Loopcomm Technology LP-8186C 54Mbps Wireless AP Router User Manual User s Manual of WLAN Broadband router
Loopcomm Technology,.Inc. 54Mbps Wireless AP Router User s Manual of WLAN Broadband router
User Manual
User’s Manual of WLAN Board band router
USER MANUAL 1.0.0
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© 2009
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference
to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not
occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference
to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off
and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the
following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
FCC Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party
responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2)
this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may
cause undesired operation.
This device and its antenna(s) must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with
any other antenna or transmitter.
IMPORTANT NOTE:
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement:
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an
uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with
minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body.
For product available in the USA/Canada market, only channel 1~11 can be operated.
Selection of other channels is not possible.
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Terminology.......................................................................................................................................................4
Introduction........................................................................................................................................................6
Package contents........................................................................................................................................6
Product Specifications ...............................................................................................................................6
Product Features.........................................................................................................................................8
Front Panel Description .............................................................................................................................9
Rear Panel Description ............................................................................................................................10
Installation........................................................................................................................................................10
Hardware Installation...............................................................................................................................10
Software Installation................................................................................................................................10
Software configuration.....................................................................................................................................11
Prepare your PC to configure the WLAN Broadband Router .................................................................11
Connect to the WLAN Broadband Router...............................................................................................12
Management and configuration on the WLAN Broadband Router.........................................................12
Status................................................................................................................................................12
Setup Wizard....................................................................................................................................14
Operation Mode ...............................................................................................................................19
Wireless - Basic Settings..................................................................................................................19
Wireless - Advanced Settings ..........................................................................................................21
Wireless - Security Setup.................................................................................................................22
Wireless - Access Control................................................................................................................25
WDS Security Setup ........................................................................................................................26
WDS AP Table .................................................................................................................................26
WDS Settings...................................................................................................................................27
Site Survey.......................................................................................................................................28
WPS Settings ...................................................................................................................................28
LAN Interface Setup........................................................................................................................29
WAN Interface Setup.......................................................................................................................31
Firewall - Port Filtering ...................................................................................................................40
Firewall - IP Filtering.......................................................................................................................41
Firewall - MAC Filtering.................................................................................................................42
Firewall - Port Forwarding...............................................................................................................43
Firewall - URL Filtering..................................................................................................................44
Firewall - DMZ................................................................................................................................44
Management - Statistics...................................................................................................................45
Management - DDNS ......................................................................................................................46
Management - Time Zone Setting ...................................................................................................47
Management - Denial-of-Service.....................................................................................................48
Management - Log...........................................................................................................................49
Management - Upgrade Firmware...................................................................................................50
Management - Save/ Reload Settings..............................................................................................50
Management - Password Setup........................................................................................................51
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ) ...............................................................................................51
What and how to find my PC’s IP and MAC address?............................................................................51
What is Wireless LAN? ...........................................................................................................................52
What are ISM bands?...............................................................................................................................52
How does wireless networking work?.....................................................................................................52
What is BSSID?.......................................................................................................................................53
What is ESSID? .......................................................................................................................................53
What are potential factors that may causes interference?........................................................................53
What are the Open System and Shared Key authentications?.................................................................53
What is WEP? ..........................................................................................................................................53
What is Fragment Threshold?..................................................................................................................53
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What is RTS (Request To Send) Threshold?............................................................................................54
What is Beacon Interval?.........................................................................................................................54
What is Preamble Type? ..........................................................................................................................54
What is SSID Broadcast?.........................................................................................................................54
What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?.................................................................................................54
What is WPA2?........................................................................................................................................54
What is 802.1x Authentication?...............................................................................................................54
What is Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)?..................................................................................55
What is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)? .....................................................................................55
What is Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP)?..........................................................................................55
What is Wireless Distribution System (WDS)?.......................................................................................55
What is Universal Plug and Play (uPNP)?...............................................................................................55
What is Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) Size?...............................................................................55
What is Clone MAC Address?.................................................................................................................55
What is DDNS?........................................................................................................................................55
What is NTP Client? ................................................................................................................................55
What is VPN? ..........................................................................................................................................55
What is IPSEC?........................................................................................................................................56
What is WLAN Block Relay Between Clients? ......................................................................................56
What is WMM?........................................................................................................................................56
What is WLAN ACK TIMEOUT? ..........................................................................................................56
What is Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS)? .........................................................................................56
What is Frame Aggregation? ...................................................................................................................56
What is Guard Intervals (GI)?..................................................................................................................56
Configuration examples...................................................................................................................................57
Example one - PPPoE on the WAN .........................................................................................................57
Example two - fixed IP on the WAN .......................................................................................................60
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Terminology
3DES Triple Data Encryption Standard
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AP Access Point
CCK Complementary Code Keying
CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance
CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection
DDNS Dynamic Domain Name Server
DH Diffie-Hellman Algorithm
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol
ESP Encapsulating Security Payload
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FTP File Transfer Protocol
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
IKE Internet Key Exchange
IP Internet Protocol
ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical
LAN Local Area Network
MAC Media Access Control
MD5 Message Digest 5
NAT Network Address Translation
NT Network Termination
NTP Network Time Protocol
PPTP Point to Point Tunneling Protocol
PSD Power Spectral Density
RF Radio Frequency
SHA1 Secure Hash Algorithm
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
SSID Service Set Identification
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
JTFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
UPNP Universal Plug and Play
VPN Virtual Private Network
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WDS Wireless Distribution System
WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access
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Introduction
The WLAN AP Router is IEEE 802.11b/g WLAN AP router solution; setting SOHO and enterprise
standard for high performance, secure, manageable and reliable WLAN.
This document describes the steps required for the initial IP address assignment and other WLAN
router configuration. The description includes the implementation of the above steps.
