Laird Connectivity 44249AJ RF Transceiver Module User Manual

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AC4424
2.4 GHz OEM TRANSCEIVERS
Specifications Subject to Change
User’s Manual
Version 2.1
AVENUE
11160 THOMPSON AVENU
LENEXA, KS 66219
492--2320
(800) 492
www.aerocomm.com
wireless@aerocomm.com
wireles
s@aerocomm.com
DOCUMENT INFORMATION
Copyright
Information
Copyright © 2007 AEROCOMM, Inc. All rights reserved.
The information contained in this manual and the accompanying
software programs are copyrighted and all rights are reserved by
AEROCOMM, Inc. AEROCOMM, Inc. reserves the right to make
periodic modifications of this product without obligation to notify
any person or entity of such revision. Copying, duplicating, selling, or
otherwise distributing any part of this product without the prior consent of
an authorized representative of AEROCOMM, Inc. is prohibited.
All brands and product names in this publication are registered
trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.
This material
material is preliminary
Information furnished by AEROCOMM in this specification is believed to be accurate.
Devices sold by AEROCOMM are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification
provisions appearing in its Terms of Sale only. AEROCOMM makes no warranty, express,
statutory, and implied or by description, regarding the information set forth herein.
AEROCOMM reserves the right to change specifications at any time and without notice.
AEROCOMM’s products are intended for use in normal commercial and industrial
applications. Applications requiring unusual environmental requirements such as military,
medical life-support or life-sustaining equipment are specifically not recommended
without additional testing for such application
Limited Warranty, Disclaimer, Limitation of Liability
For a period of one (1) year from the date of purchase by the OEM customer,
AeroComm warrants the OEM transceiver against defects in materials and workmanship.
AeroComm will not honor this warranty (and this warranty will be automatically void) if
there has been any (1) tampering, signs of tampering; 2) repair or attempt to repair by
anyone other than an AeroComm authorized technician.
This warranty does not cover and AeroComm will not be liable for, any damage or failure
caused by misuse, abuse, acts of God, accidents, electrical irregularity, or other causes
beyond AeroComm’s control, or claim by other than the original purchaser.
In no event shall AeroComm be responsible or liable for any damages arising: From the
use of product; From the loss of use, revenue or profit of the product; or As a result of
any event, circumstance, action, or abuse beyond the control of AeroComm, whether
such damages be direct, indirect, consequential, special or otherwise and whether such
damages are incurred by the person to whom this warranty extends or third party.
If, after inspection, AeroComm determines that there is a defect, AeroComm will repair
or replace the OEM transceiver at their discretion. If the product is replaced, it may be a
new or refurbished product.
5/8/2007
DOCUMENT INFORMATION
INFORMATION
Revision
Description
Version 1.0
Version 1.1
Version 1.2
Version 1.3
Version 1.4
Version 1.5
11/7/2001 – Initial Release Version
10/14/2002 – Not Released
10/18/2002 – Full release of AC4424 specification
11/19/2002 – Made Full-Duplex incompatible with Stream Mode
12/09/2002 – Changed Sub Hop Adjust setting recommendations
1/30/2003 – Removed all references to Commercial and Industrial temperature.
All products are now Industrial temperature. Changed Section 4.2.1 EEPROM
Byte Read to allow multiple byte reads.
4/30/2004 – Added warranty information. Updated agency compliancy. Added
new RSSI plot. Updated Channel Number information. Added configuration flow
chart and timing diagrams. Updated approved antenna table. Added AC442410A information.
5/5/2004 – Modified references from Table 9 to Table 11.
5/10/2004 – Changed start-up time to reflect addition of microprocessor
supervisor. Updated Auto Config table.
Version 1.6
Version 1.7
Version 1.8
Version 1.9
Version 2.0
Version 2.1
5/8/2007
5/10/2005 - Added the following CC Commands; Sync Channel, EEPROM Byte
Read/Write and Soft Reset. Added AT Commands. Removed Configuration
command documentation (though the firmware will continue to support their
usage). Added Auto Destination and Random Backoff.
3/23/2006 - Removed Stream mode, FEC and Frequency Offset documentation.
Corrected Random backoff byte.
5/8/2007 – Updated RF channel settings and Table 10. Updated EEPROM
parameters section and added descriptions to all fields. Updated the EEPROM
byte write command description.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................................6
2.
AC4424 SPECIFICATIONS.............................................................................................................8
3.
SPECIFICATIONS .........................................................................................................................10
3.1
INTERFACE SIGNAL DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................................10
3.2
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS.............................................................................................................11
3.3
SYSTEM TIMING .................................................................................................................................11
3.3.1
Serial Interface Data Rate.........................................................................................................12
3.3.2
Timing Diagrams.......................................................................................................................13
3.3.3
Maximum Overall System Throughput ......................................................................................15
4.
CONFIGURING THE AC4424......................................................................................................15
4.1
EEPROM PARAMETERS ....................................................................................................................15
4.2
CONFIGURING THE AC4424 ..............................................................................................................19
4.3
COMMAND REFERENCE ......................................................................................................................20
4.4
AC4424 AT COMMANDS ...................................................................................................................21
4.4.1
Enter AT Command Mode .........................................................................................................21
4.4.2
Exit AT Command Mode............................................................................................................21
4.5
ON-THE-FLY CONTROL COMMANDS (CC COMMAND MODE) ............................................................22
4.5.1
Status Request............................................................................................................................22
4.5.2
Change Channel with Forced Acquisition Sync ........................................................................23
4.5.3
Server/Client..............................................................................................................................23
4.5.4
Sync Channel .............................................................................................................................24
4.5.5
Power-Down..............................................................................................................................25
4.5.6
Power-Down Wake-Up..............................................................................................................25
4.5.7
Broadcast Mode.........................................................................................................................25
4.5.8
Write Destination Address.........................................................................................................26
4.5.9
Read Destination Address..........................................................................................................26
4.5.10
EEPROM Byte Read..................................................................................................................26
4.5.11
EEPROM Byte Write .................................................................................................................27
4.5.12
Reset ..........................................................................................................................................27
5.
THEORY OF OPERATION ..........................................................................................................28
5.1
HARDWARE INTERFACE ......................................................................................................................28
5.1.1
TXD (Transmit Data) and RXD (Receive Data) (pins 2 and 3 respectively) .............................28
5.1.2
Hop Frame (pin 6).....................................................................................................................28
5.1.3
CTS Handshaking (pin 7) ..........................................................................................................28
5.1.4
RTS Handshaking (pin 8) ..........................................................................................................28
5.1.5
9600 Baud/Packet Frame (pin 12).............................................................................................29
5.1.6
RSSI (pin 13)..............................................................................................................................29
5.1.7
Wr_ENA(EEPROM Write Enable) (pin 14) ..............................................................................30
5.1.8
UP_RESET (pin 15)...................................................................................................................31
5.1.9
Command/Data (pin 17)............................................................................................................31
5.1.10
In Range (pin 20).......................................................................................................................31
5.2
SOFTWARE PARAMETERS ...................................................................................................................32
5.2.1
RF Architecture (Server-Client/Peer-to-Peer) ..........................................................................32
5.2.2
RF Mode ....................................................................................................................................32
5.2.3
Random Back Off.......................................................................................................................33
5.2.4
Duplex Mode .............................................................................................................................33
5.2.5
Interface Timeout/RF Packet Size..............................................................................................34
5/8/2007
5.2.6
5.2.7
5.2.8
Serial Interface Baud Rate.........................................................................................................34
Network Topology......................................................................................................................35
Auto Config................................................................................................................................36
6.
