 753 Noise Requirement for telecommunication
equipment and base station environment, BTS is designed in compliance with the
requirement of a dedicated telecommunication equipment room, where noise should
be less than 72dB. Actually the equipment noise is less than 70dB.
1.3.6 Environmental Protection
BTS protects environment in stages of designing, manufacturing and running.
Following environment friendly principles should be observed:
l Reduce power consumption of products whenever possible.
l Compactness of products and energy saving in product transportation.
l Recycle proposal attached to the product design.
l Materials used for the equipment do not produce hazardous gas (except CO and
HCl, which are inevitable). Do not use materials that may do harm to the
environment (such as BeO, ream, mercury, cadmium and siloxane).
1.4 External Interface
1.4.1 Overview
The external interfaces of cBTS3612-800 are shown in Figure 1-3.
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BTS
Abis interface
Um
interface
MS
Satellite Synchronization
interface
OML interface
Test
interface
Ethernet
interface Remote maintenance serial port
PSTN
Environment
alarm interface
Environment
alarm box
BSC OMC
LMF MODEM
Test
equipment
Figure 1-3 BTS external interface
l Um interface: interface with MS.
l Abis interface: interface with BSC.
l OML interface: interface with the remote OMC. It shares the transmission
resources with Abis interface
l LMF interface: interface with BTS local maintenance console.
l System synchronization interface: including GPS/GLONASS antenna interface
and system external synchronization interface. When GPS/GLONASS is not
available and there is other clock synchronization equipment, the clock
synchronization output of the equipment can be connected with the external
synchronization interface of BTS system.
l BTS test interface: provide interface for BTS test, such as 10MHz, 2s signal.
l Remote maintenance serial interface: another interface with remote console.
This is a standby maintenance interface when the active maintenance link
between OMC and BTS is interrupted.
l Environment alarm interface: interface with environment alarm collection box.
1.4.2 Um Interface
I. Um interface overview
In Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), MS is connected with the fixed part of the
network through the radio channel, which enables the subscribers to be connected
with the network and to attain communication service. To implement interconnection
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between MS and BSS, systematic rules and standards should be established for
signal transmission on radio channels. The standard for regulating the radio channel
signal transmission is called radio interface, or Um interface.
Um interface is the most important interface among the many interfaces of CDMA
system. Firstly, standardized radio interface ensures that MSs of different
manufacturers are fully compatible with different networks. This is one of the
fundamental conditions for the roaming function of CDMA system. Secondly, radio
interface defines the spectrum availability and capacity of CDMA system.
Um interface operates with the following features:
l Channels structure and access capacity.
l Communication protocol between MS and BSS.
l Maintenance and operation features.
l Performance features.
l Service features.
II. Um interface protocol mode
Um interface protocol stack can be in 3 layers, as shown in Figure 1-4.
Figure 1-4 Um interface layered structure
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l Layer 1 is the physical layer, i.e. the bottom layer. It includes various physical
channels, providing a basic radio channel for the transmission of higher layer
information.
l Layer 2 is the data link layer, including Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer
and Link Access Control (LAC) sublayer. The cdma2000 MAC sublayer performs
the mapping between logic channels and physical channels, and providing RLP
function. The cdma2000 LAC sublayer performs such functions as
authentication, ARQ, addressing and packet organization.
l Layer 3 is the top layer. It performs radio Resource Management (RM), Mobility
Management (MM) and Connection Management (CM) through the air interface.
III. Physical layer
1) Working band
Cellular band:
Reverse (MS?BTS): 824 ~ 849MHz.
Forward (BTS?MS): 869 ~ 894MHz.
Duplex spacing: 25MHz.
Channel bandwidth: 1.23MHz
Carrier spacing: 1.25MHz
2) Physical layer function
l Service bearer: the physical channel in the physical layer provides a bearer for
the logic channel of the higher layer.
l Bit error check: the physical layer provides a transmission service with error
protection, including error checking and error correction.
l User identification: the physical layer provides an exclusive ID for every user by
code division.
3) Radio configuration
The cdma2000 physical layer supports multiple Radio Configurations (RC). Different
RCs support different traffic channel data rates. For detailed introduction, please refer
to Section 4.5.4 Radio Configuration and Channel Support.
IV. Data link layer
Data link layer at Um interface includes two sublayers: MAC and LAC. The purpose of
introducing MAC and LAC is to:
l Support higher level services (signaling, voice, packet data and circuit data).
l Support data services of multiple rates (from 1.2kbit/s to 2Mbit/s).
l Support packet data service and circuit data service of higher quality (QoS).
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l Support multi-media service, i.e. processing voices, packet data and circuit data
of different QoS levels at the same time.
1) MAC sublayer
To support data service and multi-media service, cdma2000 1x provides powerful
MAC layer to ensure the reliability of services. MAC layer provides two important
functions:
l Provide radio link protocol (RLP), ensuring reliable transmission on the radio link.
l Provide multiplex function and QoS function, with diversified services and higher
service quality.
2) LAC sublayer
LAC layer performs such functions as ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request),
authentication and addressing.
V. Layer 3
The higher layer signaling performs the functions such as radio resource
management, mobility management and call control management of air interface.
1) Radio resource management
It is mainly used to create, operate and release radio channels, performing functions
such as soft switching, softer switching and hard switching.
2) Mobility management
It is mainly used to support the mobility features of the mobile user, performing such
functions as registration, authentication and TMSI re-distribution.
3) Call control
It is mainly used to create, maintain and terminate calls in circuit switching mode.
VI. Power control
Um interface utilizes power control technology to reduce the system interference and
improve the system capacity. There are forward power control and reverse power
control.
1) Forward power control supports closed-loop power control
Forward closed-loop power control means that MS checks the quality of received
frames and received power, makes judgment and sends request to BTS for
controlling BTS transmitting power. Then BTS adjusts its transmitting power
according to the request. Power control command is sent at a rate of 50bit/s or
800bit/s.
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Forward power control includes power control based on power measurement report,
control based on EIB, and quick forward power control.
2) Reverse power control includes open-loop power control and closed-loop power
control.
l Reverse open-loop power control means that MS adjusts its transmitting power
as the receiving power changes.
l Reverse closed-loop power control means that BTS compares the received MS
transmitting power with the preset power control threshold and sends power
control command based on the comparison. MS changes its transmitting power
as required by the received power control command. Power control commands
are transmitted on F-TCH at a rate of 800bit/s.
For more information about power control, please refer to Section 4.5.1 Power
Control.
VII. Handoff
Um interface can utilize many handoff technologies. It supports three types of handoff
in traffic channel communication:
1) Hard handoff: MS interrupts the connection with the old BTS before creating
connection with a new BTS.
2) Soft handoff: MS creates connection with a new BTS while maintaining the
connection with the existing one.
3) Softer handoff: soft handoff that occurs in different sectors of the same BTS.
Soft handoff technology can improve the rate of handoff success, reduce dropouts
and effectively improve the system performance.
For more information, please refer to Section 4.5.2 Handoff.
1.4.3 Abis Interface
I. Abis interface overview
Abis interface is defined as the interface between BSC and BTS, the two functional
entities in the base station subsystem (BSS). It is the interface for BTS accessing
BSC via the terrestrial link.
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1) Composition of Abis interface
Abis interface consists of three parts: Abis service, Abis signaling and OML signaling,
as shown in Figure 1-5.
Abis service is the interface connecting SDU of BSC and the channel unit of BTS. It is
used to bear user service.
Abis signaling is the signaling transmission channel between BSC and BTS. It is used
to control the cell setup, transmission of messages in paging channels and access
channels and call setup & release.
OML signaling is used to perform operation and maintenance. It is a customized
signaling by equipment manufacturers. In Abis interface, there is a transparent
channel, used to transmit customized signaling OML between OMC and OMU on
BTS.
SPU SDU
Abis Signaling
Abis Signaling
Abis Traffic
Abis Traffic
OML
OML
CEs CEs
BSC
BTS BTS
OMU MC
MC OMU
Abis Interface
SDU£ºSelection/Distribution Unit
MC£º Main Control
SPU£ºSignaling Process Unit CEs£º Channel Elements
OMU£ºOperation & Maintenace Unit
Figure 1-5 Composition of Abis interface
2) Protocol stack of Abis interface
The protocol stacks used by Abis signaling and the signaling performing operation &
maintenance are as follows:
Abis Signaling Application/OAM Application
TCP
IP
AAL5
ATM
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Physical Layer
Protocol stacks used by Abis service are as follows:
Abis Traffic
SSSAR
AAL2
ATM
Physical Layer
II. Physical layer of Abis interface
The physical layer of Abis interface can use E1/T1 interface or STM-1 interface.
With E1/T1 interface used, its physical electric parameters comply with CCITT G.703
recommendations. The multiple E1/T1 trunk lines transmit ATM cells by means of
inverse multiplexing on ATM (IMA).
III. Data link layer of Abis interface
ATM is used in the data link layer of Abis interface.
Signaling matches with AAL5 and is borne in IPOA (IP Over ATM) mode. At Abis
interface, Abis signaling path connects the main control software (MC) and SPU of
BSC via PVC to transmit Abis signaling. So it is with the transmission path of
signaling that performs operation & maintenance. It also uses PVC to connect OMU
of BTS and BSC, which will transmit it to OMC transparently. BSC does not process
any signaling that performs operation and maintenance.
Abis service adapts itself through AAL2. At Abis interface, BCPM uses several PVCs
to connect the channel unit of BTS and SDU of BSC, for BTS to transmit the uplink
data received from the air interface to BSC, and for BSC to transmit the downlink data
to be transmitted via the air interface to BTS.
IV. The Layer 3 of Abis interface--service management.
At Abis interface, Abis signaling and Abis service are in the domain of service
management. Specifically, Abis service management includes the following functions:
1) BTS logic operation & maintenance function
l Resource status indication: with this function, BTS requests logic configuration
from BSC, reports logic status to BSC and checks logic resource regularly.
l Cell configuration function: with this function, BSC configures logic parameters of
cells to BTS, specifically including cell pilot channel PN offset, sector gain, public
channel number and parameter.
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l General message updating: with this function, BSC configures or update general
message to BTS.
l Cell breath control function.
l Cell blocking function.
l Radio measurement report function.
2) Common channel management procedure
Paging channel management procedure: it is used to transmit paging channel
messages that BSC send to MSs through Abis interface.
Access channel management procedure: it is used to transmit access channel
messages that are received on the access channel of BTS to BSC through Abis
interface.
3) Procedure of dedicated channel creation and release
It is used to control the setup and release of air dedicated radio channel and Abis
interface terrestrial channel.
Abis interface supports the setup and release of various dedicated channels specified
in IS95A/B and cdma2000 1x, specifically including IS95-FCH, IS95-SCCH,
IS2000-FCH, IS2000-DCCH and IS2000-SCH.
Each radio channel is allocated with one AAL2 link on Abis interface to bear user
service data.
Caution:
Softer handoff is only allocated with one AAL2 link on Abis interface.
4) Service bearing procedure
BTS needs to process Abis interface frame protocol, to transmit the data received
from the reverse traffic channel at the air interface to BSC and the data that BSC
sends through the forward traffic channel at the air interface.
Traffic channel bearing procedure also performs functions such as AAL2 service
matching, time adjustment of service data frame, reverse external loop power control
adjustment and forward power control adjustment.
5) Power control
Abis interface supports various power controls of CDMA. Power control is performed
through setting parameters. Power control falls into 4 types: forward fast closed-loop
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power control, forward slow closed-loop power control, reverse fast closed-loop
power control and reverse open-loop power control.
1.4.4 OML Interface
OML interface is the interface between BTS and remote OMC. It is actually one of
Abis interface applications. But in the application layer, OML interface is the interface
between BTS and the remote OMC. OML interface shares resources of Abis interface,
including physical layer, ATM, AAL5 and TCP/IP. Refer to Abis interface.
OML interface is used for OMC to perform operation and maintenance to BTS. It is a
signaling defined by various manufacturers. On Abis interface, it is a transparent path.
1.4.5 LMF Interface
LMF interface is the interface between BTS and local maintenance function (LMF). Its
interface protocol stack is shown as below:
LMF Signaling Application (self-defined)
TCP
IP
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer (10/100 Base-T)
1.4.6 System Synchronization Interface
System synchronization interface includes GPS/GLONASS antenna interface and
system external synchronization interface.
1) GPS/GLONASS antenna interface: GPS is in compliance with ICD200c:
IRN-200C-001-IRN-200C-004: Interface Control Document of GPS. GLONASS is in
compliance with GPS/GLONASS Receiver Interface Language (GRIL).
2) System external synchronization interface: the external synchronization interface
without GSP/GLONASS is in compliance with the requirement of Technical
Specifications of Interface Between GPS/GLONASS Dual-Mode Receiver and Base
Station in CDMA Digital Cellular Mobile Communication Network.
1.4.7 BTS Test Interface
BTS test interface provides 10MHz and 2s signals that may be necessary for testers.
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1.4.8 Remote Maintenance Serial Port
Remote maintenance serial port is an RS-232 serial port, connected with PSTN via
an external Modem. It is used for emergence maintenance by dial-up with a modem
when OML between OMC and BTS is interrupted.
1.4.9 Environment Alarm Interface
Environment alarm interface is an RS-485 serial port, connected with the external
environment alarm collection box, performing a centralized monitoring to the
environment. A communication protocol defined by manufacturer is used between
BTS and the environment alarm collection box. Therefore, BTS must support an
environment alarm collection box of the matched type.
1.5 Reliability Design
Reliability design of a system is shown in the stability and reliability of the product
running.
Huawei cBTS3612-800 is designed based on reference to the following standards:
l YD/T 1029-1999 800MHz General Technical Specifications of CDMA Digital
Cellular Mobile Communication Network Equipment
l YD/T 1030-1999 800MHz Technical Requirement for Interface of CDMA Digital
Cellular Mobile Communication Network
l TIA/EIA/IS-97D Minimum Performance Standard of CDMA Base Station
l Huawei product reliability design index and related technical specifications
The design of all boards is in strict accordance with the requirement of above
standards pertaining to reliability design. Many measures have been taken to ensure
the reliability of boards. In addition, some key parts of the system are designed with
redundancy (such as active/standby mode and resource pool) to improve the
reliability of the system.
The reliability model of the system is as shown in Figure 1-6.
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GPWS
GPWS
Standby
BCKM
Active
BCKM
BCIM
BCIM BCPM
BCPM
1
12
BRDM
BRDM
6
1
BTRM
BTRM
1
6
1
36 BHPA
1
36
BHPA
RLDU
RLDU
RLDU
CDU
CDU
1
3
1
2
1
2
BCIM: BTS control interface module BCKM: BTS control & clock module
BCPM: BTS channel processing module BRDM: BTS resource distribution module
BTRM: BTS transceiver module BHPA: BTS high power amplifier unit
RLDU: Receive LNA distribution unit CDU: Combining duplexer unit
Figure 1-6 BTS reliability model
System reliability index:
MTBF: 100000 hours MTTR: 1 hour A : 99.999%
& Note:
Reliability refers to the product capability of performing specified functions in the specified conditions
and specified time.
There are 3 main index to describe the reliablity of a system:
MTBF: Mean Time Between Failures, normally applicable to recoverable systems.
MTTR: Mean Time To Repair, inlcuding the time of fault checking, isolation, unit replacement and
recovery.
A: Availability, a comprehensive index to measure the system availability.
1.5.1 Hardware Reliability Design
cBTS3612-800 is designed with substantial hardware reliability, such as board
active/standby mode, load sharing and redundancy configuration. In addition, system
maintainability is improved with fault checking and isolation technology on the board
and system. In respect of hardware reliability, the following considerations have been
taken:
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I. De-rating design
To improve system reliability and prolong the service life of components, components
are carefully selected and strictly tested, and less stress (electrical stress and
temperature stress) is to be borne than its designed rating.
II. Redundancy design
Redundant configuration of key units is applied in the BTS system. The system or
equipment will not fail unless the specified sets of units fail. In the BTS system
common measures such as active/standby and load-sharing modes are adopted, e.g.
for BCIM, BCPM and BCKM.
III. Selection and control of components
The category, specifications and manufacturers of the components are carefully
selected and reviewed according to the requirements of the product reliability and
maintainability. The replaceability and normalization of components is one of the main
factors for the decision, which help to reduce the types of components used and
hence improve the availability of the system.
IV. Board level reliability design
Many measures have been taken to improve the board reliability. Moreover, the
system reliability is improved through the redundancy design of key parts.
l Key circuits are designed by Huawei, which lays the foundation of high reliability.
l The hardware WATCHDOG is equipped for the board, and the board can
automatically reset in case of fault.
l The board is provided with the functions of over-current and over-voltage
protection and the function of temperature detection.
l The board also provides emergency serial port, and can keep contact with the
main control board in case of emergency.
l Strict thermal analysis and simulation tests are conducted during the design of
boards for the purpose of ensuring longtime operation.
l The board software and important data is stored in the non-volatile memory of
the boards, so that the board can be restarted when the software upgrading fails.
V. Overvoltage and overcurrent protection
The BTS system provides various means of over-voltage and over-current protection.
l Over-voltage and over-current hardware protection is provided for the DC/DC
power supply module.
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l For secondary power supply to boards, slow-start measures is taken to prevent
the great impact on the whole power supply load when the boards are powered
on. Fuse is installed for each board against over-current.
l For E1 interface circuit, serial-port circuit and network interface circuit, protection
measures are taken in accordance with the corresponding design specifications
of Huawei.
VI. Power supply reliability
The reliability of power supply is improved by means of over-current and over-voltage
protection, internal temperature adjustment, and redundancy backup.
VII. Fault detection, location and removal
The BTS system is equipped with the functions of self-detection and fault diagnosis
that can record and output various faults. The common software and hardware faults
can be corrected automatically.
The hardware fault detection functions include fault locating, isolating and automatic
switchover. The maintenance engineers can identify the faulty boards easily with the
help of the maintenance console.
When faults occur to software, certain automatic error-correction function like will be
executed, including restarting and reloading.
The BTS system also provides manual and automatic re-initialization of different
levels, and supports the reloading of configuration data files and board execution
programs.
VIII. Fault tolerance
When faults occur, the line usually will not be blocked, as the BTS system provides
the E1 connection in conformity with the IMA protocol, and has certain line backup
capabilities.
The boards of important devices in the system have been backed up, ensuring that
the BTS system can switch the service from the faulty board to a normal board, or
perform reconfiguration of the system.
The system will make a final confirmation on a hardware fault through repeated
detection, thus avoiding the system reconfiguration of QoS deterioration due to
contingent faults.
IX. Thermal design
The influence of temperature on the BTS system has been considered in the design
of the system. Thermal design primarily concerns the selection of components, circuit
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design (including error tolerance, drift design and derating design), structure design
and heat dissipation, so that the BTS system can work reliably in a wide range of
temperatures.
The first consideration in thermal design is to balance the heat distribution of the
system. Corresponding measures are taken in the place where heat is more likely to
be accumulated.
X. Maintainability
The purpose of maintainability design is to define the workload and nature of the
maintenance, so as to cut the maintenance time. The main approaches adopted
include standardization, modularization, error prevention, and testability improvement
which can simplify the product maintenance work.
XI. EMC design
The design should ensure that cBTS3612-800 would not degrade to an unacceptable
level due to the electromagnetic interference from other equipment in the same
electromagnetic environment. At the same time, cBTS3612-800 will not cause other
equipment in the same electromagnetic environment to degrade to an unacceptable
level due to the EMI from it.
XII. Electromagnetic compatibility
Proper measures are applied to ensure that the BTS system performance will not be
degraded due to the electromagnetic interference from other devices in the same
electromagnetic environment, nor will other devices or systems in the same
environment be degraded by the BTS system.
1.5.2 Software Reliability Measures
Software reliability mainly includes protection performance and fault tolerance
capability.
I. Protection performance
The key to improve software reliability is to reduce software defects. BTS ensures the
software reliability in the whole process from system requirement analysis, system
design to system test.
Starting from the requirement analysis, software development process is going under
regulations such as CMM (Capability Mature Mode) and controlling faults in the initial
stage.
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In software design, much attention is devoted to the designing method and
implementation: the software is designed in a modular structure, and in a loose
coupling mechanism. When a fault occurs to one module, other modules will not be
affected. In addition, measures of precaution such as fault checking, isolating and
clearing are also important in improving the system reliability. Other effective methods
include code scanning, inspection, and sectional test.
Various software tests are necessary to improve the software reliability. Test staff are
engaged in the whole software develop process, from unit test to system test. They
make plans strictly compliant with the demand of the upper level flow. plans ensure
the improvement of software reliability. Additionally, test plans are improved with the
tests and become more and more applicable.
II. Fault tolerance capability
Fault tolerance capability of the software system means that the whole system would
not collapse when a minor software fault occurs, i.e. the system has the self-healing
capability. The fault tolerance of software is shown in the following aspects:
l All boards work in a real-time operating system of high reliability.
l Important data on BCKM are real-time backed up in active/standby mode.
Operation is switched to the standby board when a fault occurs.
l When a fault occurs to some transmission links, services borne on them can be
transferred to other links smoothly.
l Each board's software saved on the board has a static backup on BCKM.
l If software loading fails, the system can return to the version that was loaded
successfully last time.
l Important operations are recorded in log files.
l Different authority levels are provided for operations, to prevent users from
performing unauthorized operations.
l Prompts are given for the operations that will cause system reboot such as reset
operation, which requests the operator to confirm it before executing such
operation.
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2 Hardware Architecture
The beginning of this chapter is a briefing of cBTS3612-800 hardware architecture,
followed by the details of four subsystems: baseband, RF, antenna & feeder and
power supply system. This chapter also covers BTS environment monitoring and
lightning protection systems.
2.1 Overview
In cdma2000 1X mobile communication system, BTS functions as a radio relay. One
end is connected with MS through Um interface and the other end connected with
BSC through Abis interface.
The block diagram of BTS is as shown in Figure 2-1.
Abis interface
High-speed data bus
BCIM
BSC
Clock bus
Backplane
bus
Emergency
serial port
POWER
RS485
Um interface
RF receive/ transmit
antenna
BCKM
Baseband
subsystem RF subsystem
Power supply
subsystem
-48VDC
GND
+27VDC
GND
GPS/GLONASS receive antenna
LMF
Environment alarm
collection
Ethernet port
RS485
RS485
RS232
Modem
BFMM
Test
equipment
Test interface
External
synchronization
BCPM
BRDM BTRM
BHPA
BTRM
BHPA CDU
RLDU
BBFM
RS485
Optical fiber
BTRM
BHPA CDU
RLDU
BBFM
RS485
Optical fiber
...
BHPA RF receive/ transmit
antenna
Um interface
Figure 2-1 BTS block diagram
& Note:
In Figure 2-1, DFU can be used to replace CDU or used together with CDU. The difference between
CDU and DFU is as below:
CDU: Combining and filterring of two transmitting carriers, main transmitting and receiving signals
duplexing and isolating, and diversity receiving signal filtering.
DFU: Transmitting and receiving signal duplexing, isolating and filtering of one channel, diversity
receiving signal filtering.
BTS is mainly composed of baseband subsystem, RF subsystem, antenna & feeder
subsystem (which comprises RF receive/transmit antenna and GPS/GLONASS
receive antenna) and power supply subsystem. Baseband subsystem in physical
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structure also carries a clock synchronization unit, receiving GPS/GLONASS clock
and providing system time, synchronous clock and frequency reference.
I. Baseband subsystem
The main functions of baseband subsystem are: processing Abis interface protocol,
modulating/demodulating baseband data, channel encoding/decoding, processing
protocols of physical layer and MAC layer through air interface, system
operation/maintenance and connecting baseband data optical interface of RF module.
