NEC 989IRVINE2 10/100 Mbps Switching Hub User Manual 8

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Document ID	18827
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Document Description	8
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Permanent Confidential	No
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Document Type	User Manual
Display Format	Adobe Acrobat PDF - pdf
Filesize	31.95kB (399380 bits)
Date Submitted	1999-01-08 00:00:00
Date Available	1999-02-11 00:00:00
Creation Date	2001-07-06 20:46:30
Producing Software	Acrobat Distiller 4.0 for Windows
Document Lastmod	2001-07-06 20:46:32
Document Title	8

EXHIBIT C
User Manual
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Contents
Chapter1,lntroduction 1
Summary oi Key Features ...................................
. .1
Switching Features ......................... ' .................. 1
Management Features ........................................ 3
Physical Ports ............................... 1. . .‘ ................. 3
10BasejT Ports ............................................. _ 3
loBase-T/1OOBase-TX Ports ............................... A. . . .4
Connection Links. . .
Trunk Ports ..............
Access Pons ................. . .................. . .5
Switch Operations .......... I ........................... .6
VLAN-Unaware Switches ...................................... 6
VLAN-AwareSwitches..........................t...;.‘ ........ s
VLAN ......................................................... 1a
BroadcastContainment...........‘...........\....' ......... '..13
Reduced Cost oi Network Administration .. .............. '. . . . . . . . ;14
Enhanced Flexibility for Portable Network Users. . , .14
Multicast-Based Muitimecfia Applications ......................... 15
Enhanced Security ....................................... l . .15
VLAN Membership .......................................... 15
VLAN Configuration ......................................... 17
User’s Manual Pace 3
Contents
Intra-VLAN Communication ...................................
17
lnter-VLAN Communication ................................... 17
Chapter 2,1nstallation ..... .........,.19
Front and Back Views ............................................ 20
Preinstallalion Considerations ..................................... 21
Fast Ethernet Topology Considerations. ..... 3 ............. 21
Full»Duplex Considerations ................................. 21
Positioning the XpressFlow Switch ............................ 22
Rack-Mount Installation Instructions ............................ 23
Prerequisites ....................................... 23
Installation Instructions . . . .I ............................. 23
Stacking Installation instructions. . . . l ........................... 24
Wall Mounting Installation Instructions ........................ 24
Prerequisites ...................................... . t24
installation Instructions ...................................... 25
Powering On the XprsssFlow Switch .25
POST LED Error Codes .......................................... 27
Page 4 7 User's Manual
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$121] ($1232)
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Contents
Chapter 3,Switch Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Overview .....................................................
29
Management Methods ................................. r . .30
Local Console Management .................................. 30
Remote Console Management ................................ 31
SNMP Management ......................................... 31
Assigning an IP Address to the XpressFIow Switch . : ................... 32
Logging on to the XpressFlow Switch ............ Z ................... 32
Chapter 4,Configuring the XpressFlow Switch. . .33
Logging on to the XpressFIow Switch .......................... . .33
Navlgatlng Through the Console Interface ...................
. 35
Performing Basic Management Activities ...................... . .36
General Management Configuration ............................ 37
LAN Port Configuration ...................................... 43
ConsolePorIConllguration 54
Performing Advanced Management Activitles .......................... 62
Switching Database Configuratlon ..................... 63
Vl-ANPerspectIve............t.;_. ................ ,.,s4
MAC Address Perspective ................................. ’ . . .85
Ion Perspective.
Statlc Fllterlng . .
, (his Manual
aG.‘
Contents
Spanning TreeFunciiuns ............................... 95
SNMP Functions ....................................... 99
Upgrading Software ........................................ 100
IP Networking ............................................. 101
Chapter 5,SNMP and RMON Management . . . . .105
Overview ...........................................