DIMENSIONS .................................................................................................................................37
7.
ORDERING INFORMATION.......................................................................................................39
7.1
7.2
PRODUCT PART NUMBERS..................................................................................................................39
DEVELOPER KIT PART NUMBERS .......................................................................................................39
8.
REGULATORY INFORMATION ................................................................................................40
8.1
8.2
8.3
FCC ...................................................................................................................................................40
CE......................................................................................................................................................42
APPROVED ANTENNA LIST .................................................................................................................43
Figures
Figure 1 - RSSI Voltage vs. Received Signal Strength ................................................................................ 30
Figure 2 – AC4424 with MMCX ................................................................................................................. 37
Figure 3 – AC4424 with Integral Antenna ................................................................................................... 38
Tables
Table 1 – Pin Definitions.............................................................................................................................. 10
Table 2 – DC Input Voltage Characteristics................................................................................................. 11
Table 3 – DC Output Voltage Characteristics .............................................................................................. 11
Table 4 – Timing Parameters........................................................................................................................ 15
Table 5 – Maximum Overall System Throughputs ...................................................................................... 15
Table 6 – EEPROM Parameters ................................................................................................................... 16
Table 7 – RSSI Board Rev History .............................................................................................................. 30
Table 9 – Baud Rate ..................................................................................................................................... 34
Table 10 – US and International RF Channel Number Settings ................................................................... 35
Table 11 – Auto Config Parameters ............................................................................................................. 36
5/8/2007
AC4424 Features
Simple 5V TTL level serial interface for fast integration
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum for security and interference rejection
Cost Efficient for high volume applications
Low power consumption for battery powered implementations
Small size for portable and enclosed applications
Very Low latency and high throughput
Industrial temperature (-40°C to 80°C)
1. Overview
The AC4424 is a member of AeroComm’s ConnexRF OEM transceiver family. It is designed
for integration into OEM systems operating under FCC part 15.247 regulations for the 2.4
GHz ISM band.
The AC4424 is a cost-effective, high performance, 2.4 GHz frequency hopping spread
spectrum transceiver. It provides an asynchronous TTL level serial interface for OEM Host
communications. Communications include both system and configuration data. The Host
supplies system data for transmission to other Host(s). Configuration data is stored in an onboard EEPROM. All frequency hopping, synchronization, and RF system data
transmission/reception is performed by the transceiver.
The AC4424 transceivers can be used as a direct serial cable replacement – requiring no
special Host software for operation. They also feature a number of On-the-Fly Control
Commands providing the OEM Host with a very versatile interface for any situation.
AC4424 transceivers operate in a Point-to-Point or Point-to-Multipoint, Client-Server or Peerto-Peer architecture. One transceiver is configured as a Server and there can be one or many
Clients. To establish synchronization between transceivers, the Server emits a beacon. Upon
detecting a beacon, a Client transceiver informs its Host and a RF link is established.
There are two data rates the OEM should be aware of:
•
Serial Interface Data Rate – All transceivers can be configured to common PC
serial port baud rates from 110 bps to 288,000 bps.
•
Effective Data Transmission Rate – The AC4424 is a highly efficient, low-latency
transceiver. The RF baud rate of the AC4424 is fixed at 576kbps and is
independent of the serial interface data rate.
This document contains information about the hardware and software interface between an
AeroComm AC4424 transceiver and an OEM Host. Information includes the theory of
operation, specifications, interface definition, configuration information and mechanical
drawing.
5/8/2007
The OEM is responsible for ensuring the final product meets all FCC and/or appropriate
regulatory agency requirements listed herein before selling any product.
5/8/2007
2. AC4424 Specifications
GENERAL
Interface
Serial Interface Data Rate
Power Consumption (typical)
Channels (used to create independent
networks)
Security
Interface Buffer Size
20 pin mini-connector
PC baud rates from 110 bps to 288,000 bps
Duty Cycle (TX=Transmit; RX=Receive)
10%TX 50%TX 100%TX 100%RX Pwr
Pwr-Down
AC4424-9AJ:
100mA 160mA 235mA 85mA
15mA AC4424-10: 90mA
115mA 140mA
85mA
15mA
AC4424-100:
100mA 160mA 235mA 85mA
15mA
AC4424-200:
115mA 235mA 385mA 85mA
15mA
US/Canada (10mW, 100mW, 200mW):
16
Europe & Japan Low Band(100mW, 9AJ): 20
Europe & Japan High Band(100mW, 9AJ): 20
One byte System ID
Input/Output:
256 bytes each
RADIO
Frequency Band
Radio Type
Output Power (conducted, no antenna)
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP with
3dBi gain antenna)
Voltage
Sensitivity
Range (based on 3dBi gain antenna)
US/Canada (10mW, 100mW, 200mW):
2.402 – 2.478
GHz
Europe & Japan Low Band(100mW, 9AJ): 2.406 – 2.435
GHz
Europe & Japan High Band(100mW, 9AJ): 2.444 – 2.472
GHz
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
AC4424-9AJ:
9mW typical
AC4424-10:
10mW typical
AC4424-100:
50mW typical
AC4424-200:
200mW typical
AC4424-9AJ:
9mW typical (integral antenna)
AC4424-10:
20mW typical
AC4424-100:
100mW typical
AC4424-200:
400mW typical
5V nominal ±2%, ±50mV ripple
-90dBm typical @ 576kbps
AC4424-9AJ:
Indoors to 150 ft., Outdoors to 1000 ft.
AC4424-10:
Indoors to 300 ft., Outdoors to 3000 ft.
AC4424-100:
Indoors to 400 ft., Outdoors to 6000 ft.
AC4424-200:
Indoors to 500 ft., Outdoors to 10000 ft.
ENVIRONMENTAL
Temperature (Operating) Industrial:
Temperature (Storage)
Humidity (non-condensing)
-40°C to 80°C
-50°C to +85°C
10% to 90%
Dimensions
Antenna
1.65” x 2.65” x 0.20”
AC4424-9AJ:
Integra Antenna
AC4424-10:
MMCX Jack or Integral Antenna
PHYSICAL
5/8/2007
Weight
5/8/2007
AC4424-100:
MMCX Jack
AC4424-200:
MMCX Jack
Less than 0.7 ounce
3. Specifications
3.1 INTERFACE SIGNAL DEFINITIONS
The AC4424 has a simple interface that allows OEM Host communications with the
transceiver. Table 1 – Pin Definitions
Definitions, shows the connector pin numbers and associated
functions. The I/O direction is with regard to the transceiver. All I/O is 5VDC TTL level signals
except for RSSI. All inputs are weakly pulled High and may be left floating during normal
operation.
Table 1 – Pin Definitions
Pin
Type
Signal Name
NC
No Connect
TXD
Transmitted data out of the transceiver
RXD
Data input to the transceiver
NC
No Connect
GND
GND
Hop Frame
CTS
RTS
Function
Signal Ground
HOP FRAME – Active Low when the transceiver is hopping.
Clear to Send – Active Low when the transceiver is ready to accept data for
transmission.
Request to Send – When enabled in EEPROM, active Low when the OEM Host is ready
to accept data from the transceiver. NOTE: Keeping RTS High for too long can cause
data loss.
NC
10
PWR
11
12
No Connect
VCC
5V ± 2%, ± 50mV ripple
PWR
VCC
5V ± 2%, ±50 mV ripple
I/O
9600_BAUD/
9600_BAUD – When pulled logic Low before applying power or resetting the
Packet Frame
transceiver’s serial interface is forced to a 9600, 8, N, 1 rate. To exit, transceiver
must be reset or power-cycled with 9600_Baud logic High.
