Itron NIC44 Radio module User Manual Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points

Silver Spring Networks Radio module Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points

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Silver Spring Networks555 Broadway StreetRedwood City, CA 94063www.silverspringnet.comUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access PointsFor NIC44

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 3Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points ContentsContents1. About Access Points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5AP Product Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Battery Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Read Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Rebooting or Recycling APs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Standards Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Cellular Modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Addressing Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9European Union Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Maintenance Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Surge Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Redundant WAN Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Mounting Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12WAN Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Throughput Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Responding to a WAN Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Multicast / Unicast Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Address Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182. FCC and Government Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19FCC Guidelines for Devices Containing a Transmitter Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Industry Canada Guidelines for Devices Containing a Transmitter Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20For All Radio Transmitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20For Transmitters Not Requiring Licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21General Electrical Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Fall Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Shock Accident First Aid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access PointsUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 41About Access PointsOverviewTheSilverSpringAccessPoint(AP)providesthecentrallinkbetweenendpointdevicesandnetworkcontrolandmonitoring.Itistheconnectivitybetweenintelligentendpointsandtheutility’sbackoffice.Itsflexiblecommunicationfeaturesextendthereachandcoverageofthenetworktothousandsofcustomerpremises,throughscalabilitythatlowersownershipcosts.Sinceithasabackupbattery,theAPcanreliablyroutescheduledreadandmanagementtasks,evenduringanoutage.Figure1illustrateshowAPsconnectendpointstotheutilitybackoffice(UtilityIQdatacenters).TheAccessPointcanbemountedonpowerpolesorstreetlamps.Alloutboundcommunications(requestsfordata)passthroughtheAP.Allinbounddatapackets(data,alarms)passthroughtheAP.TheAPcanserveasthetake‐outpointfornetworkmanagementtrafficinastand‐alonecommunicationnetwork(oralsoforAdvancedMeteringInfrastructure—AMI,DistributionAutomation—DA,orHANCommunicationsManager(HCM)—HCMtrafficinajointAMI/DA/HCMinstallation).Incertaincases,theAPcanbethetake‐outpointfortraffic.ItisworthnotingthattheSilverSpringarchitecturediffersfrommostothersinthattheAPisnotwhatutilitycompaniestypicallycallacollectororconcentrator—itisarouter.Thismeansthatmemorylimitsanddatavulnerabilityissuestypicalof“collector”architectureareeliminatedresultinginamorerobust,scalable,simplerandhigherperformancenetwork.TheAccessPointcomeswitha902‐928MHz‐basedradioNeighborhoodAreaNetwork(orNAN)interfacewhichcanbeconfiguredwithanycellulartechnology(forexample,CodeFigure 1. The AP in the network

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access PointsUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 5DivisionMultipleAccess,LongTermEvolution,HighSpeedPacketAccess,singlecarrierRadio Transmission Technology)WideAreaNetwork(WAN)interface,orwitha10/100Ethernetinterface.TheAccessPointprovidesamethodforimplementingthelastmileutilityinformationandcontrolnetwork.Features ThefeaturesoftheSilverSpringAccessPointare:•Fulltwo‐way,870‐876and902‐928MHzFHSS•One‐watttransmitter•Dynamicnetworkdiscoveryandselfhealing•Robustsecurityfromtheendpointthroughtothewideareanetwork•“Over‐the‐air”networkfirmwareupgrades•Sophisticatedroutingfunctionsensuremultiplepathstoeachendpoint•Automatedschedulingandnetworkmanagementtasks•Long‐reach,multi‐hopnetworks,providinghighendpoint‐to‐AccessPointdeploymentratios•Weather‐resistantoutdoorenclosure,forlongerlifeandgreaterdurability•Batterybackupoption(highlyrecommended)forfault‐tolerantoperationAP Product DescriptionThetypesofAPsavailableare:CellularAPs,SatelliteAPs,Pad‐mountAPs,andEthernetAPs.TheEthernetAPscanbeconfiguredwith10/100BaseT,andFiberinterfaces.CellularandEthernetAccessPointsareshippedpre‐configured.ForcellularAccessPoints,SilverSpringwillworkwiththechosencellularprovidertofacilitateAccessPointturn‐up.ForEthernetAccessPoints,SilverSpringwillworkwiththeclientonIPaddressingtoallowSilverSpringtopre‐configurefielddevicesforquickfieldimplementation.

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access PointsUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 6Figure2showsanEthernetAP.Battery BackupsAPscanbeconfiguredwithbatterybackups.Intheeventofapowerfailure,thebatterybackupcanprovidecontinuousoperationforatleasteighthours.SilverSpringNetworkssuggestsasabestpractice,abatterybackupwithintheAccessPoint.Whenoperatingonbatterybackup,AccessPointsmaintainfulloperationalfeatures.TheInfrastructureBatteryPack(IBP)usessealedlead‐acidbatterytechnology,whichwilldeliverenergyovera‐40to+85Ctemperaturerange.SilverSpringoperatestheInfrastructureBatteryPackonafloat(thatis,theusagemodelisdefinedaslongperiodsoftopped‐offchargestatesfollowedbysporadicdeepdischargeevents(outageevents).UtilityIQ®,GridScape,orHCMapplicationscanactivelymonitorstatus.Eventsrangeinseverityfrominformational(forexample,exportjobsucceeded)towarning(forexample,thegapfillerhasstartedrunningbecauseanintervalgapwasdetected),toerror(forexample,theDCDetectionflagonthemeterwasset),toemergency.TheseincludeanalarmwhenthebackupbatteryonanAccessPointiscriticallylow.Formoreinformationonbatterybackupdevices,refertowww.enersys.com.Thekeydocumentsare:•CyclonApplicationManual•CyclonSelectionGuideFigure 2. Silver Spring Networks Access Point (AP)Cellular antennaPower connectorNAN antenna