....... 105
SNMP Agent and MIB-2 (RFC1213) ......................... 106
HMON MIB (RFC 1757], and Bridge MIB(RFC1493) ................ 106
RMON Groups Supported ................................... 107
Bridge Groups Supponed ................................... 107
Page 8 Ugéi‘g-ivianual
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Q 1
Introduction
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Summary of Key Features
The XpressFlow Switch provides the following key features.
Switching Features
0 Common high-speed switching bus (1 Gbps @ 33 MHz and
1.6 Gbps @ ,50 MHz) for both Ethernet and Fast Ethemet
switches.
A 0 Adaptive switching modes support Turbo Cut- -Through, Safe Cut-
“ Through. and Store-and- Forward switching modes, with dynamlc
:__ run- -time adaptation.
1'
~ Turbo Cut-Through mode provides the least amount of tor-
warding latency and litter.
p-
f; 4 Sale Cut-Through mode provides minimized mnt packets
" with limited forwarding latency.
, if 6 Store and Forward mode eliminates nml packets, but Im-
\‘% poses longer forwarding latency.
“ 0 302.10 Spanning Tree Algorithm.
'\
User's Manual
Chapter1, Introduction
Flow control support, programmable on a per-port basis:
+ 802.3X support for full-duplex mode
-:~ Back Pressure support for halfcuplex mode
Distributed flow caching. which caches the most recent forward-
ing information at each port to significantly improve switch perlor-
mance.
Ability to forward all lrames in a single bus transfer, with granules.
Multimedia-ready.
-:- Supports lour priority queues based on A60241 0 priority as-
signments lor frame transmission.
Packets transfer as granules on the XpressFlow bus to pre-
serve Quality of Service (005) for audio and video streams.
Micro-code can be upgraded to meet evolving standards. Micro~
code and system software in the $0201 switch engine can be up-
graded vla Ethernet or modern using the remote soltware up-
grade feature via the TFTP protocol.
Supports either CAM or SRAM in the switching database.
Packet liltering based on the  or .
Supports 8 KB MAC addresses.
Supports up to S4 VLANs per switch.
Page 2
User's Manual
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Physical Ports
Management Features
0 Port- and MAC address-based FtMON statistics support.
0 SNMP suppon with Management Information Base (mm-2. tour
RMON groups (Statistics, History, Alarm, and Event). and bridge
MIB. ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
0 Local Management Console and Remote Management console
support.
0 Level-1 and LeveLQjLAfl support:
0 2gn1hased and MAC address~base'd Vuyigqnfiguration, VLAN
membership learning, VLAN classification. VLAN header strip-
ping/tagging, and frame lemarding and flooding.
Physical Ports
The XpressFlow switch supports loBase-T and toBase-T/looBase-
TX ports. »
toBase-T Ports
1OBase-T ports use RJ-45 connectors to attach to single endstations,
losase-T hubs, or any IOBase-T-compatible device that uses
standard toflase-T adapters and wiring.
The toBase-T ports can operate in half-duplex, full-duplex, or auto-
sensing mode.
0 Hall-duplex mode uses Back Pressure flow control to prevent the
receiving butler from being overrun by data from a source node.
0 Full-duplex mode uses the 802.3X flow control standard to pre-
vent test data traffic from over-runnlng slow data traffic.
0 Auto-senslng mode automatically determines whether full-duplex
or halt-duplex mode Is used after auto-negotiating with the other
end at the link.
User‘s Manual
Chapter 1, introduction
The ioaase-T ports are configured as MDlX and provide a lull 10
Mbps bandwidth to attached devices. Maximum segment length Is 100
meters (328 ieet) over Category 3, 4 or 5 twisted-pair cable.
1OBase-TI1OOBase-TX Ports
The 108ase»TliooBase-TX ports use RJ45 connectors and can op-
erate in the lollowing modes:
0 1oBase~T lull-duplex mode
0 toBase-T half-duplex mode
0 100 Base-TX iullduplex mode
0 1OOBase-TX half-duplex mode
0 Auto-sensing mode
Hall-duplex mode uses Back Pressure flow control to prevent the re
ceivlng butler from being overmn by data from a source node. Full-
dupiex mode uses the 802.3X flow control standard to prevent fast
data tralfic from over-running slow data traffic. Auto-sensing mode —
automatically determines whether full-duplex or half-duplex mode is
used after auto-negolleting with the other end of the link.
