K Best Technology 5111R E1 Spread Spectrum Radios User Manual 2 of 4

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Date Submitted	2005-03-25 00:00:00
Date Available	2005-03-24 00:00:00
Creation Date	2005-03-24 18:33:32
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Document Title	User Manual 2 of 4.pdf
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Document Author:	MKuo

E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Random noise was first regarded as an element that damages the quality and quantity of communicative
signals in communication technology. The random noise in signal channels often distorts the simulated
signal produced or bit error to appear upon the demodulation of digital signals. At the same time, it is also
one of the elements that limit the channel capacity. Consequently, human’s early attempt was to remove
or lessen all the pseudo noise in the communication system. Nonetheless, some of them decided to
obtain all these pseudo noise. For example, communicative equipments or systems testing in laboratory
require an addition of certain noise. So it is necessary to produce/obtain noise here.
In the late 1940s, along with the communication theory, Claude Shannon pointed out that under certain
conditions, for the most effective communications, must adopt signals containing the statistical property
of white noise. Besides, in order to achieve communications of high reliability and privacy, we must use
random noise. However, the biggest difficulty faced in using random noise is that it is not easy to
repeatedly produced and processed. Until the 60’s, the pseudo random noise came about and solve all
these problems.
Pseudo random noise poses statistical property similar to random noise. At the same time, it can be
repeatedly produced and processed easily. It has increasingly been extensively use practically because it
poses the advantages of random noise and none of its disadvantages. In today’s world, it has been
extensively used in digital circuit produced periodic series (after filtering). In the future, this shall be called
the periodic series or the random series.
Pseudo random sequences are generated using a binary shift register with taps that are modulo-2 added
together and fed back to the register's input. The name commonly used for this simple circuit is linear
feedback shift register, or LFSR. Another type is known as the Non-Linear Feedback Shift Registers.
Only certain combinations of feedback taps will result in maximal-length sequences, called m-sequences.
These are the longest sequences possible given a specific shift register size, and they have many
desirable properties. If the register size is m stages, the length of the m-sequence will be 2m-1.
Nowadays, the equipments used are mostly PRBS of m-sequence: x15 + x + 1, 100003.
C4. Ber-Clear
Clear all accumulated bit error on starting the BER transmission test. Press the OK button.
Figure 5-37 Ber-Clear
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C5. Count-Add:
Display all the current accumulated bit error on starting the BER transmission test.
Figure 5-38 Count-Add:n
C6. P-Acc-T: nS
Display all accumulated BER time.
Figure 5-39 P-Acc-T:nS
C7. IF-Loop: En/Dis
Perform IF Loopback at the IF interface for the convenience of testing the IDU’s stability. Press OK. Use the
Right/Left button for selecting either En/Dis (En: Enable/Dis: Disable). Press OK button again to execute the
function. This can be used along with E1 transmission tester.
Figure 5-40 IF-Loop:En/Dis (1)
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In IF Loopback, I
appears at the right bottom of the LCD. TEST led gives an orange glow.
Figure 5-41 IF-Loop:En/Dis (2)
C8. RF-Loop: En/Dis
In RF Loopback, H
appears at the right bottom of the LCD. The local’s and remote’s TEST led gives an
orange glows.
When the local end is executing RF Loopback, the remote end’s connection will be broken. ALM led gives a
red warning alarm.
Figure 5-42 RF-Loop:En/Dis
C9. Close-Test
Press “OK” to close all tests.
Figure 5-43 Close-Test
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5.2.4
Remote Info
Figure 5-44 Remote Info
D1. Remote ID: n
Display the address of remote equipment; n=1~255. It is possible to check the remote end’s current ID
address.
Figure 5-45 Remote ID:n
D2. Far-End: OK/Alarm/Loss/Test
Display the link status of the remote end equipments. It is used as a function of signal monitor for the
determination of its source.
OK: active connection
Alarm: remote system alarm occurs
Loss: remote monitor loss
Test: remote system test activated
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Figure 5-46 Far-End:OK/Alarm/Loss/Test
D3. R-Status: Test/Normal
Display the system current working status. It is possible to check the base station at the remote end as well as
the status of any online test.
Test: remote end in test mode.
Normal: normal working condition.