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access PointsUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 7ThedesignfloatlifeofSilverSpring‐IBPproductsisuptoeight(8)toten(10)yearsatroomtemperature(25°C/77°F)andunderproperchargingconditions.Thisdesignlifehasbeenconfirmedbytheuseofacceleratedtestingmethodsthatarewidelyacceptedbybothmanufacturersandusersofsealed‐leadbatteries.Hightemperaturesareusedtoacceleratetheagingprocessofthebatteryundertest.Read StorageTheAccessPointhas8MBofRAMand8MBofFlash.NoreadsarestoredwithintheAccessPoint.Power RequirementsTheAccessPointandRelayrequire96to250VAC(50to60Hz).Powercanbetappeddirectlyfromthepowerlineorfromastreetlightreceptacle.Rebooting or Recycling APsSilverSpringNetworksAPswillrunsteadystateforanindefiniteperiodoftime.RebootsarenotcontingentuponanyinherenttendencyfortheAPtorebootitself.Theonlyconditionsthatwouldmanifestarebootare:•Powerfailureintheabsenceofbatterybackup•WANdialerreachesa“highwatercount”thatinducesafirmwarereboot–thishappenswhencellularcoverageisintermittent•Upgradeoffirmware•Deliberaterebootinstructionissuedfromfieldtechnicianorfromback‐officeStandards ComplianceAPscomplywith:•OperatingVibrationstandardANSIC12.20,IEC60068‐2‐8•OperatingShockstandardANSIC12.20,IEC60068‐2‐27•HumiditystandardANSIC12.20,IEC60068‐2‐6•OperatingTemperaturestandardANSIC12.20,IEC60068‐2‐1,IEC60068‐2‐2•ElectromagneticSusceptibilitystandardANSIC12.20,IEC61000‐4‐3•SurgeWithstandCapabilitystandardANSIC12.20,IEC61000‐4‐5•ElectrostaticDischargestandardANSIC12.20,IEC61000‐4‐2•ElectricalFastTransientsperANSIC12.20,IEC61000‐4‐4•ConductedImmunityperIEC61000‐4‐6•MagneticImmunityIEC61000‐4‐8•VoltageDips&InterruptsIEC61000‐4‐11•SafetyStandardforInformationTechnologyEquipment,IEC60950‐1,IEC60950‐22

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access PointsUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 8Cellular ModemCurrently,themodemisaSierraWirelessAirLink,RavenX,RavenXT,orRavenXEdependingonAPmodelandcountrylocation.Addressing Schemes SilverSpring’saddressingschemeisbasedontheInternetProtocol(IP)suite.EachnetworkdevicehasoneormoreIPv6addresseswithintheLAN.TheAccessPointwilltypicallyhaveanIPv4addressassignedtotheWANside.A6in4tunnelcarriesthedataoveracellularcarrierorEthernet‐basedbackhaultotheheadend,wherethetunnelisterminated,andIPv6trafficiscarriedthroughtoUtilityIQ,GridScape,orHCM.Ahigh‐levelconceptualizationoftheNAN‐to‐WANnetworksthatAPtraffictraversesisshowninFigure3.TheAccessPointisthecentrallinkbetweentheutility’senterprisemanagementsystemsandtheendpointdevicessuchasSilverSpring‐enabledelectricity,water,gasmeters,bridges,ExternalCommunicationsModules,andFaultCircuitIndicators.TheAccessPointisavitalpartofthesmartgridnetwork,whichextendssecure,real‐timemeasurementandcontrolinterfaces(withfull,two‐waycommunications)throughoutthenetworkandtothecustomerpremises.TheAccessPointprovidesahighlyreliableconnectiontoRFdevicesoveraNAN.Itcommunicateswithintelligentendpoints,includingmetersandBridges.TheAccessPointcanalsopassinformationthroughmultipleSilverSpringRelaysorthroughSilverSpring‐enabledelectricitymetersorMasterBridges.Anditoffersmultiplepathstoeachendpoint,throughsophisticatedmeshnetworkroutingthatensuresgreaterreliabilityandredundancy.TheAccessPointalsoprovidesWANconnectivitytoyourutility’smission‐criticalapplicationsthroughdigitalcellularorEthernetconnections.Figure 3. APs in the Silver Spring Network

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access PointsUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 9SpecificationsTheAPhardwarespecificationsarelistedinTable1.Table 1. Access Point specifications Feature Description900-MHz Communications:Data rate 100 - 300 KbpsFrequencies 902-928 MHz North America915-928 MHz Australia902-907.5, 915-928 MHz Brazil870-876 MHz Luxembourg & United Kingdom870-873 MHz Portugal922-928 MHz New ZealandSpread Spectrum technology FHSSTransmitter output 30 dBmOutput impedance 50 ohmsReceiver sensitivity -97 dBm for 1% PERWAN Cellular, Ethernet, SatellitePhysical Interfaces:Antenna connector N Type, FemaleNAN antenna Omni antenna with gain not to exceed 3.6dBi on 2.4GHz and 6.0dBi on 900MHzCellular antenna Mobile Mark antenna RMM-UMB-1S-WHT-7Protocols/Security:Addressing Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)Security Secure Hash Algorithm 256 bit (SHA-256) RSA-1024 and /or ECC-256Encryption AES-128 or AES-256Mechanical:Cellular 24cm (9.5”) L x 25cm (10”) W x 13cm (5.2”) H, 2.38kg (5.1 lbs.) weight, IP65, white, aluminum housingEthernet 23cm (9”) L x 20cm (8”) W x 10cm (4”) H, 1.8kg (4 lbs.) weight, IP65, white, aluminum housingUnderground (cellular) 34cm (13.5”) L x 29cm (11.5”) W x 15cm (6”) H, 6.2kg (13.6 lbs.) weight, IP67, fiberglass reinforced polyester (FRP) housingEnvironmental:Operating Temperature: -40°C to +70°C (-40°F to +158°F)Humidity: 0% to 95%, non-condensingPowerVoltage Range: 96 to 250 VAC, ~ 1A, 50 to 60Hz

