Motorola Solutions 89FT7629 Access Point/CPE User Manual User Guide Part 1

Motorola Solutions, Inc. Access Point/CPE User Guide Part 1

User Guide Part 1

March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review Canopy® System Release 8 User Guide, Issue 2 Sys8-UG-en Issue 2 November 2007 Sections: Planning Guide Installation and Configuration Guide Operations Guide Reference Information RNew in Issue 2: Release 8.2 Features Canopy OFDM
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review Notices See the following information: ◦ important regulatory and legal notices in Section 36 on Page 487. ◦ personal safety guidelines in Section 15 on Page 169. Trademarks, Product Names, and Service Names MOTOROLA, the stylized M Logo and all other trademarks indicated as such herein are trademarks of Motorola, Inc.® Reg. U.S. Pat & Tm. Office. Canopy is a registered trademark and MOTOwi4 is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Adobe Reader is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Java and all other Java-based marks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation, and Windows XP is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. © 2007 Motorola, Inc. All rights reserved. http://www.motorola.com/canopy
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review TABLE OF SECTIONS Guide To This User Guide 31 Overview of Canopy Networks 43 Planning Guide 127 Installation and Configuration Guide 167 Operations Guide 361 Reference Information 483 Glossary 503
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review
TABLE OF CONTENTS GGGGGGUUUUUUIIIIIIDDDDDDEEEEEE TTTTTTOOOOOO TTTTTTHHHHHHIIIIIISSSSSS UUUUUUSSSSSSEEEEEERRRRRR GGGGGGUUUUUUIIIIIIDDDDDDEEEEEE......................................................................................................333111 1 New in This Issue .................................................................................................... 33 1.1 New Products and Features Described in Issue 2 .......................................... 33 1.2 New Descriptions and Revisions in Issue 2 .................................................... 33 1.3 MOTOwi4 Portfolio......................................................................................... 33 1.4 Products Covered by This User Guide ........................................................... 33 1.5 Products Not Covered by This User Guide..................................................... 34 1.6 Software Compatibility Described in This User Guide..................................... 34 2 Using This User Guide............................................................................................ 35 2.1 Finding the Information You Need .................................................................. 35 2.1.1 Becoming Familiar with This User Guide ...........................................................35 2.1.2 Searching This User Guide .................................................................................38 2.1.3 Finding Parameter and Field Definitions for Module Web Pages ....................38 2.2 Interpreting Typeface and Other Conventions ................................................ 41 2.3 Getting Additional Help................................................................................... 42 2.4 Sending Feedback ......................................................................................... 42 OOOVVVEEERRRVVVIIIEEEWWW OOOFFF CCCAAANNNOOOPPPYYY NNNEEETTTWWWOOORRRKKKSSS.......................................................................................444333 3 Advancing from Research to Implementation ...................................................... 45 4 Realizing a Wireless Backhaul Network ................................................................ 47 5 Exploring the Scope of Solutions .......................................................................... 49 5.1 Components................................................................................................... 49 5.1.1 Canopy Access Point Module and Canopy OFDM Access Point Module.......49 5.1.2 Advantage Access Point Module ........................................................................49 5.1.3 Canopy Access Point Cluster and Canopy OFDM Access Point Cluster........50 5.1.4 Canopy Subscriber Module.................................................................................50 5.1.5 Advantage Subscriber Module............................................................................51 5.1.6 Canopy Lite Subscriber Module..........................................................................51
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 5.1.7 900-MHz AP and SM...........................................................................................52 5.1.8 Canopy .................................................................................................................53 5.1.9 Backhaul Module .................................................................................................53 5.1.10 Radio Adjustable Power Capabilities ...............................................................53 5.1.11 Cluster Management Module-2 (Part 1008CK-2)............................................53 5.1.12 Cluster Management Module micro (Part 1070CK) ........................................54 5.1.13 GPS Antenna .....................................................................................................55 5.1.14 Surge Suppressor (Part 600SS) .......................................................................55 5.1.15 Accessory Components ....................................................................................55 5.2 Frequency Band Ranges................................................................................ 59 5.3 Canopy Product Comparisons........................................................................ 60 5.3.1 Canopy Product Applications ..............................................................................60 5.3.2 Link Performance and Encryption Comparisons ...............................................61 5.3.3 Cluster Management Product Comparison........................................................63 5.4 Antennas for Connection to 900-MHz Modules .............................................. 64 5.4.1 Certified Connectorized Flat Panel Antennas....................................................64 5.4.2 Third-party Certified Connectorized Flat Panel Antenna ..................................65 5.5 Adjunctive Software Products......................................................................... 65 5.6 Bandwidth and Authentication Manager ......................................................... 66 5.7 Prizm.............................................................................................................. 67 5.7.1 Network Definition and Element Discovery........................................................67 5.7.2 Monitoring and Fault Management.....................................................................68 5.7.3 Element Management .........................................................................................68 5.7.4 BAM Subsystem in Prizm....................................................................................68 5.7.5 Northbound Interface ...........................................................................................69 5.8 License Management ..................................................................................... 69 5.9 Specifications and Limitations ........................................................................ 71 5.9.1 Radios...................................................................................................................71 5.9.2 Cluster Management Products ...........................................................................71 5.9.3 300SS and 600SS Surge Suppressors ..............................................................73 6 Differentiating Among Components...................................................................... 75 6.1 Interpreting Model (Part) Number................................................................... 75 6.2 Sorted Model Numbers .................................................................................. 78 6.3 Interpreting Electronic Serial Number (ESN) .................................................. 79 6.4 Finding the Model (Part) Number and ESN .................................................... 79
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 7 Canopy Link Characteristics .................................................................................. 81 7.1 Understanding Bandwidth Management......................................................... 81 7.1.1 Downlink Frame Contents...................................................................................81 7.1.2 Uplink Frame Contents........................................................................................81 7.1.3 Default Frame Structures ....................................................................................82 7.1.4 Media Access Control and AP Capacity ............................................................83 7.1.5 Canopy Slot Usage..............................................................................................83 7.1.6 Data Transfer Capacity........................................................................................83 7.1.7 Maximum Information Rate (MIR) Parameters..................................................84 7.1.8 Committed Information Rate ...............................................................................86 7.1.9 Bandwidth from the SM Perspective ..................................................................86 7.1.10 Interaction of Burst Allocation and Sustained Data Rate Settings .................86 7.1.11 High-priority Bandwidth .....................................................................................86 7.1.12 Hardware Scheduling ........................................................................................88 7.1.13 2X Operation ......................................................................................................89 7.1.14 3X Operation (Canopy OFDM modules only) ..................................................92 7.2 Understanding Synchronization...................................................................... 92 7.2.1 GPS Synchronization ..........................................................................................93 7.2.2 Passing Sync in a Single Hop.............................................................................95 7.2.3 Passing Sync in an Additional Hop.....................................................................95 8 Meeting Link Requirements ................................................................................... 99 8.1 AP-SM Links .................................................................................................. 99 8.2 BH-BH Links ................................................................................................ 101 9 Previewing Network Configurations .................................................................... 103 9.1 Viewing Typical Layouts............................................................................... 103 9.2 Viewing Case Studies .................................................................................. 105 10 Accessing Features ............................................................................................ 107 10.1 Activating Features..................................................................................... 114 10.1.1 Fixed License Keys..........................................................................................114 10.2 Enabling Features ...................................................................................... 115 11 Acquiring Proficiencies ...................................................................................... 117 11.1 Understanding RF Fundamentals ............................................................... 117 11.2 Understanding IP Fundamentals ................................................................ 117 11.3 Acquiring a Canopy Demonstration Kit ....................................................... 117
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 11.3.1 900-MHz with Integrated Antenna and Band-pass Filter Demonstration Kit117 11.3.2 900-MHz with Connectorized Antenna Demonstration Kit ...........................117 11.3.3 2.4-GHz with Adjustable Power Set to Low Demonstration Kit...................118 11.3.4 2.4-GHz with Adjustable Power Set to High Demonstration Kit ...................118 11.3.5 5.1-GHz Demonstration Kit .............................................................................119 11.3.6 5.2-GHz Demonstration Kit .............................................................................119 11.3.7 5.4-GHz Demonstration Kit .............................................................................119 11.3.8 5.7-GHz with Integrated Antenna Demonstration Kit ....................................120 11.3.9 5.7-GHz with Connectorized Antenna and Adjustable Power Set to Low ...120 11.3.10 Demonstration Kit Part Numbers ....................................................................120 11.4 Acquiring a Canopy Starter Kit.................................................................... 121 11.4.1 900-MHz with Integrated Antenna and Band-pass Filter Starter Kit ............121 11.4.2 900-MHz with Connectorized Antenna Starter Kit.........................................122 11.4.3 2.4-GHz with Adjustable Power Set to Low Starter Kit .................................122 11.4.4 2.4-GHz with Adjustable Power Set to High Starter Kit ................................122 11.4.5 5.1-GHz Starter Kit ..........................................................................................123 11.4.6 5.2-GHz Starter Kit ..........................................................................................123 11.4.7 5.4-GHz Starter Kit ..........................................................................................123 11.4.8 5.7-GHz with Integrated Antenna Starter Kit .................................................124 11.4.9 5.7-GHz with Connectorized Antenna and Adjustable Power Set to Low ...124 11.4.10 Starter Kit Part Numbers .................................................................................124 11.5 Evaluating Canopy Training Options........................................................... 125 11.6 Attending On-line Knowledge Sessions ...................................................... 125 PPPLLLAAANNNNNNIIINNNGGG GGGUUUIIIDDDEEE..............................................................................................................................................................................111222777 12 Engineering Your RF Communications ............................................................. 129 12.1 Anticipating RF Signal Loss........................................................................ 129 12.1.1 Understanding Attenuation..............................................................................129 12.1.2 Calculating Free Space Path Loss .................................................................129 12.1.3 Calculating Rx Signal Level ............................................................................129 12.1.4 Calculating Fade Margin .................................................................................130 12.2 Analyzing the RF Environment ................................................................... 131 12.2.1 Mapping RF Neighbor Frequencies ...............................................................131 12.2.2 Anticipating Reflection of Radio Waves .........................................................132
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 12.2.3 Noting Possible Obstructions in the Fresnel Zone ........................................132 12.2.4 Radar Signature Detection and Shutdown.....................................................132 12.3 Using Jitter to Check Received Signal Quality (Canopy FSK Only)............. 134 12.4 Using Link Efficiency to Check Received Signal Quality ............................. 135 12.4.1 Comparing Efficiency in 1X Operation to Efficiency in 2X Operation ..........135 12.4.2 When to Switch from 2X to 1X Operation Based on 60% Link Efficiency ...135 12.5 Considering Frequency Band Alternatives .................................................. 136 12.5.1 900-MHz Channels ..........................................................................................137 12.5.2 2.4-GHz Channels ...........................................................................................137 12.5.3 5.2-GHz Channels ...........................................................................................138 12.5.4 5.4-GHz Channels ...........................................................................................138 12.5.5 5.4-GHz OFDM Channels ...............................................................................139 12.5.6 5.7-GHz Channels ...........................................................................................139 12.5.7 Channels Available for PTP 400 and PTP 600 radios ..................................140 12.5.8 Example Channel Plans for AP Clusters........................................................140 12.5.9 Multiple Access Points Clusters......................................................................142 12.6 Selecting Sites for Network Elements ......................................................... 142 12.6.1 Resources for Maps and Topographic Images..............................................143 12.6.2 Surveying Sites ................................................................................................144 12.6.3 Assuring the Essentials ...................................................................................144 12.6.4 Finding the Expected Coverage Area ............................................................145 12.6.5 Clearing the Radio Horizon .............................................................................145 12.6.6 Calculating the Aim Angles .............................................................................145 12.7 Collocating Canopy Modules ...................................................................... 146 12.8 Deploying a Remote AP ............................................................................. 147 12.8.1 Remote AP Performance ................................................................................148 12.8.2 Example Use Case for RF Obstructions ........................................................148 12.8.3 Example Use Case for Passing Sync.............................................................149 12.8.4 Physical Connections Involving the Remote AP............................................150 12.9 Diagramming Network Layouts................................................................... 151 12.9.1 Accounting for Link Ranges and Data Handling Requirements ...................151 12.9.2 Avoiding Self Interference ...............................................................................151 12.9.3 Avoiding Other Interference ............................................................................153 13 Engineering Your IP Communications .............................................................. 155 13.1 Understanding Addresses .......................................................................... 155
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 13.1.1 IP Address ........................................................................................................155 13.2 Dynamic or Static Addressing..................................................................... 155 13.2.1 When a DHCP Server is Not Found ...............................................................155 13.3 Network Address Translation (NAT) ........................................................... 156 13.3.1 NAT, DHCP Server, DHCP Client, and DMZ in SM......................................156 13.3.2 NAT and VPNs.................................................................................................161 13.4 Developing an IP Addressing Scheme........................................................ 161 13.4.1 Address Resolution Protocol...........................................................................162 13.4.2 Allocating Subnets ...........................................................................................162 13.4.3 Selecting Non-routable IP Addresses ............................................................162 14 Engineering VLANs............................................................................................. 165 14.1 SM Membership in VLANs.......................................................................... 165 14.2 Priority on VLANs (802.1p) ......................................................................... 166 IIINNNSSSTTTAAALLLLLLAAATTTIIIOOONNN AAANNNDDD CCCOOONNNFFFIIIGGGUUURRRAAATTTIIIOOONNN GGGUUUIIIDDDEEE.................................111666777 15 Avoiding Hazards ................................................................................................ 169 15.1 Exposure Separation Distances.................................................................. 169 15.1.1 Details of Exposure Separation Distances Calculations and Power Compliance Margins ........................................................................................169 15.2 Grounding Canopy Equipment.................................................................... 171 15.2.1 Grounding Infrastructure Equipment ..............................................................171 15.2.2 Grounding SMs ................................................................................................172 15.3 Conforming to Regulations ......................................................................... 174 15.4 Protecting Cables and Connections............................................................ 174 16 Testing the Components .................................................................................... 177 16.1 Unpacking Components ............................................................................. 177 16.2 Configuring for Test .................................................................................... 177 16.2.1 Configuring the Computing Device for Test ...................................................177 16.2.2 Default Module Configuration .........................................................................178 16.2.3 Component Layout ..........................................................................................178 16.2.4 Diagnostic LEDs ..............................................................................................179 16.2.5 CMM2 Component Layout ..............................................................................180 16.2.6 CMMmicro Component Layout .......................................................................180
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 16.2.7 Standards for Wiring ........................................................................................182 16.2.8 Best Practices for Cabling ...............................................................................182 16.2.9 Recommended Tools for Wiring Connectors.................................................182 16.2.10 Wiring Connectors ...........................................................................................182 16.2.11 Alignment Tone—Technical Details ...............................................................184 16.3 Configuring a Point-to-Multipoint Link for Test ............................................ 184 16.3.1 Quick Start Page of the AP .............................................................................185 16.3.2 Time Tab of the AP..........................................................................................191 16.3.3 Session Status Tab of the AP .........................................................................193 16.3.4 Beginning the Test of Point-to-Multipoint Links .............................................197 16.3.5 Remote Subscribers Tab of the AP ................................................................197 16.3.6 General Status Tab of the SM ........................................................................198 16.3.7 Continuing the Test of Point-to-Multipoint Links ............................................200 16.3.8 General Status Tab of the AP .........................................................................201 16.3.9 Concluding the Test of Point-to-Multipoint Links ...........................................203 16.4 Configuring a Point-to-Point Link for Test ................................................... 204 16.4.1 Quick Start Page of the BHM..........................................................................205 16.4.2 Time Tab of the BHM ......................................................................................206 16.4.3 Beginning the Test of Point-to-Point Links.....................................................210 16.4.4 Continuing the Test of Point-to-Point Links....................................................212 16.4.5 General Status Tab of the BHM......................................................................213 16.4.6 Concluding the Test of Point-to-Point Links...................................................215 16.5 Configuring a CMMmicro for Test ............................................................... 216 16.5.1 Setting up a CMMmicro...................................................................................216 16.5.2 Status Page of the CMMmicro ........................................................................221 16.5.3 Configuration Page of the CMMmicro ............................................................224 16.5.4 Configuring Modules for Connection to CMMmicro ......................................231 16.5.5 Event Log Page of the CMMmicro..................................................................231 16.5.6 GPS Status Page of the CMMmicro...............................................................231 16.5.7 Port MIB Page of the CMMmicro ....................................................................232 17 Preparing Components for Deployment............................................................ 233 17.1 Correlating Component-specific Information ............................................... 233 17.2 Ensuring Continuing Access to the Modules............................................... 233 18 Configuring for the Destination ......................................................................... 235 18.1 Configuring an AP for the Destination......................................................... 235
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 18.1.1 General Tab of the AP.....................................................................................235 18.1.2 IP Tab of the AP...............................................................................................239 18.1.3 Radio Tab of the AP ........................................................................................241 18.1.4 SNMP Tab of the AP .......................................................................................246 18.1.5 Quality of Service (QoS) Tab of the AP .........................................................249 18.1.6 Security Tab of the AP.....................................................................................251 18.1.7 VLAN Tab of the AP ........................................................................................253 18.1.8 VLAN Membership Tab of the AP ..................................................................255 18.1.9 DiffServe Tab of the AP...................................................................................256 18.1.10 Unit Settings Tab of the AP.............................................................................258 18.2 Configuring an SM for the Destination ........................................................ 259 18.2.1 General Tab of the SM ....................................................................................260 18.2.2 NAT and IP Tabs of the SM with NAT Disabled ............................................262 18.2.3 NAT and IP Tabs of the SM with NAT Enabled.............................................268 18.2.4 Radio Tab of the SM........................................................................................273 18.2.5 SNMP Tab of the SM.......................................................................................276 18.2.6 Quality of Service (QoS) Tab of the SM.........................................................279 18.2.7 Security Tab of the SM ....................................................................................282 18.2.8 VLAN Tab of the SM........................................................................................284 18.2.9 VLAN Membership Tab of the SM..................................................................286 18.2.10 DiffServe Tab of the SM ..................................................................................287 18.2.11 Protocol Filtering Tab of the SM .....................................................................289 18.2.12 NAT Port Mapping Tab of the SM ..................................................................290 18.2.13 Unit Settings Tab of the SM ............................................................................291 18.3 Setting the Configuration Source ................................................................ 292 18.4 Configuring a BH Timing Master for the Destination ................................... 294 18.4.1 General Tab of the BHM .................................................................................295 18.4.2 IP Tab of the BHM ...........................................................................................298 18.4.3 Radio Tab of the BHM .....................................................................................300 18.4.4 SNMP Tab of the BHM ....................................................................................303 18.4.5 Security Tab of the BHM .................................................................................306 18.4.6 DiffServe Tab of the BHM ...............................................................................308 18.4.7 Unit Settings Tab of the BHM .........................................................................310 18.5 Configuring a BH Timing Slave for the Destination ..................................... 312 18.5.1 General Tab of the BHS ..................................................................................312 18.5.2 IP Tab of the BHS ............................................................................................315
