Hytera Communications AR482GI Digital Portable Radio User Manual User Guide
Hytera Communications Corporation Limited Digital Portable Radio User Guide
Contents
- 1. User Manual
- 2. User manual
User Manual
DIGITAL PORTABLE RADIO AR482Gi USER MANUAL Welcome to the world of Hytera and thank you for purchasing this product. This manual includes a description of the functions and step-by-step procedures for use. It also includes a troubleshooting guide. To avoid bodily injury or property loss caused by incorrect operation, please carefully read the Safety Information Booklet before use. This manual is applicable to the following product: AR482Gi Digital Portable Radio (X may represent 2, 5, 6 or 8) Copyright Information copied, modified, translated, or distributed in any manner without the prior written consent of the Company. Hytera is the trademark or registered trademark of Hytera Communications Corporation Limited (the Company) in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and/or other countries or areas. The Company retains the ownership of its trademarks and product names. All other trademarks and/or product names that may be used in this manual are properties of their respective owners. We do not guarantee, for any particular purpose, the accuracy, validity, timeliness, legitimacy or completeness of the third-party products and contents involved in this manual. If you have any suggestions or would like to receive more information, please visit our website at: http://www.hytera.com. The product described in this manual may include the Company's computer programs stored in memory or other media. Laws in PRC and/or other countries or areas protect the exclusive rights of the Company with respect to its computer programs. The purchase of this product shall not be deemed to grant, either directly or by implication, any rights to the purchaser regarding the Company's computer programs. The Company's computer programs may not be copied, modified, distributed, decompiled, or reverseengineered in any manner without the prior written consent of the Company. FCC Statement The Company endeavors to achieve the accuracy and completeness of this manual, but no warranty of accuracy or reliability is given. All the specifications and designs are subject to change without notice due to This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates and can radiate radio frequency energy. If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. Verification of harmful interference by this equipment to radio or television reception can be determined by turning it off and then on. The user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by continuous technological development. No part of this manual may be one or more of the following measures: Disclaimer l Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. l Connect the equipment into an outlet on a different circuit to that of the receiver's outlet. RF Exposure Compliance and Control Guidelines and Operating Instructions l Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. To control your exposure and ensure compliance with the occupational/controlled environmental exposure limits, always adhere to the following procedures. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: l This device may not cause harmful interference. l This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Guidelines: l Do not remove the RF Exposure Label from the device. Note: Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. l User awareness instructions should accompany device when transferred to other users. l Do not use this device if the operational requirements described herein are not met. Compliance with RF Exposure Standards Operating Instructions: The radio complies with the following RF energy exposure standards and guidelines: l Transmit no more than the rated duty factor of 50% of the time. To transmit (talk), press the Push-to-Talk (PTT) key. To receive calls, release the PTT key. Transmitting 50% of the time, or less, is important because the radio generates measurable RF energy only when transmitting (in terms of measuring for standards compliance). l United States Federal Communications Commission, Code of Federal Regulations; 47 CFR § 1.1307, 1.1310 and 2.1093 l American National Standards Institute (ANSI) / Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) C95. 1:2005; Canada RSS102 Issue 5 March 2015 l Keep the radio unit at least 2.5 cm away from the face. Keeping the radio at the proper distance is important as RF exposure decreases with distance from the antenna. The antenna should be kept away from the face and eyes. l Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) C95.1:2005 Edition l When worn on the body, always place the radio in an approved holder, holster, case, or body harness or by use of the correct clip for this product. Use of non-approved accessories may result in exposure levels which exceed the FCC's occupational/controlled environmental RF exposure limits. Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d'Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L'exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes: (1) l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) l'utilisateur de l'appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement l Use of non-approved antennas, batteries, and accessories causes the radio to exceed the FCC RF exposure guidelines. l Contact your local dealer for the product's optional accessories. EU Regulatory Conformance ISEDC Statement As certified by the qualified laboratory, the product is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of 2014/53/EU. The device has been tested and complies with SAR limits, users can obtain Canadian information on RF exposure and compliance. Please note that the above information is applicable to EU countries only. Après examen de ce matériel aux conformité aux limites DAS et/ou aux limites d’intensité de champ RF, les utilisateurs peuvent sur l’exposition aux radiofréquences et la conformité and compliance d’acquérir les informations correspondantes This device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: l This device may not cause harmful interference. l This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Contents LCD Icons LED Indications Call Services 10 Packing List Call on Digital Channel 10 Product Controls Call on Analog Channel 11 Before Use Message Services 11 Charging the Battery Viewing a Message 11 Attaching the Battery Sending a Message 11 Attaching the Antenna Deleting a Message 12 Attaching the Belt Clip Supplementary Features 13 Attaching the Audio Accessory Basic Settings 13 Contact Management 13 Turning On or Off the Radio Scan 14 Adjusting the Volume Time-out Timer 14 Locking or Unlocking Keypad Busy Channel Lockout 14 Inputting via Keypad Real-time Clock 15 Selecting a Zone Voice Operated Transmit 15 Selecting a Channel BT Services 15 Basic Operations Status Indications Digital Services 16 Analog Services 16 Troubleshooting 18 Care and Cleaning 20 Product Care 20 Product Cleaning 20 Optional Accessories 20 Abbreviations 20 Packing List Please unpack carefully and check that you have received the following items. If any item is missing or damaged, please contact your dealer. Item Quantity (PCS) Item Quantity (PCS) Radio Antenna Battery Belt Clip Charger Strap Power Adapter Documentation Kit Check whether the frequency band on the antenna label matches that on the radio label. If not, please contact your dealer. Product Controls You can request your dealer to program the following keys as shortcuts to radio features: TK key, SK1 key, and SK2 key. Please consult your dealer for assignable radio features. Before Use LED Indicator Charging the Battery Charging Status Glows orange The battery is charged to 90% or above. Glows green The battery is fully charged. Flashes red rapidly The battery fails to be charged. l Use the approved charger to charge the battery. l Read the Safety Information Booklet before charging. You can also charge the radio with battery attached. It is recommended that your radio remain turned off during charging. Before initial use, fully charge the battery to ensure optimum performance. To charge the battery, do as follows: Attaching the Battery 1. Insert the output connector of the power adapter into the port on the back of the charger. 2. Plug the power adapter into a power outlet. 3. Place the battery into the charger, and then switch the power outlet on. To determine the charging status, check the light-emitting diode (LED) indicator on the charger according to the following table: LED Indicator Charging Status Flashes red slowly The battery fails to make proper contact with the charger. Glows red The battery is charging. To remove the battery, make sure that the radio is turned off, and then slide the battery latch upwards. Attaching the Antenna Attaching the Audio Accessory Do not hold the radio by the antenna, because it may reduce the radio performance and life span of the antenna. For optimal waterproof and dustproof performance, close the accessory connector cover and fasten the screw when no accessory is attached. Attaching the Belt Clip 1. Use a Phillips screwdriver to turn the screws counter-clockwise on the back of the radio and remove them. 2. Align the screw holes on the belt clip with those on the back of the radio. 3. Put the screws back in place as shown below, and use the Phillips screwdriver to turn them clockwise until hand tight. 1. Open the accessory connector cover. 