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access PointsUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 10European Union ComplianceThissectiondescribesSilverSpringNetworks’compliancewiththeEUR&TTEDirective.TheAccessPoint1.5iusesaoneWattFHSSradio.Licenseshavebeenissuedasfollows:•LuxembourgAlicensehasbeenobtainedfromILR(InstitutLuxembourgeoisdeRegulation)tooperateinLuxembourginthe870‐876MHzband.•UnitedKingdomAlicensehasbeenobtainedfromOfcomtooperateinUKinthe870‐876MHzband.•PortugalAlicensehasbeenobtainedfromANACOMtooperateinPortugalinthe870‐873MHzband.Thisdevicehasbeendesignedtooperatewithandcertifiedforantennasthathaveamaximumgainof3.0dBion900MHz.Antennasthathaveagaingreaterthanspecifiedarestrictlyprohibitedforusewiththisdevice.Therequiredantennaimpedanceis50ohms.Installationofallantennaradiatingelementsshallhaveaminimumseparationdistanceof20cmfromallpersonsandmustnotbeco‐locatedoroperatinginconjunctionwithanyothertransmitter.Declaration of Conformity with regard to the R&TTE Directive 1999/5/ECThisdeclarationisonlyvalidforconfigurations(combinationsofsoftware,firmware,andhardware)providedandsupportedbySilverSpringNetworksInc.TheuseofsoftwareorfirmwarenotprovidedandsupportedbySilverSpringNetworksInc.mayresultintheequipmentnolongerbeingcompliantwiththeregulatoryrequirements.Power Consumption Idle MaximumEthernet 2.5W, 7WEthernet with battery 2.5W, 8WCellular 2.5W, 12.5WCellular with battery 2.5W, 13.5WBattery Backup Option: > 8 hour operationReceive Sensitivity Receive sensitivity is -102 dBm @ 10-6 BER.Mounting Kit Options:Pole Wooden, concrete, lightOther Wall, padApprovals:FCC Part 15.247Industry Canada RSS-210Table 1. Access Point specifications (Continued)Feature Description

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access PointsUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 11Note: The equipment is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC.Thefollowingstandardswereapplied:•EMC: EN55022(2010),EN55024(2010),EN61000‐3‐2(2006)EN61000‐3‐3(2008),ETSIEN301489‐3v1.4.1•Safety: EN60950‐1:2006,EN60950‐22:2006,BS‐EN62311(2008)•Radio: ETSIEN300220‐1v2.3.1(2010‐02),ETSIEN300220‐2v2.3.1(2009‐12),TheconformityassessmentprocedurereferredtoinArticle10anddetailedinAnnexIVofDirective1999/5/EChasbeenfollowed.Note: This equipment is intended to be used in Luxembourg, United Kingdom, and Portugal in conjunction with licenses. For more details, contact Silver Spring Networks Compliance.TheproductcarriestheCEMark:AcopyoftheDeclarationofConformitymaybeobtainedwithformalrequestto:SilverSpringNetworks,c/oHardwareEngineering555BroadwayStreetRedwoodCity,CA94063,USADeclaration of Conformity for RF Exposure ThissystemhasbeenevaluatedforRFexposureforHumansinreferencetoEN62311(2008)Assessmentofelectronicandelectricalequipmentrelatedtohumanexposurerestrictionsforelectromagneticfields(0Hz–300GHz).Theminimumseparationdistancefromtheantennatogeneralbystanderis20cm(7.9inches).Installation NoteSinceAPsdonothaveapoweron/offswitchfordisconnectingACpowerbeforeservicing,ACpowerisprovidedthroughanACmainsdisconnectswitchorbreaker.Therefore,theelectricalinstallationofthisproductisunderthecontrolofthepowerutilitiesortheirauthorizedsubcontractors.Refertotheirproceduresforfurtherinstructions.Onlycertaintypesofbatteriescanbeusedforbatteryreplacements.ContactSilverSpringNetworksforinformationaboutequivalentbatterytypesthatcanbeusedforreplacement.Maintenance Procedures IfanAccessPointexperiencesanoutage,allendpointdevicesandRelaysthatwereassociatedwithitwillconvergeontheirsecondaryAccessPointasfoundwithintheirNodeQs.ThisalleviatesoutagesduetoAccessPointfailure.UtilityIQ‐NetworkElementManager(NEM),GridScape,orHCMisthenalertedofanAccessPointoutage,andforwards

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access PointsUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 12thismessagetotheoperator.Sparepre‐configuredAccessPointsarekeptonhand,andarescheduledfornetworkinsertionwithintheutilitiesworkordermanagementsystem.WithinNEM,GridScape,orHCM,thefailedAccessPointisflaggedforRMA,andthedeviceisreplaced.Surge Protection APscomplywithupto20kVforcombinationwaveandupto6kVforringwaves(reflectsthecurrentEthernetAPandprojectedassembly.)Redundant WAN OptionWANredundancyisinherenttotheroutedMeshbeingofferedbySilverSpringNetworks.AccessPointshavetheabilitytoidentifyWANoutagesandforwardtraffictosecondaryAccessPointsthroughtheir902‐928FHSSinterface.ThereisnodowntimerealizedandasroutestotheWANbecomeunavailable,thoseroutesageoutoftheroutetablesofadjacentnodesaswouldbeexpectedinafull‐meshnetworkthatcontinuouslyupdatesnodequeuesandroutetables.WhenanAPbecomesunavailable,theroutedMeshdynamicallyreconfigurestoavailableAPs.WhentheAPcomesbackonline,theroutedMeshdynamicallyreconfigurestoincludetheAPintheMeshnetwork.ItisthesuggestionofSilverSpringthatmultiplecellularcarriersbespreadacrosstheterritorytoreducetheimpactofawidescalecellularoutage.Inaddition,theco‐minglingofprivatebackhaulsuchasprivatenetworkfoundwithinsubstationsisalsoanoption.TheSilverSpringNetworksAccessPointcanusepublicorprivatebackhaultechnologiestocommunicatetothehostsystem(UtilityIQ,GridScape,orHCM)attheUtilityheadend.AnAPcanhaveacellularmodem(suchasthoseapprovedforuseonCDMAorGeneralPacketRadioService(GPRS)systemsfromSprint,AT&T,Telusorothercarrier)oranybroadbandtechnologythatisEthernet/IPcompatible(suchasWi‐Fi,fiber,privatemicrowaveorWiMAX).CurrentSilverSpiringcustomersareusingcellularmodems,fiberbackhaul,andprivatelicensedandunlicensedwirelessbackhaultechnologies.Additionally,somecustomersarecurrentlyexperimentingwithsatellitebackhaulconnectionsandwillbedeployingthistechnologywhereneeded.Mounting OptionsTheAccessPointscanbemountedonautilitypoleorlightpole.Thecanbepadmountedaswellaswallmounted.(Foradditionalinformation,refertotheSilverSpringNetworksInfrastructureHardwareGuide.)SilverSpringrecommendsthattheunitsbemountedataheightof7to9meters.WAN Options AnyWANbackhaulthatcaninterfacewiththeAccessPoint’sEthernetportandprovideIPv4connectivitytotheHESwithaminimumof40kbpscanbeusedasbackhaul.Customershaveusedthefollowingalternativebackhaultechnologies:•DistributionSubstationBackhaul(forexample,fiber)•WiMAX•SatelliteRadios