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 18.5.3 Radio Tab of the BHS......................................................................................316 18.5.4 SNMP Tab of the BHS.....................................................................................319 18.5.5 Quality of Service (QoS) Tab of the BHS.......................................................321 18.5.6 Security Tab of the BHS..................................................................................322 18.5.7 DiffServe Tab of the BHS ................................................................................324 18.5.8 Unit Settings Tab of the BHS ..........................................................................325 18.6 Adjusting Transmitter Output Power ........................................................... 326 19 Installing Components........................................................................................ 329 19.1 PDA Access to Canopy Modules ................................................................ 329 19.2 Installing an AP........................................................................................... 332 19.3 Installing a Connectorized Flat Panel Antenna ........................................... 333 19.4 Installing a GPS Antenna............................................................................ 334 19.4.1 Recommended Materials for Cabling the GPS Antenna ..............................335 19.4.2 Cabling the GPS Antenna ...............................................................................335 19.5 Installing a CMM2....................................................................................... 335 19.5.1 CMM2 Installation Temperature Range .........................................................335 19.5.2 Recommended Tools for Mounting a CMM2 .................................................335 19.5.3 Mounting a CMM2 ...........................................................................................336 19.5.4 Cabling a CMM2 ..............................................................................................336 19.5.5 Verifying CMM2 Connections .........................................................................340 19.6 Installing a CMMmicro ................................................................................ 340 19.6.1 CMMmicro Temperature Range .....................................................................341 19.6.2 Recommended Tools for Mounting a CMMmicro..........................................341 19.6.3 Mounting a CMMmicro ....................................................................................341 19.6.4 Installing the Power Supply for the CMMmicro..............................................341 19.6.5 Cabling a CMMmicro .......................................................................................342 19.6.6 Verifying CMMmicro Connections ..................................................................343 19.7 Installing an SM.......................................................................................... 344 19.8 Verifying an AP-SM Link............................................................................. 347 19.9 Installing a Reflector Dish ........................................................................... 350 19.9.1 Both Modules Mounted at Same Elevation....................................................350 19.9.2 Modules Mounted at Different Elevations ......................................................351 19.9.3 Mounting Assembly .........................................................................................351 19.10 Installing a BH Timing Master ..................................................................... 352 19.11 Installing a BH Timing Slave ....................................................................... 354
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 19.12 Upgrading a BH Link to BH20..................................................................... 355 19.13 Verifying a BH Link ..................................................................................... 355 20 Verifying System Functionality .......................................................................... 359 OOOPPPEEERRRAAATTTIIIOOONNNSSS GGGUUUIIIDDDEEE..................................................................................................................................................................333666111 21 Growing Your Network ....................................................................................... 363 21.1 Monitoring the RF Environment .................................................................. 363 21.1.1 Spectrum Analyzer (Not available for Canopy OFDM) ................................363 21.1.2 Graphical Spectrum Analyzer Display (Not available for Canopy OFDM) ..364 21.1.3 Using the AP as a Spectrum Analyzer (Not available for Canopy OFDM).364 21.2 Considering Software Release Compatibility .............................................. 365 21.2.1 Designations for Hardware in Radios.............................................................365 21.2.2 CMMmicro Software and Hardware Compatibility.........................................366 21.2.3 MIB File Set Compatibility ...............................................................................367 21.3 Redeploying Modules ................................................................................. 367 21.3.1 Wiring to Extend Network Sync ......................................................................367 22 Securing Your Network....................................................................................... 369 22.1 Isolating APs from the Internet.................................................................... 369 22.2 Encrypting Canopy Radio Transmissions ................................................... 369 22.2.1 DES Encryption................................................................................................369 22.2.2 AES Encryption ................................................................................................369 22.2.3 AES-DES Operability Comparisons ...............................................................370 22.3 Managing Module Access by Passwords.................................................... 371 22.3.1 Adding a User for Access to a Module ...........................................................371 22.3.2 Overriding Forgotten IP Addresses or Passwords on AP, SM, or BH .........373 22.3.3 Overriding Forgotten IP Addresses or Passwords on CMMmicro ...............375 22.4 Requiring SM Authentication ...................................................................... 375 22.5 Filtering Protocols and Ports....................................................................... 376 22.5.1 Port Filtering with NAT Enabled......................................................................376 22.5.2 Protocol and Port Filtering with NAT Disabled ..............................................376 22.6 Encrypting Downlink Broadcasts ................................................................ 378 22.7 Isolating SMs.............................................................................................. 378 22.8 Filtering Management through Ethernet...................................................... 379
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 22.9 Allowing Management from Only Specified IP Addresses........................... 379 22.10 Configuring Management IP by DHCP ....................................................... 379 23 Managing Bandwidth and Authentication ......................................................... 381 23.1 Managing Bandwidth without BAM ............................................................. 381 23.2 Bandwidth and Authentication Manager (BAM) Services and Features ...... 381 23.2.1 Bandwidth Manager Capability .......................................................................381 23.2.2 Authentication Manager Capability.................................................................383 24 Managing the Network From a Management Station (NMS) ............................ 385 24.1 Roles of Hardware and Software Elements ................................................ 385 24.1.1 Role of the Agent .............................................................................................385 24.1.2 Role of the Managed Device...........................................................................385 24.1.3 Role of the NMS...............................................................................................385 24.1.4 Dual Roles for the NMS...................................................................................385 24.1.5 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Commands .......................385 24.1.6 Traps from the Agent.......................................................................................386 24.1.7 AP SNMP Proxy to SMs ..................................................................................386 24.2 Management Information Base (MIB) ......................................................... 386 24.2.1 Cascading Path to the MIB .............................................................................386 24.2.2 Object Instances ..............................................................................................387 24.2.3 Management Information Base Systems and Interface (MIB-II) ..................387 24.2.4 Canopy Enterprise MIB ...................................................................................388 24.3 Configuring Modules for SNMP Access ...................................................... 389 24.4 Objects Defined in the Canopy Enterprise MIB........................................... 389 24.4.1 AP, SM, and BH Objects .................................................................................389 24.4.2 AP and BH Timing Master Objects.................................................................392 24.4.3 SM and BH Timing Slave Objects ..................................................................396 24.4.4 CMMmicro Objects ..........................................................................................399 24.5 Objects Defined in the PTP 400 and PTP 600 series Bridges MIB ............. 402 24.6 Objects Supported in the Canopy 30/60-Mbps BH...................................... 403 24.7 Objects Supported in the Canopy 150/300-Mbps BH.................................. 403 24.8 Interface Designations in SNMP ................................................................. 403 24.9 Traps Provided in the Canopy Enterprise MIB ............................................ 404 24.10 Traps Provided in the PTP 400 Series Bridge MIB ..................................... 404 24.11 Traps Provided in the PTP 600 Series Bridge MIB ..................................... 404
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 24.12 MIB Viewers ............................................................................................... 405 25 Using the Canopy Network Updater Tool (CNUT)............................................. 407 25.1 CNUT Functions ......................................................................................... 407 25.2 Network Element Groups............................................................................ 407 25.3 Network Layers........................................................................................... 407 25.4 Script Engine .............................................................................................. 408 25.5 Software Dependencies for CNUT.............................................................. 408 25.6 CNUT Download......................................................................................... 408 26 Using Informational Tabs in the GUI.................................................................. 409 26.1 Viewing General Status (All) ....................................................................... 409 26.2 Viewing Session Status (AP, BHM) ............................................................ 409 26.3 Viewing Remote Subscribers (AP, BHM).................................................... 410 26.4 Interpreting Messages in the Event Log (All) .............................................. 410 26.4.1 Time and Date Stamp......................................................................................410 26.4.2 Event Log Data Collection...............................................................................410 26.4.3 Messages that Flag Abnormal Events ...........................................................412 26.4.4 Messages that Flag Normal Events ...............................................................412 26.5 Viewing the Network Interface Tab (All)...................................................... 413 26.6 Interpreting Radio Statistics in the Scheduler Tab (All) ............................... 414 26.7 Viewing the List of Registration Failures (AP, BHM) ................................... 415 26.8 Interpreting Data in the Bridging Table (All) ................................................ 416 26.9 Translation Table (SM) ............................................................................... 417 26.10 Interpreting Data in the Ethernet Tab (All)................................................... 417 26.11 Interpreting RF Control Block Statistics in the Radio Tab (All) .................... 420 26.12 Interpreting Data in the VLAN Tab (AP, SM)............................................... 421 26.13 Data VC (All) .............................................................................................. 423 26.14 Filter (SM)................................................................................................... 424 26.15 NAT Stats (SM) .......................................................................................... 425 26.15.1 NAT DHCP Statistics (SM)..............................................................................426 26.15.2 Interpreting Data in the GPS Status Page (AP, BHM) ..................................427 27 Using Tools in the GUI........................................................................................ 429 27.1 Using the Spectrum Analyzer Tool (SM, BHS)............................................ 429 27.2 Using the Alignment Tool (SM, BHS).......................................................... 429
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 27.3 Using the Link Capacity Test Tool (All) ....................................................... 432 27.4 Using the AP Evaluation or BHM Evaluation Tool (SM, BHS) ..................... 434 27.5 Using the Frame Calculator Tool (All) ......................................................... 438 27.6 Using the SM Configuration Tool (AP, BHM) .............................................. 443 27.7 Using the BER Results Tool (SM, BHS) ..................................................... 444 28 Maintaining Your Canopy Software ................................................................... 445 28.1 History of System Software Upgrades ........................................................ 445 28.1.1 Canopy Release 8 Features ...........................................................................445 28.1.2 Canopy Release 8 Fixes .................................................................................445 28.2 History of CMMmicro Software Upgrades................................................... 445 28.3 Typical Contents of Release Notes............................................................. 445 28.4 Typical Upgrade Process............................................................................ 445 28.4.1 Downloading Software and Release Notes ...................................................446 29 Rebranding Module Interface Screens .............................................................. 447 30 Toggling Remote Access Capability.................................................................. 451 30.1 Denying All Remote Access........................................................................ 451 30.2 Reinstating Remote Access Capability ....................................................... 451 31 Setting Up a Protocol Analyzer on Your Canopy Network ............................... 453 31.1 Analyzing Traffic at an SM.......................................................................... 453 31.2 Analyzing Traffic at an AP or BH with No CMM .......................................... 454 31.3 Analyzing Traffic at an AP or BH with a CMM............................................. 454 31.4 Example of a Protocol Analyzer Setup for an SM ....................................... 455 32 Troubleshooting.................................................................................................. 463 32.1 General Planning for Troubleshooting ........................................................ 463 32.2 General Fault Isolation Process.................................................................. 463 32.3 Questions to Help Isolate the Problem........................................................ 464 32.4 Secondary Steps ........................................................................................ 464 32.5 Procedures for Troubleshooting.................................................................. 465 32.5.1 Module Has Lost or Does Not Establish Connectivity...................................465 32.5.2 NAT/DHCP-configured SM Has Lost or Does Not Establish Connectivity ..466 32.5.3 SM Does Not Register to an AP .....................................................................468 32.5.4 BHS Does Not Register to the BHM...............................................................469 32.5.5 Module Has Lost or Does Not Gain Sync ......................................................470
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 32.5.6 Module Does Not Establish Ethernet Connectivity........................................471 32.5.7 Module Does Not Power Up ...........................................................................472 32.5.8 Power Supply Does Not Produce Power .......................................................472 32.5.9 CMM2 Does Not Power Up.............................................................................473 32.5.10 CMM2 Does Not Pass Proper GPS Sync to Connected Modules ...............473 32.5.11 Module Software Cannot be Upgraded..........................................................474 32.5.12 Module Functions Properly, Except Web Interface Became Inaccessible ..474 33 Obtaining Technical Support ............................................................................. 475 34 Getting Warranty Assistance ............................................................................. 481 RRREEEFFFEEERRREEENNNCCCEEE IIINNNFFFOOORRRMMMAAATTTIIIOOONNN.................................................................................................................................444888333 35 Administering Modules through telnet Interface .............................................. 485 36 Regulatory and Legal Notices ............................................................................ 487 36.1 Important Note on Modifications ................................................................. 487 36.2 National and Regional Regulatory Notices.................................................. 487 36.2.1 U.S. Federal Communication Commission (FCC) Notification.....................487 36.2.2 Industry Canada (IC) Notification....................................................................489 36.2.3 Regulatory Requirements for CEPT Member States (www.cept.org)..........490 36.2.4 European Union Notification for 5.7 GHz Product.........................................491 36.2.5 Equipment Disposal.........................................................................................492 36.2.6 EU Declaration of Conformity for RoHS Compliance....................................492 36.2.7 UK Notification .................................................................................................492 36.2.8 Belgium Notification .........................................................................................492 36.2.9 Luxembourg Notification..................................................................................492 36.2.10 Czech Republic Notification ............................................................................492 36.2.11 Norway Notification ..........................................................................................493 36.2.12 Greece Notification ..........................................................................................493 36.2.13 Brazil Notification .............................................................................................493 36.2.14 Australia Notification ........................................................................................493 36.2.15 Labeling and Disclosure Table for China .......................................................494 36.3 RF Exposure .............................................................................................. 495 36.4 Legal Notices.............................................................................................. 495 36.4.1 Software License Terms and Conditions .......................................................495
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 36.4.2 Hardware Warranty in U.S. .............................................................................497 36.4.3 Limit of Liability.................................................................................................497 37 Additional Resources ......................................................................................... 499 38 History of Documentation................................................................................... 501 GGGLLLOOOSSSSSSAAARRRYYY.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................555000333
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Canopy Advantage Platform GUI logo.............................................................. 49 Figure 2: Pole-mounted AP cluster.................................................................................. 50 Figure 3: OFDM AP - Antenna and Radio ....................................................................... 50 Figure 4: Structure-mounted SM ..................................................................................... 50 Figure 5: OFDM SM, front and side views....................................................................... 51 Figure 6: Examples of flat panel antennas with 900-MHz modules.................................. 52 Figure 7: Dish-mounted 10- or 20-Mbps BH.................................................................... 53 Figure 8: CMM2 enclosure .............................................................................................. 54 Figure 9: CMM2 pole-mounted........................................................................................ 54 Figure 10: Motorola GPS antenna................................................................................... 55 Figure 11: 600SS surge suppressor................................................................................ 55 Figure 12: ACPS110-03A power supply.......................................................................... 56 Figure 13: ACPSSW-09A power supply .......................................................................... 56 Figure 14: 27RD with mounted module ........................................................................... 56 Figure 15: SMMB1 SM support bracket........................................................................... 57 Figure 16: ACATHS-01 alignment headset ..................................................................... 59 Figure 17: HSG-01 Housing ............................................................................................ 59 Figure 18: Uplink data slot usage .................................................................................... 83 Figure 19: TDD dividing Canopy frames.......................................................................... 84 Figure 20: Uplink and downlink rate caps adjusted to apply aggregate cap..................... 85 Figure 21: Uplink and downlink rate cap adjustment example ......................................... 85 Figure 22: Canopy frame structure.................................................................................. 88 Figure 23: One unsynchronized AP in cluster.................................................................. 94 Figure 24: GPS timing throughout the Canopy network (Canopy FSK shown) ................ 95 Figure 25: Additional link to extend network sync, Design 3 ............................................ 96 Figure 26: Additional link to extend network sync, Design 4 ............................................ 96 Figure 27: Additional link to extend network sync, Design 5 ............................................ 97 Figure 28: Typical network layout with no BH................................................................ 103 Figure 29: Typical network layout with BH..................................................................... 104 Figure 30: Typical multiple-BH network layout............................................................... 104 Figure 31: Determinants in Rx signal level .................................................................... 130
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review Figure 32: Example layout of 7 Access Point clusters ................................................... 142 Figure 33: Fresnel zone ................................................................................................ 145 Figure 34: Variables for calculating angle of elevation (and depression) ....................... 145 Figure 35: Double-hop backhaul links ........................................................................... 147 Figure 36: Remote AP deployment ............................................................................... 148 Figure 37: Example 900-MHz remote AP behind 2.4-GHz SM ...................................... 149 Figure 38: Remote AP wired to SM that also serves a customer ................................... 150 Figure 39: Remote AP wired to SM that serves as a relay ............................................ 151 Figure 40: NAT Disabled implementation ...................................................................... 157 Figure 41: NAT with DHCP Client and DHCP Server implementation ........................... 158 Figure 42: NAT with DHCP Client implementation ........................................................ 159 Figure 43: NAT with DHCP Server implementation ....................................................... 160 Figure 44: NAT without DHCP implementation.............................................................. 161 Figure 45: Example of IP address in Class B subnet..................................................... 162 Figure 46: Canopy base cover, attached and detached ................................................ 178 Figure 47: Canopy CMM2, bottom view ........................................................................ 180 Figure 48: Cluster Management Module micro.............................................................. 181 Figure 49: RJ-45 pinout for straight-through Ethernet cable .......................................... 183 Figure 50: RJ-45 pinout for crossover Ethernet cable.................................................... 183 Figure 51: RJ-11 pinout for straight-through sync cable ................................................ 184 Figure 52: Quick Start tab of AP, example .................................................................... 186 Figure 53: Radio Frequency Carrier tab of AP, example ............................................... 187 Figure 54: Synchronization tab of AP, example............................................................. 188 Figure 55: LAN IP Address tab of AP, example............................................................. 189 Figure 56: Review and Save Configuration tab of AP, example .................................... 190 Figure 57: Time tab of AP, example .............................................................................. 191 Figure 58: Session Status tab data from AP, example .................................................. 193 Figure 59: Remote Subscribers tab of AP, example...................................................... 197 Figure 60: General Status tab of SM, example.............................................................. 198 Figure 61: General Status tab of AP, example .............................................................. 201 Figure 62: Quick Start tab of BHM, example ................................................................. 205 Figure 63: Time tab of BHM, example........................................................................... 207 Figure 64: Remote Subscribers tab of BHM, example................................................... 209 Figure 65: General Status tab of BHS, example............................................................ 210