*Note: 9600_BAUD should only be used to recover the radio from an unknown baud
rate and should not be used during normal operation.
Packet Frame – When programmed in EEPROM, Packet Frame will transition logic Low
at the start of a received RF packet and transition logic High at the completion of the
packet.
13
RSSI
Received Signal Strength Indicator - An analog output giving a relative indication of
received signal strength while in Receive Mode.
14
WR_ENA
EEPROM Write Enable – When pulled logic Low, it allows the Host to write the on-board
EEPROM. Resetting the transceiver with this pin pulled Low may corrupt EEPROM
data.
15
UP_RESET
RESET – Controlled by the AC4424 for power-on reset if left unconnected. After a
Stable power-on (250ms) a 50us logic High pulse will reset the AC4424. Do not
power up the transceiver with this pin tied Low.
16
GND
GND
17
Command/Dat
18
5/8/2007
NC
Signal Ground
When logic Low, transceiver interprets Host data as command data. When logic High,
transceiver interprets Host data as transmit data.
No Connect
10
19
20
NC
No Connect
IN_RANGE
In Range – Active Low when a Client radio is in range of a Server on same Channel with the
same System ID.
I = Input to the transceiver
O = Output from the transceiver
3.2 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Table 2 – DC Input Voltage Characteristics
Pin
Type
Name
RXD
High Min.
0.2Vcc+0.9
High Max.
Vcc+0.5
Low Min.
-0.5
RTS
0.2Vcc+0.9
Vcc+0.5
-0.5
12
9600_Baud
0.2Vcc+0.9
Vcc+0.5
-0.5
14
15
WR_ENA
UP_RESET
0.7Vcc
0.7Vcc
Vcc+1
Vcc+0.5
-0.3
-0.5
17
Command/Data
0.2Vcc+0.9
Vcc+0.5
-0.5
Low Max.
0.2Vcc0.1
0.2Vcc0.1
0.2Vcc0.1
0.5
0.2Vcc0.1
0.2Vcc0.1
Unit
Table 3 – DC Output Voltage Characteristics
Pin
Type
Name
TXD
Hop Frame
CTS
12
Packet Frame
13
20
RSSI
IN_RANGE
High Min.
Vcc-0.7 @ 30µA
Vcc-0.7 @ 30µA
Vcc-0.7 @ 30µA
Vcc-0.7 @ 30µA
See Figure 1
Vcc-0.7 @ 30µA
Low Max.
0.4 @
1.6mA
0.4 @
1.6mA
0.4 @
1.6mA
0.4 @
1.6mA
See Figure 1
0.4 @
1.6mA
Unit
3.3 SYSTEM TIMING
Care should be taken when selecting transceiver architecture as it can have serious effects
on data rates, latency timings, and Overall System Throughput. The importance of these
three characteristics will vary from system to system and should be a strong consideration
when designing the system.
5/8/2007
11
Serial
3.3.1 Seri
al Interface Data Rate
The Serial Interface Data Rate is programmable by the Host. This is the rate the Host and
transceiver communicate over the serial bus. Possible values range from 110 bps to 288,000
bps. The only supported mode is asynchronous – 88-bit, No Parity, 1 Start Bit, and 1 Stop Bit.
5/8/2007
12
3.3.2 Timing Diagrams
Addressed Acknowledge Mode with Interface Timeout:
Local_RXD
Packet Data
Wait for Hop
Local_RF_TXD
RF Packet
Remote_RF_TXD
RF Acknow ledge
Remote_TXD
Received Data
Interface Timeout
Hop Period
Hop Time
Hop_Frame
Addressed Acknowledge Mode with No Interface Timeout:
Local_RXD
Packet Data
Wait for Hop
Local_RF_TXD
RF Packet
Remote_RF_TXD
RF Acknow ledge
Remote_TXD
Received Data
Hop Period
Hop Time
Hop_Frame
Broadcast Acknowledge Mode with No Interface Timeout:
Local_RXD
Packet Data
Wait for Hop
Local_RF_TXD
RF Packet
Remote_RF_TXD
Remote_TXD
Received Data
Hop Period
Hop Time
Hop_Frame
5/8/2007
13
Broadcast Acknowledge M
Mode
ode with Interface Timeout:
Local_RXD
Packet Data
Wait for Hop
Local_RF_TXD
RF Packet
Remote_RF_TXD
Remote_TXD
Received Data
Interface Timeout
Hop Period
Hop Time
Hop_Frame
5/8/2007
14
Table 4 – Timing Parameters
Parameter
Typical Time (ms)
Hop Time
Hop Period
3.3.3 Maximum Overall System Throughput
When configured as shown in the table below, an AC4424 transceiver is capable of achieving
the listed throughput. However, in the presence of interference or at longer ranges, the
transceiver may not be able to meet these specified throughputs.
Table 5 – Maximum Overall System Throughputs
RF Mode
Interface Baud
Baud
Rate
Duplex
Direction
Throughput
(bps)
Acknowledge
115,200
Half
One way
80k
Acknowledge
115,200
Full
Both ways
40k
4. Configuring the AC4424
4.1 EEPROM PARAMETERS
A Host can program various parameters that are stored in EEPROM and become active after a
power-on reset. Table 6 - EEPROM Parameters,
Parameters gives the locations and descriptions of the
parameters that can be read or written by a Host. Factory default values are also shown. Do
not write to any EEPROM addresses other than those listed below. Do not co
copy
py a
transceiver’s EEPROM data to another transceiver. Doing so may cause the transceiver to
malfunction.
5/8/2007
15
Table 6 – EEPROM Parameters
Parameter
Product ID
Channel
Number
Server/Client
Mode
Baud Rate
Low
Baud Rate
High
Control 0
Length
EEPROM (Bytes
Address
00H
40
Default
40H
00 – 27h
00h
41H
01 – 02h
02h
42H
00 – FFh
05h
Description
40 bytes - Product identifier string.
Includes revision information for
software and hardware.
Refer to Table 10
01h = Server
02h = Client
Low Byte of the interface baud rate.
43H
45H
Transmit
Retries
4CH
Broadcast
Attempts
4DH
API Control
56H
5/8/2007
Range
00 – FFh
00h
High Byte of the interface baud rate.
00010100 Settings are:
b (14h) Bit 7 – AeroComm Use Only
Bit 6 – AeroComm Use Only
Bit 5 – Sync to Channel
0 = Don't Sync to Channel
1 = Sync to Channel
Bit 4 – AeroComm Use Only
Bit 3 – Packet Frame
0 = Disable Packet Frame
1 = Use pin 12 as Packet Frame
Bit 2 – AeroComm Use Only
Bit 1 – RF Delivery
0 = Addressed
1 = Broadcast
Bit 0 – AeroComm Use Only
01 - FFh
10h
Maximum number of times a packet is
sent out when using Addressed
packets.
01 – FFh
04h
Maximum number of times a packet is
sent out when using Broadcast
packets.