Baseband subsystem is located in the BTS baseband subrack. It consists of BTS
Control & Clock Module (BCKM), BTS Resource Distribution Module (BRDM), BTS
Channel Processing Module (BCPM), BTS Control Interface Module (BCIM) and
CDMA Baseband Backplane Module (CBKM). Functions of all boards are highlighted
as follows:
1) BCKM
At most 2 BCKMs are configured, as hot mutual backup. BCKM receives GPS signals
(or other synchronized satellite signals), generates local clock and provides time
signals 16%1.2288MHz, 10MHz, PP2S for the boards in the system. This is mainly
the responsibility of the clock module of BCKM. Besides clock signal, BCKM also
provides main control function for channel resources. Its MPU module performs a
number of operations and functions such as resource management, equipment
management, performance monitoring, configuration management, software
downloading, MPU active/standby switching over, operation & maintenance (O&M)
and environment monitoring interface, as well as board control inside the system.
2) BRDM
BRDM is logically located between BTRM and BCPM. The data sent by BTRM
module are sent to BRDM via the optical fiber. Then BRDM distributes and pastes the
data before sending them to BCPMs via the high-speed data bus. BRDM can also
build daisy chains for BCPMs. The resource management mode of BRDM daisy chain
makes BCPM provide shorter daisy chains (short daisy chain hereinafter). After
pasting at BRDM, a standard daisy chain is formed, which helps to improve the
utilization ratio of channel resource and facilitates the flexible configuration of channel
capacity for each sector carrier. BRDM interacts O&M information with BCKM through
the backplane bus. The emergency serial port of BRDM is attached to the UART of
the backplane as a standby node.
3) BCPM
BCPM processes BTS baseband signals, both for the forward service and reverse
service. For forward service, it performs functions such as encoding (convolutional
code, TURBO code), interleave, spectrum spreading, modulation and data
multiplexing. For reverse service, it performs functions such as demultiplexing,
demodulation, de-interleave and decoding (convolutional code, TURBO code).
Regarding the user data flow, BCPM is between BRDM and BCIM.
4) BCIM
BCIM performs data transmission between BTS and BSC of the BSS, including
voices, data and O&M commands. With the Inverse Multiplexing on ATM (IMA)
technology, BCIM multiplexes the BTS uplink data to IMA group that is composed of
multiple E1s, and then transmits it to BSC via coaxial or optical fiber. Inversely, it can
also demultiplex the IMA group from BSC into an ATM cell flow and transmit it to BTS
boards via the backplane bus.
5) CBKM
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CBKM performs interconnection of high-speed data links between boards in the
baseband part and the interconnection of various management and control signals of
boards.
II. RF subsystem
BTS RF subsystem is composed of five parts: BTS transceiver module (BTRM), BTS
High Power Amplifier Module (BHPA), BTS Transceiver Backplane Module (BTBM),
Combining Duplexer Unit (CDU), Duplexer Filter Unit (DFU) and Receive LNA
Distribution Unit (RLDU). Functions of all parts are briefed as follows:
1) BTRM
BTRM consists of BTS Intermediate Frequency Module (BIFM), BTS Intermediate
Frequency Control Module (BICM) and BTS Radio frequency up/down-conversion
Module (BRCM). Its functions are as follows:
BIFM: BIFM performs such functions as A/D conversion in the reverse receiving path
and D/A conversion in the forward transmitting path, digital frequency
up-down-conversion, received filtering, baseband molded filtering, Digit Automatic
Gain Control (DAGC), uplink & downlink RF automatic gain control (AGC),
multiplexing/demultiplexing to forward & reverse orthogonal (IQ) signals, clock
recovery and RF module operation & maintenance.
BICM is a small plate mounted on the BIFM. It performs the control over BTRM,
including power-on initialization, function configuration, alarm collection and reporting,
and processing of O&M related messages.
BRCM: BRCM is composed of 5 logic functional units: main/diversity transmit unit,
main/diversity receive unit and frequency source unit.
l Main/diversity transmit unit realizes analog up-conversion and spurious
suppressed filtering regarding each carrier BTS main/diversity transmitted signal
output by BIFM.
l Main/diversity receive unit realizes analog frequency down-conversion, channel
selective filtering and receive nose coefficient control regarding BTS
main/diversity received signals output by RF receive front RLDU.
l Frequency source unit combines the low phase noise, high stability local
oscillation signals that are necessary for the analog frequency conversion in
transmit and receive paths.
2) BHPA
BHPA performs high power linear amplification to a transmitted carrier signal, checks
its own working status in real time mode and generates alarm. It is composed of main
signal power amplification unit and signal checking alarm unit. Signal checking and
alarming is to check whether the input is too excited, whether the temperature is too
high or whether the gain is lowered strikingly (device failure).
3) BTBM
BTBM performs structure support and signal interconnection between BTRM and
BHPA.
4) CDU
Combining and filterring of two transmitting carriers, main transmitting and receiving
signals duplexing and isolating, and diversity receiving signal filtering.
5) DFU
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Transmitting and receiving signal duplexing, isolating and filtering of one channel,
diversity receiving signal filtering.
6) RLDU
RLDU performs low noise amplification and division to the receiving signals, providing
standing wave alarm and forward power checking voltage output, checking the
physical connection status of the antenna port in real time mode and monitoring
whether the output of BRCM, BHPA signals is normal.
III. Antenna & feeder subsystem
BTS antenna & feeder subsystem includes two parts: RF antenna & feeder and
dual-satellite synchronization antenna & feeder. The former mainly transmits the
modulated RF signals and receives MS information while the latter provides precise
synchronization for CDMA system.
IV. Power supply subsystem
Power supply subsystem consists of power input component (EMI filter, lightning
arrester of power), high power DC/DC power supply module, power distribution box,
medium/low power DC/DC power supply module for boards (or modules).
In BTS equipment, the power supply subsystem provides all power for the BTS.
2.2 Baseband Subsystem
2.2.1 Overview
The baseband subsystem is one of the major parts of BTS. Its block diagram is as
shown in Figure 2-2.
High-speed
data bus
BCIM
BSC
BRDM
BCKM
BCPM BTRM
Other functional
units
E1
Optical fiber
Clock bus
Backplane bus
Emergency serial port
...
Figure 2-2 Block diagram of baseband subsystem
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Baseband subsystem is connected with BSC through Abis interface provided by
BCIM. The transmission in this subsystem is performed through E1 trunk (The coming
version will provide STM-1 optical transmission). BRDM and BTRM are connected
through an optical fiber to support RF module extended afar mode.
Baseband subsystem also provides some other interfaces through BCKM:
l LMF interface: 10/100 Base-T interface, connecting Local Maintenance Function
(LMF).
l Remote maintenance serial port: The interface is an RS232 serial port,
connected with PSTN via an external Modem. When OML between OMC and
BTS is interrupted, maintenance can be performed through telephone line
dial-up connection.
l GPS/GLONASS antenna interface: It is used to receive clock signal from
GPS/GLONASS.
l System external synchronization interface: When GPS/GLONASS is not
available, it makes the system clock synchronous to an external clock.
l Fan module interface: It is connected with fan module through RS485 serial port,
monitoring the module.
l Environment alarm interface: It is connected with an external environment alarm
collection box, providing environment monitoring alarm information of the
equipment and monitoring information of the primary power supply.
l Power monitoring interface: It is connected with power supply module, reporting
various alarm information of the power supply.
l Test interface: It provides interface for BTS test, such as 10MHz, 2s signals.
Baseband subsystem is physically located in the baseband subrack, powered by
power supply subsystem (power supply subsystem is in the power subrack). Boards
generate their own 3.3V, 1.8V power through the distributed power supply module.
The configuration of baseband subrack (including board position) is as shown in
Figure 2-3.
0
B
C
I
M
1
B
C
I
M
2
B
C
P
M
3
B
C
P
M
4
B
C
P
M
5
B
C
P
M
6
B
C
P
M
7
B
C
P
M
8
B
R
D
M
B
R
D
M
B
C
K
M
B
C
K
M
B
R
D
M
B
R
D
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
R
D
M
B
R
D
M
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 219
Figure 2-3 Baseband subrack configuration
Baseband subrack supports the following boards:
l BCIM: BTS control interface module, to be inserted in E1 interface slot, providing
Abis interface for connection with BSC and supporting E1/T1 transmission. In the
coming version, BCIM slot can also accommodate BEOM (BTS Electric-Optical
Module), to support STM-1 optical transmission.
l BCPM: BTS channel process board, processing the data of CDMA forward
channel and reverse channel.
l BRDM: BTS resource distribution module, connecting BCPM and RF module,
realizing the control of resource pool for BCPM.
l BCKM: BTS control & clock board, providing clock for BTS system and realizing
the control of BTS system resource.
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2.2.2 Control & Clock Module (BCKM)
I. Overview
BCKM is located in the baseband subrack of BTS. BCKM performs two major
functions: main control module (MPU, Main Processing Unit) and clock module (CLK,
Clock). Here MPU performs Abis interface signaling processing, O&M management,
while CLK provides reference clock signal for the whole BTS system.
Main functions of BCKM:
l MPU module provides BTS system with a hardware control platform, on which
the operating system and system software are running to implement control and
management tasks of BTS system.
l Perform operation and maintenance via the backplane bus to other boards in the
baseband subrack, making in band signaling communication.
l Connected with external LAN (Local Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area
Network) through the 10/100M compatible Ethernet interface, for the use of
local/remote O&M or program debugging. The Ethernet port uses international
physical address (MAC, Medium Access Control) and IP(IP, Internet Protocol)
address. It can be allocated with external LAN/WAN address.
l The active/standby asynchronous serial port serves as a path for out-of-band
signaling backup. MPU functions as the main node and other boards functions
as the standby nodes. When a fault occurs to the in-band signaling path,
signaling communication can be maintained with this standby path.
l Provide an interface connected with Modem in compliance with RS232 serial
communication standard, providing remote maintenance and monitoring in case
of OML link failure.
l Connected with an external monitoring module in compliance with RS485
standard, collecting and processing the equipment room environment
information (such as fire alarm/water soaking/temperature/humidity).
l CLK unit is the clock source of BTS system, providing working clock for all
boards. It provides high precision oscillation clock or can be synchronous with an
external clock (such as GPS clock).
l BCKM has active/standby switching function, working in active/standby mode in
the system. When a fault occurs to the active BCKM, the standby BCKM is
switched to active status under the control of specific software. A fault occurring
to either MPU or CLK module of the BCKM will result in the switching of the
whole BCKM.
II. Structure and principle
The structure of BCKM module is as shown in Figure 2-4.
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Power supply
module
External
communication
unit
Clock module
Backplane bus
module
Other
functional units
MPU module
BCKM
CBKM
...
Backplane
bus
Figure 2-4 Structure of BCKM module
BCKM comprises the following parts:
1) MPU module
MPU controls logic circuits to initialize components. It realizes control and
management over BTS system through system software.
2) Clock module
Clock module is the clock source of BTS, providing working clock for boards. Clock
module is available in two modes: external synchronization mode (locked mode) and
free oscillation mode (holdover mode). The clock module can provide high precision
oscillation clock (voltage control constant temperature crystal oscillator) or get
synchronized with external clock source (GPS, GLONASS, external synchronization
equipment).
3) Backplane bus module
The fast communication port of the main control CPU is connected with other boards
of BTS through the backplane bus module, processing or transmitting O&M signaling
from other boards of BTS (BRDM, BCPM and BCIM).
4) External communication module
External communication module utilizes the multiple communication control ports
provided by the main control CPU, implementing functions such as LMF interface,
external monitoring module interface, maintenance terminal interface, debugging
interface, test module interface and out-of-band signaling serial port.
5) Power supply module
BCKM includes two isolated secondary power supply modules, converting +27V
voltage into +5V, +3.3V and +2.5V to supply power for various modules of local
board.
III. Interface
l Remote maintenance serial port (RS232)
l 10/100 Base-T LMF interface
l GPS/Glonass antenna port
l 2s and 10MHz test port
l Inter-board interface
Interfaces with other boards in the baseband subrack.
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IV. Index
The board area is 460mm%233.35mm, powered with +27V, power consumption
<20W.
2.2.3 Control Interface Module (BCIM)
I. Overview
BCIM is located in BTS baseband subrack. It is a functional entity for the connection
of BTS and BSC. Its major functions are as follows:
l In uplink direction, backplane bus receives O&M command from BCKM and
service data from BCPM, and transmit ATM cells on the multiple E1 links with
IMA technology in compliance with G.804 standards to BSC.
l In downlink direction, it receives ATM cells distributed on the multiple E1 links
from BSC, multiplexes them into a single ATM cell flow with IMA technology and
finally sends to corresponding processing boards through the backplane bus.
l Each BCIM provides 8xE1 links, which can support at most 4xIMA groups. In
BTS, there are two BCIM, providing physical interfaces with BSC in load sharing
mode. At most 16xE1 links can be provided.
l Communicate with BSC through IMA state machine program on the local board,
monitoring the working status of E1 link and ensuring the implementation of IMA
protocol.
l Transmit O&M command through backplane bus or out-of-band signaling serial
port, report the status information of the local board to BCKM and provide
interface for board maintenance and network management.
II. Structure and principle
The structure of BCIM is as shown in Figure 2-5.
Backplane
bus module CPU module
Control bus
Data bus
E1
RS232
Backplane
bus
BCKM
BESP
IMA module
...
Power supply
module
Clock module
Figure 2-5 Structure of BCIM module
BCIM comprises the following parts:
1) IMA module
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The purpose of IMA is to inversely multiplex an ATM cell flow based on cells onto
multiple physical links for transmission. Another purpose is to remotely multiplex the
cell flows transmitted on different physical connections into a single ATM cell flow.
In uplink direction, IMA module receives AAL2 service cells from BCPM and AAL5
signaling cells from BCKM through the backplane bus. It splits the ATM cell flow into
cells, transmits them on multiple E1 link according to G.804 standard before sending it
to BSC.
In downlink direction, it receives ATM cells from BSC that are distributed on multiple
E1 trunk lines, inversely multiplexes it into a single ATM cell flow. Then it sends AAL2
service cells to BCPM and AAL5 signaling cells to BCKM through the backplane bus
2) CPU module
The main control CPU on BCIM implements such functions as initialization of devices
on BCIM, IMA protocol processing, executing OAM function of IMA as well as E1
trunk line management and communication with BCKM.
3) Backplane bus module
BCIM communicates with other boards in the baseband part through the backplane
bus module, including control information communication with BCKM and service
data communication with BCPM.
4) Power supply module
Implement DC-DC power conversion from +27V to 3.3V.
5) Clock module
Provide working clock for the local board.
III. Interface
l E1 interface
Interface with BSC
l Backplane bus interface
Interface with other boards in the baseband part.
l RS-232 serial port
Interface with BCKM, as an emergency serial port
IV. Index
The board size is 460mm%233.35mm, powered with +27V, power consumption<10W.
2.2.4 Channel Processing Module (BCPM)
I. Overview
BCPM is logically located between BRDM and E1 interface board on BTS. BCPM is
the service processing board of the system with12PCS in full configuration. It is of
much importance. Data of various forward channel services and reverse channel
services are processed by this board. BCPM also processes digital signals, including
encoding/decoding baseband signals and one-time modulation and demodulation of
baseband. In addition, it processes high layer control signals. The main functions are
as follows:
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l In forward direction, after ATM cell data from the network side are processed by
the high performance processor, BCPM performs functions such as encoding
(convolutional code, TURBO code), interleave, spread spectrum, modulation and
data multiplexing and converts them into high-speed signals. Then the signals
are processed by a dedicated processing chip and transmitted through the radio
interface side of the channel board.
l In reverse direction, data received by BCPM are demultiplexed, demodulated,
de-interlaced and decoded (convolutional code, TURBO code). Then under the
control of the high performance processor, the data are connected with BSC via
E1 interface in the form of ATM cells.
l BCPM supports in-board and inter-board daisy chains, forming a
resource-processing pool.
l High performance processor, two kernels, internal cache, level-2 cache can be
attached externally at the same time. It has powerful processing capacity.
II. Structure and principle
BCPM module comprises the following parts as shown in Figure 2-6:
Multiplex/demultiplex
module Baseband
processing module
CPU module
Backplane bus
module
Power module
BCPM
Control bus
Clock module
BRDM Data bus
Data bus
Backplane
bus
RS232 BCKM
High-speed
data bus
Figure 2-6 Structure of BCPM module
1) Multiplex/demultiplex module
In forward direction, baseband data in the channel board should be multiplexed into
high-speed signals and sent to radio side in the form of differential signals. In reverse
direction, the high-speed differential signals are demultiplexed and sent to baseband
processing chip.
2) Baseband processing module
The QUALCOMM new generation processing chip is used to perform forward and
reverse baseband data processing. With the help of in-board and inter-board data
daisy chains, channel processing quantity is increased greatly. Supporting 6 sectors,
the maximum rate at physical level of each sector carrier reaches 403.2kbit/s and
307.2kbit/s in forward and reverse direction respectively.
3) CPU module
The high performance control CPU on BCPM mainly processes the forward & reverse
high-speed service data and control data and reports board status. At the network
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side, the processing module receives control signaling, receives/ transmits ATM cells
and communicates with BSC through E1 interface. At the radio side, it controls the
baseband dedicated chip processing chip to generate orthogonal (IQ) data. After
multiplexing, the data pass BRDM as a high-speed differential signal, to implement
data interaction with radio side.
4) Backplane bus module
BCPM communicates with other boards in the BTS baseband part through backplane
bus, including control information communication with BCKM and service data
communication with E1 interface board.
5) Clock module
Perform double-frequency phase-locking to the clock signals from the backplane,
provide clock for boards, and drive and co-phase the clock signals generated on the
local board, to get a satisfactory clock signal.
6) Power supply module
Perform DC-DC power conversion from +27V to 3.3V.
III. Interface
l High-speed data bus interface
Interface with BRDM.
l Backplane bus interface
Interface with other boards of baseband part
l RS232 serial port
Interface with BCKM, which is used as emergency serial port.
IV. Index
The board size is 460mm%233.35mm, powered with +27V, power consumption
<30W.
2.2.5 Resource Distribution Module (BRDM)
I. Overview
BRDM is logically located between BTRM and BCPM, providing path for orthogonal
data connection (IQ) and switching between the two so as to support the flexible
configuration relation between BCPM and BTRM. BRDM also support daisy chain
cascading between BCPMs.
Data sent by BTRM are sent to BRDM through optical fiber. BRDM distributes and
pastes the data before sending them to BCPMS via the high-speed data bus. BRDM
can also build daisy chains for BCPMs. BRDM performs resource management to the
daisy chain, making the short daisy chain provided on the channel board (short daisy
chain hereinafter) become standard daisy chains after pasting at BRDM. This can
help to improve the utilization ratio of channel resource and facilitates the flexible
configuration of the channel capacity of each sector carrier.
BRDM has the following functions and features:
l Six pairs of fiber-optic interfaces, providing high-speed data path with BTRM.
l When it is necessary to extend optical interfaces, insert BRDM board in BCPM
slot.
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l Provide 16 pairs of high-speed data bus interface, connected with 16 slots
through the backplane.
l Provide flexible data distribution and switching between BTRM and BCPM
l Provide flexible data switching between BCPMs, for building daisy chains or
resource pool, improving the utilization ratio of channel resource and configuring
channel capacity of each sector carrier flexibly.
l Interact O&M information with BCKM through the backplane bus or emergency
serial port.
l Forward and receive O&M information of BTRM via optical fiber and provide
O&M link between the baseband subrack and BTRM.
II. Structure and principle
The structure of BRDM module is as shown in Figure 2-7.
Optical
module High-speed
data
interface Switching
module
CPU
module
Bus
interface
module
4 high-speed
data buses
Power supply
module
Optical
Optical
Optical
Optical
Optical
Optical
Clock
module
Optical
module
Optical
module
Optical
module
Optical
module
Optical
module
High-speed
data
interface
High-speed
data
interface
RS232
BTRM BCPM
Backplane
bus
BCKM
BCPM
BCPM
BCPM
BTRM
BTRM
BTRM
BTRM
BTRM
BRDM
High-speed
data
interface
High-speed
data
interface
High-speed
data
interface
4 high-speed
data buses
4 high-speed
data buses
4 high-speed
data buses
Figure 2-7 Structure of BRDM module
As shown in Figure 2-7, BRDM board is composed of optical module, high-speed
data interface module, switching module, CPU module, bus interface module, power
supply module and clock module. Different modules perform different functions.
l Optical module
Perform optical/electrical conversion of signals. Each BRDM board has 6 optical
modules, providing 6 pairs of optical fiber interfaces externally.
l High-speed data interface module
High-speed data interface module mainly performs rate conversion of high-speed
signals, for the convenient processing of the switching module.
l Switching module
Switching module slice and paste data as required. It is a core processing module of
this board. Data from BTRM are sent to this board, where the switching module will
distribute and paste them before sending to BCPM. The switching module can also
provide daisy chain cascading for the BCPMs through the distribution and pasting of
data.
l CPU module
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CPU module processes O&M information and configures switching parameters. The
O&M information from BCKM is sent to this board via the bus interface module. Then
CPU module processes the information and sends the necessary O&M information to
the corresponding BTRMs. The parameters of the switching module should also be
configured by CPU module.
l Bus interface module
Perform conversion of interface between the board and the backplane and provide a
path for the O&M information between this board and the backplane.
l Power supply module
Convert the input DC +27V power into digital +3.3V, +1.8V and analog +3.3V powers,
supplying power for the modules on the local board.
l Clock module
Provide 2S, 16%1.2288MHz, 100%1.2288MHz clocks for the local board.
III. Interface
l Optical interface
It is on the handle bar, 6 pairs altogether. They are connected with BTRMs,
transmitting orthogonal (IQ) data and O&M information.
l High-speed data interface
It is led out from the 2mm connector on the backplane. The interfaces are connected
with 16 service slots through the backplane, for transmitting orthogonal (IQ) data.
l Backplane bus interface
It is led out from the 2mm connector on the backplane and attached to the backplane
bus, used for transmitting O&M information between the BCKMs.
l Clock
Led out from the 2mm connector on the backplane, and connected with BCKM via the
backplane. It receives 2S, 16 %1.2288MHz clock signals and clock active/standby
selection signal.
l RS232 serial port
As an emergency serial port, it is led out from the 2mm connector on the backplane
and connected with UART as a standby node, used for communicating with BCKM
when other part of the board is faulty.
l Power interface
Led out from the power connector on the backplane, and connected with +27V power,
+27V power ground and PGND.
IV. Index
The board size is 460mm%233.35mm, powered with +27V, power consumption<45W.
2.2.6 Baseband Backplane Module (CBKM)
I. Overview
CBKM is used to make interconnection of high-speed data links between the boards
of baseband part and between various management and control information of
boards with high-speed backplane technology.
The backplane has the following features:
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l Realize interconnection of various signals between boards.
l Support hot plug/unplug of all boards.
l Support active/standby switching of BCKM.
l Lead in system power, providing distributed power to all boards.
l Lead in the signal monitoring line for fan subrack and power subrack.
l Support mistaken plug proof function.
II. Structure
Functional units of all slots in CBKM are as shown in Figure 2-8.
0
B
C
I
M
1
B
C
I
M
2
B
C
P
M
3
B
C
P
M
4
B
C
P
M
5
B
C
P
M
6
B
C
P
M
7
B
C
P
M
8
B
R
D
M
B
R
D
M
B
C
K
M
B
C
K
M
B
R
D
M
B
R
D
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
R
D
M
B
R
D
M
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 219
Figure 2-8 Functional units of all slots in CBKM
A backplane includes the connector and board slot.