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review Figure 66: General Status tab of BHM, example ........................................................... 213 Figure 67: CMMmicro layout ......................................................................................... 216 Figure 68: CMMmicro door label ................................................................................... 218 Figure 69: CMMmicro circuit board ............................................................................... 219 Figure 70: CMMmicro connections................................................................................ 220 Figure 71: Status page of CMMmicro, example............................................................. 221 Figure 72: Configuration page of CMMmicro, example.................................................. 224 Figure 73: GPS Status page of CMMmicro, example .................................................... 231 Figure 74: Port MIB page of CMMmicro, example......................................................... 232 Figure 75: General tab of AP, example ......................................................................... 236 Figure 76: IP tab of AP, example................................................................................... 239 Figure 77: Radio tab of AP (900 MHz), example ........................................................... 241 Figure 78: SNMP tab of AP, example............................................................................ 246 Figure 79: Quality of Service (QoS) tab of AP, example................................................ 249 Figure 80: Security tab of AP, example ......................................................................... 251 Figure 81: VLAN tab of AP, example............................................................................. 253 Figure 82: VLAN Membership tab of AP, example ........................................................ 255 Figure 83: DiffServe tab of AP, example ....................................................................... 256 Figure 84: Unit Settings tab of AP, example.................................................................. 258 Figure 85: General tab of SM, example......................................................................... 260 Figure 86: NAT tab of SM with NAT disabled, example................................................. 263 Figure 87: IP tab of SM with NAT disabled, example..................................................... 266 Figure 88: NAT tab of SM with NAT enabled, example ................................................. 268 Figure 89: IP tab of SM with NAT enabled, example ..................................................... 272 Figure 90: Radio tab of SM, example ............................................................................ 273 Figure 91: SNMP tab of SM, example ........................................................................... 276 Figure 92: Quality of Service (QoS) tab of SM, example ............................................... 279 Figure 93: Security tab of SM, example......................................................................... 282 Figure 94: VLAN tab of SM, example ............................................................................ 284 Figure 95: VLAN Membership tab of SM, example........................................................ 286 Figure 96: DiffServe tab of SM, example....................................................................... 287 Figure 97: Protocol Filtering tab of SM, example........................................................... 289 Figure 98: NAT Port Mapping tab of SM, example ........................................................ 290 Figure 99: Unit Settings tab of SM, example ................................................................. 291
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review Figure 100: General tab of BHM, example .................................................................... 295 Figure 101: IP tab of BHM, example ............................................................................. 298 Figure 102: Radio tab of BHM, example........................................................................ 300 Figure 103: SNMP tab of BHM, example....................................................................... 303 Figure 104: Security tab of BHM, example .................................................................... 306 Figure 105: DiffServe tab of BHM, example .................................................................. 308 Figure 106: Unit Settings tab of BHM, example............................................................. 310 Figure 107: General tab of BHS, example..................................................................... 312 Figure 108: IP tab of BHS, example .............................................................................. 315 Figure 109: Radio tab of BHS, example ........................................................................ 317 Figure 110: SNMP tab of BHS, example ....................................................................... 319 Figure 111: Quality of Service (QoS) tab of BHS, example ........................................... 321 Figure 112: Security tab of BHS, example..................................................................... 322 Figure 113: DiffServe tab of BHS, example................................................................... 324 Figure 114: Unit Settings tab of BHS, example ............................................................. 325 Figure 115: PDA Quick Status tab, example ................................................................. 330 Figure 116: PDA Spectrum Analyzer tab of SM, example ............................................. 330 Figure 117: PDA Spectrum Results tab of SM, example ............................................... 331 Figure 118: PDA Information tab of SM, example ......................................................... 331 Figure 119: PDA AP Evaluation tab of SM, example ..................................................... 332 Figure 120: PDA Aim tab of SM, example ..................................................................... 332 Figure 121: Detail of GPS antenna mounting ................................................................ 335 Figure 122: Detail of pole mounting............................................................................... 336 Figure 123: Location of 115-/230-volt switch ................................................................. 337 Figure 124: Layout of logical connections in CMM2 ...................................................... 338 Figure 125: Canopy CMM2, front view .......................................................................... 339 Figure 126: Port indicator LED on Ethernet switch ........................................................ 340 Figure 127: SM attachment to reflector arm .................................................................. 344 Figure 128: SM grounding per NEC specifications ........................................................ 345 Figure 129: Internal view of Canopy 300SS Surge Suppressor..................................... 346 Figure 130: Audible Alignment Tone kit, including headset and connecting cable ......... 347 Figure 131: AP/SM link status indications in the AP Session Status tab........................ 349 Figure 132: Correct mount with reflector dish ................................................................ 350 Figure 133: Incorrect mount with reflector dish.............................................................. 351
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review Figure 134: Mounting assembly, exploded view ............................................................ 352 Figure 135: BH attachment to reflector arm................................................................... 353 Figure 136: Session Status tab of BHM......................................................................... 357 Figure 137: Spectrum Analyzer tab of SM, example...................................................... 364 Figure 138: General Status tab view for GUEST-level account ..................................... 372 Figure 139: Add User tab of SM, example..................................................................... 373 Figure 140: RJ-11 pinout for the override plug .............................................................. 374 Figure 141: Categorical protocol filtering ....................................................................... 377 Figure 142: Session Status tab data, example .............................................................. 409 Figure 143: Event Log tab data, example...................................................................... 411 Figure 144: Network Interface tab of AP, example ........................................................ 413 Figure 145: Network Interface tab of SM, example........................................................ 413 Figure 146: Scheduler tab of SM, example ................................................................... 414 Figure 147: SM Registration Failures tab of AP, example ............................................. 415 Figure 148: Bridging Table tab of AP, example ............................................................. 416 Figure 149: Translation Table tab of SM, example ........................................................ 417 Figure 150: Ethernet tab of AP, example....................................................................... 418 Figure 151: Radio tab of Statistics page in SM, example .............................................. 420 Figure 152: VLAN tab of AP, example........................................................................... 422 Figure 153: Data VC tab of SM, example ...................................................................... 423 Figure 154: Filter tab on SM, example .......................................................................... 425 Figure 155: Nat Stats tab on SM, example.................................................................... 426 Figure 156: NAT DHCP Statistics tab in SM, example .................................................. 426 Figure 157: Alignment tab of BHS, example.................................................................. 429 Figure 158: Link Capacity Test tab with 1522-byte packet length, example................... 432 Figure 159: Link Capacity Test tab with 64-byte packet length, example....................... 433 Figure 160: AP Evaluation tab of SM, example ............................................................. 435 Figure 161: Frame Calculator tab, example .................................................................. 439 Figure 162: Calculated Frame Results section of Frame Calculator tab, example ......... 442 Figure 163: SM Configuration tab of AP, example......................................................... 443 Figure 164: BER Results tab of SM, example ............................................................... 444 Figure 165: Example ftp session to transfer custom logo file......................................... 448 Figure 166: Example telnet session to activate custom logo file .................................... 449 Figure 167: Example telnet session to clear custom files .............................................. 450
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review Figure 168: Protocol analysis at SM.............................................................................. 453 Figure 169: Protocol analysis at AP or BH not connected to a CMM ............................. 454 Figure 170: Protocol analysis at AP or BH connected to a CMM ................................... 455 Figure 171: IP tab of SM with NAT disabled and local accessibility ............................... 456 Figure 172: Local Area Connection Properties window ................................................. 457 Figure 173: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window ............................................ 457 Figure 174: Ethereal Capture Options window .............................................................. 458 Figure 175: Ethereal Capture window ........................................................................... 459 Figure 176: <capture> - Ethereal window, Packet 1 selected ........................................ 460 Figure 177: <capture> - Ethereal window, Packet 14 selected ...................................... 461 Figure 178: NAT Table tab of SM, example .................................................................. 467 Figure 179: NAT DHCP Statistics tab of SM, example .................................................. 468 Figure 180: Event Log tab of SM, example ................................................................... 470
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Canopy User Guide organization scheme ......................................................... 36 Table 2: Examples of where to find information in this user guide ................................... 37 Table 3: Locations of screen captures and associated documentation ............................ 38 Table 4: Font types ......................................................................................................... 41 Table 5: Admonition types............................................................................................... 41 Table 6: Essential user guide elements for new backhaul network implementation ......... 47 Table 7: Power supply descriptions................................................................................. 55 Table 8: Recommended outdoor UTP Category 5E cables ............................................. 57 Table 9: Recommended indoor UTP Category 5E cables ............................................... 58 Table 10: Recommended antenna cables ....................................................................... 58 Table 11: Product applications per frequency band range............................................... 60 Table 12: Products with encryption options available per frequency band, PTMP links ... 61 Table 13: Typical range and throughput per frequency band, PTMP links ....................... 62 Table 14: Typical range and throughput per frequency band, PTP links.......................... 63 Table 15: Cluster management product similarities and differences ................................ 63 Table 16: Canopy applications and tools......................................................................... 65 Table 17: Correct placement of license keys................................................................... 70 Table 18: CMM2 specifications and limitations................................................................ 71 Table 19: CMMmicro specifications and limitations ......................................................... 72 Table 20: Canopy model numbers .................................................................................. 78 Table 21: Labels and locations of model (part) numbers and ESNs ................................ 79 Table 22: Characteristics of hardware scheduling ........................................................... 89 Table 23: Effect of 2X operation on throughput for the SM .............................................. 90 Table 24: Effects of network conditions on PTMP throughput ....................................... 100 Table 25: Comparison of SM products with Canopy Advantage AP .............................. 100 Table 26: Canopy features............................................................................................ 107 Table 27: Demonstration Kit part numbers .................................................................... 121 Table 28: Starter Kit part numbers ................................................................................ 124 Table 29: Signal quality levels indicated by jitter ........................................................... 134 Table 30: Recommended courses of action based on Efficiency in 2X operation .......... 135 Table 31: Example 900-MHz channel assignment by sector ......................................... 140
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review Table 32: Example 2.4-GHz channel assignment by sector .......................................... 141 Table 33: Example 5.2-GHz channel assignment by sector .......................................... 141 Table 34: Example 5.4-GHz channel assignment by sector .......................................... 141 Table 35: Example 5.7-GHz channel assignment by sector .......................................... 142 Table 36: VLAN filters in point-to-multipoint modules .................................................... 166 Table 37: Exposure separation distances...................................................................... 169 Table 38: Calculated exposure distances and power compliance margins .................... 170 Table 39: Statistical incidence of current from lightning strikes...................................... 172 Table 40: LEDs in AP and BHM .................................................................................... 179 Table 41: LEDs in SM and BHS .................................................................................... 179 Table 42: Port Configuration selections for CMMmicro.................................................. 226 Table 43: When changes become effective in CMMmicro ............................................. 230 Table 44: Control slot settings for all APs in cluster....................................................... 243 Table 45: Recommended combined settings for typical operations ............................... 293 Table 46: Where feature values are obtained for an SM with authentication required ... 293 Table 47: Where feature values are obtained for an SM with authentication disabled ... 294 Table 48: Total gain per antenna................................................................................... 327 Table 49: Patch antenna and reflector gain................................................................... 327 Table 50: Transmitter output power settings, example cases ........................................ 328 Table 51: Wire size for CMMmicro power runs of longer than 9 feet (2.8 m) ................. 342 Table 52: Hardware series by MAC address ................................................................. 365 Table 53: Hardware series differences .......................................................................... 366 Table 54: AP/BH compatibility with CMMmicro.............................................................. 366 Table 55: Ports filtered per protocol selections.............................................................. 378 Table 56: Example times to download for typical tiers of service with Canopy AP ......... 382 Table 57: Example times to download for typical tiers of service with Advantage AP .... 383 Table 58: Categories of MIB-II objects .......................................................................... 387 Table 59: Canopy Enterprise MIB objects for APs, SMs, and BHs ................................ 389 Table 60: Canopy Enterprise MIB objects for APs and BH timing masters .................... 392 Table 61: Canopy Enterprise MIB objects for SMs and BH timing slaves ...................... 396 Table 62: Canopy Enterprise MIB objects for CMMmicros ............................................ 399 Table 63: PTP 400 and PTP 600 series bridge MIB objects .......................................... 402 Table 64: Event Log messages for abnormal events..................................................... 412 Table 65: Event Log messages for normal events......................................................... 412
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review Table 66: Basic site information for technical support.................................................... 476 Table 67: Supported telnet commands for module administration ................................. 485 Table 68: US FCC IDs and Industry Canada Certification Numbers and Covered Configurations ........................................................................................................ 488 Table 69: Disclosure Table............................................................................................ 495
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review LIST OF PROCEDURES Procedure 1: Modifying a fixed license key for a module IP address ............................. 114 Procedure 2: Analyzing the spectrum............................................................................ 131 Procedure 3: Reducing transmitter output power .......................................................... 152 Procedure 4: Wrapping the cable .................................................................................. 175 Procedure 5: Setting up the AP for Quick Start ............................................................. 184 Procedure 6: Bypassing proxy settings to access module web pages ........................... 185 Procedure 7: Using Quick Start to configure a standalone AP for test ........................... 187 Procedure 8: Setting up the SM for test......................................................................... 192 Procedure 9: Retrying to establish a point-to-multipoint link .......................................... 193 Procedure 10: Verifying and recording information from SMs........................................ 200 Procedure 11: Verifying and recording information from the AP .................................... 203 Procedure 12: Setting up the BH for Quick Start ........................................................... 204 Procedure 13: Using Quick Start to configure the BHs for test ...................................... 206 Procedure 14: Setting up the BHS for test..................................................................... 208 Procedure 15: Verifying and recording information from the BHS.................................. 212 Procedure 16: Verifying and recording information from the BHM ................................. 215 Procedure 17: Setting up a CMMmicro.......................................................................... 217 Procedure 18: Setting CMMmicro parameters for test................................................... 225 Procedure 19: Installing the AP..................................................................................... 332 Procedure 20: Mounting the GPS antenna.................................................................... 334 Procedure 21: Mounting the CMM2............................................................................... 336 Procedure 22: Cabling the CMM2 ................................................................................. 337 Procedure 23: Verifying CMM2 connections ................................................................. 340 Procedure 24: Mounting the CMMmicro........................................................................ 341 Procedure 25: Installing the Power Supply for the CMMmicro....................................... 342 Procedure 26: Cabling the CMMmicro .......................................................................... 342 Procedure 27: Verifying CMMmicro connections........................................................... 343 Procedure 28: Installing the SM .................................................................................... 344 Procedure 29: Verifying performance for an AP-SM link ............................................... 347 Procedure 30: Installing the BHM.................................................................................. 352 Procedure 31: Installing the BHS .................................................................................. 354
March 200 Through Software Release 6. Draft 5 for Regulatory Review Procedure 32: Verifying performance for a BH link........................................................ 355 Procedure 33: Verifying system functionality................................................................. 359 Procedure 34: Using the Spectrum Analyzer in AP feature ........................................... 365 Procedure 35: Extending network sync ......................................................................... 367 Procedure 36: Fabricating an override plug................................................................... 374 Procedure 37: Regaining access to a module ............................................................... 374 Procedure 38: Using the override switch to regain access to CMMmicro ...................... 375 Procedure 39: Installing the Canopy Enterprise MIB files .............................................. 388 Procedure 40: Performing a Link Capacity Test ............................................................ 433 Procedure 41: Using the Frame Calculator ................................................................... 441 Procedure 42: Replacing the Canopy logo on the GUI with another logo ...................... 447 Procedure 43: Changing the URL of the logo hyperlink................................................. 449 Procedure 44: Returning a module to its original logo and hyperlink ............................. 449 Procedure 45: Denying all remote access ..................................................................... 451 Procedure 46: Reinstating remote access capability ..................................................... 451 Procedure 47: Setting up a protocol analyzer................................................................ 456 Procedure 48: Troubleshooting loss of connectivity ...................................................... 465 Procedure 49: Troubleshooting loss of connectivity for NAT/DHCP-configured SM ...... 466 Procedure 50: Troubleshooting SM failing to register to an AP ..................................... 468 Procedure 51: Troubleshooting BHS failing to register to a BHM .................................. 469 Procedure 52: Troubleshooting loss of sync.................................................................. 470 Procedure 53: Troubleshooting loss of Ethernet connectivity ........................................ 471 Procedure 54: Troubleshooting failure to power up ....................................................... 472 Procedure 55: Troubleshooting failure of power supply to produce power..................... 472 Procedure 56: Troubleshooting CMM2 that malfunctions .............................................. 473 Procedure 57: Troubleshooting CMM2 not passing sync .............................................. 473 Procedure 58: Troubleshooting an unsuccessful software upgrade............................... 474 Procedure 59: Restoring the web interface to a module ................................................ 474
Release 8 Guide To This User Guide March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 31 GGGGGGUUUUUUIIIIIIDDDDDDEEEEEE TTTTTTOOOOOO TTTTTTHHHHHHIIIIIISSSSSS UUUUUUSSSSSSEEEEEERRRRRR GGGGGGUUUUUUIIIIIIDDDDDDEEEEEE
Release 8 Guide To This User Guide March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 33 1 NEW IN THIS ISSUE 1.1 NEW PRODUCTS AND FEATURES DESCRIBED IN ISSUE 2 Issue 2 adds the following products and features ◦ Release 8.2 features, including US and Canada DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) support for 5.4 GHz modules ◦ Canopy OFDM in the 5.4 GHz band 1.2 NEW DESCRIPTIONS AND REVISIONS IN ISSUE 2 This section is a placeholder where other new descriptions, as wells as clarifications and corrections, will be listed in future issues. 1.3 MOTOwi4 PORTFOLIO The MOTOwi4™ portfolio of wireless broadband solutions provides a range of flexible, mix-and-match options including ◦ wi4 Fixed − Canopy unlicensed point-to-multipoint solutions − Point-to-point solutions, including − PTP 100 series Canopy backhauls − PTP 400 and PTP 600 series bridges − Expedience licensed point-to-multipoint solutions ◦ wi4 Indoor − Broadband over Powerline (BPL) solutions − Enterprise Wireless LAN (WLAN) solutions ◦ wi4 Mesh, including the MOTOMESH series of products ◦ wi4 WiMAX, including infrastructure, CPE and devices, services, and IP core 1.4 PRODUCTS COVERED BY THIS USER GUIDE Products covered by this user guide include ◦ Canopy Access Points (APs), Subscriber Modules (SMs), and Backhauls (BHs) in the following frequency bands: − 900 MHz − 2.4 GHz − 5.1 GHz − 5.2 GHz − 5.4 GHz − 5.7 GHz ◦ Canopy OFDM APs and SMs in the 5.4 GHz band ◦ Cluster Management Module micro (CMMmicro) ◦ Surge Suppressor ◦ Canopy 900 MHz Indoor SMs
Release 8 Guide To This User Guide March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 34 1.5 PRODUCTS NOT COVERED BY THIS USER GUIDE Canopy products with their own user guides include ◦ Cluster Management Module 4 (CMM4) ◦ Canopy LENS All the non-Canopy wi4 products and solutions are covered by their own user guides and documentation. 1.6 SOFTWARE COMPATIBILITY DESCRIBED IN THIS USER GUIDE The following sections of this document provide details and caveats about the compatibility of Canopy products: ◦ Designations for Hardware on Page 365 ◦ CMMmicro Software and Hardware Compatibility on Page 366 ◦ MIB File Set Compatibility on Page 367
Release 8 Guide To This User Guide March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 35 2 USING THIS USER GUIDE This document should be used with Canopy features through Software Release 8.2, Canopy OFDM, and CMMmicro Release 2.2.1. The audience for this document includes system operators, network administrators, and equipment installers. 2.1 FINDING THE INFORMATION YOU NEED 2.1.1 Becoming Familiar with This User Guide This is a guide to the guide. A high-level overview of the guide and some examples of where to look provide insight into how information is arranged and labeled. The Table of Contents provides not only a sequential index of topics but also a visual glance at the organization of topics in this guide. A few minutes spent with the Table of Contents in either the paper or the electronic version of this guide can save much more time in finding information now and in the future. The List of Procedures may be especially useful in the paper version of this guide, particularly where you mark those procedures that you wish to frequently see. In contrast, the List of Figures and List of Tables are most useful for automated searches on key words in the electronic version of this guide. If a match is present, the match is the first instance that the search finds.