01000011 Settings are:
b = 43h Bit 7 – AeroComm Use Only
Bit 6 – RF Architecture
0 = Server-Client
1 = Peer-to-Peer
Bit 5 – AeroComm Use Only
Bit 4 – Auto Destination
16
0 = Use Destination Address
1 = Automatically set Destination
to Server
Bit 3 – AeroComm Use Only
Bit 2 – RTS Enable
0 = RTS Ignored
1 = Transceiver obeys RTS
Bit 1 – Duplex Mode
0 = Half Duplex
1 = Full Duplex
Bit 0 – Auto Config
0 = Use EEPROM values
1 = Auto Configure Values
Parameter
Transmit
Retries
Length
EEPROM (Bytes
Address
Range
4CH
01 - FFh
Broadcast
Attempts
4DH
API Control
56H
Interface
Timeout
58H
5/8/2007
Default
10h
Description
Maximum number of times a packet is
sent out when Addressed packets are
selected.
01 – FFh
04h
Maximum number of times a packet is
sent out when Broadcast packets are
selected.
01000011 Settings are:
b = 43h Bit 7 – AeroComm
AeroComm Use Only
Bit 6 – RF Architecture
0 = Server-Client
1 = Peer-to-Peer
Bit 5 – AeroComm Use Only
Bit 4 – Auto Destination
0 = Use Destination Address
1 = Automatically set Destination
to Server
Bit 3 – AeroComm Use Only
Bit 2 – RTS Enable
0 = RTS Ignored
1 = Transceiver obeys RTS
Bit 1 – Duplex Mode
0 = Half Duplex
1 = Full Duplex
Bit 0 – Auto Config
0 = Use EEPROM values
1 = Auto Configure Values
01 – FFh
F0h
Specifies a byte gap timeout, used in
conjunction with RF Packet Size to
determine when a packet coming over
the interface is complete (160 us per
17
Sync Channel
5AH
00 – 3Fh
01h
RF Packet Size
5BH
01 – 40h
40h
CTS On
5CH
01 – FFh
C0h
CTS On
Hysteresis
5DH
01 – FFh
80h
Destination ID
System ID
70H
76H
00 – FFh
6 Bytes
01h
MAC ID
80H
Parameter
Random
Backoff
5/8/2007
Length
EEPROM (Bytes
Address
Range
C3h
00 - FFh
6 Bytes
Default
00h
increment).
Used to synchronize the hopping of
collocated systems to minimize
interference.
Used in conjunction with Interface
Timeout; specifies the maximum size
of an RF packet.
CTS will be deasserted (High) when
the transmit buffer contains at least
this many characters.
Once CTS has been deasserted, CTS
will be reasserted (Low) when the
transmit buffer is contains this many
or less characters.
Specifies destination for RF packets
Similar to network password. Radios
must have the same system ID to
communicate with each other.
Unique IEEE MAC Address
Description
00h = Disable Random Backoff
01h = Wait 1-2 packet times, then
retry
03h = Wait 1-4 packet times, then
retry
07h = Wait 1-8 packet times, then
retry
0Fh = Wait 1-16 packet times, then
retry
1Fh = Wait 1-32 packet times, then
retry
3Fh = Wait 1-64 packet times, then
retry
7Fh = Wait 1-128 packet times, then
retry
FFh = Wait 1-256 packet times, then
retry
18
4.2 CONFIGURING THE AC4424
Receive
Mode
Use AT
Commands?
No
Send “Enter AT” Command
(Software Configuration)
Send CC
Commands?
No
Take Pin 17 Low
(Hardware Configuration)
No
Exit
Command
Mode?
Send CC
Command
In AT
Command
Mode?
Send another
CC
Command?
Send
“Exit AT”
Command
No
No
Take Pin
17 High
Receive
Mode
Resetting the AC4424 at any time will exit Configuration or CC Command mode.
5/8/2007
19
4.3 COMMAND REFERENCE
Command
Command (All Bytes in Hex)
AT Enter
Command
Mode
41h
54h
Exit AT
Command
Mode
CCh
41h
2Bh
2Bh
54h
Return (All Bytes in Hex)
2Bh
0Dh
CCh
43h
4Fh
4Dh
4Fh
0Dh
CCh
44h
41h
54h
Status
Request
CCh
00h
00h
CCh
Firmware
Version
Change
Channel with
Forced
Acquisition
CCh
02h
New
Channel
CCh
New
Channel
Server/Client
CCh
03h
00h – Server in Normal Operation
01h – Client in Normal Operation
02h – Server in Acquisition Sync
03h – Client in Acquisition Sync
CCh
Firmware
Version
00h: Server In Range
01h: Client In Range
02h: Server Out of Range
03h: Client Out of Range
00h – Server in Normal
Operation
01h – Client in Normal
Operation
02h – Server in
Acquisition Sync
03h – Client in Acquisition
Sync
Sync
Channel
CCh
05h
New Sync
Channel
CCh
New Sync
Channel
Power-Down
CCh
06h
CCh
Channel
Power-Down
Wake-Up
CCh
07h
CCh
Channel
Broadcast
Mode
CCh
08h
00h: Addressed
01h: Broadcast
CCh
00h or 01h
Write
Destination
Address
CCh
10h
Byte 4 of
destination’s
MAC
CCh
Byte 4 of
destination’s
MAC
Byte 5 of
destination’s
MAC
Byte 6 of
destination’s
MAC
Read
Destination
Address
CCh
11h
CCh
Byte 4 of
destination’s
MAC
Byte 5 of
destination’s
MAC
Byte 6 of
destination’s
MAC
EEPROM
Byte Read
CCh
C0h
Start
Address
Length
(01h – 80h)
CCh
Start
Address
Length
Data at
Addresses
EEPROM
Byte Write
CCh
C1h
Address
Address
Length
(01h)
Soft Reset
CCh
FFh
5/8/2007
Byte 6 of
destination’s
MAC
Byte 5 of
destination’s
MAC
Length
(01h)
Data to be
Written
Last byte of Data Written
20
4.4 AC4424 AT COMMANDS
The AT Command mode implemented in the AC4424 creates a virtual version of the
Command/Data pin. The “Enter AT Command Mode” Command asserts this virtual pin Low
(to signify Command Mode) and the “Exit AT Command Mode” Command asserts this virtual
pin High (to signify Data). Once this pin has been asserted Low, all On-the-Fly CC Commands
documented in the manual are supported.
When in AT Command Mode, the user cannot send or receive RF packets. However, an
ambiguity of approximately 10ms exists where, if the “Enter AT Command Mode” command
has been sent to the transceiver at the same time an RF packet is being received, the RF
packet could be sent to the OEM Host before the “Enter AT Command Mode” command
response is sent to the OEM Host.
NOTE: The RF packet size must be set to a minimum of 6 bytes in order to enter Command
mode us
using
ing the Enter AT Command mode command.
4.4.1 Enter AT Command Mode
Prior to sending the “Enter AT Command Mode” command to the transceiver, the OEM Host
must ensure that the RF transmit buffer of the transceiver is empty (if the buffer is not
empty, the ”Enter AT Command Mode” command will be interpreted as packet data and will
be transmitted out over the RF). This can be accomplished by waiting up to one second
between the last transmit packet and the AT Command. The OEM Host must also ensure
that the RF Packet
Packet Size for the transceiver is set to a minimum of six. The Enter AT
Command mode command is as follows:
OEM Host Command:
41h
54h
2Bh
2Bh
2Bh
0Dh
Transceiver Response:
CCh
43h
4Fh
4Dh
4.4.2 Exit AT Command Mode
To exit AT Command Mode, the OEM Host should send the following command to the
transceiver:
OEM Host Command:
CCh
5/8/2007
41h
54h
4Fh
0Dh
21
Transceiver Response:
CCh
44h
41h
54h
4.5 ON-THE-FLY CONTROL COMMANDS (CC COMMAND MODE)
The AC4424 transceiver contains static memory that holds many of the parameters that
control the transceiver operation. Using the “CC” command set allows many of these
parameters to be changed during system operation. Because the memory these commands
affect is static, when the transceiver is reset, these parameters will revert back to the
settings stored in the EEPROM.
