L 3 Communications Avionics Systems TRC899 User Manual Chapter2

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$12.00 U.S.
Pilot’s Guide
for the
Traffic Alert/Advisory System
li
Model SKY899
Eyes That Never Blink™
Early Traffic Alert/Advisory Systems
In the early days of flight, pilots were equipped with all they
needed for effective collision avoidance–a sharp pair of eyes.
But increasing traffic at higher speeds led to the development
of TCAS I and II (Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systems)
which were too expensive for most regional airlines, business
aircraft, and general aviation aircraft.
SKYWATCH®
BFGoodrich Avionics Systems, Inc. recognized the need for an
alternative to expensive TCAS systems and developed the
SKYWATCH model SKY497 Traffic Advisory System (TAS) and
the SKYWATCH HP model SKY899 TAS/TCAS I.
The SKYWATCH HP can be installed as a TAS to provide most
of the capabilities of TCAS I, but at a significantly lower cost,
making it practical for small aircraft. The SKYWATCH HP can
also be installed as a TCAS I.
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In addition to its TCAS I capability, SKYWATCH HP improves
upon the SKY497 by adding ADS-B surveillance, a larger display
range (15 nmi), and a higher maximum closure rate (1200 kn).
Proven Experience
BFGoodrich Avionics Systems, Inc. has been involved in the
development of collision warning programs since the early
1980’s. In 1985, BFG began development of an enhanced
collision warning system for the Navy’s T-34C training aircraft.
Based largely on the success of the Navy project, BFG was
selected to validate the specifications for TCAS I. As a result,
BFG’s original TCAS I unit, the TCAS791 was the first TCAS I to
be TSO’d, first to receive a full, unrestricted STC, first to fly,
and first to be delivered.
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
$12.00 U.S.
Pilot’s Guide
for the
Traffic Alert/Advisory System
Model SKY899
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Methods and apparatus disclosed and described herein have been developed solely on company funds of BFGoodrich Avionics Systems, Inc. No government or other contractual support or relationship whatsoever has
existed which in any way affects or mitigates proprietary rights of BFGoodrich Avionics Systems, Inc. in these
developments. Methods and apparatus disclosed herein may be subject to U.S. Patents existing or applied for.
BFGoodrich Avionics Systems, Inc. reserves the right to add, improve, modify, or withdraw functions, design
modifications, or products at any time without notice.
© Copyright 2001
BFGoodrich Avionics Systems, Inc.
SKYWATCH®, EYES THAT NEVER BLINK™, and STORMSCOPE® are trademarks of
BFGoodrich Avionics Systems, Inc.
Designed and manufactured in the United States of America by
BFGoodrich Avionics Systems, Inc.
5353 52nd Street, S.E.
Grand Rapids, MI 49512 USA
(800) 253-9525 or (616) 949-6600
Fax (616) 285-4224
www.bfgavionics.com
Safety Summary
These warnings and cautions appear later in this guide and are
repeated here for emphasis:
CAUTION
page 3-1
To avoid power surges that could damage the SKY899 and the
optional WX-1000, start your engines before turning on the SKY899.
page 3-6
The SKY899 relies on information obtained from transponders in
nearby aircraft. The SKY899 does not detect or track aircraft which
are not equipped with an operating Air Traffic Control Radar
Beacon System (ATCRBS) transponder.
page 3-6
page 3-6
CAUTION
page 3-6
The SKY899 does not track intruder aircraft approaching at a
closure rate greater than 1200 knots.
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Some traffic within the chosen display range may not be displayed
due to traffic prioritizing, antenna shielding, or ground intruder
filtering.
Optimum SKY899 performance is realized when intruder aircraft
are reporting their altitude (via a mode C or other altitude
reporting transponder).
page 3-6
ii
page 3-5
If the SKY899 is in SKYWATCH mode, the display will not automatically switch into Stormscope mode to display thunderstorms or
Stormscope errors. Use the remote SKYWATCH/Stormscope mode
switch to periodically check for thunderstorms or Stormscope errors.
Do not attempt evasive maneuvers based solely on traffic information on the display. Information on the display is provided to the
flight crew as an aid in visually acquiring traffic; it is not a
replacement for Air Traffic Control (ATC) and See & Avoid
techniques.