Package contents
The package of the WLAN Broadband Router includes the following items,
The WLAN Broadband Router
The Power Adapter
The Documentation CD
RJ-45 Cable Line
One detachable antenna
Cradle
Product Specifications
Standard IEEE 802.11g/b
Frequency Band 2.400GHz ~ 2.484GHz
IEEE 802.11g: OFDM(64-QAM, 16-QAM, QPSK, BPSK)
Radio type IEEE 802.11b: DSSS(CCK/DQPSK/DBPSK)
802.11g: 54, 48, 36, 24, 18, 12, 9 & 6Mbps
Data Rate 802.11b: 11, 5.5, 2 and 1 Mbps with auto-rate fall back
Access Protocol CSMA/CA
2.412~2.462GHz (Canada, FCC) / 11 Channels
2.412~2.484GHz (Japan, TELEC) / 14 Channels
Number of operation
channel 2.412~2.472GHz (Euro, ETSI) / 13 Channels
AP
AP Client(ad-hoc and infrastructure)
Client
Bridge (point-to-pint and point-to-multipoint)
Operation Mode
WDS(WirelessDescription System)
64/128bit WEP
WPA(TKIP with IEEE 802.1x)
Security
WPA2(AES with IEEE 802.1x)
802.11g: up to 18 dBm ± 1 dBm
RF Output Power(Typical) 802.11b: up to 19 dBm ± 1 dBm
-89dBm @ 802.11g
Sensitivity -93dBm @ 802.11b
Antenna One detachable 2dbi antenna
Dimension (mm) 146(L) x 100(W) x 24(H) (not including antenna)
Weight 245g
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Operation Temperature 0°C ~ 55°C ambient temperature
Storage Temperature -20% ~ 70% ambient temperature
Humidity 10% ~ 90% (Non-condensing)
One antenna connector
One RJ-45 port for WAN
Four RJ-45 LAN ports
Reset to default button
Power jack
Connector
WPS button
Power requirement 12V/1A
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Product Features
Generic Router
802.11b/g compliant with 54Mbps high-speed data rate
Operation modes: AP, AP client, Client, Bridge, WDS
DHCP Server/Client
Four Ethernet ports for broadband sharing
Virtual DMZ, Port Forwarding
Dynamic DNS
TCP/UDP/ICMP/ARP protocol stack
Firewall, URL/IP/Port/MAC filtering
Wireless users access control
Wireless security – 64/128bit WEP, WPA/WPA2, 802.1x and 802.11i
Support PPPoE, VPN pass-through with multiple sessions, PPTP and L2TP
Universal Plug and Play, no complicated installation necessary
Quick and easy setup with Web-based management utility
Supports WPS, 64-bit and 128-bit WEP, WPA, WPA2
encryption/decryption and WPA with Radius function to protect the wireless data transmission.
Front Panel Description
LED Indicator State Description
on The WLAN Broadband Router is powered on. 1. PWR LED
off The WLAN Broadband Router is powered off.
Flashing Data is transmitting or receiving on the antenna. 2. WLAN LED
off No data is transmitting or receiving on the antenna.
Flashing Data is transmitting or receiving on the LAN interface.
on Port linked.
3. LAN LED ACT
off No link.
Flashing Data is transmitting or receiving on the WAN interface.
on Port linked.
4. WAN LED ACT
off No link.
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Rear Panel Description
Interfaces Description
Antenna (Fixed / SMA) The Wireless LAN Antenna.
Reset Push continually the reset button 5 ~ 10 seconds to reset the configuration parameters to
factory defaults.
WPS Push continually the WPS button 5 ~ 10 seconds to enable the WPS feature.
LAN The RJ-45 sockets allow LAN connection through Category 5 cables. Support
auto-sensing on 10/100M speed and half/ full duplex; comply with IEEE 802.3/ 802.3u
respectively.
WAN The RJ-45 socket allows WAN connection through a Category 5 cable. Support
auto-sensing on 10/100M speed and half/ full duplex; comply with IEEE 802.3/ 802.3u
respectively.
The power jack allows an external power supply connection. Power
The external adaptor provide adaptive power requirement to the WLAN Broadband Router.
Installation
Hardware Installation
Step 1:
Place the Wireless LAN Broadband Router to the best optimum transmission location. The best transmission location
for your WLAN Broadband Router is usually at the geographic center of your wireless network, with line of sign to all
of your mobile stations.
Step 2:
Connect the WLAN Broadband Router to your wired network. Connect the Ethernet WAN interface of WLAN
Broadband Router by category 5 Ethernet cable to your switch/ hub/ xDSL modem or cable modem. A
straight-through Ethernet cable with appropriate cable length is needed.
Step 3:
Supply DC power to the WLAN Broadband Router. Use only the AC/DC power adapter supplied with the WLAN
Broadband Router; it maybe occur damage by using a different type of power adapter.
The hardware installation finished.
Software Installation
There are no software drivers, patches or utilities installation needed, but only the configuration setting. Please refer to
chapter 3 for software configuration.
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Notice: It will take about 50 seconds to complete the boot up sequence after powered on the WLAN Broadband
Router; Power LED will be active, and after that the WLAN Activity LED will be flashing to show the WLAN interface is
enabled and working now.
Software configuration
There are web based management and configuration functions allowing you to have the jobs done easily.
The WLAN Broadband Router is delivered with the following factory default parameters on the Ethernet LAN
interfaces.
Default IP Address: 192.168.1.254
Default IP subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
WEB login User Name: <empty>
WEB login Password: <empty>
Prepare your PC to configure the WLAN Broadband Router
For OS of Microsoft Windows 2000/ XP:
1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control Panel window will appear.
2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network and Dial-up Connections icon. Move mouse and
double-click the Local Area Connection icon. The Local Area Connection window will appear. Click Properties
button in the Local Area Connection window.
3. Check the installed list of Network Components. If TCP/IP is not installed, click the Add button to install it;
otherwise go to step 6.
4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add button.
5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then click OK button to install the TCP/IP
protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows CD to complete the installation. Close and go back to Network dialog
box after the TCP/IP installation.
6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.
7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.
IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.253 is good to connect the Wireless
LAN Access Point.
IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
8. Click OK to completes the IP parameters setting.
For OS of Microsoft Windows Vista:
1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control Panel window will appear.
2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network Connections item. The Network Connections window
will appear. Double click Local Area Connection icon, then User Account Control window shown. Right click
Continue button to set properties.
3. In Local Area Connection Properties window, Choose Networking tab, move mouse and click Internet Protocol
Version 4 (TCP/IPv4), then click Properties button.
4. Move mouse and click General tab, Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.
IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.253 is good to connect the Wireless
LAN Access Point.
IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
5. Click OK to complete the IP parameters setting.
For OS of Microsoft Windows 95/ 98/ Me:
1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control Panel window will appear.
Note: Windows Me users may not see the Network control panel. If so, select View all Control Panel options
on the left side of the window
2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network icon. The Network window will appear.
3. Check the installed list of Network Components. If TCP/IP is not installed, click the Add button to install it;
otherwise go to step 6.
4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add button.
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5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then click OK button to install the TCP/IP
protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows CD to complete the installation. Close and go back to Network dialog
box after the TCP/IP installation.
6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.
7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.
IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.253 is good to connect the Wireless
LAN Access Point.
IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
8. Click OK and reboot your PC after completes the IP parameters setting.
For OS of Microsoft Windows NT:
1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control Panel window will appear.
2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network icon. The Network window will appear. Click Protocol tab
from the Network window.
3. Check the installed list of Network Protocol window. If TCP/IP is not installed, click the Add button to install it;
otherwise go to step 6.
4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add button.
5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then click OK button to install the TCP/IP
protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows CD to complete the installation. Close and go back to Network dialog
box after the TCP/IP installation.
6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.
7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.
IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.253 is good to connect the Wireless
LAN Access Point.
IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
8. Click OK to complete the IP parameters setting.
Connect to the WLAN Broadband Router
Open a WEB browser, i.e. Microsoft Internet Explore 6.1 SP1 or above, then enter 192.168.1.254 on the URL to
connect the WLAN Broadband Router.
Management and configuration on the WLAN Broadband Router
Status
This page shows the current status and some basic settings of the device, includes system, wireless, Ethernet LAN
and WAN configuration information.