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access PointsUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 13ThedesignruleforAccessPointtoRFdevicesis1to5,000.Atthisratio,themaximumdatathroughputrequiredfromaWANsolutionis40kbpsperAccessPoint.Basedonreal‐worlddataonanetworkofthissize,theaveragewirelessspeedismeasuredat2.6Mbpsdownstreamand700Kbpsupstream,whichiswellinexcessofrequirements.Thebackhaulisfairlyinsensitivetolatency(thatis,inremotelocations,SilverSpringalreadyprovensuccessfulconnectionusingsatelliteradioswhichhavea~1.5sRTT‐orRoundTripTime).SilverSpringrecommendsthatthenetworkdesignforaparticulardeploymentlimitexposuretosinglepointsoffailureandproactivelydesignforredundancybyallowingeachRFdevicetobereachedfrommorethanoneAccessPoint.Inallbutruraldensities,havingupto5,000RFdevicesperAPgenerallyresultsinmostRFdevicesbeingabletoreachmorethanoneAccessPoint.Throughput PerformanceTypicaldatapacketsizesobservedinSmartGridsystemsisbetween150bytesforDAorothersimplecommandandcontrolapplications.AnormalHCMandAMImeterreadpacketisapproximately350bytesincludingfullmeasurementintervals,eventlogs,andinstantaneousregisterreads.At100Kbps(10bytes/ms),deliveryof150bytepacketsoccursat10fulltransactionspersecond.ThelargerAMI/HCMpacketsaredeliveredat3‐5transactionspersecond.Thesearetypicalobservedratesanditshouldbementionedthatforreliabilityreasonsalltransactionsarecompletelyacknowledgedfour‐wayconfirmedevents.Thoughfinaldataisnotavailable,raisingon‐airdataratesfrom100Kbpsto300KbpswillroughlydoublethePPSratesattheaggregationpoints(AccessPoints).ThismovesthedailycapacityofanAccessPointfromapproximately400,000transactionsperdaytonearlyamillion.ThebandwidthbeingfedtotheWANsideoftheAccessPointisdeterminedbywhatbackhaulisbeingused.WiththeAccessPointbeingarouterandnotacollector,dataisconstantlybeingtransmittedthroughtheWAN,eliminatingtheneedtostoredataforlatertransmission(StoreandForward).TheAccessPoint,using100KbpsontheNANside,aggregates3000‐5000meters,bridges,orotherRFdevices,whileprocessingapproximately5transactionspersecondanddeliveringupwardsof500,000transactionsperdaytothebackoffice.TherawthroughputintheRFNANintheSilverSpringsmartgridsolutionis100Kbpsnode‐to‐node.Thismeansthatbetweeneachdevice,thereis100Kbpsofavailablebandwidth.Onaverage,theamountoftrafficisrelativelylowwithrespecttotheamountofavailablebandwidth.Figure4illustratesdatacollectedfromalivecustomernetworkoveraperiodofoneweek.Asshown,theaveragebandwidthconsumedbyAdvancedMeteringtrafficisapproximately

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access PointsUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 1415Kbpsor15%,leaving85%forothersmartgridsolutionssuchasDAorDR(disasterrecovery).ItisworthnotingthatthereareanumberoffactorsthatimpacteachRFMeshlinkbetweenanytwonodesincludingbutnotlimitedto:scheduledjobs(suchasmeterreads),pathselectionfromanRFdevicetoanAccessPoint,failuresoroutages,etc.Aneffectivemethodtomonitornetworkperformance(datatransmission,bandwidthutilization,etc.)isatanAccessPointastheAPisthetakeoutpointforallassociatedRFdevices.MeaningRFdevicesandRelaysintheSilverSpringNANareconstantlyretuningto,optimizingtheirpathsandreportingintotheirAccessPoints.AlltrafficflowinginandoutoftheRFMeshnetworkmusttraversetheAccessPoint.WhileitisfairlysimpletomonitorasingleAccessPoint,itisimportanttorealizethattherearetypicallymanyAccessPointsinacommerciallydeployedsmartgridsystem.TheSilverSpringsolutionenablesallAccessPointstooperateindependentlyandinparallel,effectivelyincreasingthroughputandreducinglatency.TheSilverSpringUtilityIQNEM,GridScape,andHCMenabletheconfigurationofpolicesforbandwidthutilizationforboththeWANandtheNAN.Onceconfigured,themonitoringapplicationsgeneratealertsforanybandwidthutilizationpolicyviolations.Thenetworkstatisticsreportprovidesdetailedinsightintopotentialnetworkloadissues.ThemonitoringapplicationscanmeasureandreportonRFcharacteristicsintheNAN,includingtheidentificationofdevicesassociatedwithareasofpoorcoverage.HavingsuchdataenablesSilverSpringtoassesswhethersuchareasrequirethedeploymentofadditionalRelaysorAccessPoints.Thisisespeciallyusefulintheearlyphasesofadeployment.Figure 4. Average bandwidth consumed by AMI traffic

