Infinet Malta XM5X High Performance Broadband Wireless System User Manual InfiLINK XG

Infinet Malta Limited High Performance Broadband Wireless System InfiLINK XG

Contents

User Manual

InfiLINK XG Software Version: v1.5.36 Last updated: 4/11/2016 Technical User Manual
Important Notice Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG ii Legal Rights © Copyright 2015 InfiNet Wireless. All rights reserved. The information contained in this document is originated by, proprietary, confidential and owned by InfiNet Wireless. No part of this document should be disclosed, reproduced or distributed without the express written permission of InfiNet Wireless Ltd. InfiNet Wireless Ltd. reserves the right to change the information contained in this document without prior notice. No part of this document may be considered as a part of any contract or warranty. Statement of Conditions InfiNet Wireless Ltd. shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance or use of this manual or equipment supplied with it. Statement on the safe use This InfiLINK XG equipment complies with RF exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment, when installed as directed. This equipment should be installed and operated with fix-mounted antenna that are installed with a minimum of 0.5 meters of separation distance between the antenna and all persons’ body during normal operation. FCC and IC Statement Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement (English) This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures:
Important Notice Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG iii • Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. • Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. • Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. • Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. FCC Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and 2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation FCC et IC Déclaration Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement (Français) Cet équipement a été testé et jugé conforme aux limites d'un dispositif numérique de classe B, conformément à la partie 15 des règles de la FCC. Ces limites sont conçues pour fournir une protection raisonnable contre les interférences nuisibles dans une installation résidentielle. Cet équipement génère, utilise et peut émettre de l'énergie radiofréquence et, si non installé et utilisé conformément aux instructions, peut provoquer des interférences dans les communications radio. Cependant, il n'y a aucune garantie que des interférences ne se produiront pas dans une installation particulière. Si cet équipement provoque des interférences nuisibles à la réception radio ou de télévision, ce qui peut être déterminé en allumant et éteignant l'équipement, l'utilisateur est encouragé à essayer de corriger les interférences par une des mesures suivantes: • Réorienter ou déplacer l'antenne de réception. • Augmenter la séparation entre l'équipement et le récepteur. • Branchez l'appareil dans une prise sur un circuit différent de celui sur lequel est branché le récepteur. • Consulter le revendeur ou un technicien radio / TV expérimenté. Avertissement de la FCC: Les changements ou modifications non expressément approuvés par la partie responsable de la conformité pourraient annuler l'autorité de l'utilisateur à utiliser cet équipement. Cet appareil est conforme à la partie 15 des règles de la FCC. Son fonctionnement est soumis aux deux conditions suivantes:
Important Notice Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG iv 1. Ce dispositif ne peut causer des interférences nuisibles, et 2. Cet appareil doit accepter toute interférence reçue, y compris les interférences qui peuvent provoquer un fonctionnement indésirable. Disclaimer The software is sold on an "AS IS" basis. InfiNet Wireless, its affiliates or its licensors make no warranties, whatsoever, whether express or implied, with respect to the software and the accompanying documentation. InfiNet Wireless specifically disclaims all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement with respect to the software. Units of product (including all the software) delivered to purchaser hereunder are not fault_ tolerant and are not designed, manufactured or intended for use or resale in applications where the failure, malfunction or inaccuracy of products carries a risk of death or bodily injury or severe physical or environmental damage (“high risk activities”). High risk activities may include, but are not limited to, use as part of on-line control systems in hazardous environments requiring fail-safe performance, such as in the operation of nuclear facilities, aircraft navigation or communication systems, air traffic control, life support machines, weapons systems or other applications representing a similar degree of potential hazard. InfiNet Wireless specifically disclaims any express or implied warranty of fitness for high risk activities. Indication of the countries InfiNet Wireless equipment has no geographical limitations for selling and can be supplied to any country of the world. Limitation of Liability InfiNet Wireless shall not be liable to the purchaser or to any third party, for any loss of profits, loss of use, interruption of business or for any indirect, special, incidental, punitive or consequential damages of any kind, whether arising under breach of contract, tort (including negligence), strict liability or otherwise and whether based on this agreement or otherwise, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. To the extent permitted by applicable law, in no event shall the liability for damages hereunder of InfiNet Wireless or its employees or agents exceed the purchase price paid for the product by purchaser, nor shall the aggregate liability for damages to all parties regarding any product exceed the purchase price paid for that product by that party (except in the case of a breach of a party’s confidentiality obligations).
Important Notice Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG v
Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG vi About This Manual About This Manual This manual provides detailed technical information on the operation of the InfiLINK XG, including system specifications, installation, commissioning, maintenance and troubleshooting. The document is intended to be used by qualified RF engineers/technicians and IT professionals. Qualified personnel should have skills and experience in the following areas: Outdoor/indoor radio equipment installation Outdoor wireless networks TCP/IP networking protocols Safety procedures and instructions for installing antenna equipment Professional manage of electrical equipment and accessories Safety procedures and instructions for working on towers and heights
Contents, Figures and Tables Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG vii Table of Contents FCC and IC Statement ........................................................................................................... ii Getting started ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Document structure ...................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Abbreviations ................................................................................................................ 2 1.3. Document marks ........................................................................................................... 3 System Description ..................................................................................................................... 4 2.1. Introducing InfiLINK XG ................................................................................................ 5 2.2. Hardware Description ................................................................................................... 5 2.2.1. Outdoor Units ........................................................................................................ 6 2.2.2. Power Supply Units (IDU) ...................................................................................... 8 2.2.3. Auxiliary Units ...................................................................................................... 10 2.3. InfiLINK XG Specifications .......................................................................................... 15 2.3.1. Performance ........................................................................................................ 15 2.3.2. Radio ................................................................................................................... 15 2.3.3. Data Communication ........................................................................................... 17 2.3.4. Configuration Management .................................................................................. 18 2.3.5. Electrical Characteristics ...................................................................................... 18 2.3.6. Physical Environmental........................................................................................ 18 2.3.7. Standards and Regulations .................................................................................. 19 Installation ................................................................................................................................ 20 3.1. Installation Requirements ........................................................................................... 21 3.1.1. Packing list .......................................................................................................... 21 3.1.2. Additional Items Required .................................................................................... 22 3.1.3. Optional Accessories ........................................................................................... 22 3.1.4. Precautionary Measures ...................................................................................... 22 3.2. Equipment Positioning Guidelines .............................................................................. 23 3.2.1. Antenna Placement ............................................................................................. 23 3.2.2. Mounting Types ................................................................................................... 24 3.3. Installing the Outdoor Units ......................................................................................... 26 3.3.1. Preparing the RJ-45 Connectors .......................................................................... 26 3.3.2. Preparing the SFP Connectors ............................................................................ 27 3.3.3. InfiLINK XG - Um ................................................................................................. 29 3.3.4. InfiLINK XG - Xm ................................................................................................. 31
Contents, Figures and Tables Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG viii 3.3.5. Grounding and Lightning Protection ..................................................................... 33 3.3.6. Grounding when Using AUX-ODU-INJ-G ............................................................. 34 3.3.7. Grounding when Using AUX-ODU-LPU-G ........................................................... 36 3.3.8. Antenna Alignment .............................................................................................. 39 3.4. Installing the Indoor Unit ............................................................................................. 39 Commissioning ......................................................................................................................... 40 4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 41 4.2. Step by step procedure ............................................................................................... 41 Operation & Administration ....................................................................................................... 47 5.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 48 5.2. InfiLINK XG unit access .............................................................................................. 48 5.3. Status ......................................................................................................................... 49 5.3.1. Interface Statistics ...................................................................................................... 50 5.3.2. Wireless Link Statistics ............................................................................................... 51 5.4. Antenna alignment ...................................................................................................... 55 5.5. Maintenance ............................................................................................................... 57 5.5.1. Firmware..................................................................................................................... 58 5.5.2. Upload ........................................................................................................................ 60 5.5.3. Download.................................................................................................................... 60 5.5.4. Bottom section of the page ......................................................................................... 60 5.6. Settings ...................................................................................................................... 62 5.6.1. General ....................................................................................................................... 62 5.6.2. Network Access .......................................................................................................... 65 5.6.3. Radio .......................................................................................................................... 66 5.6.4. Switch ......................................................................................................................... 71 5.6.5. VLAN Switching .......................................................................................................... 75 5.6.6. SNMP ......................................................................................................................... 85 5.6.7. Apply and Try buttons for the configuration ................................................................. 88 5.6.8. Configuring QoS ......................................................................................................... 88 5.6.9. Configuring per-VLAN 802.1p priority assignment ...................................................... 92 Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................................ 94 6.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 95 6.2. The wireless link is down (it got lost) ........................................................................... 96 6.3. No access to the local unit .......................................................................................... 97 6.4. Expected capacity is not met ...................................................................................... 97 6.5. Errors on the wireless link, throughput fluctuations ..................................................... 99
Contents, Figures and Tables Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG ix 6.6. No data is being transferred ...................................................................................... 100 6.7. The management of the unit is lost ........................................................................... 100 6.7.1. ERConsole recovery procedure ................................................................................ 100 6.7.2. Restore to factory settings using ERConsole ............................................................ 102 Table of Figures Figure 1 - IDU-BS-G Top View .................................................................................................... 8 Figure 2 - IDU-BS-G Front Panel Figure 3 - IDU-BS-G Rear Panel ..................................... 10 Figure 4 - AUX-ODU-INJ-G ....................................................................................................... 10 Figure 5 - AUX-ODU-LPU-G Front Panel .................................................................................. 12 Figure 6 - External High-gain Dual-polarization Parabolic Antenna ......... Ошибка! Закладка не определена. Figure 7 - Pole mounting ........................................................................................................... 25 Figure 8 - Ethernet Connector Components .............................................................................. 26 Figure 9 - RJ-45 Connection Step 1 .......................................................................................... 26 Figure 10 - RJ-45 Connection Step 2 ........................................................................................ 27 Figure 11 - SFP Connector Components .................................................................................. 27 Figure 12 - SFP Connection Step 1 .......................................................................................... 28 Figure 13 - SFP Connection Step 2 .......................................................................................... 28 Figure 14 - SFP Connection Step 3 .......................................................................................... 29 Figure 15 - InfiLINK XG - UM ODU Front Panel ........................................................................ 30 Figure 16 - InfiLINK XG - Um ODU Installation Procedure ........................................................ 30 Figure 17 - InfiLINK XG - Xm ODU Installation Procedure ........................................................ 32 Figure 18 - Grounding Connections Schematics when Using IDU-BS-G ................................... 34 Figure 19 - AUX-ODU-INJ-G Connecting and Sealing Procedure ............................................. 35 Figure 20 - AUX-ODU-INJ-G Mounting and Grounding Procedure ............................................ 35 Figure 21 - Grounding Connections Schematics when Using AUX-ODU-INJ-G ........................ 36 Figure 22 - AUX-ODU-INJ-G power connector .......................................................................... 36 Figure 23 - AUX-ODU-LPU-G Connecting and Sealing Procedure ........................................... 37 Figure 24 - AUX-ODU-LPU-G Mounting and Grounding Procedure .......................................... 37 Figure 25 - Grounding Connections Schematics when Using AUX-ODU-LPU-G ...................... 38 Figure 26 - Connection Scheme for IDU-BS-G .......................................................................... 39 Figure 27 - Connectivity to the unit ............................................................................................ 42 Figure 28 - Initial status of the link ............................................................................................. 43 Figure 29 - Link UP status ......................................................................................................... 45