Release 8 Guide To This User Guide March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 36 Quick Reference The Canopy User Guide comprises six sections, as described in Table 1. Table 1: Canopy User Guide organization scheme Section Purpose Guide to This User Guide (this section) Identifies ◦ products covered by this user guide. ◦ products covered by their own separate user guides. ◦ how this user guide is organized. ◦ where to find module web pages and parameter descriptions. ◦ what the various typefaces and admonitions indicate. ◦ how to contact Canopy. Overview of Canopy Networks Provides ◦ references to RF and networking theory. ◦ a list of sections to see if you are building only a backhaul network. ◦ overviews and comparisons of Canopy products and how they communicate. ◦ descriptions of data handling and synchronization. ◦ a review of Canopy optional features. ◦ resources for developing familiarity and proficiencies with Canopy networks. Planning Guide Provides essential information for ◦ evaluating an area for a Canopy network. ◦ specifying the IP addresses and frequency band ranges to use for each type of link. Installation and Configuration Guide Provides systematic approaches for ◦ avoiding hazards from RF and natural causes. ◦ testing, storing, and deploying Canopy equipment. Operations Guide Provides guidance for ◦ expanding network coverage. ◦ improving the security of Canopy wireless links. ◦ distributing bandwidth resources. ◦ monitoring and changing variables through SNMP. Reference Information Provides supplemental information such as ◦ authorizations, approvals, and notices. ◦ a bibliography of adjunctive information sources. ◦ a history of changes in Canopy documentation. Glossary Defines terms and concepts that are used in this user guide.
Release 8 Guide To This User Guide March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 37 Examples A list of common tasks and references to information that supports each task is provided in Table 2. Table 2: Examples of where to find information in this user guide If you want to know… then see… because… Avoiding Self Interference on Page 151 this topic is important to RF planning. what the Spectrum Analyzer in SM and BHS feature does Monitoring the RF Environment on Page 363 this topic is also important to managing the network. what types of slots compose the Canopy frame Understanding Bandwidth Management on Page 81 this information is helpful for understanding Canopy networks. how to calculate whether an object will interfere with a signal Noting Possible Obstructions in the Fresnel Zone on Page 132 this topic is important to RF planning. Cables on Page 35 cables are accessory components. how long a cable you can use from the GPS antenna to the CMM Procedure 20 on Page 334 or Procedure 24 on Page 341 the advisory applies to mounting GPS antennas and CMMs. how to react to a WatchDog Event Log message Messages that Flag Abnormal Events on Page 412 and Messages that Flag Normal Events on Page 412 together, these two sections document all significant Event Log messages. what beam angle the passive reflector dish produces Specifications and Limitations on Page 70, then downward to a table for a Canopy Part Number that includes “RF.” the beam angle is a specification. how to aim the passive reflector dish Installing a Reflector Dish on Page 350 aiming is associated with Backhaul Module installation. how to set Differentiated Services values so that traffic with original ToS byte formatting continues to be prioritized as it was before DSCP fields. High-priority Bandwidth on Page 86 DSCP fields specify the level of priority that the device is requesting for the packet.
Release 8 Guide To This User Guide March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 38 2.1.2 Searching This User Guide To search this document and the software release notes of supported releases, look in the Table of Contents for the topic and in the Adobe Reader® search capability for keywords that apply.1 These searches are most effective when you begin the search from the cover page because the first matches may be in titles of sections, figures, tables, or procedures. 2.1.3 Finding Parameter and Field Definitions for Module Web Pages Because this user guide is sequentially arranged to support tasks, and various tasks require different settings and readings, parameter and field definitions are scattered according to the tasks that they support. The locations of these are provided in Table 3. Table 3: Locations of screen captures and associated documentation Tab or Web Page Displayed Page Add User tab of SM, example 373 Alignment tab of BHS, example 429 AP Evaluation tab of SM, example 435 BER Results tab of SM, example 444 Bridging Table tab of AP, example 416 Calculated Frame Results section of Frame Calculator tab, example 442 Configuration page of CMMmicro, example 224 DiffServe tab of AP, example 256 DiffServe tab of BHM, example 308 DiffServe tab of BHS, example 324 DiffServe tab of SM, example 287 Ethernet tab of AP, example 418 Event Log tab data, example 411 Event Log tab of SM, example 470 Frame Calculator tab, example 439 General Status tab of AP, example 201 General Status tab of BHM, example 213 General Status tab of BHS, example 210 General Status tab of SM, example 198 General Status tab view for GUEST-level account 372 General tab of AP, example 236 General tab of BHM, example 295 General tab of BHS, example 312 1 Reader is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Incorporated.
Release 8 Guide To This User Guide March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 39 Tab or Web Page Displayed Page General tab of SM, example 260 GPS Status page of CMMmicro, example 231 IP tab of AP, example 239 IP tab of BHM, example 298 IP tab of BHS, example 315 IP tab of SM with NAT disabled and local accessibility 456 IP tab of SM with NAT disabled, example 266 IP tab of SM with NAT enabled, example 272 LAN IP Address tab of AP, example 189 Link Capacity Test tab with 1522-byte packet length, example 432 Link Capacity Test tab with 64-byte packet length, example 433 NAT DHCP Statistics tab of SM, example 468 NAT Port Mapping tab of SM, example 290 NAT tab of SM with NAT disabled, example 263 NAT tab of SM with NAT enabled, example 268 NAT Table tab of SM, example 467 PDA Aim tab of SM, example 332 PDA AP Evaluation tab of SM, example 332 PDA Information tab of SM, example 331 PDA Quick Status tab, example 330 PDA Spectrum Analyzer tab of SM, example 330 PDA Spectrum Results tab of SM, example 331 Port MIB page of CMMmicro, example 232 Protocol Filtering tab of SM, example 289 Quality of Service (QoS) tab of AP, example 249 Quality of Service (QoS) tab of BHS, example 321 Quality of Service (QoS) tab of SM, example 279 Quick Start tab of AP, example 186 Quick Start tab of BHM, example 205 Radio Frequency Carrier tab of AP, example 187 Radio tab of AP (900 MHz), example 241 Radio tab of BHM, example 300 Radio tab of BHS, example 317 Radio tab of SM, example 273
Release 8 Guide To This User Guide March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 40 Tab or Web Page Displayed Page Remote Subscribers tab of AP, example 197 Remote Subscribers tab of BHM, example 209 Review and Save Configuration tab of AP, example 190 Scheduler tab of SM, example 414 Security tab of AP, example 251 Security tab of BHM, example 306 Security tab of BHS, example 322 Security tab of SM, example 282 Session Status tab data from AP, example 193 Session Status tab data, example 409 SM Configuration tab of AP, example 443 SM Registration Failures tab of AP, example 415 SNMP tab of AP, example 246 SNMP tab of BHM, example 303 SNMP tab of BHS, example 319 SNMP tab of SM, example 276 Spectrum Analyzer tab of SM, example 364 Status page of CMMmicro, example 221 Synchronization tab of AP, example 188 Time tab of AP, example 191 Time tab of BHM, example 207 Unit Settings tab of AP, example 258 Unit Settings tab of BHM, example 310 Unit Settings tab of BHS, example 325 Unit Settings tab of SM, example 291 VLAN Membership tab of AP, example 255 VLAN Membership tab of SM, example 286 VLAN tab of AP, example 253 VLAN tab of SM, example 284
Release 8 Guide To This User Guide March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 41 2.2 INTERPRETING TYPEFACE AND OTHER CONVENTIONS This document employs distinctive fonts to indicate the type of information, as described in Table 4. Table 4: Font types Font Type of Information variable width bold Selectable option in a graphical user interface or settable parameter in the web-based interface to a Canopy component. constant width regular Literal system response in a command-line interface. constant width italic Variable system response in a command-line interface. constant width bold Literal user input in a command-line interface. constant width bold italic Variable user input in a command-line interface. This document employs specific imperative terminology as follows: ◦ Type means press the following characters. ◦ Enter means type the following characters and then press Enter. This document also employs a set of consistently used admonitions. Each of these types of admonitions has a general purpose that underlies the specific information in the box. These purposes are indicated in Table 5. Table 5: Admonition types Admonition Label General Message NOTE: informative content that may ◦ defy common or cursory logic. ◦ describe a peculiarity of the Canopy implementation. ◦ add a conditional caveat. ◦ provide a reference. ◦ explain the reason for a preceding statement or provide prerequisite background for what immediately follows. RECOMMENDATION: suggestion for an easier, quicker, or safer action or practice.
Release 8 Guide To This User Guide March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 42 Admonition Label General Message IMPORTANT! informative content that may ◦ identify an indication that you should watch for. ◦ advise that your action can disturb something that you may not want disturbed. ◦ reiterate something that you presumably know but should always remember. CAUTION! a notice that the risk of harm to equipment or service exists. WARNING! a notice that the risk of harm to person exists. 2.3 GETTING ADDITIONAL HELP Help is available for problems with supported products and features. Obtaining Technical Support on Page 475 provides the sequence of actions that you should take if these problems arise. 2.4 SENDING FEEDBACK We welcome your feedback on Canopy system documentation. This includes feedback on the structure, content, accuracy, or completeness of our documents, and any other comments you have. Send your comments to technical-documentation@canopywireless.com.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 43 OOOVVVEEERRRVVVIIIEEEWWW OOOFFF CCCAAANNNOOOPPPYYY NNNEEETTTWWWOOORRRKKKSSS
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 45 3 ADVANCING FROM RESEARCH TO IMPLEMENTATION Before you begin to research a possible Canopy implementation, you should have both ◦ basic knowledge of RF theory. See − Understanding RF Fundamentals on Page 117. − Engineering Your RF Communications on Page 129. ◦ network experience. See − Canopy Link Characteristics on Page 81. − Understanding IP Fundamentals on Page 117. − Engineering Your IP Communications on Page 155.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 47 4 REALIZING A WIRELESS BACKHAUL NETWORK Canopy backhaul modules (BHs) can connect Canopy access point clusters to the point of presence or be the backbone of a Metro WiFi mesh network. In other applications, the backhaul modules can be used to provide connectivity for ◦ cell sites, in lieu of leased T1/E1 telecommunications lines. ◦ buildings in corporate or institutional campuses. ◦ remote sites, including temporary sites set up for relief efforts. These BHs are available in 10- or 20-Mbps modulation rates from the factory. The rate is distinguished as BH10 or BH20 in the Software Version field of the General Status tab (in the Home page) of the module GUI. For these and any other backhaul networks, Table 6 provides a quick reference to information that you would need to establish and maintain the Canopy wireless backhaul network. Table 6: Essential user guide elements for new backhaul network implementation Element Title Page Section 1.5 Products Not Covered by This User Guide 34 Section 5.1.8 Canopy Backhaul Module 52 Section 5.1.11 Cluster Management Module-2 (Part 1008CK-2) 53 Section 5.1.12 Cluster Management Module micro (Part 1070CK) 54 Table 14 Typical range and throughput per frequency band, PTP links 63 Section 8.2 BH-BH Links 99 Figure 30 Typical multiple-BH network layout 104 Section 12.2 Analyzing the RF Environment 131 Section 12.5 Considering Frequency Band 136 Section 15 Avoiding Hazards 169 Section 16.4 Configuring a Point-to-Point Link for Test 204 Section 17 Preparing Components for Deployment 233 Section 18.4 Configuring a BH Timing Master for the Destination 294 Section 18.5 Configuring a BH Timing Slave for the Destination 312 Section 19.4 Installing a GPS Antenna 334 Section 19.5 Installing a CMM2 335 Section 19.6 Installing a CMMmicro 340 Section 19.9 Installing a Reflector Dish 350 Section 19.10 Installing a BH Timing Master 352 Section 19.11 Installing a BH Timing Slave 354 Section 19.13 Verifying a BH Link 355
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 48 Section 21.2.2 CMMmicro Software and Hardware Compatibility 366 Section 22.2 Encrypting Canopy Radio Transmissions 369 Section 22.3 Managing Module Access 371 Section 24.6 Objects Supported in the Canopy 30/60-Mbps BH 403 Section 24.7 Objects Supported in the Canopy 150/300-Mbps BH 403 Section 24.10 Traps Provided in the PTP 400 Series Bridge MIB 404 Section 24.11 Traps Provided in the PTP 600 Series Bridge MIB 404 Section 25 Using the Canopy Network Updater Tool (CNUT) 407 Section 28.3 Typical Contents of Release Notes 445 Section 28.4 Typical Upgrade Process 445 Section 31.2 Analyzing Traffic at an AP or BH with No CMM 454 Section 31.3 Analyzing Traffic at an AP or BH with a CMM 454 Section 32 Troubleshooting 463 Section 33 Obtaining Technical Support 475 Section 34 Getting Warranty 481
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 49 5 EXPLORING THE SCOPE OF SOLUTIONS Canopy wireless broadband applications include: ◦ local area network (LAN) extensions ◦ Internet subscriber service ◦ high-bandwidth point-to-point connections ◦ multicast video (for instruction or training, for example) ◦ private branch exchange (PBX) extensions ◦ point-to-multipoint data backhaul ◦ redundant network backup ◦ video surveillance ◦ voice over IP (VoIP) ◦ TDM over Ethernet (for legacy voice and data) 5.1 COMPONENTS Canopy networks use some or all of the following components. For the components that provide a graphical user interface (GUI), access to the GUI is through a web browser. In Release 8 and later, cascading style sheets (CSS) configure the GUI. Thus an operator is able to customize the GUI by editing these style sheets. 5.1.1 Canopy Access Point Module and Canopy OFDM Access Point Module The Canopy Access Point (AP) module provides broadband connectivity in a 60° sector. The Canopy OFDM AP provides broadband connectivity in a 90° sector. Either supports up to 200 subscribers and 4,096 MAC addresses, which may be directly-connected PCs, IP appliances, gateways, Subscriber Modules (SMs), and the AP, except that no limit applies behind subscriber network address translation (NAT) gateways. The AP is configurable through a web interface. A Canopy AP can only communicate with a Canopy SM, not also an Advantage SM or a Canopy Lite SM. A Canopy OFDM AP can only communicate with a Canopy OFDM SM. 5.1.2 Advantage Access Point Module The Canopy Advantage AP distributes services as broadly as the Canopy AP. However, the Advantage AP provides greater throughput and less latency. Each tab in the GUI for Canopy Advantage modules displays the distinctive branding shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Canopy Advantage Platform GUI logo The Advantage AP communicates with all Canopy SMs in its frequency band range: Canopy SMs, Advantage SMs, and Canopy Lite SMs.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 50 5.1.3 Canopy Access Point Cluster and Canopy OFDM Access Point Cluster Figure 2: Pole-mounted AP cluster An AP cluster covers as much as 360°. The Canopy FSK AP cluster consists of two to six APs that provide broadband connectivity to 1,200 or fewer subscribers. Each AP transmits and receives in a 60° sector. The Canopy OFDM AP cluster consists of two to four APs that provide broadband connectivity to 800 or fewer subscribers. Each AP transmits and receives in a 90° sector. The variety of available APs, Advantage APs, and OFDM APs in frequency band range, power adjustability, and antenna configuration is shown under Acquiring a Canopy Demonstration Kit, beginning on Page 117. An AP cluster is pictured in Figure 2. An OFDM AP, showing the antenna in front and the radio attached to it, is pictured in Figure 3. Figure 3: OFDM AP - Antenna and Radio 5.1.4 Canopy Subscriber Module The Subscriber Module (SM) is a customer premises equipment (CPE) device that provides broadband services through communication with an AP. The SM is configurable through a web interface. The variety of available SMs, Advantage SMs, and OFDM SMs in frequency band range, power adjustability, and antenna configuration is shown under Acquiring a Canopy Demonstration Kit, beginning on Page 117. Figure 4: Structure-mounted SM