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access PointsUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 15Figure 5. AP Failure management1Alert Recieved2AlertCleared?3Ping the IPv6 Address of the AP4IPv6 reachable ?5AlertCleared?6Ping the IPv4 Address of the AP7IPv4reachable?8B/D OAP?9Use WirelessACE utility to isolate Problem10Traceroute to the IPv4 Address of the AP11 Traceroute terminates inside L42?12From a remote server ping the IPv4 address of AP13IPv4reachable?14Identify Neighbouring Devices16AP Seen in neighbour NodeQ?15 Check NodeQ of neighbours17Is reboot counter increasing?18Attempt to reboot Manually19Manual rebootresolve?20Carrier Network OKStopProblem with Event Monitoring –Call ITStopProblem with AP Hardware –Call Field EngineerProblem with WAN Network –Call WAN Carrier Problem with WAN Network –Wait for resolutionProblem with AP Hardware –Call Field EngineerProblem with AP Hardware –Call Field EngineerProblem with AP Hardware –Call Field EngineerProblem with 6in4 tunnel – Call ITProblem with BO Network – Call ITProblem with BO Network – Call ITNoYesYesYesNoNoYes YesAP6in4YesNoYesNoNoYesYesYesNoNoYesNo

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access PointsUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 16Responding to a WAN FailureAnAPmightnotbereachablebecausethedevicecannotdialoutontheWAN.Thedevicecontinuestotrydialingoutuntilitiseitherabletoconnect,orithasdialed308times.Ifitcanconnect,thedevicenotifiestheeventmanagementprogramthatithassuccessfullyrecovered.Ifitcannot,thenthemodemresetsitself.ThebehaviorofanAPrepeatedlybecomingunreachable,andthenrecoveringshortlyafter,iscalledflapping.Asmallamountofflappingisnormal.Becauseadevicecanrecoveronitsown,waitforonedayofdowntime,oronetotwodaysoffrequentflappingbeforeinvestigatingfurther.Filteringandreviewingtheeventmanagementprogrammailalertsregularlycanhelptoidentifydevicesthatneedattention.Thestandardoperatingprocedureregardingcollectorfailure/managementisshowninFigure5onpage15.Multicast / Unicast CommunicationsCommandssentfromhead‐endmonitoringapplications(NEM,GridScape,orHCM)throughtheAccessPoint(AP)areunicast,asthereceiptofeachpacketmustbeacknowledged.However,insimilarfashiontomulticast,commandscanbesenttoastaticallyordynamicallydefinedgroupofRFdevicesforeaseofmanageability.Inaddition,theHESsends“Jobs”outinparalleltoAccessPoints,thattheninturn,sendcommandsouttoendpoints.Theresultingeffectisparallelprocessingthataccomplishesamulticast‐likeservice.Networking EachNICinSilverSpringRFdevicesregisterswithtwoIPv6addresses–oneforeachoftwoAPs:aprimaryandsecondaryAP.Whenonedies,anotherisfound.Fromatopologyperspective,eachAPisitsownIPv6subnet.SoNICsareintwodifferentsubnets‐oneforeachAP.Theend‐to‐endprotocolwithintheNANisAES128/256bit,cryptoIPv6.AstheAccessPointunderstandsthefulltopologyoftheunderlyingmesh,theIPv6packetissourceroutedfromtheAPtoeachenddevice–meaningthatthefullcommunicationpathfromtheAccessPointtothedeviceisspecified,hopbyhop,inthepacket.TheNANendpointtoAccessPointroutingdecisionsaremadehop‐by‐hop(thatis,theNANendpointwillsendtheIPv6packettoitsneighborthathastheleastcostroutetotheAccessPoint.ThenthisneighborwillforwardthepackettoitsneighborwiththebestrouteuntilthepacketreachestheAccessPoint.(TheAccessPointacquiresitsunderstandingofthefullmeshtopologybecauseitsendsrouteadvertisementmessagesatrandomizedintervals.)NANsystemonewaylatencyismeasuredat50msperhopbetweenanypointsintheNAN.TheSilverSpringnetworkdesignexpectsonaverage,nomorethan6hopstoanyendpoint(suchasameterorDataLinkControl,DLC,device).Thiswouldtypicallyyield300msofNANlatencytoanyRForDLCdevice.Inaddition,anAccessPointcanprocessupto10packetspersecond.EachDLCcommandconsistsofasinglepacket,withoneassociatedACKpacket.WithnootherAMItraffictraversinganAccessPoint,anAccessPointcouldprocess100DLCcommandsandACKs,inapproximately30seconds.Thecellularmodemhasstore‐and‐forwardGPSreportingcapabilitywithaccuracynolessthan10meters.