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
Table of Contents
Section
Page
List of Illustrations ....................................... v
List of Tables...............................................vi
Abbreviations & Acronyms............................ vii
Chapter 1, System Description ................... 1-1
General Description ................................................................... 1-1
Transmitter Receiver Computer (TRC) ........................................ 1-2
Directional Antenna ................................................................... 1-2
Display ...................................................................................... 1-3
Interaction of Major Components ............................................... 1-4
Functional Description ............................................................... 1-4
Features ..................................................................................... 1-6
Chapter 2, Controls & Indicators ................. 2-1
Introduction .............................................................................. 2-1
Controls, Indicators, & Symbols ................................................. 2-1
Controls Required for the Stormscope Option ............................... 2-5
Controls & Indicators for an Alternate Display ............................. 2-6
Aural Announcements ................................................................ 2-6
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Chapter 3, Operating Instructions ............... 3-1
Introduction .............................................................................. 3-1
Turn On the SKY899 ................................................................. 3-1
Run the Operator-Initiated Self Test ............................................ 3-3
Switch Between Standby & Normal Operating Mode ................... 3-3
Change the Display Range .......................................................... 3-4
Change the Vertical Display Mode ............................................... 3-5
Switch Between SKYWATCH & Stormscope .................................. 3-5
Observe the Display ................................................................... 3-6
Respond to Traffic Advisories ...................................................... 3-6
Turn Off the SKY899 and the Optional WX-1000 ....................... 3-7
Operate the WX-1000 Without the SKY899 ............................... 3-7
Operate the SKY899 Without the WX-1000 ............................... 3-7
Message Response ...................................................................... 3-7
Respond to a Failed System .................................................... 3-7
Respond to a Degraded System .............................................. 3-9
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
iii
Table of Contents (continued)
Section
Page
Chapter 4, Principles of Operation ............... 4-1
Introduction .............................................................................. 4-1
Sensitivity Levels ........................................................................ 4-1
Sensitivity Level A ................................................................. 4-1
Sensitivity Level B ................................................................. 4-3
Audio Inhibit, SKY899 ............................................................... 4-5
Audio Inhibit, GPWS, EGPWS, or TAWS ................................... 4-5
TA Symbol Duration .................................................................. 4-6
Ground Intruder Filtering ........................................................... 4-6
ADS-B ...................................................................................... 4-6
Chapter 5, Display Interpretation ................ 5-1
Introduction .............................................................................. 5-1
Chapter 6, Specifications ........................... 6-1
Chapter 7, Warranty Information ................ 7-1
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Introduction .............................................................................. 7-1
Warranty Statement .................................................................... 7-1
Related Policies and Procedures ................................................... 7-2
iv
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
List of Illustrations
Figure
Title
Page
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
SKY899 Major Components .............................................................. 1-1
Display with Typical SKYWATCH HP Screen .................................... 1-3
Display with Typical Stormscope Screen (Optional) ............................. 1-3
System Block Diagram ....................................................................... 1-5
Vertical Display Modes and Traffic Zones ............................................ 1-7
2-1
2-2
2-3
Controls & Screen Elements in Standby .............................................. 2-1
Controls & Screen Elements in Operating Mode ................................. 2-2
Vertical Display Mode Indicator Lamps ............................................... 2-6
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-9
BFGoodrich Screen ........................................................................... 3-1
Standby Screen .................................................................................. 3-2
In-Flight Traffic Screen....................................................................... 3-2
Failed Screen ..................................................................................... 3-2
Test Screen ........................................................................................ 3-3
Traffic Screen on the Ground .............................................................. 3-4
Display Ranges .................................................................................. 3-4
Message Screen with Two Messages ..................................................... 3-9
Message Screen with No Messages .................................................... 3-10
4-1
4-2
4-4
TA Zones If Your Aircraft Has a Radio Altimeter .................................. 4-4
TA Zones If Your Aircraft Has No Radio Altimeter, But Does Have a
Retractable Landing Gear ................................................................... 4-4
TA Zones If Your Aircraft Has No Radio Altimeter
and a Fixed Landing Gear ................................................................... 4-5
ADS-B ............................................................................................. 4-6
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-6
5-7
TA & OT on 15 nmi Range, UNR Mode ........................................... 5-1
Other Traffic on 15 nmi Range, UNR Mode ....................................... 5-2
Other Traffic on 6 nmi Range, NRM Mode ......................................... 5-2
TA & OT on 2 nmi Range, BLW Mode .............................................. 5-2
Off-Screen TA on 2 nmi Range, ABV Mode ........................................ 5-3
Standby Screen .................................................................................. 5-3
Failed Screen ..................................................................................... 5-3
4-3
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SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
List of Tables
Table
Title
Page
4-1
Fourteen Situations in Which a Traffic Advisory Will Occur ................. 4-2
6-1
6-2
6-3
TRC899 Specifications ...................................................................... 6-1
BFG WX-1000/SKY497 Display Specifications .................................. 6-3
NY164 Directional Antenna Specifications
(for TAS installations only) ................................................................. 6-4
NY156 Directional Antenna Specifications
(required for TCAS I installations, optional for TAS) ............................... 6-4
6-4
vi
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SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
Abbreviations & Acronyms
ABV
Ack
ADS-B
AFM
AFS
AGL
AHRS
Alt
ARINC
ATC
ATCRBS
ATI
ATM
BFG
BFGAS
BLW
Comm
CPA
CRT
EFIS
EGPWS
FAA
fpm
FSAW
GPS
GPWS
Grnd
HP
I/O
IVSI
kn
MFD
Mod
Above
Acknowledge
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast
Aircraft Flight Manual
Flight Standards Service
Above Ground Level
Attitude and Heading Reference System
Altitude
Aeronautical Radio, Inc.