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 51 A Canopy SM can communicate with either a Canopy AP or an Advantage AP. A Canopy OFDM SM can communicate with only a Canopy OFDM AP. An SM mounted directly to a structure is pictured in Figure 4. An OFDM SM is shown in Figure 5 in both front and side views. Figure 5: OFDM SM, front and side views 5.1.5 Advantage Subscriber Module The Canopy Advantage SM provides the same configurability and services as the Canopy SM. However, in a link with an Advantage AP, the Advantage SM provides uncapped sustained 2X throughput. See 2X Operation on Page 89. An Advantage SM can only communicate with an Advantage AP. 5.1.6 Canopy Lite Subscriber Module Canopy Lite SMs cost less and provide less throughput than regular Canopy SMs. They support the same radio frequencies, interference tolerance, and product reliability. They give operators the additional option to serve cost-sensitive customers who want standard services (web browsing, email, VoIP, and downloads), but do not require the higher throughput that is available with a regular Canopy SM. Canopy Lite SMs support an aggregate(uplink plus downlink) throughput of 512 kbps. Through purchased floating licenses that Prizm manages, they are upgradeable to 1, 2, 4, or 7 Mbps aggregate throughput. A Canopy Lite SM can communicate with only a Canopy Advantage AP. A comparison of the Canopy Lite SM to the Canopy SM and Advantage SM is provided in Table 25 on Page 100.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 52 5.1.7 900-MHz AP and SM Canopy 900 MHz AP and SM modules operate at a 3.3 Mbps carrier rate (compared to 10 Mbps for other Canopy frequency bands). Figure 6: Examples of flat panel antennas with 900-MHz modules These 900-MHz modules run the same software and provide the same parameters, network features, and connections as all other Canopy APs and SMs. The physics of longer-wavelength 900 MHz, the power allowed by regulatory authorities, and the low required level of Canopy Carrier-to-Interference (C/I) ratio combine to support ◦ line of sight (LOS) range of up to 40 miles (over 64 km) ◦ increased non-line of sight (NLOS) range, depending on RF considerations such as foliage, topography, and obstructions. When collocated with a Canopy SM of another frequency band range, the 900-MHz AP may serve, without a tower or BH, as a remote AP (see Deploying a Remote AP on Page 147). 900-MHz AP/SM links are logical choices for extending radio networks where you wish to ◦ add subscriber-handling capacity to a tower that is either − fully used in the other frequency band ranges. − not available to any other frequency band range. ◦ reach sparsely populated areas. ◦ penetrate foliage. ◦ add a remote AP behind an SM that operates in another frequency band range.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 53 5.1.8 Canopy 5.1.9 Backhaul Module A pair of Backhaul Modules (BHs) provide point-to-point connectivity as either ◦ a standalone link ◦ a link through a cluster management module to an AP cluster. You must configure a BH as either a timing master (BHM) or timing slave (BHS). The BHM provides synchronization signal (sync) to the BHS. A BH mounted to a passive reflector dish is pictured in Figure 7. Carrier applications for these modules include reaching remote AP clusters, interconnecting campus buildings or remote branch offices, extending private branch exchange (PBX) circuits, backhauling cell sites, and extending central office T1s/E1s. These BHs are supported by this user guide. See Realizing a Wireless Backhaul Network on Page 47. Figure 7: Dish-mounted 10- or 20-Mbps BH 5.1.10 Radio Adjustable Power Capabilities Canopy offers adjustable power radios in all frequency bands.See Adjusting Transmitter Output Power on Page 326 to ensure that your radios do not exceed the maximum permitted EIRP. 5.1.11 Cluster Management Module-2 (Part 1008CK-2) The Cluster Management Module-2 (CMM2) provides power, GPS timing from an antenna that is included, and networking connections for an AP cluster. The CMM2 can also connect to a BH, in which case the CMM2 is the central point of connectivity for the entire site. The CMM2 can connect as many as eight collocated modules—APs, BHMs, BHSs—and an Ethernet feed. The CMM2 requires two cables for each connected module: ◦ One provides Ethernet communications and power. This cable terminates in an RJ-45 connector. ◦ The other provides synchronization (sync), GPS status, and time and date in a serial interface. This cable terminates in an RJ-11 connector. A CMM2 is pictured in Figure 8. A CMM2 as part of a mounted Canopy system is pictured in Figure 9.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 54 Figure 8: CMM2 enclosure Figure 9: CMM2 pole-mounted 5.1.12 Cluster Management Module micro (Part 1070CK) The Cluster Management Module micro (CMMmicro) provides power, GPS timing, and networking connections for an AP cluster. Unlike the CMM2, the CMMmicro is configurable through a web interface. The CMMmicro contains an 8-port managed switch that supports Power over Ethernet (PoE) on each port and connects any combination of APs, BHMs, BHSs, or Ethernet feed. Canopy PoE differs from 803.3af PoE, and the two should not be intermixed. The CMMmicro can auto-negotiate speed to match inputs that are either 100Base-TX or 10Base-T, and either full duplex or half duplex, where the connected device is set to auto-negotiate. Alternatively, these parameters are settable. A CMMmicro requires only one cable, terminating in an RJ-45 connector, for each connected module to distribute ◦ Ethernet signaling. ◦ power to as many as 8 collocated modules—APs, BHMs, or BHSs. Through a browser interface to the managed switch, ports can be powered or not. ◦ sync to APs and BHMs. The CMMmicro receives 1-pulse per second timing information from Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites through an antenna (included) and passes the timing pulse embedded in the 24-V power to the connected modules. GPS status information is available at the CMMmicro, however ◦ CMMmicro provides time and date information to BHMs and APs if both the CMMmicro is operating on CMMmicro Release 2.1 or later and the AP/BHM is operating on Canopy System Release 4.2 or later. See Time Tab of the AP on Page 191. ◦ CMMmicro does not provide time and date information to BHMs and APs if either the CMMmicro is operating on a release earlier than CMMmicro Release 2.1 or the AP/BHM is operating on a release earlier than Canopy System Release 4.2.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 55 5.1.13 GPS Antenna The Motorola GPS antenna provides either ◦ timing pulses to the CMMmicro. ◦ timing pulses and positioning information to the CMM2. The GPS antenna is pictured in Figure 10. Figure 10: Motorola GPS antenna 5.1.14 Surge Suppressor (Part 600SS) The 600SS Surge Suppressor provides a path to ground (Protective Earth ) that reduces the risk to persons, buildings, and inside equipment from over-currents and over-voltages associated with lightning strikes. A 600SS is pictured in Figure 11. Figure 11: 600SS surge suppressor 5.1.15 Accessory Components In addition to the above modules, the following accessories are available. Power Supplies The various power supplies available for Canopy modules are listed in Table 7. Table 7: Power supply descriptions For Use With Part Number Voltage (AC) Cycles per Second (Hz) Includes ACPS81WA 100 to 240 50 to 60 US IEC line cord CMMmicro ACPS81W-02A 100 to 240 50 to 60 no IEC line cord ACPS110-03A1 120 50 to 60 US plug ACPSSW-09A3 90 to 240 50 to 60 US, Euro, and UK adaptors ACPSSW-10A3 90 to 240 50 to 60 Argentina adaptor ACPSSW-11A3 90 to 240 50 to 60 Australia adaptor Canopy radio2 ACPSSW-12A3 90 to 240 50 to 60 China adaptor NOTES: 1. Pictured in Figure 12. 2. Single transceiver. 3. Pictured in Figure 13.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 56 Figure 12: ACPS110-03A power supply Figure 13: ACPSSW-09A power supply Passive Reflector Dish Assembly A 27RD Passive Reflector Dish on both ends of a BH link extends the distance range of the link and provides a narrower beam width, which can reduce both received and transmitted interference. A 27RD on an SM extends the distance range in some bands (notably 5.7-GHz and 2.4-GHz) and can reduce both received and transmitted interference in all bands. An SMMThe module support tube provides the proper offset focus angle. See Figure 14. For 5.x-GHz radios, the reflector gain is 18dB and the 3 dB beam width is 6° in both azimuth and elevation. For 2.4-GHz radios, the reflector gain is 11dB and the 3 dB beam width is 17° in both azimuth and elevation. Figure 14: 27RD with mounted module
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 57 Module Support Brackets The SMMB1 support bracket facilitates mounting the SM to various surfaces of a structure and has slots through which chimney straps can be inserted. An SMMB1 is pictured in Figure 15. The SMMB2 is a heavy duty mounting bracket that comes with the 900-MHz integrated SM or AP, and with the 27D passive reflector. It is also available separately for use with 900-MHz connectorized SMs and APs, other connectorized modules, and OFDM SMs. The BH1209 is a pole-mount bracket kit for Canopy backhaul modules. Figure 15: SMMB1 SM support bracket Cables Canopy modules that are currently or recently sold can auto-sense whether the Ethernet cable is wired as straight-through or crossover. Some modules that were sold earlier cannot. The MAC address, visible on the module, distinguishes whether the module can. All CMMmicros can auto-sense the cable scheme. Where a non auto-sensing module is deployed ◦ a straight-through cable must be used for connection to a network interface card (NIC). ◦ a crossover cable must be used for connection to a hub, switch, or router. Canopy-recommended Ethernet and sync cables can be ordered in lengths up to 328 ft (100 m) from Best-Tronics Manufacturing, Inc. at http://www.best-tronics.com/motorola.htm. These cables are listed in Table 8 and Table 9. Table 8: Recommended outdoor UTP Category 5E cables Best-Tronics Part # Description BT-0562 RJ-45 TO RJ-45; straight-through Ethernet cable BT-0562S RJ-45 TO RJ-45; shielded straight-through Ethernet cable BT-0565 RJ-45 TO RJ-45; crossover Ethernet cable BT-0565S RJ-45 TO RJ-45; shielded crossover Ethernet cable BT-0563 RJ-11 TO RJ-11; sync cable BT-0563S RJ-11 TO RJ-11; shielded sync cable
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 58 NOTE: Shielded cable is strongly recommended for all AP cluster and BH installations. Table 9: Recommended indoor UTP Category 5E cables Best-Tronics Part # Description BT-0596 RJ-45 TO RJ-45; straight-through Ethernet cable BT-0595 RJ-45 TO RJ-45; crossover Ethernet cable Approved Ethernet cables can also be ordered as bulk cable: ◦ CA-0287 ◦ CA-0287S (shielded) Canopy-approved antenna cables can be ordered in lengths up to 100 ft (30.4 m), as listed in Table 10. Table 10: Recommended antenna cables Best-Tronics Part # Description BT-0564 N TO N GPS antenna cable for CMM2 BT-0716 BNC TO N GPS antenna cable for CMMmicro Category 5 Cable Tester For purchase within the U.S.A., the CTCAT5-01 Cable Tester is available. Override Plug An override plug (sometimes called a default plug) is available to provide access to a module whose password and/or IP address have been forgotten. This plug allows the AP, SM, or BH to be accessed using IP address 169.254.1.1 and no password. During the override session, you can assign any new IP address and set either or both user passwords (display-only and/or full access) as well as make other parameter changes. This plug is available from Best-Tronics Manufacturing, Inc. at http://www.best-tronics.com/motorola.htm as Part BT-0583 (RJ-11 Default Plug). Alternatively if you wish, you can fabricate an override plug. For instructions, see Procedure 36 on Page 374 and the pinout in Figure 140 on Page 374.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 59 Alignment Headset The ACATHS-01 Alignment Headset facilitates the operation of precisely aiming an SM toward an AP (or a BHS toward a BHM). This device produces infinitely variable ◦ pitch, higher when the received signal is stronger. ◦ volume, louder when jitter is less. An ACATHS-01 is pictured in Figure 16. Pinouts for an alternative listening device are provided under Alignment Tone—Technical Details on Page 184. Figure 16: ACATHS-01 alignment headset Module Housing The HSG-01 Canopy Plastic Housing is available for replacement of a damaged housing on a module that is otherwise functional. The HSG-01 is pictured in Figure 17. The HSG-01 and all module housings of this design provide clearances for cable ties on the Ethernet and sync cables. RECOMMENDATION: Use 0.14” (40-lb tensile strength) cable ties to secure the Ethernet and sync cables to the cable guides on the module housing. For the Ethernet cable tie, the Ethernet cable groove is molded lower at the top edge. For the sync cable tie, removal of a breakaway plug provides clearance for the sync cable, and removal of two breakaway side plates provides clearance for the sync cable tie. Figure 17: HSG-01 Housing 5.2 FREQUENCY BAND RANGES In the 2.4-, 5.2-, 5.1-, 5.4-, and 5.7-GHz frequency band ranges, Canopy APs, SMs, and BHs are available. Additionally, in the 900-MHz frequency band range, Canopy APs and SMs are available. National restrictions may apply. See Regulatory and Legal Notices on Page 487. To avoid self-interference, a Canopy network typically uses two or more of these ranges. For example, where properly arranged, all AP clusters and their respective SMs can use the 2.4-GHz range where the BH links use the 5.7-GHz range. In this scenario, subscriber links can span as far as 5 miles (8 km) with no reflector dishes, and the BH links can span as far as 35 miles (56 km) with reflector dishes on both ends.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 60 Within this example network, wherever the 2.4-GHz module is susceptible to interference from other sources, AP clusters and their linked SMs may use the 5.2-GHz range to span as far as 2 miles (3.2 km) with no reflector dishes. The network in this example takes advantage of frequency band range-specific characteristics of Canopy modules as follows: ◦ The 900-MHz modules cover a larger area, albeit with lower throughput, than modules of the other frequency bands. The 900-MHz modules can be used to − penetrate foliage − establish links that span greater distances − add subscribers − add overall throughput where modules of other frequency bands cannot be used (such as where interference would result or space on a tower is limited). ◦ The 2.4-GHz frequency band range supports AP/SM links of greater than 2-mile spans (with no reflectors). ◦ The 5.7-GHz frequency band range supports BH links that span as far as 35 miles. 5.3 CANOPY PRODUCT COMPARISONS 5.3.1 Canopy Product Applications The product applications per frequency band range are is summarized in Table 11. Table 11: Product applications per frequency band range Frequency Band Range Product 900 MHz 2.4 GHz 5.1 GHz 5.2 GHz 5.4 GHz 5.7 GHz 5.4 GHz OFDM Access Point Module ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Subscriber Module ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Subscriber Module with Reflector1 ● ● ● ● Backhaul Module ● ● ● ● ● Backhaul Module with Reflector1 ● ● ● ● ● CMM2 ● ● ● ● ● ● CMMmicro ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 61 Frequency Band Range Product 900 MHz 2.4 GHz 5.1 GHz 5.2 GHz 5.4 GHz 5.7 GHz 5.4 GHz OFDM Power supply ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Surge suppressor ● ● ● ● ● ● ● NOTES: 1. National or regional regulations may limit EIRP to the same as without a reflector, and therefore require Transmit Output Power to be reduced. In these cases ◦ the reflector used with an SM reduces beamwidth to reduce interference, but does not increase the range of the link. ◦ the reflector on both ends of a BH link reduces beamwidth to reduce interference and also increases the range of the link. 5.3.2 Link Performance and Encryption Comparisons Encryption options are summarized in Table 12. Typical Line-of-Site (LOS) range and aggregate useful throughput for Canopy PTMP links are summarized in Table 13. Typical Line-of-Site (LOS) range and aggregate useful throughput for Canopy PTP links are summarized in Table 14. Table 12: Products with encryption options available per frequency band, PTMP links Products available with the following encryption options Frequency Band DES or none AES or none 900 MHz ● ● 2.4 GHz @100 mW (ETSI) ● ● 2.4 GHz @ 1W ● ● 5.1 GHz ● 5.2 GHz ● ● 5.4 GHz ● ● 5.7 GHz ● ● 5.4 GHz OFDM ●
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 62 Table 13: Typical range and throughput per frequency band, PTMP links Advantage AP Canopy AP Range Range Frequency Band no SM Reflector mi (km) with SM Reflector mi (km) Aggregate Throughput Mbps Round- trip Latency msec no SM Reflector mi (km) with SM Reflector mi (km) Aggregate Throughput3 Mbps Round- trip Latency msec 0.3 (0.5) 0.3 (0.5) 1 14 6 2.4 GHz ETSI 0.6 (1) 0.6 (1) 1 7 6 0.6 (1) 0.6 (1) 1 7 20 2.5 (4) 7.5 (12) 14 6 2.4 GHz 5 (8) 15 (24) 7 6 5 (8) 15 (24) 7 20 1 (1.6) na 14 6 5.1 GHz 2 (3.2) na 7 6 2 (3.2) na 7 20 1 (1.6) na2 14 6 5.2 GHz 2 (3.2) na2 7 6 2 (3.2) na2 7 20 1 (1.6) 1 (1.6) 1 14 6 5.4 GHz 2 (3.2) 2 (3.2) 1 7 6 2 (3.2) 2 (3.2)1 7 20 1 (1.6) 5 (8) 14 6 5.7 GHz 2 (3.2) 10 (16) 7 6 2 (3.2) 10 (16) 7 20 900 MHz4 40 (64) na 4 15 1X 5 (8) 7 tbd 2X 2.5 (4) 14 tbd 5.4 GHz OFDM 3X 1.25 (2) 21 tbd NOTES: 2. In Europe, 2.4-GHz ETSI and 5.4-GHz SMs can have a reflector added to focus the antenna pattern and reduce interference, but transmit output power must be reduced to maintain the same EIRP as without a reflector, so the throughput and range specs for PTMP links remain the same. 3. In the USA and Canada, the use of a reflector with a full power radio in the 5.2-GHz frequency band is not allowed. 4. These values assume a hardware series P9 AP running hardware scheduler. When running software scheduler on a series P7, P8, or P9 AP, aggregate throughput drops to 6.2 Mbps, and only 4 Mbps is available to any one SM. (Series P7 and P8 APs can only run software scheduler.) 5. All 900-MHz APs are Advantage APs. GENERAL NOTES: Range is affected by RF conditions, terrain, obstacles, buildings, and vegetation. An Advantage AP in other than 900 MHz has an aggregate (sum of uplink plus downlink) throughput or capacity of 14 Mbps, if RF conditions, range, and SM hardware version permit. An Advantage SM in other than 900 MHz has an aggregate sustained throughput of 14 Mbps if RF conditions and range permit. A regular SM can burst to 14 Mbps if RF conditions and range permit, then run at 7 Mbps sustained throughput. An OFDM SM has an aggregate throughput or capacity of XX Mbps, if RF conditions and range permit.d
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 63 Table 14: Typical range and throughput per frequency band, PTP links Throughput Frequency Band Modulation Rate (Mbps) No Reflectors Both Reflectors 10 7.5 Mbps to 2 km 7.5 Mbps to 16 km 2.4 GHz @100 mW (ETSI) 20 14 Mbps to 1 km 14 Mbps to 8 km 10 7.5 Mbps to 5 mi (8 km) 7.5 Mbps to 35 mi (56 km) 2.4 GHz @ 1W 20 14 Mbps to 3 mi (5 km) 14 Mbps to 35 mi (56 km) 10 7.5 Mbps to 2 mi (3.2 km) 5.1 GHz 20 14 Mbps to 2 mi (3.2 km) 10 7.5 Mbps to 2 mi (3.2 km) 5.2 GHz 20 10 7.5 Mbps to 10 mi (16 km) 5.2 GHz ER 20 14 Mbps to 5 mi (8 km) 10 7.5 Mbps to 2 mi (3.2 km) 7.5 Mbps to 10 mi (16 km)1 5.4 GHz 20 14 Mbps to 1 mi (1.6 km) 14 Mbps to 5 mi (8 km)1 10 7.5 Mbps to 2 mi (3.2 km) 7.5 Mbps to 35 mi (56 km) 5.7 GHz 20 14 Mbps to 1 mi (1.6 km) 14 Mbps to 35 mi (56 km) NOTES: 1. These ranges are with power reduced to within 1 W (30 dBm) EIRP. 2. Use the Link Estimator tool to estimate throughput for a given link. 5.3.3 Cluster Management Product Comparison Canopy offers a choice between two products for cluster management: CMM2 and CMMmicro. Your choice should be based on the installation environment and your requirements. The similarities and differences between these two products are summarized in Table 15. Table 15: Cluster management product similarities and differences Characteristic CMM2 CMMmicro Approximate size 17” H x 13” W x 6.5” D (43 cm H x 33 cm W x 7 cm D) 12” H x 10” W x 3” D (30 cm H x 25 cm W x 8 cm D) Approximate weight 25 lb ( 11.3 kg) 8 lb (3.5 kg) Cabling ◦ one Ethernet/power cable per radio. ◦ one sync cable per radio. one Ethernet/power/sync cable per radio. Canopy network interconnection 8 Ethernet ports 8 Ethernet ports Data throughput auto-negotiates to full or half duplex auto-negotiates to full or half duplex
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 64 Characteristic CMM2 CMMmicro Ethernet operating speed standard auto-negotiates to 10Base-T or 100Base-TX auto-negotiates to 10Base-T or 100Base-TX Additional Ethernet ports one for data feed one for local access (notebook computer) none Power supply integrated 24-V DC to power APs, BHs, and GPS receiver external 24-V DC to power APs, BHs, and GPS receiver SNMP management capability none provided Sync (to prevent self-interference) carried by the additional serial cable to each AP and BHM embedded in power-over-Ethernet cable Time & Date carried by the additional serial cable to each AP and BHM provided by NTP (Network Time Protocol). CMMmicro can be an NTP server. Weatherized enclosure and power supply only the enclosure (not the power supply) Web interface none web pages for status, configuration, GPS status, and other purposes NOTE: Auto-negotiation of data throughput and Ethernet operating speed depend on the connected device being set to auto-negotiate as well. 5.4 ANTENNAS FOR CONNECTION TO 900-MHz MODULES Like the 2.4-, 5.2-, 5.4-, and 5.7-GHz module, the 900-MHz connectorized module has ◦ the same housing. ◦ a covered Ethernet port. ◦ a utility port for alignment headset, sync cable to CMM2, or override plug. The 900-MHz AP or SM is available either ◦ as a connectorized unit with a 16-inch (approximately 40-cm) cable with a male N-type connector for connection to the antenna. ◦ with an integrated horizontally-polarized antenna in a different form factor. 5.4.1 Certified Connectorized Flat Panel Antennas Motorola has certified four connectorized flat panel antenna options. Motorola resells one of these, whose attributes include ◦ gain—10 dBi ◦ dimensions—8.8 x 8.1 x 1.6 inches (22.4 x 20.6 x 4.06 cm) ◦ weight—1.2 lbs (0.54 kg) ◦ polarization—vertical or horizontal ◦ cable—12-inch (30.5 cm)
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 65 ◦ connector—female N-type ◦ beamwidth—approximately 60° vertical and 60° horizontal at 3 dBm Motorola has certified three other antennas, which are available through Canopy resellers. The attributes of one of these other certified antennas include ◦ gain—10 dBi ◦ dimensions—12 x12 x 1 inches (30.5 x 30.5 x 2.5 cm) ◦ weight—3.3 lbs (1.5 kg) ◦ polarization—vertical or horizontal ◦ connector—female N-type ◦ beamwidth—approximately 60° vertical and 60° horizontal at 3 dBm Examples of these antennas are pictured in Figure 6 on Page 52. 5.4.2 Third-party Certified Connectorized Flat Panel Antenna A third party may certify additional antennas for use with the Canopy connectorized 900-MHz module. 5.5 ADJUNCTIVE SOFTWARE PRODUCTS The capabilities of available applications and tools are summarized for comparison in Table 16. In this table CNUT represents Canopy Network Updater Tool, Release 1.1 or later, and BAM represents Bandwidth and Authentication Manager, Release 2.0 or later. Table 16: Canopy applications and tools Application or Tool Capability Prizm CNUT BAM authenticates SMs ● ● controls authentication in APs ● ● manages Committed Information Rate (CIR) ● ● has dependency on another application3 ● automatically discovers elements ● ● exports network information with hierarchy ● ● supports user-defined folder-based operations ● ● senses FPGA version on an element ● ● upgrades FPGA version on an element ● enables/disables hardware scheduling ● manages the high-priority channel ● ● imports network information with hierarchy ● ●
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 66 Application or Tool Capability Prizm CNUT BAM interface to a higher-level network management system (NMS) ● interface to an operations support system (OSS) ● manages Maximum Information Rate (MIR) ● ● automatically works from root (highest) level ● element selection can be individual or multiple ● ● ● element selection can be criteria based ● element selection can be user-defined branch ● ● senses software release on an element ● ● upgrades software release on an element ● manages VLAN parameters ● ● provides access to element web interface ● 5.6 BANDWIDTH AND AUTHENTICATION MANAGER Canopy Bandwidth and Authentication Manager (BAM) software allows you to use ◦ a primary server to distribute bandwidth resources per subscriber, require SMs to authenticate per AP, and deny service to unauthorized SMs. ◦ a secondary server to redundantly store identical SM bandwidth and authentication data and become governing if the primary server goes out of service. ◦ an optional tertiary server to do the same if both the primary and secondary servers go out of service. In BAM Release 2.1, subscriber administration for an SM or batch of SMs is performed as follows: ◦ Insert the ESNs. ◦ Specify MIR and Security attributes. ◦ Specify CIR attributes. ◦ Specify whether BAM should send its stored CIR attributes. ◦ Specify VLAN attributes. ◦ Specify whether BAM should send its stored VLAN attributes. ◦ Specify VLAN IDs to associate with the SM(s). This product is supported by the dedicated document Canopy Bandwidth and Authentication Manager Release 2.1 User Guide and associated release notes.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 67 The upgrade path from BAM Release 2.1 is Prizm Release 2.0. See Motorola Canopy Prizm User Guide, Issue 3, and Motorola Canopy Prizm Release 2.0 Release Notes. 5.7 Prizm The product name PrizmEMS is changed to Prizm in Release 2.0 and later, to reflect that the product capabilities are expanded beyond those of the element management system (EMS). Throughout this user guide, the name change applies to text for Release 2.0 and for multiple releases that include 2.0. It does not apply to text that is for a previous release. Case by case, software elements such as the GUI in the client application and XML files on the server may retain the PrizmEMS syntax. 5.7.1 Network Definition and Element Discovery Prizm allows the user to partition the entire Canopy network into criteria-based subsets that can be independently managed. To assist in this task of defining networks, Prizm auto discovers Canopy network elements that are in ◦ user-defined IP address ranges ◦ SM-to-AP relationships with APs in the user-defined range ◦ BHS-to-BHM relationships with BHMs in the user-defined range. ◦ PLV Modem-to-PLV Bridge relationships with PLV Bridges in the user-defined range. For a Canopy AP, SM, BHM, BHS, PLV Bridge, PLV Modem, or CMMmicro, Prizm ◦ auto discovers the element to the extent possible. ◦ includes the element in the network tree. ◦ shows general information. ◦ shows Canopy information. ◦ supports Canopy-specific operations. For a generic element, Prizm ◦ auto discovers the element as only a generic network element. ◦ includes the element in the network tree. ◦ shows general information. ◦ shows events and alerts. ◦ charts port activity. For passive elements (such as CMM2 or a non-manageable switch or hub), Prizm allows you to enter into the network tree a folder/group with name, asset/owner information, and descriptive information.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 68 Supported element types include Canopy Access Point Module Canopy Backhaul Master Module Canopy Backhaul Slave Module Canopy PrizmEMS Canopy Subscriber Module Cluster Management Module micro Cluster Management Module-4 Cluster Management Module-4 Switch Generic Group Generic SNMP Device Generic SNMP Device (08 Port) Generic SNMP Device (16 Port) Generic SNMP Device (24 Port) Generic SNMP Device (26 Port) High-Speed Backhaul Master Module 150/300 Mbps High-Speed Backhaul Master Module 30/60 Mbps High-Speed Backhaul Slave Module 150/300 Mbps High-Speed Backhaul Slave Module 30/60 Mbps PLV Bridge Unit PLV Modem Unit Ultra Light Access Point Ultra Light Outdoor Subscriber Unit 5.7.2 Monitoring and Fault Management Prizm receives the traps that Canopy elements send and generates an alert for each of these. Prizm also allows the user to establish sets of criteria that would generate other alerts and trigger email notifications. Optionally, the user can specify a trap template. In this case, Prizm receives traps for non-Canopy elements in the network. For any individual element that the user selects, Prizm offers text and graphed displays of element configuration parameters and performance statistics from an interval that the user specifies. 5.7.3 Element Management Prizm allows the user to perform any of the following operations on any specified element or group of elements: ◦ Manage − large amounts of SNMP MIB data. − module passwords. − IP addresses. − other communications setup parameters. − site information: Site Name, Site Location, and Site Contact parameters. ◦ Reset the element. 5.7.4 BAM Subsystem in Prizm Prizm Release 2.0 and later integrates Canopy Bandwidth and Authentication Manager (BAM) functionality and supports simple migration of a pre-existing BAM data into the Prizm database. These releases also support the maintenance of authentication and bandwidth data on a RADIUS server, to the same extent that BAM Release 2.1 (the final release of BAM) did.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 69 Either of the following modes is available for the Prizm server, subject to licensing: ◦ BAM-only functionality, which manages only − authentication, bandwidth service plans, and VLAN profiles of SMs. − authentication of Powerline LV modems. ◦ Full Prizm functionality, which manages attributes for all elements and authentication of SMs and Powerline LV modems. One difference between a service plan (or VLAN profile) and a configuration template that has the identical set of attributes is that the former is a long-term association whereas the latter is a one-time push to the element. When a service plan or VLAN profile is modified, the change is automatically applied to all elements that have the association. Another difference is that a configuration template cannot overwrite any values that a service plan or VLAN profile has set in an element. 5.7.5 Northbound Interface In Release 1.1 and later, Prizm provides three interfaces to higher-level systems: ◦ a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent for integration with a network management system (NMS). ◦ a Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) XML-based application programming interface (API) for web services that supports integration with an operations support systems (OSS) such as a customer relationship management (CRM), billing, or provisioning system. ◦ console automation that allows such higher-level systems to launch and appropriately display the Prizm management console in GUI that is custom developed, using the PrizmEMS™ Software Development Kit (SDK), which Canopy provides for this purpose. Together these interfaces constitute the Northbound Interface feature. Prizm server administrator tasks and GUI developer information are provided in the PrizmEMS™ Software Development Kit (SDK). This SDK also describes the how to define new element types and customize the Details views. All other features of the Prizm product are supported by the dedicated document Motorola Canopy Prizm User Guide and associated release notes. 5.8 LICENSE MANAGEMENT Under the original licensing regime for Canopy networks, licenses were permanently tied to the Media Access Control (MAC) address of the equipment that was licensed or that used the licensed feature. Thus, they were not transferable. Under server-based license management, for some functionalities, Canopy offers licenses that ◦ float upon demand within the network. ◦ are tied to only the  osted (MAC address) of the license management server for which they were ordered.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 70 In Release 4.2.3 and later, server-based license management adds flexibility and makes available licenses that previously would have been held by de-commissioned equipment. License management technology from Macrovision, based on a FLEXnet™ Publisher license management model, provides the platform for Canopy server-based licensing. Canopy capabilities that are authorized by licenses on this platform are FLEXenabled products. In this platform, the license management server checks and then either assigns or declines to assign a license in real time. See the Canopy Networks License Manager User Guide. The total number of floating license keys that you need for any feature is the highest number that you will ever want to have simultaneously in use. The proper placement of these keys and the number and placement of fixed Canopy licenses are listed in Table 17. Table 17: Correct placement of license keys In This Release License Key Must Be in Directory If This Platform On This Server Device C:\Program Files\Motorola\Canopy\FLEXnet\license_files Windows LM 1.0 License Manager Server /usr/local/Canopy/FLEXnet/license_files Enterprise Linux LM Server C:\Program Files\Motorola\Canopy\FLEXnet\license_files Windows /usr/local/Canopy/FLEXnet/license_files Enterprise Linux LM Server1 BAM 2.0 BAM Server, AP Auth Server (APAS), Cap 2 /usr/local/canopy/include Enterprise Linux BAM Server2 C:\Program Files\Motorola\Canopy\FLEXnet\license_files Windows /usr/local/Canopy/FLEXnet/license_files Enterprise Linux LM Server1 BAM 2.1 BAM Server, AP Auth Server (APAS), Cap 2 /usr/local/Canopy/FLEXnet/license_files Enterprise Linux BAM Server2 C:\Program Files\Motorola\Canopy\FLEXnet\license_files Windows /usr/local/Canopy/FLEXnet/license_files Enterprise Linux LM Server3 C:\Program Files\Motorola\Canopy\FLEXnet\license_files Windows PrizmEMS 1.0 PrizmEMS Server, Element Pack /usr/local/Canopy/Prizm/license_files Enterprise Linux PrizmEMS Server4 C:\Program Files\Motorola\Canopy\FLEXnet\license_files Windows PrizmEMS 1.1 PrizmEMS Server, Element Pack /usr/local/Canopy/FLEXnet/license_files Enterprise Linux LM Server3
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 71 In This Release License Key Must Be in Directory If This Platform On This Server Device C:\Program Files\Motorola\Canopy\FLEXnet\license_files Windows Prizm 2.0 and 2.1 for full mgmt PrizmEMS Server, Element Pack BAM Server, AP Auth Server (APAS), Cap 2 Canopy Lite /usr/local/Canopy/FLEXnet/license_files Enterprise Linux LM server5 C:\Program Files\Motorola\Canopy\FLEXnet\license_files Windows Prizm 2.0 and 2.1 for BAM-only or redundant BAM BAM Server, AP Auth Server (APAS), Cap 2 Canopy Lite /usr/local/Canopy/FLEXnet/license_files Enterprise Linux LM server1 NOTES: 1. One key required per each deployed BAM server. 2. Copied here so that BAM can find License Manager. No additional charge for using this copy. 3. One key required per each deployed PrizmEMS server. 4. Copied here so that PrizmEMS can find License Manager. No additional charge for using this copy. 5. One BAMServer key and one PrizmEMSServer key required per each full management Prizm server. 5.9 SPECIFICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS 5.9.1 Radios Canopy radio specifications are provided at http://motorola.canopywireless.com/products/specshome.php. 5.9.2 Cluster Management Products Table 18: CMM2 specifications and limitations Specification or Limitation Canopy System Range Max length from Cluster Management Module to any radio 328 cable feet (100 meters) Max length from Cluster Management Module to GPS antenna 100 cable feet (30.5 meters) Dimensions 17.00” H x 12.88” W x 6.50” D (43.18 cm H x 32.72 cm W x 16.51 cm D)
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 72 Specification or Limitation Canopy System Range Weight 25.0 lbs. (11.3 kg) Operation Temperature -40°F to +131°F (-40°C to +55°C) Overall Meets CE IP44 according to EN60529:2000 AC Input Voltage and Frequency 100 V – 240 V~, 0.7 A – 0.35 A, settable to either 230 V or 115 V nominal input. 50 Hz – 60 Hz Note: Applying 230 V to a unit that is set to 115 V may damage the unit. AC Input Power Nominal 66 watts, max 92 watts with 8 modules connected to the CMM at max cable length. 24-V DC Input Voltage 18 to 32 V DC, measured at CMM 24-V DC Input Power Nominal 60 watts. Maximum 84 watts with 8 modules connected to the CMM at maximum cable length. 9A inrush upon start-up. 24-V DC Usage If using a typical “24V +/-5%” power supply, ensure that CMM is within 400 cable feet (120 m) of the power supply. Use minimum 12 AWG (4 mm2) copper wire. 12-V DC Input Voltage 11.5 to 32 VDC, measured at CMM 12-V DC Usage If using a 12V power source (typically an automobile battery in a test or emergency situation), use 12 AWG (4 mm2) wire between the power supply and the CMM, ensure that the CMM is within 10 cable feet (3 m) of the power supply, and ensure the modules are within 20 cable feet (6 m) of the CMM. Ethernet, GPS Sync, and GPS Coax Cables The use of cables that conform to the operational temperature of the product as well as being UV light protected is mandatory. Table 19: CMMmicro specifications and limitations Specification or Limitation Canopy System Range Enclosure Size Approximately 12” H x 10” W x 3” D (Approximately 30 cm H x 25 cm W x 7.5 cm D) CMMmicro Weight (without DC power supply) Approximately 8 lb (Approximately 3.5 k) Max length from Cluster Management Module to any radio 328 cable feet (100 meters) Max length from Cluster Management Module to GPS antenna 100 cable feet (30.5 meters) Operating Temperature -40°F to +131°F (-40°C to +55°C) Provided DC Power Converter Input Voltage 100 – 240 V~
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 73 Specification or Limitation Canopy System Range Provided DC Power Converter Input Frequency 50 – 60 Hz CMMmicro Power Input Voltage 21.5 – 26.5 V DC CMMmicro Power Current 3.36 A @ 24 V DC (3.75 – 3.0 A over voltage range) Ethernet, GPS sync, and GPS coax cables The use of cables that conform to the operational temperature of the product as well as having UV light protection is mandatory. Cables can be ordered from Best-Tronics Manufacturing, Inc. at http://www.best-tronics.com/motorola.htm. 5.9.3 300SS and 600SS Surge Suppressors Canopy Surge Suppressor specifications are provided at http://motorola.canopywireless.com/products/specshome.php.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 75 6 DIFFERENTIATING AMONG COMPONENTS 6.1 INTERPRETING MODEL (PART) NUMBER The part number of a module typically represents ◦ the model number, which may indicate − radio frequency band range. − link distance range. − whether the module is Canopy Advantage. − the factory-set encryption standard. ◦ the module type. ◦ whether the reflector dish is included. ◦ the antenna scheme of the module. ◦ whether adjustable power in the module is preset to low. ◦ the modulation capability. Radio Frequency Band Range The leading digits usually indicate the frequency band range in which the module can operate. For example, if the part number is 5700BH, then the frequency band range of the module is 5.7 GHz. ↓ 5 7 0 0 B H An exception to this general rule is that the leading digits in the part number of 5.1-GHz modules are 52. These modules are differentiated from 5.2-GHz modules by the leading four digits (5202 for 5.1 GHz, 5200 for 5.2 GHz). You cannot change the frequency band range of the module. Link Distance Range or Canopy Advantage The third digit in the part number may indicate whether the module is an extended range, Canopy Advantage, or Canopy model. 1 indicates extended range. For example, if the part number is 5210BH, then the module is an extended range module. If the part number is 5200BH, then the module is not an extended range model. ↓ 5 2 0 0 B H 6 in the third position (5760SM, for example) indicates Canopy Lite. 5 in the third position (5250AP, for example) indicates that the module is Canopy Advantage. 0 in the third position (5200AP, for example) indicates that the module is Canopy. However, part numbering for 900-MHz APs and SMs differs from this general rule. All APs and SMs in this frequency band range are Canopy Advantage, but none of their part numbers use 5 in the third position.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 76 You cannot change the link distance range of the module. However, you can license a Canopy SM to uncap its aggregate throughput (a capability of the Advantage SM). Encryption Standard or Frequency Band Range The fourth digit in the part number usually indicates the encryption standard that was preset at the factory. 1 indicates the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). 0 indicates the Data Encryption Standard (DES) standard. For example, if the part number is 5201BH, then transmissions from the module are encrypted according to AES. If the part number is 5200BH, then transmissions from the module are encrypted according to DES. ↓ 5 7 0 0 B H An exception to this general rule is that the fourth digit in the part number of 5.1-GHz modules is 2. These modules are differentiated from 5.2-GHz modules by the leading four digits (5202 for 5.1 GHz, 5200 for 5.2 GHz). You cannot change the encryption basis (from DES to AES, for example), but you can enable or disable the encryption. Module Type The next two alpha characters indicate the module type. For example, CK indicates that the module is a Cluster Management Module. ↓ 1 0 0 8 C K The module type cannot be changed. Reflector Added In specifications tables and price lists, the trailing characters RF or RF20 indicate that the associated information applies to the module being ◦ mounted to the 27RD Passive Reflector Dish, in the case of specifications. ◦ ordered with the 27RD Passive Reflector Dish, in the case of price lists. ↓ 2 4 0 0 B H R F 2 0 However, this designation is not shown on either label of the module, and a module ordered with the dish can be deployed without the dish.