Connector part includes a slot for test board, input connector of backplane +27V
power/ground, and 3 DB37 D-connectors. Power input connector, D-connector are all
select crimped devices.
Slots of BTS are defined as follows:
l Slots 0~1 are slots for BCIM.
l Sots 10~11 are slots for BCKM.
l Slots 8~9, 12~13, 20~21 are slots for BRDM.
l Slots 2~7, 14~19 are slots for BCPM.
III. Interface
The interfaces between the backplane and outside include:
l System power interface
l Remote maintenance serial port
l Environment alarm interface
l Fan alarm serial port in baseband subrack
l External 2s signal input interface
l 16 E1 interfaces
IV. Index
Size of baseband subrack backplane: 664mm%262mm.
2.2.7 E1 Surge Protector (BESP)
I. Overview
BESP is placed on the top of BTS. It is a functional entity for BTS to implement
lightning protection with E1 trunk line. Two identical BESPs are installed for each
cabinet in consideration of limited space on top of the equipment and the
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convenience of installation and dismounting. The 8 pairs of lightning protection units
are used to discharge the transient high voltage on the sheath and core of E1 trunk
line to PGND, protecting equipment from lightning attack.
II. Structure and principle
Board structure is as shown in Figure 2-9.
8 E1s
4 E1s
4 E1s
Interface
DB37
BSC
Interface
DB25
Interface
DB25
BESP
...
BSC
...
BCIM
...
...
Level-1
protection
Level-2
protection
PGND
Level-1
protection
Level-2
protection
PGND
Level-1
protection
Level-2
protection
PGND
Figure 2-9 Structure of BESP
The board consists of three parts: DB25 connector, lightning protection unit and DB37
connector.
When the BTS E1 trunk line is struck by the lightning, a high voltage will arise first on
DB25. The high voltage will spread to the lightning protection unit. The lightning
protection unit has two protection layers: air discharge tube and voltage limit mesh.
The air discharge tube discharges the high voltage to the ground and lowers the
voltage to a degree less than 600V. Then the voltage limit mesh further lowers the
voltage to a degree less than 30V.
III. Interface
l E1interface
Interface with BSC (DB25).
Connected with BCIM (DB37)
IV. Index
Board size: 140mm%120mm
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Bearable surge current: >10kA (common mode), >5KA (differential mode)
Output residual voltage: <30V.
2.2.8 Fan Module (BFAN)
BFAN is installed right under the baseband subrack, serving as a part of the blower
type cooling system of the baseband subrack. The fan module consists of two fan
boxs, each of which has 4 fan units(24V DC brush free fan) and one BTS Fan Monitor
Module (BFMM). Fan enclosure is used for installation of fan boxs. The outside of the
fan enclosure is the BTS Fan Block Interface Board (BFNB) that provides a system
interface. The structure of BFAN is as shown in Figure 2-10.
(1) Fan box 2 (2) Fan box 1 (3) LED indicator
(4) Fan enclosure (5) BFNB (6) System signal interface
(7) Power input interface (8) Blind mate connector (9) BFMM
Figure 2-10 Structure of BFAN
II. BTS Fan Monitor Module (BFMM)
1) Overview
BFMM is built in the fan box. It communicates with BCKM and receives instructions
from BCKM. It can perform PWM speed adjustment on the fan unit in the drawer and
report board status information to BCKM when it is queried. BFMM can guarantee a
safe and properly cooling system and lower system noise. Its main functions are as
follows:
l Control rotating speed of the fan.
l Check whether fan units are in position and report.
l Check fan unit blocking alarm and report.
l Drive fan running status indicator.
l Communicate effectively with the Main Control Unit (MCU) of BCKM and report
in-board status information.
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l Report alarms of switch value type (it is a standby function and not used in
normal conditions).
2) Structure and principle
BFMM's structure and position is as shown in Figure 2-10. Its function is as shown in
Figure 2-11.
Main control unit
Power supply module
Temperature collection module
Communication module
Fan-in-position & fault
detection module
Fan drive module
Switch value alarm module
Indicator drive module
Figure 2-11 Illustration of BFMM
l Power supply module:
System input DC power is +27V, board power consumption is less than 5W.
l Main Control Unit (MCU):
MCU controls the fan and communicates with BCKM. Specifically, it generates control
PWM signal according to the instruction sent from BCKM to control the speed of the
fan. MCU can also check fan alarm signal and in-board logic alarm signal and report
to BCKM. It generates panel indicator signal.
l Communication module:
Perform serial communication with BCKM.
l Fan driving module:
PWM control signal generated in MCU provides controlled power input for fans by
isolating driving circuits.
l Fan in position and fault checking module:
Isolate the fan in position checking signal and fan blocking alarm signal then convert
them into logic level for MCU to sample, analyze and control.
l Temperature collection module:
Collect the ambient temperature of BFMM in real time, realized it by MCU in query
operation.
l Indicator driving module:
When functional alarm (such as communication interruption in main control mode)
occurs to the board or fan blocking alarm occurs to the motor, this module provides
LED optical alarm interface inside the fan block, to drive the LED indicator on the fan
block front panel.
l Switch value alarm output module:
When some systems have no serial port communication, fan fault has to be checked
with switch value. In such case, BFMM should provide necessary output interface.
3) Interface
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l Power interface
It is used to lead in working power for BFMM.
l Communication serial port 0, 1
Serial port communication signals interface 0 and interface 1, providing access
condition for system active/standby serial port. When the system has only one serial
port, only interface 0 is used.
l LED indicator driving output interface
Driving interface for LED status indicator on the panel of the fan box.
l Fan unit driving interface
Driving interface for as many as 6 fan units. It also serves as the interface to indicate
fan in position and fan block alarm checking.
l Switch value alarm interface
Standby switch value alarm form interface, not used in normal condition.
4) Index
The size of BFMM: 280mm%35mm.
+27V power supply, power consumption <5W.
III. BTS Fan block iNterface Board (BFNB)
1) Overview
BFNB provides electrical connection between the fan box and the system. On one
hand, it provides blind plug/unplug interface for the fan box. On the other hand, it
provides the system with power interface and serial communication interface.
2) Structure and principle
BFNB structure and position are as shown in Figure 2-10.
BFNB implements interface conversion function. Refer to "(3) Interface" for the
definition of interface.
BFNB structure is as shown in Figure 2-12.
(1) MOLEX connector (2) Large 3PIN power socket (3) DB-15 signal socket
Figure 2-12 Illustration of BFNB structure
3) Interface
l Fan box electrical interface
Provide power supply ports and serial port communication ports for the two fan boxes
through MOLEX connectors.
l System power supply interface
Lead in system power through big 3-pin connector.
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l System serial communication interface
Provide external serial communication interface through DB-15.
4) Index
The size of BFNB: 380mm%30mm.
2.3 RF Subsystem
2.3.1 Overview
The block diagram of RF subsystem is as shown in Figure 2-13.
CDU
RLDU
BHPA
BHPA
BTRM
BTRM
To antenna &
feeder
BRDM
BRDM
BHPA
BTRM
BRDM DFU
f1
f0
f2
To antenna &
feeder
BRDM: Resource Distribution Module BTRM: Transceiver Module BHPA: High Power Amplifier Unit
CDU: Combining Duplexer Unit DFU: Duplexer Filter Unit RLDU: Receive LNA Distribution Unit
Figure 2-13 block diagram of RF subsystem
In forward link, it performs power adjustable up-conversion to the modulated
transmission signals and linear power amplification, filtering the transmission signals
to meet the corresponding air interface standard.
In reverse link, it filters the signals received by the BTS antenna to suppress
out-of-band interference and performs low noise amplifying. The noise factor can be
adjustable in frequency down-conversion and channel selective filtering units.
RF subsystem is composed of the following function modules:
l BTRM performs frequency up/down-conversion of the transmitted and received
signals and adjust the transmitted power and received noise factor.
l BHPA performs linear power amplification of single carrier-transmitted signal.
l CDU performs multi-carrier combining and filtering for transmitted signals, and
receiving/transmitting signal isolating.
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l DFU performs the transmitting signal filtering and receiving/transmitting signal
isolating. There is a diversity filter in it.
l RLDU performs low noise amplifying of each sector received signals and
multi-carrier distributing.
l BTBM performs mechanical support and signal interconnection of BTRM and
BHPA.
2.3.2 Transceiver Module (BTRM)
BTRM is composed of BTS Intermediate Frequency Module (BIFM), BTS
Intermediate Frequency Control module (BICM) and BTS Radio frequency up/down
Conversion Module (BRCM).
I. BTS Intermediate Frequency Module (BIFM)
1) Overview
BIFM and BRDM are both used to provide interface between the channel board and
RF transceiver. Its functions are as follows:
l Reverse path signals A/D conversion and digital frequency down-conversion.
l Baseband digital filtering to compensate the analog acoustic surface wave filter
outband rejection.
l Transmitting signals data shaping filtering and digital auto-gain controlling.
l Digital frequency up-conversion in the forward path signal and D/A conversion.
l Multiplexing/demultiplexing of forward/reverse signals.
l Interfacing with BRDM through its optical fiber port.
l Provide RF phase lock loop reference clock and clock of the Ethernet port and
various necessary clocks for BIFM itself.
l Provide power supply for BICM and BRCM.
2) Block diagram and principle
BIFM consists of the following parts. The structure is as shown in Figure 2-14.
FIR
&
DAGC
FIR
BIFM
Down-
conversion
Up-
conversion
ADC
DAC Filtering
RF interface
Multiplex/demultiplex
Optical interface
Clock module
Control configuration
interface Power supply module
Filtering
Figure 2-14 Block dagram of BIFM module
l Up-conversion module
Up-conversion module performs signal filtering and digital frequency up-conversion
and D/A conversion in transmit path. In this module, the demultiplexed baseband
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signal is filtered and up-converted digital intermediate frequency signal which will be
D/A converted to an analog intermediate frequency signal sent to BRCM after filtering.
l Down-conversion module
Down-conversion module performs signal A/D conversion, digital frequency
down-conversion and filtering in the receive path. In this module, the analog
intermediate frequency signal from BRCM module is A/D converted to digital
intermediate frequency signal which will be down-converted to baseband signal,and
then be filtered and sent to the multiplex/demultiplex unit.
l Multiplex/demultiplex module
In reverse path, multiplex/demultiplex module multiplexes the O&M signal of BIFM
and baseband signals after frequency down conversion to optical fiber interfacing
module. In forward path, it demultiplexes the signals from the optical fiber interfacing
module into the baseband intermediate frequency signals and O&M signals.
l Optical fiber interfacing module
Optical fiber interfacing module performs signals encoding and decoding and
optical-electrical or electrical-optical conversion. It is the only interface between BIFM
and BRDM.
l Clock module
Clock module generates all clocks needed by BIFM, including those for frequency
up/down-conversion, A/D conversion, D/A conversion and other clocks. At the same
time, it also provides a reference clock for BRCM.
l Control & configuration interface module
Control & configuration interface is the interface between BIFM and BICM. BICM
performs all control & configuration functions to BIFM through this interface. It also
serves as the interface for collecting alarms on BICM and BRCM.
l Power supply module
BIFM requires a power of +27V because it simultaneously provides power for BRCM
and BICM. The requirement for power capacity is 100W.
3) Interfaces
l Optical interfaces
Optical fiber Interfaces with BRDM
l RS485 interfaces
interfaces with BHPA fan monitoring units.
l RF interface
Various interfaces with BRCM.
4) Power consumption
Its power consumption less than 25W on DC +27V.
II. BTS Intermediate Frequency Control Module (BICM)
1) Overview
BICM is a small board mounted on the BIFM. It performs the control of BTRM,
including power-on initialization, function configuration, alarm collection, reporting and
message processing related to O&M.
2) Block diagram and principle
The block diagram of BICM includes the following parts as shown in Figure 2-15:
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Alarm collection
interface
Temperature sensor
interface
RS485 interface
O&M interface
BIFM configuration
interface
BIFM control bus
CPU module
BICM connector
Figure 2-15 Block diagram of BICM module
l CPU module
CPU module performs control and configuration of BIFM. It also processes and
reports O&M message and alarm message of BIFM. CPU module also stores the
configured data and programs.
l Alarm collection interface module
Alarm collection interface module collects all alarms of BIFM and BRCM to CPU
module, which will process and report these alarms.
l Temperature sensing interface function
Temperature information of BIFM is sent to CPU module through the temperature
sensor interface.
l RS485 interface module
RS485 interface is the monitoring interface of the fan and HPA. The monitoring
information is reported to CPU module via RS485 ,then CPU reports it to BCKM.
l O&M interface module
O&M interface receives and transmits O&M message through the
multiplex/demultiplex module on BIFM. CPU module will process the messages.
l BIFM configuration interface module
BIFM configuration interface module performs configuration of clock module and
frequency up/down conversion module on BIFM, including modification and
initialization of configuration data.
l BIFM control interface module
BIFM control interface module performs the controls of frequency up/down
conversion module and baseband filter.
III. BTS radio frequency up/down conversion module (BRCM)
1) Overview
BRCM consists of three functional sub-units: main/diversity transmit unit,
main/diversity receive unit and local oscillator unit. It mainly performs such functions
as analog frequency up-conversion of main/diversity transmitted signal from BIFM,
signal amplification and spurious suppression filtering. It also performs analog
frequency down-conversion of main/diversity received signals at BTS from RLDU,
signal amplification, channel selective filtering and receiving noise factor adjustment.
2) Block diagram and principle
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The block diagram of BRCM is as shown in Figure 2-16.
RX1_RF_IN
TX1_IF_IN TX1_RF_OUT
PLL_Re1~2
PLL_DATA1~2
PLL_ENABLE1~2
PLL_CLOCK1~2
RX2_IF_OUT
RX1_IF_OUT
PLL_ALARM1~2
RX2_RF_IN
TX2_IF_IN TX2_RF_OUT
Up-converter
Up-converter
Local oscillation
frequency source
unit
Down-converter
RX_NC0~4
Down-converter
Main/diversity transmit unit
Main/diversity transmit unit
Figure 2-16 BRCM operational block diagram
l Main/diversity transmit unit
Performs two stage up-conversion of the input modulated analog intermediate
frequency signals into a specified RF band and performs signal filtering, amplification,
and power adjustment before/after the conversion, ensuring that the output RF
signals satisfy the protocol's requirement for power level, ACPR (Adjacent Channel
Power Ratio) and spurious suppression.
l Main/diversity receive unit
Performs down-conversion of the input RF signal into the specified intermediate
frequency and performs signal filtering, amplification and power level control
before/after the conversion, ensuring that the output intermediate signals satisfy the
requirements of the protocol for anti-interference, spurious suppression and power
level.
l Local oscillator unit
It includes an IF local oscillator used by transmit unit and a transmit/receive units
sharing RF local oscillator. The IF oscillator generates a frequency fixed IF LO signal
for frequency up conversion in the transmit path. The transmit/receive units sharing
RF oscillator generates a frequency adjustable LO signal for frequency up-conversion
in the main/diversity transmit path and frequency down-conversion in the
main/diversity receive path.
3) External interface
In the whole BTS system, at IF signal side, BRCM interfaces with BIFM. At RF signal
side, BRCM interfaces with BHPA in forward path and interfaces with RLDU in
reverse path.
a) Interface signals between BRCM and BIFM :
l Main/diversity transmit analog intermediate frequency signal, provided by BIFM
for BRCM.
l Main/diversity receive analog intermediate frequency signal, provided by BRCM
for BIFM.
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l Local oscillator PLL (phase locked loop ) reference clock signal, provided by
BIFM for BRCM.
l Receive noise factor control signals, provided by BIFM for BRCM.
l Local oscillator PLL (Phase Locked Loop) data, enable and clock signal,
provided by BIFM for BRCM. And out lock alarm signal of two PLLs, provided by
BRCM for BIFM.
l RLDU, BHPA alarm signal and +27V power supply signal, for BIFM, provided by
BRCM for BIFM.
l +12V, -12V power supply signal of BRCM, provided by BIFM for BRCM.
b) Interface signals between BRCM and BHPA:
l Main/diversity RF transmit signals, from BRCM to BHPA.
l BHPA alarm signals, from BHPA to BRCM.
c) Interface signals between BRCM and RLDU:
l main/diversity RF receive signals, from RLDU to BRCM.
l RLDU alarm signals from RLDU to BRCM via BTBM DB15 connectors
(4) Index
l Power consumption: +12VDC, maximum current 3A; -12V, maximum current
20mA
l Board size: L%W=225mm%233.35mm
2.3.3 High Power Amplifier Module (BHPA)
I. Overview
BHPA is located in RF subrack of BTS cabinet, and used for amplifying the RF
modulation signals output by BTRM. Its main functions are:
l RF power amplification: perform power amplification for the RF modulation
signals from BTRM.
l Over temperature alarm: when the power amplifier base board temperature
exceeds a specified threshold, BBFM will process the over temperature alarm
signal generated by HPAU and report it to BTRM.
l Input overdrive alarm: when the power level of BHPA input RF signal exceeds a
specified threshold, BBFM will process the input overdrive alarm signal
generated by HPAU and report it to BTRM.
l Gain drop alarm: when the gain of the power amplifier drops over 6dB, BBFM
will process the gain drop alarm signal generated by HPAU and report it to
BTRM.
l Fan monitoring: BBFM installed in BHPA, performs such functions as fan alarm,
power amplifier alarm signal processing & reporting, fan speed adjustment.
II. Block diagram and principle
The block diagram of BHPA module includes the following parts, as shown in Figure
2-17:
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RF input
Coupler
Power
amplification RF output
BTBM
CDU
BTRM
BBFM
BDCS
Sampling
port
+27VDC
BHPA
Alarm signal
Alarm signal
Alarm
circuit
BTRM
Circulator
HPAUz
Figure 2-17 Block diagram of BHPA module
1) High Power Amplifier Unit (HPAU)
HPAU mainly consists of two parts: power amplifier and alarm circuit. The power
amplifier amplifies the power of the RF signals from BTRM. The amplified output RF
signals are then sent to CDU or DFU via BTBM. Alarm circuit monitors the power
amplifier status and generates over temperature alarm, over excitation alarm and gain
drop alarm signal when necessary. The alarm signals will be sent to BBFM, from
where they will be processed and reported to BTBM. The coupler is used to couple
the RF output signal to the sampling port, for test purpose.
The output power of HPAU can be adjusted by controlling the RF output signal of
BTRM.
2) BTS BTRM Fan Monitor (BBFM)
BBFM processes fan alarm signals and power amplifier alarm signals and sends
them to BTRM via BTBM, and then BTRM will report them. BBFM can adjust the fan
speed based on the ambient temperature and the actual BHPA output power in order
to lower the noise of fan.
III. Interface
External interface of the BHPA module is D-sub combination blind mate connector. It
includes the following parts:
l RF interface
The RF interface of BHPA has one input port and one output port. They are
connected respectively with BTRM RF output port via BTBM and CDU RF input port
via coaxial cable.
l Power supply interface
Interface with BTS Direct Current Switch box (BDCS).
l Alarm interface
Interface with BTRM. Fan alarm signals and power amplifier alarm signals are sent
via BTBM to BTRM which reports them.
IV. Index
l Operation Frequency range: 869~894MHz
l Max. Average output power: 40W
l Power Supply: +26V~28VDC
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l Power consumption: <380W
l Module size: L%W%T=460mm%233.5mm%64mm
2.3.4 Transceiver Backplane Module (BTBM)
BTBM performs interconnecting and fixing of 6 BTRMs and 6 BHPAs, including 6 sets
of 2mm connectors for BTRM plugging, 6 sets of 24W7 combination D-sub blind mate
connectors for BHPA, and three DB9 connectors for RLDU alarm collection and 6
sets of temperature sensors.
The above parts form three independent function groups, as shown in Figure 2-18.
l BTRM 2mm connector
Each set of 2mm connectors includes one 5
%22pin type A connector and three
3-socket, type N connectors. Type A connector transfers RLDU alarm signals
imported from DB9 connector and RS485 interface message from BHPA 24W7
combination D-sub connector. Type N connector transfers the main/diversity
input/output RF signal of BTRM and +27V DC power signal needed by BTRM.
l BHPA 24W7 combination D-sub blind mate connector
Each 24W7 combination D-sub blind mate connector includes 2 coaxial contacts
(transferring BHPA input/output RF signals), 2 high-current power contacts
(transferring +27V power supply and PGND signals), one set of RS485 signal
contacts and a group of temperature sensor connection signals.
l DB9 connector
There are 3 angled DB9 connectors on BTBM for 3 RLDUs alarm signals
transferring to BTRM .
l Temperature sensor
There are 6 sets of temperature sensors for the 6 BHPA slots, used for sensing the air
temperature of each BHPA air outlet, converting into current and sending to BFMM on
BHPA for processing. In this way, fan speed is controlled in real time.
DB9 connector
RLDU alarm signal
24W7DB
connector
Temperature sensor Temperature sensor
2mmA/N
connector
RS485
RS485
RS485 RS485
Functional group 1Functional group 3Functional group 2
Figure 2-18 Operational block diagram of BTBM
l Index
Board size: L%W%T= 664mm%262mm%3mm
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2.3.5 Combining Duplexer Unit (CDU)
I. Overview
CDU mainly has the following functions:
l Combine two carriers from the two BHPAs into one signal.
l Receive & transmit signals duplexing.
l Transmit signal filtering, to suppress BTS spurious emissions.
l Receive signal filtering, to suppress the interference from outside the receive
band.
Key internal parts of CDU include isolator, 2 in 1 combiner, duplexer, and directional
coupler.
II. Block diagram and principle
CDU block diagram is as shown in Figure 2-19.
Pr-OUT
Pf-OUT
TX1
TX2
RXM-OUT
Combiner Duplexer Directional
coupler
RXM-Test
TX-Test
TX/RXM-ANT
Isolator
Isolator
Figure 2-19 CDU block diagram
l Isolator
There are two isolators at each input port of combiner in CDU. They are used to
isolate the two carriers from two input ports.
l 2-in-1 combiner
The combiner is a narrow band cavity filtering combiner. In comparison with
broadband combiner, the narrow band combiner features has lower insertion loss and
effective isolation.
l Duplexer
The duplexer is used to isolate transmitted signals and received signals, suppress
transmission spurious and reduce antenna quantity.
l Directional coupler
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The directional coupler couples forward/reverse power to RLDU, implementing the
antenna VSWR monitoring and BTS transmit power detecting.
III. External interface
CDU is a module shared by transmit and receive path of the BTS. It has interfaces
with other modules both in the transmitting and receiving paths. Its external interfaces
include a set of 8W8 D-sub combination blind mate connectors on the backside and a
set of N connectors, SMA connectors on the front side. The interface signals include:
l RF Signals between CDU combiner input ports and BHPA output ports,
transferred through the blind mate connectors on the backside.
l BTS Transmit signals which are transferred to the cabinet-top antenna interface
through the RF cable connected with the N connector at the front side of CDU.
l BTS Receive signals which are transferred from the cabinet-top antenna
interface through the RF cable connected with the N connector on the front side
of CDU.
l BTS receive signals output from the duplexer, sent to RLDU via the blind mate
connector on the backside.
l Forward/reverse coupled RF signals, sent to RLDU via the blind mate connector
on the backside.
l Forward/reverse coupled test signals, output through the standard SMA
connector on the front side of CDU.