2. Plug the accessory into the accessory connector. Adjusting the Volume 3. Rotate the screw on the accessory plug clockwise until hand tight. Locking or Unlocking Keypad Basic Operations When the keypad is not in use, it is recommended that you lock it to avoid accidental operations. Turning On or Off the Radio To lock or unlock the keypad manually, do one of the following from the home screen: l Press the preprogrammed Keypad Lock key. l Press the OK/Menu key and then press To allow the keypad to be locked automatically, enable the Keypad Lock feature as follows: 1. Go to Menu > Settings > Radio Set > Keypad Lock. 2. Select Enable, and set Delay Time by pressing the Up or Down key. To disable this feature, select Disable under the Keypad Lock menu. Selecting a Channel In addition, you can go to Menu > Settings > Radio Set > Optional Key to set whether the corresponding keys and knobs still work when the keypad is locked. Data and voices are received and transmitted on a channel. You can rotate the Channel Selector knob to select the channel. Inputting via Keypad Status Indications You can input alias, contact numbers or messages via the keypad of the radio. Here are some useful tips: LCD Icons Icon l To switch the input method between alphabetic mode and numeric mode, press l To enter special characters, press numeric mode. l To enter a space, press in alphabetic mode or Direct Mode: The radio transmits and receives directly. RM Repeater Mode: The radio transmits and receives through a repeater. in in alphabetic mode. The number of bars indicates the charge left in the battery. Selecting a Zone There is no signal. A zone is a group of channels with the same property. The radio supports up to 16 zones, with a maximum of 16 channels per zone. To select a zone, do one of the following: Go to Menu > Zone, press Up or Down key to select a zone, and then press OK/Menu key to switch to the selected zone. Press the preprogrammed Zone Up or Zone Down key to switch to the selected zone. Radio Status DM The number of bars indicates the signal strength. The radio is set at low power. The radio is set at high power. An accessory is connected. Icon LED Indications Radio Status The radio is roaming. LED Indicator Radio Status The radio is scanning. Flashes green Being turned on. The radio stays on a non-priority channel. Glows green Receiving. The radio stays on priority channel 1. Glows red Transmitting. The radio stays on priority channel 2. Flashes orange slowly Scanning or roaming. The Monitor feature is enabled. The speaker is turned on. Glows orange There is/are missed call(s). There is/are unread short message(s). The InBox is full. A private call is in progress or a private contact is on the contact list. A group call is in progress or a group contact is on the contact list. An all call is in progress or an all call contact is on the contact list. Call hang time: No voice is being transmitted or received on the channel during a call. Within such a period, you can press and hold the PTT key and speak. Making a Call Call Services You can make a call in any of the following ways: When you are speaking during a call, keep the microphone about 2.5 to 5 cm away from your mouth. This ensures optimal voice quality on the receiving radio. l Preset Contact 1. Rotate the Channel Selector knob to select the required channel. 2. Press and hold the PTT key to call the private contact, group contact, or all call contact preset for the selected channel. l Contact List or Call Log 1. Press the OK/Menu key. 2. Go to Contact > Contact List / Favorite Contact or Call Logs > Outgoing/Incoming/Missed > Outgoing List/Incoming List/Missed List. 3. Press the Up or Down key to select the required contact. 4. Press and hold the PTT key to call the selected contact. l Manual Dial Call on Digital Channel 1. Go to Menu > Contact > Manual Dial. to switch the display between the private contact or the group 2. Press contact. 3. Input a contact number and press and hold the PTT key to make a call. You can initiate or receive the following types of calls on a digital channel: l Private call: a call from an individual user to another individual user. l Group call: a call from an individual user in a group to all the other members in the group. l One Touch Call l All call: a call from an individual user to all the other users on the current channel. 1. Press the preprogrammed One Touch Call Key. 2. Press and hold the PTT key to call the contact. You can request your dealer to enable all call feature. 10 The radio displays , and for an outgoing private call, Call With Signaling group call, and all call respectively. On an analog channel with signaling, you can make a call to a specific contact on the channel. Do as follows: Receiving and Responding to a Call 1. 2. 3. 