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access PointsUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 17Address ManagementFortheLAN,aDDNS(DynamicDNS)systemisused.EachdevicehasoneormoreIPv6addressedassignedtoit,basedonitslocationinthenetworkandrouteoutoftheLAN.Theseaddressesarethenstoredattheheadendandusedforallcommunicationswiththedevices(ping,trace,reads,etc.),givingthecustomeratrue,nativeend‐to‐endIPnetwork.Administration ThissectiondiscussesadministrativeissuesaboutAccessPoints.TheRavenXmodemineachAPhasaTELNETportthatisusedforinternalcommunicationssupportpurposes.TheRavenXmodemontheAPusesport6543forTELNET.DonotdisablethisportasdoingsowillpreventtheSierraWirelessapplicationfromcommunicating.Note: Silver Spring does not support end users accessing the AP’s modem TELNET port.Justlikeameter,itispossibletopinganAccessPoint.TheSilverSpringsolutionusesIPv6,soitissimplyamatterofinvokinganon‐demandping.ThiscanbeaccomplishedthroughtheUtilityIQ‐AMMuserinterface,throughwebservices,throughGridScape,orthroughHCM.YoushouldgettwopingresponsesforeachAP.OneisfromtheRavenXmodem.TheotherisfromtheNICintheAP.Toinvokeanon‐demandpingagainstanAccessPoint,navigatetotheappropriateDeviceDetailspageandclickontheOnDemandPinglink(locationvarieswitheachmonitorapplication).Figure6illustratesthepingsequenceforUtilityIQ’sAMMapplication.Also,UtilityIQAMMexposesawebservicesAPIforinvokingon‐demandpingsagainstAccessPoints.Figure 6. Ping sequence

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 2 FCC and Government GuidelinesUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 192FCC and Government Guidelines Silver Spring Networks NIC FCC ID: OWS-NIC44 IC: 5975A-NIC44 M/N: NIC44TheAP/RelayNICisREQUIREDtobeprofessionallyinstalledbyaproperlytrainedtechnician.Improperinstallationcouldvoidtheuserʹsauthoritytooperatetheequipment.ThedevicecomplieswithPart15oftheFCCrules.Operationissubjecttothefollowingtwoconditions:1. Thedevicemaynotcauseharmfulinterference.2. Thedevicemustacceptanyinterferencereceived,includinginterferencethatmaycauseundesiredoperation.Theantennaofthistransmittermustnotbeco‐locatedoroperatinginconjunctionwithanyotherantennaortransmitter.Thedeviceshouldbeinstalledsothatpeoplewillnotcomewithin23cm(9in.)oftheantenna.ThisequipmenthasbeentestedandfoundtocomplywithPart15oftheFCCRules.Thisequipmentgenerates,uses,andcanradiateradiofrequencyenergy,andifnotinstalledandusedinaccordancewiththeinstructions,maycauseharmfulinterferencetoradiocommunications.However,thereisnoguaranteethatinterferencewillnotoccurinaparticularinstallation.Ifthisequipmentdoescauseharmfulinterferencetoradioortelevisionreception(whichcanbedeterminedbyturningtheequipmentoffandon),theuserisencouragedtotrytocorrecttheinterferencebyoneormoreofthefollowingmeasures:•Reorientorrelocatethereceivingantenna.•Increasetheseparationbetweentheequipmentandreceiver.•Connecttheequipmentintoanoutletonacircuitdifferentfromthattowhichthereceiverdisconnected.•Consultthedealeroranexperiencedradio/TVtechnicianforhelp.Figure 7. Sample FCC ID label for NIC PCAAP,44,ETHERNET,USACatalog#200‐040001FCCID:OWS‐NIC44IC:5975A‐NIC44ModelNo.:NIC44ThisdevicecomplieswithPart15oftheFCCRules.Operationissubjecttothefollowingtwoconditions:(1)thisdevicemaynotcauseharmfulinterferenceand(2)thisdevicemustacceptanyinterferencereceived,includinginterferencethatmaycauseundesiredoperation.

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 2 FCC and Government GuidelinesUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 20FCC Guidelines for Devices Containing a Transmitter Module ThefollowingisanextractfromFCCPART15UNLICENSEDMODULARTRANSMITTERAPPROVAL,DA00‐1407,Released:June26,2000,Section6describinglabelingrequirementsfordevicescontainingamodulartransmitter.Section6.ThemodulartransmittermustbelabeledwithitsownFCCIDnumber,and,iftheFCCIDisnotvisiblewhenthemoduleisinstalledinsideanotherdevice,thentheoutsideofthedeviceintowhichthemoduleisinstalledmustalsodisplayalabelreferringtotheenclosedmodule.Thisexteriorlabelcanusewordingsuchasthefollowing:“ContainsTransmitterModuleFCCID:XYZMODEL1”or“ContainsFCCID:XYZMODEL1.”Anysimilarwordingthatexpressesthesamemeaningmaybeused.TheGranteemayeitherprovidesuchalabel,anexampleofwhichmustbeincludedintheapplicationforequipmentauthorization,or,mustprovideadequateinstructionsalongwiththemodulewhichexplainthisrequirement.Inthelattercase,acopyoftheseinstructionsmustbeincludedintheapplicationforequipmentauthorization.Industry Canada Guidelines for Devices Containing a Transmitter Module For All Radio TransmittersThisradiotransmitter5975A‐NIC44hasbeenapprovedbyIndustryCanadatooperatewiththeantennatypeslistedbelowwiththemaximumpermissiblegainandrequiredantennaimpedanceforeachantennatypeindicated.Antennatypesnotincludedinthislist,havingagaingreaterthanthemaximumgainindicatedforthattype,arestrictlyprohibitedforusewiththisdevice.Antenneomnidirectionnelle,3.0dBisur900MHzet2,4GHzsur3.6dBiLeprésentémetteurradio(identifierledispositifparsonnumérodecertificationousonnumérodemodèlesʹilfaitpartiedumatérieldecatégorieI)aétéapprouvéparIndustrieCanadapourfonctionneraveclestypesdʹantenneénumérésci‐dessousetayantungainCAUTION: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Silver Spring Networks could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.Figure 8. Sample FCC ID label for devices containing a NICContains FCC ID: WWWXXXXX IC:YYYYY-XXXXM/N: ZZZZZ