Item Description
System
Uptime It shows the duration since WLAN AP Router is powered on.
Firmware version It shows the firmware version of WLAN AP Router.
Wireless configuration
Mode It shows wireless operation mode
Band It shows the current wireless operating frequency.
SSID It shows the SSID of this WLAN AP Router.
The SSID is the unique name of WLAN AP Router and
shared among its service area, so all device sat tempts to
join the same wireless network can identify it.
Channel Number It shows the wireless channel connected currently.
Encryption It shows the status of encryption function.
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BSSID It shows the BSSID address of the WLAN AP Router.BSSID
is a six-byte address.
Associated Clients It shows the number of connected clients (or stations,PCs).
TCP/IP configuration
IP Address It shows the IP address of LAN interfaces of WLAN AP
Router.
Subnet Mask It shows the IP subnet mask of LAN interfaces of WLAN AP
Router.
Default Gateway It shows the default gateway setting for LAN interfaces
outgoing data packets.
DHCP Server It shows the DHCP server is enabled or not.
MAC Address It shows the MAC address of LAN interfaces of WLAN AP
Router.
WAN configuration
Attain IP Protocol It shows how the WLAN AP Router gets the IP address. The
IP address can be set manually to a fixed one or set
dynamically by DHCP server or attain IP by PPPoE / PPTP
connection.
IP Address It shows the IP address of WAN interface of WLAN AP
Router.
Subnet Mask It shows the IP subnet mask of WAN interface of WLAN AP
Router.
Default Gateway It shows the default gateway setting for WAN interface
outgoing data packets.
MAC Address It shows the MAC address of WAN interface of WLAN AP
Router.
Setup Wizard
This page guides you to configure wireless broadband router for first time.
I. Operation Mode
This page followed by Setup Wizard page to define the operation mode.
II. Time Zone Setting
This page is used to enable and configure NTP client.
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III. LAN Interface Setup
This page is used to configure local area network IP address and subnet mask.
IV. WAN Interface Setup
This page is used to configure WAN access type.
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V. Wireless Basic Settings
This page is used to configure basic wireless parameters like Band, Mode, Network Type SSID, Channel Number,
Enable Mac Clone(Single Ethernet Client).
VI. Wireless Security Setup
This page is used to configure wireless security.
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Operation Mode
This page is used to configure which mode wireless broadband router acts.
Item Description
Gateway Traditional gateway configuration. It always connects internet via
ADSL/Cable Modem. LAN interface, WAN interface, Wireless
interface, NAT and Firewall modules are applied to this mode
Bridge Each interface (LAN, WAN and Wireless) regards as bridge.
NAT, Firewall and all router's functions are not supported
Wireless ISP Switch Wireless interface to WAN port and all Ethernet ports in
bridge mode. Wireless interface can do all router's functions
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the previous
configuration setting.
Wireless - Basic Settings
This page is used to configure the parameters for wireless LAN clients that may connect to your Broadband Router.
Here you may change wireless encryption settings as well as wireless network parameters.
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Item Description
Disable Wireless LAN Interface Click on to disable the wireless LAN data transmission.
Band Click to select 2.4GHz(B) / 2.4GHz(G) / 2.4GHz(B+G)
Mode Click to select the WLAN AP / Client / WDS / AP+WDS
wireless mode.
Network Type While Mode is selected to be Client. Click to select the
network type infrastructure or Ad hoc.
SSID It is the wireless network name. The SSID can be 32
bytes long.
Channel Number Select the wireless communication channel from
pull-down menu.
Data Rate Select the transmission data rate from pull-down
menu.Data rate can be auto-select, 1M to 54Mbps or
MCS.
Associated Clients Click the Show Active Clients button to open Active
Wireless Client Table that shows the MAC address,
transmit-packet, receive-packet and transmission-rate
for each associated wireless client.
Enable Mac Clone
(Single Ethernet Client) Take Laptop NIC MAC address as wireless client
MAC address. [Client Mode only]
SSID of Extended Click to enable Universal Repeater Mode
Interface Assign SSID when enables Universal Repeater Mode.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
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Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
Wireless - Advanced Settings
These settings are only for more technically advanced users who have a sufficient knowledge about wireless LAN.
These settings should not be changed unless you know what effect the changes will have on your WLAN Broadband
Router.
Item Description
Authentication Type Click to select the authentication type in Open System,
Shared Key or Auto selection.
Fragment Threshold Set the data packet fragmentation threshold, value can be
written between 256 and 2346 bytes.
RTS Threshold Set the RTS Threshold, value can be written between 0 and
2347 bytes.
Beacon Interval Set the Beacon Interval, value can be written between 20 and
1024 ms.
Data Rate Select the transmission data rate from pull-down menu. Data
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rate can be auto-select, 11M, 5.5M, 2M or 1Mbps.
Preamble Type Click to select the Long Preamble or Short Preamble support
on the wireless data packet transmission.
Broadcast SSID Click to enable or disable the SSID broadcast function.
IAPP Click to enable or disable the IAPP function.
802.11g Protection Protect 802.11b user.
RF Power Level Select the TX Power from 10-14dBm to 14-17dBm or
17-19dbm.
ACK Timeout The Acknowledgement Timeout means from remote to local
data transmission, one parameter to control both
acknowledging action to guaranty those packets have
already be received. Usually, for short distance, keep default
setting is proposed. If there is long distance application, have
minor increased with this parameter will be proposed.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
Wireless - Security Setup
This page allows you setup the wireless security. Turn on WEP, WPA, WPA2 by using encryption keys could prevent
any unauthorized access to your wireless network.
Item Description
Encryption Select the encryption supported over wireless access. The
encryption method can be None, WEP, WPA, WPA2 or
WPA-Mixed.
Use 802.1x
Authentication
While Encryption is selected to be WEP. Click the check box
to enable IEEE 802.1x authentication function.
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WPA Authentication
Mode
While Encryption is selected to be WPA. Click to select the
WPA Authentication Mode with Enterprise (RADIUS) or
Personal (Pre-Shared Key).
WPA Cipher Suite Select the Cipher Suite for WPA encryption.
WPA2 Cipher Suite Select the Cipher Suite for WPA2 encryption.
Pre-Shared Key
Format
While Encryption is selected to be WPA.
Select the Pre-shared key format from the pull-down menu.
The format can be Passphrase or Hex (64 characters).
[WPA, Personal(Pre-Shared Key) only]
Pre-Shared Key Fill in the key value. [WPA, Personal(Pre-Shared Key)
only]
Enable
Pre-Authentication
Click to enable Pre-Authentication.
[WPA2/WPA2 Mixed only, Enterprise only]
Authentication
RADIUS Server
Set the IP address, port and login password information of
authentication RADIUS sever.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
WEP encryption key (secret key) length:
Length
Format
64-bit 128-bit
ASCII 5 characters 13 characters
HEX 10 hexadecimal codes 26 hexadecimal codes
WEP Key Setup
Item Description
Key Length Select the WEP shared secret key length from pull-down
menu. The length can be chose between 64-bit and 128-bit
(known as "WEP2") keys. The WEP key is composed of
initialization vector (24 bits) and secret key (40-bit or 104-bit).