While in CC Command mode using pin 17 (Command/Data), the RF interface of the
transceiver is still active. Therefore, it can receive packets from remote transceivers while in
CC Command mode and forward these to the OEM Host. While in CC Command mode using
AT Commands, the RF interface of the transceiver is active, but packets sent from other
transceivers will not be received. The transceiver uses Interface Timeout/RF Packet Size to
determine when a CC Command is complete. Therefore, there should be no delay between
each character as it is sent from the OEM Host to the transceiver or the transceiver will not
recognize the command. If the OEM Host has sent a CC Command to the transceiver and an
RF packet is received by the transceiver, the transceiver will send the CC Command response
to the OEM Host before sending the packet. However, if an RF packet is received before the
Interface Timeout expires on a CC Command, the transceiver will send the packet to the OEM
Host before sending the CC Command response.
When an invalid command is sent, the radio scans the command to see if it has a valid
command followed by bytes not associated with the command, in which case the radio
discards the invalid bytes and accepts the command. In all other cases, the radio returns the
first byte of the invalid command back to the user and discards the rest.
The EEPROM parameters and a Command Reference are available in Section 4, Configuring
the AC4424,
AC4424 of this manual.
4.5.1 Status Request
The Host issues this command to request the status of the transceiver.
Host Command:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = 00h
Byte 3 = 00h
Transceiver Response:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = Firmware version number
Byte 3 = Data1
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22
Where:
Data1 =
00 for
01 for
02 for
03 for
Server in Normal Operation
Client in Normal Operation
Server in Acquisition Sync
Client in Acquisition Sync
4.5.2 Change Channel with Forced Acquisition Sync
The Host issues this command to change the channel of the transceiver and force the
transceiver to actively begin synchronization.
Host Command:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = 02h
Byte 3 = RF Channel Number (Hexadecimal)
Transceiver Response:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = RF Channel Number (Hexadecimal)
4.5.3 Server/Client
The Host issues this command to change the mode (Server or Client) of the transceiver and
can force the transceiver to actively begin synchronization.
Host Command:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = 03h
Byte 3 = Data1
Where:
Data1 =
00 for
01 for
02 for
03 for
Server in Normal Operation
Client in Normal Operation
Server in Acquisition Sync
Client in Acquisition Sync
Transceiver Response:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = Firmware Version Number
Byte 3 = Data1
Where:
Data1 = Data1 from Host Command
5/8/2007
23
4.5.4 Sync Channel
The Sync Channel command can be sent to a Server that already has Sync-to-Channel
enabled. This will change the Server’s Sync Channel setting.
Host Command:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = 05h
Byte 3 = New Channel to Synchronize to
Transceiver Response:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = New Channel to Synchronize to
5/8/2007
24
Power--Down
4.5.5 Power
After the Host issues the power-down command to the transceiver, the transceiver will deassert the In_Range line after entering power-down. A Client transceiver in power-down will
remain in sync with a Server for a minimum of 2 minutes. To maintain synchronization with
the Server, this Client transceiver should re-sync to the Server at least once every 2 minutes.
This re-sync is accomplished by issuing the PowerPower-Down WakeWake-Up Command and waiting for
the In Range line to go active. Once this occurs, the Client transceiver is in sync with the
Server and can be put back into power-down.
Host Command:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = 06h
Transceiver Response:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = RF Channel Number (Hexadecimal)
4.5.6 PowerPower-Down WakeWake-Up
The Power-Down Wake-Up Command is issued by the Host to bring the transceiver out of
power-down mode.
Host Command:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = 07h
Transceiver Response:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = RF Channel Number (Hexadecimal)
4.5.7 Broadcast Mode
The Host issues this command to change the transceiver operation between Addressed Mode
Mode
and Broadcast Mode.
Mode If addressed mode is selected the transceiver will send all packets to
the radio designated by the Destination Address programmed in the transceiver.
Host Command:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = 08h
Byte 3 = 00 for addressed mode, 01 for broadcast mode
Transceiver Response:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = 00 for addressed mode, 01 for broadcast mode
5/8/2007
25
4.5.8 Write Destination Address
The Host issues this command to the transceiver to change the Destination Address. This is
a very powerful command that provides the OEM Host with a means for ad-hoc networking.
Only the three Least Significant Bytes of the MAC Address are used for packet delivery.
Host Command:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = 10h
Bytes 3 – 5 = 00 – FFh corresponding to the three LSB’s of the destination MAC
Address
Transceiver Response:
Byte 1 = CCh
Bytes 2 – 4= 00 – FFh corresponding to the three LSB’s of the destination MAC
Address
4.5.9 Read Destination Address
The Host issues this command to the transceiver to read the Destination Address. This is a
very
very powerful command that provides the OEM Host with a means for ad-hoc networking.
Only the three Least Significant Bytes of the MAC Address are used for packet delivery.
Host Command:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = 11h
Transceiver Response:
Byte 1 = CCh
Bytes 2 – 4= 00 – FFh corresponding to the three LSB’s of the destination MAC
Address
4.5.10 EEPROM Byte Read
Upon receiving this command, a transceiver will respond with the desired data from the
address requested by the OEM Host.
OEM Host Command:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = C0h
Byte 3 = Start Address
Byte 4 = Length (01 - 80h)
Transceiver Response:
5/8/2007
26
Byte
Byte
Byte
Byte
1 = CCh
2 = Start Address
3 = Length
4…n = Data at requested addresses
4.5.11 EEPROM Byte Write
Upon receiving this command, a transceiver will write the data byte to the address
specified but will not echo it back to the OEM Host until the EEPROM write cycle is
complete. The write can take as long as 10ms to complete. Following the write
cycle, a transceiver will transmit the data byte to the OEM Host. Multiple byte
EEPROM writes are not allowed. Caution: The maximum number of write cycles that
can be performed is 100,000.
OEM Host Command:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = C1h
Byte 3 = Address
Byte 4 = Length (01h)
Byte 5…n = Data to store at Address
Transceiver Respo
Response:
nse:
Byte 1 = Address
Byte 2 = Length (01h)
Byte 3 = Last byte of data byte written by this command
4.5.12 Reset
The OEM Host issues this command to perform a soft reset of the transceiver (same effect
as using the Reset pin). Any transceiver settings modified by CC Commands (excluding
EEPROM writes) will be overwritten by values stored in the EEPROM.
OEM Host Command:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = FFh
Transceiver Response:
Byte 1 = CCh
Byte 2 = FFh
5/8/2007
27
5. Theory of Operation
5.1 HARDWARE INTERFACE
Below is a description of all hardware pins used to control the AC4424.
5.1.1 TXD (Transmit Data) and RXD (Receive Data) (pins 2 and 3
respectively)
The AC4424 accepts 5V TTL level asynchronous serial data in the RXD pin and interprets
that data as either Command Data or Transmit Data. Data is sent from the transceiver to
the OEM Host via the TXD pin. The data must be of the format 8-N-1 (8 data bits, No Parity
bits, One stop bit).
5.1.2 Hop Frame (pin 6)
The AC4424 is a frequency hopping spread spectrum radio. Frequency hopping allows the
system to hop around interference in order to provide a better wireless link. Hop Frame
transitions logic Low at the start of a hop and transitions logic High at the completion of a
hop. The OEM Host is not required to monitor Hop Frame.
5.1.3 CTS Handshaking (pin
(pin 7)
The AC4424 has an interface buffer size of 256 bytes. If the buffer fills up and more bytes
are sent to the transceiver before the buffer can be emptied, data corruption will occur. The
transceiver prevents this corruption by asserting CTS High as the buffer fills up and taking
CTS Low as the buffer is emptied. CTS On in conjunction with CTS On Hysteresis control the
operation of CTS. CTS On specifies the amount of bytes that must be in the buffer for CTS
to be disabled (High). Even while CTS is disabled, the OEM Host can still send data to the
transceiver, but it should do so carefully. Once CTS is disabled, it will remain disabled until
the buffer is reduced to the size specified by CTS On Hysteresis. The following equation
should always be used for setting CTS On, CTS On Hysteresis and RF Packet Size:
Size
CTS On – CTS On Hysteresis = RF Packet Size
5.1.4 RTS Handshaking (pin 8)
With RTS Mode disabled, the transceiver will send any received packet to the OEM Host as
soon as the packet is received. However, some OEM Hosts are not able to accept data from
the transceiver all of the time. With RTS Mode Enabled, the OEM Host can keep the
transceiver from sending it a packet by disabling RTS (logic High). Once RTS is enabled (logic
Low), the transceiver can send packets to the OEM Host as they are received. Note:
5/8/2007
28
Leaving RTS disabled for too long can cause data loss once the transceiver’s receive buffer
fills up.
5.1.5 9600 Baud/Packet Frame (pin 12)
9600_BAUD – When pulled logic Low before applying power or resetting, the transceiver’s
serial interface is forced to a 9600, 8-N-1 (8 data bits, No parity, 1 stop bit) rate. To exit,
transceiver must be reset or power-cycled with 9600_Baud logic High.
9600_BAUD should only be used to recover the radio from an unknown baud rate and
should not be used during normal operation. When 9600_BAUD is pulled logic Low,
Broadcast Mode is disabled.
Packet Frame – When enabled in EEPROM, Packet Frame will transition logic Low at the start
of a received RF packet and transition logic High at the completion of the packet.
5.1.6 RSSI (pin 13)
Received Signal Strength Indicator is used by the Host as an indication of instantaneous signal
strength at the receiver. The Host must calibrate RSSI without a RF signal being presented to
the receiver. Calibration is accomplished by following the steps listed below to find a
minimum and maximum voltage value.
1) Power up only one Client (no Server) transceiver in the coverage area.
2) Measure the RSSI signal to obtain the minimum value with no other signal
present.
3) Power up a Server. Make sure the two transceivers are in close proximity and
measure the Client’s peak RSSI once the Client reports In Range to obtain a
maximum value at full signal strength.
Figure 1 shows approximate RSSI performance. There are two versions of receivers used by
the AC4424. As of January of 2003 forward, only the new revision receiver will be shipped.
The RSSI pin of the former revision requires the Host to provide a 27k pull-down to ground.
A table of board revision history is provided below. No R
RSSI
SSI pullpull-down should be used with
the new revision.
5/8/2007
29
Figure 1 - RSSI Voltage vs. Received Signal Strength
Voltage (V)
-95
-90
-85
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
Input Pow er (dBm )
New Revision
Old Revision
Table 7 – RSSI Board Rev History
Radio Type
Old RSSI Board
Number
New RSSI Board
Number
AC4424-10
0050-00025
0050-00036
AC4424-10A
N/A
0050-00029
AC4424-100
N/A
0050-00037 or
0050-00075
AC4424-200
0050-00030
0050-00045
5.1.7 Wr_ENA(EEPROM Write Enable) (pin 14)
Wr_ENA is a direct connection to the Write Enable line on the EEPROM. When logic Low, the
EEPROM’s contents may be changed. When logic High, the EEPROM is protected from
accidental and intentional modification. It is recommended that this line only be Low when an
EEPROM write is desired to prevent unintentional corruption of the EEPROM.
5/8/2007
30
UP_RESET
5.1.8 UP_RESE
T (pin 15)
UP_RESET provides a direct connection to the reset pin on the AC4424 microprocessor. To
guarantee a valid power-up reset, this pin should never be tied Low on power-up. For a valid
power-on reset, reset must be High for a minimum of 50us.
Command/Data
5.1.9 Comm
and/Data (pin 17)
When logic High, transceiver interprets Host data as transmit data to be sent to other
transceivers and their Hosts. When logic Low, transceiver interprets Host data as command
data (see Section 4, Configuring the AC4424).
AC4424)
20)
5.1.10 In Range (pin 2
0)
The IN_RANGE pin at the connector will be driven logic Low when a Client is in range of a
Server on the same RF Channel and System ID.
ID If a Client cannot hear a Server for 5s, it will
drive the IN_RANGE pin logic High and enter a search mode looking for a Server. As soon as
it detects a Server, the IN_RANGE pin will be driven logic Low. A Server Host can determine
which Clients are in range by the Server’s Host software polling a Client’s Host.
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31
5.2 SOFTWARE PARAMETERS
Below is a description of all software parameters used to control the AC4424.
(Server--Client/Peer
Client/Peer--to
to--Peer)
5.2.1 RF Architecture (Server
The Server controls the system timing by sending out regular beacons (transparent to the
transceiver Host), which contain system timing information. This timing information
synchronizes the Client radios to the Server.
Each network should consist of only one Server. There should never be two Servers on the
same RF Channel Number in the same coverage area, as the interference between the two
Servers will severely hinder RF communications.
In Server-Client architecture, the Server communicates with the Clients and the Clients only
communicate with the Server. Enabling PeerPeer-toto-Peer Mode will allow all radios on the network
to communicate with each other. Note: All transc
transceivers
eivers on the same network must have the
same setting for PeerPeer-toto-Peer and there must still be one, and only one, Server present in a
PeerPeer-toto-Peer network.
5.2.2 RF Mode
Acknowledge Mode
In Addressed Acknowledge Mode, the RF packet is sent out to the receiver designated by the
Destination Address.
Address Transmit Retries are used to increase the odds of successful delivery to
the intended receiver. Transparent to the OEM Host, the sending transceiver will send the RF
packet to the intended receiver. If the receiver receives the packet free of errors, it will tell
the sender. If the sender does not receive this acknowledge, it will assume the packet was
never received and retry the packet. This will go on until the packet is successfully received
or the transmitter exhausts all of its retries. The received packet will only be sent to the OEM
Host if and when it is received free of errors.
In Broadcast Acknowledge Mode, the RF packet is broadcast out to all eligible receivers on
the network. In order to increase the odds of successful delivery, Broadcast Attempts are
used to increase the odds of successful delivery to the intended receiver(s). Transparent to
the OEM Host, the sending transceiver will send the RF packet to the intended receiver. If the
receiver detects a packet error, it will throw out the packet. This will go on until the packet is
successfully received or the transmitter exhausts all of its attempts. Once the receiver
successfully receives the packet it will send the packet to the OEM Host. It will throw out any
duplicates caused by further Broadcast Attempts. The received packet will only be sent to
the OEM Host if it is received free of errors.