0 When configured for 108ase—T operation. the ports are Ideal for
connection to single endstatlons. 108ase-T hubs, or any 103ase~
T-compatible device that uses standard 1OBase-T adapters and
wiring. 1OBase-T ports are configured as MDlX and provide a full
10 Mbps bandwidth to attached devices. Maximum segment
length Is 100 meters (326 feet) over grade 3, 4 or 5 twisted-pair
cable. ,
0 When configured for IOOBase-TX operation, the ports are ideal
for connection to sewer or network backbones. 1OOBase-TX
pens are configured as MDIX and provide 100 Mbps bandwidth
to attached devices. Maximum segment length is 100 meters
(328 feet) over grade 5 twisted-pair cable. ‘
Page 4
fl‘fi.
connection Links
Connection Links
Trunk Ports
Access Ports
The XpressFIow switch supports trunk port and access port connec-
tion Ilnks. Any physical port can be defined as either a trunk port or an
access port.
Trunk ports typically interconnect two switches. Packets sent from a
tmnk port are always VLAN tagged. unless overridden by e setting for
a specific VLAN. A trunk pon cannot be used to connect the Xpress-
Flow switch to another switch that does not support 802.10 tagging
Access ports typically connect the XpressFIcw switch to network
nodes other than switches. Access ports can also connect the
XpressFlow switch to other switches that do not support 802.10 tagA
ging. Packets sent from an access port are always VLAN untagged.
unless overridden by the specllic setting for a specific VLAN.
a“
User; Manual
m. 5
Chapter 1. Introduction
Switch Operations
Vifith built-in VLAN switching support in hardware, the XpressFiow
Switch can download different micro-code to meet various user re-
quirements. Two versions of microcode are supplied with the Xpress-
Flow Switch: one lor VLAN-Unaware Switches (described below) and
one for VLAN-Aware Switches (described on page 9).
VLAN-Unaware Switches
The XpressFiow Switch is designed to switch frames from a receiving
port to one or more transmitting ports, The XpressFiow Switch per-
forms a number of steps during the switching process, including:
0 Learning . '
o Filtering
0 Forwarding
4 Aging
Unlcast Switching
The ioliowing sections describe the Learning, Filtering. Forwarding. » ‘~- '
and Aging processes performed during unicast switching.
Learning
When the XpressFIow Switch receives a Unicast irama, the Switch
checks the source MAC address in the switching database to see
whether the address is unknown.
0 Ii the source MAC address is unknown. the Switch Manager CPU
performs source MAC address learning.
0 Otherwise, the XpressFIow Switch checks whether the source
MAC address has a mismatched port ID. If the port ID associated
with the source MAC address in the switching database is differ-
ent than the receiving port, the XpressFlow Switch modifies the
port 10 in the switching database and notifies the Switch Manager
CPU about the new port change.
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Page e um: Manual
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Swltch Operations
Filtering
Alter performing the Leamlng process. the XpressFIow Switch
checks whether the:
0 Source port or destination port is not in the forwarding state.
0 Source MAC address or destination MAC address is to be fit-
tered.
0 Source port 10 Is the same as destination port D.
it any one oi these conditions is met, the XpressFIow Switch drops
the receiving frame. Otherwise. the XpressFiow Switch continues
with the ionuarding process (described below).
Forwarding
During the forwarding process, the XpressFiow Switch checks
whether the destination MAC address Is unknown.
0 If it Is unknown, the receiving irame floods to all puns, except the
source port.
0 Otherwise, the receiving trams is forwarded to the port associ-
ated with the destination MAC address.
User's Manual Pine 7
Chapter 1, introduction
Multicast Switching
The following sections describe the Muiticast Switching process for
VLAN-unaware switches.