Contents, Figures and Tables Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG x Figure 30 - Web GUI login ........................................................................................................ 48 Figure 31 - Status page ............................................................................................................ 49 Figure 32 - Additional interface statistics ................................................................................... 51 Figure 33 - Antenna alignment tool ........................................................................................... 55 Figure 34 - Alignment test - graphical indicator ......................................................................... 56 Figure 35 - Firmware ................................................................................................................. 58 Figure 36 - New firmware warning message ............................................................................. 59 Figure 37 - Check latest release options ................................................................................... 60 Figure 38 - Unit reboot .............................................................................................................. 61 Figure 39 - How to create a diagnostic card .............................................................................. 61 Figure 40 - General page .......................................................................................................... 62 Figure 41 - Google Map ............................................................................................................ 65 Figure 42 - Network settings section ......................................................................................... 65 Figure 43 - Routing parameters ................................................................................................ 66 Figure 44 - Default frequency grids ........................................................................................... 69 Figure 45 - Custom frequency grids .......................................................................................... 70 Figure 46 - InfiLINK XG block diagram ...................................................................................... 71 Figure 47 - Switch Port Settings section .................................................................................... 72 Figure 48 - Switch Port Settings section .................................................................................... 72 Figure 49 - Port Interconnection Schema section ...................................................................... 74 Figure 50 - Connectivity matrix section ..................................................................................... 74 Figure 51 - Connectivity matrix section ..................................................................................... 74 Figure 52 - VLAN-based Switching section ............................................................................... 75 Figure 53- Adding a management IP address and associate it with VLAN 100 ......................... 76 Figure 54 - Default switching configuration ............................................................................... 77 Figure 55 - Adding and configuring a new VLAN ....................................................................... 77 Figure 56 - Configuring the operational mode of a port ............................................................. 78 Figure 57 - Configuring per-VLAN 802.1p priorities ................................................................... 79 Figure 58 – Different port state values ...................................................................................... 79 Figure 59 - Default native VLAN configuration .......................................................................... 79 Figure 60 - Native VLAN configuration example ........................................................................ 80 Figure 61 - Adding a management IP address and associate it with VLAN 100 ........................ 81 Figure 62 - VLAN-based switching configuration ....................................................................... 81 Figure 63 – Trunk and Acess VLAN example ............................................................................ 82 Figure 64 - Adding a management IP address and associate it with VLAN 100 ........................ 83 Figure 65 - VLAN-based switching configuration ....................................................................... 83
Contents, Figures and Tables Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG xi Figure 66 - Adding a management IP address and associate it with VLAN 100 ........................ 84 Figure 67 - VLAN-based switching configuration ....................................................................... 84 Figure 68 - The options after clicking on the «Try» button ......................................................... 88 Figure 69 - Configuring per-port egress rate limiting ................................................................. 90 Figure 70 - Configuring the packet scheduling algorithm ........................................................... 91 Figure 71 - Configuring the QoS strategy .................................................................................. 92 Figure 72 - Adding and configuring a new VLAN ....................................................................... 92 Figure 73 - Configuring per-VLAN 802.1p priorities ................................................................... 93 Figure 74 - Basic faults classification ........................................................................................ 95 Figure 75 - Monitored wireless link ............................................................................................ 95 Figure 76 - ERConsole information ......................................................................................... 101 Figure 77 - Adding a new IP address ...................................................................................... 102 List of Tables Table 1 - InfiLINK XG ODU Models with an Integrated Antenna.................................................. 6 Table 2 - InfiLINK XG ODU Models with a high-gain Integrated Antenna .................................... 7 Table 3 - InfiLINK XG ODU Connectorized Models ........... Ошибка! Закладка не определена. Table 4 - IDU-BS-G Specifications .............................................................................................. 9 Table 5 - AUX-ODU-INJ-G Specifications ................................................................................. 11 Table 6 - AUX-ODU-LPU-G Specifications ............................................................................... 13 Table 7 - External High-gain Antennas Electrical Specification ................................................. 14 Table 8 - External High-gain Antennas Mechanical Specification .............................................. 14 Table 9 - External High-gain Antennas Environmental Specification ......................................... 15 Table 10 - Data Performance Specification ............................................................................... 15 Table 11 - Radio Technology Specification ............................................................................... 16 Table 12 - Air Protocol Specification ......................................................................................... 17 Table 13 - Wired Interfaces Specification .................................................................................. 17 Table 14 - Networking Specification .......................................................................................... 18 Table 15 - Management Specification ....................................................................................... 18 Table 16 - Electrical Specification ............................................................................................. 18 Table 17 - Physical and Environmental Specification ................................................................ 19 Table 18 - Compliance Specification ......................................................................................... 19 Table 19 - Package list ............................................................................................................. 21 Table 20 - The equipment necessary for initial configuration ..................................................... 42 Table 21 - Acceptable error rates for different applications ....................................................... 46
Contents, Figures and Tables Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG xii Table 22 - Interface Statistics .................................................................................................... 50 Table 23 - General radio link parameters .................................................................................. 51 Table 24 - Wireless Links Statistics ........................................................................................... 53 Table 25- CINR value ranges .................................................................................................... 53 Table 26 - RSSI value ranges ................................................................................................... 53 Table 27 - InfiLINK XG throughput capabilities (laboratory figures) ........................................... 54 Table 28 - Acceptable error rates for different applications ....................................................... 54 Table 29 - Firmware parameters ............................................................................................... 58 Table 30 - Access credentials and Web GUI ............................................................................. 63 Table 31 - SNTP and Time Zone .............................................................................................. 64 Table 32 - GNSS and Location ................................................................................................. 64 Table 33 - Radio settings .......................................................................................................... 68 Table 34 - Port parameters ....................................................................................................... 73 Table 35 - SNMP Access .......................................................................................................... 87 Table 36 - SNMP Traps ............................................................................................................ 87 Table 37 - SNMP Trap Types ................................................................................................... 88 Table 38 - Priority queues mapping .......................................................................................... 89 Table 39 - The wireless link is down ......................................................................................... 97 Table 40 - No access to the local unit ....................................................................................... 97 Table 41 - Expected capacity is not met .................................................................................... 99 Table 42 - Errors on the wireless link, throughput fluctuations .................................................. 99 Table 43 - No data is being transffered ................................................................................... 100
Getting started Chapter 1
Chapter 1 - Getting Started Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 2 1.1. Document structure This document consists of the following chapters: “Getting started” - This chapter presents the information about this document’s purpose and structure “System Description” - This chapter describes the hardware, accessories and technical specifications of the InfiLINK XG unit “Installation” - This chapter describes the steps to be taken when installing the equipment at the installation sites and installation site requirements “Commissioning” - This chapter presents the actions and operations required for the initial setup of an operational point-to-point link using InfiLINK XG units “Operation & Administration” - This chapter presents the functionalities of the web interface, a simple and efficient way to monitor the device status, configure and maintain the equipment “Troubleshooting” - This chapter presents the actions to be followed when investigating an occured problem 1.2. Abbreviations The following abbreviations are used in this document: AC - Alternating Current AMC - Automatic Modulation Control BOM - Bill of Materials BS - Base Station CPE - Customer Premises Equipment DC - Direct Current DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ETH - Ethernet FDD - Frequency Division Duplexing GUI – Graphical User Interface HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol IDU - Indoor Unit IGMP - Internet Group Multicast Protocol LAN - Local Area Network
Chapter 1 - Getting Started Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 3 LED - Light Emitting Diode LOS - Line of Sight LPU - Lightning Protection Unit MIB – Management Information Base MIMO - Multiple Input Multiple Output NLOS - Non-Line of Sight ODU - Outdoor Unit PoE - Power over Ethernet PCP - Priority Code Point PtMP - Point to Multi Point PtP - Point to Point QoS – Quality of Service RF - Radio Frequency SFP - Small Form-factor Pluggable SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol STP - Shielded Twisted Pair TDD - Time Division Duplexing VLAN - Virtual Local Area Network WRR - Weighted Round Robin 1.3. Document marks CAUTION All caution warnings are marked with a special warning sign. One should pay a great deal of attention to what is written in the Caution section. NOTE All notes are marked with a special note sign. Notes usually contain useful comments or hints to the described section of the document.
System Description Chapter 2
Chapter 2 - System Description Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 5 2.1. Introducing InfiLINK XG InfiLINK XG is a proprietary system designed to meet the highest performance standards at sub-7 GHz frequency bands (from 4.9 to 6.4 GHz). It is a high capacity Point-to-Point solution, reaching a peak of 480 Mbps of net throughput in 40 MHz of spectrum and more than 100 Mbps in only 10 MHz. It has superior spectral efficiency of up to 13 bps/Hz and it supports high order modulations, such as QAM256 and QAM1024. InfiLINK XG has full support for internal synchronization either via built-in GLONASS/GPS receiver or via IEEE1588 PTP, making it ideal for applications with tight synchronization constraints like small cell backhauling. Additionaly, a very low constant latency of 0.5 ms is supported for 1 ms air frame period and up to 3 ms for longer air frame period. NOTE Product technical specifications can be obtained from our web site at: http://infinetwireless.com/products/infilink-xg Available with a wide range of integrated antennas, as well as a connectorized version for use with 3rd party external antennas and coupled with improved transmit power and sensitivity, the XG family fits perfectly into a large array of applications such as backhaul in the telecom, ISP or enterprise markets, education, oil and gas, smart cities, video surveillance and public safety. 2.2. Hardware Description The InfiLINK XG device comprises an Outdoor Unit (ODU) and an Indoor Unit to be used with: a) an external antenna providing connected to two N-type ports using low-loss RF cables, or b) an integrated antenna (regular or high-gain integrated antenna options available) and an Indoor Unit (IDU) to build a high-capacity MIMO point-to-point wireless link over long distances. Implemented in a robust all-weather metal enclosure and being IP66/67 compliant, InfiLINK XG equipment can be used to create point-to-point wireless links at distances in excess of 100 Km (depending on country regulations, antenna types, interference, terrain, climate zones, etc.).
Chapter 2 - System Description Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 6 2.2.1. Outdoor Units 2.2.1.1. Integrated Antenna ODU Models Part Number Frequency Band Integrated Antenna Mechanics Xm/5X.500.2x500.2x23 4900-6000 MHz Flat-panel, 23 dBi, 10°x10° Xm/6X.500.2x500.2x24 6000-6425 MHz Flat-panel, 24 dBi, 8.5°x8.5° Table 1 - InfiLINK XG ODU Models with an Integrated Antenna
Chapter 2 - System Description Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 7 Part Number Frequency Band Integrated Antenna Mechanics Xm/5X.500.2x500.2x28 4900-6000 MHz Flat-panel, 28 dBi, 5°x5° Xm/6X.500.2x500.2x27 6000-6425 MHz Flat-panel, 27 dBi, 5°x5° Table 2 - InfiLINK XG ODU Models with a high-gain Integrated Antenna
Chapter 2 - System Description Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 8 2.2.2. Power Supply Units (IDU) 2.2.2.1. IDU-BS-G Power indicator Figure 1 - IDU-BS-G Top View Indoor Gigabit PoE Injector with lightning protection for InfiLINK XG, InfiLINK 2x2 and InfiMAN 2x2 series ODU. Parameter Description Size 125*72*38 mm (L*W*H) Connectors and Interfaces ETH IN - Ethernet input (Data only) ETH OUT - Ethernet output (Data+VDC), PASSIVE PoE PWR - AC Input (100-240 V) Supported Ethernet Modes 10/100/1000Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet pass-through) Output Voltage & Current +56 V, 0.9 A (50.4W Max)