5/8/2007
32
5.2.3 Random Back Off
Random Back Off – If multiple AC4424 transceivers try to send packets out over the RF at
the exact same time, the packets will collide and will not be received by the intended
receiver. In fact, if after a collision occurs, both transceivers retry at the same time, the retry
will also fail. To avoid further collisions, a transceiver can be programmed to wait a random
number of packet times (hops) before resending its data. The amount of randomness is
controlled by this parameter and this feature is not valid in broadcast mode. Keep in mind
that selecting a larger value for Random Back Off will increase the overall latency of the
AC4424. The latency calculation becomes:
Worst Case Latency = 8ms Hop * # of retries * Maximum Random Value
[multiply by 16ms if using Full Duplex mode]
Latency is a very important consideration when using a wireless device. The AC4424 has a
256 byte interface buffer. If, due to latency, the radio cannot send the data out over the RF
as fast as data is coming into the radio over the serial interface, the buffer will eventually fill
up. If data continues coming into the radio once the buffer is full, the buffer will overflow and
the new incoming data will be lost. It is strongly recommended that the radio host monitor
the CTS pin to avoid this situation. The transceiver asserts this pin high as the buffer is filling
to signal the OEM Host to stop sending data. The transceiver will take CTS Low once the
buffer becomes less full.
Random Backoff Settings:
•
00h – Wait 1 packet time, then retry (Random Back Off is disabled)
•
01h – Wait 1 – 2 packet times, then retry
•
03h – Wait 1 – 4 packet times, then retry
•
07h – Wait 1 – 8 packet times, then retry
•
0Fh – Wait 1 – 16 packet times, then retry
•
1Fh – Wait 1 – 32 packet times, then retry
•
3Fh – Wait 1 – 64 packet times, then retry
•
7Fh – Wait 1 – 128 packet times, then retry
•
FFh – Wait 1 – 256 packet times, then retry
5.2.55.2.4
5.2.55.2.4 Duplex Mode
In Half Duplex mode, the AC4424 will send a packet out over the RF when it can. This can
cause packets sent at the same time by a Server and a Client to collide with each other over
the RF. To prevent this, Full Duplex Mode can be enabled. This mode restricts Clients to
transmitting on odd numbered frequency “bins” and the Server to transmitting on even
5/8/2007
33
AC4424 Specifications
frequency bins. Though the RF hardware is still technically half duplex, it makes the radio
seem full duplex. This can cause overall throughputs to be cut in half. Note: All transceivers
on the same network must have the same setting for Full Duplex.
5.2.65.2.5
5.2.6
5.2.5 Interface Timeout/RF Packet Size
Interface timeout, in conjunction with RF Packet Size,
Size determines when a buffer of data will
be sent out over the RF as a complete RF packet based on whichever condition occurs first.
Interface Timeout – Interface Timeout specifies a maximum byte gap in between consecutive
bytes. When that byte gap is exceeded, the bytes in the transmit buffer are sent out over
the RF as a complete packet. Interface timeout is adjustable in 160uS decrements. The
actual timeout created by Interface Timeout is equal to the 2's complement of Interface
Timeout times 160uS. The default value for Interface Timeout is F0H or 2.56ms.
RF Packet Size – When the amount of bytes in the transceiver transmit buffer equals RF
Packet Size, those bytes are sent out as a complete RF packet.
5.2.75.2.6
5.2.7
5.2.6 Serial Interface Baud Rate
This two-byte value determines the baud rate used for communicating over the serial
interface to a transceiver. Table 9 - Baud Rate lists values for some common baud rates.
Baud rates below 110 baud are not supported. For a baud rate to be valid, the calculated
baud rate must be within ±3% of the OEM Host baud rate. If the 9600_BAUD pin (Pin 12) is
pulled logic Low at reset, the baud rate will be forced to 9,600.
9,600. For Baud Rate values other
than those shown in Table 9 - Baud Rate,
Rate the following equation can be used:
BAUD = (18.432E+06/(32*desired
(18.432E+06/(32*desired baud rate))
BaudH= High 8 bits of BAUD (base16)
BaudL = Low 8 bits of BAUD (base16)
Table 8 – Baud Rate
Baud
Rate
288,00
192,00
115,20
57,600
38,400
28,800
19,200
5/8/2007
BaudL
(42h)
02h
BaudH
(43h)
00h
Minimum Interface
Timeout (58h)
FFh
03h
00h
FFh
05h
00h
FEh
0Ah
0Fh
14h
1Eh
00h
00h
00h
00h
FDh
FCh
FBh
F9h
34
AC4424 Specifications
14,400
9,600
4800
2400
1200
300
110
28h
3Ch
78h
F0h
E0h
80h
74h
00h
00h
00h
00h
01h
07h
14h
F7h
F2h
E5h
CBh
97h
01h
01h
5.2.85.2.7
5.2.8
5.2.7 Network Topology
RF Channel Number – RF Channel Number provides a physical separation between co-located
networks. The AC4424 is a spread spectrum frequency hopping radio with a fixed hopping
sequence. Without synchronizing the different networks to each other, different channel
numbers could possibly interfere with each other and create “cross-talk.” To avoid cross-talk
interference, co-located networks should use SyncSync-toto-Channel.
Channel A Server radio with Sync-toChannel enabled will synchronize its frequency hop timing to a system located on the RF
Channel specified by Sync Channel.
Channel The only requirement is that Sync Channel be numerically
less than RF Channel. Therefore, every co-located network will be synchronizing to the
network with the lowest RF Channel. Three Channel sets are provided for the AC4424 (refer
to Table 10 below). CoCo-located networks must use the same Channel
Channel Set.
Table 9 – US and International RF Channel Number Settings
Channel RF Channel Number Frequency Range
Set
Range (40h)
00h – 0Fh
00h – 13h
14h – 27h
2402 –
2478MHz
2406 –
2435MHz
2444 –
2472MHz
Countries
10mW, 200mW:
US,Canada
100mW, 9AJ:
Europe,France,US,Canada
100mW, 9AJ:
Europe,US,Canada
Note: The AC4424-100 & AC4424-9AJ are CE approved for use in Europe. The AC4424-10
and AC4424-200 are not CE approved and cannot be used in Europe.
System ID – System ID is similar to a password character or network number and makes
network eavesdropping more difficult. A receiving radio will not go in range of or
communicate with another radio on a different System ID.
5/8/2007
35
AC4424 Specifications
5.2.95.2.8
5.2.9
5.2.8 Auto Config
The AC4424 has several variables that control its RF performance and vary by RF Mode and
RF Architecture
Architecture. Enabling Auto Config will bypass the value for these variables stored in
EEPROM and use predetermined values for the given Interface Baud Rate. Auto Config has
been optimized for 115,200 baud Acknowledge Mode and all lower baud rates. It should only
be disabled with recommendation from AeroComm. Below is a list containing some of the
variables affected by Auto Config and their respective values:
Table 10 – Auto Config Parameters
Description2
RF Packet Size
CTS On
CTS Hysteresis
EEPROM
Address
47
48
4E
50
51
52
53
54
55
57
59
5B
5C
5D
5E
5F
Default
60
FD
E4
50
40
C0
80
0E
Acknowledge
Mode
60
FD
E4
50
40
C0
80
0E
Parameters without a Description are undocumented protocol parameters and should only be modified to a
value other than shown in this table when recommended by AeroComm.