IV. Index
l Number of combined channels: 2
l Frequency gap of two combined carriers: 2.50MHz
l Frequency band of combined signal: Any continuous 3.75MHz within
869~894MHz
l Operation frequency band (receive path): Any continuous 3.75MHz within
824~849MHz
l Module size: L%W%H=450mm%100mm%344.8mm
2.3.6 Duplexer Filter Unit (DFU)
I. Overview
DFU mainly has the following functions:
l Performs transmit/receive duplex isolation and filtering for the single carrier
signals from BHPA.
l Diversity receive signals filtering in order to suppress outband interference.
Key internal parts of DFU includes low-pass filter, duplexer, diversity receive filter and
directional coupler.
II. Block diagram and principle
DFU block diagram is as shown in Figure 2-20.
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N
D-SUB S
DN-Type SMA-Type
N
S
S
D
D
D
D
TX-TEST
TX/RXM-ANT
RXM-TEST
Pf-OUT
Pr-OUT
TX
RXM-OUT
Low-pass filter
D
RXD-OUT NRXD-ANT
SRXD-TEST
Diversity receive filter
Low-pass filter Duplexer
Directional coupler
Figure 2-20 DFU block diagram
l Low-pass filter
At the transmit signal input port and main/diversity receive signal output port, there
are three low-pass filters used for low-pass filtering of transmit and main/diversity
receive signals.
l Duplexer
The duplexer is used to isolate transmit and receive signals, suppress transmission
spurious and reduce antenna quantity.
l Diversity Receive filter
The diversity receive filter of DFU is a separate path. Signals received by the diversity
antenna must be filtered by the diversity receive filter in DFU before being sent to the
low noise amplifier in RLDU for amplification.
l Directional coupler
The directional coupler couples forward/reverse signal power for RLDU, implementing
the antenna VSWR monitoring and BTS transmit power detecting.
III. External interface
DFU is a module shared by transmit and receive path of the BTS. It has interfaces
with other modules in the transmitting and receiving paths. Its external interfaces
include a set of 8W8 D-sub combination blind mate connectors on the backside and a
set of N connectors, SMA connectors on the front side. The interface signals include:
l The signal between DFU and BHPA is transferred through the blind mate
connectors on the backside.
l BTS Transmit signal which is transferred to the cabinet-top antenna interface
through the RF cable connected with the N connector at the front side of the
module.
l BTS receive signal which is transferred from the cabinet-top antenna interface to
DFU for filtering through the RF cable connected with the N connector on the
front side of the module.
l BTS receive Signals output from the duplexer and diversity receive filter, sent to
RLDU via the blind mate connector on the backside.
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l Forward/reverse coupled RF signals, sent to RLDU via the blind mate
connectors on the backside.
l Forward/reverse coupled test signals, output through the standard SMA
connector on the front side .
IV. Index
l Operation frequency band (transmit path): Any continuous 3.75MHz within
869~894MHz.
l Operation frequency band (receive path): Any continuous 3.75MHz within
824~849MHz.
l Module size: L%W%H=450mm%100mm%344.8mm
2.3.7 Receive LNA Distribution Unit (RLDU)
I. Overview
RLDU consists of LNA (Low Noise Amplifier), distribution unit, configuration switch
and alarm monitoring circuit. Its main functions are:
l Performs BTS receive signals low noise amplification and distribution
l Built-in electronic RF switch supports multiple BTS configurations of 3 sectors or
6 sectors.
l Antenna VSWR monitoring and alarming, BTS forward RF power detecting, LNA
runing status monitoring and alarming.
II. Block diagram and principle
RLDU block diagram is as shown in Figure 2-21.
VSWR check processing
VSWR and power
check
LNA
module
Switch distribution
module
DC-IN
FUSE
PWR
S/W
DB15
RXAM-TEST
RXBM-TEST
RXBD-IN
RXBM-IN
RXAD-IN
RXAM-IN
APf-IN
APr-IN
BPf-IN
BPr-IN
RXAM1
RXAM2
RXAD1
RXAD2
RXAM3/RXBM1
RXAM4/RXBM2
RXAD3/RXBD1
RXAD4/RXBD2
Power supply
Forward power output
Figure 2-21 RLDU block diagram
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1) Receive signal low noise amplification and distribution units
There are 4 LNAs and distributors inside RLDU, which can perform BTS receive
signals low noise amplification and distribution into 4 branchs. The 4 LNAs have the
same specifications such as gain, noise factor and dynamic. It is ensured that the 4
receive paths are balanced.
2) Configuration switch unit
The electronic switches inside RLDU are designed for supporting different BTS
configurations. When the BTS is configured in 3-sector mode, the electronic switches
can be set digitally , making sure that RLDU operating in a single sector that has
only two receive paths(main and diversity path). Each path provides 1: 4 dividers to
support 1~4 carriers configuration for each sector. When the BTS is configured in
6-sector mode, the electronic switches can be set digitally, making sure that RLDU
operating in two sectors, each of which has 4 receive paths (two main paths and two
diversity paths). Each path provides 1:2dividers, supporting 1~2 carriers configuration
for each sector.
3) Antenna VSWR and LNA status monitoring unit
The transmitted forward/reverse power coupling signals from CDU or DFU are
processed in the antenna VSWR monitoring circuit inside RLDU. When the transmit
antenna VSWR exceeds a specified threshold, alarm signal will occur. At the same
time, RLDU also converts transmit coupling power signal into DC level signal through
its RF power detecting circuits. Through this DC level signal, any exception of
transmit signal power of each antenna can be monitored in real time. LNA status
monitoring circuit monitors the working voltage and current of the 4 LNAs inside
RLDU. It gives alarm when any faults t is found.
III. External interface
RLDU is the reverse link function module of the BTS, which has interface with
CDU/DFU and BTRM in both input side and output side through the two sets of 8W8
D-sub combination blind mate connectors on the backside of the module.
1) Interface signals between RLDU and CDU/DFU are:
l Main/diversity path receive RF signals output from two CDU/DFU receive filters
which then will be amplified and distributed by RLDU.
l CDU/DFU coupling RF signal is mainly used for antenna VSWR monitoring and
forward power detecting.
2) Interface signals between RLDU and BTRM are:
l Main/diversity path receive RF signal transmitted to BTRM after being amplified
and distributed.
l Antenna VSWR, LNA status monitoring alarm signal and forward power
detecting DC voltage signal, output to BRCM by RLDU through a DB15 interface
on the front side of the module and transferred to BIFM for processing.
3) The +27V DC power is necessary for RLDU, provided directly by the secondary
power supply module in the BTS through a MOLEX power connector on the front side
of the module.
IV. Index
l Operation frequency band: 824~849MHz
l Power Supply: +27VDC
l power consumption <50W
l Board size: L%W%H= 450mm%180mm%50mm
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2.3.8 RF Fan Module (BRFM)
BRFM mainly consists of BBFM, BBFL and fan. The following is the introduction to
BBFM and BBFL.
I. BTS BTRM FAN Monitor (BBFM)
1) Overview
BBFM collects and analyzes the temperature information of BHPA module and adjust
the fan speed in real time to lower the system audio noise, gives the equipment a
longer service life and improve the external performance of the overall system on the
premise that the system works in a safe thermal status. The Pulse Wide Modulation
(PWM) control signal regarding the fan speed can be generated by the MCU of the
local board or configured by the speed adjustment control of BTRM module. At the
same time, BBFM reports to BCKM the gain drop, over-temperature, input overdrive
alarm and fan fault alarm of BHPA, to ensure the safety of BHPA module. Its functions
are as follows:
l Control fan speed, monitor and report fan alarm.
l Monitor and report BHPA alarm.
l Drive fan monitor lamp module.
l Collect temperature information of BHPA module
l Communicate with BTRM module.
2) Block diagram and principle
The position of BBFM in BHPA module is as shown in Figure 2-22.
Fan cover
BHPA
BBFM
Blind mate
connector
Figure 2-22 Position of BBFM in BHPA module
The block diagram of BBFM is as shown in Figure 2-23.
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MCU
Communication
interface
Watchdog
HPAU
Interface
circuit
PWM
Modulation
circuit
Panel indicator
driving alarm
signal isolation
circuit
Temperature
collection
Serial port
BBFM
BHPA
External
temperature
collection
Fan cover
BTRM
Figure 2-23 block diagram of BBFM module
l MCU module
Collect and analyze the temperature information to generate PWM signal for
controlling the fan speed. Receive alarm signal generated by BHPA module and fan
alarm signal and report to BTRM module. Generate panel indicator signal.
Communicate with BTRM module.
l BHPA interface module
Complete the isolation and driving of interface between BHPA.
l Temperature information collection module
Collect the temperature information of BHPA module in real time to be implemented
by MCU in query operation.
l Panel indicator drive and alarm signal isolation module
It is used to drive the panel indicator and isolate fan alarm signal.
l Communication module
Perform serial communication with BTRM module.
l Power supply module
The input power of BFMM is +27V, power consumption 3.5W (including power for the
fan).
3) Interface
l BHPA interface
Interface with BHPA module, used for BHPA alarm monitoring.
l Serial communication interface
Interface used to report the alarm of the fan and BHPA module.
l Interface with the fan cover
Including fan alarm signal, user panel indicator, and fan power interface.
4) Index
The size of BBFM: 200.0mm%55.0mm.
II. BTS BTRM FAN Lamp Module (BBFL)
1) Overview
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BBFL has three RUN indicators to indicate the running status of BTRM module, fan
and BHPA module. The board is connected with BBFM via the fan cover interface. It
is an auxiliary board.
2) Block diagram and principle
The block diagram of BBFL is as shown in Figure 2-24.
Fan cover port (connect to BBFM)
BHPA indicator
FAN indicator
BTRM indicator
LED1 LED2 LED3
Fan 2 interface
Fan 1 interface
Figure 2-24 Block diagram of BBFL module
BBFL consists of the following parts:
l Fan 1 interface module
Connected with Fan 1, power supply input port of Fan 1 and fan alarm output port. It
is a 4Pin ordinary socket connector.
l Fan 2 interface module
Connected with Fan 2, power supply input port of Fan 2 and fan alarm output port, It
is a 4Pin ordinary socket connector.
l Fan cover port interface module
Connected with the fan cover opening of BBFM.
3) Panel indicator
LED1: BTRM running signal
LED2: Fan running signal
LED3: BHPA running signal
4) Index
Size of BBFL: 55.0mm×25.0mm.
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2.4 Antenna & Feeder Subsystem
2.4.1 Overview
BTS antenna & feeder subsystem consists of two parts: RF antenna & feeder and
dual-satellite synchronization antenna & feeder. The former transmits the modulated
RF signal and receives MS signals, while the latter provides precise synchronization
for CDMA system.
2.4.2 RF Antenna & Feeder
RF antenna & feeder of the BTS is composed of outdoor antenna, jumper from
antenna to feeder, feeder and the jumper from feeder to cabinet-top, as shown in
Figure 2-25.
Sector
¦Á
Sector
¦Â Sector
¦Ã
Antenna
Feeder
Jumper
Jumper
BTS cabinet
Figure 2-25 Structure of RF antenna & feeder
II. Antenna
Antenna is the end point of transmitting and start point of receiving. Type, gain,
coverage pattern and front-to-rear ratio of the antenna can affect the system
performance. The network designer should choose antenna properly based on the
user number and coverage.
1) Antenna gain
Antenna gain is the capability of the antenna to radiate the input power in specific
directions. Normally, the higher gain, the larger coverage. But there may be blind area
in the vicinity.
2) Antenna pattern
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Antenna pattern describes the radiation intensities of the antenna in all directions. In
the field of communications, it usually means a horizontal pattern. BTS antenna is
available in two types: 360 omni-antenna and directional antenna. The directional
antenna includes the following types: 120 , 90 , 65 and 33 .
3) Polarization
Polarization is used to describe the direction of the electrical field. The mobile
communication system often uses an uni-polar antenna. Bi-polar antennae have been
used recently. The two poles are perpendicular to each other, which reduces the
quantity of antenna used.
4) Diversity technology
Electrical wave propagation in urban area has the following features:
l Field intensity value changes slowly with different places and different times. It
changes in the rule of logarithmic normal distribution, which is called slow
attenuation.
l Field intensity transient value attenuates selectively since it is multi-path
transmission. The attenuation rules falls in Rayleigh distribution, which is called
fast attenuation.
Either fast attenuation or slow attenuation impairs the quality of communication or
even interrupts the conversation. Diversity technology is one of the most effective
technologies to tackle the attenuation problem. Diversity receiving and combining
technology can be used to minimize the attenuation when there is little correlation
between the two attenuated signals. There are polarized diversity and space diversity.
In the present mobile communication system, horizontal space diversity and polarized
diversity are both supported. Theoretical conclusion shows that space diversity is
effective when the distance between two antennae is over 10 wavelengths. Polarized
diversity facilitates antenna installation and saves space. Therefore it is used more
and more extensively.
5) Antenna isolation
The receive/transmit antenna must be installed with sufficient isolation to minimize the
effect on the receiver. The isolation extent is subject to the out-of-band noise of the
transmitter and the sensitivity of the receiver.
III. Feeder
Normally, the standard 7/8 inch or 5/4 inch feeder line should be used to connect the
outdoor antenna and indoor cabinet. In the site installation, 7/16 DIN connectors
should be made on the line that has been laid. The feeder should enter the equipment
room from the tower top or building top. Three grounding cable clips for lightning
protection should be installed in the intermediate section and the wall hole where
feeder enter indoors. If the feeder is excessively long, additional cable clips are
needed.
Since 7/8 inch feeder line should not be bent, the tower top or building antenna and
the feeder, indoor cabinet and the feeder should be connected via jumpers. The
specifications of Huawei standard jumpers are 1/2 inch, 3.5m long, 7/16DIN
connector.
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2.4.3 Dual-Satellite Synchronization Antenna & Feeder
I. Overview of dual-satellite synchronization antenna & feeder
Many important features of CDMA system are closely connected with global satellite
navigation system and are much dependent on it. If global satellite navigation system
does not work for a long time, the whole network will collapse. In consideration of the
system security and reliability, BTS receives the signals of GPS system or of
GLONASS system through the dual-satellite synchronization antenna & feeder, to
implement radio synchronization. In this way, the whole network can operate normally
without any adverse effect when GPS or GLONASS system is not available. The
following describes the application of GPS and GLONASS in CDMA system.
1) GPS
CDMA network can be synchronized with GPS. GPS is a high precision global
positioning system set up by American Navy Observatory. The full name is Global
Timing & Positioning Navigation Star System (NAVSTAR). It is a all-weather satellite
navigation system based on high frequency radio. It provides 3D-position information,
so users can attain high precision information about position, speed and time. The
3D-position is accurate to less than 10 yard (approx. 9.1m) in space and less than
100ns in time. The received signal is processed and used as the master reference
frequency.
The whole system consists of three parts: space, land control and user.
Space part is a group of satellites of 20183 kilometers high orbiting the earth at a
speed of 12 hours/circle. There are 24 satellites together, running on 6 orbits. The plane of
each orbit is at a 55°angle with the equator.
The land control consists of a main control center and some widely distributed
stations. The land control network tracks the satellites and controls their orbits
accurately. It also corrects astronomical data and other system data from time to time
and transmits to users through the satellites.
The user part is the GPS receivers and their supporting equipment. The local system
is actually a GPS user, utilizing timing function of GPS. GPS satellites are
synchronized with a cesium atom clock group on the land. Therefore, GPS timing
signal is steady and reliable. The frequency is in a long-term stability of cesium atom
clock level. BTS uses a highly stable crystal clock, which is stable on a short-term
base. When the crystal clock works with GPS, it makes the clock of CDMA system
absolutely stable and reliable.
(2) GLONASS
GLONASS is a global satellite navigation system developed by the former Soviet
Union and inherited by Russia. It is of a similar structure to GPS of USA. There are 24
satellites distributed on 3 orbits. The inclination of the orbit is 64.8 at a height of
18840~19940 km. The satellites go around the earth one circle every 11 hours 15
minutes and 44 seconds. Satellites are identified with frequency division
multi-address, i.e. different satellites use different frequencies. Since the inclination of
the orbits is greater than that of GPS, the visibility at high latitude area (over 50 ) is
better than that of GPS. The design service life of the present satellites is 3~4 years.
The service life of the new generation GLONASS will be 5 years, with enhanced
functions of inter-satellite data communication and autonomous running. At present,
only 19 satellites are working in the constellation and some of them are not working
well. The coverage is not as large as GPS system.
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The user equipment receives C/A code, P code and two carriers signals modulated
from the navigation data L1: 1602MHz +?fL1, L2: 1 246 MHz+?fL2 (?fL1, ?fL2
are frequency increments of different satellites), to identify the position of the satellite
and measure the distance between the user and the satellite. The position of the user
can be figured out. The algorithm used is similar to that of GPS.
BTS system uses intelligent software phase-locking, memory technology to minimize
the interference such as signal wander and jitter due to ionosphere error and
troposphere error of GPS satellites. BTS system can not only provide accurate timing
signal, but provide accurate calendar clock (hour, minute, second). BTS supports
GPS/GLONASS dual-satellite system synchronization mode, providing two
synchronization solutions GPS or GPS/GLONASS as required by the user.
II. Antenna
l GPS antenna
The antenna is an active antenna. The L1 band signal sent by GPS satellite is
received by GPS antenna. The received L1 GPS signal is filtered by a narrowband
filter and amplified by a preamplifier. Then it is sent to a GPS receive card. GPS
antenna applies to all kinds of GPS receivers. Feature indices are as follows:
Frequency: 1.575GHz
Bandwidth: 20MHz
Gain: 32~35dB
Voltage: +5.0±0.25VDC
Current: 35mA
Impedance: 50W
Polarity: RHCP
l GPS/GLONASS dual-satellite receiving antenna
This antenna receive GPS signal of band L1 (1.575GHz) and GLONASS signal
(1.611GHz), power with 5~18V, gain is 36dB.
III. Feeder
The feeder is the physically foamed polyethylene insulation RF coaxial cable,
impedance 50-ohm, 10-FB. Nominal parameters are:
70dB/km (400MHz)
113dB/km (900MHz)
The 100m loss in 1.575GHz frequency is 13.78dB.
The coaxial cable is mainly used to transmit the GPS signal received by the GSP
antenna to GPS card. At the same time, the coaxial cable also provides power for the
antenna module to make pre-amplification.
The cable is useable when dual-satellite solution is adopted.
IV. Lightning arrester of antenna and feeder
The lightning arrester of antenna and feeder used in BTS, clamp voltage -1~+7VDC,
standing wave ratio less than 1.1:1, signal attenuation less than 0.1dB (1.2~2GHz).
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V. Receiver
GPS receiver has 8 parallel paths, capable of tracking 8 satellites concurrently. The
receiver receives GPS signal of band L1 (1575.42MHz) and tracks C/A code. The
receiver must be powered with 5V DC regulated power supply. Inside the receiver, the
RF signal processor makes frequency down-conversion to the GPS signal received
by the antenna to get intermediate frequency (IF) signal. The IF signal is converted to
digital signal and sent to 8-path code and carrier correlator, where signal detect, code
correlation, carrier tracking and filter are performed. The processed signal is
synchronized and sent to positioning MPU. This part of circuit controls the working
mode and decoding of GPS receiver, processes satellite data, measures
pseudo-distance and pseudo-distance increment so as to calculate the position,
speed and time. The sensitivity of the receive card is -137dBm.
The dual-satellite receive card has 20 receiving paths. GPS L1 can be upgraded to
GPS/GLONASS L1+L2 or with any other options in a password mechanism. The time
accuracy can be up to 25ns.
2.5 Power Supply Subsystem
2.5.1 Overview
BTS built-in power supply module converts -48V DC into +27V, provided for BTS,
forming the power supply subsystem together with power distribution, lightning
protection and power monitoring.
According to the requirement of BTS overall design, each site can be configured with
multiple cabinets as required. Different cabinets are interconnected so that different
network configurations can be implemented as necessary with flexibility, convenience
and reliability. Therefore the power supply subsystem also needs flexible, convenient
and reliable distribution monitoring solution such as centralized lightning protection,
distributed DC power: i.e. the power supply subsystem of each cabinet is an
integrated system and each power supply module has its own built-in monitoring unit.
They are connected on the backplane and report to BTRM through the universal
monitor bus, to implement power management and monitoring.
The -48V power input is filtered by EMI filter and connected to the wiring terminal on
the top of the equipment, and then connected to the power backplane input junction
bar in the secondary power supply subrack. The +27V power is output from the
output junction bar of power subrack backplane. Then the +27V power is led out from
the busbar, going up along the wiring trough to the distribution copper bar in the DC
switchbox on top of the cabinet. The distribution copper bars in the switchbox
distribute +27V DC power to different modules. They go along through the copper bar
leading wire and the over-current protection devices for individual power consumption
units and connected with the outbound terminals at the back of the distribution box. In
this way, it is ensured that the line is disconnected when there is over-current to a
specific unit and other units will not be affected.
The schematic diagram of the whole power supply subsystem is as shown in
Figure 2-26.
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Lightning protection
power distribution
DC/DC
module DC/DC
module DC/DC
module
EMI
filter
-48V
+27VDC OUT
Load
.....
Monitoring
serial port
Figure 2-26 BTS power supply subsystem
2.5.2 General Structure
The -48V power is filtered by the EMI filter on top of the cabinet, and then goes down
along the cabinet wiring trough, and connected to the input junction bar of the power
subrack backplane. The power supply subsystem uses 5xDC/DC power supply units
(PSU) in full configuration. The PSU is +27V/65A. 5xPSUs provide 4+1 backup mode,
ensuring an output of at least 7200W. The board size:
L%W%H=400mm%121.9mm%177.8mm. The operation principle of the power supply
subsystem is as shown in Figure 2-27.
Wiring terminals
-48VIN
GND
DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
Power supply subrack
Switch box
-48V power supply indication
From cabinet-top LGND
DU …
TRX0
PGND
RLDU1TRX11
16 service units RLDU0 RLDU2
Indicator PCB
DC/DC
DC/DC
...
...
Figure 2-27 Operational diagram of the power supply subsystem
2.5.3 Technical Indices
I. DC input lightning protection
DC input lightning protection part is an external cabinet-top lightning arrester. It mainly
features the following:
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l Temperature detect fusing technology is used, with built-in over-current
protection circuit, preventing fire.
l Multiple autonomous current equalization technology is used, capable of
withstanding successive lightning attack.
l Common mode, differential mode all protection, low residual pressure.
l Dual-color working status indication, with remote alarm trunk node.
l Compact, easy installation.
1) Input parameter
Input mode: -48VDC
Working voltage range: -40VDC~-60VDC
Maximum input current: 30kA
2) Wiring mode
Connect the positive and negative poles of the power cord with V+, V- of the lightning
arrester.
Connect the PE end to the lightning protection and grounding copper bar.
3) Lightning protection index
Maximum flow: 30kA, once, 8/20µs impact current wave
Rated flow: 5kA, 5 times for positive and negative each, 8/20µs impact current wave
Residual pressure: 250V
4) Indicator and alarm dry node parameter
When the green indicator is on and the red is off, it means the power input is normal,
and the lightning arrester is working normally.
If the green indicator is off and the red indicator is on, it means the power input is
abnormal, components in the lightning arrester are damaged, protection effect is
deteriorated and the device must be replaced immediately.
Normally-closed contact. The alarm dry node is closed when the lightning arrester is
normal and it is open when the device is faulty. Regulated current 1A.
5) Size of the lightning arrester: L×W×H= 41mm×95mm×59mm
II. DC/DC power supply module technical parameters
Power supply module uses well-developed circuits, with perfect protection function.