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 2 FCC and Government GuidelinesUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 21admissiblemaximaletlʹimpédancerequisepourchaquetypedʹantenne.Lestypesdʹantennenoninclusdanscetteliste,oudontlegainestsupérieuraugainmaximalindiqué,sontstrictementinterditspourlʹexploitationdelʹémeeur.UnderIndustryCanadaregulations,thisradiotransmittermayonlyoperateusinganantennaofatypeandmaximum(orlesser)gainapprovedforthetransmitterbyIndustryCanada.Toreducepotentialradiointerferencetootherusers,theantennatypeanditsgainshouldbesochosenthattheequivalentisotropicallyradiatedpower(e.i.r.p.)isnotmorethanthatnecessaryforsuccessfulcommunication.ConformémentàlaréglementationdʹIndustrieCanada,leprésentémetteurradiopeutfonctionneravecuneantennedʹuntypeetdʹungainmaximal(ouinférieur)approuvépourlʹémetteurparIndustrieCanada.Danslebutderéduirelesrisquesdebrouillageradioélectriqueàlʹintentiondesautresutilisateurs,ilfautchoisirletypedʹantenneetsongaindesortequelapuissanceisotroperayonnéeéquivalente(p.i.r.e.)nedépassepaslʹintensiténécessaireàlʹétablissementdʹunecommunicationsatisfaisante.For Transmitters Not Requiring LicensesThisdevicecomplieswithIndustryCanadalicence‐exemptRSSstandard(s).Operationissubjecttothefollowingtwoconditions:(1)thisdevicemaynotcauseinterference,and(2)thisdevicemustacceptanyinterference,includinginterferencethatmaycauseundesiredoperationofthedevice.LeprésentappareilestconformeauxCNRdʹIndustrieCanadaapplicablesauxappareilsradioexemptsdelicence.Lʹexploitationestautoriséeauxdeuxconditionssuivantes:(1)lʹappareilnedoitpasproduiredebrouillage,et(2)lʹutilisateurdelʹappareildoitacceptertoutbrouillageradioélectriquesubi,mêmesilebrouillageestsusceptibledʹencompromettrelefonctionnement.Safety InformationCarefulplanningofeveryjobisessential.Nothingshouldbetakenforgranted.Donottakechances!•Readandfollowallapprovedpoliciesandproceduresprovidedbyyouremployerassociatedwiththeproceduresinthismanual.•Theproceduresinthismanualmustonlybeperformedbyqualifiedworkersinaccordancewithlocalutilitysafetypractices,utilityrequirements,andapplicableOSHAandNFPAstandards.WARNING: Severe shock and explosion hazard! Touching energized parts can result in massive equipment damage, and severe injury or death. Short-circuiting energized parts will result in blinding flash and explosion. Opening and closing electrical circuits can also produce dangerous and explosive arc flashes. Involuntary muscular reactions associated with electrical shock may result in other injuries. Observe the following safety guidelines.

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 2 FCC and Government GuidelinesUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 22•Theinformationcontainedinthisdocumentisintendedtoaidqualifiedpersonnel,andisnotareplacementforthepropertrainingrequiredtomakeapersonqualified.•SilverSpringNetworksassumesnoliabilityforthecustomerʹsfailuretofollowthesesafetyguidelines.General Electrical Safety•Performtheproceduresinthismanualinaccordancewithapplicableworkplacestandardsestablishedbythefollowingagencies:— OccupationalSafetyandHealthAct(OSHA).—TheNationalElectricalCodepublishedbytheNationalFireProtectionAssociation(NFPA‐70).—NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(NEMA).— ElectronicsIndustriesAssociation(EIA).—InsulatedPowerCableEngineersAssociation(IPCEA).•AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI).Wheneverpossible,de‐energizeallcircuitsorequipmentbeforeworkingonthem.•Maintainaminimumclearanceof10feet(3meters)betweenlinepotentialandallunqualifiedpersonsatalltimes.•Keepunauthorizedpeopleoutoftheworkarea.Beespeciallycautiousofchildren,whotendtobedrawntoworkactivity.•DeterminingifacircuitisOFFcanbedifficultinsomeinstances.Checkforcircuitvoltagewithanappropriatevoltmeterbeforeworkingonequipmentpresumedtohavebeende‐energized.Tiebreakers,doublethrowdisconnectswitches,automatictransferswitchesandemergencygeneratorscansupplypowerthroughanalternatecircuitorfromanothersource.•120Vcurrentcanbejustalethalashighervoltagesbecausecurrentflowthroughabodydependsuponthebodyʹsresistance.•Donottrustinsulationand/orweatherproofingonawireasprotectionfromshock.•Useelectricallyinsulatedtools.Inspectportableelectricalequipmentortoolsfordefectsandremoveanydefectivedevicesfromserviceimmediately.AllportableelectricalequipmentmusthaveGroundFaultCircuitInterrupter(GFCI)protection.•Selecttherighttoolforthejob.Usetoolsproperly.Keeptoolsingoodworkingorder.•Makesuretheworkareaisfreeofanyflammablematerial.Flammablevaporscanbeignitedbyanarcflash.•Keeptheworkareacleananddry.Clutteredworkareascauseaccidentsandinjuries.•Providegoodlightingintheworkarea.Youcannotworksafelyifyoucannotseewhatyouaredoing.•Reportunsafeconditionsordefectiveequipmenttoyourimmediatesupervisor.

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 2 FCC and Government GuidelinesUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 23•Handlematerialcarefully.Liftandcarryproperly.Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)•AlwayswearPersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE),inaccordancewithOSHAandANSIstandards.•Weareyeprotectionandelectricallyinsulatedgloves.TestglovesinaccordancewithANSIstandardsbeforeuse.Donotuseglovesthatdonotpassappropriatetestprocedures.•Wearprotectiveclothingsuchaslongsleeveshirtsandlongpantsmadeofflameresistantmaterials.•Removealljewelry.•Donotpassanyobjectstoorfromotherpersonsnotprotectedbyinsulatingplatformsortested,electricallyinsulatedgloves.Fall Protection Whenperformingworkatanyelevation:•Alwaysuseafallprotectionsystem,inaccordancewithOSHAstandards,wheneverperformingworkatanyelevation.•Neveruseconductors,guywires,pins,orcross‐armbraces,etc.tosupportyourweight.•Wheneverusingaerialliftdevicessuchashoists,man‐lifts,vehicle‐mountedworkplatformsandoverheadlifts,readandfollowthemanufacturerʹsguidelinesforsafeandproperoperation.•Useladdersandscaﬀoldingonlyinaccordancewiththemanufacturerʹsguidelinesand/oraccordingtoOSHAstandards.•Onlyuseladdersmadeofnon‐metallic,non‐conductivematerial.Theyshouldbethepropersizeandtypefortheworkintended.Inspectladdersforwearandbreakage.Removeanyoil,grease,orotherslipperymaterials.•Donotsettheladderattoosteeportooshallowofanangle.Aruleofthumbistostanderectwithyourtoesagainstthebottomrailsoftheladder,withyourarmsextendedstraightout.Ifyoucansetyourpalmsontopoftherungthatisateyelevel,theladdershouldbeattheproperangle.Ifaladderanglelabelisprovided,followitsrecommendations.•Iftheladderistoremaininplaceforanextendedperiod,secureitatthetop.Thesupportpointatthetopoftheladdershouldbeatleast24inches(60centimeters)widetomaintainsupportintheeventofsidewaysmovement.Forjobsofshortduration,haveafellowworkersupporttheladderatthebase.•Evaluatealltaskstobeperformedfromaladderforpotentialfallhazards,suchascomplextasksorsituationsthatrequireleaningfromthesideoftheladder.•Theuseofscaffoldingoraworkplatformshouldbeconsideredasanalternativesolutioninsuchcases.

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 2 FCC and Government GuidelinesUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 24Shock Accident First Aid •Donottouchthevictimwithyourbarehands;usesomethingnon‐conductivetoseparatethevictimfromtheenergysource.•Callforemergencymedicalhelpimmediately.Keepthevictimlyingdown,warm,andcomfortableuntilhelparrives.Avoidmovingthevictimincaseofinjurytoneckorback.Positionanunconsciousvictimonasidetoletfluidsdrain.•Checkthevictimʹsbreathingandheartbeat.Ifproperlytrained,applymouth‐to‐mouthresuscitationand/orCPRifnecessary.•Removeconstrictingitemsfromthevictim,suchasshoes,belts,jewelry,andtightcollars;theycouldcutoffcirculationifthevictimexperiencesswelling.•Applywaterorsalineforafewminutestoanyburnsuntiltheskinreturnstonormaltemperature.Donotattempttoremoveclothingthatisstucktoaburn.Ifpossible,elevateburnedareastoreduceswelling.•Makesurethevictimreceivesprofessionalmedicalattention,eveniftheyfeelfine.Electricshockcancauseheartfailurehoursaftertheshockisreceived.

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points IndexUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 25IndexAAccess Point 5Access Point 1.5i 10address management 17addressing 9addressing scheme 8ANACOM 10ANSIC37.90.2 7ANSI C12.2 7ANSI C12.20 7APAccess Point 5administration 17cellular 5configuration 18Ethernet 5hardware specifications 9pinging 17rebooting 7recycling 7types 5Bbackhaul 8battery backup 5, 6BS-EN 62311 11CCE Mark 11cellular AP 5collector 4concentrator 4Conducted Immunity 7Ddata packet size 13DDNS (Dynamic DNS) 17Declaration of Conformity 10Directive 1999/5/EC 11Distribution Substation Backhaul 12DNS (Domain Name System) 17EEC 60950-1 7Electrical Fast Transients 7electromagnetic susceptibility standard 7electrostatic discharge standard 7EMC standards 11EN300 220-1 v2.3.1 (2010-02) 11300 220-2 v2.3.1 (2009-12) 1155022 (2010) 1155024(2010) 1160950-22 2006 1161000-3-2 (2006) 1161000-3-3 (2008) 1162311(2008) 11encryption 9Ethernet AP 5ETSI EN 11EU R&TTE Directive 10FFCC (Federal Communications Commission) 10FHSS (Frequency Hopping, Spread Spectrum) 5fiber 12flapping 16float 6float life 7GGPRS (General Packet Radio Service) 12GridScape 6HHAN Communications Manager (HCM) 4hardware specifications 9humidity 9humidity standard 7

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points IndexUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 26IIBP (Infrastructure Battery Pack) 6IEC801.2 7IEC 60068-2-1 7IEC 60068-2-2 7IEC 60068-2-27 7IEC 60068-2-6 7IEC 60068-2-8 7IEC 60950-22 7IEC 61000-4-11 7IEC 61000-4-2 7IEC 61000-4-3 7IEC 61000-4-4 7IEC 61000-4-5 7IEC 61000-4-6 7IEC 61000-4-8 7Industry Canada 10Infrastructure 6Institut Luxembourgeois de Regulation 10intelligent endpoints 4IP (Internet Protocol) 8IPv4 address 8MMagnetic Immunity 7maintenance 11microwave 12Mobile data antenna 6modem 8mounting 4mounting options 12multicast 16NNANantenna 6Neighborhood Area Network 4NEBS 3 7NIC 16OOfcom 10operating shock standard 7operating temperature 9Operating Temperature standard 7operating vibration standard 7PPart 15.247 10power connector 6power requirements 7RR&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC 10radio standards 11RavenX modem 17receive sensitivity 10redundant WAN 12RF devices 8RSS-210 10SSafety Standard for Information Technology Equipment 7safety standards 11Satellite radios 12security 9Sierra Wireless AirLink PinPoint X 8standards complianceANSIC37.90.2 7IEC801.2 7NEBS3 7surge protection 12surge withstand capability standard 7Ttake-out point 4TELNET port 17Telus 12tunnel 8

Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points IndexUnderstanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 4 March 2013 Silver Spring Networks 27Uunicast 16UtilityIQ 6VVoltage Dips & Interrupts 7voltage range 9WWANfailures 16options 12Wide Area Network 5Wi-Fi 12WiMAX 12