Key Format Select the WEP shared secret key format from pull-down
menu. The format can be chose between plant text (ASCII)
and hexadecimal (HEX) code.
Default Tx Key Set the default secret key for WEP security function. Value
can be chose between 1 and 4.
Encryption Key 1 Secret key 1 of WEP security encryption function.
Encryption Key 2 Secret key 2 of WEP security encryption function.
Encryption Key 3 Secret key 3 of WEP security encryption function.
Encryption Key 4 Secret key 4 of WEP security encryption function.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Close Click to close this WEP Key setup window.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
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previous configuration setting.
Wireless - Access Control
If you enable wireless access control, only those clients whose wireless MAC addresses are in the access control list
will be able to connect to your Access Point. When this option is enabled, no wireless clients will be able to connect if
the list contains no entries.
Item Description
Wireless Access
Control Mode
Click the Disabled, Allow Listed or Deny Listed of drop
down menu choose wireless access control mode.
This is a security control function; only those clients
registered in the access control list can link to this WLAN
Broadband Router.
MAC Address Fill in the MAC address of client to register this WLAN
Broadband Router access capability.
Comment Fill in the comment tag for the registered client.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
Current Access
Control List
It shows the registered clients that are allowed to link to this
WLAN Broadband Router.
Delete Selected Click to delete the selected clients that will be access right
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removed from this WLAN Broadband Router.
Delete All Click to delete all the registered clients from the access
allowed list.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
WDS Security Setup
Requirement: Set [Wireless]->[Basic Settings]->[Mode]->AP+WDS
This page is used to configure the wireless security between APs.
WDS AP Table
This page is used to show WDS statistics.
Item Description
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MAC Address It shows the MAC Address within WDS.
Tx Packets It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the wireless
LAN interface.
Tx Errors It shows the statistic count of error sent packets on the
Wireless LAN interface.
Rx Packets It shows the statistic count of received packets on the
wireless LAN interface.
Tx Rare (Mbps) It shows the wireless link rate within WDS.
Refresh Click to refresh the statistic counters on the screen.
Close Click to close the current window.
WDS Settings
Wireless Distribution System uses wireless media to communicate with other APs, like the Ethernet does. To do this,
you must set these APs in the same channel and set MAC address of other AP that you want to communicate with in
the table and then enable the WDS.
Item Description
Enable WDS Click the check box to enable wireless distribution system.
MAC Address Fill in the MAC address of AP to register the wireless
distribution system access capability.
Comment Fill in the comment tag for the registered AP.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
Set Security Click button to configure wireless security like WEP(64bits),
WEP(128bits), WPA(TKIP), WPA2(AES) or None
Show Statistics It shows the TX, RX packets, rate statistics.
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Delete Selected Click to delete the selected clients that will be access right
removed from this WLAN Broadband Router.
Delete All Click to delete all the registered clients from the access
allowed list.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
Site Survey
This page is used to view or configure other APs near yours.
Item Description
SSID It shows the SSID of AP.
BSSID It shows BSSID of AP.
Channel It show the current channel of AP occupied.
Type It show which type AP acts.
Encrypt It shows the encryption status.
Signal It shows the power level of current AP.
Refresh Click the Refresh button to re-scan site survey on the
screen.
Connect Click the Connect button to establish connection.
WPS Settings
This page allows you to change the setting for WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup). Using this feature could let your wireless
client automically syncronize its setting and connect to the Access Point in a minute without any hassle.
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Item Description
Disable WPS Click on to disable the Wi-Fi Protected Setup function.
WPS Status Show WPS status is Configured or UnConfigured.
Self-PIN Number Fill in the PIN Number of AP to register the wireless distribution system
access capability.
Push Button Configuration The Start PBC button provides tool to scan the wireless network. If any
Access Point or IBSS is found, you could connect it automatically when
client join PBC mode.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the previous
configuration setting.
Current Key Info Authentication：It shows the Authentication is opened or closed.
Encryption：It shows the Encryption mode.
Key：It shows the Encryption key.
Client PIN Number Fill in the Client PIN Number from your Client sites.
LAN Interface Setup
This page is used to configure the parameters for local area network that connects to the LAN ports of your WLAN
Broadband Router. Here you may change the setting for IP address, subnet mask, DHCP, etc.
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Item Description
IP Address Fill in the IP address of LAN interfaces of this WLAN
Access Point.
Subnet Mask Fill in the subnet mask of LAN interfaces of this WLAN
Access Point.
Default Gateway Fill in the default gateway for LAN interfaces out going
data packets.
DHCP Click to select Disabled, Client or Server in different
operation mode of wireless Access Point.
DHCP Client Range Fill in the start IP address and end IP address to allocate a
range of IP addresses; client with DHCP function set will
be assigned an IP address from the range.
Show Client Click to open the Active DHCP Client Table window that
shows the active clients with their assigned IP address,
MAC address and time expired information. [Server mode
only]
Static DHCP Select enable or disable the Static DHCP function from
pull-down menu. [Server mode only]
Set Static DHCP Manual setup Static DHCP IP address for specific MAC
address. [Server mode only]
Domain Name Assign Domain Name and dispatch to DHCP clients. It is
optional field.
802.1d Spanning Tree Select enable or disable the IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree
function from pull-down menu.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address to be
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cloned
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
WAN Interface Setup
This page is used to configure the parameters for wide area network that connects to the WAN port of your WLAN
Broadband Router. Here you may change the access method to Static IP, DHCP, PPPoE or PPTP by click the item
value of WAN Access Type.
Static IP
Item Description
Static IP Click to select Static IP support on WAN
interface. There are IP address, subnet mask
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and default gateway settings need to be done.
IP Address If you select the Static IP support on WAN
interface, fill in the IP address for it.
Subnet Mask If you select the Static IP support on WAN
interface, fill in the subnet mask for it.
Default Gateway If you select the Static IP support on WAN
interface, fill in the default gateway for WAN
interface out going data packets.
MTU Size Fill in the mtu size of MTU Size. The default
value is 1400.
DNS 1 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.
DNS 2 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.
DNS 3 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 3.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC
address to be cloned.
Enable uPNP Click the checkbox to enable uPNP function.
Enable Ping Access on WAN Click the checkbox to enable WAN ICMP
response.
Enable Web Server Access on WAN Click the checkbox to enable web configuration
from WAN side.
Enable IPsec pass through on VPN
connection
Click the checkbox to enable IPSec packet
pass through.
Enable PPTP pass through on VPN
connection
Click the checkbox to enable PPTP packet pass
through.
Enable L2TP pass through on VPN
connection
Click the checkbox to enable L2TP packet pass
through.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete
the new configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and
recover the previous configuration setting.
DHCP Client
Item Description
DHCP Client Click to select DHCP support on WAN interface
for IP address assigned automatically from a
DHCP server.