BPDU Checking
During multicast switching, the XpressFIow Switch checks whether
the received irame is a BPDU.
0 It a BPDU is received, the frame is forwarded to the Switch Man-
ager CPU iorturther processing by the Spanning Tree Protocol.
0 Othemise, the XpressFiow Switch performsthe following
processes.
Learning
It the source MAC address of a received frame is unknown. the
Switch Manager CPU ieams the source MAC address; otherwise, the
XpressFIow Switch checks whether the source MAC address has a
mismatched port ID.
if the port iD associated with the source MAC address in the switch- 1.“
ing database Is different than the receiving port, the XpressFlow ‘x ,
Switch modifies the port D in the switching database and notifies the
Switch Manager CPU about the new port changer
Filtering
it the source port is not Inlthe forwarding state or the source MAC ad-
dress is to be filtered, the XpressFiow Switch discards the received
muiticast trams.
Forwarding _ '..
Otherwise, the received multicast frame floods to all ports, except the
source port.
Page 8
switch Operations
Aging
The XpressFIow Switch performs the aging process for the MAC ad-
dresses In the switching database. Once a MAC address is aged out,
the switching database is modified and the Switch Manger CPU per-
forms house cleaning.
VLAN-Aware Switches
The XpressFIow Switch is designed to switch both VLAN~tagged and
VLAN~untagged frames trcrn a receiving porno one or more transmit-
ting ports. The XpressFIow Switch performs a number of steps during
the switching process, Including:
0 VLAN Classification
0 Learning
0 Filtering
0 Forwarding
0 Aging
VLAN-Aware Switches nm a superset of micro-code used In the
VLAN-Unaware Switches. When the XpressFIow Switch perfonns
frame-switching activities in a VLAN-aware environment, the Switch
uses the  pair instead at using only the MAC
Address.
Unicast éwitching
The following sections describe the VLAN Classification, Learning,
Filtering, Forwarding, and Aging processes performed during unicast
switching.
“fi— .\
User's Manual . Page 9
Chapter 1. Introduction
VLAN Classification
A receian lrame from an ingress port is classified to an associated
VLAN. according to "5 source MAC address or ingress port numbers
The ciassification is performed in the order oi Level-2 VLAN (MAC
address-based VLAN). then Level-1 VLAN(por1-based VLAN). If the
frame is not associated with any Level~2 or Level-1 VLAN, it is classi-
fied into the delault VLAN.
Learning
After VLAN classification, the XpressFIow Switdt checks the  pair in the switching database to see whether
the  pair ls unknown
0 lithe pair is unknown. the Switch Manager CPU learns the
 pair.
0 Otherwise, the XpressFlow Switch checks whether the pair has a
mismatched port ID. If the port ID associated with the  pair in the switching database is different
than the receiving port, the XpressFlow Switch modifies the port
ID In the switching database and notifies the Switch Manager
CPU about the new port change.
3. s x
\.J
Filtering
Al’ter performing the Learning process, the XpressFlow Switch
checks whether the:
0 Source port or destination port Is not in the lorwarding state.
0 The  pair or  pair is to be filtered. '
0 Source port ID is the same as destination port lD.
If any oi these conditions ls met. the XpressFlow Switch drops the re-
ceiving lrame. Otherwise, the XpressFlow Switch continues with the
forwarding process (described below).
Page 10 User's Manual , _
Switch Operations
Forwarding
During the forwarding process, the XpressFiow Switch checks
whether the  pair is unknown.
0 if the pair is unknown, the receiving frame floods to all ports, ex-
cept the source port.
0 Otherwise, the receiving frame Is forwarded to the port associ-
ated with the  pair.
Muiticast Switching
The following sections describe the Muiilcast Switching process for
VLAN-aware switches.
BPDU Checking
During multicast switching, XpressFlow Switch checks whether the
received frame Is a BPDU,
0 It a BPDU Is received, the frame is forwarded to the Switch Man-
ager CPU for further processing by the Spanning Tree Protocol.
0 Otherwise. the following processes are followed.
VLAN Classification
A frame received trorn an ingress port is classified to an associated
VLAN, according to its source MAC address or lngress port number.
The classification Is performed in the order of Level-2 VLAN (MAC
address-based VLAN), then Level-1 VLAN (port-based VLAN). It the
frame Is not associated with any Level-2 or Level-1 VLAN, it is classi-
fied into the default VLAN.
Learning
Ii the  pair of a received lrerne ls un-
known. the Switch Manager CPU learns the  pair; otherwise, the XpressFiow switch chests whether the
«cums MAC address, VLAN> pair has a mismatched port ID. If the
port ID associated with the  pair in the
' ' User's Manual P309 ‘1
Chapter 1, Introduction
Aging
switching database is different than the receiving port, the
XpressFiow Switch modifies the port ID in the switching database and
notifies the Switch Manager CPU about the new port change.
Filtering
if either the source port is not In the fonrvarding state or the  pair is to be filtered. the XpressFlow Switch
discards the received multicast frame.
Forwarding
Otherwise, the received multicesi frame floods to all ports in the
VLAN. except the source port. ‘
The XpressFIow Switch also performs the aging process for the
 pair In the switching database. Once a  pair is aged out, the switching database is modified
and the Switch Manger CPU performs house cleaning.
“M“
Page 12
User: Manual
connection to the network. However, VLANs are not limited by the
hardware constraints that physically connect traditional LAN seg-
ments to a network. As a result, VLANs can define a network into var-
ious logical configurations.
For example, VLANs can define a network by application. For In~
stance, a company might create one VLAN for multimedia users and
another Ior e-maii users. VLANs can also define a network by depart~
ment. For example. a company might have one VLAN for its Engi-
neering Department. another for its Marketing Department, and
another for Its Accounts Payable Department.
VLANs can also be set up according to the organilation structure
within a company. For example, the company president might have
his own VLAN, his executive staff might have a diflerent VLAN, and
the remaining employees might have yet a diflerent VLAN.
As these examples show, VLANs otter unparalleled flexibility. The toI‘
lowing sections describe how deploying VLANs can benefit organiza-
tions and reduce administration costs.
Broadcast Containment
VLANs offer a more cost-effective broadcast containment than
routers.
In traditional networks, traffic broadcasts to all network devices.
whetherthey are the Intended recipients or not. However. VLANs can
be set up to contain only those devices that need to communicate
with each other. As a result, VLANs significantly reduce network con-
gestion In addition, VLANs prevent broadcast storms Irom causing a
network meltdown due to volumes of trafilc.
.,
, 1,1.
User's Manual ' Page 13
Chapter 1. Introduction .
Reduced Cost of Network Administration
In traditional networks. administrators spend a great deal of time add-
Ing, moving. and deleting network users. For example. if users move
to a dllierent iP subnet location on the network. the administrator
must manually revise the IP addresses of each endstation. Il users
are deleted from the network. their IP address must also be deleted.
VLANs slmpiiiy these administrative activities. For example, it an end-
station in a VLAN moves to a dilierent port In the network. an admin-
istrator can speciiy the new port assignment quickly and easily using
the XpressFiow Switch console. This simplicity gives network admin-
istrators time to handle more imponant matters. "
Enhanced Fiexibiiltyfor Portable Network users
LAN routers make It very difficult to suppon mobile users on a net-
work. This is because a router's addressing scheme always expects
to find a given address on a given segment. Ii that address moves to
another segment. the router's tables need to be manually changed.
This is a very time-consuming process, so user mobility is discour-
aged in a router-based network.
VLANs, on the other hand, use either MAC addresses (Level-2
VLANs) or network addresses (Level-3 VLANs) to decide who con-
nects to whom and can therefore build up virtual teams of users . I;
based on MAC addresses. Regardless of location, the XpressFlow ‘ ‘
Switch in a VLAN configuration allows users of predefined work-
groups to communicate. .