4. When receiving a call, you can listen to it without any operation. The radio displays , and for an incoming private call, group call, and all call respectively. Rotate the Channel Selector knob to select the required channel. Press the OK/Menu key, and go to Contact > Contact List. Select the target contact. Press and hold the PTT key, and speak into the microphone. You can press and hold the PTT key and speak within call hang time. Message Services Ending a Call The Message feature allows you to view, send, and delete messages. The radio will end a call when the call hang time expires. Viewing a Message Call on Analog Channel To view received messages or sent messages, do as follows: You can initiate or receive a call on an analog channel with or without signaling. Call Without Signaling 1. Press the OK/Menu key, and then go to Message > InBox/OutBox > Inbox List/Outbox List. 2. Select the required message. A call without signaling is a call made to all the other users on an analog channel without signaling. Sending a Message You can send a message or a quick text message, forward a message from the InBox or OutBox, and resend a message from the OutBox. To initiate a call without signaling, do as follows: 1. Rotate the Channel Selector knob to select the required channel. 2. Press and hold the PTT key, and speak into the microphone. 11 Sending a New Message 1. Go to Menu > Message > New Msg, and then type the text using the keypad. 2. Press the OK/Menu key, and then select Send. 3. Select the target contact, and then press the OK/Menu key. Sending a Quick Text Message A quick text message is a frequently used message predefined by your dealer. To send a quick text message, do as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. Press the OK/Menu key, and then go to Message > Quick Text. Select the required quick text, and then press the OK/Menu key. Select Send, and then select the target contact. Press the OK/Menu key. Deleting a Message To delete a message from the InBox or OutBox, do as follows: 1. Go to Menu > Message > InBox/OutBox > Inbox List/Outbox List. 2. Select the required message, and then press the OK/Menu key. 3. Select Delete, and then press the OK/Menu key. To delete all messages from the InBox or OutBox, do as follows: 1. Go to Menu > Message > InBox/OutBox. 2. Select Delete All, and then press the OK/Menu key. 12 Supplementary Features If you want to... Then... preset period. Basic Settings Turn on or off the LED indication You can press the OK/Menu key, go to Settings > Radio Set, and then perform the following operations: If you want to... Switch to or from direct mode Adjust the power level Turn on or off a specific tone Then... 1. Select Tone, and then select the required tone. 2. Select On/Off, and then select Enable or Disable. Select Talk Around, and then select Enable or Disable. Turn off all visible and audible indications Select Power Level, and then select one of the following as required: Contact Management Select Covert Mode, and then select On. You can manage the Favorites list and Contact List. l Hight Power: Enables communication with distant radios but consumes more battery power. Adding a Contact l Low Power: Enables communication with close radios and saves battery power. To add a contact to the Contact List, do as follows: Select Backlight, and select one of the following as required: Set the backlight Select LED, and then select Enable or Disable. 1. 2. 3. 4. l Off: The backlight remains off. l On: The backlight remains on. l Timed: The backlight automatically goes out if no operation or activity is performed within the Go to Menu > Contact > New Contact > Input ID/Edit ID. Enter the ID using the keypad, and then press the OK/Menu key. Select Input Alias/Edit Alias, and enter the alias using the keypad. Press the OK/Menu key, and then select Save. To add a frequently used contact to the Favorites list, do as follows: 1. Go to Menu > Contact > Favorites > Add Contact. 2. Select the required contact, and press the OK/Menu Key. 13 on a non-priority channel, it displays channel 1 or 2, it displays The ID and alias of a new contact must be unique. or . When the radio stays on a priority Selecting a Scan List Deleting a Contact To select a scan list, do as follows: To delete a contact from one of the above lists, do as follows: 1. Go to Menu > Scan > Scan List. 2. Select the required scan list, and then press the OK/Menu key. 1. Select the required contact from the corresponding list. 2. Select Delete Contact, and then press the OK/Menu key. Time-out Timer Scan The Time-out Timer (ToT) feature allows the radio to stop transmission automatically and keep beeping when the period preset by your dealer expires. To stop beeping, release the PTT key. You need to wait for a certain period (also preset by your dealer) to start transmission again. The Scan feature allows you to listen to activities on a channel, keeping track of your team members. With this feature enabled, the radio searches the scan list preset for the current channel and stays on a channel with activities. Turning On or Off the Scan Feature This feature aims to prevent a radio user from occupying a channel for an extended period and to avoid radio damage due to overheating. To turn on or off the Scan feature, go to Menu > Scan > Scan On/Off, and then select On or Off. Busy Channel