Chapter 2 - System Description Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 9 Parameter Description Ethernet Connectors Pin-out ETH IN: Pin Description 1 Data pair A+ 2 Data pair A- 3 Data pair B+ 4 Data pair C+ 5 Data pair C- 6 Data pair B- 7 Data pair D+ 8 Data pair D- ETH OUT: Pin Description 1 Data pair A+ 2 Data pair A- 3 Data pair B+ 4 +VDC + Data pair C+ 5 +VDC + Data pair C- 6 Data pair B- 7 -VDC + Data pair D+ 8 -VDC + Data pair D- EMC Meet: - FCC Class B - EN55022 Class B Lightning Protection In compliance with: - IEC 61000-4-2 (ESD) 15kV (air), 8kV (contact) - IEC 61000-4-4 (EFT) 40A (tp = 5/50ns) - IEC 61000-4-5 (Lightning) L5, 95A (tp = 8/20us) Table 3 - IDU-BS-G Specifications
Chapter 2 - System Description Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 10 Figure 2 - IDU-BS-G Front Panel Figure 3 - IDU-BS-G Rear Panel 2.2.3. Auxiliary Units 2.2.3.1. DC Power Injector (AUX-ODU-INJ-G) Figure 4 - AUX-ODU-INJ-G Optional indoor/outdoor DC injector with built-in lightning protection. It greatly reduces complexity of the deployment in the cases where DC source is available on the rooftop eliminating the need of weather-sealed cabinets. Parameter Description Size and Weight 34x94x121 mm, 0.28 Kg Connectors and Interfaces ETH IN - Ethernet input
Chapter 2 - System Description Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 11 Parameter Description ETH OUT - Ethernet output (data+VDC, protected leg) PWR - DC Input GND - Ground clamp Supported Ethernet Modes 10/100/1000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet pass-through) Water and Dust Protection IP66 and IP67 DC Range ±43...±56 VDC Ethernet Connectors Pin-out ETH IN: Pin Description 1 Data pair A+ 2 Data pair A- 3 Data pair B+ 4 Data pair B- 5 Data pair C+ 6 Data pair C- 7 Data pair D+ 8 Data pair D- ETH OUT: Pin Description 1 Data pair A+ 2 Data pair A- 3 Data pair B+ 4 +VDC + Data pair B- 5 +VDC + Data pair C+ 6 Data pair C- 7 -VDC + Data pair D+ 8 -VDC + Data pair D- Lightning Protection In compliance with: - GR-1089 - IEC 61000-4-2 (ESD) 15kV (air), 8kV (contact) - IEC 61000-4-4 (EFT) 40A (tp = 5/50ns) - IEC 61000-4-5 (Lightning) L5, 95A (tp = 8/20us) - ETSI ETS 300 386 Table 4 - AUX-ODU-INJ-G Specifications
Chapter 2 - System Description Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 12 2.2.3.2. External Lightning Protection (AUX-ODU-LPU-G) Figure 5 - AUX-ODU-LPU-G Front Panel Optional indoor/outdoor Lightning Protection Unit (LPU) for InfiNet Wireless systems designed to withstand the toughest conditions and protect the outdoor or the indoor unit from sudden power surges induced by lightning strikes. It provides the same level of protection as AUX-ODU-INJ-G. Despite the fact every InfiNet Wireless unit has a built-in lightning protection, AUX-ODU-LPU-G, thanks to its superior GR-1089-grade protection, greatly reduces the risk of replacing damaged devices operating in harsh environments or difficult-to-reach locations. Parameter Description Size and Weight 34x94x121 mm, 0.28 Kg Connectors and Interfaces ETH IN - Ethernet input ETH OUT - Ethernet output (protected leg) GND - ground clamp Supported Ethernet Modes 10/100/1000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet pass-through) Water and Dust Protection IP66 and IP67
Chapter 2 - System Description Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 13 Ethernet Connectors Pin-out ETH IN: Pin Description 1 Data pair A+ 2 Data pair A- 3 Data pair B+ 4 Data pair B- 5 Data pair C+ 6 Data pair C- 7 Data pair D+ 8 Data pair D- ETH OUT: Pin Description 1 Data pair A+ 2 Data pair A- 3 Data pair B+ 4 Data pair B- 5 Data pair C+ 6 Data pair C- 7 Data pair D+ 8 Data pair D- Lightning Protection In compliance with: - GR-1089 - IEC 61000-4-2 (ESD) 15kV (air), 8kV (contact) - IEC 61000-4-4 (EFT) 40A (tp = 5/50ns) - IEC 61000-4-5 (Lightning) L5, 95A (tp = 8/20us) - ETSI ETS 300 386 Table 5 - AUX-ODU-LPU-G Specifications 2.2.4.1. Electrical Parameter Description Frequency Range 4.9-5.15 GHz 5.15-5.9 GHz 5.9-6.1 GHz 5.7-6.5 GHz Gain 32 dBi 34 dBi 34 dBi 35 dBi VSWR, max. 2 : 1 1.7 : 1 2 : 1 1.7 : 1
Chapter 2 - System Description Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 14 3 dB Beam-Width, H-Plane 3° 3° 3° 2.5° 3 dB Beam-Width, E-Plane 3° 3° 3° 2.5° Polarization Dual Polarized, Vertical & Horizontal Cross Polarization, min. -20 dB -25 dB Front to Back Ratio, min. -40 dB Input power, max 100 Watt Input Impedance 50 Ohm Port to Port Isolation, min. -36 dB @ 4.9-5.6 GHz -20 dB @ 5.6-6.1 GHz -35 dB Side Lobes, typ. -18 dB -17 dB Table 6 - External High-gain Antennas Electrical Specification 2.2.4.2. Mechanical Parameter Description Weight 18 Kg Connector 2 x N-Type, Female Diameter (HxDia.) 1200 mm (4ft) Table 7 - External High-gain Antennas Mechanical Specification
Chapter 2 - System Description Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 15 2.2.4.3. Environmental Parameter Description Operating Temperature Range -40°C to +65°C Vibration According to IEC 60721-3-4 Wind Load 200 Km/h (survival) Flammability UL94 Dust and Water Proofing IP-65 Humidity ETS 300 019-1-4, EN 302 085 (annex A.1.1) Salt Fog According to IEC 68-2-11 Ice and Snow 25 mm radial (survival) Table 8 - External High-gain Antennas Environmental Specification 2.3. InfiLINK XG Specifications 2.3.1. Performance Parameter Description Throughput Up to 480 Mbps, net aggregate Packet Performance More than 1 million packets per second (line rate) Latency 0.5-3 ms one-way, typical (depending on air frame period) Table 9 - Data Performance Specification 2.3.2. Radio Parameter Description Modulation Cyclic Single Carrier Modulation Schemes QPSK 1/2 QPSK 3/4
Chapter 2 - System Description Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 16 QAM16 1/2 QAM16 3/4 QAM64 4/6 QAM64 5/6 QAM256 6/8 QAM256 7/8 QAM256 30/32 QAM1024 8/10 Frequency Bands 4.9-6.0GHz 6.0-6.425GHz Channel Widths 10, 20 and 40 MHz Spectral Efficiency Up to 13 bps/Hz Output Power Up to 27 dBm (average, per Tx chain) @ QPSK to QAM64 Up to 25 dBm @ QAM256, Up to 18 dBm @ QAM1024 Receiver Sensitivity -94 dBm @ 10 MHz, QPSK System Gain Up to 177 dB (based on a 28 dBi integrated antenna in 10 MHz channel width) Duplex Scheme TDD, Hybrid-FDD Antenna Integrated: dual-polarization flat panel 23, 24, 26, 27 and 28 dBi (selectable at time of ordering and model-dependent) Connectorized: 2 x N-type (Female) connectors for external dual-polarization antenna Maximal Range In excess of 100 Km in clear line-of-sight conditions, with use of high gain external antennas Table 10 - Radio Technology Specification Parameter Description Airframe Configurable, 1 to 10 ms Uplink/Downlink Ratio Configurable, from 50:50 to 90:10 in any direction
Chapter 2 - System Description Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 17 Parameter Description Automatic Modulation Control Supported Automatic Ranging Supported TDD Synchronization Via built-in GLONASS/GPS receiver or IEEE1588 PTP Table 11 - Air Protocol Specification 2.3.3. Data Communication Parameter Description Ethernet 2x 10/100/1000-BaseT copper ports, RJ-45: - GE0: Data+PoE input - GE1: Data only SFP port: various 3rd party single and multi-mode fiber modules are supported Either of the ports can be configured independently for management, user data or for a hybrid mode PoE 802.3at or InfiNet-proprietary “passive” PoE Cable Length Copper Ethernet cable length: up to 100 m between outdoor unit and the primary network connection Fiber cable length: up to 300 m or more depending on the SFP module type Table 12 - Wired Interfaces Specification Parameter Description QoS 4 queues Prioritization Strict and WRR modes Packet Classification 802.1 p Network Protocols VLAN, STP, IGMP
Chapter 2 - System Description Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 18 Timing Transport IEEE 1588 v2, transparent clock Table 13 - Networking Specification 2.3.4. Configuration Management Parameter Description LED Indication Power status, wireless and wired link status, RSSI indication, TDD sync status Management Protocols HTTP, telnet, SNMP v1/2c/3 (MIB-II and proprietary MIBs) Installation Tools Antenna alignment tool Table 14 - Management Specification 2.3.5. Electrical Characteristics Parameter Description Power Supply IDU-BS-G: 100-240 VAC, 50/60Hz, 0°C to +40°C, I24x72x38 mm, 0.3 Kg Input DC range ±43 to ±56 VDC Consumption Up to a maximum of 30 W PoE type Passive PoE Table 15 - Electrical Specification 2.3.6. Physical Environmental Parameter Description Weight and Dimensions Part Number Weight Size Xm/5X.500.2x500.2x23 2.4 Kg 305x305x59 mm Xm/6X.500.2x500.2x24 Xm/5X.500.2x500.2x26 3.1 Kg 371x371x83 mm Xm/5X.500.2x500.2x28 6.2 Kg 600x600x75 mm Xm/6X.500.2x500.2x27 Um/5X.500.2x500 2.1 Kg 253x240x85 mm Um/6X.500.2x500
Chapter 2 - System Description Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 19 Parameter Description Operating Temperature Range -40°C to +60°C Dust and Water Protection IP66 and IP67 Wind load 160 Km/h (100mph), operational 200 Km/h (125mph), survival Table 16 - Physical and Environmental Specification 2.3.7. Standards and Regulations Parameter Description Safety EN 60950-1:2006, UL 60950-1 2nd ed. Radio EN 301 893, v.1.8.1 EN 302 502, v.1.2.1 FCC part 15.247 EMC ETSI EN 301 489-1 ETSI EN 301 489-17 FCC Part 15 Class B RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC Table 17 - Compliance Specification
Installation Chapter 3
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 21 3.1. Installation Requirements This section describes all the supplies required to install the InfiLINK XG system components and the items included in each installation package. Before the installation, please make sure you have all necessary parts and accessories. 3.1.1. Packing list Component Description InfiLINK XG unit (ODU) - Integrated antenna model or connectorized model according to the Purchase Order Mounting kit - Universal assembling kit for mounting the ODU on standard pole, wall or thick pipe (vertical/horizontal) Indoor power supply (IDU) - The model depends on the ODU model Power supply cord - The model depends on the region, according to the Purchase Order Table 18 - Package list
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 22 3.1.2. Additional Items Required 3.1.2.1. Parts and Materials External antenna (only for the connectorized ODU models) Low-loss RF cables - CAB-RF-1M cable is recommended (only for the connectorized ODU models) Antenna pole (if necessary) Required grounding circuit, including cables and rods (if these are not already in place at the installation site) 3.1.2.2. Tools Screwdrivers set Pliers/Wrenches Spanners set Compass with bearing/azimuth reading 3.1.3. Optional Accessories AUX-ODU-INJ-G DC injector with lightning protection AUX-ODU-LPU-G line protection unit NOTE Accessories are available from InfiNet Wireless. 3.1.4. Precautionary Measures CAUTION Before you start the installation, please read this section very carefully. Antennas are installed on the roof tops or on the building walls. This work must be accomplished only by personnel having special skills and experience in this area. Antennas and cables are electric conductors. Incidental electrostatic strikes may occur during the system installation. This can lead to equipment damage or may hurt the personnel. While installing or changing the elements of the antenna-feeder system, one must make sure that open metal parts are temporarily grounded. Do not install the antenna close to the electric power lines. Antenna and antenna pole have to be installed in such a way that, during their assembling, disassembling and repairing, they do not have any contact with power lines. Basic precautionary measures that must be fulfilled during the installation are as follows:
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 23 - Do not stay on the roof top in windy or rainy weather, during thunderstorms or when the working zone is covered with snow or ice. - Do not touch the antennas, antenna poles, cables and lighting arrestors during thunderstorms - Antenna cable must be grounded at all times. In case of failure, any manipulation of the equipment is allowed to trained personnel only. 3.2. Equipment Positioning Guidelines 3.2.1. Antenna Placement When selecting an antenna placement for PTP link, in order to obtain the maximum link range and performance, LOS must be clear for the path between the two antennas. The radio beam is an invisible form of electromagnetic wave propagation and is not as thin as, for example, a light (or laser) beam. The main energy in a radio beam is concentrated along the straight line between the two antennas, inside an area the shape of an ellipsoid (or a rugby ball). This area is called a 1st Fresnel zone and its exact form and size depends upon the frequency and the signal propagation path length. If most of the 1st Fresnel zone is obstructed, a major part of the radio wave’s electromagnetic energy is lost, which leads to a severe signal quality degradation and, as a result, to decreased coverage range or performance. Below is an incomplete list of possible obstructions on the signal propagation path: Neighboring buildings Trees Bridges Power lines To obtain the best results, it is necessary to perform a precise analysis of the signal propagation path and possible obstructions that may cover the 1st Fresnel zone. NOTE For radio planning and path profile analysis, both the terrain model and clutter layer of the area are required. These are typically provided by professional mapping vendors. For details, please contact InfiNet Wireless. Here are some general recommendations for antenna placement:
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 24 Try to keep the LOS clear of obstructions. In case of installations over vegetation and forest, make sure the direct LOS stays above the trees; in urban environments - above the tallest buildings along the radio path; The influence of trees can be variable, depending on seasons (ice, dew, leaves). Keep in mind that, during spring and summer, leaves can absorb high levels of radio energy. Therefore, when installing during the cold season, over forests and trees without leaves, try to achieve a higher fade margin; Proximity to other antennas should be avoided; Reflecting surfaces should be considered (buildings with reflective windows, water surfaces or wet grounds). These can be useful in NLOS situations, where there is no direct clear path between the 2 antennas, so the radio signal needs to be reflected off a surface. However, these can also decrease the signal quality when encountered along a clear LOS link, because of fading caused by multipath; When installing antennas over water, tune the height bracket within 1-3 meters range variation, because it can yield significant signal level variations due to multipath fading; If seasonal changes influence the signal quality, then the most probable reasons would be either that the connectors are not protected well enough from humidity, or that the cables, connectors or antennas are covered by vegetation during summer or ice during winter. 3.2.2. Mounting Types 3.2.2.1. Pole Mounting Antenna installation is performed on a special facility called antenna pole. The pole is used for strong antenna tightening at the installation site. Poles might have different modifications depending on the installation requirements.
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 25 Figure 6 - Pole mounting 3.2.2.2. Poles with Stretching Usually this kind of poles are used when installing antennas on a flat surface and allow the installer to raise the antenna to a significant height for providing optimal conditions for signal propagation. 3.2.2.3. Wall Mounting This kind of mounting is used when there is no need to elevate the antenna above the rooftop and there is the possibility of mounting it on a wall. This installation is significantly simpler than the implementation with poles. 3.2.2.4. Pole Requirements Easy access and sufficient mechanical durability of the pole should provide quick and reliable fastening in conditions of high wind loads. Poles should have a round profile for ease of azimuth adjustment. Typical pole diameter is 30 to 85 mm.
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 26 3.3. Installing the Outdoor Units 3.3.1. Preparing the RJ-45 Connectors Figure 7 - Ethernet Connector Components Required components: 1. Cable; 2. Shielded RJ-45 connector; 3. Standard RJ-45 connector; 4. Cable gland nut; 5. Split sealing grommet; 6. Cable gland threaded coupling. Pin-out scheme: T568B wiring standards Figure 8 - RJ-45 Connection Step 1 Crimp the regular RJ-45 connector (3) onto the cable using the crimping tool. Do not use the shielded RJ-45 connector (2) on this end of the cable as it should be attached on the IDU end. MAKE SURE THAT THE RJ-45 CONNECTOR IS WELL-CRIMPED. A LOOSE CONNECTOR CAN DAMAGE THE DEVICE. PLEASE NOTE THAT SUCH DAMAGE IS NOT COVERED BY THE WARRANTY. Put the cable gland nut (4), the split sealing grommet (5) and the cable gland threaded coupling (6) onto the pre-terminated cable and insert the split sealing grommet (5) into the cable gland threaded coupling (6).
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 27 Figure 9 - RJ-45 Connection Step 2 - Insert the connector into the socket until you hear a click; - Screw the cable gland threaded coupling (6) into the port and tighten it; - Tighten the cable gland nut (4); - Do not apply excessive force. 3.3.2. Preparing the SFP Connectors Figure 10 - SFP Connector Components Required components: 1. Optical cable; 2. Optical connector; 3. SFP-module; 4. Cable gland nut; 5. Split sealing grommet for optical cable; 6. Cable gland threaded coupling. Put the cable gland nut (4), the split sealing grommet for optical cable (5) and the cable gland threaded coupling (6) onto the pre-terminated optical cable (1,2).
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 28 Figure 11 - SFP Connection Step 1 Figure 12 - SFP Connection Step 2 Set the SFP-module (3) into the socket until you hear a click; Insert the connector (2) into the SFP-module (3).
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 29 Figure 13 - SFP Connection Step 3 Insert the split sealing grommet (5) into the cable gland threaded coupling (6); Screw the cable gland threaded coupling (6) into the port and tighten it; Tighten the cable gland nut (4); Do not apply excessive force. In order to disassemble SFP, disconnect the optical cable, pull the clip of the SFP module and withdraw the SFP module from the slot. 3.3.3. InfiLINK XG - Um 1. Unpack the equipment 2. Check items integrity 3. Initial configuration is required for link establishment 4. Prepare RF cables of the required length. For 5GHz devices, the recommended maximum RF cable length is 1meter 5. Install and seal the connectors on the RF cables 6. Important: Horizontal and Vertical polarization should match each other on both sides!