The safety specification is UL, TUV, CCEE proven. EMC is compliant with EN55022
and IEC61000-4 standards.
l Working temperature: -10~45?
l Storage temperature: -40~70?
l Atmospheric pressure: 70~106kpa
l Relative humidity: 15%~85%
l Input voltage: -40~ -60VDC
l Input under-voltage current-limiting protection point: -36±1VDC
l Input under-voltage recovery point: -38±1VDC
l Output voltage: +27±0.5V
l Output voltage range: +25~+29VDC
l Output over voltage protection point: +30.5 ±0.5VDC
l DC output rated current: 65A
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l Output current-limiting point: 68.5~71.5A
l Regulated voltage precision: ±1%
Loaded regulation: ±0.5%
Voltage regulation: ±0.2%
l Output noise voltage
Balanced noise of the telephone: 2.0mV (300~3400Hz)
Broadband noise voltage: 30mV (3.4k~30MHz)
Peak-peak value noise voltage: 100mV (0~20MHz)
Discrete noise voltage: 5mV (3.4kHz~150kHz)
3mV (150kHz~200kHz)
2mV (200kHz~500kHz)
1mV (500kHz~30MHz)
l Power efficiency: ƒ85% (in full load)
l Dynamic performance
Load effect recovery time: 200µs 25%~50%~25% load variance
50%~75%~50% load variance
Output overshoot: 5% output voltage setting value
l Equipment delay: 5s
l Safety requirement
Insulation resistance of input-case, input-output, output-case: ƒ2MO
Test conditions: ambient temperature: 20±5?
Relative humidity: 90%
Test voltage: DC 500V
l Dielectric strength
Input-output: AC 1000V/1min/30mA
Input-ground: AC 500V/1min/30mA
Output-ground: AC 500V/1min/30mA
l EMI requirement
Conducted interference
On 150kHz~30MHz frequency, the conducted interference level in the power cord of
the tested equipment should not exceed class "A" limit in EN55022 Table 1.
Radiated interference
On 150kHz~1000MHz frequency, the radiated interference level of the power cord of
the tested equipment should not exceed class "A" limit in EN55022 Table 1.
l Reliability
Test the product reliability with MTBF. The MTBF value of the power supply
subsystem should not be lower than 15%104h.
l High temperature aging
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The power supply subsystem works in full load for 4 hours continuously at an ambient
temperature of 55±2? and all its technical index can still meet the requirement of
this standard.
2.5.4 Power Supply Monitoring
The monitoring information of the whole power supply subsystem and each power
supply module is all provided via the RS485 serial port on the backplane. Monitor
items are as follows:
I. What is to be monitored
1) Control value
l Power supply module total shutdown control
l Power supply module auto shutdown control
2) Switch signal value
l Fan alarm signal
l Overheat alarm signal
l Output over-voltage alarm signal
l Input under-voltage alarm signal
3) Current, voltage analog signal
l Output voltage (V)
l Output current (A)
4) Interface setup note
Power supply subsystem provides an RS485 port on the backplane, used to report
monitor information to BCKM.
2.5.5 BTS Direct Current Switchbox (BDCS)
BDCS is used to power the system. When +27V is output from the power subrack, it
is connected to the distribution copper bar in the switchbox via the bus bar installed
on the back pole. The power is distributed on the copper bars, going through the
switch and connected with terminal bars. In line distribution, the outbound terminals
are connected with the power consume supply units. There are also lightning
protection alarm indicators -48V power status indicators in the switchbox.
There is one set of +27 power sockets on the panel of the DC switchbox, used to
supply power for RF module maintenance locally or measure voltage.
2.6 Environment Monitoring
BTS equipment rooms are usually unattended and widely distributed. In comparison
with switch equipment rooms, BTS equipment rooms have fewer and simpler
equipment, and operate in a harsher environment where fire or flooding is likely to
happen. To ensure that BTS equipment works normally, intensive environment
monitoring system is required to handle any accidents.
The environment monitoring system of the BTS consists of the environment
monitoring equipment and BCKM. The environment monitoring equipment collects
environment information and reports the information to OMC.
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The environment monitoring equipment consists of environment alarm collection box
and the sensor.
The environment alarm collection box collects external environment parameter
through the sensors. The parameters are processed in the box. If alarm condition is
met, an alarm will be sent to BCKM as a switch value, via the alarm transmission
signal line, asynchronous serial port and optical fiber. BCKM collects the alarm signal,
makes corresponding processing and reports to OMC.
The alarm box in the system can real-time monitor the temperature, humidity, smoke
and illegal invasion alarm in the environment. It can also automatically detect the
environment based on the specified value, automatically give alarm and drive related
protection apparatus such as fire extinguisher, humidifier, dehumidifier and burglar
proof device. The alarm box can also receive instruction from the control center to
modify parameters and activate protection apparatus.
The alarm box features the following:
l Real-time indication of temperature and humidity
l Time indication
l Fire, smoke, humiture, water and three types of burglar alarms
l Panel control key pad
l Provide 10x switch value input (optical/electrical isolation)
l 6x relays (max. 5A/220V) drive external actuator
l 2x PWM outputs (8bit resolution, basic clock not more than 500kHz)
l 7 independent open-collector gates (absorption current 300mA) driving
l Communicate with BCKM of BTS through RS485 interface
2.6.1 Alarm Box Input
l Monitor temperature: frequency type hygrothermograph
l Monitor humidity: frequency type hygrothermograph
l Monitor smoke: ionic smoke sensor or optical/electrical smoke sensor
l Monitor naked flame (optional): flame detector or hyper-thermo detector
l Burglar proof monitoring: infrared monitor, optical/electrical monitor, door
magnetic monitor
l Other sensor input: the input signals of all above sensors can be expanded to 10
switch values except the quantum temperature and humiture signals
2.6.2 Alarm Indicator
The 10 red indicator in the alarm box panel correspond to the following alarm values:
l Fire alarm: alarm activated from over heat or by smoke detector
l Smoke alarm: overtime alarm of the smoke sensor
l Temperature upper limit: alarm activated when the ambient temperature exceeds
the upper limit of the temperature range.
l Temperature lower limit: alarm activated when the ambient temperature exceeds
the lower limit of the temperature range.
l Humidity abnormal: alarm activated when the relative humidity is not in the
specified range.
l Soaking: alarm activated when the soaking detector is triggered.
l Air-conditioner status: alarm activated when a fault occurs to the air-conditioner.
l Optical/electrical: for prevention of burglary, alarm activated when the
optical/electrical switch is trigger.
l Infrared: for prevention of burglary, alarm activated when the infrared sensor is
triggered.
l Door magnetic: for prevention of burglary, alarm activated when the door
magnetic switch is triggered.
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When a sensor has more than one input signals, alarming on any signal will be
considered an alarm event. All sensors can be expanded to multi-channel sensors,
at most 10 channels except the temperature and humiture sensors.
2.6.3 Interface of Executive Mechanism
The environment monitoring function of BTS also includes the following interfaces of
executive mechanism.
1) Six (A~F) normally open/closed optional relay contacts output to control the
protection devices. The relay is 1A/220V. Usage can be customized, but the default
setting is as follows:
l A starts the freezer. The relay is actuated when the temperature exceeds the
upper limit of the specified range.
l B starts the heater. The relay is actuated when the temperature exceeds the
lower limit of the specified range.
l C starts the dehumidifier. The relay is actuated when the humidity exceeds the
upper limit of the specified range.
l D starts the humidifier. The relay is actuated when the humidity exceeds the
lower limit of the specified range.
l F starts the burglar alarm. The relay is actuated when a burglar alarm occurs.
2) Two PWM outputs, driven by the open-collector gate, drive current 300mA. Period
can be customized, 1 second by default, resolution 8 bits (0~255).
3) Seven open-collector gate outputs, drive current 300mA, controlling the specified
actuator.
2.6.4 Communication
There is bi-directional link between the alarm box and BCKM. The alarm box reports
BCKM through the link about the alarm status and monitored data. BCKM can send
commands to control the alarm box to actuate the protection devices and set alarm
parameters.
2.7 Lightning Protection System
2.7.1 Overview
Thunder and lightning is a universal natural phenomenon. It is impossible to prevent it.
What can be done is to reduce the accident probability. Lightning attack probability is
different in different areas. It is related to the external environment (weather, lightning
protection and grounding) where the equipment is located and the protection quality
of the equipment.
The lightning protection of communication equipment should be in line with the
following principles:
Systematic protection: since information equipment is extensively connected and
lightning surge is all pervasive, protection by means of equipment and board only is
not enough. A thorough research should be conducted to the systematic environment
where the communication station (site) is located.
Probability protection: lightning discharge is random. Statistics can be roughly made
to the lightning parameters. Lightning protection equipment cannot prevent the
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lightning and lightning protection devices cannot suppress all over-voltage and
over-current. Although there is small probability for destructive lightnings, it costs
much to guard against it.
Multi-level protection: IEC 61312 divides the equipment premises area into several
lightning protection zones: LPZ0A, LPZ0B, LPZ1 and LPZ2, as shown in Figure 2-27.
LPZ2 EM field
further attenuation
LPZ0A is likely to be attacked by
direct lightning, with no attenuation
in the electromagnetic field
Antenna
Metal (pipe)
Equipment
Communication cable
Power cable
Hole (such as window)
Pole or fence
LPZ0B is not likely to be
attacked by direct lightning,with
no attenuation in the
electromagnetic field
LPZ1 is not likely to be attacked by
direct lightning, with no attenuation in
the electromagnetic field.
Figure 2-28 EC 61312 Space division of lightning protection zone
BTS equipment is usually in LPZ1 and communication cables, power lines and
antennae are usually in LPZ0A. Different protection measures are taken for different
zones. The multi-level protection requires equipotential connection (equipotential
connection means the connection with conductors or surge protectors of lightning
apparatus with metal structures of the premises, metal devices, foreign conductor,
electrical appliances and telecommunication equipment located in the area where
lightning protection is necessary), to reduce metal parts in the lightning protection
zone and minimize potential difference between the systems.
Generally, to lower the probability of lightning attack to the BTS, much attention
should be devoted to three points: protection system where the station (site) is
located, BTS internal lightning protection system and their interoperation.
2.7.2 Lightning Protection for DC
I. Multi-level protection of power supply
The BTS power supply subsystem is normally in 5-level protection, as shown in
Figure 2-29.
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.
.
.
3-phase AC
AC/DC
6kV 4kV 2.5 kV 1.5 kV
Great power-absorbing
capability, slow
response, at cable inlet
of the room, optional
Normal power-absorbing
capability, quick
response, in front of
rectifier module
Low power-absorbing
capability, very quick
response, in rectifier
module
Level-1 protection Level-2 protection Level-3 protection Level-4 protection
Considerable
power-absorbing
capability, normal
response, at the AC
distribution point
Figure 2-29 Illustration of lightning protection of BTS power
II. Principle of DC lightning arrester
Level-5 protection is a built-in integrated lightning arrester in the cabinet-top box. The
operation principle is as shown in Figure 2-30.
EMI
-48V
GND Signal line
Wiring terminal
PGND
Lightning arrester
Figure 2-30 Illustration of lightning protection of BTS power
2.7.3 Lightning Protection for Trunk Line
I. Overview
Three kinds of trunk line are supported in BTS: 75O coaxial cable (E1), 120O
twisted pair (E1) and optical fiber. Lightning protection is out of question if optical fiber
is used as the trunk line because the BTS is connected with fiber pigtail. For the two
kinds of E1 trunk line, lightning protection is provided by the BTS E1 surge protector
(BESP) on top of the equipment.
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II. Connection to BTS via E1 trunk line
As shown in Figure 2-31.
BESP
BTS
Transmission
equipment BCIM
75/120O75/120O
Grounding bar of the room
Figure 2-31 Connection to BTS via trunk lines
III. BESP introduction
E1 interface protection of BTS is implemented through a BESP on top of the
equipment. In consideration of the limit cabinet-top space or the convenience of
installation or dismounting, two identical BESPs are used, each with 8 pairs (16 PCS)
E1 lightning protection units, 1 DB37 connector and 2 DB25 connectors, as shown in
Figure 2-32.
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DB37
DB25 DB25
16 E1 lightning
protection units
128mm
128mm
Fixing hole§3.5
PGND§10
Out from the
cabinet
(4 pairs of
E1s)
Into the
cabinet
(8 pairs of
E1s)
10mm
6mm
6mm
5mm
Out from the
cabinet
(4 pairs of
E1s)
Figure 2-32 Physical appearance of BESP
E1 lightning protection unit has two inbound lines connected with DB25 and two
outbound lines connected with DB37 and one PGND. Here PGNDs of all lightning
protection units can be interconnected. DB37 connector is male and DB25 connector
is female, with 8 pairs of shielded E1 cables connected. 75O and 120O impedance
match is provided with the cables. The principle of lightning protection units is as
shown in Figure 2-33.
Core
Sheath
PGND
Lead in
DB25 Lead out
DB37
Figure 2-33 Principle of E1 lightning protection units
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2.7.4 Lightning Protection for Antenna & Feeder Port
I. Lightning protection design for RF antenna & feeder port
Antenna & feeder lightning protection is to protect against secondary lightning attack,
i.e. inductive lightning. Inductive lightning means that the feeder receives inductive
current at the transient moment of lightning attack, which cause damage to the
equipment.
Inductive lightning can be prevented effectively in three ways:
l The feeder is grounded at three points.
l Antenna DC is grounded. The inductive current on the conductor in the feeder
can be discharged through the antenna.
l CDU DC is grounded. The inductive current on the conductor in the feeder can
be discharged through CDU.
The above three measures can be taken to guard against 8kA lightning current.
II. Lighting protection design for dual-satellite synchronization antenna &
feeder
GPS/GLONASS antenna & feeder is protected with an additional lightning arrester to
prevent the damage caused by the lightning current induced on the core of the
antenna & feeder.
Lightning protection can be active and passive:
l Passive lightning protection: the low frequency lightning current is grounded by
microwave principle, to provide protection.
l Active lightning protection: a discharge tube is used as the lightning arrester.
When the voltage at both ends of the discharge tube comes to a specified value,
the two ends will be connected, hence the lightning protection.
The dual-satellite synchronization antenna & feeder adopts passive lightning
protection. Its equivalent circuit is as shown in Figure 2-34.
L1
12
C1
C2
C3 C4 L2
Figure 2-34 Lightning protection for BTS antenna & feeder port
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3 Software Architecture
3.1 Overall Architecture
cBTS3612-800 software consists of application and bottom layer software in terms of
layer. And in terms of functional unit, there are main control software, O&M software,
clock software, BCIM software, BCPM software, BRDM software and BTRM software.
Main control software, O&M software and clock software are compiled together,
running on BCKM. Other software runs on their corresponding boards.
cBTS3612-800 software structure is as shown in Figure 3-1.
Lower layer
software
Application
cBTS3612-800
software
O&M software
Main control
software Clock
software BCIM
software BCPM
software
Running on BCKM
Operating system and lower
layer driver
BRDM software BTRM software
Figure 3-1 cBTS3612-800 software architecture
I. cBTS3612-800 applications
This part mainly realizes layered protocol of radio links and Abis interface protocol,
exercises real-time management over radio resources and transmission equipment as
well as performs operation & maintenance to BTS equipment. The function of each
software module will be detailed in “3.2 Module Description”.
II. cBTS3612-800 bottom layer software
This part works on a unified software platform. Bottom layer software includes
operating system and bottom layer drivers. The operating system is a well-developed
imbedded real-time multi-task operating system, which delivers highly effective and
reliable operations such as task dispatching, message management, timer
management and memory management. The bottom layer drivers provide basic
functions for the upper layer to operate the physical devices and for the calling by
applications.
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3.2 Module Description
3.2.1 Main Control Software
I. Function of main control software
The main control software is primarily used for the control of service call flow, it
communicates with BSC through Abis interface, and also with BCPM, BTRM, OMU
(operation & maintenance software) interfaces inside the BTS. BTS is closely
connected with BSC through the main control software, jointly performing radio
resources management at air interface.
II. Structure of main control software
The structure of the main control software is as shown in Figure 3-2.
Main control software
Cell configuration and
message update Channel
management Active/standby
switchover Operation &
maintenance
Resource
management
Figure 3-2 Structure of main control software
III. Software units
1) Resource management
This unit consists of four sub-modules:
l Resource status management: When BTS resource status changes, the main
control software reports to BSC the current resource status of BTS, which will
trigger BSC to perform logic configuration operation to BTS. At the same time,
BTS regularly reports its resource status to BSC so that the logic resource status
of BTS and BSC are consistent. Logic resource includes cell, carrier, forward
channel and reverse channel in the channel unit resource pool.
l Resource measurement report: Main control software submits the cell public
parameter measurement report received from BTRM to BSC. Specific parameters
of the public measurement report include RSSI, carrier transmit power, etc.
l Resource blocking function: cells, carriers or channel elements can be blocked or
unblocked.
l Resource checking function: Main control software checks the resources of BCPM
regularly, such as dedicated channels and common channels, to make sure the
resource allocated on both sides are identical.
2) Cell configuration and message update
This unit comprises three sub-modules:
l Cell configuration function: BSC makes logic configuration to the cell according to
the availability status of the logic resource reported by BTS. Specifically, carrier
attribute configuration of BTRM and cell public channel attribute configuration of
BCPM. Carrier attribute configuration attributes are: carrier band, carrier absolute
band number and carrier transmit gain. Cell public channel attribute configuration
parameters are: BASE_ID, cell ID, pilot PN sequence offset, cell gain, public
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channel number and attribute (including pilot type, pilot gain, SCH gain, QPCH
quantity, QPCH gain, QPCH rate, PCH quantity, PCH gain, PCH rate, ACH
quantity).
l General message update: after cell configuration, when the cell logic resource
changes, it is necessary to update the general message of the cell. General
message includes system parameter message, access parameter message and
synchronization channel message.
l Cell breath control: when the user load of adjacent cells is not balanced, BSC
activates the cell breath control. The main control software resets the cell attribute
parameters as required by BSC, to perform cell breath function.
3) Channel management
This unit comprises 6 sub-modules:
l Paging channel message processing: transmit the paging channel message from
BSC to corresponding BCPM according the parameters such as cell ID, absolute
band number and PCN.
l Access channel message processing: Main control software sends the access
channel message received from BCPM access channel to BSC.
l Channel allocation and release: when a dedicated channel is to be created, the
main control software will first check information such as the carrier absolute band
of the private channel, channel type, RC, rate, frame length, whether it is a branch
of the existing channel for a softer handoff, and then distribute channel resource in
the corresponding channel unit resource pool and send message instruction to
BCPM to create the channel. Similarly, when a channel is to be released, the main
control software first sends message instruction to BCPM to release the channel,
which will be returned to corresponding channel unit resource pool. When a
private channel is to be created or released, main control software needs to
distribute or release the service link of AAL2 of the corresponding Abis interface.
l Physical channel change function: in the process of communication through a
private channel, BSC can modify some parameters of this channel in the physical
layer. The parameters are: long code mask, reverse pilot door control rate, forward
power control mode and MS pilot gain. After receiving the message from BSC, the
main control software identifies the BCPM number of the private channel, and
sends message to the BCPM board, instructing the modification of physical
parameters.
l Public channel mutual-aid function: when part of channel units in a channel unit
resource pool are damaged, which makes part of or all of public channels in this
channel unit resource pool unavailable, the main control software will attempt to
move the affected public channels onto some available channels. At the same
time, BCKM will send message to BCPM, requesting it to re-create these
channels.
l Transmission delay report function: when the BTS seizes a reverse private
channel, or the air interface delay from the MS to the BTS changes over 1 code,
BCPM will report to main control software about the air interface delay of this
private channel. Then main control software forwards the channel delay to BSC.
4) Active/standby switchover
To improve the system reliability, Main control software works in active/standby mode.
The active Main control software backups call data to the standby in real time. When
the active equipment gets faulty, active/standby switching occurs. Therefore the
communication can go on on the created channel without any interruption.
5) Operation & maintenance
Include functions such as data configuration, status report, interface tracing, fault alarm,
reboot control, switching control, log sending and process reporting.
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3.2.2 O&M Software
I. Function of O&M software
Operation & maintenance software unit (OMU) is the O&M part of cBTS3612-800.
Other software modules on the BTS have their own interfaces.
OMU monitors the BTS operation. It is the intermediate section between the O&M
center (OMC) and all equipment of cBTS3612-800. OMU is connected upward with
OMC and downward with the function units of BTS. On one hand, OMU receives
instructions from OMC, converts them into control unit instructions and sends to the
function units. On the other hand, OMU receives status report and alarm report from the
function units, make proper processing and report to OMC.
II. Structure of O&M software
The structure of the operation & maintenance software is as shown in Figure 3-3.
O&M software
Status
management Data
configuration Test
management Interface tracing
Software
downing
Fault
management Log management Maintenance
console interface Other functions
Figure 3-3 Structure of O&M software
III. Introduction to software units
1) Software downloading
Software of all parts of BTS (including O&M software) can be downloaded remotely.
When the software is to be upgraded, it has not to be done on the site of BTS.
2) Status management
Monitor the running status of BTS boards, block/unblock the channels.
3) Data configuration
Set up running parameters of BTS boards, including setting BTS attributes, BTRM
attributes, BCPM attributes, and managing Abis interface circuit.
4) Test management
Perform test to BTS equipment, including functional test to the boards, to make
pre-warning the fault and locate the fault.
5) Interface tracing
Trace the air interface message, or other interface messages inside BTS, to help locate
faults.
6) Fault management
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Monitor BTS internal alarm, such as board alarms or monitor environmental alarm,
such as temperature, humidity, fire alarm etc. For serious alarms, the O&M part can
take protective measures such as shut down the equipment to avoid further damage.
7) Log management
Record equipment operations and abnormal information, to help locate faults.
8) Maintenance console interface
With the local MMI, the operator can perform operation & maintenance locally to the
BTS via the Ethernet.
9) Other functions
Other functions such as active/standby switching, debugging, etc.
3.2.3 Clock Software
I. Funciton of clock software
The primary function of the clock software is to refer to the standard 1PPS pulse signal
output by the reference clock source module and GPS time information output from its
serial port, and generate various clock signals synchronous with GPS system utilizing
the software phase-locking algorithm.
II. Structure of clock software
Structure of clock software is as shown in Figure 3-4.
Clock software
Operation &
maintenance
Service
application
Figure 3-4 Structure of clock software
III. Introduction to software units
1) Service application
This unit consists of three functional sub-modules:
l Reference clock source serial port communication processing sub-module: the
clock software supports three reference clock sources input: GPS, GLONASS and
external input. The sub-module gets GPS time information from the serial port of
the clock source (the present system uses GPS clock source), and sends to the
system via OMU.
l Software phase locked sub-module: Combine hardware counting and software
phase locked, providing GPS synchronization clock signal for the system, to
ensure that CDMA system is globally synchronous.
l Hardware phase locked control sub-module: perform initialization settings of
devices about the hardware phase locked loop.
2) Operation & maintenance
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l Public part: process messages related to OMU interface, such as public query,
board self-check and perform corresponding functions.
l Private part: Clock module working parameter configuration, status management,
alarm collection, alarm processing and reporting.
3.2.4 BCIM Software
I. Function of BCIM software
The primary function of BCIM software is to create ATM transmission link of Abis
interface between BTS and BSC, and perform transmission of signaling, service and
O&M information between the two through related protocol stack. Specifically:
l Receive OMU configuration command and configure ATM transmission link of
Abis interface.
l In a frame of 128 cells, the maximum bandwidth of one ATM transmission link is
8%1904kbit/s.
l At most 7 ATM transmission links can be created between BTS and BSC. The
bandwidth of each link is 1904kbit/s.