Host Name Fill in the host name of Host Name. The default
value is empty.
MTU Size Fill in the mtu size of MTU Size. The default
value is 1400.
Attain DNS Automatically Click to select getting DNS address for DHCP
support.
Please select Set DNS Manually if the DHCP
support is selected.
Set DNS Manually Click to select getting DNS address for DHCP
support.
DNS 1 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server
1.
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DNS 2 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server
2.
DNS 3 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server
3.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC
address to be cloned.
Enable uPNP Click the checkbox to enable uPNP function.
Enable Ping Access on WAN Click the checkbox to enable WAN ICMP
response.
Enable Web Server Access on WAN Click the checkbox to enable web configuration
from WAN side.
Enable IPsec pass through on VPN
connection
Click the checkbox to enable IPSec packet
pass through.
Enable PPTP pass through on VPN
connection
Click the checkbox to enable PPTP packet
pass through.
Enable L2TP pass through on VPN
connection
Click the checkbox to enable L2TP packet pass
through.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete
the new configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and
recover the previous configuration setting.
PPPoE
Item Description
PPPoE Click to select PPPoE support on WAN
interface. There are user name, password,
connection type and idle time settings need to
be done.
User Name If you select the PPPoE support on WAN
interface, fill in the user name and password to
login the PPPoE server.
Password If you select the PPPoE support on WAN
interface, fill in the user name and password to
login the PPPoE server.
Service Name Fill in the service name of Service Name. The
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default value is empty.
Connection Type Select the connection type from pull-down
menu. There are Continuous, Connect on
Demand and Manual three types to select.
Continuous connection type means to setup
the connection through PPPoE protocol
whenever this WLAN AP Router is powered on.
Connect on Demand connection type means
to setup the connection through PPPoE
protocol whenever you send the data packets
out through the WAN interface; there are a
watchdog implemented to close the PPPoE
connection while there are no data sent out
longer than the idle time set.
Manual connection type means to setup the
connection through the PPPoE protocol by
clicking the Connect button manually, and
clicking the Disconnect button manually.
Idle Time If you select the PPPoE and Connect on
Demand connection type, fill in the idle time for
auto-disconnect function. Value can be
between 1 and 1000 minutes.
MTU Size Fill in the mtu size of MTU Size. The default
value is 1400.
Attain DNS Automatically Click to select getting DNS address for DHCP
support.
Please select Set DNS Manually if the DHCP
support is selected.
Set DNS Manually Click to select getting DNS address for DHCP
support.
DNS 1 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server
1.
DNS 2 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server
2.
DNS 3 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server
3.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC
address to be cloned.
Enable uPNP Click the checkbox to enable uPNP function.
Enable Ping Access on WAN Click the checkbox to enable WAN ICMP
response.
Enable Web Server Access on WAN Click the checkbox to enable web configuration
from WAN side.
Enable IPsec pass through on VPN
connection
Click the checkbox to enable IPSec packet
pass through.
Enable PPTP pass through on VPN Click the checkbox to enable PPTP packet
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connection pass through.
Enable L2TP pass through on VPN
connection
Click the checkbox to enable L2TP packet pass
through.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete
the new configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and
recover the previous configuration setting.
PPTP
Enter topic text here.
Item Description
PPTP Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site
directly to secure the data transmission among
the connection. User can use embedded PPTP
client supported by this router to make a VPN
connection.
Enable Dynamic Mode Click to select PPTP Dynamic support on WAN
interface for IP address assigned automatically
from a PPTP server.
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IP Address If you select the PPTP support on WAN
interface, fill in the IP address for it.
Subnet Mask If you select the PPTP support on WAN
interface, fill in the subnet mask for it.
Gateway If you select the Static PPTP support on WAN
interface, fill in the gateway for WAN interface
out going data packets.
Server IP Address Enter the IP address of the PPTP Server.
Server Domain Name Assign Domain Name and dispatch to PPTP
servers. It is optional field.
User Name If you select the PPTP support on WAN
interface, fill in the user name and password to
login the PPTP server.
Password If you select the PPTP support on WAN
interface, fill in the user name and password to
login the PPTP server.
MTU Size Fill in the mtu size of MTU Size. The default
value is 1400.
Request MPPE Encryption Click the checkbox to enable request MPPE
encryption.
Attain DNS Automatically Click to select getting DNS address for PPTP
support.
Please select Set DNS Manually if the PPTP
support is selected.
Set DNS Manually Click to select getting DNS address for PPTP
support.
DNS 1 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server
1.
DNS 2 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server
2.
DNS 3 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server
3.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC
address to be cloned.
Enable uPNP Click the checkbox to enable uPNP function.
Enable Ping Access on WAN Click the checkbox to enable WAN ICMP
response.
Enable Web Server Access on WAN Click the checkbox to enable web configuration
from WAN side.
Enable IPsec pass through on VPN
connection
Click the checkbox to enable IPSec packet
pass through.
Enable PPTP pass through on VPN
connection
Click the checkbox to enable PPTP packet
pass through.
Enable L2TP pass through on VPN Click the checkbox to enable L2TP packet pass
connection through.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete
the new configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and
recover the previous configuration setting.
Note: PPTP Gateway
Your ISP will provide you with the Gateway IP Address. If your LAN has a PPTP gateway, then enter that PPTP
gateway IP address here. If you do not have PPTP gateway then enter the ISP’s Gateway IP address above.
Firewall - Port Filtering
Entries in this table are used to restrict certain types of data packets from your local network to Internet through the
Gateway. Use of such filters can be helpful in securing or restricting your local network.
Item Description
Enable Port Filtering Click to enable the port filtering security function.
Port Range Protocol
Comments
To restrict data transmission from the local network
on certain ports, fill in the range of start-port and
end-port, and the protocol, also put your comments
on it.
The Protocol can be TCP, UDP or Both.
Comments let you know about whys to restrict
data from the ports.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the
new configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Delete Selected Click to delete the selected port range that will be
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removed from the port-filtering list.
Delete All Click to delete all the registered entries from the
port-filtering list.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Firewall - IP Filtering
Entries in this table are used to restrict certain types of data packets from your local network to Internet through the
Gateway. Use of such filters can be helpful in securing or restricting your local network.
Item Description
Enable IP Filtering Click to enable the IP filtering security function.
Local IP Address
Protocol Comments
To restrict data transmission from local network on
certain IP addresses, fill in the IP address and the
protocol, also put your comments on it.
The Protocol can be TCP, UDP or Both.
Comments let you know about whys to restrict
data from the IP address.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the
new configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Delete Selected Click to delete the selected port range that will be
removed from the IP-filtering list.
Delete All Click to delete all the registered entries from the
IP-filtering list.
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Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Firewall - MAC Filtering
Entries in this table are used to restrict certain types of data packets from your local network to Internet through the
Gateway. Use of such filters can be helpful in securing or restricting your local network.
Item Description
Enable MAC Filtering Click to enable the MAC filtering security function.
MAC Address
Comments
To restrict data transmission from local network on
certain MAC addresses, fill in the MAC address
and your comments on it.