Air Traffic Control
Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System
Air Transport Indicator
Air Traffic Management
BFGoodrich
BFGoodrich Avionics Systems, Inc.
Below
Communication
Closest Point of Approach
Cathode Ray Tube
Electronic Flight Instrument System
Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System
Federal Aviation Administration
Feet Per Minute
Flight Standards Information Bulletin for
Airworthiness
Global Positioning System
Ground Proximity Warning System
Ground
High Performance
Input/Output
Instantaneous Vertical Speed Indicator
Knots
Multi-Function Display
Modification
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SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
vii
Abbreviations & Acronyms (continued)
MSG
Nav
nm
nmi
NRM
OPR
OT
PA
P/N
Rev
RGC
RTCA
SLA
SLB
SSR
STB
TA
TAS
TAWS
TCAS
TRC
TSO
UNR
viii
Message
Navigation
Nautical Miles (on the display)
Nautical Miles (in the text)
Normal
Operate
Other Traffic
Proximity Advisory
Part Number
Revision
Radar Graphics Computer
Requirements & Technical Concepts for Aviation
Sensitivity Level A
Sensitivity Level B
Secondary Surveillance Radar
Standby
Traffic Advisory
Traffic Advisory System
Terrain Awareness and Warning System
Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System
Transmitter Receiver Computer
Technical Standard Order
Unrestricted
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SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
Chapter
System Description
General Description
The SKYWATCH® HP Traffic Alert/Advisory System, model
SKY899, from BFGoodrich Avionics Systems, Inc. (BFG) can be
installed as a Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System I
(TCAS I) or as a Traffic Advisory System (TAS). In either
configuration, the SKY899 monitors the airspace around your
aircraft and advises the flight crew where to look for transponder-equipped aircraft that may pose a collision threat. Traffic
information on the display generally includes the range, relative
bearing, and relative altitude of intruder aircraft. The SKY899
also makes aural announcements such as traffic advisories on
the cockpit audio system. The SKY899 is intended for use by
high performance corporate and general aviation aircraft.
Figure 1-1 shows the major components of the SKY899.
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Display
TRC
This is the SKY497
picture. I will substitute
a picture of the SKY899
when the equipment is
ready to photograph.
Directional Antenna
Figure 1-1. SKY899 Major Components
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
1-1
TRC & Antenna
Chapter 1 – System Description
When installed as a TAS, the SKY899 can share a BFG model
WX-1000/SKY497 monochrome display (P/N 78-8060-5900-8 or 9) with a BFG STORMSCOPE® model WX-1000 using a remote
SKYWATCH/Stormscope mode switch. As a TAS, the SKY899 can
also display traffic on a growing number of Multi-Function
Displays (MFDs) and Electronic Flight Instrument System
(EFIS) displays from companies such as Avidyne, Garmin, and
Collins, or on select Instantaneous Vertical Speed Indicators
(IVSIs) from Honeywell or Sextant, or on a compatible weather
radar indicator via the BFG Radar Graphics Computer, model
RGC250. Check with your dealer or with BFG for a current list
of approved alternate displays.
When installed as a TCAS I, the SKY899 displays its traffic
information on a TCAS I-compatible alternate display as described above, but not on the WX-1000/SKY497 display.
Hereafter the word display refers to the WX-1000/SKY497
display unless otherwise indicated. For any other display, refer
to that display’s manual for a description of how it displays
SKY899 traffic information.
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Transmitter Receiver Computer (TRC)
The TRC is the primary unit of the SKY899. It converts signals
from the directional antenna and from other aircraft systems
into an on-screen picture of intruder aircraft locations, and if
necessary, aural traffic advisories. The TRC can track up to 35
intruder aircraft simultaneously, but to reduce clutter, the
SKY899 only displays the 8 most threatening intruders being
tracked. The TRC also has built-in test equipment to detect
faults and to verify proper operation.