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 77 Antenna Scheme In specifications tables and price lists, the trailing character C indicates that the module is connectorized for an external antenna. ↓ 9 0 0 0 S M C An F in this position indicates that the module has an internal antenna with a band-pass filter (for example, 9000APF). You cannot transform a module from connectorized to internal antenna or from internal antenna to connectorized, but you may have flexibility in what external antenna you deploy with it. Adjustable Power Preset to High or Low A trailing WL can indicate that the module had adjustable power that is preset to low. ↓ 2 4 0 0 A P W L However, the 5700SMC and 5700APC are connectorized, but also have adjustable power preset to low. No special designation is made for adjustable power that is set to high (no trailing letters are used; for example, 5252AP). You can reset power to higher in a module with adjustable power that is preset to low, but you are constrained by applicable regulations in your region and or nation. Modulation Capability A trailing 20 indicates that the module is capable of being set to either ◦ 20-Mbps modulation (aggregate throughput of 14 Mbps) ◦ 10-Mbps modulation (aggregate throughput of 7 Mbps). ↓ 2 4 0 0 B H R F 2 0 The absence of a trailing 20 indicates that the module is capable of only 10-Mbps modulation.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 78 6.2 SORTED MODEL NUMBERS Model numbers of Canopy modules are listed in Table 20. Not all models are available in all markets. Please check with your Canopy distributor or reseller for availability. Table 20: Canopy model numbers Integrated Antenna Connectorized for Antenna Canopy Advantage Canopy Advantage Range DES AES DES AES DES AES DES AES 5.7 GHz 5700AP 5700APHZ 5700SM 5760SM 5700SMMHZ 5700BH 5700BH20 5700BHRF 5700BHRF20 5701AP 5701SM 5701BH 5701BH20 5701BHRF 5701BHRF20 5750AP 5750APHZ 5750SM 5750SMHZ 5751AP 5751SM 5700APC 5700SMC 5700BHC 5700BHC20 5701APC 5701SMC 5701BHC 5701BHC20 5750APC 5750SMC 5751APC 5751SMC 5.4 GHz 5400AP 5400SM 5460SM 5400BH 5400BH20 5400BHRF 5400BHRF20 5401AP 5401SM 5401BH 5401BH20 5401BHRF 5401BHRF20 5450AP 5450SM 5451AP 5451SM 5400APC 5400SMC 5400BHC 5400BHC20 5401APC 5401SMC 5401BHC 5401BHC20 5450APC 5450SMC 5451APC 5451SMC 5.1 GHz 5202AP 5202SM 5202BH 5212BH20 5212BHRF20 5252AP 5252SM 5.2 GHz 5200AP 5200APHZ 5200SM 5260SM 5200SMHZ 5200BH 5210BHRF 5210BHRF20 5201AP 5201SM 5201BH 5211BH20 5211BHRF 5211BHRF20 5250AP 5250APHZ 5250SM 5250SMHZ 5251AP 5251SM 2.4 GHz 2400AP 2400APWL 2400SM 2400SMWL 2460SM 2400SMLP 2400BH 2400BH20 2400BHRF 2400BHRF20 2400BHWL 2400BHWL20 2400BHWLRF 2400BHWLRF20 2401AP 2401APWL 2401SM 2401SMWL 2401BH 2401BH20 2401BHRF 2401BHRF20 2401BHWL 2401BHWL20 2401BHWLRF 2401BHWLRF20 2450AP 2450APWL 2450SM 2450SMWL 2451AP 2451APWL 2451SM 2451SMWL
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 79 Integrated Antenna Connectorized for Antenna Canopy Advantage Canopy Advantage Range DES AES DES AES DES AES DES AES 900 MHz 9000AP 9000APF 9000SM 9000SMF 9001AP 9001APF 9001SM 9001SMF 9000APC 9000SMC 9001APC 9001SMC 5.4 GHz OFDM 5440AP 5440APC 5440SM 6.3 INTERPRETING ELECTRONIC SERIAL NUMBER (ESN) Canopy module labels contain a product serial number that could be significant in your dealings with Motorola or your supply chain. This is the electronic serial number (ESN), also known as the Media Access Control (MAC) address, of the module. This hexadecimal number identifies the module in ◦ communications between modules. ◦ the data that modules store about each other (for example, in the Registered To field). ◦ the data that the BAM software applies to manage authentication and bandwidth. ◦ Prizm auto discovery of SMs through the AP (or BHS through the BHM). ◦ software upgrades performed by the Canopy Network Updater Tool (CNUT). ◦ information that CNUT passes to external tools. 6.4 FINDING THE MODEL (PART) NUMBER AND ESN The labels and locations of Canopy module model (part) numbers and ESNs are shown in Table 21. Table 21: Labels and locations of model (part) numbers and ESNs Label and Location Numeric String Older Modules Newer Modules Model number PN outside Model # outside ESN/MAC address S/N inside ESN outside
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 81 7 CANOPY LINK CHARACTERISTICS 7.1 UNDERSTANDING BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT 7.1.1 Downlink Frame Contents The AP broadcasts downlink frames that contain control information, allocating slots in succeeding or future uplink frames to SMs that have requested service. The downlink frame also contains a beacon frame, control information, and data that specific SMs have requested. Each SM ◦ examines the downlink frame to distinguish whether data is addressed to that SM. ◦ retrieves data addressed to that SM. ◦ directs such data to the appropriate end user. 7.1.2 Uplink Frame Contents Uplink frames contain control information from each SM that request service on succeeding uplink frames. SMs insert data into the uplink frames in an amount that the AP has established. Optionally, you can configure the AP to change the source MAC address in every packet it receives from its SMs to the MAC address of the SM that bridged the packet, before forwarding the packet toward the public network. If you do, then ◦ not more than 10 IP devices at any time are valid to send data to the AP from behind the SM. ◦ the AP populates the Translation Table tab of its Statistics web page, displaying the MAC address and IP address of all the valid connected devices. ◦ each entry in the Translation Table is associated with the number of minutes that have elapsed since the last packet transfer between the connected device and the SM. ◦ if 10 are connected, and another attempts to connect − and no Translation Table entry is older than 255 minutes, the attempt is ignored. − and an entry is older than 255 minutes, the oldest entry is removed and the attempt is successful. ◦ the Send Untranslated ARP parameter in the General tab of the Configuration page can be − disabled, so that the AP will overwrite the MAC address in Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) packets before forwarding them. − enabled, so that the AP will forward ARP packets regardless of whether it has overwritten the MAC address. This is the Translation Bridging feature, which you can enable in the General tab of the Configuration web page in the AP. When this feature is disabled, the setting of the Send Untranslated ARP parameter has no effect, because all packets are forwarded untranslated (with the source MAC address intact). See Address Resolution Protocol on Page 162.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 82 7.1.3 Default Frame Structures With a 64-byte slot size, the default Canopy frame in hardware scheduling consists of ◦ variable numbers of uplink and downlink data slots, subject to the following factors: − Maximum range decreases the number of available slots to 32. − Background bit error rate (BER) mode decreases the number of available data slots by one (and bandwidth by 200 kbps). − Every two control slots that are allocated decrease the number of available data slots by one. ◦ 0 to 10 control slots, subject to operator setting ◦ 0 to 9 downlink acknowledgement slots, dynamically assigned ◦ 0 to 9 uplink acknowledgement slots, dynamically assigned ◦ 1 uplink schedule slot ◦ 1 beacon slot, which identifies the − timing and distribution for the SMs − ratio of uplink to downlink allocation − ESN of the AP − color code − protocol (point-to-point or point-to-multipoint) − number of registered SMs − frame number − control slot information ◦ air delay, subject to the value of the Max Range parameter in the AP Control Slots The Radio tab of the Configuration web page in the AP displays the total of control slots (default 3, maximum 7 in the 900-MHz frequency band range2 and 16 in all others). These control slots are contention slots. If too many SMs contend for these slots, then the number of control slots may be increased. Frame Scheduling When an SM boots, the following sequence occurs: 1. The SM finds this beacon slot from an AP. 2. The SM synchronizes with the AP. 3. If BAM is configured on the AP and the AP is licensed for authentication, then a. the AP sends a Registration Request message to Prizm for authentication. b. following a successful challenge, Prizm returns an Authentication Grant message to the AP. c. the AP sends a Registration Grant to the SM. 2 In the 900-MHz frequency band range, the frame size is 16,667 bits. In all others, the frame size is 25,000 bits. The smaller frame does not provide enough space to allocate more than 7 control slots.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 83 If BAM is not configured on the AP or the AP is not licensed for authentication, then the AP simply returns the Registration Grant to the SM. This Registration Grant includes the distance between the AP and SM. The SM uses the distance to distinguish when to transmit data in the uplink frame. The AP performs advance scheduling of up to 1024 frames that each SM will be permitted to use in the uplink frame. 7.1.4 Media Access Control and AP Capacity Regardless of whether the maximum number of SMs (200) all request service at the same time, the reservation Media Access Control (MAC) system allows the AP to give a reservation slot to each SM that requests service. Regardless of the distance between any SM and the AP, the reservation MAC system ensures that all SM data slots are free of contention. For this reason ◦ all SMs are equally able to compete for uplink and downlink bandwidth. ◦ the capacity of the AP is not degraded by distance from the SMs. 7.1.5 Canopy Slot Usage The frame illustrated in Figure 18 shows both packet fragments (yellow) and unused slot space (red) typical of uplink traffic. Packet sizes smaller than 64 bytes cause unused slot spaces. Figure 18: Uplink data slot usage The following statistics apply to Canopy frame slot usage: ◦ Slot capacity is 64 bytes. ◦ The optimum Ethernet packet size is 1518 bytes. ◦ The maximum downlink throughput for one AP to one SM is 1800 packets per second (pps). ◦ The maximum uplink throughput for one AP to one SM is 300 pps. ◦ The maximum backhaul throughput is 3000 pps. 7.1.6 Data Transfer Capacity Canopy modules use Time Division Duplex (TDD) on a common frequency to divide frames for uplink (orange) and downlink (green) usage, as shown in Figure 19.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 84 Figure 19: TDD dividing Canopy frames 7.1.7 Maximum Information Rate (MIR) Parameters Canopy point-to-multipoint links use the following four MIR parameters for bandwidth management: ◦ Sustained Uplink Data Rate (kbps) ◦ Uplink Burst Allocation (kb) ◦ Sustained Downlink Data Rate (kbps) ◦ Downlink Burst Allocation (kb) You can independently set each of these parameters per AP or per SM. Token Bucket Algorithm The Canopy software uses a token bucket algorithm that ◦ stores credits (tokens) for the SM to spend on bandwidth for reception or transmission. ◦ drains tokens during reception or transmission. ◦ refills with tokens at the sustained rate set by the network operator. For each token, the SM can send toward the network in the uplink (or the AP can send toward the SM in the downlink) an equivalent number of kilobits. Two buckets determine the permitted throughput: one in the SM for uplink and one in the AP for downlink. The applicable set of Uplink Burst Allocation and Downlink Burst Allocation parameters determine the number of tokens that can fill each bucket. When the SM transmits (or the AP transmits) a packet, the equivalent number of tokens is removed from the uplink (or downlink) bucket. Except when full, the bucket is continuously being refilled with tokens at rates that the applicable set of Sustained Uplink Data Rate and Sustained Downlink Data Rate parameters specify. The bucket often drains at a rate that is much faster than the sustained data rate but can refill at only the sustained data rate. Thus, the effects of the allocation and rate parameters on packet delay are as follows: ◦ the burst allocation affects how many kilobits are processed before packet delay is imposed. ◦ the sustained data rate affects the packet delay that is imposed. Which set of these MIR parameters are applicable depends on the interactions of other
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 85 parameter values. These interactions are described under Setting the Configuration Source on Page 292. Also, where the Configuration Source parameter setting in the AP specifies that BAM values should be used, they are used only if Prizm is configured to send the values that it stores for the MIR parameters. MIR Data Entry Checking Uplink and downlink MIR is enforced as shown in Figure 20. NOTE: In these figures, entry refers to the setting in the data rate parameter, not the burst allocation parameter. uplink cap enforced =uplink entry x aggregate cap for the SMuplink entry + downlink entry downlink cap enforced =downlink entry x aggregate cap for the SMuplink entry + downlink entry Figure 20: Uplink and downlink rate caps adjusted to apply aggregate cap For example, in the Canopy SM, if you set the Sustained Uplink Data Rate parameter to 2,000 kbps and the Sustained Downlink Data Rate parameter to 10,000 kbps, then the uplink and downlink MIR that will be enforced for the SM can be calculated as shown in Figure 21. uplink cap enforced =2,000 kbps x 7,000 kbps2,000 kbps + 10,000 kbps= 1,167 kbps downlink cap enforced =10,000 kbps x 7,000 kbps2,000 kbps + 10,000 kbps= 5,833 kbps Figure 21: Uplink and downlink rate cap adjustment example In this example case, the derived 1,167-kbps uplink and 5,833-kbps downlink MIR sum to the fixed 7,000-kbps aggregate cap of the Canopy SM.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 86 7.1.8 Committed Information Rate The Committed Information Rate (CIR) capability feature enables the service provider to guarantee to any subscriber that bandwidth will never decrease to below a specified minimum, unless CIR is oversubscribed. Bandwidth can be, and typically will be, higher than the minimum, but this guarantee helps the WISP to attract and retain subscribers. In BAM Release 2.1 and in Prizm Release 2.0, CIR configuration is supported as follows: ◦ The GUI allows you to view and change CIR configuration parameters per SM. ◦ When an SM successfully registers and authenticates, if BAM or Prizm has CIR configuration data for the SM, then messages make the CIR configuration available to the SM, depending on the Configuration Source setting. (See Setting the Configuration Source on Page 292.) ◦ The operator can disable the CIR feature in the SM without deleting the CIR configuration data. 7.1.9 Bandwidth from the SM Perspective In the Canopy SM, normal web browsing, e-mail, small file transfers, and short streaming video are rarely rate limited with practical bandwidth management (QoS) settings. When the SM processes large downloads such as software upgrades and long streaming video or a series of medium-size downloads, the bucket rapidly drains, the burst limit is reached, and some packets are delayed. The subscriber experience is more affected in cases where the traffic is more latency sensitive. Example download times for various arbitrary tiers of service are shown in Table 56 on Page 382 and Table 57 on Page 383. 7.1.10 Interaction of Burst Allocation and Sustained Data Rate Settings If the Burst Allocation is set to 1200 kb and the Sustained Data Rate is set to 128 kbps, a data burst of 1000 kb is transmitted at full speed because the Burst Allocation is set high enough. After the burst, the bucket experiences a significant refill at the Sustained Data Rate. This configuration uses the advantage of the settable Burst Allocation. If both the Burst Allocation and the Sustained Data Rate are set to 128 kb, a burst is limited to the Burst Allocation value. This configuration does not take advantage of the settable Burst Allocation. If the Burst Allocation is set to 128 kb and the Sustained Data Rate is set to 256 kbps, the actual rate will be the burst allocation (but in kbps). As above, this configuration does not take advantage of the settable Burst Allocation. 7.1.11 High-priority Bandwidth To support low-latency traffic such as VoIP (Voice over IP) or video, the Canopy system implements a high-priority channel. This channel does not affect the inherent latencies in the Canopy system but allows high-priority traffic to be immediately served. The high-priority pipe separates low-latency traffic from traffic that is latency tolerant, such as standard web traffic and file downloads. A Canopy module prioritizes traffic by ◦ reading the Low Latency bit (Bit 3) in the IPv4 Type of Service (ToS) byte in a received packet. ◦ reading the 802.1p field of the 802.1Q header in a received packet, where VLAN is enabled on the module.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 87 ◦ comparing the 6-bit Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) field in the ToS byte of a received packet to a corresponding value in the DiffServe tab of the Configuration page of the module. Low Latency Bit Bit 3 is set by a device outside the Canopy system. In the uplink frame, the SM monitors Bit 3. If this bit is set, then ◦ the SM prioritizes this traffic in its high-priority queue according to AP configuration settings for the high-priority channel. ◦ the system sends the packet on the high-priority channel and services this channel before any normal traffic. 802.1P Field See Priority on VLANs (802.1p) on Page 166. DSCP Field Like Bit 3 of the original IPv4 ToS byte, the DSCP field (Bits 0 through 5) in the redefined ToS byte is set by a device outside the Canopy system. A packets contains no flag that indicates whether the encoding is for the Low Latency bit or the DSCP field. For this reason, you must ensure that all elements in your trusted domain, including routers and endpoints, set and read the ToS byte with the same scheme. Canopy modules monitor ToS bytes with DSCP fields, but with the following differences: ◦ The 6-bit length of the field allows it to specify one of 64 service differentiations. ◦ These correlate to 64 individual (CodePoint) parameters in the DiffServe tab of the Configuration page. ◦ Per RFC 2474, 3 of these 64 are preset and cannot be changed. (See http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1902.html.) ◦ For any or all of the remaining 61 CodePoint parameters, you can specify a value of − 0 through 3 for low-priority handling. − 4 through 7 for high-priority handling. RECOMMENDATION: Ensure that your Differentiated Services domain boundary nodes mark any entering packet, as needed, so that it specifies the appropriate Code Point for that traffic and domain. This prevents theft of service level. An example of the DiffServe tab in the Configuration page and parameter descriptions are provided under DiffServe Tab of the AP on Page 256. This tab and its rules are identical from module type to module type in Canopy. However, any of the 61 configurable Code Points can be set to a different value from module to module, thus defining unique per-hop behavior for some traffic. This tab in the AP and BHM sets the priorities for the various packets in the downstream (sent from the public network). This tab in the SM and BHS sets the priorities for the various packets in the upstream (sent to the public network).