Figure 5-47 R-Status:Test/Normal
D4. R-AUX2: ASY-CH/SYN-CH
Display remote AUX2 working status.
Figure 5-48 R-AUX2:ASY-CH/SYN-CH
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5.2.5
Config Info
Figure 5-49 Config Info
E1. MODEM: ON/OFF
Display the status of external modem at the local end. “ON” implies external modem is connected. “OFF”
implies external modem is not connected.
Figure 5-50 MODEM:ON/OFF
E2. SYS-ConfΚ1+1/1+0
Display the IDU system redundant status. 1+1 implies system with redundant. 1+0 implies system without
redundant.
Figure 5-51 SYS-Conf:1+1/1+0
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E3. TXΚActive/Standby
Display the transmitter Tx status. Under 1+0 condition, Tx is Active. Under 1+1 condition, Tx is either Active or
Standby.
Figure 5-52 Tx:Active/Standby
E4. RXΚActive/Standby
Display the transmitter Rx status. Under 1+0 condition, Tx is Active. Under 1+1 condition, Tx is either Active or
Standby.
Figure 5-53 Rx:Active/Standby
E5. Power: -36 ~ -72V
Display the power supply.
Figure 5-54 Power:-36 ~ -72V
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E6. Date: Year/Month/Day
Display system current date.
Figure 5-55 Date:Year/Month/Day
E7. Time: Hour/Min/Sec
Display system current time.
Figure 5-56 Time: Hour/Min/Sec
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6 Environmental Condition
6.1 Cable
IF Cable: RG-6 ” 100m; RG-8 ” 200m
RF Cable: Insertion Loss ” 1dB
6.2 Operating Temperature Range
IDU: -5к ~ +55к
ODU: -30к ~ +60к
6.3 DC Input Voltage
DC Input Voltage: -36 ~ -72VDC
6.4 Power Consumption
Power Consumption: <45W
6.5 Humidity
Relative humidity as follows:
IDU: 10и a 95и, non-condensed.
ODU: 0и a 100и
ODU equipment is water-resistant.
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7 Software Installation
a) Open the CD-ROM folder containing the monitor software. The following window appears:
Figure 7-1 Software Installation (1)
b) Open the Arbeit v1.xx. Click twice to execute the setup.exe file.
Figure 7-2 Software Installation (2)
c) Click Next to start installation.
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Figure 7-3 Software Installation (3)
d) Install the software to any desired folder by clicking on Browse. Click Next to continue.
Figure 7-4 Software Installation (4)
f) Enter the name of the Program Folders. Click Next to continue.
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Figure 7-5 Software Installation (5)
g) Click Next to begin copying files.
Figure 7-6 Software Installation (6)
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8 Arbeit NMS Software
8.1 Open Arbeit NMS
There are two ways to open the program Arbeit:
1. Click on Start Æ Program Æ Arbeit
2. Open File Manager Æ Program Files Æ Arbeit Æ Arbeit.exe
Figure 8-1 Open Arbeit
8.2 Login
After executing the program Arbeit, click the menu bar Monitor Æ select Login.
Figure 8-2 Login Arbeit
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In the Login window, please enter User name and Password.
Figure 8-3: Arbeit’s User name and Password
The system already has some preset user name and password, which are given below:
Table 8-1: System Preset Password
User name
Password
Function
Configuration
initialize
initialize
Initial setting for single machine
User
user
user
General and station maintenance users
Administrator
system
system
Administrator; can add new users
System Test
loopback
loopback
System test
Superuser
superuser
superuser
Superuser; can use all the functions
ϡ Note: Remember to Logout after execution or change of user name.
8.3 Initialize
Login the local equipment’s initialization mode as User Name: initialize; In the Main Window, select Superuser Æ
Equipment Setting. Another initialization window will appear with five different working mode: IDU Setting ΕODU
SettingΕAlarm SettingΕCross ConnectingΕUser I/O Setting. We shall explain the different mode in the coming
section.
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Figure 8-4: Initialize
8.3.1
IDU Setting
While setting the below functions, first modify the parameters in the setting window, then press Send Setting to
save it in the Status. It is also saved in the IDU. The setting will now be shown on the window Status. Press Check
to check any settings made. It will read all the data from the IDU. Exit the window if there are no error settings.
Figure 8-5: IDU Setting
Address: Each and every E1 modem in the network has its own unique IDU Address for differentiating and easy
setting. While setting up the station, all initialization must be done here first. If initialization is not set accordingly, it
will not work properly.
E.O.W No: Enter any number between 0~255 for service number setting. ϡ Note that the EOW number should be
different from the Link ID. On the right side of the IDU panel, there is a RJ-11 connector that is meant for analog
telephone. It is used for all phone connection in the link with the base station.
Panel PWD: If necessary, enter the IDU password, which must only be 0~9 digits, ranging from 0~999999.
Bit Format: IDU transmission encoding format AMI or HDB3.
AUX1: Asynchronous data transmission protocol setting for either RS232 or RS422.
AUX2: Asynchronous or Synchronous channel setting.
Location: Equipment’s location detail setting.
Time: Set system time. Press System Time for original system time.
Date: Set system date. Press System Date for original system date.
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Check: Check all the IDU setting data.
Exit: Exit the initialization mode.
8.3.2
Link Setting
Figure 8-6 Link Setting
Link ID: In order to prevent wrong connection if similar equipment is kept close by in the same environment, it is
strongly advised to enter a differentiating Link ID.
Figure 8-7 Link
A.T.P.C: Automatic transmitting power control, retain.
Expected RSL: Automatic transmitting power control parameters, retain.
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
BER Alarm Threshold: BER alarm setting: E-5ΕE-4ΕE-3 etc.
RSL Alarm Threshold: Receiving power alarm setting.
8.3.3
ODU Setting
Figure 8-8: ODU Setting
Channel No: Set the ODU’s frequency range. 4E1 has four frequency channels to use. Please refer to Appendix 4
for further details.
Tx. Level: IDU transmitting power setting (preset = 22dBm).
SSPA: Switch ON/OFF the ODU power amplifier (PA On/Off).
Check: Check all the IDU setting data.
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
8.3.4
Alarm Setting
Figure 8-9: Alarm Setting
When the IDU goes into a critical state, the alarm will start beeping. However, in some cases like if the administrator
considers the Link ID unimportant, s/he may tick masked and turns off all the alarm functions.
Link ID fault alarm: Local equipment receives the wrong Link ID.
BER alarm: BER alarm.
ODU Tx_POW alarm: ODU output power alarm.
Tributary n alarm (n=1~4): IDU cannot find the tributary signal.
Send Setting: Modified data are written into the IDU.
Check: Check all the IDU setting data.
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
8.3.5
Cross Connecting
Figure 8-10: Cross Connecting (1)
With the need of adjusting the controlling room channel, the local and remote end E1 Interface have certain
asymmetric variation. The system administrator need not have to manually switch the lines. The following diagram
shows the 4E1 equipment cross connection between local end, IDU A, and remote end, IDU B.
Send Setting: Modified data are written into the IDU.
Check: Check all the IDU setting data.
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Figure 8-11: Cross Connecting (2)
Fig. A
Normal connection mode
Fig. B
Local and remote port1 & port2 in cross connection mode and port3 & port4 in normal connection mode
Fig. C
Local port1 connected to remote port1 & port2. Local and remote port3 & port4 in normal connection
mode
Fig. D
Local and remote port in cross connection mode between ports 1&4, 2&2, 3&1 and 4&3
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
8.3.6
User I/O Setting
Figure 8-12: User I/O Setting
Besides the standard E1 interface, there are the environment detection and control port. This allows the users to
fully control the controlling room from the local end. For example: If there is no manual control over the remote end,
it is possible to have all the temperature, alarm, power supply etc. data from the central controlling computer. The
central controlling computer controls most of the functions which makes intelligent management possible. This
device has 8 input and 4 relay output ports. 4 relay outputs represent Critical Grade Alarm, Major Grade Alarm,
Minor Grade Alarm, and over 1 condition of above-mentioned happened respectively.(See P.64)
Send Setting: Modified data are written into the IDU.
Check: Check all the IDU setting data.
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
8.4 Superuser
Login the link route setting mode as User Name: superuser; Password: superuser. In the Main Window, select
Superuser Æ Network Setting. Another initialization window will appear with five different working mode:
ChangeΕDeleteΕAdd.ΕCloseΕOK. We shall explain the different mode in the coming section.
Figure 8-13: Superuser
Add. First select Add. to add new station.
Enter Station Type
Enter Station Name
Enter Equipment’s
Address
Figure 8-14: Station Setup (1)
Press Apply after entering all the data in the red circled blanks.
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Figure 8-15: Station Setup (2)
Station Setup Example:
1. Enter “aa” in Name and “1” in Address. Select Terminal Station to complete the newly added station’s data.
ϡ Note: Station Name must not exceed 30 characters or numbers.
2. Press Add. to enter the second data. Enter “bb” in Name and “2” in Address.
Select Terminal Station again. Every station has its own address after Initialize setting. First, select Add., and
then choose the corresponding Address. In the Station Name, enter a different name. It will be displayed on the
Monitor and on the IDU-LCD.
Arbeit Menu, after adding two stations:
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Figure 8-16: Station Setup (3)
The stations position in the above diagram is a random result. Point the mouse on the station, right click and move it
without releasing by placing it to any desired position.
Under normal connection, the station icon will display its working status.
Green glow = normal connection; Red glow = connection, with alarm
Orange glow = test mode; Grey glow = no connection
Move the mouse to the station icon;
it will display the station name and
address
Figure 8-17: Station Setup (4)
Now let us introduce some other functions in the Station Setup window:
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Temperature Alarm Threshold:
Figure 8-18: Temperature Alarm Threshold
Set the IDU & ODU alarm temperature range. Enter the desired parameters in the upper and lower IDU & ODU
temperature alarm threshold blanks. When the temperature is higher than or lower than this threshold, the system
alarm will start beeping. The system has its own Operating Temperature threshold as well. As shown in the Station
Setup window, the IDU upper and lower Temperature threshold is +50к and -5к respectively and the ODU are
+60°к and -30°к respectively. The threshold can be set between these two upper and lower thresholds. The upper
threshold must not be too low and the lower threshold must not be too high, if it is NOT so, the alarm will go off every
now and then even if all the other settings are correct.
No.
Number of Equipment already set up.
Change
For modifying any stations data, select that particular station and press Change to modify its content. Press Apply
after completing.
Add.
To add new stations.
Delete
To delete unwanted stations.
Terminal Station/Center Station
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Base station acts as Terminal Station. The stations are in a PTP, point-to-point connection. Base station acts as
Center Station. When there are more than two equipments in the base station, please select this type of mode.
Then only we can use the IDU Net port function. Using Arbeit, it is possible to see all the equipment’s link in the
station by concatenating all the monitoring information of the station. Each base station can have NOT more than
ten Center Station. Extended link can have a maximum of 255. This mode is also called the star topology, as
illustrated in the following figure:
Figure 8-19: Terminal/Center Station
Initialize
This function can randomly change the link of the stations, only provided it is in connection mode. Please refer to the
previous chapter on how to initialize.
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
8.5 System Setting
In the Main Window, select System Management Æ System Setting. Another initialization window will appear
with three different working mode: Background SettingΕCOM Port SettingΕRecord Saving Time. We shall
explain the different mode in the coming section.
Figure 8-20: System Setting
8.5.1
Background Setting
Figure 8-21: Background Setting (1)
In System Setting, we use the Background Setting tab to edit the router map. For example: street, building,
station setting etc. Save the file in *JPEG format after editing. In Arbeit folder, we can open the picture file again for
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
easy modification. In the following diagram, for example, we open the 03.jpg file, it will show the following:
Figure 8-22: Background Setting (2)
After opening the 03.jpg file, we can see a preview of the picture file in the browse section. Press Accept to use the
picture file as the background setting. Press Clear button to remove the background setting.
Figure 8-23: Background Setting (3)
Example: Selected background setting
8-19
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Figure 8-24: Background Setting Complete
8.5.2
COM port Setting
Figure 8-25: COM port Setting
In COM port Setting tab, you can select a COM port as the communication port of NMS. Press Accept after
selection.
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
8.5.3
Record Saving Time
Figure 8-26: Record Saving Time
Select the saving time of all the records: one, two, five or forever years. Press Accept after selection.
8.6 User Setting
In the Main Window, select System Management Æ User Setup.
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Figure 8-27: User Setting
ϡ Note: The higher the grade (with different login account), the more the function is allowed. Superuser is the
highest grade. The following table shows the different functions allowed for each grade:
Table 8-2: Function Limits
Grade
User
Administrator
System Test
Configuration
Superuser
Superuser
Administrator
Login
System Test
Configuration
User
Figure 8-28: User List
Edit User Name or Password: Click on User Name “user”. Press Change.
The following dialog box appears.
You may now change the old user name to a new one. Press Accept.
If you need to change password, press Next to continue.
8-22
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Figure 8-29: Change Superuser Login Setting (1)
A new dialog box appears to confirm the new password. Press Accept to write the data.
Figure 8-30: Change Superuser Login Setting (2)
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
8.7 System Test
In the Main Window, select System Management Æ System Test. The System Test window has the following
functions: Local LoopbackΕIF LoopbackΕRF LoopbackΕRemote LoopbackΕPRBS Test.
ϡ Note: Check all online status while performing any of the loopback functions. Be careful to check if there is any
broken link.
Figure 8-31: System Test (1)
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Figure 8-32: System Test (2)
8.7.1
Local Loopback
Under Local Loopback, it is easier to detect any malfunction at the E1 interface. E1 testing equipment is required
while detecting because on the execution of this function the testing signal cannot enter MOD, so it is not possible to
use PRBS to detect. This function setting is also done through the NMS or the LCD display button.
Figure 8-33: Local Loopback
In the System Test window, tick the Setting column for Tributary 1. Press Accept Setting. The IDU’s first E1
interface is now performing the Local Loopback test. There can be multiple selections for the test. Press Clear All
Test to stop all tests.
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Figure 8-34: Local Loopback Setting
8.7.2
IF Loopback
Under IF Loopback, a self-detection test on any IDU components malfunction is carried out. This function setting is
done through the LCD display button.
Figure 8-35: IF Loopback
This function is performed only through the IDU’s LCD panel.
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Figure 8-36: IF Loopback Setting
8.7.3
RF Loopback
Under RF Loopback, a self-detection test on the working conditions of both the IDU and ODU is carried out. This
function setting is done through the LCD display button.
Figure 8-37: RF Loopback
This function is performed only through the IDU’s LCD panel.
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Figure 8-38: RF Loopback Setting
8.7.4
Remote Loopback
Under Remote Loopback, a self-detection test on the complete loopback from local to remote is carried out. This
function setting is done through the NMS or the LCD display button.
Figure 8-39: Remote Loopback
In the System Test window, tick the Setting column for Tributary 1. Press Accept Setting. The IDU’s first E1
interface is now performing the Remote Loopback test. There can be multiple selections for the test. Press Clear
All Test to stop all tests.
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Figure 8-40: Remote Loopback Setting
8.7.5
PRBS Test
Under normal working condition, other than the normal BER test, the PRBS function can be used as well to test the
individual link accumulated BER and stability of the system. While detecting, it is required to start the PRBS function.
This function setting is done through the NMS or the LCD display button.
Figure 8-41: PRBS Test
In the System Test window, enter “1” for PRBS Generator. Press Enable. The IDU’s first E1 interface is now
performing the PRBS test. Press Clear All Test to stop all tests or press Disable to stop this test.
Insert an error: Once the PRBS generator is enabled, it will insert PRBS into the selected tributary in order to test
the quality of signal.
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Figure 8-42: PRBS Test Setting
8.8 System Record
In the Main Window, select System Record. Another initialization window will appear with two different working
mode: Alarm RecordΕLogin Record and Report Export. We shall explain the different mode in the coming
section.
8.8.1
Alarm Record
In the Main Window, select System Record Æ Alarm Record.
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E1 Spread Spectrum Radios
Figure 8-43: Alarm Record (1)
The following window appears: All the alarm record in the network will be recorded here. The levels of alarm are
classified into 3 levels: Critical Grade, Major Grade, and Minor Grade. The following states the detail items in every
level:
Critical Grade:ODU M/C,Cable,Mod,Demod,Link ID,Mux,PLL-Tx,PLL-Rx and SSPA.
Major Grade:T# LOS ֗ T# AIS.
Minor Grade:DSC,Far end,PA-I,-5V and Tx-POW.
Figure 8-44: Alarm Record (2)
8-31

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