Comments let you know about whys to restrict
data from the MAC address.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to register the
MAC address to MAC filtering list.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Delete Selected Click to delete the selected port range that will be
removed from the MAC-filtering list.
Delete All Click to delete all the registered entries from the
MAC-filtering list.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
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Firewall - Port Forwarding
Entries in this table allow you to automatically redirect common network services to a specific machine behind the
NAT firewall. These settings are only necessary if you wish to host some sort of server like a web server or mail server
on the private local network behind your Gateway's NAT firewall.
Item Description
Enable Port
Forwarding
Click to enable the Port Forwarding security
function.
Local IP Address
Protocol Port Range
Comment
To forward data packets coming from WAN to a
specific IP address that hosted in local network
behind the NAT firewall, fill in the IP address,
protocol, port range and your comments.
The Protocol can be TCP, UDP or Both.
The Port Range for data transmission.
Comments let you know about whys to allow data
packets forward to the IP address and port number.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to register the IP
address and port number to Port forwarding list.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Delete Selected Click to delete the selected IP address and port
number that will be removed from the
port-forwarding list.
Delete All Click to delete all the registered entries from the
port-forwarding list.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
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Firewall - URL Filtering
URL Filtering is used to restrict users to access specific websites in internet.
Item Description
Enable URL Filtering Click to enable the URL Filtering function.
URL Address Add one URL address.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to save settings.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Delete Selected Click to delete the selected URL address that will
be removed from the URL Filtering list.
Delete All Click to delete all the registered entries from the
URL Filtering list.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Firewall - DMZ
A Demilitarized Zone is used to provide Internet services without sacrificing unauthorized access to its local private
network. Typically, the DMZ host contains devices accessible to Internet traffic, such as Web (HTTP) servers, FTP
servers, SMTP (e-mail) servers and DNS servers.
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Item Description
Enable DMZ Click to enable the DMZ function.
DMZ Host IP Address To support DMZ in your firewall design, fill in the IP
address of DMZ host that can be access from the
WAN interface.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to register the IP
address of DMZ host.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Management - Statistics
This page shows the packet counters for transmission and reception regarding to wireless, Ethernet LAN and Ethernet
WAN networks.
Item Description
Wireless LAN
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Sent Packets It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the
wireless LAN interface.
Received Packets It shows the statistic count of received packets on
the wireless LAN interface.
Ethernet LAN
Sent Packets It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the
Ethernet LAN interface.
Received Packets It shows the statistic count of received packets on
the Ethernet LAN interface.
Ethernet WAN
Sent Packets It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the
Ethernet WAN interface.
Received Packets It shows the statistic count of received packets on
the Ethernet WAN interface.
Refresh Click the refresh the statistic counters on the
screen.
Management - DDNS
This page is used to configure Dynamic DNS service to have DNS with dynamic IP address.
Item Description
Enable DDNS Click the checkbox to enable DDNS service.
Service Provider Click the drop down menu to pickup the right
provider.
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Domain Name To configure the Domain Name.
User Name/Email Configure User Name, Email.
Password/Key Configure Password, Key.
Apply Change Click the Apply Changes button to save the
enable DDNS service.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Management - Time Zone Setting
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the previous configuration setting.
Item Description
Current Time It shows the current time.
Time Zone Select Click the time zone in your country.
Enable NTP client
update
Click the checkbox to enable NTP client update.
NTP Server Click select default or input NTP server IP address.
Apply Change Click the Apply Changes button to save and
enable NTP client service.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Refresh Click the refresh the current time shown on the
screen.
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Management - Denial-of-Service
This page is used to enable and setup protection to prevent attack by hacker’s program. It provides more security for
users.
Item Description
Enable DoS Prevention Click the checkbox to enable DoS prevention.
Whole System Flood /
Per-Source IP Flood…
Enable and setup prevention in details.
Select ALL Click the checkbox to enable all prevention
items.
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Clear ALL Click the checkbox to disable all prevention
items.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to save above
settings.
Management - Log
This page is used to configure the remote log server and shown the current log.
Item Description
Enable Log Click the checkbox to enable log.
System all Show all log of wireless broadband router.
Wireless Only show wireless log
DoS Only show Denial-of-Service log
Enable Remote Log Click the checkbox to enable remote log service.
Log Server IP Address Input the remote log IP address.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to save above
settings.
Refresh Click the refresh the log shown on the screen.
Clear Clear log display screen.
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Management - Upgrade Firmware
This page allows you upgrade the Access Point firmware to new version. Please note, do not power off the device
during the upload because it may crash the system.
Item Description
Select File Click the Browse button to select the new version of web
firmware image file.
Upload Click the Upload button to update the selected web
firmware image to the WLAN Broadband Router.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
Management - Save/ Reload Settings
This page allows you save current settings to a file or reload the settings from the file that was saved previously.
Besides, you could reset the current configuration to factory default.
Item Description
Save Settings to File Click the Save button to download the configuration
parameters to your personal computer.
Load Settings from File Click the Browse button to select the configuration files
then click the Upload button to update the selected
configuration to the WLAN Broadband Router.
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Reset Settings to
Default
Click the Reset button to reset the configuration parameter
to factory defaults.
Management - Password Setup
This page is used to set the account to access the web server of Access Point. Empty user name and password will
disable the protection.
Item Description
User Name Fill in the user name for web management login control.
New Password Fill in the password for web management login control.
Confirmed
Password
Because the password input is invisible, so please fill in the
password again for confirmation purpose.
Apply Changes Clear the User Name and Password fields to empty, means to
apply no web management login control.
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the previous
configuration setting.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)
Enter topic text here.
What and how to find my PC’s IP and MAC address?
IP address is the identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. Networks using the TCP/IP protocol route
messages based on the IP address of the destination. The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written
as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be zero to 255. For example, 191.168.1.254 could be an IP
address.
The MAC (Media Access Control) address is your computer's unique hardware number. (On an Ethernet LAN, it's the
same as your Ethernet address.) When you're connected to the Internet from your computer (or host as the Internet
protocol thinks of it), a correspondence table relates your IP address to your computer's physical (MAC) address on
the LAN.
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To find your PC’s IP and MAC address,
Open the Command program in the Microsoft Windows.
Type in ipconfig /all then press the Enter button.
Your PC’s IP address is the one entitled IP Address and your PC’s MAC address is the one entitled Physical Address.
What is Wireless LAN?
A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a network that allows access to Internet without the need for any wired connections to the
user’s machine.
What are ISM bands?
ISM stands for Industrial, Scientific and Medical; radio frequency bands that the Federal Communications Commission
(FCC) authorized for wireless LANs. The ISM bands are located at 915 +/- 13 MHz, 2450 +/- 50 MHz and 5800 +/- 75
MHz.
How does wireless networking work?