II. Structure of BCIM software
The structure of BCIM software is as shown in Figure 3-5.
BCIM software
Operation &
maintenance
IMA processing
Figure 3-5 Structure of BCIM software
III. Introduction to software units
1) IMA processing
IMA (Inverse multiplexing on ATM) processing is to perform the following functions: add
or delete IMA groups and IMA links dynamically. Add or delete UNI link.
2) Operation & maintenance
l Public part: process messages related to OMU interface, such as log
management, board self-check, public query, interface tracing, board software
loading and link test, perform respective functions.
l Private maintenance: management of E1/SDH interface, IMA state machine and
IMA configuration, as well as BCIM board status management, alarm collection,
alarm processing and reporting.
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3.2.5 BCPM Software
I. Software function
The primary function of BCPM software is to make operation and control to channel
processor. Specifically:
l Work with main control software to manage the service layer of BCPM.
l Public channel processing.
l Service channel processing.
II. Software structure
The structure of BCPM software is as shown in Figure 3-6.
BCPM software
Service
application Operation &
maintenance
Figure 3-6 Structure of BCPM software
III. Introduction to software units
1) Service application
This unit consists of 3 functional sub-modules:
l Control & management sub-module: the sub-module creates or release specified
channel applications according to the control command sent by main control
software. At the same, it exercises management over cell configuration and radio
link.
l Public channel sub-module: under the control of the control & management
sub-module, the sub-module is used to setup or release public channel, perform
message dispatching for forward public channel and control the corresponding
driver to sent message to the air in correct time. It also receives air reverse
message for the reverse public channel, and forwards to BSC through the main
control software.
l Private channel sub-module: under the control of the management sub-module,
the sub-module setups or releases traffic channel. For the forward dedicated
channel it receives data frame of BSC and sends from the air in correct time
according to the power set in BSC. For reverse dedicated channel, it receives
reverse air frame, adds some information and sends to BSC.
2) Operation & maintenance
l Public part: process messages related to OMU interface, such as log
management, board self-check, public query, interface tracing, board software
loading and link test, and perform respective functions.
l Private part: channel processing parameter configuration, status management,
alarm collection, alarm processing and reporting.
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3.2.6 BRDM Software
I. Function of BRDM software
BRDM software is used to relay BTRM signaling and control base band data. The main
functions are:
l Provide relay for 36 BTRM signalings (including main control signaling and
operation & maintenance signaling).
l Receive OMU configuration command, control the relay of forward & reverse base
band data.
II. Structure of BRDM software
The structure of BRDM software is as shown in Figure 3-7.
BRDM software
Signaling trunk Operation &
maintenance
Figure 3-7 Structure of BRDM software
III. Introduction to software units
1) Signaling trunk
Perform BTRM signaling trunk function, including two parts: BTRM signaling trunk task
and trunk interface matching. The primary task is to adapt signalings from OMU or
BCKM according to the format and protocol established with BTRM software and send
them to BTRM. Or adapt signalings from BTRM and send to OMU or BCKM.
2) Operation & maintenance
l Public part: process messages related to OMU interface, such as log
management, board self-checking, public query, interface tracing, board software
loading and link test and perform respective functions.
l Private part: perform functions such as base band trunk link configuration, BTRM
signaling trunk link configuration, link quality monitoring as well as board status
management, alarm collection, alarm processing and reporting.
3.2.7 BTRM Software
I. Function of BTRM software
BTRM software exercises management over BTRM. The main functions are as follows:
l Perform cell carrier configuration, carrier parameter measure and transmit gain
compensation.
l Perform operation & maintenance to BTRM module.
l Ensure the precision of the clock of BTRM module through software
phase-locking.
l Board device configuration, BFMM & environment monitor box management and
fiber-optic link delay measurement.
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II. Structure of BTRM software
The structure of BTRM software is as shown in Figure 3-8.
BTRM software
Others Operation &
maintenance
Software
phase-lock
Signaling
processing
Figure 3-8 Structure of BTRM software
III. Introduction to software units
1) Signaling processing
This unit consists of 4 functional sub-modules:
l Carrier setting: BTRM software receives carrier configuration command from main
control software, configuring the frequency and power level of the sector carrier.
l Public parameter measurement: BTRM makes a regular measurement of the
forward transmit power and RSSI (received signal strength indication), and reports
measurement result to BCKM.
l Loopback test: BTRM software receives loopback test command from the main
control software and returns the test data. The function is used for logic link test
between BTRM and BCKM.
l Transmit path gain compensation: BTRM software modifies the gain of the
transmit path according to the change of ambient temperature and the present
working frequency, to ensure the stability of transmit power at antenna & feeder
port.
2) Software phase-lock
BTRM software phase-lock unit controls the constant temperature crystal oscillator with
software phase locked algorithm so that the constant temperature crystal oscillator can
provide a clock of satisfactory frequency and precision to the system.
3) Others
This unit consists of 2 functional sub-modules:
l Optical fiber delay calculation: when the optical fiber is long enough, the delay of
fiber-optic link becomes significant. BTRM software can calculates the delay of the
fiber-optic link and reports the result to OMU so that OMU can make necessary
phase compensation.
l BFMM and environment monitor box management: BTRM software exercises
management over the BFMM and environment monitor box, including storing &
transmiting alarm information, sending control command and getting real-time
status.
4) Operation & maintenance
l Public part: process messages related to OMU interface such as log
management, board self-check, public query, interface tracing, board software
loading and link test, and perform respective functions.
l Dedicated part: control the parameter configuration of RF system, monitor running
status and RF PLL status and perform functions such as alarm collection, alarm
processing and reporting.
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5 System Configuration
This chapter first introduces cBTS3612-800 system configuration, based on which
some typical configuration examples are given. After reading this chapter, you will
have a basic understanding of cBTS3612-800 configuration principle.
5.1 Configuration Overview
BTS consists of the following parts in physical structure:
l Power distribution box
l Baseband subrack
l Fan subrack
l Power subrack
l RF subrack
l RLDU subrack
l CDU/DFU subrack
BTS is designed to accommodate 36 sector carriers in full configuration, which
supports 3 cabinets at most, one basic and two extended. The difference between a
basic cabinet and an extended cabinet is that a basic cabinet needs a baseband
subrack. The basic cabinet and extended cabinet are connected with optical fiber.
A single cabinet supports as many as 12 sector carriers. Main configuration modes
are omni cell, 3 sectors and 6 sectors.
5.1.1 Basic/Extended Cabinet Configuration
Configuration of a basic cabinet is as shown in Figure 5-1.
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0
B
C
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3
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P
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5
B
C
P
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6
B
C
P
M
7
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C
P
M
8
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R
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D
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
R
D
M
B
R
D
M
Fan box 1
Power distribution box
P
S
U
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
RLDU
C
D
U
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 219
Baseband
subrack
P
S
U
P
S
U
P
S
U
P
S
U
RLDU RLDU
C
D
U
C
D
U
C
D
U
C
D
U
C
D
U
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
Fan box 2
Fan
subrack
PSU
subrack
RF
subrack
RLDU
subrack
CDU/DFU
subrack
RF
subrack
Figure 5-1 Configuration of a basic cabinet
The baseband subrack of extended cabinet don't need configuration.
The front view of a basic cabinet is as shown in Figure 5-4.
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station 5 System C
onfiguration
03Q-0110-20020720-120 5-3
Figure 5-2 Front view of a basic cabinet
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station 5 System C
onfiguration
03Q-0110-20020720-120 5-4
5.1.2 Baseband Subrack Configuration
The baseband subrack in full configuration is as shown in Figure 5-3.
0
B
C
I
M
1
B
C
I
M
2
B
C
P
M
3
B
C
P
M
4
B
C
P
M
5
B
C
P
M
6
B
C
P
M
7
B
C
P
M
8
B
R
D
M
B
R
D
M
B
C
K
M
B
C
K
M
B
R
D
M
B
R
D
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
C
P
M
B
R
D
M
B
R
D
M
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 219
Figure 5-3 The baseband subrack in full configuration
The boards in the baseband subrack include BCIM, BCPM, BRDM, BCKM. The
quantity of boards should be configured as follows:
I. BCIM
Provide interface module with BSC. It is according capacity demand and service type.
2 PCS is needed for full configuration. 2 BCIMs configured can be used for load
sharing. Each BCIM boards can support 8 E1 links.
II. BCPM
BCPM board is the channel processing board of BTS. At most 12 BCPMs can be
configured in the baseband subrack. There are two types of BCPMs. The processing
capability of type-A is 64 reverse channels and 128 forward channels, while the
capability of type-B is 128 reverse channels and 256 forward channels
BCPMs are configured based on the channel processing capability required by the
system, with consideration of carrier quantity and board types. Typical configurations
are listed in Table 5-1.
Table 5-1 Configuration of BCPMs
BTS configuration Number of type-A BCPMs Number of type-B BCPMs
O1 1 Not recommended
O2 2 Not recommended
S111 2 1
S222 4 2
S333 6 3
S444 8 4
The above configuration is for CDMA2000 1X, and for 3-sector configuration, type-B
BCPMs are recommended. For IS95 configuration, the quantity should be reduced by
half.
In normal cases, no redundancy configuration is required. If one board fails, system
will automatically screened the faulty board. In this case, the system capacity
decreases, but the service is still normal.
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station 5 System C
onfiguration
03Q-0110-20020720-120 5-5
III. BRDM configuration
BRDM board is used to connect BTRM module of RF part. BRDM provides 6 optical
fiber ports, which can be connected with 6 TRXM modules. 6 BRDMs are needed in
full configuration with 36 sector carriers. When there are less than 6 sector carriers, 1
BRDM is enough. When there are 6~12 sector carriers, 2 BRDMs are needed.
BRDMs should be first configured in slots 12 and 13.
When there are more than 12 sector carriers, BRDMs are needed in slots 8, 9, 20, 21,
as shown in Figure 5-3. The configuration principle: adding 6 sector carriers requires
one additional BRDM.
IV. BCKM configuration
BCKM is the control & clock board, 2PCS as active/standby. Normally, one piece is
enough and 2 pieces are used for backup purpose. BCKM receives GPS signal from
outside and provides 10MHz clock connection tester externally. In addition, it provides
interfaces such as Modem, RS485.
5.1.3 Power Supply Subrack Configuration
Power supply module provides +27V power for the whole system, 5 modules in full
configuration, as shown in Figure 5-4.
P
S
U
P
S
U
P
S
U
P
S
U
P
S
U
Figure 5-4 Power Supply Subrack in full configuration
The power module can ensure at least 7200W output (4+1 backup). The number of
modules used depends on the number of carriers.
Two power supply modules (one backup) should be configured when there are no
more than 3 sector carriers. One more power supply module is needed when 3 sector
carriers are added.
Since current equalization output and centralized powering is used, power supply
modules can be inserted into any slots for both the basic cabinet and extended
cabinet.
The configuration of power supply module in a cabinet is as follows:
Configuration unit (sector carrier) Power supply module quantity unit (PCS)
Basic configuration 1
1~3 1+1
4~6 2+1
7~9 3+1
10~12 4+1
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station 5 System C
onfiguration
03Q-0110-20020720-120 5-6
5.1.4 RF Part Configuration
RF part in full configuration is shown in Figure 5-5.
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
RLDU
C
D
U
RLDU RLDU
C
D
U
C
D
U
C
D
U
C
D
U
C
D
U
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
Figure 5-5 RF part in full configuration
There are 2 RF subracks in BTS, each subrack with 6 BTRM slots and 6 BHPA slots.
Empty slots are covered with dummy panels.
There is one RLDU subrack, configured with 1~3 RLDUs according to actual
implementation.
There is one CDU/DFU subrack, configured with 1~6 CDUs or DFUs according to
needs. Each DFU supports 1 sector carrier, Each CDU supports 2 sector carriers, and
the carriers supported by each CDU should be larger than or equal to 2 carrier
intervals.
The configuration of RF devices varies with the quantity of BTS sector carriers.
5.1.5 Configuration of Antenna Parts
Two omni antennae should be used for omni cell.
For 3-sectors and 6-sectors configuration, each sector needs one bi-polarization
antenna or two uni-polarization antennae.
5.2 Typical Configurations
Typical configurations of BTS include:
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station 5 System C
onfiguration
03Q-0110-20020720-120 5-7
O(1)configuration: 1-carrier omni cell
S(1/1/1)configuration: 1 carrier%3 sectors
S(2/2/2)configuration: 2 carriers%3 sectors
S(3/3/3)configuration: 3 carriers%3 sectors
5.2.1 O(1) Configuration
O(1) configuration BTS is as follows:
l Baseband subrack requires 1 BCIM, 1 BRDM, 1~2 BCKM, 1 BCPM (when
type-A BCPM is used).
l 2 power supply module.
l 2 omni uni-polarization antennae.
The O(1) configuration RF equipment (without diversity receiving) is shown in Figure
5-6.
RLDU
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
D
F
U
Figure 5-6 O(1) configuration RF equipment
Logic connection of RF equipment is as shown in Figure 5-7.
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station 5 System C
onfiguration
03Q-0110-20020720-120 5-8
BHPA
PA_IN PA_OUT TX_IN
Main_ ANT Div._ ANT
Main_RX_OUT
Div._RX_OUT
FWDCPL_OUT
REVCPL_OUT
DFU
A_Main_RX_IN
A_Div._RX_IN
A_FWDCPL_IN
A_REVCPL_IN
B_Main_RX_IN
B_Div._RX_IN
B_FWDCPL_IN
B_REVCPL_IN
A_Rm1
A_Rm2
A_Rm3/B_Rm1
A_Rm4/B_Rm2
A_Rd1
A_Rd2
A_Rd3/B_Rd1
A_Rd4/B_Rd2
RLDU
Mode("1")
BTRM
TX_RFm
RX_RFm
RX_RFd
BRCM
BIFM TX_RFd
Figure 5-7 RF equipment logic connection, O(1) configuration
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station 5 System C
onfiguration
03Q-0110-20020720-120 5-9
5.2.2 S(1/1/1) Configuration
S(1/1/1) configuration BTS is as follows:
l The baseband subrack requires 1 BCIM, 1 BRDM, 1~2BCKM, 2 BCPM (when
type-B BCPM is used).
l 2 power supply modules.
l Each sector needs 2 uni-polarization antennae or 1 bi-polarization antenna.
S(1/1/1) configuration RF equipment (without diversity receiving) is as shown in
Figure 5-8.
RLDURLDU RLDU
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
D
F
U
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
D
F
U
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
D
F
U
Figure 5-8 S(1/1/1) configuration RF equipment
Logic connection of RF equipment of each sector is as shown in Figure 5-9.
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station 5 System C
onfiguration
03Q-0110-20020720-120 5-10
BHPA
PA_IN PA_OUT TX_IN
Main_ ANT Div._ ANT
Main_RX_OUT
Div._RX_OUT
FWDCPL_OUT
REVCPL_OUT
DFU
A_Main_RX_IN
A_Div._RX_IN
A_FWDCPL_IN
A_REVCPL_IN
B_Main_RX_IN
B_Div._RX_IN
B_FWDCPL_IN
B_REVCPL_IN
A_Rm1
A_Rm2
A_Rm3/B_Rm1
A_Rm4/B_Rm2
A_Rd1
A_Rd2
A_Rd3/B_Rd1
A_Rd4/B_Rd2
RLDU
Mode("1")
BTRM
TX_RFm
RX_RFm
RX_RFd
BRCM
BIFM TX_RFd
Figure 5-9 RF equipment logic connection, one sector of S(1/1/1) configuration
5.2.3 S(2/2/2) Configuration
S(2/2/2) configuration BTS is as follows:
l The baseband subrack requires 1 BCIM, 1 BRDM, 1~2BCKM, 2 BCPMs (when
type-B BCPM is used).
l 3 power supply modules.
l Each sector needs 2 uni-polarization antennae or 1 bi-polarization antenna.
S(2/2/2) configuration RF equipment (without diversity receiving) is shown in Figure
5-10.
RLDU
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
C
D
U
RLDU
B
H
P
A
D
F
U
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
RLDU
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
C
D
U
D
F
U
C
D
U
D
F
U
Figure 5-10 S(2/2/2) configuration RF equipment
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station 5 System C
onfiguration
03Q-0110-20020720-120 5-11
& Note:
The frequency points of CDU is fixed, its upper subrack should be at higher frequency point and the
lower subrack at lower frequency point. In actual configuration, the configuration slots should be
selected according to the frequency points of CDU.
For 160&260-combining CDU, S(2/2/2) configuration, if the working frequency is determined to be 260,
then the carrier modules (one BHPA and one BTRM) should be in the upper subrack, If the system is
determined to work at 160, then the modules should be configured in lower subrack.
Logic connection of RF equipment of each sector is as shown in Figure 5-11.
TX1_IN
TX2_IN
ANT Main_RX_OUT
FWDCPL_OUT
REVCPL_OUT
CDU
A_Main_RX_IN
A_Div._RX_IN
A_FWDCPL_IN
A_REVCPL_IN
B_Main_RX_IN
B_Div._RX_IN
B_FWDCPL_IN
B_REVCPL_IN
A_Rm1
A_Rm2
A_Rm3/B_Rm1
A_Rm4/B_Rm2
A_Rd1
A_Rd2
A_Rd3/B_Rd1
A_Rd4/B_Rd2
RLDU
Mode("0")
PA_IN PA_OUT
BHPA
BTRM
TX_RFm
RX_RFm
RX_RFd
BRCM
BIFM TX_RFd
TX
Main_ ANT Div._ ANT
Main_RX_OUT
Div._RX_OUT
FWDCPL_OUT
REVCPL_OUT
DFU
BTRM
TX_RFm
RX_RFm
RX_RFd
BRCM
BIFM TX_RFd PA_IN PA_OUT
BHPA
Figure 5-11 RF equipment logic connection, one sector of S(2/2/2) configuration
5.2.4 S(3/3/3) Configuration
S(3/3/3) configuration of BTS is as follows:
l The baseband subrack requires 1 BCIM, 2 BRDMs, 1~2BCKM, 3 BCPMs (when
type-B BCPM is used).
l 4 power supply modules.
l Each sector needs 2 uni-polarization antennae or 1 bi-polarization antenna.
S(3/3/3) configuration RF equipment (without diversity receiving) is as shown in
Figure 5-12.
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station 5 System C
onfiguration
03Q-0110-20020720-120 5-12
RLDU
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
C
D
U
RLDU
B
H
P
A
D
F
U
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
RLDU
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
T
R
M
B
T
R
M
B
T
R
M
B
H
P
A
B
H
P
A
C
D
U
D
F
U
C
D
U
D
F
U
Figure 5-12 S(3/3/3) configuration RF equipment
Logic connection of RF equipment of each sector is as shown in Figure 5-13
TX1_IN
TX2_IN
ANT Main_RX_OUT
FWDCPL_OUT
REVCPL_OUT
CDU
A_Main_RX_IN
A_Div._RX_IN
A_FWDCPL_IN
A_REVCPL_IN
B_Main_RX_IN
B_Div._RX_IN
B_FWDCPL_IN
B_REVCPL_IN
A_Rm1
A_Rm2
A_Rm3/B_Rm1
A_Rm4/B_Rm2
A_Rd1
A_Rd2
A_Rd3/B_Rd1
A_Rd4/B_Rd2
RLDU
Mode("0")
PA_IN PA_OUT
BHPA
PA_IN PA_OUT
BHPA
BTRM
TX_RFm
RX_RFm
RX_RFd
BRCM
BIFM TX_RFd
BTRM
TX_RFm
RX_RFm
RX_RFd
BRCM
BIFM TX_RFd
TX
Main_ ANT Div._ ANT
Main_RX_OUT
Div._RX_OUT
FWDCPL_OUT
REVCPL_OUT
DFU
BTRM
TX_RFm
RX_RFm
RX_RFd
BRCM
BIFM TX_RFd PA_IN PA_OUT
BHPA
Figure 5-13 RF equipment logic connection, one sector of S(3/3/3) configuration
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix A
Receiving Performance
03Q-0110-20020720-120 A-1
Appendix A Technical Performance of Receiver
and Transmitter
The technical specifications of BTS receivers and transmitters comply with or surpass
all the performance requirements defined in the IS-97-D Recommended Minimum
Performance Specification for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Base Station.
A.1 Performance of Receiver
A.1.1 Frequency Coverage
BTS receiver runs between the following frequency band: 869~894MHz
A.1.2 Access Probe Acquisition
The access probe failure rates under the reliability of 90% is below the maximum value
as shown in Table A-1:
Table A-1 Access probe failure rates
Eb/N0 Per RF input point(dB) Maximum failure rate
5.5 50%
6.5 10%
A.1.3 Reverse Traffic Channel (R-TCH) Demodulation Performance
I. Performance of R-TCH in Additive White Gaussian Noise
The Demodulation performance of the Reverse Traffic Channel in an AWGN (no fading
or multipath) environment is determined by the frame error rate (FER) at specified
values of Eb/N0.. FER of 4 possible data rates should be calculated respectively. With
95% confidence, the FER for each data rate does not surpass the two given FER in
Table A-2 and Table A-9, which adopt the linear interpolation in the form of
Log10(FER)in which Eb/N0 measurement value is decided by whichever is bigger of the
Eb/N0 values in two RF input ports.