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 30 Figure 14 - InfiLINK XG - UM ODU Front Panel 1 - Antenna ports 7. Determine the STP cable length that is used to connect IDU and ODU. The total cable length between LAN (behind IDU) and ODU should not be longer than 100 meters. Service cable connecting IDU and ODU should be STP Cat 5E cable 8. If using SFP module, connect it to ODU, plug in the optical cable (the maximum length and type depend on the SFP module type) and seal the connector Figure 15 - InfiLINK XG - Um ODU Installation Procedure 1. Cable gland nut 2. Split sealing grommet 3. Cable gland threaded coupling 4. Optical cable (from 2mm to 3mm) 5. SFP-module (not included in the delivery package) 6. Standard RJ-45 connector 7. GPS antenna port (antenna and cable are not included in the delivery package) 8. Grounding bolt
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 31 9. Install (crimp) regular RJ-45 connector for ODU on the STP cable and seal it. Do not use the shielded RJ-45 connector on this end of the cable, as it should be attached only on the IDU end 10. Lay the STP cable (and the optical cable, if used) “from top to bottom” – from ODU to IDU 11. Install (crimp and solder) shielded RJ-45 connector for IDU on the STP cable 12. Install ODU on the mounting bracket, connectors facing down, and tighten it NOTE It is very important to mount the ODU connectors facing down. 13. Connect the ODU-IDU cable to the ODU 14. Seal the ODU Ethernet connectors 15. Once the antenna and antenna pole are installed they must be properly grounded: connected to the building lightning protection circuit. Antenna’s position must be lower than the highest antenna pole point at least by 1 meter. If antenna is NOT DC-shorted (see antenna technical documentation), additional lightning arrestors must be used which are placed between ODU and antenna and are grounded to the antenna pole grounding circuit 16. Connect the RF cables to the antenna ports, minding the polarization marks. Twist the connectors tightly 17. Connect the RF cables to the ODU ports, after previously having touched the RF cables’ connector case with ODU connector case 18. Seal RF connectors from both sides (ODU and antenna) 19. Connect the STP cable to IDU, after previously having touched IDU connector case with STP cable connector case 20. Provide grounding for IDU 21. Connect Ethernet cable to IDU 22. Connect the IDU to power 23. Connect to the Device using Telnet protocol 3.3.4. InfiLINK XG - Xm 1. Unpack the equipment 2. Check items integrity 3. Determine the STP cable length that is used to connect IDU and ODU. The total cable length between LAN (behind IDU) and ODU should not be longer
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 32 than 100 meters. Service cable connecting IDU and ODU should be STP Cat 5E cable 4. If using SFP module, connect it to ODU, plug in the optical cable (the maximum length and type depend on the SFP module type) and seal the connector Figure 16 - InfiLINK XG - Xm ODU Installation Procedure 1. Cable gland nut 2. Split sealing grommet 3. Cable gland threaded coupling 4. Optical cable (from 2mm to 3 mm) 5. SFP-module (not included in the delivery package) 6. Standard RJ-45 connector 7. GPS antenna port (antenna and cable are not included in the delivery package) 8. Grounding bolt 5. Install (crimp) regular RJ-45 connector for ODU on the STP cable and seal it. Do not use the shielded RJ-45 connector on this end of the cable, as it should be attached only on the IDU end 6. Lay the STP cable (and the optical cable, if used) “from top to bottom” - from ODU to IDU 7. Install (crimp and solder) shielded RJ-45 connector for IDU on the STP cable 8. Install ODU on the mounting bracket, connectors facing down, and tighten it NOTE It is very important to mount the ODU connectors facing down. 9. Connect the ODU-IDU cable to the ODU 10. Seal the ODU Ethernet connectors
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 33 11. Once the ODU and pole are installed they must be properly grounded: connected to the building lightning protection circuit. The ODU position must be lower than the highest pole point at least by 2 ODU heights. 12. Connect the STP cable to IDU, after previously having touched IDU connector case with STP cable connector case 13. Provide grounding for IDU 14. Connect Ethernet cable to IDU 15. Connect the IDU to power 16. Connect to the Device using Telnet protocol 3.3.5. Grounding and Lightning Protection When installing on poles without lightning protection systems, the ODU or external antenna should be placed on the pole at a height that is at least 1 meter below the top of the pole. In this case, there is a significant probability that the lightning strikes the pole and not the ODU or antenna. The pole should be properly grounded: connected to the building lightning protection circuit according to your local regulations. When lightning strikes the external antenna, the current goes through the coaxial cable to the ODU case, which is connected through the ODU clamp to the pole - the pole is grounded. The direct lightning strike to the STP service cable (ODU-IDU) is partially terminated on the grounded IDU case. Partial termination means that the direct lightning strike will probably destroy an STP cable. The service cable pickups from the electromagnetic impulses are terminated on the IDU case by the winding shield, and further - on the IDU grounding. NOTE The end of the STP service cable that is connected to IDU should be assembled with a shielded RJ-45 connector. The other end of the STP service cable (connected to ODU) should be assembled with unshielded (standard) RJ-45 connector. IDU is grounded via a three-conductor power cord and a grounded socket. The data & power wires pickups are terminated via IDU protection scheme (three-conductor power cord and a grounded socket). NOTE Antenna pole, tower, ODU and lightning arrestor should be connected to the first common grounding circuit. Grounding cables should be no less than 10AWG thick and must use corrosion-resistant connectors. IDU and the customer LAN should be grounded to the second common grounding circuit. Special attention should be paid if the antenna used is not DC-shorted. In this case, an additional lightning arrestor should be used between the antenna and ODU. The suggested grounding diagram is shown in the picture below.
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 34 Building grounding circuit LAN switchIDUODU220VThree-wire power cable should be used to ground the IDUAntenna poleA separate grounded protection device should be installed between the ODU and the antenna, on each of the 2 RF cables, in case the antenna has no DC-short protection circuit.STP Cat.5eRF CablesUTP/STP Cat.5ePole groundingODU Grounding clamp Figure 17 - Grounding Connections Schematics when Using IDU-BS-G 3.3.6. Grounding when Using AUX-ODU-INJ-G AUX-ODU-INJ-G is an optional accessory which may be used to connect third-party DC power sources to the ODU (for example, to power the unit from solar power or wind power sources). AUX-ODU-INJ-G should be properly grounded.
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 35 Figure 18 - AUX-ODU-INJ-G Connecting and Sealing Procedure 1 - Cable gland nut; 2 - Sealing grommet; 3 - Cable gland threaded coupling; 4 - Standard RJ-45 connector; 5 - Shielded RJ-45 connector; 6 - Power connector. Figure 19 - AUX-ODU-INJ-G Mounting and Grounding Procedure 1 - Cable gland; 2 - Clamps; 3 - Grounding bolt. The grounding and lightning protection initial procedures when using AUX-ODU-INJ-G are similar to those when using regular IDU. First, please read the instructions from previous section 3.3.5. The current section outlines only the differences in grounding connections schematics, when connecting AUX-ODU-INJ-G:
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 36 Building grounding circuitLAN switchODUAntenna pole A separate grounded protection device should be installed between the ODU and the antenna, on each of the 2 RF cables, in case the antenna has no DC-short protection circuit.STP Cat.5e43...56V DCAUX-ODU-INJ-GPole groundingRF cablesODU Grounding clamp Figure 20 - Grounding Connections Schematics when Using AUX-ODU-INJ-G Figure 21 - AUX-ODU-INJ-G power connector - Press on these catchers (1) when the cable is terminated; - Use the round cable with diameter from 5mm to 6mm with conductor cross-section from 0.5mm to 2.5mm; - Cat 5e FTP cable may be used. 3.3.7. Grounding when Using AUX-ODU-LPU-G AUX-ODU-LPU-G is an optional accessory which may be used to serve as a line protection unit for the ODU and for the indoor network equipment connected to the Ethernet port of the IDU. AUX-ODU-LPU-G should be properly grounded.
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 37 Figure 22 - AUX-ODU-LPU-G Connecting and Sealing Procedure 1 - Cable gland nut; 2 - Sealing grommet; 3 - Cable gland threaded coupling; 4 - Standard RJ-45 connector; 5 - Shielded RJ-45 connector. Figure 23 - AUX-ODU-LPU-G Mounting and Grounding Procedure 1 - Cable gland; 2 - Clamps; 3 - Grounding bolt. The grounding and lightning protection initial procedures when using AUX-ODU-LPU-G are similar to those when using regular IDU. First, please read the instructions from section 3.3.5. The current section outlines only the differences in grounding connections schematics, when connecting AUX-ODU-LPU-G:
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 38 Building grounding circuitLAN switchIDUODU220VThree-wire power cable should be used to ground the IDUAntenna poleA separate grounded protection device should be installed between the ODU and the antenna, on each of the 2 RF cables, in case the antenna has no DC-short protection circuit.STP Cat.5eAUX-ODU-LPU-GAUX-ODU-LPU-GShort distance (mount upper AUX-ODU-LPU-G close to ODU)Long distance (the majority of IDU-ODU cable run should be between the 2 AUX-ODU-LPU-G)Short distance (mount lower AUX-ODU-LPU-G close to IDU)Pole groundingRF cablesODU Grounding clampETH OUTUTP/STP Cat.5e Figure 24 - Grounding Connections Schematics when Using AUX-ODU-LPU-G For maximum protection of the ODU, IDU and customer LAN devices, use 2 AUX-ODU-LPU-G connected as shown in the diagram. The purpose of the LPU at the top is to protect the ODU from a surge of lightning strike which can hit the long STP cable run along the height of the pole or on the roof of the building. The purpose of the LPU at the bottom is to protect the IDU and customer equipment. Make sure to install the 2 LPU devices in the correct polarity, as shown in the diagram: top LPU with ETH OUT facing the ODU and bottom LPU with ETH OUT facing the IDU, and the 2 LPU units connected to each other via ETH IN. Install each LPU as close as possible to the device it protects. The cable length between the top LPU and ODU should be minimum, as well as the cable length
Chapter 3 - Installation Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 39 between bottom LPU and IDU. Keep most of the IDU-ODU STP cable length between the two LPU devices. 3.3.8. Antenna Alignment Prior to the antenna alliagnment activity, perform the radio planning activity using either InfiNet Wireless Link Planner tool (http://linkplanner.infinetwireless.com), your own RF planning tool or ordering InfiNet Wireless Professional Services. To obtain maximum system performance, antennas must be precisely aligned towards one another according to LOS requirements. General recommendations for antenna alignment are as follows: Align antennas using optical equipment (binoculars, spyglass) accompanied by mobile phone actions coordination; Use GPS receiver, compass and area map; Use build-in InfiNet Wireless Device features. These features allow for the evaluation of the current channel and signal quality and are a powerful aid in performing precise antenna alignment. Antenna polarization must be taken into account while installing. Please check the corresponding labeling on the antenna and refer to the antenna technical documentation. 3.4. Installing the Indoor Unit Shielded RJ45 connectorUnshielded RJ45 connectorACLANSTP Cat5e cable Figure 25 - Connection Scheme for IDU-BS-G
Commissioning Chapter 4
Chapter 4 - Commissioning Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 41 4.1. Introduction In order to initially setup an operational point-to-point link using InfiLINK XG units, you must run the procedure described below. 4.2. Step by step procedure Step 1 - Perform site survey - Determine line of sight conditions and obstacles along the path - Perform spectrum analysis and figure out spectrum occupation and available channels - Use InfiNet Wireless Link Planner tool (http://linkplanner.infinetwireless.com) to estimate link performance and required configuration in terms of antennas, channel width, Tx power, etc. Step 2 - Pre-configure the units in the lab The equipment list required for lab configuration and on site installation is: Component Description 2 x InfiLINK XG unit (ODU) - Available in InfiLINK XG BOM 2 x mounting kit - Available in InfiLINK XG BOM 2 x indoor power supply (IDU) - Available in InfiLINK XG BOM
Chapter 4 - Commissioning Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 42 2 x power supply cord - Available in InfiLINK XG BOM 1 x laptop - Not available in InfiLINK XG BOM 3 x Ethernet patch cords - Not available in InfiLINK XG BOM Table 19 - The equipment necessary for initial configuration In the lab and later on site perform the connections as indicated below: - Connect the power cord between the GE0 port of the XG unit and the splitter port of the PoE injector - Connect the Ethernet patch cord between the Laptop and the switch port of the PoE injector - Connect the PoE injector to an AC power supply using the power cord ETH patchETH patchPower cordPoE injectorInfiLINK XGAC Figure 26 - Connectivity to the unit
Chapter 4 - Commissioning Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 43 NOTE The PoE port of the IDU must be only connected to the GE0 port of the InfiLINK XG unit Spectrum analyzer tool would be added to future firmware versions After the physical connections are completed, access each unit to the default IP address 10.10.10.1 with mask 255.255.255.0 via web browser. Make sure that the Ethernet port of the Laptop has an IP address assigned from the same network class as the one for the InfiLINK XG unit (for example, set 10.10.10.50 with mask 255.255.255.0). Use any letters or numbers for initial authentication, for example: - User name: login - Password: password NOTE After the initial login to the units, it is recommended to change the user and password to more secure permanent values Upgrade the units to the newest firmware available in order to benefit of the latest features implemented. You can directly upgrade to the latest firmware available as described in section 5.5.1. Another option is to download the firmware from the ftp address ftp://ftp.infinet.ru/pub/Firmware/XG/H12 and then the upgrade can be performed via Web interface as described in section 5.5.2. The last step is to connect to each unit separately and configure the radio link parameters according to the planning previously performed. Initially the status of the radio link is down like below. Figure 27 - Initial status of the link
Chapter 4 - Commissioning Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 44 In the Web interface, go to the Radio page and perform the following configuration: - Set one unit as Master and another one as Slave - Set the uplink and downlink frequencies which should match on both units - Set the same channel width on both units from the range: 10, 20 or 40 MHz - Set the air frame period to match on both units (1, 2, 5 or 10 ms); shorter air frame translates into lower latency and longer air frame means higher throughput - Set the link ID between 0 and 15 to match at both ends of the links - Set the maximum distance in meters (initial setting is recommended to exceed more the actual distance for 300…400 meters) - Set the Tx power for each unit between 0 and 27 dBm NOTE The detailed description for each radio setting in the Radio page can be found in section 5.6.3 of this document CAUTION Please note that the following parameters must have the same values at each of the two units in the PtP link; otherwise the wireless link between them won’t be established: Downlink/uplink frequency channels Channel width Air frame period Downlink/uplink ratio Max distance Link Id Save the configuration, reboot both units and check if they link up after reboot. The link status should be “UP” and the radio statistics should indicate the capabilities and quality of the link.
Chapter 4 - Commissioning Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 45 Figure 28 - Link UP status Step 3 - Perform initial alignment on site - Install both units on the masts and roughly direct them at each other (the detailed installation steps can be checked at section 3.3 of this document) - Turn them on and check that the wireless link will be established using RF link led indicator - Perform coarse alignment using built-in signal strength indicators - Perform fine alignment using the Alignment tool available in the Web interface. Try to maximize CINR and RSSI readings. Please follow the detailed indications from section 5.4 for a proper antenna alignment NOTE If “Absolute RSSI” value goes above -40 dBm, decrease Tx power at the opposite side in order to keep it within -40...-50 dBm for the best performance. Step 4 - Optimize the link performance - Adjust Maximal link distance parameter based on the measured distance. NOTE Check measured link distance from the Status page and adjust the Max distance setting by adding 200-300 m to the measured value. - Monitor air block error rate by checking the Acc TBER parameter in the Status page and adjust the AMC strategy if necessary. NOTE Acceptable error rate depends on the application. See some examples in the table below.
Chapter 4 - Commissioning Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 46 Application Acceptable error rate TCP-based applications (web, FTP, etc.) 10-4 Voice-over-IP 10-5 UDP video (CCTV, IPTV, etc) 10-6 TDM-over-IP 10-7..10-9 Table 20 - Acceptable error rates for different applications Automatic Modulation Control (AMC) can be adjusted due to customers requirements. “Normal” AMC strategy is enabled by default. “Aggressive” AMC strategy has been designed to maximize the throughput by utilizing higher-order modulation schemes and reducing SNR margins. “Conservative” AMC strategy increases SNR margins, so that lower order MCSs are used in order to keep error rates to the minimum. It is recommended to use “Normal” strategy initially and adjust it based on target and actual TBER values. - Fine tune the Tx power in order to optimize the CINR and RSSI values; these parameters can be monitored in real time from the Status page and the recommendation is to keep the RSSI between -40…-60 dBm and the CINR higher than 30 dB - Select the most appropriate air frame period NOTE The system supports a number of different frame periods between 1 and 10 ms. 1 ms frame period gives the lowest latency (from 500 µs one-way), while 10 ms frame period has lowest overheads and thus maximum throughput will be by approximately 12% better for the same MCS. Due to overheads, 1 ms frame period has significantly higher distance penalty compared to 10 ms: at 100 Km maximum throughput decreases by 7% at 10 ms and by 75% at 1 ms. So air frames higher than 2 ms allow using the link at higher distances.