5/8/2007
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AC4424 Specifications
6. Dimensions
All AC4424 products measure 1.65”W x 2.65”L. Critical parameters are as follows:
•
J1 – 20 pin OEM interface connector (Samtec TMM-110-01-L-D-SM, mates with
Samtec SMM-110-02-S-D)
•
MMCX Jack – Antenna connector (Johnson Components P/N 135-3711-822)
mates with any manufacturer’s MMCX plug
Figure 2 – AC4424 with MMCX
5/8/2007
37
AC4424 Specifications
Figure 3 – AC4424 with Integral Antenna
5/8/2007
38
Ordering Information
7. Ordering Information
7.1 PRODUCT PART NUMBERS
AC4424AC4424-9AJ:
9AJ AC4424 with 9mW output power, interface data rates to 288Kbps, integral
microstrip antenna, -40°C to 80°C
AC4424AC4424-10:
10 AC4424 with 10mW output power, interface data rates to 288Kbps, MMCX
antenna connector, -40°C to 80°C
AC4424AC4424-10A:
10A AC4424 with 10mW output power, interface data rates to 288Kbps, integral
microstrip antenna, -40°C to 80°C
AC4424AC4424-100:
100 AC4424 with 50mW output power, interface data rates to 288Kbps, MMCX
antenna connector, -40°C to 80°C
AC4424AC4424-200:
200 AC4424 with 200mW output power, interface data rates to 288Kbps, MMCX
antenna connector, -40°C to 80°C
7.2 DEVELOPER KIT PART NUMBERS
SDKIncludes (2) AC4424-9AJ transceivers, (2) RS232 Serial Adapter
SDK-44244424-9AJ:
9AJ
Boards, (2) 6Vdc unregulated power supplies, (2) Serial cables,
configuration/testing software, Integration engineering support
SDKSDK-44244424-10:
10 Includes (2) AC4424-10 transceivers, (2) RS232 Serial Adapter Boards, (2)
6Vdc unregulated power supplies, (2) Serial cables, (2) S151FL-5-RMM2450S dipole antennas with 5” pigtail and MMCX connector,
configuration/testing software, Integration engineering support
Includes (2) AC4424-10A transceivers, (2) RS232 Serial Adapter
SDKSDK-44244424-10A:
10A
Boards, (2) 6Vdc unregulated power supplies, (2) Serial cables,
configuration/testing software, Integration engineering support
Includes (2) AC4424-100 transceivers, (2) RS232 Serial Adapter
SDKSDK-44244424-100:
100
Boards, (2) 6Vdc unregulated power supplies, (2) Serial cables, (2) S151FL5-RMM-2450S dipole antennas with 5” pigtail and MMCX connector,
configuration/testing software, Integration engineering support
SDKIncludes (2) AC4424-200 transceivers, (2) RS232 Serial Adapter
SDK-44244424-200:
200
Boards, (2) 6Vdc unregulated power supplies, (2) Serial cables, (2) S151FL5-RMM-2450S dipole antennas with 5” pigtail and MMCX connector,
configuration/testing software, Integration engineering support
5/8/2007
39
Regulatory Information
8. Regulatory Information
Agency Identification Numbers
Part Number
AC4424-9AJ
AC4424-10
AC4424-100
AC4424-200
US/FCC
KQL-44249AJ
KQL-PKLR2400
KQL-AC4424
KQL-PKLR2400200
CAN/IC
2268C-44249AJ
CAN2268391158A
CAN2268C391190A
EUR/EN
CE
CE
CAN2268391180A
8.1 FCC
The user is responsible for all labeling and ensuring the module complies with FCC regulations
(see 47CFR2 for exact regulations).
•
The FCC identifier proceeded by “FCC ID:” and the FCC Notice found below
must be clearly visible on the outside of the equipment.
•
The RF Exposure Warning (next page) also must be printed inside the
equipment’s user manual.
The FCC/IC approval was granted with the module classified as mobile (ie. the antenna is
>20 cm from the human body with the exception of hands, wrists, feet, and ankles). The
end user needs to ensure that the antenna location complies with this or retest for
portable classification (less than 2.5 cm with the same exceptions as mobile) at their
own expense.
FCC regulations allow the use of any antenna of the same type and of equal or less gain.
However the antenna is still required to have a unique antenna connector such as MMCX
or reverse SMA. On the following page is a table of antennas available through
AeroComm. Any different antenna type or antenna with gain greater than those listed
must be tested to comply with FCC Section 15.203 for unique antenna connectors and
Section 15.247 for emissions at user’s expense.
Caution:
Caution Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by AeroComm could void
the FCC compliancy of the AC4424.
5/8/2007
40
Regulatory Information
FCC Notice
WARNING: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject
to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful
interference, and (2) This device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation.
FCC Labeling Requirements
WARNING: The Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) must ensure that FCC
labeling requirements are met. This includes a clearly visible label on the
outside of the OEM enclosure specifying the appropriate AeroComm FCC
identifier for this product as well as the FCC Notice above.
FCC RF Exposure AC4424
WARNING: To satisfy FCC RF exposure requirements for mobile type transmitting
devices, a separation distance of 20 cm or more should be maintained
between the antenna of this device and persons during operation, with
exception of hands wrist, feet, and ankles. To ensure compliance,
operations at closer distance than this distance is prohibited.
The preceding statement must be included as a CAUTION statement in
manuals for OEM products to alert users on FCC RF Exposure
compliance.
5/8/2007
41
Regulatory Information
8.2 CE
The AC4424-100 is a Class 2 transceiver that is harmonized everywhere except France.
Therefore, the end product will have to be marked with a “CE(!)” (the ! is encircled). For
complete rules and regulations on labeling in Europe refer to the R&TTE Directive Article 12
and Annex VII.
And the country or countries that the end user intends to sell product in be notified prior to
shipping product. Further information about this regulation can be found in Article 6.4 of the
R&TTE Directive.
Caution:
Caution Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by AeroComm could void the
CE compliancy of the AC4424.
WARNING: The Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) must ensure that CE
labeling requirements are met. This includes a clearly visible label on the
outside of the OEM enclosure specifying the appropriate CE marking.
Further information can be found in the R&TTE Directive Article 12 and
Annex VII.
CE Labeling Requirements
5/8/2007
42
Regulatory Information
½ Wave Dipole
½ Wave Dipole
OmniDirectional
OmniDirectional
OmniDirectional
Mfg.
Type
1 WCP-2400-MMCX
Centurion
2 WCR-2400-SMRP
Centurion
3 MFB24008RPN
Maxrad
4 BMMG24000MSMARP12’
Maxrad
5 BMMG24005MSMARP12’
Maxrad
AC4424X
AC4424X--200
Gain
(dBi)
AC4424X
AC4424X--10
Item Part Number
AC4424X
AC4424X--100
Europe/France
AC4424X
AC4424X--100
US/Canada
8.3 APPROVED ANTENNA LIST
6 MP24013TMSMARP12
Maxrad
MUF24005M174MSMARP1
7 2
Maxrad
Panel
OmniDirectional
13
8 MC2400
Patch
2.5
Maxrad
9 NZH2400-MMCX (External) AeroComm Microstrip
10 NZH2400-I (Integral)
AeroComm Microstrip
11 S131CL-5-RMM-2450S
Nearson
½ Wave Dipole
12 S181FL-5-RMM-2450S
Nearson
½ Wave Dipole
13 S191FL-5-RMM-2450S
Nearson
½ Wave Dipole
14 S151FL-5-RMM-2450S
Nearson
Collinear
15 S152AH-2450S
Nearson
Collinear
16 S171AH-2450S
Nearson
17 MLPV1700
18 R380.500.127
Maxrad
Radial
Larsen
Collinear
OmniDirectional
¼ Wave Dipole
19 ANT-DB1-RMS-RPS
Linx
20 ANT-DB2-916/2.4-RP-SMA Linx
Monopole
Dual Band
Patch
21 ANT-YG12-N
Yagi
Linx
12
****AC4424approved
pproved for operation with the integral antenna layed out on the
****AC4424-9AJ is only a
board.
5/8/2007
43

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