Lockout , and the LED With the Scan feature enabled, the radio displays indicator slowly flashes orange. When detecting activities on a channel, the radio stays on it, and the LED indicator glows green. When the radio stays The Busy Channel Lockout feature allows the radio to keep beeping when you press and hold PPT key when the current channel is occupied by other radios. When the current channel is idle, you can transmit by pressing and holding PPT key. 14 The Busy Channel Lockout feature aims to prevent interference from other radio on the same channel during transmission. To set the sensitivity of the external or internal microphone, press the OK/Menu key, go to Settings > Radio Set > VOX, and then select the appropriate level. Real-time Clock BT Services Real-time Clock allows you to view and set time on the radio. With Realtime Clock enabled, the home screen displays time in the format of HH:MM; with Real-time Clock disabled, it displays --:--. l To derive optimal communication quality, use the wireless devices specified by the Company. For detailed functions and operations of the devices, refer to the corresponding user manuals. l To enable or disable time display, go to Date and Time > Time Display; l To view time, date, and week, go to Date and Time > Time View; l Any wireless earpiece manufactured by a third-party company must be used with the wireless ring PTT supplied by the Company; otherwise, the radio cannot transmit audio signals via the earpiece. l To set time and date, go to Date and Time > Time Settings; l To change time format, go to Date and Time > Time Format; l To change time zone, go to Date and Time > Time Zone. Voice Operated Transmit The BT feature allows the radio to exchange data with another BT-enable device over short distances (generally within 10 meters). The Voice Operated Transmit (VOX) feature allows you to transmit voice without pressing and holding the PTT key. The radio automatically transmits To perform the pairing and connection, do as follows. voice when the volume reaches the preset level. A higher gain level indicates lower sensitivity, which requires higher volume for triggering transmission. 1. Enable the BT feature of the radio through either of the following ways: To turn on or off this feature, press the OK/Menu key, go to Settings > Radio Set > VOX > On/Off, and then select On or Off. 2. Make the wireless device enter the pairing mode. » Go to Accessory > Bluetooth > BT Switch, and select On. » Press the programmed BT key. For the detailed operations, refer to the corresponding user manual. 15 Roam 3. Go to Accessory -> Bluetooth -> Device Search, and select Search PTT or Search Earphone. 4. On the Devices List, select the wireless device found and then select Connect. The Roam feature allows you to enjoy seamless communication across sites or networks. To turn on or off this feature, press the OK/Menu key, go to Roam > Roam On/Off, and then select On or Off. When the radio displays the prompt “Connect Success”, the wireless connection has been established. To select a roam list, press the OK/Menu key, go to Roam > Roam List, and then select the required list. For a better audio clarity, put the radio at most two meters away from the wireless devices, with the radio’s front panel towards the devices. Analog Services Digital Services Turning On or Off the Squelch Off Feature One Touch Call The Squelch Off feature allows the radio's speaker to keep turned on no matter whether the squelch condition is satisfied. The One Touch Call feature allows you to press the preprogrammed One Touch Call key to quickly access a service assigned by your dealer. The available services are as follows: Service Type To turn on this feature, press the preprogrammed Squelch Off key or press and hold the preprogrammed Squelch Off Momentary key. Description Voice Service To initiate a group or private call. Data Service To send a quick text message. To turn off this feature, press the preprogrammed Squelch Off key again or release the preprogrammed Squelch Off Momentary key. Setting the Squelch Level The squelch level refers to the squelch threshold required for the radio's speaker to be turned on. To set the squelch level, do one of the following: 16 l Press the OK/Menu key, go to Settings > Radio Set > Squelch, and then select Open, Normal, or Tight (from low to high) as required. l Press the programmed Setting the Squelch Level Key. Generally, a higher squelch level requires higher signal strength. If the squelch level is set to Open, the speaker will always keep turned on. Turning On or Off the Monitor Feature The Monitor feature allows the radio to receive weak signals. To turn on or off this feature, press the preprogrammed Monitor key. Setting the CTCSS/CDCSS Feature The Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System (CTCSS)/Continuous DigitalCoded Squelch System (CDCSS) feature allows the radio to filter out unwanted voice on the current channel. You can request your dealer to enable this feature. 