The 802.11 standard define two modes: infrastructure mode and ad hoc mode. In infrastructure mode, the wireless
network consists of at least one access point connected to the wired network infrastructure and a set of wireless end
stations. This configuration is called a Basic Service Set (BSS). An Extended Service Set (ESS) is a set of two or
more BSSs forming a single subnetwork. Since most corporate WLANs require access to the wired LAN for services
(file servers, printers, Internet links) they will operate in infrastructure mode.
Example 1: wireless Infrastructure Mode
Ad hoc mode (also called peer-to-peer mode or an Independent Basic Service Set, or IBSS) is simply a set of 802.11
wireless stations that communicate directly with one another without using an access point or any connection to a
wired network. This mode is useful for quickly and easily setting up a wireless network anywhere that a wireless
infrastructure does not exist or is not required for services, such as a hotel room, convention center, or airport, or
where access to the wired network is barred (such as for consultants at a client site).
Example 2: wireless Ad Hoc Mode
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What is BSSID?
A six-byte address that distinguishes a particular a particular access point from others. Also know as just SSID.
Serves as a network ID or name.
What is ESSID?
The Extended Service Set ID (ESSID) is the name of the network you want to access. It is used to identify different
wireless networks.
What are potential factors that may causes interference?
Factors of interference:
Obstacles: walls, ceilings, furniture… etc.
Building Materials: metal door, aluminum studs.
Electrical devices: microwaves, monitors and electrical motors.
Solutions to overcome the interferences:
Minimizing the number of walls and ceilings.
Position the WLAN antenna for best reception.
Keep WLAN devices away from other electrical devices, eg: microwaves, monitors, electric motors, … etc.
Add additional WLAN Access Points if necessary.
What are the Open System and Shared Key authentications?
IEEE 802.11 supports two subtypes of network authentication services: open system and shared key. Under open
system authentication, any wireless station can request authentication. The station that needs to authenticate with
another wireless station sends an authentication management frame that contains the identity of the sending station.
The receiving station then returns a frame that indicates whether it recognizes the sending station. Under shared key
authentication, each wireless station is assumed to have received a secret shared key over a secure channel that is
independent from the 802.11 wireless network communications channel.
What is WEP?
An optional IEEE 802.11 function that offers frame transmission privacy similar to a wired network. The Wired
Equivalent Privacy generates secret shared encryption keys that both source and destination stations can use to alert
frame bits to avoid disclosure to eavesdroppers.
WEP relies on a secret key that is shared between a mobile station (e.g. a laptop with a wireless Ethernet card) and
an access point (i.e. a base station). The secret key is used to encrypt packets before they are transmitted, and an
integrity check is used to ensure that packets are not modified in transit.
What is Fragment Threshold?
The proposed protocol uses the frame fragmentation mechanism defined in IEEE 802.11 to achieve parallel
transmissions. A large data frame is fragmented into several fragments each of size equal to fragment threshold. By
tuning the fragment threshold value, we can get varying fragment sizes. The determination of an efficient fragment
threshold is an important issue in this scheme. If the fragment threshold is small, the overlap part of the master and
parallel transmissions is large. This means the spatial reuse ratio of parallel transmissions is high. In contrast, with a
large fragment threshold, the overlap is small and the spatial reuse ratio is low. However high fragment threshold
leads to low fragment overhead. Hence there is a trade-off between spatial re-use and fragment overhead.
Fragment threshold is the maximum packet size used for fragmentation. Packets larger than the size programmed in
this field will be fragmented.
If you find that your corrupted packets or asymmetric packet reception (all send packets, for example). You may want
to try lowering your fragmentation threshold. This will cause packets to be broken into smaller fragments. These small
fragments, if corrupted, can be resent faster than a larger fragment. Fragmentation increases overhead, so you'll want
to keep this value as close to the maximum value as possible.
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What is RTS (Request To Send) Threshold?
The RTS threshold is the packet size at which packet transmission is governed by the RTS/CTS transaction. The
IEEE 802.11-1997 standard allows for short packets to be transmitted without RTS/CTS transactions. Each station
can have a different RTS threshold. RTS/CTS is used when the data packet size exceeds the defined RTS threshold.
With the CSMA/CA transmission mechanism, the transmitting station sends out an RTS packet to the receiving station,
and waits for the receiving station to send back a CTS (Clear to Send) packet before sending the actual packet data.
This setting is useful for networks with many clients. With many clients, and a high network load, there will be many
more collisions. By lowering the RTS threshold, there may be fewer collisions, and performance should improve.
Basically, with a faster RTS threshold, the system can recover from problems faster. RTS packets consume valuable
bandwidth, however, so setting this value too low will limit performance.
What is Beacon Interval?
In addition to data frames that carry information from higher layers, 802.11 includes management and control frames
that support data transfer. The beacon frame, which is a type of management frame, provides the "heartbeat" of a
wireless LAN, enabling stations to establish and maintain communications in an orderly fashion.
Beacon Interval represents the amount of time between beacon transmissions. Before a station enters power save
mode, the station needs the beacon interval to know when to wake up to receive the beacon (and learn whether there
are buffered frames at the access point).
What is Preamble Type?
There are two preamble types defined in IEEE 802.11 specification. A long preamble basically gives the decoder more
time to process the preamble. All 802.11 devices support a long preamble. The short preamble is designed to improve
efficiency (for example, for VoIP systems). The difference between the two is in the Synchronization field. The long
preamble is 128 bits, and the short is 56 bits.
What is SSID Broadcast?
Broadcast of SSID is done in access points by the beacon. This announces your access point (including various bits
of information about it) to the wireless world around it. By disabling that feature, the SSID configured in the client must
match the SSID of the access point.
Some wireless devices don't work properly if SSID isn't broadcast (for example the D-link DWL-120 USB 802.11b
adapter). Generally if your client hardware supports operation with SSID disabled, it's not a bad idea to run that way to
enhance network security. However it's no replacement for WEP, MAC filtering or other protections.
What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?
Wi-Fi’s original security mechanism, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), has been viewed as insufficient for securing
confidential business communications. A longer-term solution, the IEEE 802.11i standard, is under development.
However, since the IEEE 802.11i standard is not expected to be published until the end of 2003, several members of
the WI-Fi Alliance teamed up with members of the IEEE 802.11i task group to develop a significant near-term
enhancement to Wi-Fi security. Together, this team developed Wi-Fi Protected Access.
To upgrade a WLAN network to support WPA, Access Points will require a WPA software upgrade. Clients will require
a software upgrade for the network interface card, and possibly a software update for the operating system. For
enterprise networks, an authentication server, typically one that supports RADIUS and the selected EAP
authentication protocol, will be added to the network.
What is WPA2?
It is the second generation of WPA. WPA2 is based on the final IEEE 802.11i amendment to the 802.11 standard.
What is 802.1x Authentication?
802.1x is a framework for authenticated MAC-level access control, defines Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
over LANs (WAPOL). The standard encapsulates and leverages much of EAP, which was defined for dial-up
authentication with Point-to-Point Protocol in RFC 2284.
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Beyond encapsulating EAP packets, the 802.1x standard also defines EAPOL messages that convey the shared key
information critical for wireless security.
What is Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)?
The Temporal Key Integrity Protocol, pronounced tee-kip, is part of the IEEE 802.11i encryption standard for wireless
LANs. TKIP is the next generation of WEP, the Wired Equivalency Protocol, which is used to secure 802.11 wireless
LANs. TKIP provides per-packet key mixing, a message integrity check and a re-keying mechanism, thus fixing the
flaws of WEP.
What is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)?
Security issues are a major concern for wireless LANs, AES is the U.S. government’s next-generation cryptography
algorithm, which will replace DES and 3DES.
What is Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP)?
The IEEE 802.11f Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) supports Access Point Vendor interoperability, enabling roaming
of 802.11 Stations within IP subnet.
IAPP defines messages and data to be exchanged between Access Points and between the IAPP and high layer
management entities to support roaming. The IAPP protocol uses TCP for inter-Access Point communication and
UDP for RADIUS request/response exchanges. It also uses Layer 2 frames to update the forwarding tables of Layer 2
devices.
What is Wireless Distribution System (WDS)?
The Wireless Distribution System feature allows WLAN AP to talk directly to other APs via wireless channel, like the
wireless bridge or repeater service.
What is Universal Plug and Play (uPNP)?
UPnP is an open networking architecture that consists of services, devices, and control points. The ultimate goal is to
allow data communication among all UPnP devices regardless of media, operating system, programming language,
and wired/wireless connection.
What is Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) Size?
Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) indicates the network stack of any packet is larger than this value will be
fragmented before the transmission. During the PPP negotiation, the peer of the PPP connection will indicate its MRU
and will be accepted. The actual MTU of the PPP connection will be set to the smaller one of MTU and the peer’s
MRU. The default is value 1400.
What is Clone MAC Address?
Clone MAC address is designed for your special application that request the clients to register to a server machine
with one identified MAC address. Since that all the clients will communicate outside world through the WLAN
Broadband Router, so have the cloned MAC address set on the WLAN Broadband Router will solve the issue.
What is DDNS?
DDNS is the abbreviation of Dynamic Domain Name Server. It is designed for user own the DNS server with dynamic
WAN IP address.
What is NTP Client?
NTP client is designed for fetching the current timestamp from internet via Network Time protocol. User can specify
time zone, NTP server IP address.
What is VPN?
VPN is the abbreviation of Virtual Private Network. It is designed for creating point-to point private link via shared or
public network.
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What is IPSEC?
IPSEC is the abbreviation of IP Security. It is used to transferring data securely under VPN.
What is WLAN Block Relay Between Clients?
An Infrastructure Basic Service Set is a BSS with a component called an Access Point (AP). The access point
provides a local relay function for the BSS. All stations in the BSS communicate with the access point and no longer
communicate directly. All frames are relayed between stations by the access point. This local relay function effectively
doubles the range of the IBSS.
What is WMM?
WMM is based on a subset of the IEEE 802.11e WLAN QoS draft standard. WMM adds prioritized capabilities to
Wi-Fi networks and optimizes their performance when multiple concurring applications, each with different latency and
throughput requirements, compete for network resources. By using WMM, end-user satisfaction is maintained in a
wider variety of environments and traffic conditions. WMM makes it possible for home network users and enterprise
network managers to decide which data streams are most important and assign them a higher traffic priority.
What is WLAN ACK TIMEOUT?
ACK frame has to receive ACK timeout frame. If remote does not receive in specified period, it will be retransmitted.
What is Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS)?
MCS is Wireless link data rate for 802.11n. The throughput/range performance of a AP will depend on its
implementation of coding schemes. MCS includes variables such as the number of spatial streams, modulation, and
the data rate on each stream. Radios establishing and maintaining a link must automatically negotiate the optimum
MCS based on channel conditions and then continuously adjust the selection of MCS as conditions change due to
interference, motion, fading, and other events.
What is Frame Aggregation?
Every 802.11 packet, no matter how small, has a fixed amount of overhead associated with it. Frame Aggregation
combines multiple smaller packets together to form one larger packet. The larger packet can be sent without the
overhead of the individual packets. This technique helps improve the efficiency of the 802.11n radio allowing more
end user data to be sent in a given time.
What is Guard Intervals (GI)?
A GI is a period of time between symbol transmission that allows reflections (from multipath) from the previous data
transmission to settle before transmitting a new symbol. The 802.11n draft specifies two guard intervals: 400ns (short)
and 800ns (long). Support of the 400ns GI is optional for transmit and receive. The purpose of a guard interval is to
introduce immunity to propagation delays, echoes, and reflections to which digital data is normally very sensitive.
Configuration examples
Example one - PPPoE on the WAN
Sales division of Company ABC likes to establish a WLAN network to support mobile communication on sales’
Notebook PCs. MIS engineer collects information and plans the WLAN Broadband Router implementation by the
following configuration.
WAN configuration:PPPoE
User Name 84549386
Password 2uprlamv
Note:User Name and Password.ISP provide.
LAN configuration:
IP Address 192.168.1.254
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway 0.0.0.0
DHCP Client Range 192.168.1.100 – 192.168.1.200
WLAN configuration:
SSID AP
Channel Number 11
1. Configure the WAN interface:
Open WAN Interface Setup page, select PPPoE then enter the User Name “84549386” and Password “2uprlamv”,
the password is encrypted to display on the screen.
Press button to confirm the configuration setting.
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2. Configure the LAN interface:
Open LAN Interface Setup page, enter the IP Address “192.168.1.254”, Subnet Mask “255.255.255.0”, Default
Gateway “0.0.0.0”, enable DHCP Server, DHCP client range “192.168.1.100” to “192.168.1.200”.
Press button to confirm the configuration setting.
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3. Configure the WLAN interface:
Open WLAN Interface Setup page, enter the SSID “AP”, Channel Number “11”.
Press button to confirm the configuration setting.
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Example two - fixed IP on the WAN
Company ABC likes to establish a WLAN network to support mobile communication on all employees’ Notebook PCs.
MIS engineer collects information and plans the WLAN Broadband Router implementation by the following
configuration.
WAN configuration:Fixed IP
IP Address 192.168.2.254
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway 192.168.2.10
DNS Address 168.95.1.1
LAN configuration:
IP Address 192.168.1.254
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway 192.168.2.254
DHCP Client Range 192.168.1.100 – 192.168.1.200
WLAN configuration:
SSID AP
Channel Number 11
1. Configure the WAN interface:
Open WAN Interface Setup page, select Fixed IP then enter IP Address “192.168.2.254”, subnet mask
“255.255.255.0”, Default gateway “192.168.2.10”.
Press button to confirm the configuration setting.
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2. Configure the LAN interface:
Open LAN Interface Setup page, enter the IP Address “192.168.1.254”, Subnet Mask “255.255.255.0”, enable DHCP
Server, DHCP client range “192.168.1.100” to “192.168.1.200”.
Press button to confirm the configuration setting.
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3. Configure the WLAN interface:
Open WLAN Interface Setup page, enter the SSID “AP”, Channel Number “11”.
Press button to confirm the configuration setting.
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