Operation & Administration Chapter 5
5.1. Introduction Web interface is a friendly management tool of the InfiLINK XG unit. Using Web interface, you can easily: Monitor device interfaces statistics Monitor radio link statistics View and change device configuration Perform device maintenance Perform antenna alignment 5.2. InfiLINK XG unit access Web management is enabled by default so, in order to access the unit via Web browser (start the graphical user interface), type in the address bar: http://<unit IP address>. NOTE The default management IP address is 10.10.10.1/24 and it can be used for initial login. Make sure you have network connectivity to the unit. NOTE The system allows concurrent login sessions via Web interface. On the login page, you can type any username and any password and click Login. For example, “User name: user” and “Password: pass” like below. Figure 29 - Web GUI login
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 49 NOTE Please change the credentials you have just inserted with a permanent username and password for it after the first log in. The default language is English. After the authentication step, the language can be changed into Russian, French, Italian or Chinese. You can access the unit via HTTPS (HTTP with SSL only) using InfiNet Wireless self-signed certificate (from the Maintenance menu of Web interface). The «HTTPS Connection» link is available in the right side of the «Login» button like in the picture above. 5.3. Status The Status page is displayed by default after the authentication step. It displays the main parameters of the unit in real-time. Figure 30 - Status page You can set the "Auto Refresh" option to refresh the statistics automatically. The “Auto refresh” is available in the bottom-left side of the Status page, along with the «Show GNSS Statistics» button. If GNSS is in use and GNSS monitoring is enabled, its statistics can be queried by clicking on «Show GNSS Statistics». On the bottom-right side of the Status page the «Clear All Counters» button is present with the scope of resetting the counter values to 0 when clicked on.
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 50 CAUTION Clearing these counters by clicking on the «Clear All Counters» button means losing the history data about the functionality of your unit. Avoid this operation unless you are completely sure you don’t need this data in the future. The Status page has the following sections: Interface Statistics - displays the main parameters of all configured interfaces (physical and logical) Wireless Link Statistics - displays the main parameters of the radio link 5.3.1. Interface Statistics Parameter Description Port Displays all physical and logical set interfaces Status Displays for each interface whether it is “up and running” or not Mode Displays the operation mode for the GE ports: - 10,100 or 1000 Mbps and half or full duplex Packets Rx/Tx Displays the number of received and transmitted packets for each interface since the unit is operational or since the counters were last reset Errors Rx/Tx Displays the number of received and transmitted error packets for each interface since the unit is operational or since the counters were last reset Load (Kbps) Rx/Tx Displays the packet flow through each interface in real-time (for the system and the data traffic) expressed in Kbps Load (pps) Rx/Tx Displays the packet flow through each interface in real-time (for the system and the data traffic) expressed in packets per second (pps) Table 21 - Interface Statistics Additional statistics about the network packet types and error types for reception/transmission are displayed by clicking on any of the interfaces:
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 51 Figure 31 - Additional interface statistics 5.3.2. Wireless Link Statistics This section is divided in the following two areas: General radio link parameters - displays the following information: Parameter Description Wireless Link Status Displays the status of the radio link which can be “Up” or “Down” Measured Distance Displays the measured distance of the radio link in meters If the remote end stats is disabled, the measured distance is only shown at the slave unit Channel Width Displays the channel bandwidth that is in use DL/UL Ratio Displays actual downlink/uplin ratio Table 22 - General radio link parameters NOTE The actual DL/UL ratio might different to the specified in the configuration because of air protocol limitations. The system automatically chooses the closest possible value to the requested one
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 52 Real time radio link status - displays the following parameters of the radio link in real time for both the local and remote unit: Parameter Description Tx capacity Displays the maximum transmission capacity expressed in Kbps for the current modulation and coding scheme; if the MCS changes, the Tx capacity will also change accordingly Tx Frequency Displays the center Tx frequency expressed in MHz Tx/Rx Frames Displays the number of transmitted and received air frames Rx Bad frames Displays the number of air frames received with errors for which the Control Block cannot be correctly decoded Rx Acc FER Displays the Frame Error Ratio, meaning the percentage of frame loss (air frames that cannot be decoded divided by the total number of air frames received) Tx parameters MCS Displays the modulation and coding scheme that is in use at Tx side. There are 10 MCS schemes available and if the AMC is set to auto, the MCS will dynamically change its value based on the link quality (at both units - local and remote) For example, for QAM256 7/8 (8), “QAM256” is the modulation in use, “7/8” is the coding scheme in use (for every 7 data bits encoder produces 8 bits to be sent over the air) and “(8)” represents the index of the MCS in use Power Displays the current power level of the Tx signal for each radio chain in dBm Rx parameters MCS Displays the modulation and coding scheme that is in use at Rx side. The representation is similar to that for Tx part CINR Displays Carrier to Interference and Noise Ratio measured in downlink and expressed in dB CINR can be limited either due to too low signal level or because of the interference from other radios AMC algorithm makes its decisions based on the CINR
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 53 Parameter Description value Higher CINR is better RSSI Displays the Received Signal Strength Indicator measured in downlink and expressed in dBm Represents the power of the received signal as a whole (useful signal plus noise and interferences) and if it goes below the level of the sensitivity, the link will go down Acc TBER Displays the Transport Block Error Ratio, showing the percentage of errored transport blocks Each application has an acceptable air block error rate defined as a minimum requirement The values are presented in the table below Table 23 - Wireless Links Statistics CINR and RSSI are very important in analyzing the link performance. Below there are the guidelines for CINR and RSSI levels: CINR (dB) Comment 5…12 Very low quality signal suitable for low-order modulations only. It is highly recommended to improve signal quality by selecting less congested channel or increasing signal level 13…19 Low signal quality, average modulations are available 20…27 Average signal quality >=28 Very good quality signal suitable for highest-order modulations Table 24- CINR value ranges RSSI (dBm) Comment -90…-80 Close to the receiver sensitivity level, suitable only for the lowest modulation levels; it is highly recommended to improve signal level or switch to narrower available channel width in order to avoid the loss of connectivity -80…-60 Average input range -60…-40 The recommended range for achieving best performance >-40 Input signal level is too high, it is recommended to decrease the Tx power in order to avoid possible damage of the radio module of the remote unit Table 25 - RSSI value ranges
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 54 The maximum Tx capacity varies based on the MCS in use. The table below specifies the relation between the MCS and the maximum capacity: Channel width 10 MHz 20 MHz 40 MHz Air frame period 1 ms 10 ms 1 ms 10 ms 1 ms 10 ms Modulation, coding rate Throughput, Mbps QAM256 30/32 98 119 200 241 435 477 QAM256 7/8 92 110 186 225 401 440 QAM256 3/4 78 94 159 192 343 377 QAM64 5/6 65 77 132 159 284 312 QAM64 2/3 51 61 105 126 226 249 QAM16 3/4 38 45 77 94 168 185 QAM16 1/2 24 29 51 61 110 121 QPSK 3/4 17 21 37 45 81 89 QPSK 1/2 11 12 24 29 52 57 Table 26 - InfiLINK XG throughput capabilities (laboratory figures) The minimum TBER requirement for specific applications: Application Acceptable error rate TCP-based applications (web, FTP, etc.) 10-4 Voice-over-IP 10-5 UDP video (CCTV, IPTV, etc) 10-6 TDM-over-IP 10-7...10-9 Table 27 - Acceptable error rates for different applications
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 55 5.4. Antenna alignment The graphical antenna alignment tool allows to visualize the signal characteristics on both sides of the link in order to make the antenna alignment process more accurate and easier. The accuracy of the antenna alignment at the neighbor device is very important for the link quality. By clicking the «Start Test»/«Stop Test» buttons at the bottom of the page, you can start/stop the alignment test. By clicking the «Clear History» button, you delete all data stored from the moment you clicked the «Start Test» button. Once the test is started, the antenna alignment can be monitored using the graphic and text indicators. The indicators for both local and remote devices are displayed together in the same page which allows viewing the alignment process for both sides of the link. Each side of the link (local and remote) has two similar test indicator sets, corresponding to each antenna polarization (one for Vertical polarization and another for Horizontal). This allows controlling the alignment process for each antenna polarization for the local and for the remote device simultaneously. Figure 32 - Antenna alignment tool
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 56 The text indicators are: RSSI - indicates absolute level of the received radio signal (measured in dBm) Crosstalk - indicates how much the vertically and horizontally polarized signals interfere each other (measured in dB) CINR - indicates the signal quality (for example, how strong is the carrier signal compared to the noise plus interference level, measured in dB) Graphical indicator: The main indicator is the Input Signal stripe. The height of the Input Signal stripe is measured in dBm by the RSSI scale. The higher the stripe is, the stronger the signal is. The stripe may change its position along the Crosstalk scale, showing how much influence the corresponding device antenna has (for example, how much vertically and horizontally polarized signals influence each other). The higher the value of the stripe according to the Crosstalk scale (the farther stripe is from the 0 dB value), the less influence the antennas have on each other. Figure 33 - Alignment test - graphical indicator The top of the Input Signal stripe can be located in black (Good signal) or red (Bad signal) background areas or somewhere in between them. This means the signal is good, bad or average correspondingly. When aligning the antenna, it is recommended to try achieving the stripe top to be located in the black area. At the bottom of the Input Signal stripe may appear a special red sub-stripe. This sub-stripe indicates the presence of the packet retries and the percentage of the total number of transmitted packets.
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 57 During the alignment test, the Input Signal stripe may change its position along the Cross Fading scale and increase or decrease in height, indicating the changes in the received signal. When the top of the stripe changes its location, moving from one point on the background area to another, it leaves pink and blue marks behind, indicating the maximum and minimum measured levels of the signal at a particular point. Thus, it makes possible to observe the “history” of the signal changes. You can clear the marks by clicking the «Clear History» button at the bottom of the page. Main recommendations when using the “Antenna Alignment Tool”: RSSI level should be between -40 dBm and -60 dBm If RSSI level is more than -40 dBm, it is recommended to decrease Tx power CINR should be maximized during alignment Crosstalk should be as far as possible from 0 dB The top of an Input Signal stripe should be located in the black area Input signals of the two antennas of the device should have similar Cross fading values (Input Signal stripes should be symmetrically to the value of 0 dB) ALL described recommendations are applicable to both (Local and Remote) sections. 5.5. Maintenance The Maintenance menu allows you to perform service tasks for the device and to check the hardware and software version, reason for the last reboot, system uptime, current configuration, license, diagnostic card, etc. Maintenance page has the following sections: Firmware Upload Download Bottom section of the page with the «Reboot», «Restore Factory Settings», «View Current License», «View Current Configuration» and «Create Diagnostic Card» buttons available
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 58 5.5.1. Firmware Figure 34 - Firmware Parameter Description Firmware Version Displays the current firmware version The firmware string contains also the hardware platform type Build Date Displays the firmware build date Serial Number Displays the serial number of the unit Part Number Displays the part number of the unit It contains information about the unit type Platform Displays the processor model Uptime Displays the system up time since the last reboot Last Reboot Reason Displays the reason for the last reboot of the unit The options are: - Software fault - Unexpected restart - Manual restart - Manual delayed restart - Firmware upgrade - SNMP managed restart - Test firmware loaded - Watchdog - Panic (in case of critical errors in the software) Table 28 - Firmware parameters
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 59 By clicking on the “Download Certificate for upgrade over SSL” link, you can download InfiNet Wireless self-signed certificate. This allows you to upgrade the unit software version when you are connected to the Web interface via HTTPS. If Internet connectivity is available for the management PC, the InfiLINK XG unit checks automatically for the firmware updates at the InfiNet Wireless repository and displays a warning message for 10 s each time you go to the Maintenance page if a new software version is available: Figure 35 - New firmware warning message NOTE It is not mandatory that the unit to have access to the Internet for this feature to work. However, the PC that is used to initialize the upgrade procedure must have access to InfiNet Wireless website (both http and ftp). Two action buttons are available in the Firmware section: «Check Latest Release»: if you click this button, a text box will appear with brief information about each firmware release, displaying the latest firmware available. You can perform directly upgrade to the latest release available by clicking the «Upgrade Firmware» button or you can save the newest firmware by clicking the «Save New Firmware» button. In order to hide the information just displayed, you can click the «Hide Update» button.
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 60 Figure 36 - Check latest release options «Check Latest Beta»: if you click this button, the latest beta firmware version available will be displayed. The options are the same like for the «Check Latest Release» button, you can either upgrade or save the latest beta firmware by clicking the corresponding button. 5.5.2. Upload The Upload section allows you to upload different license, firmware and configuration files to the unit. For each of the three options, click on the «Browse» button, followed by the «Upload» button after the file has been picked up. After clicking on the «Upload» button, the system performs three operations: uploading, saving and validating the new file uploaded and indicates if each of the operation succeeded or failed. In case that the process succeeded, you have to reboot the unit in order to apply the new changes. 5.5.3. Download The Download section allows you to open or download locally, to the management PC, the current license, firmware and configuration files, by clicking on the corresponding buttons: «Download License», «Download Firmware» and «Download Configuration». 5.5.4. Bottom section of the page The following buttons are available:
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 61 «Reboot» button - reboots the device. A warning message pops up asking for confirmation before the operation can start. During the restart process, you are redirected to the login page and the timeout period of 45 seconds counts down before the new login: Figure 37 - Unit reboot «Restore Factory Settings» button - restores the factory default configuration. A warning message pops up, asking for the permission before the operation to start. During the reset to factory process, you are redirected to the login page and the timeout period of 30 seconds counts down before the new login «View Current License» button - shows the currents device license parameters in a new window «View Current Configuration» button - shows the currents device configuration in text format in a new window «Create Diagnostic Card» button - Tech Support Reports Generator. By clicking on this button, the system downloads to the local PC a text file that contains the complete information (for the technical support specialists) set from the device such as: full device configuration listing, system log output, license information, interfaces statistics, etc. Figure 38 - How to create a diagnostic card
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 62 5.6. Settings In the Settings section you can set and edit the parameters related to the functionality of the unit. The following configuration pages are available: General Network Access Radio Switch SNMP 5.6.1. General In this page, you can view and edit the basic system settings. NOTE Read the information at the end of the Settings section in order to find out the output of the «Apply», «Try» and buttons for the new configuration performed. Figure 39 - General page The general page is divided in the following sections: Access Credentials and Web GUI
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 63 General System Parameter Description Device Name You can set the device name This parameter is displayed in the web-page header User Name Displays the username (Login) used to access the unit management interfaces You can change the current username User Password and Confirm Password You can change the password set in the previous configuration only after unmarking the option “keep current system password" in the corresponding checkbox You can return to the default settings for Password and User Name (any values with non-zero length) by unmarking the checkbox “Keep current system password” and leaving the corresponding fields empty and save the configuration at the bottom of the page Guest User Name You can set the guest user name for accessing the unit in guest mode. The user name and password in the previous fields for normal login should be specified first. If they are not specified, the guest user name will not take effect The guest mode allows access to the unit in a restrictive mode: only the device status can be seen and no configuration modifications are available WEB Interface language You can change the default system language (English) into Russian, French, Italian or Chinese language Keep current system password If this checkbox is unselected, you can set new credentials for accessing the unit, if checked, this option will keep the current login password in use HTTPS only You can set that all HTTP connections to the unit to perform via HTTPS (HTTP with SSL only) by marking the option “HTTPS only” in the corresponding checkbox By default, this option is disabled Table 29 - Access credentials and Web GUI SNTP and Time Zone General System Description
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 64 Parameter Start SNTP You can start SNTP service by marking the option “Start SNTP” in the corresponding checkbox By default, this option is disabled SNTP IP Address You can set the IP address of a valid SNTP server The unit must have an active connection with the SNTP server in order to receive time services Time Zone You can set the time zone. For example, GMT+4 Table 30 - SNTP and Time Zone GNSS and Location General System Parameter Description GNSS Antenna Power Turn on the power of the antenna amplifier By default, it is disabled GNSS Monitoring Start/stop the GPS service By default, the GPS service is started Latitude You can set the latitude of the geographical place where the unit is installed GPS latitude format is [N/S]YY.YYYYYY Use the Google Map feature to automatically fill in this field (follow the indications below) Longitude You can set the longitude of the geographical place where the unit is installed GPS longitude format is [E/W]XX.XXXXXX Use the Google Map feature to automatically fill in this field (follow the indications below) Table 31 - GNSS and Location Click on the «Open Map» button to open the Google map:
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 65 Figure 40 - Google Map Type the location name in the Address bar, click on the «Find» button to search for it and then move to the exact location where the unit is installed. Double click in that position on the map and the Google pointer (see picture above) will be placed there. After clicking on the «Ok» button, “Latitude” and “Longitude” fields are automatically filled in with the GPS coordinates. 5.6.2. Network Access The Network Access page allows you to perform general networking configuration settings and it is divided in the following two sections: Network settings - allows you to configure the IP address of the unit, to specify a VLAN ID to pass and to enable or disable the DHCP for the IP address allocation. Multiple IP addresses can be added Figure 41 - Network settings section Routing parameters - allows you to configure the routing information for the unit. You can input the default gateway IP address and add a route to a specific destination by specifying the destination network address, the network mask and the gateway for reaching the destination
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 66 Figure 42 - Routing parameters NOTE Read the information at the end of the Settings section in order to find out the output of the «Apply», «Try» and buttons for the new configuration performed. 5.6.3. Radio The radio page is divided in two sections: Radio settings - allows you to configure general radio parameters and features: - General parameters - Radio Front End - Modulation - Radio frame Frequency Grid and Limitations - specifies the default and custom frequency domains for each bandwidth (10 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz). 5.6.3.1. Radio settings The following radio parameters can be configured under the Radio settings section: Radio parameter Description Node Type Set the node type to Master or Slave In the point-to-point link, one unit must be set to Master and the other one to Slave QoS Strategy You can use this parameter to select the traffic prioritization strategy. The following options are
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 67 Radio parameter Description available: - “normal” provides a balance between packet loss and throughput. It is used by default. - “aggressive” gives maximum throughput with a minor priority packet loss allowed - “conservative” assures no priority packet loss, but with small decline in the peak throughput - “off” disables prioritization Link ID Use this parameter to avoid connecting a unit to a wrong peer if there are several co-located units using the same center frequency Specify different ID values for different link. Both ends of the same link must have the same ID. The value range is 0…15 in increments of 1 Downlink Frequency Allows you to configure the downlink center frequency in MHz (can be different from the UL frequency for the models which support H-FDD) Downlink Frequency refers to the set frequency for communication in downlink direction - from the Master unit to the Slave unit Uplink Frequency Allows you to configure the uplink center frequency in MHz (can be different from the DL frequency for the models which support H-FDD) Uplink Frequency refers to the set frequency for communication in uplink direction - from the Slave unit to the Master unit Channel Width Allows you to configure the channel width (in MHz). The possible values are: 10, 20 or 40 MHz Transmit Power Allows you to configure the transmit power level (in dBm). The value range is 0…27 dBm in increments of 1 dBm Maximal MCS Allows you to configure the maximum MCS that can be used AMC Strategy Allows you to select the AMC algorithm strategy: - “conservative” assumes using higher CINR thresholds in order to minimize the error rate
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 68 Radio parameter Description - “aggressive” lowers the thresholds in order to use higher modulation levels and thus increase the throughput - “normal” represents a balance between the error rate and throughput values TDD Synchronization Allows you to configure the TDD synchronization source: - “freerun” unsynchronized frame start - “gnss” synchronization from built-in GPS/GLONASS receiver Frame period (ms) Allows you to set the air frame period duration (in ms). The value range is 1, 2, 5 or 10 ms - A shorter frame period gives lower latency, but also has higher overheads - Using longer frame periods cuts down overheads, but increases the latency - Also, air frames higher than 2 ms allow using the link at higher distances Requested Downlink Quota (%) Allows you to set the desired downlink/uplink ratio through specifying the downlink subframe period relative to the whole frame. The value range of the parameter is 10…90 in increments of 1 Actual downlink/uplink ratio might be different due to internal system limitations. The system chooses the closest available ratio automatically which can be checked in the Status page or by checking the output of the “xg capabilities” command Max Distance (meters) Allows you to specify the maximum link distance (in meters) The specified value must not be lower than the actual link distance, but it is recommended keep it as close as possible to the actual distance to avoid unnecessary overheads The recommended strategy is to set this parameter well above the actual distance and fine-tune it to actual distance plus 200-300 m after the units have been deployed based on the measured distance value taken from “xg stat” output Table 32 - Radio settings
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 69 CAUTION Setting the source of synchronization takes effect only for the Master unit CAUTION Make sure that the built-in GNSS receiver is set up before enabling the “gnss” option (use “gps” command to check the status - it is recommended to use values of “HDOP” parameter up to 1.5 for reliable global timing synchronization) CAUTION Please note that the following settings must be equal for the co-located units: Channel width Maximal distance Air frame period Downlink/uplink ratio All co-located units must be Master units 5.6.3.2. Frequency Grid and Limitations The licensed frequencies range per each bandwidth is displayed in the “Default Frequency Limitation” fields: For 10 MHz bandwidth: value range between 4905...5995 MHz in increments of 10 MHz For 20 MHz bandwidth: value range between 4910...5990 MHz in increments of 20 MHz For 40 MHz bandwidth: value range between 4920...5980 MHz in increments of 20 MHz Figure 43 - Default frequency grids Changes to these default values can be performed in the “Custom Frequency Grid” fields, whre you can: Limit the licensed frequencies range per each bandwidth
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 70 Change the center frequency step (for example, 4950-5900/2.5 means that the step between the center frequencies from 4950 GHz and 5900 GHz is 2.5 MHz): Figure 44 - Custom frequency grids The step must be >= 1 MHz and the frequencies range (determined by the license) cannot be exceeded.
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 71 5.6.4. Switch The switch page allows you to configure the ports of the unit and the switching related features. GE0I/QGE1External portsInternal portsMGMTRADIO7 port managed Ethernet switchApplication processor(OS WANFleX)ModemControl pathDatal pathTransceiverExternal portsRADIOInfiLINK XG unitSFP Figure 45 - InfiLINK XG block diagram NOTE Please make the distinction between the internal RADIO port of the Ethernet switch used for the data path separation and the external RADIO port of the unit. The following 5 ports are available at InfiLINK XG: GE0 and GE1 ports - external copper Gigabit Ethernet ports 1000BASE-T (IEEE 802.1ab) SFP port - external optical Gigabit port for plugging of the optical SFP transceiver module RADIO port - internal radio interface of the device MGMT port - internal interface for the device management.
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 72 The switch page has four section: Switch port Settings section Port Interconnection Schema section Connectivity matrix section VLAN-based Switching section Figure 46 - Switch Port Settings section Switch Port Settings - allows you to perform general port configuration Figure 47 - Switch Port Settings section
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 73 The following port parameters can be customized: Parameter Description Rate You can set the limit (traffic shaper) on the selected port, for outgoing traffic, in Mbps, from 1 to 100 in increments of 1, from 100 to 1000 in increments of 10, or to set it unlimited QoS mode You can select the traffic shaper policy for the port, WRR is selected by default - “weighted round robin” - weights are used for every queue of an interface, which allows different queues to have different service shares depending on the weight value - “strict” - packets within lower priority queue are not processed if the higher priority queue is not empty Port Mode You can select the physical port operational mode from: - auto: the speed and operational mode of the port will be negotiated between the 2 end points - 10BaseT-halfduplex;10BaseT-halfduplexmanual; 10BaseT-fullduplex;10BaseT-fullduplex-manual - 100BaseTX-halfduplex; 100BaseTX-halfduplex-manual; 100BaseTX-fullduplex; 100BaseTX-fullduplex-manual - 1000BaseTX-fullduplex;1000BaseTX-fullduplex-manual Up You can enable or disable the port status Table 33 - Port parameters NOTE Manual settings for the Port Mode will disable the negotiation and detection for speed and duplex. Use them in case that the interconnected 3rd party switches have fixed speed and duplex settings. Port Interconnection Schema allows you to select the switch operation mode: - Isolate:All traffic switching is allowed ONLY between external (GE0, GE1, SFP) and internal ports (Mgmt and internal radio). Thus, direct switching between external ports is forbidden (for example, between GE0 and GE1)
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 74 - Transparent: packet switching is allowed between external and internal ports Figure 48 - Port Interconnection Schema section The connectivity matrix allows you to enable or disable switching between internal and external ports of the switch. Figure 49 - Connectivity matrix section For example, it is quite easy to disable management of the unit via wireless link just by disabling check box between “mgmt” and “radio” ports. Example shown below Figure 50 - Connectivity matrix section
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 75 VLAN-based Switching allows to create list of allowed VLANs and their handling on InfiLINK XG switch plane. Without such option active, wireless link works as transparent Layer2 bridge. Thus, the link transport any frames with any VLAN tags set. Figure 51 - VLAN-based Switching section 5.6.5. VLAN Switching The following configuration can be performed in order to customize the VLAN-based switching operation of the InfiLINK XG unit: Create management VLAN Allow single VLAN and change of operational port mode Configure a native VLAN Allow multiple VLANs Assign per-VLAN 802.1p priorities (also described in the QoS section above) Switch default configuration works as transparent Layer2 bridge. Therefore, by default any frames with any VLAN tags (and untagged frames too) will flow freely through wireless link.
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 76 5.6.5.1. Management VLAN configuration It is possible to add management VLAN configuration and to keep transparent Layer2 bridging operational. It is the simpliest and sufficient configuration for vast number of cases. Go to the Network Access menu page in the Web interface. Add the management IP address and associate it with VLAN 100 (example): Figure 52- Adding a management IP address and associate it with VLAN 100 Click on the “Apply” button to save the changes NOTE Now, our InfiLINK XG has two management interfaces: 10.10.10.10 for untagged frame 10.10.20.1 for VLAN 100 All frames with any VLAN tags will be transparently switched through link Security considerations imply to remove management interface for untagged frames, leaving only management VLAN access operational. Meanwhile, such simple, yet efficient configuration do not allow to restrict any other VLAN transport except management VLAN. In order to allow switching of selected VLANs only, please proceed to next chapters.
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 77 5.6.5.2. Allow single VLAN and change of operational port mode First: enable VLAN-based Switching. Once the VLAN-based switching is enabled, the default switching configuration is automatically displayed and it shows the Default VLAN as native VLAN for all ports: Figure 53 - Default switching configuration NOTE The Default VLAN (or VLAN 1) is the only defined VLAN and it cannot be deleted. Multiple VLANs can be afterwards added and configured as desired for each port. All ports are by default in trunk mode, but the native VLAN allows both tagged and untagged traffic to pass. The operational mode of a port is described in the next section. Now only traffic allowed in VLAN-based Switching matrix is allowed. Second: you can allow transport of new VLAN by click to the «Add VLAN» button. 1. Click on the “Add VLAN” button 2. VLAN 2 is added by default. Modify the value for the VLAN tag according to the actual requirements Figure 54 - Adding and configuring a new VLAN 3. The VLAN just added is by default disabled (“off”) on all the ports. The following options are available for the port configuration:
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 78 - “on”: allows the VLAN to pass through that port - “off”: does not allow the VLAN to pass - “native”: allows the VLAN to pass, but also allows the untagged traffic to pass through that port 4. Assign an 802.1p priority. The packets received at the wired interfaces can be marked with an 802.1p priority. “0” is the lowest priority and “7” the highest. The following options are available for VLAN configuration: Access mode (allows untagged traffic from certain VLAN only) Trunk mode (allows tagged traffic only) To configure the access mode or trunk mode, you need to enable or disable the “Access” checkbox for each port. In the example below, the ge0 port is in trunk mode and the ge1 port is in access mode. Figure 55 - Configuring the operational mode of a port To send and receive tagged and untagged traffic the native VLAN option should be used. Native VLAN defines the VLAN tag number, which can receive all incoming untagged traffic (for example, by default VLAN1 is configured as a Native VLAN for all the ports). In order to allow both tagged and untagged traffic to pass in trunk operational mode, a native VLAN can be configured. The details about the native VLAN and specific operation are described in the following section Configuring a native VLAN. NOTE Changing the operational mode of a port to the access mode will disable all VLANs on that port automatically. More specifically, the VLANs that are set to “on” or “native” for that port will be changed automatically to “off”. Please check section 7.2.4 for more details about the on/off/native status of a VLAN. Priority: use this option to set the priority to the certain VLAN in compliance with 802.1p, from 0 to 7 in increments of 1
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 79 Figure 56 - Configuring per-VLAN 802.1p priorities Port state: allows you to specify if a VLAN should be allowed to pass by the port (“on” option), denied (“off”) or if the VLAN should be a native one for the specific port (“native” option). Only one native VLAN per port. Figure 57 – Different port state values 5.6.5.3. Configuring native VLAN A port that is set to the trunk operational mode allows only tagged traffic to pass. However, one of the VLANs allowed to pass through that port can be configured as native VLAN and it will be the only VLAN that will allow to pass all the untagged traffic at the reception. Therefore, the native VLAN will pass both tagged and untagged traffic. To be noted that there can be maximum one native VLAN for each port! The Default VLAN or VLAN 1 is by default configured as native VLAN for all the ports: Figure 58 - Default native VLAN configuration
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 80 You can customize the native VLAN configuration according to the specific requirements. For example, there can be ports that should allow only tagged traffic to pass and ports that allow both tagged and untagged traffic. Example - Port ge0 and ge1 should allow only VLANs 10 and 20 to pass. Additionally, port ge1 should also allow the untagged traffic. In this case, no native VLAN should be configured for the ge0 port and port ge1 should have VLAN 10 or 20 configured as native VLAN. The default VLAN should be set to “off” on both ports, otherwise VLAN 1 will be allowed to pass! Figure 59 - Native VLAN configuration example NOTE Changing the native VLAN, will automatically disable the Default VLAN, by setting it to “off” on the specific port. NOTE When a different VLAN besides the Default VLAN is set as native, the “native” option becomes unavailable for all other VLANs. In order to change the native VLAN in this case you have to first remove the current native VLAN by changing the state to “on” or “off”. After this, the “native” option is again available for all other VLANs. 5.6.5.4. Allow multiple VLANs This section will describe step by step how to configure separate VLANs for management and for the data traffic as follows: VLAN 100 is used for the management of the unit VLAN 200 is used for the data traffic NOTE In order to configure the VLAN based management access, it is necessary to associate the IP address of the management interface with the management VLAN 100. If you begin by enabling the VLAN-based switching and remove the native VLAN, you will lose contact with the unit and ERConsole must be used for recovery.
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 81 1. Go to the Network Access menu page in the Web interface. Add the management IP address and associate it with VLAN 100 Figure 60 - Adding a management IP address and associate it with VLAN 100 2. Click on the “Apply” button to save the changes NOTE The IP address just configured cannot be used at this moment for the management of the unit because VLAN 100 has not been added yet. The unit will be accessed for the moment using the initial management IP address, in this case 10.10.10.10. 3. Go to the Switch menu page and enable VLAN-based switching Figure 61 - VLAN-based switching configuration 4. Add VLAN 100 and allow it to pass through the ge0, mgmt and radio ports. This way, the management will be enabled both locally and over the air using VLAN 100 5. The default VLAN cannot be removed, so it is necessary to set it off on all the ports in order to deny access using untagged traffic (“native”) or traffic tagged with VLAN 1 6. Add VLAN 200 for the data traffic and allow it to pass through the ge0 and radio ports. Since management is not allowed on VLAN 200, it should be set to “off” at the mgmt port 7. Click on the “Apply” button to save the changes At this point, the access to the unit is allowed using only VLAN 100 and the newly assigned IP address. Traffic tagged with VLAN 200 will be switched only between
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 82 the ge0 and the rf ports. Untagged traffic or traffic tagged with other VLANs besides 100 or 200 is not allowed! 5.6.5.5. Trunk and Trunk VLAN example Installation which require VLAN tagged frames to flow in both directions through InfiLINK XG wireless link do not require any specific configuration. Just due to security reasons it is recommended to set up Management VLAN. All the rest configurartion is not needed in most cases, except the issue to deny certain VLANs. Please, use the configuration steps from chapter 5.6.5.1. Management VLAN configuration 5.6.5.6. Access and Trunk VLAN example Another example is very common for ISP installation. One InfiLINK XG receive VLAN tagged frames from switch trunk port (port configured to carry frames with different VLAN tags), another InfiLINK XG connects with end-customer LAN with requirement to egress untagged frames from certain VLAN only. Please see the diagram below. Data cable Data cableTrunk port Access portXG1XG2ISP LAN Customer’sLANVLAN 100 managementVLAN 200 customer serviceUntagged framesVLAN 100 managementVLAN 200 customer service Figure 62 – Trunk and Acess VLAN example Brief actions to configure for XG1 : Create management VLAN 100 Enable VLAN-based switching Add VLAN 100, 200 Brief actions to configure for XG2 : Create management VLAN 100 Enable VLAN-based switching Add VLAN 100, 200 Set access port settings for VLAN 200 Configuration of XG1:
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 83 1. Go to the Network Access menu page in the Web interface. Add the management IP address and associate it with VLAN 100 Figure 63 - Adding a management IP address and associate it with VLAN 100 2. Click on the “Apply” button to save the changes 3. Go to the Switch menu page and enable VLAN-based switching Figure 64 - VLAN-based switching configuration 4. Add VLAN 100 and allow it to pass through the ge0, mgmt and radio ports. This way, the management will be enabled both locally and over the air using VLAN 100 5. The default VLAN cannot be removed, so it is necessary to set it off on all the ports in order to deny access using untagged traffic (“native”) or traffic tagged with VLAN 1 6. Add VLAN 200 for the data traffic and allow it to pass through the ge0 and radio ports. Since management is not allowed on VLAN 200, it should be set to “off” at the mgmt port 7. Click on the “Apply” button to save the changes. At this point, the access to the unit is allowed using only VLAN 100 and the newly assigned IP address. Traffic tagged with VLAN 200 will be switched only between the ge0 and the rf ports. Configuration of XG2: 1. Go to the Network Access menu page in the Web interface. Add the management IP address and associate it with VLAN 100:
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 84 Figure 65 - Adding a management IP address and associate it with VLAN 100 2. Click on the “Apply” button to save the changes 3. Go to the Switch menu page and enable VLAN-based switching: 4. Add VLAN 100 and allow it to pass through the mgmt and radio ports. This way, the management will be enabled over the air using VLAN 100 5. The default VLAN cannot be removed, so it is necessary to set it off on all the ports in order to deny access using untagged traffic (“native”) or traffic tagged with VLAN 1 6. Add VLAN 200 for the data traffic and allow it to pass through the ge0 and radio ports. Since management is not allowed on VLAN 200, it should be set to “off” at the mgmt port 7. Mark Access checkbox for ge0 in order to remove all tags for traffic to customer’s LAN Figure 66 - VLAN-based switching configuration 8. Click on the “Apply” button to save the changes At this point, the access to the unit is allowed using only VLAN 100 and the newly assigned IP address. Traffic tagged with VLAN 200 will be received by rf port and switched untagged to customer’s LAN through ge0 port.
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 85 5.6.6. SNMP The SNMP protocol support is an important feature of all communication devices because it allows the system administrator to manage the operation of a network as a whole, as well as of each component. SNMP section contains a set of parameters to exchange data about network activity of the device. The SNMP Protocol has two sides, the agent and the management stations: The agent sends data to the management station The management station collects data from all the agents on the network. You can set several destinations of traps with individual set of traps as well as several users with individual access rights The agent sends alerts called traps (see Traps zone) and answers requests that were sent by the management station The management station captures and decodes the traps. The management station also requests specific information from the agent The information is passed through requests and replies with the use of the MIB The management station is responsible for decoding the SNMP packets and providing an interface to the administrator. The interface can be a GUI or a command line. 5.6.6.1. SNMP settings In the SNMP settings section, you can view and edit the current SNMP access settings; you can delete the current SNMP v.3 users by clicking the «Remove SNMP User» button or create new ones by clicking the «Add SNMP v3 User» button: SNMP access parameter Description Start SNMP Enable/disable SNMP daemon in the device Version 1 enable Enable/disable SNMP v.1 and v.2c support The first version of the SNMP protocol lacks security in the operation of the protocol itself, which hinders its use for network management, so SNMP v.1 and v.2c works only in read-only mode By default, it is enabled Community Set the community name for read-only mode (SNMP v.1
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 86 and v.2c only) The default SNMP v.1 and v.2c community name is "public" It is a security method for SNMP v.1 and v.2c, as Agents can be set to reply only to queries received by accepted community names In SNMP v.1 and v.2c the community name passes along with the data packet in clear text Contact Set the contact information Used as a reference information about the device owner Location Set the geographical location where the unit is installed Used as a reference information about physical device’s location User Name Set the authorization user name of SNMP v.3 Password Set the authorization password of SNMP v.3 Security Set the security level: - the lowest level means no authentication or privacy (No Authorization No Privacy), you have to set the User Name only - the medium level means authorization and no privacy (Authorization No Privacy), you have to set User Name and Password - the highest level means authorization and privacy (Authorization and Privacy), you have to set the User Name, Password and Privacy Password Read only Enable/disable the read-only permission Read/Write is the default value Admin Enable/disable the full access to the variables For example, the ability to reboot the device Limited access is the default value Privacy Password Set the privacy password It is necessary when privacy is enabled for the required security level Privacy Protocol Set the encryption method for SNMP v.3: DES/AES128
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 87 Table 34 - SNMP Access 5.6.6.2. SNMP traps SNMP protocol operation requires a network agent instance to send asynchronous messages (traps) whenever a specific event occurs on the controlled device (object). InfiNet Wireless units have a built-in SNMP Traps support module (which acts as an agent) that performs a centralized information delivery from unit internal subsystems to the SNMP server. This zone focuses on SNMP Traps agent configuration. In this section, you can view and edit the current SNMP traps settings. You can clone, remove and clear target and traps by clicking the corresponding buttons: SNMP traps parameter Description Enable SNMP Traps Enable/disable to send SNMP traps Agent IP Set the IP address of the device which sends traps; it is normally the IP address of the InfiNet Wireless unit Destination Set the IP address of the server (InfiMonitor, for example) and the UDP port (162 port is commonly used) V2 Enable/disable SNMP v.2 Table 35 - SNMP Traps The check boxes below specify traps or trap groups that are sent to the server: SNMP trap types Description radioGroup Events which are related to changes of radio link parameters radioFreqChanged The Frequency has changed radioBandChanged The Band has changed others Other changes in network linkEvent One of the communication links represented in the agent’s configuration has come up or come down trapdColdStartEvent Cold Start event has occurred
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 88 snmpdAuthenticationFailureEvent Not properly authenticated SNMP protocol message has been received syslog Events about messages recorded in a system log Table 36 - SNMP Trap Types Clink the «Clone» button if you need to setup multiple SNMP servers. Each server can have an individual set of traps directed toward it. Click the «Clear» button in order to clear all check-boxes for the current server. NOTE Read the information at the end of the Settings section in order to find out the output of the «Apply», «Try» and buttons for the new configuration performed. 5.6.7. Apply and Try buttons for the configuration After performing the needed configuration in the Settings menu, you must save all the new parameters by clicking on the «Apply» button. If you are not sure about the effect of the new configuration performed, you can apply the new configuration temporarily by clicking on the «Try» button. The previous configuration is automatically restored after a grace period of 180 seconds (3 minutes). You have the options to extend the grace period by choosing «Postpone», or immediately accept/reject the changes by choosing «Commit» or «Undo». Figure 67 - The options after clicking on the «Try» button After clicking on the «Apply» button for saving the new configuration, the system will redirect you to the login page. After a 5 seconds timer you can log in back to the unit and check the new configuration. 5.6.8. Configuring QoS Quality of Services (QoS) techniques aim to ensure a reliable transmission for all type of services, especially for the most demanding ones, in terms of delay, jitter, packet loss and availability. The QoS techniques are applied from inbound to outbound and include: traffic selection and prioritization, queuing, packet scheduling and traffic shaping.
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 89 QoS strategies were introduced for the InfiLINK XG units in order to be able to customize the balance between the maximum achievable capacity and the allowed packet loss for the priority packets. The QoS capabilities of the unit fall in two categories: QoS wired interface capabilities QoS radio interface capabilities 5.6.8.1. QoS wired interface capabilities The wired interface capabilities of InfiLINK XG unit are the following: Traffic selection and prioritization based on 802.1p The IEEE 802.1p standard provides the means to implement QoS techniques at Layer 2 (MAC layer). QoS is implemented using a 3 bit field called Priority Code Point (PCP) part of the Ethernet header when 802.1Q VLAN tagging is in use. There are eight 802.1p priorities, “0” being the lowest and “7” - the highest. The InfiLINK XG unit is capable to recognize and prioritize packets received on the wired interfaces. Each packt will be further sent to a specific priority queue. Four hardware priority queues on InfiLINK XG Each received packet is sent to one of the 4 priority queues based on the PCP field that contains the 802.1p priority. When the actual traffic load reaches the egress rate, the switch will favor the transmission of the highest priority packets in the detriment of the lower priority ones. The mapping between the 802.1p priorities and the 4 queues can be found below: 802.1p priority Traffic type InfiLINK XG priority queue 0 Background 1 1 Best Effort 2 Excellent Effort 2 3 Critical Applications 4 Video 3 5 Voice 6 Internetwork control 4 7 Network control Table 37 - Priority queues mapping Strict or weighted round robin packet scheduling algorithms
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 90 The packet scheduling algorithms available for determining how the packets shall exit the priority queues are the following: - Strict priority queuing: packets from lower priority queues are delayed in case higher priority queues has traffic - Weighted round robin: weights are used for every queue of an interface, which allows different queues to have different service shares depending on the weight value Per-port egress rate limiting Traffic shaping can be configured by limiting the egress rate on a selected wired port. In order to configure per-port egress rate limiting go to the “Switch” menu page in the Web interface and set the “Rate” parameter for a specific wired interface. In the example below, the traffic outgoing at the ge0 interface is limited to 100 Mbps. It can be also noticed that the radio interface does not have available the option of configuring a rate limit. Radio throughput depends only on current modulation: Figure 68 - Configuring per-port egress rate limiting 5.6.8.2. QoS radio interface capabilities The radio interface QoS capabilities of the InfiLINK XG unit are the following: Traffic selection and prioritization based on 802.1p The packets received at the radio interface that are marked with an 802.1p priority will be recognized and sent to a specific priority queue. Four priority queues The same considerations mentioned for the wired interface capabilities are valid: each received packet is sent to one of the 4 priority queues based on the PCP field that contains the 802.1p priority.
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 91 When the actual traffic load reached the egress rate, the switch will favor the transmission of the highest priority packets in the detriment of the lower priority ones. Strict or weighted round robin packet scheduling algorithms The strict priority queuing or weighted round robin scheduling alorithms can be configured for the packets received at the radio interfaces and exiting the priority queues: - Strict priority queuing: packets from lower priority queues are delayed in case higher priority queues has traffic - Weighted round robin: weights are used for every queue of an interface, which allows different queues to have different service shares depending on the weight value. No matter the interface on which the packets were received, one of the two packet scheduling algorithms can be configured in order to determine the strategy for emptying the priority queues. Go to the “Switch” menu page in the Web interface and configure the “QoS mode” parameter in the “Switch Port Settings” section. In the example below the “Weighted Round Robin” is configured for the ge0 interface and the “Strict” scheduling algorithm is configured for the radio interface: Figure 69 - Configuring the packet scheduling algorithm Three QoS strategies Three QoS strategies are available for the radio interface transmission in order to accommodate different packet loss requirements for the high priority packets: - Aggressive: maximal throughput performance, but up to 10% priority packet loss - Conservative: no priority packet loss allowed, but up to 10% peak throughput decrease compared to the aggressive strategy
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 92 - Normal: minimal priority packet loss allowed, with less than 10% capacity decrease In order to configure the appropriate QoS strategy, go to the “Radio” menu page in the Web interface and set the “QoS Strategy” parameter value: Figure 70 - Configuring the QoS strategy 5.6.9. Configuring per-VLAN 802.1p priority assignment The packets received on the wired interface can be marked with a specific 802.1p priority. Example - configuring 802.1p priority 5 for the traffic received on VLAN 100 at ge0 The 802.1p priority assignment takes place only for the incoming packets with 802.1Q tags (VLAN tags) at the wired interfaces. In order to specify the 802.1p priority associated to a VLAN, go to the “Switch” menu page in the Web interface then proceed to add new VLAN: Click on the “Add VLAN” button 1. VLAN 2 is added by default. Modify the value for the VLAN tag according to the actual requirements: Figure 71 - Adding and configuring a new VLAN
Chapter 3 - Configuration Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 93 2. The VLAN just added is by default disabled (“off”) on all the ports. The following options are available for the port configuration: - “on”: allows the VLAN to pass through that port - “off”: does not allow the VLAN to pass - “native”: allows the VLAN to pass, but allows also the untagged traffic to pass through that port. 3. Assign an 802.1p priority. The packets received at the wired interfaces can be marked with an 802.1p priority. “0” is the lowest priority and “7” - the highest. Below, we can see how 802.1p priority 5 was assigned to the traffic received with VLAN 100 at the ge0 interface. Priority 5 will not be assigned to the traffic incoming at the radio interface even if VLAN 100 is allowed to pass through the radio interface in the example below Figure 72 - Configuring per-VLAN 802.1p priorities
Troubleshooting Chapter 6
Chapter 6 - Troubleshooting Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 95 6.1. Introduction In this chapter are presented the basic troubleshooting actions to be taken in case a problem occurs to the InfiLINK XG wireless link. The general fault classification can be checked below and the detailed indications for fault handling are described in the subsequent sections. Possible issueWireless link is down No access to the remote unitNo access to the local unitExpected capacity is not metErrors on the link, throughput fluctuationsNo data is transmittedThe local management to the unit is lost Figure 73 - Basic faults classification Preliminary definitions: For each radio link, the local unit will be considered the one closest to the monitoring center and the remote unit will be its peer end like in the picture below If the radio link (between the local unit and the remote unit) or the Ethernet connection (between the monitoring center and the local unit) become unavailable, all units/equipment behind the failure point will be unreachable. The debugging should begin in this case, at- the unit that is closest to the failure point and has management access Remote unit Local unitMonitoring server Figure 74 - Monitored wireless link
Chapter 6 - Troubleshooting Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 96 6.2. The wireless link is down (it got lost) Problem Debugging steps; possible cause & solution The wireless link is down and there is no access to the remote unit, but there is access to the local unit 1. Check the values of the radio parameters in the Radio page of the local unit to verify if they correspond to the settings from the radio planning stage: - max distance - uplink/downlink frequenciy - channel width - transmit power - maximal MCS - frame period - node type - link ID - custom frequency grid If some of the parameters have different values, perform the modifications and check the wireless link establishment after unit reboot. In case the wireless link is still down, go on site to the location of the local unit and check the integrity of the RF cables if an external antenna is used. Tighten the connectors and check the antennas, as well. Make sure that the Vertical and Horizontal RF connections are properly performed. 2. In case the wireless link is still down even if the parameters are according with the settings from the radio planning stage and the RF connectivity verifications are completed for the local unit (cables and connectors), go on site to the location of the remote unit. 3. If the remote unit is powered on (else, check the AC power supply, the IDU and the Ethernet cables), connect to it using a laptop and check all radio parameters and RF connectivity as described in step 1 and perform all corrections. The values for the following radio parameters must be the same on both units: - uplink/downlink frequenciy - channel width - air frame period - link ID Check the license file in the Maintenance page to see if the configured parameter values are supported by the license (channel width, power level, frequencies, etc.) Perform all needed modifications and check the wireless link establishment after unit reboot. 4. In case the wireless link is still down, check the antennas alliagnment with two teams working concurrently, one at the
Chapter 6 - Troubleshooting Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 97 Problem Debugging steps; possible cause & solution remote site and the other one to the local site. Also, redo the radio planning: it can be that the coordinates from the initial radio planning stage to be innapropriate for the current situation (huge interferences on the working set of frequencies, Fresnel zone obstruction as well as the wireless link cannot be established, etc.). 5. Replace the unit if necessary or report the problem to InfiNet Wireless support team with the Diagnostic card (according to the information presented in Operation & Administration chapter above, in Maintenace section). http://support.infinetwireless.com support@infinetwireless.com +7 343 253-15-33 Table 38 - The wireless link is down 6.3. No access to the local unit Problem Debugging steps; possible cause & solution There is no access to the local unit 1. Check the network connectivity between the monitoring server and the local unit. 2. If there’s still no connectivity to the local unit, go on site to the location of the local unit and check if: - it is powered on (else, check the AC power supply, the IDU, the Ethernet cables/fiber optic and connectors) - the local connection (for example, using a laptop) works (else, follow the ERC console procedure described below) If local connection is allowed, after the authentication step in Web GUI, check the administrative and operational status of the Ethernet/SFP port. Enable the port if found disabled. 3. If the problem is still not solved, go to the Switch page, check the port interconnection and make sure that traffic is enabled between the corresponding external and internal ports. Check the VLAN configuration if VLANs are used. Reboot the unit. Table 39 - No access to the local unit 6.4. Expected capacity is not met Problem Debugging steps; possible cause & solution
Chapter 6 - Troubleshooting Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 98 Problem Debugging steps; possible cause & solution The wireless link is operational but the expected capacity is not met 1. Go to the Maintenance page and click the «Check Latest Release» button. If a newer firmware version is available, proceed with the firmware upgrade in order to benefit of the latest radio features and improvements. 2. Go to the Maintenance page, click the «View Current License» button and check if the maximum transmit rate, power levels or channel width are limited to lower values compared to the expected configuration. 3. Go to the Switch page. Check the Rate limit and the Port mode. In case of GE connection, if one unit has auto negotiation enabled and the other has a manual setting, put both units in auto negotiation. If the rate is lower than the expected one, adjust accordingly or set to unlimited. 4. Go to the: - Status page and check the radio link status (CINR, RSSI, etc.) - Radio page and check the the radio link configuration: maximum modulation, air frame period, AMC and QoS strategy (take as reference the throughput values available in Operation & Administration chapter, Wireless Link Statistics section to compare the configuration settings with the expected capacity) - Alliagnment page and check the values from the the antenna alliagnment tool - The recorded statistics should be cleared for both units (restart the unit or cli> xg stat -clear) and the wireless link situation must be monitord again Redo the radio planning activities if the values does’n correspond to the values from the initial deployment. 5. Go on site and: - check the Ethernet or SFP connections, replace the cables if necessary - check the RF connectors if an external antenna is used. Tighten the connectors and check also the integrity of the antenna - perform proper antenna alignment on site. If after the alignment the CINR level is still low, it indicates that external interferences are present. Try to use another frequency if available or perform a spectrum scanning. 6. Report the problem to InfiNet Wireless support team with the Diagnostic card (according to the information presented in Operation & Administration chapter above, in Maintenace section). http://support.infinetwireless.com
Chapter 6 - Troubleshooting Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 99 Problem Debugging steps; possible cause & solution support@infinetwireless.com +7 343 253-15-33 Table 40 - Expected capacity is not met 6.5. Errors on the wireless link, throughput fluctuations Problem Debugging steps; possible cause & solution The wireless link is operational but there are errors on the wireless link, throughput fluctuations 1. Go to the Switch page. Check the Rate limit and the Port mode. In case of GE connection, if one unit has auto negotiation enabled and the other has a manual setting, put both units in auto negotiation. If the rate is lower than the expected one, adjust accordingly or set to unlimited. 2. Go to the Status page and check the CINR and RSSI levels. Try to adjust the Tx power on both ends in order to improve the CINR and RSSI levels. If the CINR value is low, it indicates the presence of external interferences. If both CINR and RSSI are bad, the antenna alignment or hardware faults could be the root cause. 3. Go on site and: - check the Ethernet or SFP connections, replace the cables if necessary - check the RF connectors if an external antenna is used. Tighten the connectors and check also the integrity of the antenna - perform proper antenna alignment on site. If after the alignment the CINR level is still low, it indicates that external interferences are present. Try to use another frequency if available or perform a spectrum scanning. 4. Report the problem to InfiNet Wireless support team with the Diagnostic card (according to the information presented in Operation & Administration chapter above, in Maintenace section). http://support.infinetwireless.com support@infinetwireless.com +7 343 253-15-33 Table 41 - Errors on the wireless link, throughput fluctuations
Chapter 6 - Troubleshooting Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 100 6.6. No data is being transferred Problem Debugging steps; possible cause & solution The wireless link is operational but no data is being transffered 1. Go to the Maintenance page and check the Maximum transmit rate in the current license. 2. Go to the Switch page and make sure that the internal port mapping is correct and the traffic flow is enabled between the required ports. 3. Go to the Switch page and check the administrative state of the GE or SFP port. Enable the port if it was disabled. If the status is up but no packets are received, check the configuration of the equipment which is directly connected. 4. Go on site and check the Ethernet or SFP connections, check and replace the cables if needed. 5. If VLANs are used, go to the Switch page and make sure that the VLAN configuration is correct, allowing the specific traffic VLAN ID to pass through the required ports. 6. Report the problem to InfiNet Wireless support team with the Diagnostic card (according to the information presented in Operation & Administration chapter above, in Maintenace section). http://support.infinetwireless.com support@infinetwireless.com +7 343 253-15-33 Table 42 - No data is being transffered 6.7. The management of the unit is lost If the management of the unit is completely lost (of the local and/or the remote one), the ERConsole recovery procedure should be used. ERConsole is a software application created to recover or add a new IP address to the InfiNet Wireless units. Additionally, the ERConsole can be used to reset the InfiNet Wireless units to the factory default configuration. 6.7.1. ERConsole recovery procedure Software requirements: Java Runtime Environment should be installed. If you don’t have it already, you can download it from http://www.java.com/en/download/ ERConsole software application - can be obtained from our ftp site: ftp://ftp.infinet.ru/pub/Utils/EmergenceRepairConsole/ERConsole.zip
Chapter 6 - Troubleshooting Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 101 It is recommended to turn off any anti-virus or firewall running on your computer. We also recommend to use a simple unmanaged switch as intermediary device between your PC and the InfiNet unit. It is essential to reboot the InfiNet unit each time in order to activate the Emergency Repair Protocol on the unit, therefore the switch would prevent your PC Ethernet interface from flapping up and down. Using Cisco Catalyst switches for unit recoverty is not recommended due to a known issue port mode negotiation delay. NOTE ERConsole and InfiNet Wireless units exchange information only during the bootup process, therefore each time you need to read the units IP address, to add a new IP or to restore to the default configuration, the InfiNet Wireless unit should be rebooted If you lost management to your InfiNet Wireless unit, proceed with the following steps: 1. Make sure you have set the correct IP address, network mask and VLAN if used in order to access the unit. If these items are checked, proceed with the next step for the ERConsole recovery 2. Connect a network Ethernet cable between the InfiNet Wireless unit and your PC and then run the ETConsole.jar application downloaded from our ftp 3. Power off the InfiNet Wireless unit and then power it on in a few seconds 4. Wait about 30 seconds and the ERConsole screen should receive update from the unit like below. The Serial number, IP address and network mask will be displayed on the screen: Figure 75 - ERConsole information 5. If an IP address is assigned to the unit, configure on your laptop an IP from the same network class and connect to the unit in order to perform the
Chapter 6 - Troubleshooting Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 102 modifications and checking required. If there is no IP displayed (0.0.0.0), proceed with the next step 6. Click the «+» button in the ERConsole application and a new window will appear 7. In the New task window, set the additional IP address and network mask, then click «OK» like below: Figure 76 - Adding a new IP address 8. Power off and on the InfiNet unit. Wait about 30 seconds until the IP is assigned 9. Add an IP address from the same network subnet to your PC and access the unit. ERC will not show newly assigned IP address 10. Login to the unit using the new IP. Do not reboot the unit now because the additional IP address is temporar until the next restart or the new configuration is saved 6.7.2. Restore to factory settings using ERConsole If you need to restore your unit to the factory settings, follow the instructions below: 1. Obtain the IP address of the unit using the ERConsole as described in section above 2. Click on the «+» button in the ERConsole application and a new window will appear 3. Call InfiNet Wireless Technical support at +7 343 253 1533 or open a new case at http://support.infinetwireless.com in order to obtain the Factory Password for the unit. You will need the serial number of the unit for this step 4. Select “Reset configuration” option and input the Factory Password obtained at the previous step in the Factory password field, then click «OK» 5. Power off and on the unit and then wait about 30 seconds
Chapter 6 - Troubleshooting Technical User Manual InfiLINK XG 103 6. The unit will start in special emergency mode with the IP address 10.10.10.1 and mask 255.255.255.0 7. Login to the unit and reset the configuration to the factory defaults from the Maintenance page

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