17 Troubleshooting Phenomena You cannot turn on the radio. During receiving, the voice is weak or intermittent. Analysis Solution The battery may be installed improperly. Remove and reattach the battery. The battery power may run out. Recharge or replace the battery. The battery may suffer from poor contact caused by dirty or damaged battery contacts. Clean the battery contacts or replace the battery. The battery voltage may be low. Recharge or replace the battery. The volume level may be low. Increase the volume. The antenna may be loose or may be installed incorrectly. Turn off the radio, and then remove and reattach the antenna. The speaker may be blocked. Clean the surface of the speaker. You cannot communicate with The frequency or signaling type may be inconsistent with that Verify that your TX/RX frequency and signaling type are of other members. correct. other group members. The channel type (digital or analog) may be set incorrectly. Verify that you are on the correct digital or analog channel. You may be too far away from other members. Move towards other members. You hear unknown voices or noise. You may be interrupted by radios using the same frequency. Change the frequency, or adjust the squelch level. The radio in analog mode may be set with no signaling. Request your dealer to set signaling for the current channel to avoid interference. 18 Phenomena Analysis Solution You may be too far away from other members. Move towards other members. You may be in an unfavourable position. For example, your communication may be blocked by high buildings or blocked in an underground area. Move to an open and flat area, restart the radio, and try again. It may be the result of external disturbance (such as electromagnetic interference). Stay away from equipment that may cause interference. The radio keeps transmitting. The PPT/VOX key of the earpiece is toggled from PPT to VOX. Plug earpiece again or switch channel. The OLED does not display any information. The OLED may not work temporarily. Restart the radio. You cannot use the keys. The keypad may not work temporarily. Restart the radio. You are unable to hear anyone because of too much noise and hiss. If the above solutions cannot fix your problems, or you may have some other queries, please contact your dealer for more technical support. 19 Care and Cleaning Optional Accessories To guarantee optimal performance as well as a long service life of the product, please follow these tips. Contact your local dealer for the optional accessories used with the product. Product Care Use the approved accessories only; otherwise, we will not be liable for any loss or damage arising out of the use of any unauthorised accessories. l Do not pierce or scrape the product. l Keep the product far away from substances that can corrode the circuitry. Abbreviations l Do not hold the product by the antenna or earpiece cable. l Close the accessory connector cover when no accessory is in use. Abbreviation Product Cleaning Turn off the product and remove the battery before cleaning. l Clean up the dust and fine particles on the product surface and charging piece with a clean and dry lint-free cloth or a brush regularly. l Use neutral cleanser and a non-woven fabric to clean the keys, knobs, and front case after long-time use. Do not use chemical preparations such as stain removers, alcohol, sprays or oil preparations, so as to avoid surface case damage. l Make sure the product is completely dry before use. 20 Full Name CDCSS Continuous Digital-Coded Squelch System CTCSS Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System DM Direct Mode LED Light-emitting Diode OLED Organic Light-emitting Diode PTT Push-to-Talk RM Repeater Mode SK Side Key TK Top Key Abbreviation Full Name TOT Time-out Timer VOX Voice Operated Transmit 21 is the trademark or registered trademark of Hytera Communications Corporation Limited. 2017 Hytera Communications Corporation Limited. All Rights Reserved. Address: Hytera Tower, Hi-Tech Industrial Park North, 9108# Beihuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China Postcode: 518057 http:// www.hytera.com Z18512 Y27109 5202010000870A
Source Exif Data:
File Type : PDF File Type Extension : pdf MIME Type : application/pdf PDF Version : 1.6 Linearized : No Author : My Name Create Date : 2018:06:12 10:20:41+08:00 Modify Date : 2018:06:14 14:47:15-07:00 Subject : Has XFA : No Language : en-gb XMP Toolkit : Adobe XMP Core 5.2-c001 63.139439, 2010/09/27-13:37:26 Format : application/pdf Creator : My Name Description : Title : User Guide Metadata Date : 2018:06:14 14:47:15-07:00 Keywords : Producer : madbuild Document ID : uuid:2a9811d1-a62c-4741-b8e7-ac03e5cc9439 Instance ID : uuid:bd58a537-424c-4503-9cb4-a79d1824c497 Page Mode : UseOutlines Page Count : 27EXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools