Kyocera KWC-M200 Transmitter Module User Manual Kyocera 200 Module Data Book

Kyocera Communications, Inc Transmitter Module Kyocera 200 Module Data Book

user guide1

Kyocera 200 Module Data Book82-B7907-1, Rev. 00517 July, 2003Kyocera ProprietaryThis technology is controlled by the United States Government.Diversion contrary to U.S. Law prohibited. Data and information contained in or disclosed by this document is proprietary information of Kyocera Wireless Corp. By accepting this material the recipient agrees that this material and the information contained therein is held in confidence and trust and will not be used, copied, reproduced in whole or in part, nor its contents revealed in any manner to others without the express written permission of Kyocera Wireless Corp.
KYOCERA WIRELESS CORP.10300 CAMPUS POINT DRIVESAN DIEGO, CA 92121Copyright © 2003 Kyocera Wireless Corp. All rights reserved.Printed in the United States of America.82-B7907-1, Rev. 00517 July, 2003Kyocera Proprietary
Kyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book iiiContents1KYOCERA WIRELESS CORP.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Kyocera Corporation background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Kyocera Wireless Corp. CDMA consumer products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12CDMA AND CELLULAR FUNDAMENTALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3CDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3CDMA cocktail party example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4How CDMA works. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Cellular frequency reuse patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4CDMA concept. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5CDMA versus analog FM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Spatial diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Frequency diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Time diversity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Synchronization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Rake receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7CDMA reverse link power control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Open loop power control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Closed loop power control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Mobile power bursting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9CDMA system time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Closed loop power control puncturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Walsh code spreading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Respreading the short sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Forward link channel format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11CDMA reverse link physical layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Reverse error protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1264-ary modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Reverse channel long code spreading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12CDMA turn-on process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13System access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Sync channel message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Read the paging channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14Paging channel messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14CDMA idle state handoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15CDMA call initiation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15CDMA call completion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15AMPS cellular overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Control (data) channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Voice channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Signaling protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Signaling tone (ST). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Supervisory audio tone (SAT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Placing a call (mobile-to-land or mobile-to-mobile). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Receiving a call (land-to-mobile) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Power steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Handoffs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19CDMA carriers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
iv CDMA Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryAsia - Pacific. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20China/Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Europe - Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Global. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Caribbean - Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Chile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Dominican Republic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Guatemala. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Africa - Middle East. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Angola. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Israel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22United States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223CDMA2000 3G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25cdma2000 3G standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25the cdma2000 family of standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Relationship to TIA/EIA-95-B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26cdma2000 and spectrum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26cdma2000 evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26cdmaOne (IS-95-A): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26cdmaOne (IS-95-B):. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27cdma2000 1X: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27cdma2000 1xEV: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Kyocera 200 Module and cdma2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Support of E911 Phase 2 Position Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274MODULE OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Module applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Module type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Module benefits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30User features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Definitions of subsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30RF interface/antenna port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Wireless data service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Data standards supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Nonoperating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Kyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book vTemperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Mechanical shock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Drop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Operating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .346SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Operating temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Weight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35User interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Interface connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Standard features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Indicators and displays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Audible indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Volume controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Power on/off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Call processing features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Indicators and display support features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Audible indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Keypad and dialing features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38Convenience features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Kyocera Wireless Phone Support Toolkit (included with the MDK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Kyocera Wireless PST Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Service Programming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Software Download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Phone Configuration Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Service Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Roaming List Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41CAIT (not included with the MDK). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419DIGITAL AND AUDIO SIGNAL SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43CDMA transceiver signal definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43Circuitry description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43Transceiver enable and external power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43Transceiver detection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44LED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Serial port signals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Serial port 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Serial port 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
vi Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryAudio circuitry description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Audio circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Analog audio and audio control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4510 RADIO FREQUENCY SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Module antenna specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Standards specific to 800 MHz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Standards specific to 1900 MHz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Standards applicable to both 800 MHz and 1900 MHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Specification exceptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Interoperability limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49IS-637 specification implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49RF system specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49CDMA reference material and training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4911 MODULE TESTING AND INTEGRATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51KWC Module production testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Customer Module/device testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51CDMA test equipment and products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Product integration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Overview of test and integration flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Integration tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Antenna matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Audio integration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Mechanical and environmental tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53CDG-1, CDG-2, CDG-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53FCC compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Labeling:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Antenna:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Factory tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Regarding development and testing of OEM device using Module: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Regarding certification of device on carrier's network for U.S. market:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6012 MODULE DEVELOPER’SKIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6113 WARRANTY AND PRODUCT SUPPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6314 MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Mating connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Drawings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6515 ASSIGNMENTS AND SIGNAL DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7116 MODULE DEVELOPER’S KIT SCHEMATIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7517 HOW TO SET UP DATA CALLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Installing the Kyocera Wireless serial modem driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Setting up your Module as a wireless modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Using terminal emulation software to talk to the modem in AT command mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Making an async data call using terminal emulation software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Making an async data call using dial-up networking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Kyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book viiMaking a QuickNet Connect data call. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80Making a 1XRTT packet data call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81Helpful hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82How do I get a phone number for my CDMA Module?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82How can I obtain technical support?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
viii Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera Proprietary
Kyocera Wireless Corp.Kyocera Wireless Corp.Kyocera Wireless Corp.Kyocera Wireless Corp.Kyocera Wireless Corp.Kyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 11Kyocera Wireless Corp.Introduction Kyocera Wireless Corp. (KWC) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Kyocera International, Inc. (KII), the North American headquarters and holding company of Kyocera Corporation. KII established Kyocera Wireless Corp. after acquiring QUALCOMM Incorporated’s consumer wireless phone business in February 2000. KWC incorporates QUALCOMM’s CDMA technology in developing, manufacturing, and marketing innovative wireless communications products for a wide range of markets and applications.Kyocera Corporation backgroundKyocera Corporation, the parent and global headquarters of the Kyocera Group, was founded in 1959 as a producer of advanced ceramics. By combining these engineered materials with metals and plastics, and integrating them with other technologies, Kyocera has become a leading supplier of telecommunications equipment, semiconductor packages, electronic and automotive components, cameras, laser printers, copiers, solar energy systems, and industrial ceramics. Approximately 80 percent of Kyocera’s revenue is currently derived from products that are telecommunications- or information-related. In the year ended March 31, 2002, Kyocera Corporation’s consolidated net sales totaled 1035 billion yen (US$7.8 billion) with net income of 32 billion yen (US$240 million). Kyocera Corporation has been recognized by Industry Week magazine as one of “The World’s 100 Best-Managed Companies.”Kyocera Wireless Corp. CDMA consumer productsKyocera Wireless Corp. is one of the world’s largest manufacturers of CDMA digital subscriber equipment, and continues to set the industry standard for high-quality CDMA digital phones. KWC handsets feature a tremendous range of advanced communications capabilities beyond voice calling. All Kyocera handsets are fundamentally designed as data devices. Unlike handsets based on other technologies, Kyocera handsets are constructed to receive, process, and transmit data in its purest format, completely bypassing the use of the vocoder required for conversion of audio voice signals to binary codes, and maximizing the unit’s data processing speed and efficiency. Voice calling, in fact, is more accurately seen as just one of many data services that the handsets are designed to support. Kyocera offers quick, cost-effective, and reliable wireless data solutions for mobile phones. Leading the way with new information services tailored to wireless users, the Kyocera brand is becoming synonymous with wireless data innovation. All KWC products are designed with the usage patterns and needs of the end user in mind.
CDMA and Cellular FundamentalsKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 32CDMA and Cellular FundamentalsCDMA CDMA uses 1.23 MHz per channel. This means all users can transmit at the same time, relying on codes to differentiate the users. CDMA also uses sectored cells to increase capacity, like in the advanced mobile phone service (AMPS), but CDMA can use one frequency in all sectors of the cell instead of following a frequency reuse scheme.CDMA uses correlative codes to let each user operate under substantial interference. For example, in a crowded cocktail party, people are talking at the same time but you are able to listen and understand only one person at a time. This is because your brain can sort out the voice characteristics of the one with whom you are speaking and differentiate that voice from the others. As the party grows larger, each person must talk louder and the size of the talk zone grows smaller. Thus the number of conversations is limited by the overall noise interference in the room.CDMA is similar to this cocktail party analogy, but the recognition is based on digital codes. The interference is the sum of all other users on the same CDMA frequency, both from within and outside the home cell and from delayed versions of these signals. It also includes the usual thermal noise and atmospheric
4Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryCDMA and Cellular Fundamentals 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005disturbances. Delayed signals caused by multipath are separately received and combined in CDMA.Cellular frequency reuse patternsOne of the major capacity gains with CDMA is from its frequency reuse efficiency. To eliminate interference from adjacent cells, narrowband FM systems must physically separate cells using the same frequency. Complex frequency reuse planning must be done in such a system to maximize capacity while “Hello” “Bonjour” “Shalom”“Buenos Dias”“Guten Tag”Common Frequency Channelred codegreen code green codered codeHIGOHGIOHIGOCDMA cocktail party exampleHow CDMA works
CDMA and Cellular FundamentalsKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 582-B7907-1 Rev. 005 CDMA and Cellular Fundamentalseliminating interference. A reuse pattern for analog and time division multiple access (TDMA) systems employs only one-seventh of the available frequencies in any given cell. With CDMA, the same frequencies are used in all cells and can be used in all sectors of all cells.This reuse is possible because CDMA is designed to decode the proper signal in the presence of high interference. Adjacent cells using the same frequency in CDMA simply cause an apparent increase in the channel background noise. By allowing the use of the same frequencies in every cell, CDMA has approximately six times the capacity of existing analog cellular systems.CDMA concept CDMA starts with a narrowband signal. Through specialized codes this spreads to a bandwidth of 1.23 MHz. The ratio of the spread data rate to the initial data rate is called the processing gain. For IS-95 standard CDMA with an 8kbps vocoder, the processing gain is 21 dB. When transmitted, a CDMA signal experiences high levels of interference dominated by the coded signals of other CDMA users. This takes two forms:lInterference from other users in the same celllInterference from adjacent cellsThe total interference also includes background noise and other spurious signals.When the signal is received, the correlator recovers the desired signal and rejects the interference. The correlators use the processing gain to pull the desired signal out of the noise. Since a signal-to-noise ratio of 7dB is required for acceptable voice quality, this leaves 14dB of extra processing gain to extract the desired signal from the noise. This is possible because the interference sources are uncorrelated (orthogonal in the case of the forward link).CDMA versus analog FMCDMA channels are defined by various digital codes as well as by frequency.The capacity for CDMA is soft, not rigid. In analog systems, when all available channels are in use, no further calls can be added. Capacity in CDMA can be increased with some degradation of the error rate or voice quality, or can be increased in a given cell at the expense of reduced capacity in the surrounding cells.Another advantage of CDMA is the use it makes of diversity. There are three types of diversity: lSpatial diversitylFrequency diversitylTime diversity
6Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryCDMA and Cellular Fundamentals 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005Spatial diversitySpatial diversity takes two forms:lTwo antennasThe base station uses two receive antennas for greater immunity to fading. This is the classical version of spatial diversity. AMPS analog cellular base stations use this type of diversity for improved fading resistance.lMultiple base stationsMultiple base stations simultaneously talk to the mobile phone during soft handoff.Frequency diversityFrequency diversity is inherent in a spread-spectrum system. A fade of the entire signal is less likely than with narrowband systems. Fading is caused by reflected images of an RF signal arriving at the receiver such that the phase of the delayed (reflected) signal is 180° out of phase with the direct RF signal. Since the direct signal and the delayed signals are out of phase, they cancel each other, causing the amplitude seen by the receiver to be greatly reduced. In the frequency domain, a fade appears as a notch and is on the order of one over the difference in the arrival time of two signals. For a 1µsec delay, the notch is approximately 1 MHz wide. The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) CDMA system prescribes a 1.23MHz bandwidth, so only those multipaths of time less than 1 µsec actually cause the signal to experience a deep fade. In many environments, the multipath signals arrive at the receiver after a much longer delay, causing only a narrow portion of the signal to be lost. In a fade 20 to 200kHz wide, this results in the complete loss of an analog or TDMA signal but only reduces the power in a portion of a CDMA signal. As the spreading width of a CDMA signal increases, so does its multipath fading resistance.Time diversityTime diversity is a technique common to most digital transmission systems. Signals are spread in time through interleaving. Interleaving the data improves the performance of the error correction by spreading errors over time. Errors in the real world during radio transmission usually occur in clumps, so when the data is de-interleaved, the errors are spread over a greater period of time. This allows the error correction to fix the resulting smaller, spread-out errors. Forward error correction is applied, along with maximal likelihood detection. The particular scheme used for CDMA is convolutional encoding in the transmitter with Viterbi decoding using soft decision points in the receiver. Another form of time diversity occurs in the base station when transmitting at reduced data rates. When transmitting at a reduced data rate, the base station
CDMA and Cellular FundamentalsKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 782-B7907-1 Rev. 005 CDMA and Cellular Fundamentalsrepeats the data resulting in full rate transmission. The base station also reduces the transmitted power when it operates at reduced data rates. This added redundancy in the transmitted signal results in less interference (power is lowered) and improves the CDMA mobile station receiver performance during high levels of interference.Synchronization For any direct sequence spread spectrum radio system to operate, all mobiles and base stations must be precisely synchronized. If they are not synchronized, it becomes nearly impossible to recover the codes used to identify individual radio signals. Precise synchronization also leads to other benefits:lIt allows such services as precise location reporting for emergency or travel usage. lIt allows the use of rake receivers for improved reception in multipath fading conditions.Rake receiver Instead of trying to overpower or correct multipath problems, CDMA takes advantage of the multipath to provide improved reception quality. CDMA does this by using multiple correlating receivers and assigning them to the strongest signals. This is possible because the CDMA mobile is synchronized to the serving base station. The mobile receiver can distinguish between direct and reflected (multipath) signals because of the time delay in receiving the reflected signals.Special circuits called searchers are also used to look for alternate multipaths and for neighboring base station signals. The searchers slide around in time until they find a strong correlation with their assigned code. Once a strong signal is located at a particular time offset, the search assigns a receiver element to demodulate that signal. The mobile receiver uses three receiving elements, and the base station uses four. This multiple correlator system is called a rake receiver. As conditions change, the searchers rapidly reassign the rake receivers to handle new reception conditions. While each signal being processed by an individual rake receiver experiences fading, the fades are independent because different path lengths are experienced by each signal. Thus the receiver can coherently recombine the outputs of the three rake receivers to reconstruct a much more robust version of the transmitted signal. In this way, CDMA uses multipath signals to create a more robust receiver. The rake receivers also allow soft handoff as one or more receivers can be assigned to another base station.There are some limitations to this scheme. If strong, short transmission paths are present, such as in a very narrow canyon, the rake receiver system cannot function. If the arrival time of a multipath signal is less than one clock cycle of the CDMA system, the rake receiver cannot tell the difference between direct and reflected signals. It has been found, however, that in real world situations
8Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryCDMA and Cellular Fundamentals 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005longer time-delayed signals coexist when very strong short multipath signals are present. This allows the searchers to find these other longer delayed signals under these difficult propagation conditions.CDMA reverse link power controlOne of the fundamental enabling technologies of CDMA is power control. Since the limiting factor for CDMA system capacity is the total interference, controlling the power of each mobile is critical to achieve maximum capacity. CDMA mobiles are power controlled to the minimum power that provides acceptable quality for the given conditions. As a result, all mobile signals arrive at the base station at approximately equal levels. In this way, the interference from one unit to another is held to a minimum.Two forms of power control are used for the reverse link: lOpen loop power controllClosed loop power controlOpen loop power controlOpen loop power control is based on the similarity of the loss in the forward path to the loss in the reversed path. (Forward refers to the base-to-mobile link, while reverse refers to the mobile-to-base link.)Open loop power control sets the sum of transmit power and receive power to a constant, nominally -73dBm (IS-98-A). A reduction in signal level at the receive antenna results in an increase in signal power from the transmitter. For example, when the received power from the base station is -85dBm, this is the total energy received in the 1.23MHz receiver bandwidth. It includes the composite signal from the serving base station as well as from other nearby base stations on the same frequency.The open loop transmit power setting for a received power of -85dBm would be +12dBm. By the IS-98 specification, the open loop power control slew rate is limited to match the slew rate of closed loop power control directed by the base station. This eliminates the possibility of a sudden transmission of excessive power by the open loop power control in response to a receiver signal-level dropout.Closed loop power controlClosed loop power control is used to allow the power from the mobile unit to deviate from the nominal as set by open loop control. This is done with a form of delta modulation. The base station monitors the power received from each mobile station and commands the mobile to either raise power or lower power by a fixed step of 1dB. This process is repeated 800 times per second, or every 1.25 msec.
CDMA and Cellular FundamentalsKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 982-B7907-1 Rev. 005 CDMA and Cellular FundamentalsThe power control data sent to the mobile from the base station is added to the data stream by replacing the encoded voice data. This process is called “puncturing” because the power control data is written into the data stream by overwriting the encoded voice data. The power control data occupies 103.6µsec of each 1.25msec of data transmitted by the base station.Because the mobile’s power is controlled no more than is needed to maintain the link at the base station, aCDMA mobile typically transmits much less power than an analog phone. The base station monitors the received signal quality 800 times per second and directs the mobile to raise or lower its power until the received signal quality is adequate. This operating point varies with propagation conditions, the number of users, and the density and loading of the surrounding cells.Analog cellular phones must transmit enough power to maintain a link even in the presence of a fade. Analog phones usually transmit excess power. CDMA radios are controlled in real time and kept at a power level that maintains a quality transmission based on the changing RF environment. The benefits include longer battery life and smaller, lower cost amplifier design. Mobile power burstingEach 20 msec frame in IS-95 is divided into 16 power control groups. When the mobile transmits, each power control group contains 1536 data symbols (chips) at a rate of 1.2288 Mbps. When the vocoder moves to a lower data rate, the CDMA mobile bursts its output by sending only the appropriate number of power control groups. For example, transmitted groups are randomized to spread the transmitted power over time. For each lowering of the data rate, the transmitted power is reduced by 3 dB.CDMA system timeAs mentioned earlier, both mobiles and base station in direct sequence CDMA must be synchronized. In the IS-95 system, synchronization is based on the Global Positioning System (GPS) time. Each CDMA base station incorporates a GPS receiver to provide exact system timing information for the cell. The base station then sends this information to each mobile via a special channel. In this manner, all radios in the system can maintain near-perfect synchronization. Most designs also include atomic clocks to provide a backup timing reference. These are capable of maintaining synchronization for up to several hours. The GPS clock used for CDMA system time is then used to drive the long code pseudo-random sequence generator.Closed loop power control puncturingOnce the data has been scrambled with the user-specific long code, the closed loop power control data is then punctured into the data stream. Power control
10 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryCDMA and Cellular Fundamentals 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005bits are sent every 1.25msec—once in every power control group (a CDMA frame is 20 msec, with each frame having 16 1.25msec power control groups).Since the power control bits replace the encoded voice data, holes (missing data) are introduced into the data stream from the receiver’s point of view. These holes are accepted and the system uses the Viterbi decoder in the receiver to restore the data lost by puncturing. The recovery of the missing data uses some of the available processing gain in the system. The resulting loss of capacity has been accounted for in the system’s design. Another way to think of this is that slightly more power is required to maintain the link because of the missing data introduced by the power control puncturing. The power control data is sent only once in the 14.4kbps case since the reduced processing gain results in higher power being transmitted from the base station to maintain an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. The higher power results in a much lower symbol error rate and the need to send the power control data twice is eliminated.Walsh code spreadingIn the forward channel (cell-site-to-mobile), the Walsh codes provide a means for uniquely identifying each user. A Walsh code generator provides 1 of the 64 codes to scramble the encoded voice data.lWalsh code 0 = pilot channellWalsh code 32 = synchronous channellWalsh code 1 to 7 = paging channelslOther Walsh codes = forward paging channelRespreading the short sequenceIf all cells used the same 64 Walsh codes without another layer of scrambling, the resulting interference would severely limit the system capacity. Since all cells can use the same frequency (frequency domain), and all cells use the same Walsh codes (code domain), the only other means to allow cells to reuse the same Walsh codes is by using time offset (time domain). This final layer of scrambling uses another code called the short code to allow reuse of the Walsh codes and to provide a unique identifier to each cell.Because everything in CDMA is synchronized to system time, it is possible to have each cell site identified by using a time offset in the short sequence. These “PN offsets” are separated by multiples of 64 1.2288Mbps clock chips. This allows for 512 unique time offsets for cell identification (32768 bits/64 bits = 512 offsets). By scrambling the Walsh encoded channels with the short code, each base station can reuse all 64 Walsh codes and be uniquely identified from other adjacent cells using the same frequency.
CDMA and Cellular FundamentalsKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 1182-B7907-1 Rev. 005 CDMA and Cellular FundamentalsForward link channel formatThe base station transmitter signal is the composite of many channels (with a minimum of four). The pilot channel is unmodulated (Walsh code0); it consists of only the final spreading sequence (short sequences). The pilot channel is used by all mobiles linked to a cell as a coherent phase reference and also provides a means for mobiles to identify cells from each other. The other three channels are:lSync channellPaging channellTraffic channelThese channels use the same data flow, but different data are sent on each channel.Sync channelThe sync channel transmits time-of-day information. This allows the mobile and base to align clocks, which form the basis of the codes that are needed by both to make a link. Specifically, one message sent by the sync channel contains the state of the long code feedback shift registers 320msec in the future. By reading this channel, the CDMA mobile can load the data into its long code generator, and then start the generator at the proper time. Once this has been accomplished, the CDMA mobile has achieved full synchronization. The sync channel always uses Walsh code channel 32.Paging channelThe paging channel is the digital control channel for the forward link. Its complement is the access channel, which is the reverse link control channel. One base station can have multiple paging channels and access channels if needed. Up to seven Walsh code channels can be allocated for use as paging channels. The first paging channel is always assigned to Walsh code 1. When more paging channels are required, Walsh codes 2 through 7 are used.Traffic channelThe traffic channel is equivalent to the analog voice channel. This is where actual conversation takes place. The remaining Walsh codes are assigned to traffic channels as required. At least 55 Walsh codes are available for use as traffic channels. The actual number that can be used is determined by the total interference levels experienced in any given cell. Nominal full loading would typically be around 30 traffic channels in use for equally loaded cells.Once all of the various channels are Walsh modulated, they are converted into I/Q format, re-spread with the I and Q short sequences, low pass filtered to reduced occupied bandwidth, and converted into analog signals. The resulting analog I and Q signals from all channels are summed together and then sent to the I/Q modulator for modulation into an RF carrier.
12 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryCDMA and Cellular Fundamentals 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005CDMA reverse link physical layerThe CDMA reverse link uses a different coding scheme to transmit data. Unlike the forward link, the reverse link does not support a pilot channel for synchronous demodulation (since each mobile station would need its own pilot channel). The lack of a pilot channel is partially responsible for the reverse link’s lower capacity than the forward link. In addition, Walsh codes cannot be used for channelization since the varying time delays from each mobile to the base station destroys the orthogonality of the Walsh codes. (Varying arrival time makes the Walsh codes non-orthogonal.) Since the reverse link does not benefit from non-interfering channels, this reduces the capacity of the reverse link when compared to the forward link (all mobiles transmitting interfere with each other). To aid reverse link performance, the 9600 bps voice data uses a one-third (1/3) rate convolutional code for more powerful error correction. For the 14,400 bps vocoder, the convolutional encoder is only a half rate encoder that doubles the data rate. Thus the data rate coming out of the convolutional encoder is the same for either the 9.6 or 14.4Kbps voice channels. Then, six data bits at a time are taken to point at one of the 64 available Walsh codes. The data, which is at 307.2Kbps, is then XOR’ed with the long code to reach the full 1.2288Mbps data rate. This unique long code is the channelization for the reverse link.Reverse error protectionTo improve the performance of the reverse link, a more powerful convolution encoder is used. The third-rate encoder used in the reverse link outputs three 9600 bps data streams when driven with a single 9600data stream. This provides increased error correction capability, but also increases the data rate to 28,800 bps.64-ary modulationWalsh codes are not used to provide the channelization in the reverse link. In the reverse link they are used to randomize the encoded voice data with a modulation format that is easy to recover. Each six serial data bits output from the convolutional encoder are used to point to one of the 64 available Walsh codes (26 = 64). This modulation has the effect of increasing the data rate 10.67 times to 307 Kbps. As the incoming voice data changes, a different Walsh code is selected. Since this type of modulation can output one of 64 possible codes, it is referred to as 64-ary modulation.Reverse channel long code spreadingThe channelization in the reverse link must provide for unique code assignments for each operational phone. Walsh codes could not be used for the reverse channelization, since they would not provide enough unique channels. Since the long code is 42bits in length, this allows 242 (4.3billion) unique channel assignments. Thus the long code imprinted with your unique mask is used to
CDMA and Cellular FundamentalsKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 1382-B7907-1 Rev. 005 CDMA and Cellular Fundamentalsprovide the channelization in the reverse link. This allows all mobiles in even very large systems to have unique channel assignments. Since the long codes are simply uncorrelated and not orthogonal to each other, the recovery and demodulation process is more difficult for CDMA base stations. The high-speed searcher circuits in the base station let it quickly search over the wide range of long codes to lock on a particular user’s signal. These modules represent a good design trade-off, since it is more feasible to design complex hardware/software into a base station than into a mobile phone.Reverse channel short sequence spreadingCDMA mobiles use the same pseudo-random number (PN) sequences as the base for final short sequence scrambling. An extra one half period clock delay in the mobile’s Q channel produces offset quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation rather than straight QPSK modulation. Thus mobiles can use a simpler and more efficient power amplifier design. Offset QPSK modulation prevents the signal from going to zero magnitude and greatly reduces the dynamic range of the modulated signal. Less costly amplifiers can be used on CDMA mobiles because of the reduced linear dynamic range obtained with offset QPSK modulation. CDMA turn-on processSystem access When the mobile is first powered on, it must find the best base station. This is similar to analog, where the phone scans all control channels and selects the best one. In CDMA, the mobile unit scans for available pilot signals, which are all on different time offsets. This process is made easier because of the fixed nature of these offsets. The timing of any base station is always an exact multiple of 64 system clock cycles (called chips) offset from any other base station. The mobile selects the strongest pilot tone and establishes a frequency and time reference from this signal. The mobile then demodulates the sync channel, which is always on Walsh code 32. This channel provides master clock information by sending the state of the 42 bit long code shift register 320ms in the future. Once the mobile has read the sync channel and established system time, the mobile uses the parameters from the sync channel to determine the long code mask being used by the cell site it is acquiring.Sync channel messageThe sync channel messages contains:lCDMA protocol revision supported by the cell sitelMinimum protocol revision supported by a CDMA mobile to work with the cell site
14 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryCDMA and Cellular Fundamentals 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005lSystem and network identification numbers for the cell sitelPN offset of the cell sitelPaging channel data ratelTiming parameters – including such items as local time offset from system time and a flag for indicating if daylight savings time is active in the areaRead the paging channelAt this point the mobile demodulates the paging channel and decodes all of the data contained in the various messages supplied on the paging channel. If required by the parameters on the paging channel, the phone then registers with the base station. If the phone is a slotted mode phone, it must first register with the base station before it can be paged. The slotted paging channel mode lets the phone save power by going to sleep and only awakening when it is time to check for a page from the base station. During registration, the time slot for the phone to wake up and listen is negotiated between the base and mobile. Once this is completed, the phone is ready to place or receive phone calls.Paging channel messagesThe paging channel is the heart of a CDMA base station. All parameters and signaling necessary for the proper operation of a CDMA cell site are handled by the paging channel. The paging channel supports a number of distinct messages that provide information and send messages. The system parameters message provides the mobile with system information such as the network, system and base station identification numbers, the number of paging channels supported, registration information, and the soft handoff thresholds. The access parameters message provides information to the mobile that dictates the behavior of access probes when a CDMA mobile initiates a call. The neighbor list message tells the mobile that the PN offsets of surrounding cell sites may become likely candidates for soft handoffs. The CDMA channel list reports the number of CDMA frequencies supported by the cell site as well as the configuration of surrounding cell sites. The slotted and non-slotted page messages lets the cell site page CDMA phones for incoming calls. CDMA mobiles operating in the slotted mode must first register with the cell site before they can be paged. This registration is required to establish which slot is used by the cell site to transmit the page to the mobile. The channel assignment message is used to communicate the information needed to get the mobile onto a traffic channel.
CDMA and Cellular FundamentalsKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 1582-B7907-1 Rev. 005 CDMA and Cellular FundamentalsOther supported messages on the paging channel include various types of signaling messages and authentication.CDMA idle state handoffThe mobile has searchers scanning for alternative pilot channels at all times. If a pilot channel is found from another base station that is strong enough for a link, the mobile requests a soft handoff if it crosses into a new zone. In this case, the CDMA cells must have commanded the CDMA mobile to perform zone-based registration to reregister the phone.CDMA call initiationKeying in a phone number and pressing the Send key initiates an access probe. The mobile uses a special code channel called the access channel to make contact with the cell site. CDMA mobiles can transmit two types of channels on the single physical channel provided by the reverse link. These two channels are distinguished by the types of coding used. The access channel is used by the mobile to initiate calls. The other possible channel is the traffic channel, which is used once a call is established. The long code mask used for access probes is determined from parameters obtained from the sync and paging channels. The parameters are the access channel number, the paging channel number, the base station ID, and the pilot PN offset used by the base station. Before a link is established, closed-loop power control is not active. The mobile uses open-loop control to estimate an initial level. Multiple tries are allowed, with random times between the tries to avoid collisions that can occur on the access channel. For each cell site there is also a limited number of supported access channels, again to reduce the odds of collisions because of the limited number of access channel receivers in the base station.CDMA call completionAfter each access attempt, the mobile listens to the paging channel for a response from the base station. If the base station detects the access probe from the mobile, it responds with a channel assignment message. This message contains all of the information required to get the mobile onto a traffic channel. This message includes such information as the Walsh code channel to be used for the forward traffic channel, the frequency being used, and the frame offset to indicate the delay between the forward and reverse links. Once the mobile has acknowledged the channel assignment message, the base station initiates the land link and the mobile moves from the access channel to the traffic channel. To accommodate signaling, IS-95 supports two methods for temporarily grabbing the traffic channel:
16 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryCDMA and Cellular Fundamentals 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005lBlank and burst signalinglDim and burst signalingBoth are similar except that the blank and burst steals a contiguous block of frames to transmit signaling messages, while dim and burst reduces the vocoder rate and then uses the remaining traffic channel time to more slowly send signaling messages.AMPS cellular overviewThe cellular radio frequency spectrum has been divided by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) into two equal segments or bands to allow two independent cellular carriers to coexist and compete in the same geographic coverage area. Each band occupies one half of the available channels in the cellular spectrum. Initially, there are 832 channels.To guarantee nationwide compatibility, the signaling channel frequencies have been preassigned to each segment (band). The two bands and their assigned channels are defined as follows:Control (data) channelsA cellular telephone in the cellular system is under the indirect control of the switch, or central controller. The central controller uses dedicated control channels to provide the signaling required to establish a telephone call. Control channels are used to send and receive only digital data between the base station and the cellular telephone. Voice channels are used for both audio and signaling once a call is established. The 21 control channels in each band may be dedicated according to access and paging channels. The data on the forward control channel generally provides some basic information about the particular cellular system, such as the system ID and the range of channels to scan to find the access and paging channels. A Band ChannelsPrimary Control Channels (21): 313 - 333Secondary Control Channels (21): 688 - 708Voice Channels (395): 001 - 312, 667 - 716, and 991 - 1023B Band ChannelsPrimary Control Channels (21): 334 - 354Secondary Control Channels (21): 737 - 757Voice Channels (395): 355 - 666 and 717 - 799
CDMA and Cellular FundamentalsKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 1782-B7907-1 Rev. 005 CDMA and Cellular FundamentalsAccess channels are used to respond to a page or originate a call. The system and the cellular telephone use access channels where two-way data transfer occurs to determine the initial voice channel. Paging channels, if used, are the normal holding place for the idle cellular telephone. When a call is received at the central controller for a cellular telephone, the paging signaling occurs on a paging channel. In many systems both control channel functions are served by the same control (access) channel for a particular cell. Only in very high density areas is multiple control (paging) channels required.Voice channels Voice channels are primarily used for conversation, with signaling being employed as necessary to handle cell-to-cell handoffs, output power control of the cellular radio-telephone, and special local control features. Data from the cell site (known as FORWARD DATA) and data from the mobile or portable (known as REVERSE DATA) is sent using frequency shift keying. In AMPS signaling, various control and response tones are used for a variety of applications to be described later.Signaling protocolIn 1983, when the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) licensed cellular telephony, the signaling protocol used was AMPS. The AMPS signal protocol, an invention of Bell Labs, was ultimately adopted by all governments in the western hemisphere and eventually several other governments throughout the world.Under the original AMPS protocol there were 21 control channels assigned to each of two possible carriers in any metropolitan area, with a total of 333 channels assigned to each carrier. Prior to 1987 the FCC had allocated 312 channels to voice (voice, DTMF, or data) applications for each carrier. In 1987 the FCC expanded the cellular spectrum (Expanded Spectrum) from a total of 666 channels to 832 channels, allowing for an increase of 83 voice channels for each carrier. But the number of control channels remained constant, with 21 control channels for each carrier. Each control channel had a bandwidth of 30 kHz and used the signaling protocol.Signaling tone (ST)In AMPS, signaling tone is a 10 kHz signal used by the mobile or portable on the reverse voice channel (REVC) to signal certain activities or acknowledge various commands from the cell site, including handoffs, alert orders, and call terminations, and to indicate switch-hook operation.
18 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryCDMA and Cellular Fundamentals 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005Various burst lengths are used for different ST activities. Four uses of signaling tone are:lIndicates ringinglAcknowledges a handofflIndicates call terminationlIndicates switch hookSupervisory audio tone (SAT) The supervisory audio tone (SAT) is one of three frequencies around 6kHz used in AMPS signaling. SAT is generated by the cell site, checked for frequency or accuracy by the cellular telephone, then transponded (that is, not merely reflected but generated and returned) to the cell site on the REVC. The cellular telephone uses SAT to verify that it is tuned to the correct channel after a new voice channel assignment. When the central controller (switch) signals the mobile regarding the new voice channel, it also informs the mobile of the SAT frequency vector to expect on the new channel. The returned SAT is used at the cell site to verify the presence of the telephone’s signal on the designated channel.Placing a call (mobile-to-land or mobile-to-mobile)When a cellular telephone user originates a call, the cellular telephone re-scans the access channels to ensure that it is still tuned to the strongest one. The cellular telephone then transmits data at the rate of 10kilobits per second on the control channel to notify the switch of its mobile identification number (MIN) and the number it wants to reach. The switch verifies the incoming data and assigns a voice channel, and when a SAT is correct, the telephone transponds the SAT back to the cell site and unmutes the forward audio. At this point both forward and reverse audio paths are unmuted and the cellular telephone user can hear the other end ring, after which conversation can take place. The SAT is sent and received more or less continuously by both the base station and the cellular telephone. However, the SAT is not sent during data transmissions and the cellular telephone does not transpond the SAT continuously during voice operated transmit VOX operation. Notice that SAT and signaling tones are only used on AMPS voice channels, and that the signaling tone is transmitted only by the cellular telephone.Receiving a call (land-to-mobile)Once a cellular telephone has gone into service, it periodically scans the overhead message information in its memory and monitors the paging messages for its telephone number. When a page match occurs the cellular telephone scans each of the access channels and tunes into the strongest one. The cellular
CDMA and Cellular FundamentalsKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 1982-B7907-1 Rev. 005 CDMA and Cellular Fundamentalstelephone then acknowledges the page on that access channel and notifies the central controller of its cell location. The switch then assigns a voice channel and a SAT to the cellular telephone. The cellular telephone tunes to the voice channel, verifies the presence of the proper SAT frequency, and transponds the signal back to the cell site. At the cell site, the reception of SAT signals the central controller that the cellular telephone is ready for the call. An alert order is then sent to the cellular telephone which responds with a 10 kHz signaling tone. The subscriber unit rings for 65 seconds or until someone answers. Then the 10kHz signaling tone is terminated to alert the central controller that someone has answered. The switch then connects the incoming call to the appropriate circuit leading to the cell in contact with the cellular telephone. At this point both forward and reverse audio paths are unmuted and the conversation can take place. The SAT is sent more or less continuously by the base station and transponded by the cellular telephone, except during data transmission.Power steps As a call progresses, the site continuously monitors the reverse channel for signal strength.Analog cellular telephones have eight power steps, but portable models are prevented from using the two highest power steps by the cell site. (Power steps 0 and 1 are the same as power step 2). Transmit power level commands are sent to the cellular telephone as required to maintain the received signal strength within prescribed limits.This is done to minimize interference possibilities within the frequency re-use scheme. If the signal received from the cellular telephone is higher than the prescribed limit (such as when the unit is very near the cell site), the subscriber unit is instructed to step down to a lower level.Handoffs If the cellular telephone is at its maximum allowed power for the cell site it is using, and the received signal at the cell site is approaching the minimum allowable (typically -100 dBm), the cell site signals the switch to consider the subscriber unit for ahandoff. The central controller (switch) in turn has a scanning receiver at each of the surrounding cell sites measure the cellular telephone’s signal strength. The site with the strongest signal is the site to which the call is handed if there are available voice channels.On an AMPS channel, the handoff is executed by interrupting the conversation with a burst of data (called blank and burst) containing the new voice channel assignment. The telephone acknowledges the order by a 50 millisecond burst of 10 kHz signaling tone on the originally assigned voice channel. The mobile telephone then drops the original voice channel and tunes to the newly assigned voice channel, keying up on that channel and transponding the assigned SAT.
20 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryCDMA and Cellular Fundamentals 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005Once the handoff has been accomplished, the newly assigned cell site then alerts the switch that the handoff has been completed and the old voice channel is dropped.NoteThis data exchange occurs very quickly, within only 260 milliseconds. However, when data or signaling tones are transmitted, audio is muted for the duration of that transmission and a syllable or two may be dropped from conversation. This is normally not a problem, but during data signaling, such as that employed for telefacsimile, answering machine, and computer communications, significant amounts of information may be lost. For this reason it is recommended that when the cellular connection is used the vehicle should be stationary to avoid data loss during handoffs and other data transmission. Otherwise, the equipment should employ an error correction protocol.CDMA carriersThe following is a partial list of CDMA carriers worldwide for PCS (1900 MHz) and cellular (800 MHz), and is subject to change. (For a current listing of CDMA carriers, please visit the Web site for the CDMA Development Group at CDG http://www.cdg.org.) Please verify that your carrier supports the Kyocera 200 Module.Asia - PacificAustralianAAPT Ltd.nHutchison Telecom Australia (Orange)nLeap Wireless International (Oz Phone Pty)nOrangenTelestra Corporation LimitedBangladeshnPacific Bangladesh Telecom LimitedChina/Hong KongnChina UnicomnHutchison Telecom (HK) Ltd.IndianMahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL)nShyam Telelink LimitednTata Teleservices LimitedIndonesianKomunikasi Selular Indonesia (Komselindo)
CDMA and Cellular FundamentalsKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 2182-B7907-1 Rev. 005 CDMA and Cellular FundamentalsJapannDDI CorporationKoreanKorea Telecom Freetel, Inc.nLG Telecom, Ltd.nSK TelecomNew ZealandnTelecom Mobile LimitedEurope - RussiaRussianLeap Wireless InternationalGlobalnBellSouth InternationalCaribbean - Latin AmericaArgentinanCTI MovilnMovicom - BellsouthChilenSmartcom PCSDominican RepublicnCentennial DominicananCodetelGuatemalanPCS DigitalMexiconIUSACELLnOperadora UNEFON SAde CVnPegaso PCS, S.A. DE C.V.Puerto RiconCentennial Wireless de Puerto Rico
22 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryCDMA and Cellular Fundamentals 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005nMovistarAfrica - Middle EastAngolanAngola TelecomIsraelnPele-Phone Communications, Ltd.North AmericaCanadanBell MobilitynTelus Mobility Cellular, Inc.United Statesn3Rivers WirelessnAlaska DigitalnAlltel CommunicationsnAmica WirelessnBlackfoot CommunicationsnCleartalknCricket CommunicationsnFirst CellularnHargray CommunicationsnLeap Wireless International (Chase Telecommunications)nNextel Communications, Inc.nNTELOSnPCS DigitalnPoka Lambro WirelessnPVT NetworksnPine Belt WirelessnPYXIS CommunicationsnQwest WirelessnRCS WirelessnSan Isabel
CDMA and Cellular FundamentalsKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 2382-B7907-1 Rev. 005 CDMA and Cellular FundamentalsnSouth Central CommunicationsnSprint PCSnSRTnUS CellularnVerizon WirelessnWireless NorthPlease note that this is only a partial list of CDMA carriers worldwide for PCS (1900 MHz) and cellular (800 MHz), and it is subject to change.
24 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryCDMA and Cellular Fundamentals 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005
CDMA2000 3GKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 253CDMA2000 3G3G The International Telecommunications Union (ITU), working with worldwide industry bodies, implemented the IMT-2000 program to develop standards for 3G systems. CDMA2000, one of the most important of the ITU IMT-2000 standards, is the first 3G technology to be commercially deployed.cdma2000 3G standardFive terrestrial standards were developed as part of the IMT-2000 program. CDMA2000 1X, like CDMA2000 3X, is an ITU-approved, IMT-2000 (3G) standard. It is part of what the ITU has termed IMT-2000 CDMA MC, and was sanctioned along with four other terrestrial IMT-2000 standards (listed below) when ITU-R completed the Recommendations in late 1999.IMT2000 terrestrial radio interfaces:lIMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier (MC) – CDMA2000 1X and 3XlIMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread (DS) – WCDMA (UMTS)lIMT-2000 CDMA TDD – Ultra TDD and TD-SCDMAlIMT-2000 TDMA Single Carrier – UWC-136/EDGElIMT-2000 FDMA/TDMA – DECTthe cdma2000 family of standardsThe cdma2000 family of standards specifies a spread-spectrum radio interface that uses Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology to meet the requirements for 3G wireless communication systems. The standards in the family are: IS-2000-1, Introduction to cdma2000 Standards for Spread Spectrum SystemsIS-2000-2, Physical Layer Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum SystemsIS-2000-3, Medium Access Control (MAC) Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum SystemsIS-2000-4, Signaling Link Access Control (LAC) Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum SystemsIS-2000-5, Upper Layer (Layer 3) Signaling Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum SystemsIS-98-D, Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems
26 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryCDMA2000 3G 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005In addition, the family includes a standard that specifies analog operation, to support dual-mode mobile stations and base stations:IS-2000-6, Analog Signaling Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum SystemsRelationship to TIA/EIA-95-Bcdma2000 provides full backward compatibility with TIA/EIA-95-B. This permits cdma2000 infrastructure to support TIA/EIA-95-B mobile stations and permits cdma2000 mobile stations to operate in TIA/EIA-95-B systems. The cdma2000 family also supports reuse of existing TIA/EIA-95-B service standards, such as those that define speech services, data services, Short Message Services, and Over-the-Air Provisioning and Activation services, with the cdma2000 physical layer. cdma2000 and spectrumcdma2000 is not constrained to only the IMT band; it is defined to operate in all existing allocated spectrum for wireless telecommunications, thereby maximizing flexibility for operators. Furthermore, cdma2000 delivers 3G services while occupying a very small amount of spectrum (1.25 MHz per carrier), protecting this precious resource for operators.These bands include:lCellular (824–849 and 869–894 MHz)lPCS (1850–1910 and 1930–1990 MHz)lTACS (872–915 and 917–960 MHz)lJTACS (887–925 and 832–870 MHz)lKPCS (1750–1780 and 1840–1870 MHz)lNMT-450 (411–493 MHz, not continuous 10 MHz spacing)lIMT-2000 (1920–1980 and 2110–2170 MHz)l700 MHz (776–794 and 746–764 MHz)cdma2000 evolutioncdma2000 is evolving to continue to meet the future demands of the wireless marketplace. The cdma2000 1xEV standards will provide data-optimized channels, offering data rates well in excess of the ITU IMT-2000 2 Mbps requirement.cdmaOne (IS-95-A):lVoicelData up to 14.4 Kbps
CDMA2000 3GKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 2782-B7907-1 Rev. 005 CDMA2000 3GcdmaOne (IS-95-B):lVoicelData up to 115 Kbpscdma2000 1X:l2X increases in voice capacitylUp to 307 Kbps packet data on a single (1.25 MHz or 1X) carrier in new or existing spectrumlFirst 3G system for any technology worldwidecdma2000 1X has been commercially available since October 2000.cdma2000 1xEV:lOptimized, very high-speed data (Phase 1)lUp to 2.4 Mbps (downlink) packet data on a single (1.25 MHz) carrierlIntegrated voice and data (Phase 2); up to 4.8 Mbpscdma2000 1xEV is an evolution of cdma2000 1X. 1xEV-DO (Data Only) uses a separate 1.25 MHz carrier for data and offers peak data rates of 2.4 Mbps. 1xEV-DV (Data-Voice) integrates voice and data on the same carrier.Kyocera 200 Module and cdma2000The Kyocera 200 Module implements cdma2000 1X technology. The Module provides tri-mode operation with AMPS and CDMA in the 800 MHz cellular band and CDMA PCS in the 1900 MHz PCS band. The Kyocera 200 Module also supports data rates up to 153.6 Kbps in the reverse and forward links.Support of E911 Phase 2 Position LocationIt is a requirement of the FCC that 25% of new handset sales be ALI-capable by December 31, 2001. AFLT (Advanced Forward Link Trilateration) alone is not accurate enough to meet the accuracy requirements of the mandate. With AGPS and AFLT, the Kyocera 200 Module provides the capabilities required for a handset-based solution utilizing an assisting element on the network called the PDE (Position Determination Equipment). Messaging between the Module and the network is supported by IS-801.1. The FCC’s accuracy requirement for a system supporting E911 Phase 2 is 50 meters 67% of the time and 150 meters 95% of the time.
28 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryCDMA2000 3G 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005
Module OverviewKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 294Module OverviewCaution The Kyocera 200 is an Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive (ESDS) product.To protect the Kyocera 200 Module from electrostatic discharge, it must be completely enclosed with protective conductive packaging during storage and handling. Prior to opening the protective packaging, the part must be placed on a conductive workstation surface to dissipate any charge that has built up on the packaging.Once the Kyocera 200 Module has been removed from its protective packaging, it must be handled by an operator grounded through a conductive wrist strap or foot strap to ensure the Module is not subjected to electrostatic discharge.Module applicationsThe Kyocera 200 Module is intended for use by vendors and manufacturers who would like to design, build, and sell a wireless product using CDMA technology. The Module is suited for business applications like remote metering or security, point of sale, wireless vending, and vehicle tracking. It can support enterprise-wide needs like wireless voice and data solutions for automotive telematics and handheld devices.The Module’s continuing utility is ensured by advanced features like trimode capability (AMPS 800 MHz, CDMA digital 800 MHz, and CDMA PCS 1900 MHz), A-GPS position location capability, and support for IS-2000 data rates.Module type The Kyocera 200 Module provides:lEnvelope dimensions 64 mm x 48 mm, 11.4 mm thicklSerial control and data interfacelTwo sub-miniature RF connectors, 50 ohml3.6 V to 4.2 V inputlAnalog audio interfacelCDMA data up to 153.6 Kbps (forward and reverse link) depending on services available from your carrierlAMPS 800 MHz mode for voice onlylSoftware stacks including ANSI J-STD-008, IS-95, IS-707-A (formerly IS-99 circuit switched data and fax, IS-657 packet data), and IS-637-A (two-way SMS including Broadcast SMS capabilities) (as carriers support these features)
30 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryModule Overview 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005lIS-2000 (CDMA2000 Release 0) MOB_P_REV6 radio configurations and features as supported by the MSM5100 and infrastructurelIS-95-A/IS-95-B (J-STD-008) backward compatibility (MOB_P_REV1,3,4,5)l13 Kbps QCELP and EVRC vocoder support, compatible with TTY/TDD with operations in support of Telecommunications Act, Section 255lIS-683-A support; OTASP and OTAPAlIS-707-A service options (async/fax and packet data)lIS-835 (TCP/IP/PPP) simple IP and mobile IPlQuick Net Connect (single and double stack)lDual NAM supportModule benefitsThe tri-mode CDMA Module provides access to the CDMA wireless networks without need for engineering a CDMA product from ASIC level up. The time-to-market advantage saves resources and provides access to the latest wireless data technology. The Module is the core technology of KWC’s CDMA phones. It has been repackaged to provide a ready-to-integrate product. The developer can then concentrate on the specific application and hardware development application. The CDMA technology within the Module includes the RF and digital signal processing, analog audio interface, and serial interface. This is the basis from which to build a device.User featuresThe phone Module provides a complete solution to all functionality of a tri-mode cellular phone minus the keypad, display, and battery. The Module was developed to allow the system integrator to build CDMA-based devices and to allow very fast time to market. Applications might include a complete phone, a data modem, or an embedded component in a more powerful device that needs either voice or data connectivity in a small form factor. Definitions of subsystemsModule The Module card includes MSM ASIC, TCXO, synthesizers for frequency conversion, MSM clocking, necessary filtering to meet performance requirements, AGC circuits, DC power conditioning circuits, volume control, Rx circuitry, and memory.
Module OverviewKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 3182-B7907-1 Rev. 005 Module OverviewThe following figure shows that it is possible to build a full-featured voice phone with the addition of an external user microprocessor, LCD, keypad, and battery. This figure also shows a typical module interface.The Module card includes the following circuits, with the necessary filtering and AGC circuits to meet performance requirements.lMSM5100 ASIClMemorylPower management
32 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryModule Overview 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005lAudiolTransmit and receiveRF interface/antenna portTwo 50ohm coaxial RF connectors have been provided for Module testing and integration into an end user device. The OEM developer must provide a 50 ohm antenna that works in the desired frequency band of operation.Wireless data serviceThe convergence of wireless telephony with mobile computing is making wireless data services a reality. Among the services and capabilities that can be expected are: lDirect access to the InternetlDiagnostic and monitoring applicationslEmail capabilities for telephones, PDAs, and connected deviceslAccess to corporate intranets from vehicles and remote sites Data standards supportedlIS-99 – Circuit Switched DatalIS-657 – Packet Switched DatalIS-707-A – The combined CDMA Data StandardlQuick Net Connect (not a standard)Full documentation for TIA standards can be obtained from Global Engineering in Colorado (http://www.global.ihs.com) at 800-854-7179.
Environmental RequirementsKyocera Proprietary CDMA Module Data Book 335Environmental RequirementsThis chapter provides nonoperating and operating environmental requirements for the CDMA Module and includes specifications for the following:lTemperaturelHumiditylVibrationlMechanical shocklDropNonoperatingTemperature Storage temperature for the CDMA Module shall be -40°C to +85°C. After exposure of the Module to either temperature extreme for 96hours and stabilization at normal conditions, no damage or abnormal operation of performance resulted.Vibration The Module showed no signs of abnormality in operation and performance criteria after the following swept-sine vibration conditions in three mutually penpendicular directions: 1.5g acceleration, 5-500-5 Hz sinusoidal vibration, swept at 1.0 octave per minute.Mechanical shockThe Module showed no signs of abnormality in operation and performance criteria after the following shock conditions: three shocks in both positive and negative directions along each of the three orthogonal axes, with input level of 20g at 7 to 11 ms, half-sine waveform.Drop The Module showed no signs of abnormality in operation and performance criteria after the following drop conditions: Dropped six times, on all six faces, from 12 cm (4.9 in.) off the ground onto concrete covered with 1/8-inch vinyl tile.
34 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryEnvironmental Requirements 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005OperatingTemperature The Module shall meet all the operational requirements over the temperature range of -30°C to +60°C.Humidity The Module shall meet operational requirements over humidity conditions ranging from 0% to 85% relative humidity (non-condensing).Vibration The Module shall meet operational requirements under the following vibration conditions:lSwept-sine — 1.5g acceleration, 5-500-5 Hz sinusoidal vibration, swept at 0.1 octave per minutelRandom — 1.5g rms overall from 5 to 500 Hz, 0.025 power spectral density from 5 to 50 Hz with 6 dB per octave roll-off from 50 to 500 Hz for 60 minutes in each axis.
System SpecificationsKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 356System SpecificationsOperating temperatureThe Kyocera 200 Module is capable of operating in ambient air inside the user equipment from -30°C to +60°C (-22°F to +140°F).Dimensions The Kyocera 200 Module has “envelope” dimensions of 64mm × 48mm × 11.4mm. Other formats may be developed over time.Weight The weight of the Kyocera 200 Module, as measured, is 39 grams.Antennas The Kyocera 200 Module provides two 50ohm connectors, one for CDMA/AMPS and one for A-GPS. The antenna matching circuits on the circuit board are matched to 50 ohms (see chapter 15).User interfaceThe Kyocera 200 Module has a serial interface that provides access to user interface functions. This interface is capable of the following basic features by the use of specially formatted information packets.lBasic phone keypad operabilitylRSSI levellBasic phone setting adjustments for carrier selection, roaming, service programminglCall control, setup, teardown, and maintenancelVolume controllData services controlInterface connectorRefer to Appendix A for detailed technical information about the interface connector.
36 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietarySystem Specifications 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005The Kyocera 200 Module User’s Guide, 82-B7908-1, contains detailed technical information. This document is part of the complete CDMA Module Developer’s Kit (MDK) and is made available for purchase and license under the terms of certain module supply or module licensing agreements with the signing of a Non-Disclosure Agreement.
FeaturesKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 377FeaturesStandard featuresIndicators and displaysThe CDMA Module does not have any visible indicators or displays.Audible indicatorsThe CDMA Module does not have any audible indicators.Volume controls The Module takes serial port input commands for volume controls and uses these to set the gain factor in the codec stream. This allows you to control the audio volume without having to build an external volume control interface.Power on/off The Module has a power on/off sequence to ensure that the system has been shut down properly. Refer to the Kyocera 200 Module User’s Guide, 82-B7908-1, for details.Call processing featuresThe Module supports the following features with support packets in the serial interface. The customer is responsible for implementing the displays or actions taken from these features.Indicators and display support featureslIncoming call lCall dropped alertl“Missed call” indicatorAudible indicatorsThe Module supports the following indicators. Where possible, these are output on the audio output.lService warning-dropped call lLow voltage warninglVoice mail alert
38 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryFeatures 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005lMinute alert lSMS alertKeypad and dialing featuresThe Module supports the following features.lAdjustable audio output volume controlslFull dialing keypad simulationlVoice and text access/retrievallSend keylEnd keylPhone number storage/memorylDTMF tone lengthlDTMF mutelMuteConvenience featureslCall timerlTotal call timerlSubscriber number displaylReprogrammable memorylCall waitinglCall forwarding – if supported by carrierlThree-party call – if supported by carrierlClock – requires CDMA servicelCaller ID – when available on the CDMA system
Software DescriptionKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 398Software DescriptionThis chapter contains information on the software (Firmware) that runs on the Module.Software Software on the Module controls all aspects of its operation. The latest version is loaded onto the Module at the factory and is configured in accordance with the customer’s preferred service provider.The Product Support Tool (PST), which is included with the Module Development Kit, is the Windows-based application that enables you to flash new software to the Module when upgrades become available. The PST also allows you to configure and load a Preferred Roaming List (PRL).Note The AT command ‘AT+GMR’ will return the software version number and the PRL verson number.The Module is loaded with a PRL file. This file tells the Module how to acquire the network to which it has been assigned. It serves as an authorization between carriers for subscribers to utilize another carrier’s coverage area. Documentation is included with the PST.Interface There are two UARTs (RS232 communication ports) on the Module.UART 1 is used for communicating with the Module in AT command mode. AT commands can initiate calls (voice, packet data, asynchronous data) and query the Module for status and configuration information. Chapter 7 of the Kyocera 200 Module Reference Guide provides a complete AT command listing.UART 2 is used to communicate with the Module using Kyocera Multiplex Interface Protocol (KMIP). KMIP is a stop-and-wait protocol using HDLC-like frames. This interface protocol gives a broad range of Module control including capability to query the Module; make calls; send, receive, and acknowledge SMS messages; and access the A-GPS feature of the Module. The Reference Guide fully details this protocol.Kyocera Wireless Phone Support Toolkit (included with the MDK)The Phone Support Toolkit is a set of Windows-based tools designed to interface with, control, and test Kyocera Wireless Corp. phones and modules. The Phone
40 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietarySoftware Description 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005Support Toolkit server can keep track of multiple phones and modules on local host machines. System requirements are shown below.The Phone Support Toolkit currently consists of the server application (which has no interface) and the following six component (or “client”) applications.Kyocera Wireless PST ConfigurationThis client application provides basic phone status display (MIN, ESN, model) and allows phone control and monitoring.Service ProgrammingThis application saves service programming data to file, allows download of the same service programming to multiple phones, and allows download of dialing plan, carrier plan, carrier information, roaming list, and carrier/Web logo.Software DownloadThis application downloads software to connected Kyocera Wireless Corp. phones. It also backs up and restores nonvolatile (NV) memory contents between downloads.Phone Configuration TransferThis application provides personality transfer for Kyocera Wireless Corp. phones of the same model. It guides you through the transfer process using a wizard-based interface.Service Console This application allows the service center to record a problem phone’s fault codes inside the phone itself.Computer: Desktop or laptop computer, 166 MHz PentiumRAM: 32 MB or greaterHard drive: Application requires 20 MB of available space. Additional space is recommended for storing backup and download files.CD-ROM drive: For installing Kyocera Wireless Phone Support ToolkitVideo monitor: Minimum display resolution of 800x600Serial communications: Free serial I/O (COM) ports for up to eight phone connections
Software DescriptionKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 4182-B7907-1 Rev. 005 Software DescriptionRoaming List EditorThis application displays a phone’s roaming protocol information.CAIT (not included with the MDK)The QUALCOMM QCTest™ CDMA Air Interface Tester (CAIT) is the enhanced Windows version of QUALCOMM’s Mobile Diagnostic Monitor (MDM), which has been used extensively worldwide to analyze over-the-air CDMA system performance.CAIT characterizes over-the-air CDMA cellular or PCS system performance by measuring real-time, mobile-based CDMA RF performance as well as messaging and protocols specified by IS-95, J-STD-008, CDMA2000, 1xEV-DO, and WCDMA standards. CAIT displays subscriber station characteristics and can manipulate QUALCOMM subscriber station data and functions. CAIT is designed to operate using most handsets that contain QUALCOMM ASICs as well as all of QUALCOMM’s test/trial phones. Whether conducting tests in the lab or in the field, CAIT is a powerful tool to evaluate handset and network performance.Note Kyocera Wireless Corp. does not distribute or resell this software. Please contact QUALCOMM Incorporated directly to obtain CAIT.
42 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietarySoftware Description 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005
Digital and Audio Signal System SpecificationsKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 439Digital and Audio Signal System SpecificationsCDMA transceiver signal definitionsThe signals fall into the following classifications.lPowerlSerial port 1lSerial port 2lAnalog audio and audio controlCircuitry descriptionPower Power is fed to the CDMA transceiver via the VPH_PWR signal. This signal is fed from an external DC source.The Kyocera 200 Module User’s Guide, 82-B7908-1, describes the method for bringing the CDMA transceiver to the full power-up mode. MDK users can also power up by placing a jumper across pins 2 and 3 of J5 (XCVR_EN#).Transceiver enable and external powerThere are two ways to enable the module, transceiver enable (XCVR_EN#), and external power detection (VEXT#). To use external power detection, the VEXT# signal is pulled low. In this mode, the Module will power on whenever VPH_PWR is applied. There is a pull-down resistor on VEXT#, so external power is the default setting. To use XCVR_EN#, the VEXT# signal must be pulled up to VPH_PWR. The use of these signals is described in the Kyocera 200 Module User’s Guide, 82-B7908-1.Parameter Conditions ValueVVPH_PWR Transceiver operating voltage range 3.6 - 4.2 VICDMA_STBY Average standby current in CDMA 8 mA (typ)IFM_STBY Average standby current in FM 51 mA (typ)ICDMA_Tx Rx -80 dBm, Tx = 7 dBm, SCI=1 255 mA (typ),950 mA (pk)IFM_Tx Voice MAC = 2 1100 mA (max)
44 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryDigital and Audio Signal System Specifications 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005To use the Module as a full CDMA transceiver, a jumper should be placed over pins 2 and 3 of J5. (Note that the small white dot indicates pin 1.) To program the Module using the MDK and appropriate service programming tools, the jumper must be removed.Transceiver detectionThe signal XCVR_DET is used to detect that the Module is powered on. This is a digital signal wth a maximum current (source or sink) of 1 mA. This signal has a maximum output voltage of 2.85 V. See the Kyocera 200 Module User’s Guide, 82-B8908-1, for more detail on the use of this signal.LEDThe Module contains circuitry to drive an external LED. A separate enable signal (LED_EN#) is used to enable the drive circuit. The output signal (LED_DRV) should be connected to the cathode of the LED. The drive current is set at 10 mA and can be used to drive multiple LEDs. Since LED_EN# is pulled up to VPH_PWR on the Module, an open collector enable circuit is recommended. If this circuit is not used, both pins should not be connected.Serial port signalsThe CDMA transceiver digital circuitry is powered from a 2.85 V supply. A series resistor or other latchup control mechanism placed at the receiver inputs of the CDMA transceiver prevents CMOS latchup due to differing supply voltages and ground bounce.A CMOS logic high level corresponds to a data link mark or one level. A CMOS logic low level corresponds to a data link space or zero level. The data rate of this serial interface is up to 115 Kbps. There shall be eight data bits, no parity, and at least one stop bit.Serial port 1These data signals between the CDMA transceiver and the MDK form a full duplex asynchronous serial port with CMOS levels. The port is used to pass data for standard modem functions. These signals are present on the MDK and are referred to as UART1.The signals are standard RS-232 signals as listed below.lMSM_DP_TXDlMSM_DP_RXDlMSM_DP_CTS#lMSM_DP_RTS#lMSM_DP_DTR#lMSM_DP_RI#
Digital and Audio Signal System SpecificationsKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 4582-B7907-1 Rev. 005 Digital and Audio Signal System SpecificationslMSM_DP_DCD#Serial port 2These data signals between the CDMA transceiver and the MDK form a full duplex asynchronous serial port with CMOS levels. These signals are present on the MDK and are referred to as UART2The signals are a subset of the standard RS-232 signals as listed below.lMSM_DP_TXD2lMSM_DP_RXD2lMSM_DP_CTS2#lMSM_DP_RTS2#Audio circuitry descriptionThe Module contains complete audio circuitry to allow you to complete the cellular telephone circuits in analog form. The analog form uses the traditional microphone input and speaker output.The analog circuits are intended for a very simple, non-echo-canceling environment. The analog audio portion of the board has been carefully designed so that you can interface with the module and maintain the very highest audio quality. It is strongly recommended that the user device carefully isolate the audio circuits and grounds from all other sources of noise in the system.On the speaker side, the output is driven directly from the codec differential outputs and can drive a 1500ohm circuit. It is suggested that you buffer this signal with an external amplifier for driving lower impedance devices. If the external circuits are differential, then you should connect to both SPKR+ and SPKR-. If the external circuits are single-ended, then you should connect to SPKR+ and leave SPKR- floating.The microphone inputs, MIC+ and MIC-, are differential inputs intended for use with a standard condensing microphone. If the user device has a single-ended output from microphone circuits, then MIC+ should be used for the input signal to the module and MIC- should be connected to AUDIO_GND.Audio circuits The Module provides raw low-level audio signals to the 50-pin module connector (see Chapter 14). These signals are amplified on the MDK board. End users needing audio should use audio circuits similar to those shown in Chapter 14.Analog audio and audio controlOn the CDMA transceiver, the audio signals connect directly to the differential audio signals on the MSM5100. The signals are:
46 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryDigital and Audio Signal System Specifications 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005lEAR_SPKR+, EAR_SPKR- (Connect 32 ohm or greater earpiece receiver across these lines.)lMAIN_MIC+, MAIN_MIC- (Mic 1)lHS_SPEAKERlHS_MIC+ (Mic 2)An additional signal called LSPKR_ON is present on the board-to-board connector and could be used to enable an audio amplifier on the MDK board if that is needed in the future. Another signal, HS_PRES#, is used to indicate to the CDMA transceiver that a headset has been connected to the MDK. The MDK currently has an open drain output that is pulled up through a resistor on the CDMA transceiver. When this signal goes low, it means a headset has been connected to the headset jack on the MDK.The MDK audio circuits are optimized for the devices specified below.MicrophoneSensitivity: -45 +/-3 dB @ 1 kHz (0 dB = 1 V/Pa) RL = 2 kohms Vcc = 2 VEar speakerImpedance: 32 ohms @ 1 kHzSensitivity (at 1 mW/1 kHz): 105 +/-3 dB
Radio Frequency System SpecificationsKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 4710Radio Frequency System SpecificationsModule antenna specificationsTwo 50 ohm coaxial RF connectors are provided for Module testing and integration into an end user device. One connector is for GPS RF only; the other is for the Module’s tri-mode (PCS/cellular CDMA/AMPS) RF. The OEM developer must provide a suitable antenna that works in the desired frequency band of operation. The table below provides the Module’s conducted receive and transmit capabilities measured at the RF connectors The antenna gain should be designed using the conducted performance as a guideline toward meeting the radiated system requirements. (See Chapter 14, “Mechanical Specifications,” on page 65 for RF connector detail.) Kyocera 200 Module conducted requirements and typical performance* With assistanceStandards The Kyocera 200 Module meets or exceeds the following air interface standards and minimum performance standards except as noted in the applicable “Specification exceptions” section in this chapter.Standards specific to 800 MHzlTIA/EIA IS-95-AMobile Station – Base Station Compatibility Requirements for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular SystemParameter Minimum Module Requirement Typical Module performanceat 25CGPS receiver sensitivity -147 dBm < -149 dBm*PCS receiver sensitivity -104 dBm < -106.5 dBmCell CDMA receiver sensitivity -104 dBm < -107 dBmAMPS receiver sensitivity -116 dBm < -118.5 dBmPCS max transmit power 22.5 dBm 23 dBmCell CDMA max transmit power 23.5 dBm 24 dBmAMPS max transmit power 26 dBm 26.5 dBm
48 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryRadio Frequency System Specifications 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005lTIA/EIA TSB-74Support for 14.4 Kbps Data Rate and PCS Interaction for Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular SystemStandards specific to 1900 MHzlANSIJ-STD-008Personal Station – Base Station Compatibility Requirements for 1.8 to 2.0 GHz CDMA PCSlANSIJ-STD-018Recommended Minimum Performance Requirements for 1.8 to 2.0 GHz CDMA Personal Stations Standards applicable to both 800 MHz and 1900 MHzlCDG Ref. Document 27High Rate Speech Service Option for Wideband Spread Spectrum Communication SystemslTIA/EIA IS-96-ASpeech Service Option 1 Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular SystemslTIA/EIA IS-125Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for Digital Cellular Wideband Spread Spectrum Speech Service Option 1lTIA/EIA IS-126-AMobile Station Loopback Service Option StandardlQUALCOMM Document: 80-12918-1, Rev. X3Markov Service Options for Wideband Spread Spectrum Communications SystemslTIA/EIA IS-637Short Message Service (partial support) lTIA/EIA IS-707APacket data, circuit-switched data and digital fax capabilities as described in this documentlTIA/EIA IS-98-DRecommended Minimum Performance Requirements for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular Mobile Stations
Radio Frequency System SpecificationsKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 4982-B7907-1 Rev. 005 Radio Frequency System SpecificationslTIA-916Recommended Minimum Performance Specification for TIA/EIA/IS-801-1 Spread Spectrum Mobile StationslTIA/EIA IS-2000Introduction to cdma2000 Standards for Spread Spectrum SystemsSpecification exceptionsThe Kyocera 200 Module performs to the specifications except as noted in this section. Interoperability limitationAll components of the features listed in the previous section are not capable of being tested for interoperability with current infrastructure equipment until such time as commercially deployed infrastructure equipment supports all feature components. Prior to such interoperability testing occurring, all CDMA modules delivered by KWC may have the following exceptions.lAuthenticationlReduced rate vocoder operationIS-637 specification implementationThe CDMA Module supports the following IS-637 features (mobile-terminated).Cellular Paging Teleservice (CPT)Cellular Messaging Teleservice (CMT)Voice Mail Notification (VMN) RF system specificationsThe Kyocera 200 Module meets the IS-98 specification at 800 MHz, the ANSI J-STD-0018 specification at 1900 MHz, and the TIA-916 GPS specification.CDMA reference material and trainingThe Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA) oversees the CDMA standards. These documents are published and obtainable from:Global Engineering 15 Inverness Way EastInglewood, CO 80112USA800-854-7179fax - 303-397-2740
50 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryRadio Frequency System Specifications 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005Global EngineeringEurope: Rapidoc (UK) +44 1344 861 6666 rapidoc@techindex.co.ukAll CDMA devices that are activated on a service provider's network are expected to comply with these various standards.For information on CDMA worldwide, please visit the Web site for the CDMA Development Group at http://www.cdg.org. The CDMA Development Group (CDG) is a consortium of companies who have joined together to lead the adoption and evolution of CDMA wireless systems around the world.
Module Testing and IntegrationKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 5111Module Testing and IntegrationThis chapter outlines the testing performed at KWC and the suggested testing required by the customer. This test flow is part of the warranty/product support plan that KWC uses for returned Modules.KWC Module production testingThe Module is assembled by using standard Surface Mount Technology (SMT) and tested to verify functional performance. It is anticipated that once the Module has been designed into the customer’s units, the incoming QA test at the customer site should be able to determine that the Module is meeting specifications. Customer Module/device testingCustomer testing of the Module is recommended to be done in two parts. The customer is responsible for developing the test software and test flow at their incoming QA receiving. KWC provides a basic specification, which describes a set of tests to be performed, and suggests equipment and equipment settings to test the Module to the pertinent specifications.First, the customer tests RF specification-compliant Modules in developing the incoming test software. This incoming testing can be reduced to a sample test as required by the customer.After this incoming test, the customer then assembles the Module into the OEM device. During final testing, another final test station is used to test the Module inside the device.The test uses the 50 ohm connector and the same scripts used in the incoming test station to see if the Module still performs to specification while in the OEM’s device.If this final test fails, it is the customer’s responsibility to use the incoming QA test station to verify that the Module is either performing or not performing to specification. If the Module fails this test, then it is returned to KWC as a non-compliant device. CDMA test equipment and productslLease or purchase of test equipment is available from vendors who provide this equipment for CDMA over-the-air simulation. Some suggested products include:nHewlett Packard® HP-8924 CDMA Mobile Station Tester
52 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryModule Testing and Integration 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005nTektronix® CMD-80 CDMA Mobile Station TesternAgilent 8960 Series 10 E5515C CDMA Mobile Station TesterlSpectrum analyzer, RF power meterlCDMA Air Interface Tester (CAIT), available from QUALCOMM IncorporatednWindows-based program that generates real-time graphical displays that illustrate radio frequency (RF) energy, multipath, transmit/receive power, vocoder rate, frame error rate information, and system status. This product requires the execution of the Test and Deployment Supply Agreement with QUALCOMM.Product integrationThe Module is intended to be integrated into a customer device for provision of voice and data capabilities as outlined in chapter “RF System Specifications.” The Module is designed to be integrated by using a simple serial port for control and call processing and a single RF connection using the 50 ohm connector. A second 50 ohm connector is used for GPS. All testing costs will be incurred by the customer.NoteThe Module may require further shielding to pass FCC Part15 in the device being built. The customer is responsible for any further shielding.The Module has been tested by integrating it into user equipment. The tests indicated that the shielding provided on the Module is adequate to ensure that the KWC Module does not prevent the customer from passing the FCC Part15 testing if they shield their own device properly.The customer’s final device needs to maintain the standards that the Module has already passed in CDG Stage 1 and CDG Stage 2 certification tests. This device also needs to pass CDG 3 certification with the carrier/service provider(s) that the customer expects will provide service for the device once on the market. These test costs are the responsibility of the customer.Overview of test and integration flowThis section outlines hardware integration and test steps an OEM of a Module needs to address in order to verify performance of a KWC Module in an end application.Integration tests The Module has been tested for compliance to TIA/EIA IS-98-D or ANSI J-STD-0018 (SP-3385) as a stand-alone device. Integration testing is required to assert that these specifications are still met when the Module is operating in the end application. Formal compliance to IS-98 or J-STD-0018 is proven by doing
Module Testing and IntegrationKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 5382-B7907-1 Rev. 005 Module Testing and Integrationregression testing in the application device. The customer is ultimately responsible for compliance of the application device.Antenna matchingThe Module has two 50 ohm coaxial RF connectors that can be mated with suitable 50 ohm antennas that work in the desired frequency band of operation. Antenna systems should be designed to ensure compliance with IS-98 and J-STD-0018.Audio integrationPerformance of microphone and speaker transducers must be verified in the end application. Module analog audio circuits have been verified in a typical portable phone application.The serial data, power supply/battery and the digital codec interfaces should be integrated and verified for proper electrical performance. Mechanical and environmental testsModules are tested for compliance to environmental requirements typical for cellular phones. Similar tests appropriate for use in the end application device should be performed and would be the responsibility of the customer.CDG-1, CDG-2, CDG-3 Modules are certified CDG-1 and partially certified with Lucent, Nortel, Motorola, and Samsung infrastructure equipment to CDG-2 testing requirements agreed to by the CTIA’s CDMA Development Group. Users may wish or be required to perform all or a regression suite of these tests depending on the carrier network they use. Standards also vary in some international markets. (Information on the CDMA Development Group (CDG) is available at www.cdg.org.)lCDG-1 tests are performed in formal test labs of various members of the CDG. CDG-1 tests verify compliance to either IS-98 or J-STD-0018.CDG-2 tests are performed on site at infrastructure equipment manufacturers (arranged by the OEM developer). These tests verify interoperability with infrastructure equipment. Tests are run using the RF test connector (not antenna system).lCDG-3 tests are an end application test. These are over-the-air tests to verify performance within a particular carrier’s network. The Module is not formally tested in this manner. The OEM needs to perform this testing in coordination with the carrier(s) they plan to utilize.
54 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryModule Testing and Integration 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005FCC compliance The equipment certifications appropriate to your device are marked on the device and the accompanying product specification. Where appropriate, use of the equipment is subject to the following conditions.Caution The Kyocera 200 Module has been certified by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”). Unauthorized modifications or changes not expressly approved by Kyocera Wireless Corp. (“Kyocera”) could void compliance with regulatory rules, and thereby your authority to use this equipment.Caution Electromagnetic Interference (EMI): To avoid any harmful interference to radio communication or any electronic equipment, it is a user’s responsibility to test the final product at a system level and to ensure the final product is in compliance with Part 15 of the FCC rules. This test can be performed by any FCC-certified test lab.WARNING: To reduce any possible hazard due to exposure of the human body to electromagnetic radiation, per FCC OET Bulletin 65, this device is approved for operation using the antennas as described below. The antenna installation must provide a separation distance of 20 cm or more between the antenna and all persons to satisfy Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) compliance. This installation limitation must be included in the integrator/Original Equipment Manufacturer (“OEM”) user guide to alert users on FCC RF exposure compliance. In order to fulfill the FCC certification requirements, the following requirements must be complied with.Labeling:An FCC ID label is on the Module itself. The FCC label must be visible through a window on the final device or it must be visible when an access panel, door, or cover is easily removed. If not, a second label must be placed on the outside of the final device containing the following text:Contains “FCC ID: OVFKWC-M200”Antenna:For FCC compliance, the Kyocera 200 Module has been tested with the approved antennas listed below. At an OEM’s request and agreement to pay Kyocera for all related costs, including but not limited to engineering costs, outside lab costs, and FCC charges, Kyocera will consider adding new antennas to the current FCC ID.If Kyocera, in its discretion, agrees to test the Kyocera 200 Module with an alternative antenna and the test is successful, Kyocera will then apply to the FCC for a Class II Permissive Change.If an OEM does not use a Kyocera pre-certified antenna configuration or work with Kyocera to add its antenna to the Kyocera FCC ID, the OEM may not use Kyocera’s FCC ID grant number and must apply to the FCC for a new certification and new FCC ID for their final product.
Module Testing and IntegrationKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 5582-B7907-1 Rev. 005 Module Testing and Integration1. Swivel dipolenManufacturer: Galtronics Inc.nModel number: 020806075-2397nMeasured maximum gain (including RF cable loss): 2.2 dBi in cell band and 5.4 dBi in PCS band
56 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryModule Testing and Integration 82-B7907-1 Rev. 0052. Mono pole dual band magnetic mountnManufacturer: MAXRAD, Inc.nModel number: MDBM800/1900TNCnRated gain: 2 dBi at 824-896 MHz, 2 dBi at 1850-1990 MHz
Module Testing and IntegrationKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 5782-B7907-1 Rev. 005 Module Testing and Integration3. Mono pole and patch for GPSnManufacturer: Mobile Mark, Inc.nModel number: SMV-UCE-1C2CnRated gain: 2 dBi on Cellular, Unity on PCS
58 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryModule Testing and Integration 82-B7907-1 Rev. 0054. Printed dipolenManufacturer: Comverge Technologies, Inc.nModel number: UNIVERSAL MAINGATE C&I - CDMA ASSY 473609nRated gain: Unity on Cellular, not designed for PCS
Module Testing and IntegrationKyocera Proprietary Kyocera 200 Module Data Book 5982-B7907-1 Rev. 005 Module Testing and Integration5. Quarter wave sleeve dipole for Cellular, half wave sleeve dipole for PCSnManufacturer: Klong Electronics Co. Ltd.nModel number: EX-203nRated gain: Cellular: 1.61 dBi, PCS: 2.77 dBi
60 Kyocera 200 Module Data Book Kyocera ProprietaryModule Testing and Integration 82-B7907-1 Rev. 005Factory tests Each Module undergoes functional testing per specifications using the RF test connector. No radiated tests are performed. The 50 ohm coaxial RF interfaces are verified. The manufactured end item needs to be verified for functionality of the antenna system and audio circuits if used.Regarding development and testing of OEM device using Module:lOEM must follow standards for voice and data as indicated by TIA.lOEM must follow standards for AT commands to send data to the Module/phone.lOEM may require constant activation of device by desired carrier for ongoing testing.Regarding certification of device on carrier's network for U.S. market:Upon accepting the Module as a tested component to the OEM’s device, the carrier provides direction to the OEM as to further testing that may be required on the OEM’s part.Please note that service providers may require the OEM’s product to pass some basic over-the-air testing before it can be active on a provider’s network. This will ensure the service provider that the network will not be adversely affected during an OEM’s product development.

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