Table A-2 Maximum FER of F-FCH or R-DCCH Receiver in Demodulation Performance Test under RC1
FER limits (%)
Data rate (bit/s) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0
9600 3.0 @ 4.1dB 0.2 @ 4.7dB
4800 8.0 @ 4.1dB 1.0 @ 4.7dB
2400 23.0 @ 4.1dB 5.0 @ 4.7dB
1200 22.0 @ 4.1dB 6.0 @ 4.7dB
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix A
Receiving Performance
03Q-0110-20020720-120 A-2
Table A-3 Maximum FER of F-FCH or R-DCCH Receiver in Demodulation Performance Test under RC2
FER limits (%)
Data rate (bit/s) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0
14400 5.0 @ 3.2dB 0.2 @ 3.8dB
7200 6.3 @ 3.2dB 0.7 @ 3.2dB
3600 5.8 @ 3.2dB 1.0 @ 3.2dB
1800 3.5 @ 3.2dB 1.0 @ 3.2dB
Table A-4 Maximum FER of F-FCH or R-DCCH Receiver in Demodulation Performance Test under RC3
FER limit (%)
Data rate (bit/s) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0
9600 2.3% @ 2.4 dB 0.3% @ 3.0 dB
4800 2.3% @ 3.8 dB 0.4% @ 4.4 dB
2700 2.5% @ 5.0 dB 0.5% @ 5.6 dB
1500 1.7% @ 7.0 dB 0.4% @ 7.6 dB
Table A-5 Maximum FER of R-SCH Receiver in Demodulation Performance Test under RC3
FER limit (%)
Data rate (bit/s) Lower limit Eb/N0 Lower limit Eb/N0
19200 9% @ 1.7 dB 1.7% @ 2.3 dB
38400 13% @ 1.4 dB 2.1% @ 2.0 dB
76800 14% @ 1.3 dB 2.4% @ 1.9 dB
153600 14% @ 1.3 dB 2.4% @ 1.9 dB
307200 14% @ 1.8 dB 2.0% @ 2.4 dB
Table A-6 Maximum FER of R-SCH (Turbo Code) Receiver in Demodulation Performance Test under
RC3
FER limit (%)
Data rate (bit/s) Lower limit Eb/N0 Lower limit Eb/N0
19200 20% @ 0.6 dB 0.9% @ 1.2 dB
38400 24% @ -0.1 dB 0.3% @ 0.5 dB
76800 30% @ -0.5 dB 0.2% @ 0.1 dB
153600 60% @ -0.9 dB 0.1% @ -0.3 dB
307200 90% @ -0.3 dB 0.1% @ 0.3 dB
Table A-7 Maximum FER of F-FCH or R-DCCH Receiver in Demodulation Performance Test under RC4
FER limit (%)
Data rate (bit/s) Lower limit Eb/N0 Lower limit Eb/N0
14400 2.4% @ 0.8 dB 0.3% @ 1.4 dB
7200 2.4% @ 3.1 dB 0.4% @ 3.7 dB
3600 1.7% @ 4.6 dB 0.3% @ 5.2 dB
1800 1.6% @ 6.6 dB 0.5% @ 7.2 dB
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix A
Receiving Performance
03Q-0110-20020720-120 A-3
Table A-8 Maximum FER of R-SCH Receiver of Demodulation Performance Test under RC4
FER limit (%)
Data rate (bit/s) Lower limit Eb/N0 Lower limit Eb/N0
28800 10% @ 1.7 dB 1.9% @ 2.3 dB
57600 12% @ 1.6 dB 1.7% @ 2.2 dB
115200 14% @ 1.6 dB 2.0% @ 2.2 dB
230400 12% @ 1.7 dB 1.7% @ 2.3 dB
Table A-9 Maximum FER of R-SCH (Turbo Code) Receiver of Demodulation Performance Test under
RC4
FER limit (%)
Data rate (bit/s) Lower limit Eb/N0 Lower limit Eb/N0
28800 27% @ 0.7 dB 0.5% @ 1.3 dB
57600 28% @ 0.2 dB 0.2% @ 0.8 dB
115200 60% @ -0.2 dB 0.1% @ 0.4 dB
230400 33% @ -0.5 dB 0.1% @ 0.1 dB
II. Performance in Multipath Fading without Closed Loop Power Control
The performance of the demodulation of the Reverse Traffic Channel in a multipath
fading environment is determined by the frame error rate (FER) at specified values of
Eb/N0. FER of 4 possible data rates should be calculated respectively. With 95%
confidence, the FER for each data rate shall not exceed that given by linear
interpolation on a log10 scale between the two values given in Table A-13 and Table
A-14. And the test value of Eb/N0 assumes the average value of Eb/N0 in two RF input
ports. And during the test, the reverse service channel Eb/N0 of each RF input port
adopted is within the limits specified in Table A-12.
The configurations of standard channel simulator are given in Table A-10; and the
channel model of the R-TCH receiving performance test in multipath environment is as
shown in Table A-11.
Table A-10 Standard Channel Simulator Configuration
Standard
channel
Simulator
configuration
Speed Number
of Paths
Path 2 power
(corresponds
to path 1)
Path 3 power
(corresponds
to path 1)
Deferring
path 1
input
Deferring
path 2
input
Deferring
path 3
input
B 8km/h 2 0dB N/A 0µs 2 .0µs N/A
C 25km/h 1 N/A N/A 0µs N/A N/A
D 100km/h 3 0dB -3dB 0µs 2 .0µs 14.5 µs
Table A-11 Channel Model for the R-TCH Receiving Performance Test
Case Channel Simulator configurations
B 2 (8 km/h, 2 paths)
C 3 (30 km/h, 1 path)
D 4 (100 km/h, 3 path)
D2 4 (100 km/h, 3 path)
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix A
Receiving Performance
03Q-0110-20020720-120 A-4
Table A-12 Eb/N0 Limits of R-TCH Without Closed Loop Power Control
Eb/N0 Limits (dB)
Rate aggregation Condition Lower limit Upper limit
B 11.1 11.7
C 11.2 11.8
D 8.8 9.4
RC1
D2 9.2 9.8
B 10.7 11.3
D 8.5 9.1
RC2 D2 8.9 9.5
Table A-13 Maximum FER of Demodulation Performance Test of R-FCH or R-DCCH Receiver under RC1
FER limits (%)
Case Data rate (bit/s) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0
9600 1.3 0.8
4800 1.4 0.9
2400 1.6 1.2
B
1200 1.3 0.9
9600 1.2 0.7
4800 1.4 0.9
2400 2.5 1.7
C
1200 2.0 1.4
9600 1.6 0.6
4800 2.6 1.2
2400 6.4 3.4
D
1200 5.6 3.5
9600 0.9 0.3
4800 1.6 0.7
2400 4.2 2.3
D2
1200 4.1 2.6
Table A-14 Maximum FER of Demodulation Performance Test of R-FCH or R-DCCH Receiver under RC2
FER limits (%)
Case Data rate (bit/s) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0
14400 1.3 0.8
7200 1.0 0.5
3600 0.7 0.4
B
1800 0.6 0.5
14400 1.7 0.6
7200 1.6 0.6
3600 1.5 0.9
D
1800 2.2 1.2
14400 0.9 0.3
7200 0.9 0.4
3600 1.1 0.6
D2
1800 1.5 0.9
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Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix A
Receiving Performance
03Q-0110-20020720-120 A-5
III. Performance in Multipath Fading with Closed Loop Power Control
The performance of the demodulation of the Reverse Traffic Channel in a multipath
fading environment is determined by the frame error rate (FER) at specified values of
Eb/N0.FER of 4 possible data rates needs to be calculated respectively. With 95%
confidence, the FER for each data rate shall not exceed that given by linear
interpolation on a log10 scale between the two values given in Table A-16 and Table
A-23. And the test value of Eb/N0 assumes the average value of Eb/N0 tested from the
two RF input ports.
Table A-15 Channel Model for the R-TCH Receiving Performance Test
Condition Number of Channel Simulator configurations
A 1 (3 km/h, 1 path)
B 2 (8 km/h, 2 paths)
C 3 (30 km/h, 1 path)
D 4 (100 km/h, 3 path)
Table A-16 Maximum FER of Demodulation Performance Test of R-FCH Receiver under RC1
FER limits (%)
Condition Data rate (bit/s) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0
9600 2.8% @ 5.9 dB 0.3 @ 6.5 dB
4800 7.6 @ 5.9 dB 2.2 @ 6.5 dB
2400 23.0 @ 5.9 dB 12.0 @ 6.5 dB
B
1200 22.0 @ 5.9 dB 14.0 @ 6.5 dB
9600 1.5 @ 7.1 dB 0.7 @ 7.7 dB
4800 8.0 @ 7.1 dB 4.8 @ 7.7 dB
2400 18.0 @ 7.1 dB 13.0 @ 7.7 dB
C
1200 16.0 @ 7.1 dB 12.0 @ 7.7 dB
Table A-17 Maximum FER of Demodulation Performance Test of R-FCH Receiver under RC2
FER limits (%)
Case Data rate (bit/s) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0
14400 2.8 @ 5.2 dB 0.4 @ 5.8 dB
7200 4.7 @ 5.2 dB 1.3 @ 5.8 dB
3600 8.7 @ 5.2 dB 4.6 @ 5.8 dB
B
1800 15.0 @ 5.2 dB 9.8 @ 5.8 dB
14400 1.3 @ 7.7 dB 0.7 @ 8.3 dB
7200 3.2 @ 7.7 dB 1.8 @ 8.3 dB
3600 4.7 @ 7.7 dB 3.5 @ 8.3 dB
C
1800 5.2 @ 7.7 dB 3.9 @ 8.3 dB
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Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix A
Receiving Performance
03Q-0110-20020720-120 A-6
Table A-18 Maximum FER of Demodulation Performance Test of R-FCH or R-DCCH Receiver under RC3
FER limits (%)
Case Data rate (bit/s) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0
9600 (20 ms) 2.4% @ 3.4 dB 0.5% @ 4.0 dB
4800 2.0% @ 4.4 dB 0.5% @ 5.0 dB
2700 1.8% @ 5.6 dB 0.5% @ 6.2 dB
A
1500 1.8% @ 7.2 dB 0.6% @ 7.8 dB
9600 (20 ms) 2.0% @ 3.9 dB 0.5% @ 4.5 dB
4800 2.0% @ 4.9 dB 0.5% @ 5.5 dB
2700 1.8% @ 6.1 dB 0.5% @ 6.7 dB
B
1500 1.7% @ 7.8 dB 0.5% @ 8.4 dB
9600 (20 ms) 1.5% @ 5.2 dB 0.6% @ 5.8 dB
4800 1.5% @ 6.1 dB 0.6% @ 6.7 dB
2700 1.4% @ 7.2 dB 0.6% @ 7.8 dB
C
1500 1.4% @ 8.8 dB 0.6% @ 9.4 dB
9600 (20 ms) 2.0% @ 4.7 dB 0.5% @ 5.3 dB
4800 2.0% @ 5.7 dB 0.5% @ 6.3 dB
2700 1.8% @ 6.9 dB 0.5% @ 7.5 dB
D
1500 1.7% @ 8.5 dB 0.5% @ 9.1 dB
Table A-19 Maximum FER of Demodulation Performance Test of R-SCH (Turbo Code) Receiver under
RC3
FER limits (%)
Case Data rate (bit/s) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0
307200 10% @ 2.6 dB 2.0% @ 3.2 dB
153600 10% @ 2.6 dB 2.0% @ 3.2 dB
76800 10% @ 2.1 dB 2.4% @ 2.7 dB
38400 9.0% @ 2.4 dB 2.4% @ 3.0 dB
B
19200 9.0% @ 2.8 dB 2.5% @ 3.4 dB
Table A-20 Maximum FER of Demodulation Performance Test of R-SCH (Turbo Code) Receiver under
RC3
FER limits (%)
Case Data rate (bit/s) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0
307200 15% @ 0.8 dB 1.8% @ 1.4 dB
153600 12% @ 0.2 dB 2.0% @ 0.8 dB
76800 10% @ 0.7 dB 2.0% @ 1.3 dB
38400 10% @ 1.3 dB 2.0% @ 1.9 dB
B
19200 10% @ 2.1 dB 2.5% @ 2.7 dB
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Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix A
Receiving Performance
03Q-0110-20020720-120 A-7
Table A-21 Maximum FER of Demodulation Performance Test of R-FCH or R-DCCH Receiver under RC4
FER limits (%)
Case Data rate (bit/s) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0
14400 2.2% @ 3.2 dB 0.4% @ 3.8 dB
7200 1.9% @ 3.9 dB 0.4% @ 4.5 dB
3600 1.9% @ 5.1 dB 0.5% @ 5.7 dB
A
1800 1.8% @ 7.0 dB 0.5% @ 7.6 dB
14400 2.0% @ 3.8 dB 0.4% @ 4.4 dB
7200 2.0% @ 4.3 dB 0.5% @ 4.9 dB
3600 1.8% @ 5.6 dB 0.5% @ 6.2 dB
B
1800 1.8% @ 7.5 dB 0.5% @ 8.1 dB
14400 1.6% @ 5.1 dB 0.6% @ 5.7 dB
7200 1.7% @ 5.6 dB 0.7% @ 6.2 dB
3600 1.5% @ 6.7 dB 0.6% @ 7.3 dB
C
1800 1.6% @ 8.4 dB 0.7% @ 9 dB
14400 2.0% @ 4.6 dB 0.5% @ 5.2 dB
7200 2.0% @ 5.1 dB 0.5% @ 5.7 dB
3600 1.9% @ 6.3 dB 0.5% @ 6.9 dB
D
1800 1.8% @ 8.1 dB 0.6% @ 8.7 dB
Table A-22 Maximum FER of Demodulation Performance Test of R-SCH(Turbo Code) Receiver under
RC4
FER limits (%)
Case Data rate (bit/s) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0
230400 10% @ 2.4 dB 1.4% @ 3.0 dB
115200 9.0% @ 2.5 dB 2.3% @ 3.1 dB
57600 9.0% @ 2.6 dB 2.2% @ 3.2 dB
B
28800 7.5% @ 2.8 dB 2.5% @ 3.4 dB
Table A-23 Maximum FER of Demodulation Performance Test of R-SCH (Turbo Code) Receiver under
RC4
FER limits (%)
Case Data rate
(bit/s) Lower limit Eb/N0 Lower limit Eb/N0
230400 10% @ 1.1 dB 2.0% @ 1.7 dB
115200 10% @ 1.0 dB 1.5% @ 1.7 dB
57600 11% @ 1.5 dB 1.8% @ 2.1 dB
B
28800 10% @ 2.1 dB 2.0% @ 2.7 dB
A.1.4 Receiving Performance
I. Sensitivity
The R-TCH FER shall be <1.0% with 95% confidence when -126dBm/1.23MHz CDMA
RC3 signal level is input at BTS RF main and diversity input ports.
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix A
Receiving Performance
03Q-0110-20020720-120 A-8
II. Receiver Dynamic Range
The R-TCH FER shall be 1.0% or less with 95% confidence when
-126dBm/1.23MHz~-65dBm/1.23MHz CDMA signal level is input at BTS RF main and
diversity input ports.
III. Single-tone Desensitization
Input the single-tone interference deviated from the center frequency at the BTS RF
input port: when the single-tone interference deviates from the center frequency about
!750kHz, the input single-tone interference power is 50dB higher than the output power
of the mobile station simulator; when the single-tone interference deviates from the
center frequency about !900kHz, the input single-tone interference power is 87dB
higher than the output power of the mobile station simulator. When R-TCH FER
maintains <1.5%, the output power of mobile station simulator changes less than 3dB
whether there is single-tone interference or not.
IV. Intermodulation Spurious Attenuation
Input two single-tone interference of center frequency at the BTS RF input port: when
single-tone interference deviates from the center frequency about !900kHz, the input
single-tone interference power is 72dB higher than the output power of the mobile
station simulator. When the single-tone interference deviates from the center frequency
!1700kHz, the input single-tone interference power is 72dB higher than the output
power of the mobile station simulator. When R-TCH FER keeps <1.5%, the output
power of the mobile station simulator changes less than 3dB whether there are two
single-tone interference or no interference.
V. Adjacent Channel Selectivity
The output power of the mobile station simulator shall increase by no more than 3 dB
and the FER shall be less than 1.5% with 95% confidence (see 6.8).
A.1.5 Limitations on Emissions
I. Conducted Spurious Emissions
l At BTS RF input port, the conducted spurious transmission within the BTS
receiving frequency range is <-80dBm/30kHz.
l At BTS RF input port, the conducted spurious transmission within the transmitting
frequency range is <-60dBm/30kHz.
l At BTS RF input port, the conducted spurious transmission within other frequency
range of 0~6GHz is <-47dBm/30kHz.
II. Radiated Spurious Emissions
In compliant with local radio specifications.
A.1.6 Received Signal Quality Indicator (RSQI)
RSQI is defined as the signal to noise ratio Eb/N0, where Eb is the energy per bit
including the pilot and power control overhead and N0 is the total received
noise-puls-interference power in the CDMA bandwidth including the interference from
other subscribers. The RSQI report values are list in Table A-24.
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix A
Receiving Performance
03Q-0110-20020720-120 A-9
Table A-24 RSQI range
Eb/N0 (dB) per input port Minimum Acceptable Report Value Maximum Acceptable Report Value
4 10 18
5 12 20
6 14 22
7 16 24
8 18 26
9 20 28
10 22 30
11 24 32
12 26 34
13 28 36
14 30 38
A.2 Performance of Transmitter
A.2.1 Frequency Requirements
I. Frequency Coverage
BTS transmitter runs between the following frequency band: 869~894MHz.
II. Frequency Tolerance
Within the working temperature range, the average difference between the actual
carrier frequency of CDMA transmit sector and the carrier frequency of the dedicated
transmit sector is less than !5%10-8(!0.05ppm)of the designated frequency.
A.2.2 Modulation Requirements
I. Synchronization & timing
Time tolerance for pilot frequency: The pilot time alignment error should be less than 3
µs and shall be less than 10 µs.. For base stations supporting multiple simultaneous
CDMA Channels, the pilot time tolerance of all CDMA Channels radiated by a base
station shall be within ±1 µs of each other.
Time tolerance of pilot channel and other code-division channels: in the same CDMA
channel, time error between the pilot channel and other forwarding code-division
channels is <!50ns.
The phase differences between the Pilot Channel and all other code channels sharing
the same Forward CDMA Channel should not exceed 0.05 radians and shall not
exceed 0.15 radians.
II. Waveform quality
The normalized cross correlation coefficient, ρ, shall be greater than 0.912 (excess
power < 0.4 dB)..
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Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix A
Receiving Performance
03Q-0110-20020720-120 A-10
A.2.3 RF Output Power Requirement
I. Total power
Total power is the mean power delivered to a load with resistance equal to the nominal
load impedance of the transmitter.. The total power of this system is +43dBm (20W),
the deviation in all kinds of environmental conditions shall not exceed +2dB and -4dB.
II. Pilot power
The Pilot Channel power to total power ratio shall be within ±0.5 dB of the configured
value.
III. Code domain power
For RC1and RC2, the code domain power in each inactive Wn64 channel shall be 27 dB
or more below the total output power.
For RC3 and RC4,the code domain power in each inactive Wn128 channel shall be 30
dB or more below the total output power. .
For RC1 and RC2, the code domain power in each inactive Wn256 channel shall be 33
dB or more below the total output power of each carrier.
A.2.4 Limitations on Emissions
I. Conducted Spurious Emissions
The requirements on Conducted Spurious Emissions vary with frequency bands, as
shown in Table A-25. Local radio requirements should also be observed.
Table A-25 Conducted Spurious Emissions Performance (800MHz)
Offset from carrier central frequency Spurious requirement
750 kHz~1.98 MHz -45 dBc / 30 kHz
1.98 MHz~4.00 MHz -60 dBc / 30 kHz; Pout ≥ 33 dBm
-27 dBm / 30 kHz; 28 dBm ≤ Pout < 33 dBm
-55 dBc / 30 kHz; Pout < 28 dBm
> 4.00 MHz
(ITU Class A Requirement)
-13 dBm / 1 kHz;
-13 dBm / 10 kHz;
-13 dBm/100 kHz;
-13 dBm / 1 MHz;
9 kHz < f < 150 kHz
150 kHz < f < 30 MHz
30 MHz < f < 1 GHz
1 GHz < f < 5 GHz
> 4.00 MHz
(ITU Class B Requirement)
-36 dBm / 1 kHz;
-36 dBm / 10 kHz;
-36 dBm/100 kHz;
-30 dBm / 1 MHz;
9 kHz < f < 150 kHz
150 kHz < f < 30 MHz
30 MHz < f < 1 GHz
1 GHz < f < 12.5 GHz
II. Radiated Spurious Emissions
In compliant with local radio specifications.
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix B EMC Performance
03Q-0110-20020720-120 B-1
Appendix B EMC Performance
ETSI EN 300 386 Electromagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM);
Telecommunication network Equipment. ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Requirements are the EMC standards of telecommunication equipment, which are
globally applicable. EMC Performance of BTS comply with ETSI EN 300 386 V1.2.1
(2000-03). They are described in two aspects: EMI (EelectroMagnetic Interference)
and EMS (ElectroMagnetic Sensitivity).
B.1 EMI Performance
1) Conductive emission (CE) at DC input/output port
CE performance are listed in Table B-1.
Table B-1 CE index at -48V port
Threshold (dBµV)
Frequency range Average Quasi-peak
0.15 ~ 0.5MHz
0.5 ~ 5MHz
5 ~ 30MHz
56~46
46
50
66~56
56
60
2) Radiated emission (RE)
RE performance are listed in Table B-2.
Table B-2 RE Performance requirement
Band (MHz) Threshold of quasi-peak (dBµV/m)
30 ~ 1000 61.5
1000 ~ 12700 67.5
& Note:
Test place is arranged according to ITU-R 329-7 [1].
B.2 EMS Performance
1) R-F anti-electromagnetic interference (80 MHz~1000MHz)
Values of RF anti-EMI test are listed in Table B-3.
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix B EMC Performance
03Q-0110-20020720-120 B-2
Table B-3 Values of RF anti-EMI test
Test port Test level Performance class
Whole cabinet 3V/m A
& Note:
Test method is the same as IEC1000-4-3 [9].
2) Voltage drop anti-interference
Among all test items of EMS, the requirement for resisting continuous interference test
is class A and the requirement for resisting transient interference test is class B.
Requirement for power drop and level interruption is shown in Table B-4.
Table B-4 Requirement for power drop and level interruption
Test port Test level Performance class
Drop 30%
Last for 10ms A
Drop 60%
Last for 100ms
When there is backup power, A
When there is no backup power, the communication link
need not be maintained. It can be re-created and the user
data can be lost.
AC port
Drop over95%
Last for 5000ms
When there is backup power, A
When there is no backup power, the communication link
need not be maintained. It can be re-created and the user
data can be lost.
& Note:
Test method is the same as IEC61000-4-11 [13].
3) Electrostatic discharge (ESD)
Requirement for ESD test level is shown in Table B-5.
Table B-5 Requirement for ESD test level
Discharge mode Test level Performance class
Contact 2kV, 4kV B
Air 2kV, 4kV, 8kV B
& Note:
1. Test method is the same as IEC 61000-4-2 [5].
2. ESD should be performed to all exposed surface of equipment to be tested except those to be protected
as required by the user's document.
4) RF conductive anti-interference
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix B EMC Performance
03Q-0110-20020720-120 B-3
In CDMA equipment, the port where a cable of more than 1 meter may be connected to,
including control port, DC input/output port and the input/output port of the connection
line when cabinets are combined, should satisfy the requirement for RF conductive
anti-interference. Voltage level is shown in Table B-6.
Table B-6 Voltage level
Test port Voltage level Performance class
DC line port
AC line port
Signal line port and control line port 3V A
& Note:
Test method is the same as IEC61000-4-6 [9].
5) Surge
For CDMA equipment, the DC power input port, indoor signal line of more than 3 m,
control line (such as E1 trunk line, serial port line) and the cable that may be led out to
the outdoor should all satisfy the requirement for surge interference level. The test level
is shown in Table B-7.
Table B-7 Test level
Test port Test level Performance class
AC port Line~line, 2kV
Line~ground, 4kV B
Control line, signal line Line~line, 0.5kV
Line~ground, 1kV B
Control line, signal line (outdoors) Line~line, 1kV
Line~ground, 2kV B
& Note:
The test method is the same as IEC61000-4-5 [11].
6) Common-mode fast transient pulse
The signal & data line between CDMA cabinets and that connected with other systems
(such as E1 trunk line), control line and cable connected to DC input/output port, should
be the requirement for fast transient pulse anti-interference level. The threshold value
is shown in Table B-8.
Table B-8 Threshold value
Test port Test level Performance class
Signal control line port 0.5kV B
DC line input/output port 1kV B
AC line input port 2kV B
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix B EMC Performance
03Q-0110-20020720-120 B-4
& Note:
Performance class A: it means that BTS can withstand the test without any damage and it can run normally
in the specified range. There is not any change in the software or data (all data in the storage or the data
being processed) related to the tested switching equipment. Equipment performance is not lowered.
Performance class B: it means that BTS can withstand the test without any damage. There is no change in
the software or the data in storage. Communication performance is lowered a little, but in the tolerance (as
defined for different products). The existing communication link is not interrupted. After the test, the
equipment can recover to the normal status before the test automatically without any interference of the
operator.
Performance class C: some functions of BTS are lost temporarily during the test, but they will recover to
normal performance in a specific period after the test (normally the shortest time needed for system
reboot). There is no physical damage or system software deterioration.
Performance class R: after the test, there is no physical damage or fault (including software corruption)
with BTS. Protection equipment damage caused by external interference signal is acceptable. When the
protection equipment is replaced and the running parameters are re-configured, the equipment can
operate normally.
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix C Environment Performance
03Q-0110-20020720-120 C-1
Appendix C Environment Performance
In compliance with ETSI, environmental conditions of products include requirements in
three aspects: operation environment, transportation environment and storage
environment.
C.1 Ambient Temperature and Humidity
1) Operation environment
In compliance with the environmental level specified in IEC60721-3-3
3K3/3Z2/3Z4/3B1/3C2/3S3/3M1 and ETS 300 019-2-3 T3.1. The normal running
temperature should be in the range of -5?~+50?, and that of humidity in the range of
5%~90% .
2) Storage environment
In compliance with IEC60721-3-1 1K4/1Z2/1Z3/1B2/1C2/1S3/M2 and IEC 300 019-2-1
T1.2 "Weather Protection, No Temperature Control" level. Normal storage temperature
should be in the range of -25?~+55?, and that of humidity in the range of
10%~100%.
3) Transportation environment
In compliance with IEC60721-3-2 2K4/2B2/2C2/2S2/2M2 and IEC 300 019-2-2 T2.3
"Public Transportation" level. Normal transportation temperature should be in the range
of -40?~+70?, and that of humidity in the range of 5%~100%.
C.2 Cleanness
1) Operation environment
In compliance with IEC60721-3-3 3K3/3Z2/3Z4/3B1/3C2/3S3/3M1 and ETS 300
019-2-3 T3.1 environment level:
Precipitable particle 15 m2h
Floating particle 0.4 mg/m3
Gravel 300 mg/m3
2) Storage environment
In compliance with IEC60721-3-1 1K4/1Z2/1Z3/1B2/1C2/1S3/M2 and IEC 300 019-2-1
T1.2 "Weather protection, no temperature level" level:
Precipitable particle 20 m2h
Floating particle 5 mg/m3
Gravel 300 mg/m3
3) Transportation environment
In compliance with IEC60721-3-2 2K4/2B2/2C2/2S2/2M2 ?IEC 300 019-2-2 T2.3
"Public Transportation" level.
Precipitable particle 3 m2h
Floating particle No requirement mg/m3
Gravel 100 mg/m3
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03Q-0110-20020720-120 C-2
C.3 Illumination
1) Operation environment
In compliance with IEC60721-3-3 3K3/3Z2/3Z4/3B1/3C2/3S3/3M1 and ETS 300
019-2-3 T3.1 environment level. In normal operation, solar radiation should not exceed
700W/m2, thermal radiation should not exceed 600W/m2, and illumination should
satisfy the requirement for working visibility and comfort.
2) Storage environment
In compliance with IEC60721-3-1 1K4/1Z2/1Z3/1B2/1C2/1S3/M2 and IEC 300 019-2-1
T1.2 "Weather Protection, No Temperature Control" level. In normal storage place, the
solar radiation should not exceed 1120W/m2, thermal radiation should not exceed
600W/m2, and illumination should satisfy the requirement for working visibility and
comfort.
3) Transportation environment
In compliance with IEC60721-3-2 2K4/2B2/2C2/2S2/2M2 and IEC 300 019-2-2 T2.3
"Public Transportation" level. In normal transportation conditions, the solar radiation
should not exceed 1120W/m2, thermal radiation should not exceed 600W/m2, and
illumination should satisfy the requirement for working visibility and comfort.
C.4 Atmospheric Condition
1) Operation environment
In compliance with IEC60721-3-3 3K3/3Z2/3Z4/3B1/3C2/3S3/3M1 and ETS 300
019-2-3 T3.1 environment level:
Atmospheric pressure 70~106 kPa
Wind speed 5 m/s
SO2 0.3~1.0 mg/m3
H2S 0.1 ~0.5 mg/m3
Cl2 0.1 ~0.3 mg/m3
HCl 0.1 ~0.5 mg/m3
NOx 0.5 ~1.0 mg/m3
NH3 1.0 ~3.0 mg/m3
HF 0.01 ~0.03 mg/m3
O3 0.05 ~0.1 mg/m3
2) Storage environment
In compliance with IEC60721-3-1 1K4/1Z2/1Z3/1B2/1C2/1S3/M2 and IEC 300 019-2-1
T1.2 "Weather Protection, No Temperature Control" level:
Atmospheric press 70~106 KPa
Wind speed 30 m/s
SO2 0.3~1.0 mg/m3
H2S 0.1 ~0.5 mg/m3
Cl2 0.1 ~0.3 mg/m3
HCl 0.1 ~0.5 mg/m3
NOx 0.5 ~1.0 mg/m3
NH3 0.5 ~3.0 mg/m3
HF 0.01 ~0.03 mg/m3
O3 0.05 ~0.1 mg/m3
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03Q-0110-20020720-120 C-3
3) Transportation environment
In compliance with IEC60721-3-2 2K4/2B2/2C2/2S2/2M2 and IEC 300 019-2-2 T2.3
"Public Transportation" level.
Atmospheric pressure 70~106 kPa
Wind speed 20 m/s
SO2 1 mg/m3
H2S 0.5 mg/m3
Cl2 No requirement mg/m3
HCl 0.5 mg/m3
NOx 1 mg/m3
NH3 3 mg/m3
HF 0.03 mg/m3
O3 0.1 mg/m3
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix D
Electromagnetic Radiation
03Q-0110-20020720-120 D-1
Appendix D Electromagnetic Radiation
D.1 Introduction
Base Transceiver Station (BTS) emit RF radiation (Radiation Hazard). Although there is
no scientific evidence of possible health risks to persons living near to base stations
some recommendations are giving below for the installation and operation of base
station transceivers. Operators of base station transceivers are required to obey the
local regulation for erecting base station transceivers.
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC), are imposing MPE ( maximum
permissible exposure) limits. FCC CFR part 1, subpart I, section 1.1307 requires
operator to perform a Enviromenta Assemessmet (EA). Equipment listed in the table 1
of before mentioned part are subjected to routine environmental evaulation. For
facilities and operations licensed under part 22, licensees and manufactuere are
required tto ensure that their facility and equipment comply with IEEE C95.1-1991.
The objective of the Environmental Evaluation is to ensure that human exposure to RF
energy does not go beyond the maximum permissible levels stated in the standard.
Therefore certain sites do not require an evaluation by nature of its design. It could be
that the antennas are placed high enough thereby resulting in extremely low RF fields
by the time it reaches areas that would be accessible to people. Environmental
evaluations are required, for Paging and Cellular Radiotelephone Services, Part 22
Subpart E and H;
l Non-rooftop antennas: height of radiation center < 10m above ground level and
total power of all channels > 1000 W ERP (1640 W EIRP)
l Rooftop antennas: total power of all channels > 1000 W ERP (1640 W EIRP)
D.2 Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE)
Maximum permissible exposure (MPE) refers to the RF energy that is acceptable for
human exposure, given the scientific research to date. It is broken down into two
categories, Controlled and Uncontrolled. Controlled limits are used for persons such as
installers and designers, that are in control of the hazard and exposed to energy for
limited amounts of time per day. Occupational/controlled limits apply in situations in
which are persons are exposed as a consequence of their employment provided those
persons are fully aware of the potential for exposure and can exercise control over their
exposure. Limits for occupational/controlled exposure also apply in situations when an
individual is transient through a location where ccupational/controlled limits apply
provided he or she is made aware of the potential for exposure.
Uncontrolled limits are used for general public. General population/uncontrolled
exposure apply in situations is which the general public may be exposed, or in which
persons that are exposed as a consequence of their employment may not be fully
aware of the potential for exposure or can not exercise control over their exposure. The
exposure levels can be expressed in terms of power density, electric field strength, or
magnetic field strength, as averaged over 30 minutes for the general public and 6
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Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix D
Electromagnetic Radiation
03Q-0110-20020720-120 D-2
minutes for trained personnel. The exposure criteria is frequency dependent, and a
chart covering the range from 3 kHz to 100 GHz can be found in NCRP No.86
(references IEEE C95.1-1991). Below are the limits.
Limits for Occupational/Controlled Exposure
Frequency Range
(MHz)
Electric Field
Strength (E)
(V/m)
Magnetic Field
Strength (H)
(A/m)
Power Density
(S) (mW/cm2)
0.3-3.0
3.0-30
30-300
300-1500
1500-100,000
614
1842/f
61.4
--
--
.63
4.89/f
0.163
--
--
(100)*
(900/f2)*
1.0
f/300
5
Limits for General Population/Uncontrolled Exposure
Frequency Range
(MHz)
Electric Field
Strength (E)
(V/m)
Magnetic Field
Strength (H)
(A/m)
Power Density
(S) (mW/cm2)
0.3-3.0
3.0-30
30-300
300-1500
1500-100,000
614
842/f
27.5
--
--
1.63
2.19/f
0.073
--
--
(100)*
(180/f2)*
0.2
f/1500
1.0
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Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix D
Electromagnetic Radiation
03Q-0110-20020720-120 D-3
Power density S [mW/cm2] for controlled area at 880 MHz
2
/9.2
300
880
300
][ cmmW
MHzf
S===
Power density S [mW/cm2] for uncontrolled area at 880 MHz
2
/58.0
1500
880
1500
][ cmmW
MHzf
S===
D.3 Calculation of the Safe Distance
Calculations can be made on a site by site basis to ensure the power density is below
the limits given above, or guidelines can be done beforehand to ensure the minimum
distances from the antenna is maintained through the site planning. The calcualtions
are based on FCC OET 65 Appendix B.
D.4 Prediction of the Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields
Below method describes a theoretical approach to calculate possible exposure to
electromagnetic radiation around a base station transceiver antenna. Precise
statements are basically only possible either with measurements or complex
calculations considering the complexity of the environment (e.g. soil conditions, near
buildings and other obstacles) which causes reflections, scattering of electromagnetic
fields.
The maximum output power (given in EIRP) of a base station is usually limited by
license conditions of the network operator.
A rough estimation of the expected exposure in power flux density on a given point can
be made with the following equation. The calcualtions are based on FCC OET 65
Appendix B.
π∗∗
∗
=)(4
)(
2mr
GWP
Snumeric
Whereas:
P = Maximum output power in W of the site
G numeric = Numeric gain of the antenna relative to isotropic antenna
R = distance between the antenna and the point of exposure in meters
D.5 Calculation of the Safe Distance
Calculations can be made on a site by site basis to ensure the power density is below
the limits given above, or guidelines can be done beforehand to ensure the minimum
distances from the antenna is maintained through the site planning.
S
PtG
rd
π4
**64.1
=
Whereas:
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix D
Electromagnetic Radiation
03Q-0110-20020720-120 D-4
r = distance from the antenna [m]
d
G= Antenna gain relative to half wave dipole
Pt
= Power at the antenna terminals [W]
S = power density [W/m2] see also MPE Limits
Note: 1mW/cm2 = 10W/m2
D.6 Location of Base station antennas
Base stations antennas, the source of the radiation, are usually mounted on
freestanding towers, with a height up to 30 m or on a tower on the top of buildings or in
less cases to the side of the building. Generally the height of the antenna position does
not fall below 10 m. The power usually is focused into a horizontal main beam and
slightly downward tilted. The remaining power goes into the weaker beams on both
side of the main beam. The main beam however does not reach ground level until the
distance from the antenna position is around 50 – 200 m.
The highest level of emission would be expected in close vicinity of the antenna and in
line of sight to the antenna.
D.6.1 Exclusions Zones:
1) Antenna location should be designed so that the public cannot access areas
where the RF radiation exceeds the levels as described above. .
2) If there are areas accessible to workers that exceed the RF radiation exceeds the
levels as described above make sure that workers know where these areas are,
and that they can (and do) power-down (or shut down) the transmitters when
entering these areas. Such areas may not exist; but if they do, they will be
confined to areas within 10 m of the antennas.
3) Each Exclusion zone should be defined by a physical barrier and by a easy
recognizable sign warning the public or workers that inside the exclusion zone the
RF radiation might exceed national limits.
D.6.2 Guidelines on arranging antenna sites:
1) For roof-mounted antennas, elevate the transmitting antennas above the height of
people who may have to be on the roof.
2) For roof-mounted antennas, keep the transmitting antennas away from the areas
where people are most likely to be (e.g., roof access points, telephone service
points, HVAC equipment).
3) For roof-mounted directional antennas, place the antennas near the periphery and
point them away from the building.
4) Consider the trade off between large aperture antennas (lower maximum RF) and
small aperture antennas (lower visual impact).
5) Take special precautions to keep higher-power antennas away from accessible
areas.
6) Keep antennas at a site as for apart as possible; although this may run contrary to
local zoning requirements.
7) Take special precautions when designing "co-location" sites, where multiple
antennas owned by different companies are on the same structure. This applies
particularly to sites that include high-power broadcast (FM/TV) antennas. Local
zoning often favors co-location, but co-location can provide "challenging" RF
safety problems.
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Electromagnetic Radiation
03Q-0110-20020720-120 D-5
8) For roof-mounted antennas, elevate the transmitting antennas above the height of
people who may have to be on the roof.
9) For roof-mounted antennas, keep the transmitting antennas away from the areas
where people are most likely to be (e.g., roof access points, telephone service
points, HVAC equipment).
10) Take special precautions for antenna sites near hospital and schools.
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix E Standard Compliance
03Q-0110-20020720-120 E-1
Appendix E Standard Compliance
E.1 Um Interface
I. Physical layer
TIA/EIA IS-2000-2-A: Physical Layer Standard for CDMA2000 1X Standards for Spread
Spectrum Systems
II. MAC layer
TIA/EIA IS-2000-3-A: Medium Access Control (MAC) Standard for CDMA2000 1X
Standards for Spread Spectrum Systems
III. Service capability
TSB2000: Capabilities Requirements Mapping for CDMA2000 1X Standards
IV. System performance
TIA/EIA-97-D: Recommended Minimum Performance Specification for cdma2000
Spread Spectrum Base Station
E.2 Abis Interface
I. Physical layer
1) E1 interface
E1 Physical Interface Specification, September 1996
2) SDH STM-1
ANSI T1.101: Synchronization Interface Standard
ITU-T G.707: (3/96) Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
ITU-T G.703: (10/98) Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces
ITU-T G.957: Optical interface for equipment and systems relating to the synchronous
digital hierarchy
ITU-T G.958: Digital line systems based on the synchronous digital hierarchy for use on
optical fiber cables
3) ATM
AF-PHY-0086.001: Inverse Multiplexing for ATM(IMA) Specification Version 1.1
ATM Forum af-phy-0064.000
ATM Forum af-phy-0130.000
ATM on Fractional E1/T1, October 1999
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03Q-0110-20020720-120 E-2
II. ATM layer
ANSI T1.627-1993: Telecommunications broadband ISDN-ATM Layer Functionality
and specification
III. ATM adaptation layer
ITU-T recommendation I.366.2: B-ISDN ATM Adaptation Layer Type 2 Specification
ITU-T I.363.5: B-ISDN ATM Adaptation Layer 5 Specification: Type 5 AAL
IV. TCP/IP
RFC791: Internet Protocol
RFC793: Transport Control Protocol
V. Abis interface high layer protocol
3GPP2 A.R0003: Abis interface technical report for CDMA2000 1X Spread Spectrum
System
VI. Self-defined standard
CDMA2000 1X Abis Interface High Layer Protocol
E.3 Lightning Protection
l IEC 61312-1(1995) Protection Against Lightning Electromagnetic Impulse Part I:
General Principles
l IEC 61643-1(1998) Surge Protective devices connected to low-voltage power
distribution systems
l ITU-T K.11 (1993) Principles of Protection Against Over-voltage and Over-current.
l ITU-T K.27 (1996) Bonding Configurations and Earthing Inside a
Telecommunication Building
l ETS 300 253(1995) Equipment Engineering; Earthing and bonding of
telecommunication equipment in telecommunication centers
E.4 Safety
l IEC60950 Safety of information technology equipment Including Electrical
Business Equipment
l IEC60215 Safety requirement for radio transmitting equipment
l CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 1-M94 Audio, Video and Similar Electronic Equipment
l CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 950-95 Safety of Information Technology Equipment
Including Electrical Business Equipment.
l UL 1419 Standard for Professional Video and Audio Equipment
l 73/23/EEC Low Voltage Directive
l UL 1950 Safety of information technology equipment Including Electrical Business
Equipment
l IEC60529 Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP Code).
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix E Standard Compliance
03Q-0110-20020720-120 E-3
EMC
l TS 25.113v3.1.0; 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification
Group Radio Access Networks; Base station EMC
l ITU-R Rec. SM.329-7: "Spurious emissions"
l TS 25.141; 3rd Generation Partnership Project; TSG RAN WG4; UTRA (BS) FDD;
Base station conformance testing (FDD)
l TS 25.142; 3rd Generation Partnership Project; TSG RAN WG4; Base station
conformance testing (TDD)
l TS 25.104; 3rd Generation Partnership Project; TSG RAN WG4; UTRA (BS) FDD;
Radio transmission and reception
l TS 25.105; 3rd Generation Partnership Project; TSG RAN WG4; UTRA (BS) TDD;
Radio transmission and reception
User Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612-800 12-carrier CDMA Base Station Appendix F Abbreviation
03Q-0110-20020720-120 F-1
Appendix F Abbreviation
3GPP2 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2
A Availability
A1/A2/A5 Interface between BSC and MSC
A3/A7 Interface between BSCs
A8/A9 Interface between BSC and PCF
A10/A11 Interface between PCF and PDSN
AAA Authorization, Authentication and Accounting
AAL2 ATM Adaptation Layer 2
AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer 5
Abis
AC Authentication Center
A/D Analog/Digit
ADC Analog Digit Converter
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ARQ Automatic Repeat Request
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AUC Authentication
B
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
BAM Back Administration Module
BBFL BTS BTRM FAN Lamp Module
BBFM BTS BTRM FAN Monitor
BCIM BTS Control Interface Module
BCKM BTS Control & Clock Module
BCPM BTS Channel Process Module
BDCS BTS Direct Current Switchbox
BEOM BTS Electric-Optical Module
BESP BTS E1 Surge Protector
BFAN BTS FAN Module
BFMM BTS Fan Monitor Module
BFNB BTS Fan Block Interface Board
BHPA BTS High Power Amplifier Unit
BICM BTS Intermediate Frequency Control Module
BIFM BTS Intermediate Frequency Module
BPLI BTS Power & Lighting protection lamp Indicator board
BRCM BTS Radio Up-Down Converter Module
BRDM BTS Resource Distribution Module
BRFM BTS RF Fan Module
BS BTS
BSC BTS Controller
BSS BTS Subsystem
BTBM BTS Transceiver Backplane Module
BTEM BTS Test Module
BTRM BTS Transceiver Module
BTS Base Transceiver Station
C
CCITT International Telephone and Telegraph Consultative Committee
CBKM CDMA Backplane Module
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CDU Combining Duplexer Unit
CEs Channel Elements
CLI Command Line Interpreter
CLK Clock
CM Connection Management
CN Core Network
CTC Common Transmit Clock
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03Q-0110-20020720-120 F-2
D
D/A Digit/Analog
DAC Digit Analog Converter
DC Direct Current
DAGC Digit Automatic Gain Control
DCE Data Communications Equipment
E
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
EMI Electro Magnetic Interference
EIA Electronics Industry Association
EIB Erasure Indicator Bit
EIR Equipment Identity Register
F
FA Foreign Agent
F-APICH Forward Assistant Pilot Channel
F-ATDPICH Forward Transmit Diversity Assistant Pilot Channel
F-BCH Forward Broadcast Channel
FCACH Forward Common Assignment Channel
F-CCCH Forward Common Control Channel
F-CPCCH Forward Common Power Control Channel
F-DCCH Forward Dedicated Control Channel
FER Frame Error Rate
F-FCH Forward Fundamental Channel
F-PCH Forward Paging Channel
F-PICH Forward Pilot Channel
F-QPCH Forward Quick Paging Channel
F-SCCH Forward Supplemental Code Channel
F-SCH Forward Supplemental Channel
F-SYNCH Forward Sync Channel
F-TCH Forward Traffic Channel
F-TDPICH Forward Transmit Diversity Pilot Channel
FTP File Transfer Protocol
G
GLONASS Global Navigation Satellite System
GMSC Gateway Mobile-services Switching Centre
GPS Global Position System
GRIL GPS/GLONASS Receiver Interface Language
GUI Graphics User Interface
H
HA Home Agent
HDLC High level Data Link Control
HLR Home Location Register
HPAU High Power Amplifier Unit
HPSK Hybrid Phase Shift Keying
I
ICP IMA Control Protocol
IF Intermediate Frequency
IMA Inverse Multiplexing for ATM
IP Internet Protocol
IPOA IP over ATM
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ITC Independent Transmit Clock
ITU International Telecommunications Union
IWF Interwork Function
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03Q-0110-20020720-120 F-3
J
JTAG Joint Test Action Group
L
LAC Link Access Control
LMF Local Maintenance Function
LNA Low-Noise Amplifier
M
MAC Medium Access Control
MC Message Center
MCPA Multi-Carrier Power Amplifier
Mcps Million chips per second
MM Mobility Management
MMI Man Machine Interface
Modem Modulator-Demodulator
MPU Micro Process Unit
MS Mobile Station
MSC Mobile Switching Center
MT0 Mobile Terminal 0
MT1 Mobile Terminal 1
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
MTTR Mean Time To Repair
N
Node B
O
OAM Operation & Maintenance
ODU Out Door Unit
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OMC Operation & Maintenance Center
OML Operation & Maintenance Link
OMU Operation & Maintenance Unit
OCXO Oven voltage Control Oscillator
OQPSK Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
OTD Orthogonal Transmit Diversity
P
PCF Packet Control Function
PDSN Packet Data Service Node
PGND Protection Ground
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
PN Pseudo Number
PSPDN Packet Switched Public Data Network
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PSU Power Supply Unit
PVC Permanent Virtual Channel
PVP Permanent Virtual Path
PWM Pulse-Width Modulation
Q
QIB Quality Identification Bit
QoS Quality of Service
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
R
R-ACH Reverse Access Channel
RC Rate Configuration
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03Q-0110-20020720-120 F-4
RC1 Rate Configuration 1
RC2 Rate Configuration 2
RC3 Rate Configuration 3
RC4 Rate Configuration 4
R-CCCH Reverse Common Control Channel
R-DCCH Reverse Dedicated Control Channel
R-EACH Reverse Enhanced Access Channel
RF Radio Frequency
R-FCH Reverse Fundamental Channel
RLDU Receive LNA Distribution Unit
RLP Radio Link Protocol
RM Radio Management
RNC Radio Network Controller
R-PICH Reverse Pilot Channel
R-SCCH Reverse Supplemental Code Channel
R-SCH Reverse Supplemental Channel
RSQI Receive Signal Quality Indicator
R-TCH Reverse Traffic Channel
S
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SID System Identification
SME Signaling Message Encryption
SDU Selection/Distribution Unit
SPU Signaling Process Unit
SSSAR Special Service Segmentation and Reassemble
STM-1 Synchronization Transfer Module 1
STS Space Time Spreading
T
TA Timing Advance
TA Terminal Adapter
TAm Mobile Terminal Adapter
TCP Transport Control Protocol
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TE1 Terminal Equipment 1
TE2 Terminal Equipment 2
TIA Telecommunications Industry Association
TMSI Temp Mobile Subscriber Identifier
TRX Transceiver
U
Um
UTC Universal Coordinated Time
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
V
VCI Virtual Channel Identifier
VLR Visitor Location Register
VPI Virtual Path Identifier

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