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 88 Typically in the Canopy network, some SMs attach to older devices that use the ToS byte as originally formatted, and others to newer devices that use the DSCP field. The default values in the DiffServe tab allow your modules to prioritize traffic from the older devices roughly the same as they traditionally have. However, these default values may result in more high-priority traffic as DSCP fields from the newer devices are read and handled. So, after making any changes in the DiffServe tab, carefully monitor the high-priority channel for high packet rates ◦ in SMs that you have identified as those to initially set and watch. ◦ across your Canopy network when you have broadly implemented Code Point values, such as via SNMP. The Canopy frame structure is illustrated in Figure 22. Con-trolBeacon DataAP Transmit (Downlink ) AP Receive (Uplink )DataAckCon-trol Ack Con-trolBeacon DataAP Transmit (Downlink ) AP Receive (Uplink )DataAckCon-trol Ack Figure 22: Canopy frame structure 7.1.12 Hardware Scheduling Canopy Release 8 supports only hardware scheduling. Hardware scheduling always sends high-priority traffic first, even to the exclusion of other traffic. IMPORTANT! The number of channels available to the AP is reduced by the number of SMs configured for the high-priority channel. With this feature enabled on all SMs, an AP can support 100 SMs (instead of 200). Canopy Release 8 requires APs, BHs, and AES SMs to be Series P9 or later hardware.3 The characteristics of hardware scheduling in a Canopy sector are summarized in Table 22. 3 See Designations for Hardware in Radios on Page 365.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 89 Table 22: Characteristics of hardware scheduling Category Factor Treatment Aggregate throughput, less additional overhead 14 Mbps Throughput ACK slots in downlink used for data except when request for uplink is present Yes Number of frames required for the scheduling process 1 Round-trip latency1 ≈ 6 ms Latency AP broadcast the download schedule No Allocation for uplink high- priority traffic on amount of high-priority traffic Dynamic, based on amount of high-priority traffic Allocation for downlink high- priority traffic on amount of high-priority traffic Dynamic, based on amount of high-priority traffic High-priority Channel Order of transmission 1. CIR high-priority 2. CIR low-priority 3. Other high-priority 4. Other low-priority Transmit Frame Spreading Support for Transmit Frame Spreading feature In Release 7.0 and later CIR Capability In all releases NOTES: 1. For 2.4- and 5.n-GHz modules. CAUTION! Power requirements for modules that run hardware scheduling affect the recommended maximums for power cord length feeding the CMMmicro. See Table 51 on Page 342. However, the requirements do not affect the maximums for the CMM2. Packets that have a priority of 4 to 7 in either the DSCP or a VLAN 802.1p tag are automatically sent on the high-priority channel, but only where the high-priority channel is enabled. 7.1.13 2X Operation A General tab option in both Advantage SMs and hardware series P9 and greater Canopy SMs provides double the aggregate throughput for SMs that are nearer than half
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 90 of the maximum typical range from the AP. The requirements of this feature are as follows: ◦ The AP must be an Advantage AP. ◦ The SM must be near the AP, roughly half the range of 1X. ◦ The SM must be of the P9 hardware series or later and enabled for hardware scheduling. See Designations for Hardware on Page 365. ◦ The 2X Rate parameter in the SM must be set to enabled. This is the default setting. ◦ The amount of noise and multipath must be low enough to allow the receiver in the 6 dB less sensitive (2X) state to maintain a high carrier-to-interference (C/I) ratio. The flexibility of this feature is as follows: ◦ At the time of registration, signaling is at the 1X rate. However, if the above requirements are all met, then the SM switches to 2X. ◦ Thereafter, whenever RF conditions are unfavorable for 2X operation, the SM switches to 1X. When favorable RF conditions allow, the SM switches back to 2X, if user data is present at that time. ◦ Similarly, whenever no user data is present, the SM switches to 1X. When user data flow resumes, the SM switches back to 2X, if RF conditions allow. ◦ Both links for the SM (uplink and downlink) are independent for this feature. (One can be operating at 2X operation while the other is operating at 1X.) ◦ Other SMs in the sector can be communicating with the AP at the other modulation rate. ◦ Although subscribers with Canopy SMs realize higher bursts, and subscribers with Advantage SMs realize both higher burst and higher sustained throughput, the network operator realizes higher sector throughput capacity in the AP. The effect of 2X operation on aggregate throughput for the SM is indicated in Table 23. Table 23: Effect of 2X operation on throughput for the SM Typical Aggregate Rates1 Type of SM Sustained2 Burst2 900 MHz3 4 Mbps 4 Mbps Advantage SM Any other frequency band range 14 Mbps 14 Mbps Regular SM (at least P9 Hardware Series) Any frequency band range except 900 MHz 7 Mbps 14 Mbps NOTES: 1. Subject to competition among all SMs in the sector. 2. Can be less if limited by the value of Downlink Data set in the Radio tab of the Configuration page in the AP. 3. All 900-MHz modules are Advantage.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 91 Competition for Bandwidth When multiple SMs vie for bandwidth, the AP divides its bandwidth among them, considering their effective CIR and MIR values. However, 2X operation uses bandwidth twice as efficiently as 1X, even where MIR values apply. This is because, in 2X operation, the modules transmit their data in 4-level frequency shift keying (FSK), not 2-level as they would in 1X operation. This moves twice the data per slot. Thus, for the sum of all bandwidth that 2X-eligible customers use, the bandwidth available to the remaining customers increases by half of that sum when these eligible customers are transmitting and receiving in 2X operation. Engineering for 2X Operation The following priorities should guide your implementation of 2X operation: ◦ In the near half of the distance range of the AP − identify the customers who use the most bandwidth. − enable their SMs first for 2X operation. ◦ When you have deployable Canopy P7 and P8 SMs, do not deploy Canopy Advantage SMs or Canopy P9 SMs beyond half the distance range of the AP. At this distance, steady and reliable 2X operation typically is not achievable. Deploy the Canopy P7 and P8 SMs here. ◦ Wherever practical, implement 25 MHz of channel separation for 2X operation. Checking Link Efficiencies in 2X Operation Unlike in 1X operation, efficiencies below 90% on the Link Capacity Test tab in the Tools web page of the SM may be acceptable for stable operation. An efficiency of 60% in 2X operation is equivalent to an efficiency of 120% in 1X. If you read efficiency between 60% and 90%, check the status of 2X operation (as described below) to confirm that the link is operating at 2X. Since received signal strength typically varies over time, you should perform link tests at various times of day and on various days of the week. Efficiencies should consistently be 60% or greater for 2X operation. You may be able to achieve better efficiencies by re-aiming the SM, mounting it elsewhere, or adding a reflector dish. Checking the Status of 2X Operation The Session Status tab in the Home page of the AP provides operation status information about each SM-to-AP link. Under the MAC address of each SM, the data in this tab includes a line such as the following: RATE : VC 19 Rate 2X/2X VC 255 Rate 2X/1X Interpret this information is as follows: ◦ VC means virtual channel. If one VC is displayed, the high-priority channel is disabled. If two are displayed, the high-priority channel is enabled and is using the higher number VC (255 in the above example). ◦ 2X/2X indicates that the SM-to-AP link is in 2X operation. ◦ 2X/1X indicates that the SM is capable of 2X operation but the SM-to-AP link is in 1X operation. This can be for either of the following reasons: − The SM has not sent data on the channel yet. − The received signal does not support 2X operation.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 92 ◦ 1X/1X indicates that the SM is capable of only 1X operation. This can be for either of the following reasons: − The SM does not support 2X operation (SM is of the hardware series P7 or P8). − The 2X Rate parameter is disabled in the General tab of the Configuration page in the SM or the AP. CAUTION! 2X operation requires approximately 3 to 5% more power than 1X operation. This additional power affects the recommended maximum for power cord length feeding the CMMmicro. See Table 51 on Page 342. However, 2X operation does not affect the maximums for the CMM2. Disabling 2X Operation Disabling 2X operation for an SM can be helpful for alignment, troubleshooting, or preventing frequent automatic switches between 2X and 1X, where RF conditions are only marginally favorable to 2X. The ability to disable 2X for an SM is inherent since the 2X Operation feature was introduced. Disabling 2X operation for a sector can be helpful for identifying a baseline for 1X-to-2X comparison, broader troubleshooting activities, or forcing all SMs to 1X rather than disabling 2X in each SM. Release 8 provides a 2X Rate parameter in the General tab of the Configuration page in the AP: ◦ If you click Disable, then Save Changes and Reboot, 2X operation is disabled for the sector, regardless of the 2X Rate setting in each SM. ◦ If you later click Enable, then Save Changes and Reboot, 2X operation is enabled in the sector for SMs with 2X Rate enabled on their Configuration>General page. SMs with 2X Rate disabled on their Configuration>General page (or P7 or P8 SMs that don’t support 2X Rate) will only operate at 1X. 7.1.14 3X Operation (Canopy OFDM modules only) Canopy OFDM modules offer an additional modulation scheme that provides 3X operation in addition to 1X and 2X operation. In clear space, 3X operation is possible over half the range of 2X (which means it is possible over ¼ the range of 1X). However, in NLOS installations (typical for Canopy OFDM), multipathing may be the predominant RF issue, not free-space attenuation, so the relationship between 1X, 2X, and 3X range may differ from clear space situations. 3X operation is configured on a Canopy OFDM module’s Configuration => General page using the Dynamic Rate Adapt pop-up under Mac Control Parameters. 7.2 UNDERSTANDING SYNCHRONIZATION The system usesTime Division Duplexing (TDD) - one channel alternately transmits and receives - rather than using one channel for transmitting and a second channel for receiving. To accomplish TDD, the AP must provide sync to its SMs – it must keep them in sync. Furthermore, collocated APs must be synced together - an unsynchronized AP that transmits during the receive cycle of a collocated AP can prevent that second AP
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 93 from being able to decode the signals from its SMs. In addition, across a geographical area, APs that can “hear” each other benefit from using a common sync to further reduce self-interference within the network. 7.2.1 GPS Synchronization The Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging (NAVSTAR) Global Positioning System (GPS) uses 24 satellites to relay information for precise derivation of position and time. The Canopy Cluster Management Module (CMM) contains a Motorola Oncore GPS Receiver. The CMM is a critical element in the operation of the Canopy system. At one AP cluster site or throughout an entire wireless system, the CMM provides a GPS timing pulse to each module, synchronizing the network transmission cycles. The Oncore GPS Receiver tracks eight or more satellites. The CMM uses the signal from at least four of these satellites to generate a one-second interval clock that has a rise time of 100 nsec. This clock directly synchronizes APs and BHMs which, in turn, synchronize the SMs and BHSs in the Canopy network. The Oncore GPS Receiver also provides ◦ the latitude and longitude of the GPS antenna (collocated with the CMM) ◦ the number of satellites that are being tracked ◦ the number of satellites that are available ◦ the date ◦ the time in Universal Coordinated Time (UCT) ◦ the altitude of the GPS antenna ◦ other information that can be used to diagnose network problems. Alternative to GPS Sync A Canopy link can operate without GPS sync, but cannot operate without sync. The alternative to GPS sync is to configure the AP or BHM in the link to generate a sync pulse to pass to the SM or BHS, respectively. Depending on the RF environment in which the link operates, this latter alternative may or may not be plausible. For example, in Figure 23, AP4 ◦ is not synchronized with any of the other APs. ◦ is transmitting nearby the other APs while they are expecting to receive SM transmissions from a maximum distance.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 94 Figure 23: One unsynchronized AP in cluster The result is self-interference. In this scenario, the self-interference can be avoided only by synchronizing the TDD transmit cycles of all APs that operate in the same frequency band. An AP that is isolated by at least 5 miles (8 km) from any other Canopy equipment, or a BHM in an isolated standalone BH link can generate and pass sync pulse without GPS timing and not risk that interference will result from the generated sync. In any other type of Canopy link, sync should be derived from GPS timing. NOTE: The OFDM Series BHMs generate their own sync. For more information about these modules, see the user guides that support them. Titles are listed under Products Not Covered by This User Guide on Page 34. Advantage of GPS Sync Although the embedded timing generation capability of the Canopy AP and BHM keeps a precise clock, no trigger exists to start the clock at the same moment in each AP of a cluster. So, the individual AP can synchronize communications between itself and registered SMs, but cannot synchronize itself with other Canopy modules, except by GPS timing (shown in Figure 24).
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 95 Figure 24: GPS timing throughout the Canopy network (Canopy FSK shown) 7.2.2 Passing Sync in a Single Hop Network sync can be passed in a single hop in the following network designs: ◦ Design 1 1. A CMM provides sync to a collocated AP. 2. This AP sends the sync over the air to SMs. ◦ Design 2 1. A CMM provides sync to a collocated BH timing master. 2. This BH timing master sends the sync over the air to a BH timing slave. 7.2.3 Passing Sync in an Additional Hop Network sync can be extended by one additional link in any of the following network designs: NOTE: In each of these following designs, Link 2 is not on the same frequency band as Link 4. (For example, Link 2 may be a 5.2-GHz link while Link 4 is a 5.7- or 2.4-GHz link.) ◦ Design 3 1. A CMM provides sync to a collocated AP. 2. This AP sends the sync over the air to an SM. 3. This SM delivers the sync to a collocated AP. 4. This AP passes the sync in the additional link over the air to SMs. This design is illustrated in Figure 25.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 96 CMMAP APSM SMSM21344 Figure 25: Additional link to extend network sync, Design 3 ◦ Design 4 1. A CMM provides sync to a collocated AP. 2. This AP sends the sync over the air to an SM. 3. This SM delivers the sync to a collocated BHM. 4. This BHM passes the sync in the additional link over the air to a BHS. This design is illustrated in Figure 26. CMMBH-M-AP BH-S-SM2134 Figure 26: Additional link to extend network sync, Design 4 ◦ Design 5 1. A CMM provides sync to a collocated BHM or the BHM generates timing. 2. This BHM sends the sync over the air to a BHS. 3. This BHS delivers the sync to a collocated AP. 4. This AP passes the sync in the additional link over the air to SMs. This design is illustrated in Figure 27.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 97 CMMBH-M- APBH-S- SMSM21344 Figure 27: Additional link to extend network sync, Design 5 Wiring and configuration information for this sync extension is described under Wiring to Extend Network Sync on Page 367. All Canopy radios support the remote AP functionality. The BHS and the SM can reliably pass the sync pulse, and the BHM and AP can reliably receive it. The sync is passed in a cable that connects Pins 1 and 6 of the RJ-11 timing ports of the two modules. (The sync cable is described under Cables on Page 57.) When you connect modules in this way, you must also adjust configuration parameters to ensure that ◦ the AP is set to properly receive sync. ◦ the SM will not propagate sync to the AP if the SM itself ceases to receive sync.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 99 8 MEETING LINK REQUIREMENTS 8.1 AP-SM LINKS APs communicate with SMs using a point-to-multipoint protocol. An AP-SM link has lower throughput and higher latency than a backhaul link for two reasons: ◦ Many endpoints are involved. ◦ The bandwidth request and reservation process consumes bandwidth. In the 900-MHz frequency band range, round-trip latency is typically ◦ 40 msec with software scheduling. ◦ 15 msec with hardware scheduling. In all other Canopy frequency band ranges, round-trip latency is typically ◦ 15 msec with software scheduling. ◦ 6 msec with hardware scheduling. At range settings of greater than 40 miles (64 km) in the 900-MHz AP, more time elapses between transmit and receive cycles to compensate for greater air delay. In each frame, this reduces the number of data slots, which slightly reduces the aggregate throughput of the link. However, the throughput is as predictable as in other Canopy point-to-multipoint links. Throughput is a factor of the Max Range parameter in the AP and is effective for all SMs, regardless of their distance from the AP. Throughput includes all downlink data to all SMs and all uplink data from all SMs that link to the AP. For throughput with hardware scheduling, see Table 13 on Page 62. End user perspective of throughput is based on both bandwidth in the sending direction and the return of TCP acknowledgement packets in the other. Where sufficient downlink bandwidth exists to support downlink traffic and overhead, transient traffic congestion in the uplink can cause some TCP acknowledgement packets to be dropped, and the end user to perceive a reduction in throughput. This can also occur with sufficient uplink bandwidth and dropping acknowledgment packets in the downlink. However, a Canopy network operator can optionally enable the Prioritize TCP ACK parameter in the AP and BHM, giving these packets priority over other packet types. This results in fewer of them being dropped. The effects of changing network conditions on PTMP throughput are indicated in Table 24.
Release 8 Overview of Canopy Networks March 200 Through Software Release 6. Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 100 Table 24: Effects of network conditions on PTMP throughput Changing Network Condition Effect on AP Aggregate Throughput Increasing the Max Range parameter setting1 in the AP somewhat decreased2 Increasing the number of SMs that register in the AP Increase in downlink traffic Increase in uplink traffic no effect Increasing the average bandwidth allotted to the SMs that register in the AP no effect, even when the additional bandwidth is used. NOTES: 1. For non 900-MHz APs, the AP accepts a Max Range value of up to 30 miles (48 km). See Max Range on Page 242. 2. To avoid a decrease of unnecessary proportion, set to not much further than the distance between the AP and the furthest SM that registers in the AP. A comparison of SM products in link with a Canopy Advantage AP is shown in Table 25. Table 25: Comparison of SM products with Canopy Advantage AP Product Maximum Sustained Aggregate Throughput to a Single SM Burst Cap on Committed Information Rate Upgradability VoIP Channels Supported Canopy Advantage SM 14 Mbps 14 Mb none none multiple Canopy SM 7 Mbps 14 Mb none to Advantage SM capabilities multiple Canopy Lite SM as purchased 512 kbps 768 kb 100 kbps to 1, 2, 4, or 7 Mbps 1 Canopy Lite SM upgraded to 1 Mbps 1 Mbps 1.5 Mb 100 kbps none 1 Canopy Lite SM upgraded to 2 Mbps 2 Mbps 3 Mb 100 kbps none 1 Canopy Lite SM upgraded to 4 Mbps 4 Mbps 7 Mb 200 kbps none 2 Canopy Lite SM upgraded to 7 Mbps 7 Mbps 7 Mb 200 kbps none 2

Navigation menu