Directional Antenna
The directional antenna transmits omnidirectional mode C
interrogations and receives directional replies from other
transponder-equipped aircraft in the vicinity. The antenna also
receives Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B)
mode S extended squitter broadcasts from intruder aircraft.
1-2
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
Display
Chapter 1 – System Description
Display
The display is a 3-inch Air Transport Indicator (3-ATI) unit
with a high resolution, green monochrome Cathode Ray Tube
(CRT) display. The bezel contains four momentary contact
push-button switches and an on/off/brightness knob. The
display provides control and display functions for the SKY899
(installed as a TAS) and for a WX-1000 Stormscope (if installed).
The display does not display traffic and storm information
simultaneously. The position of a remote SKYWATCH/
Stormscope mode switch determines whether the display shows
traffic or storm information; however, if you’re in Stormscope
mode and the SKY899 detects traffic that may pose an immediate threat to your aircraft, the display temporarily switches to
SKYWATCH mode. Figure 1-2 shows the display with a typical
SKYWATCH HP screen. Figure 1-3 shows the display with a
typical Stormscope screen.
OFF
+03
+80
-35
UNR
-07
15nm
BRT
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Figure 1-2. Display with Typical
SKYWATCH HP Screen
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
MENU
CLEAR
OFF
BRT
25
120°
200 nm
Figure 1-3. Display with Typical
Stormscope Screen (Optional)
1-3
Interaction of Major Components
Chapter 1 – System Description
Interaction of Major Components
Figure 1-4 shows how the major components of the SKY899
connect to each other and to other aircraft systems.
Notes on Figure 1-4:
1. The optional radio altitude input affects the SKY899 audio
inhibit feature, the ground intruder filtering feature, and
the sensitivity levels feature. (See chapter 4 for details.)
2. GPS nav data is only required if you plan on using
SKY899’s ADS-B feature (for intruder location enhancement).
3. The SKY899 works without a heading input, but experiences degraded performance during high-rate-of-turn
maneuvers.
4. Having a weight-on-wheels input allows the SKY899 to
automatically switch out of standby when you take off,
and into standby when you land.
5. The SKY899 may be installed on aircraft with fixed landing
gear. The optional landing gear position input affects the
sensitivity levels feature. (See chapter 4 for details.)
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6. The RGC250 /radar indicator or alternate display can be in
place of, or in addition to the WX-1000/SKY497 display for
TAS installations, but one of the two must be used for
TCAS I installations.
7. Only required when using an alternate display that doesn’t
display vertical display mode indications.
Functional Description
The SKY899 is an active system that operates as an aircraft-toaircraft interrogation device. The SKY899 interrogates aircraft
transponders in the surrounding airspace (within a 35 nmi
horizontal radius) similar to the way ground-based radar
interrogates aircraft transponders. When the SKY899 receives
replies to its interrogations, it computes the responding
aircraft’s range, relative bearing, relative altitude, and closure
rate. The SKY899 also receives any ADS-B broadcasts from the
responding aircraft and uses that information along with your
own aircraft Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation (nav)
data to enhance the computed relative position of the respond-
1-4
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
System Block Diagram
Chapter 1 – System Description
Intruder Aircraft
Transponder
Interrogations
SKY899
Transponder
Replies
Directional
Antenna
Transponder
Replies
ADS-B Squitter
Broadcasts
Radio Altitude
System Software
Updates
Air Data Computer
(Optional)
Personality
Plug
Flight Data
& System
Configuration
Configuration
Settings
Flash Card
Aircraft
Audio
System
+28 V dc
Aural TA's & Other Audio Output
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Control Panel for
use with Alternate
Display (Optional)
GPWS/TAWS
(Optional)
Magnetic Heading
Auxiliary Serial Data (RS-232)
Auxiliary ARINC 429 RX Data
Alternate Display
(Optional)
Aircraft Power
Audio Inhibit
Auxiliary Serial Data (RS-422)
BFG RGC250/
Radar Indicator
(Optional)
Aircraft
Suppression Bus
TX/RX Inhibit
ABV & BLW
Indicator Lamp Outputs
Bi-directional Discrete I/O
Future
Enhancements
GPS Navigation
System (Optional)
SKYWATCH Display (ARINC 429)
SKYWATCH Control (ARINC 429)
SKYWATCH Display (ARINC 429)
SKYWATCH Control
Display Power
Synchro XYZ
Compass, or
AHRS (Optional)
Mag. Heading Valid
TRC
Weight On Wheels
Squat Switch
(Optional)
Landing
Gear Position
Landing Gear
Switch (Optional)
Diagnostic
Commands and
Status (RS-232)
Diagnostic
Equipment e.g.
Laptop (Optional)
SKYWATCH/
Stormscope
Mode Selection
SKYWATCH/
Stormscope
Mode Switch
TRC On/Off Control
WX-1000
Stormscope
Processor
SKYWATCH-TAS or
Stormscope Display
WX-1000
Display
Stormscope Display
Stormscope Control
SKYWATCH-TAS or
Stormscope Control
On/Off Control
TRC On/Off Control
When WX-1000 is
Powered Down or
Removed
Override
On/Off Control
(with Stormscope Option)
Norm
ABV & BLW
Indicator Lamps
GPS Nav Data
(ARINC 429)
Discrete Lamp Control
Operate Lamp
(Optional)
Radio Altimeter or
Flight Data
Computer
(Optional)
Barometric Altitude
WX-1000
On/Off Control
Stormscope Option
Transponder
Interrogations
Encoding Altimeter
ADS-B Squitter
Broadcasts
WX-1000
Maintenance
Switch
Figure 1-4. System Block Diagram
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
1-5
Features
Chapter 1 – System Description
ing aircraft. The SKY899 then predicts collision threats and
plots the eight most threatening aircraft locations on the
display.
Figure 1-5 shows the SKY899 vertical display modes (look up,
look down, normal, and unrestricted). The figure also shows
the traffic zones around your aircraft and the traffic symbols
that appear on the display when intruding aircraft enter one of
those zones.
A solid circle is the visual part of the Traffic Advisory (TA) that
the SKY899 generates when it predicts that an intruder aircraft
may pose a collision threat. The aural part of the TA, “traffic,
traffic,” is annunciated over a cockpit speaker or headset. An
open diamond represents Other Traffic (OT) that does not pose
an immediate collision threat. A solid diamond (Proximity
Advisory, PA) only appears on TCAS installations.
The SKY899 uses either Sensitivity Level A (SLA) or Sensitivity
Level B (SLB) to determine when to display a TA. In general,
SLB is used during the in-flight phase and SLA is used during
takeoff and landing. Sensitivity levels and other factors affecting the display of traffic symbols are discussed in detail in
chapter 4.
Features
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• Tracks up to 35 intruder aircraft (displays the 8 most threatening)
• Tracks intruder aircraft approaching at closure rates up to
1200 knots
• Installs as a TAS or as a TCAS I
• Costs only a fraction of the price of a traditional TCAS I or II
• Requires no mode S transponder
• Displays traffic information in three horizontal display
ranges: 15, 6, and 2 nmi
• Displays traffic information in four vertical display modes:
normal (±2,700 ft), look up (+9,000 ft to –2,700 ft), look down
(+2,700 ft to –9,000 ft), and unrestricted (±9,900 ft)
• Generates visual and aural advisories of aircraft that may pose
a collision threat
1-6
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
Traffic Zones Diagram
Chapter 1 – System Description
15 nmi
+9900 ft
15 nmi
+9000 ft
(OT)
(OT)
Intruder Aircraft
+2700 ft
Look Up (ABV)
4 nmi
Normal (NRM)
0.2 nmi
Sensitivity Level A
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**
(PA – on TCAS only)
(O T)
(O T)
+1200 ft
0.55 nmi
Look Down (BLW)
Unrestricted (UNR)
15 nmi
+800 ft
+600 ft
0 ft
–600 ft
–800 ft
–1200 ft
–2700 ft
Not To Scale
–9000 ft
(O T)
–9900 ft
*15 seconds for non-altitude reporting intruder aircraft
**20 seconds for non-altitude reporting intruder aircraft
Refer to chapter 4 for details.
CPA – Closest Point of Approach PA – Proximity Advisory
– Traffic Advisory
OT – Other Traffic
Figure 1-5. Vertical Display Modes and Traffic Zones
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
1-7
Features
Chapter 1 – System Description
Features – Continued
• Performs automatic and operator-initiated self tests
• Offers a high-resolution, green monochrome, CRT display for
TAS installations
• Transmits interrogations from the ground (if desired) as well
as from the air
• Shares a display with the Stormscope WX-1000 (if desired)
when the SKY899 is installed as a TAS
• Switches to the SKYWATCH screen from the optional
Stormscope screen automatically when a TA occurs
• Uses only one antenna
• Eases installation since the standard TAS display fits in a 3-ATI
cutout in the cockpit panel
• Displays traffic on a variety of displays
• Uses information from ADS-B broadcasts (if available) along
with own aircraft GPS nav data to enhance intruder location
computation
1-8
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SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
Chapter
Controls &
Indicators
Introduction
This chapter describes the SKY899 controls and indicators
including the controls, indicators, and symbols on the display,
discrete controls and indicators, and aural announcements.
Controls, Indicators, & Symbols
Figures 2-1 and 2-2 and the following paragraphs describe the
SKY899 controls, indicators, and symbols.
Standby
Indicator
Message
Button
Message
Indicator
Test
Button
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OFF
BRT
SKY899
Standby
MSG
TEST
OPR
6 nm
Label for Display Range
Test Button
Indicator
Power/
Brightness
Control Knob
Operating
Mode Button
Label for Op
Mode Button
Display Range
Button
Figure 2-1. Controls & Screen Elements in Standby
Power/Brightness Control Knob (OFF/BRT)
This knob controls power to the SKY899 and WX-1000
(if installed) and adjusts display brightness.
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
2-1
On-Screen Elements
Chapter 2 – Controls & Indicators
Range
Rings
OFF
Off-Screen
Traffic
Advisory (TA)
BRT
+05
Traffic
Advisory (TA)
+04
Own Aircraft
Other Traffic
Message
Button
6nm
STB
Message
Indicator
Vertical
Display Mode
Button
Vertical
Display Mode
Indicator
Display
Range
Indicator
Vertical
Trend Arrow
Operating
Mode Button
Label for Op
Mode Button
+ 10
MSG
UNR
Power/
Brightness
Control Knob
Data Tag
Display
Range
Button
Figure 2-2. Controls & Screen Elements in Operating Mode
+04
2-2
Data Tag These two digits indicate, in hundreds of feet, the relative altitude of the intruder
aircraft. In this case, +04 means the intruder
aircraft is 400 feet above you. A positive data tag is
displayed above the traffic symbol to emphasize
that the intruder aircraft is above your aircraft.
Similarly, a negative data tag is displayed below
the traffic symbol. If the intruder is at the same
altitude as your aircraft, 00 is displayed above the
traffic symbol.
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The data tag for a vertically out of range TA stays
at the maximum or minimum relative altitude
number of the current vertical display mode until
the intruder aircraft comes within the relative
altitude limits of the vertical display mode. The
SKY899 only displays data tags for altitude reporting aircraft. Non-altitude-reporting aircraft are
considered to be at the same altitude as your awn
aircraft.
Traffic Advisory (TA) A TA consists of a symbol onscreen and a “traffic, traffic” message on the cockpit
speakers or headset. When an intruder aircraft that meets
the TA criteria described in chapter 4 is within the
displayed range (inside or outside of the selected vertical
display mode), the corresponding symbol is this circle
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
Chapter 2 – Controls & Indicators
Buttons & On-Screen Elements
located at a position on the screen that indicates the
relative bearing and range of the intruder aircraft.
In general, the SKY899 issues a TA when it detects an
intruder aircraft within 30 seconds of a possible collision,
or within a 0.55 nmi horizontal radius and a ±800 ft
relative altitude range of your aircraft. (See chapter 4 for
details.)
Vertical Trend Arrow A vertical trend arrow
indicates that the intruder aircraft is ascending (up
arrow) or descending (down arrow) faster than 500 fpm.
No arrow is shown for intruder aircraft in level flight, or
for those moving vertically slower than 500 fpm, or for
non-altitude-reporting intruder aircraft.
Operating Mode Button Pressing this button
when it’s labeled >STB switches the SKY899 out of
normal operating mode and into standby. Pressing the
button when it’s labeled >OPR switches the SKY899
out of standby and into normal operating mode.
STB
OPR
il
Label for Operating Mode Button This
on-screen label identifies the function of the
adjacent button. The >STB label appears on the
traffic screen and means go to standby. The
>OPR label appears on the standby screen and
means go to normal operating mode. If your
aircraft has a squat switch, the >STB label only
appears when your aircraft is on the ground.
Display Range Button Pressing this button when
the SKY899 is in standby has no effect. Pressing the
button when the SKY899 is in operating mode toggles
the SKY899 display range between 15, 6, and 2 nmi as
reflected in the on-screen display range indicator.
6nm
6nm
Display Range Indicator The unhighlighted
version of the indicator (present only on the Standby
screen) simply reminds you that the adjacent button
can be used to select the display range once you
switch into operating mode. The highlighted version
of the indicator (present only in operating mode)
identifies the currently selected display range (15, 6, or
2 nmi).
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
2-3
Buttons & On-Screen Elements
UNR
Chapter 2 – Controls & Indicators
Vertical Display Mode Indicator This
indicator displays the name of the currently
selected vertical display mode: ABV (above/look
up), BLW (below/look down), NRM (normal), or
UNR (unrestricted). The indicator does not appear
when the SKY899 is in standby.
Vertical Display Mode Button/Test Button
In operating mode, this button changes the SKY899
vertical display mode between above, normal, below,
and unrestricted as reflected in the on-screen vertical
display mode indicator. In standby, this button starts a
self test.
TEST
MSG
MSG
Label for Test Button This on-screen
label only appears when the SKY899 is in
standby or in failed mode. It identifies the
function of the adjacent button which is to start
the operator-initiated self test.
Message Indicator The highlighted version
of this indicator appears when there is a new
message. The indicator switches to the
unhighlighted version when all the messages have
been read. In operating and failed modes, the
unhighlighted version disappears when the
messages disappear, but in standby, the
unhighlighted version remains on the screen even
if there are no messages.
il
Message Button When the message indicator is
present, pressing this button displays the message
screen.
Other Traffic (OT) On the WX-1000/SKY497 display,
this symbol represents an intruder aircraft that has been
detected within the selected display range and vertical
display mode, but which has not generated a TA. On
alternate displays, this symbol represents an intruder
aircraft that has been detected within the selected display
range and vertical display mode, but which does not
generate a TA or a PA.
Proximity Advisory (PA) (not shown) This
symbol only appears on TCAS installations. A PA
2-4
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
for Stormscope
Chapter 2 – Controls & Indicators
represents an intruder aircraft that does not generate a
TA, but which is within a horizontal range of 4 nmi and
a relative altitude of ±1200 ft.
Own Aircraft This symbol represents your aircraft’s
relative position and heading.
Off-Screen Traffic Advisory (TA) This symbol
represents a TA that has been detected beyond the
current display range. The symbol is displayed at a
position along the outer range ring that indicates the
relative bearing of the intruder aircraft.
Range Rings The outer range ring represents
a distance of 15, 6, or 2 nmi from your aircraft
corresponding to the selected display range as
indicated in the display range indicator. The
inner range ring on the 15 nmi range represents
a distance of 6 nmi. The inner range ring on the
6 nmi range represents a distance of 2 nmi.
There is no inner range ring on the 2 nmi range.
SKY899
Standby
il
Standby Indicator This indicator is
displayed as long as the SKY899 is in standby
except when the test screen is displayed during
an operator-initiated self test. In standby, the
SKY899 does not interrogate, process, or display
traffic.
Operate Lamp (optional, not supplied) This
panel-mounted indicator light is lit whenever the SKY899
is sending out interrogations. The light is not lit in
standby or when the unit is in failed mode.
Controls Required for the Stormscope Option
SKYWATCH/Stormscope Mode Switch (not supplied)
This panel-mounted toggle switch determines whether traffic
information or thunderstorm information is displayed.
The SKY899 and the WX-1000 continue tracking even if the
switch is in the other position. If the SKY899 detects a TA or
generates an error message when the switch is in the Stormscope
position, the display switches to the traffic screen to display the
TA or the error message.
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
2-5
Alternate Display & Aural Announcements
Chapter 2 – Controls & Indicators
WX-1000 Maintenance Switch (not supplied) This
remote toggle switch (normally installed in the avionics bay
near the WX-1000 processor) has a Normal position and an
Override (WX-1000 maintenance) position. It should only be
moved to the Override position when the WX-1000 processor is
removed or powered down at the circuit breaker, and you still
want to use the SKY899.
Controls & Indicators for an Alternate Display
Control Panel (not supplied) A discrete control panel provides the functions normally provided by the buttons and knob
on the WX-1000/SKY497 display. These functions include
controlling power to the SKY899, selecting the display range,
selecting the vertical display mode, selecting the operating
mode, and starting the self test.
Vertical Display Mode Indicator Lamps (not supplied)
Some alternate displays do not display a vertical display mode
indicator on-screen. For those displays, two discrete indicator
lamps similar to those shown in figure 2-3 indicate the current
vertical display mode.
il
Figure 2-3. Vertical Display Mode Indicator Lamps
Aural Announcements
“Traffic, Traffic” This aural component of a traffic advisory
is announced once over the cockpit speakers or headset when a
TA is first detected.
“SKYWATCH System Test Passed” This message is
announced once over the cockpit speakers or headset after the
SKY899 has passed an operator-initiated self test.
“SKYWATCH System Test Failed” This message is
announced once over the cockpit speakers or headset after the
SKY899 has failed an operator-initiated self test.
2-6
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
Chapter
Operating
Instructions
Introduction
This chapter lists the SKY899 operating instructions and
describes its fault modes.
Turn On the SKY899
CAUTION
il
To avoid power surges that could damage the SKY899 and the
optional WX-1000, start your engines before turning on the SKY899.
1. Turn the OFF/BRT knob clockwise to the desired display
brightness.
The BFGoodrich screen (figure 3-1) appears and stays on the
display until the power-on self test is complete.
If the SKY899 passes the test, and your aircraft has a squat
switch, and your aircraft is on the ground,
BRT
the standby screen
OFF
appears (figure 3-2).
If the SKY899 passes
the test, and your
aircraft has a squat
switch, and your aircraft is in the air, the
traffic screen appears
set on the 6 nmi
display range and the
normal vertical display
mode (figure 3-3).
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
BFGoodrich Avionics Systems,Inc.
Figure 3-1. BFGoodrich Screen
3-1
Turn on the SKY899
Chapter 3 – Operating Instructions
OFF
BRT
OFF
BRT
+10
SKY899
-02
Standby
-26
MSG
TEST
OPR
6 nm
Figure 3-2. Standby Screen
NRM
6nm
Figure 3-3. In-Flight Traffic Screen
If the SKY899 passes the test and your aircraft does not have a
squat switch, the standby screen (figure 3-2) appears.
In standby, the SKY899 waits 5 minutes for critical sensors such
as the barometric altimeter to warm up and come on line
before it displays a Failed screen or MSG due to the lack of the
sensor input; however, if you switch into operating mode, the
SKY899 only waits 2 seconds for the sensor inputs before it
displays the Failed screen or MSG .
il
If a Failed screen similar
to figure 3-4 appears, or if
you see MSG , refer to the
Message Response section
on page 3-7. For installations with an ARINC 429
barometric altitude input,
turning on the SKY899
during flight causes a
temporary Error 20
message while the system
is syncing up to the 429
data source.
OFF
BRT
SKY899
Failed
E rro r 2 0
Barometric Input Error
MSG
TEST
Figure 3-4. Failed Screen
3-2
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
Run the Self Test
Chapter 3 – Operating Instructions
Run the Operator-Initiated Self Test
It is recommended, but not required that you should run the
operator-initiated self test before the first flight of the day (or as
specified in your Aircraft Flight Manual [AFM]), and whenever
you get a Failed screen.
1. With the SKY899 in standby or failed mode, press the TEST
button.
The SKY899 begins its
self test and the test
screen (figure 3-5)
appears. Upon
successful completion
of the self test, you
will hear “SKYWATCH System Test
Passed” and the
display will revert to
the previous standby
or traffic screen.
li
OFF
+ 10
- 10
-02
BRT
SYSTEM TEST
I N PROGRESS
NRM
6nm
2. If you hear “SKYFigure 3-5. Test Screen
WATCH System Test
Failed” or see a SKY899 Failed screen, push the TEST button
again. If it fails again, refer to the Message Response section
on page 3-7.
3. If you hear “SKYWATCH System Test Passed” without seeing
the test screen, and the OFF/BRT knob is turned to BRT, turn
off the SKY899 and contact your authorized BFGoodrich
Avionics Systems dealer for troubleshooting help.
Switch Between Standby & Normal Operating Mode
When you’re on the ground, you must manually switch out of
standby if you want the SKY899 to display traffic information.
The ability to switch out of standby on the ground in conjunction with the above display mode is especially useful for
scanning the airspace around the airport before takeoff.
1. To manually switch into normal operating mode from the
standby screen (figure 3-2), press the button labeled >OPR.
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide
3-3
Change the Display Range
Chapter 3 – Operating Instructions
The SKY899 switches
out of standby into
the above display
mode and 6 nmi
range (figure 3-6).
If your aircraft has a
squat switch and you
don’t manually switch
out of standby, the
SKY899 automatically
switches out of
standby 8 to 10
seconds after takeoff.
OFF
BRT
+10
+04
+94
6nm
ABV
STB
Figure 3-6. Traffic Screen on the
Ground
2. To manually switch
into standby from the traffic screen, press the button
labeled >STB.
The SKY899 goes into standby and the display switches back
to the standby screen. (If your aircraft has a squat switch, the
>STB button label is not displayed while airborne, and the
SKY899 will not go into standby while airborne.)
il
If your aircraft has a squat switch, the SKY899 also goes into
standby automatically, 24 seconds after landing. This delay
allows the SKY899 to remain out of standby during a touchand-go maneuver.
Change the Display Range
You can change the display range when the SKY899 is in normal
operating mode.
1. Press the display range button to toggle the display range
between 15, 6, and 2 nmi (figure 3-7).
15 nmi
6 nmi
15nm
6 nmi
2 nmi
2 nmi
2 nm
6nm
Figure 3-7. Display Ranges
3-4
SKY899 Pilot’s Guide

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