In this way. VLANs eliminate the limitation in a traditional router envi-
ronment that requires all end stations sharing the same broadcast do-
main to reside In the same physical segment. As a result, virtual
workaroups can be dynamically reassigned according to changing
needs over time. without having to move hardware or manually
reconfigure the network.
Page 14
JUserl Manual
VLAN
Multicast-Based Multimedia Applications
Multimedia applications. such as Interactive training. video conferenc-
ing. and news-video transmissions. require large amounts of band-
width. These applications are also extremely sensitive to variable
. delays, which are unavoidable on a shared Ethernet network. By de~
. fining a VLAN based on the IP multicast address for all subscribing
1 members on the VLAN. sufficient bandwidth will be available for these
applications. providing true multimedia on Ethernet _
do
Enhanced Security
2 Because VLANs are self-contained, (ml)? the devices within the same
a VLAN can communicate with each other. If a device In one VLAN
wants to communicate with a device in another VLAN. the traffic must
5 go through a router.
VLAN Membership
Vertex's VLAN Implementation allows:
5 0 Up to S4 YLANs in one switch.
L. 0 VLANs across multiple switches by using expficit or implicit tag- '
ging.
0 An end station's network interface card to belong to multiple
VLANs.
0 A switch port to be associated with multiple VLANs,
Definitions ot VLAN Membership
Vertex‘s VLAN Implementation allows VLAN membership to be de-
fined based on ports or MAC addresses.
0 MAC address-based VLANs are based on the MAC address of
the end station. This means that users with portable computers
can connect to any point in the network. The XpressFlow Switch
will ensure that the user ls connected to the correct worlogroup.
User‘s Manual Page is
' l
Chapter 1, introduction
0 Port-based VLANs are organized by physical port number. For
example, switch ports 1. 2, 4, and a can be one VLAN, while
ports 3, 5, 7, and 8 can be another VLAN. Broadcasts from
serves within each group would only go to the members at its
own VLAN. This ensures that broadcast storms cannot cause a
network meltdown due to volumes of traffic.
Future VLAN implementations will support VLANs based on protocol
encapsulation and network layer address.
VLAN Membership Learning
Level-t VLAN is defined using a static binding between a VLAN and
its associated ports. The XpressFiow Switch‘s forwarding decision is .
based on the destination MAC address and its associated port in. ,
Therefore, to make valid forwarding and flooding decisions, the '
XpressFlow Switch Ieams the relationship of the MAC address to its
related port— and thus to the VLAN — at run-time.
Level-2 VLAN is defined using a static binding between a VLAN and
its associated MAC addresses. The XpressFlow Switch learns the re-
lationship ot a MAC address to its related parts as the switch per-
forms the learning process. As a resuit. the XpressFlaw Switch can
also learn the relationship of a VLAN and its associated ports at run-
time.
Remote VLAN Learning
To reduce the chance oi uplink flooding, the XpressFIow Switch sup-
ports remote VLAN Ieamlng within a Vertex Switching Domain. The
learning of remote VLANs is accomplished by piggybacklng the VLAN
ID in BPDUs used by the Spanning Tree Protocol.
When the XpressFiow Switch receives an explicitly tagged BPDU, It
learns the remote VLAN membership of a source link. while the STP
ignores the VLAN Tag and processes as usual. All XpressFlow
Switches can then learn remote VLANs quickly and efficiently. and
the VLAN membership binding will be known promptly to minimize
unnecessary flooding.
Page 16 ' Users Manual
. \. mt”.
VLAN
VLAN Membership Distribution and Management
The lEEE 802.10 committee Is working on the Group Address Regis-
tration Protocol (GAHP) mechanism, defined by the 802.1 P sub-
worklng group, as a centralized way to dynamically register and
deregister VLAN membership.
in addition. the 802.1 0 committee is creating VLAN-related MlBs,
which can be utilized as a way to globally distribute the VLAN defini-
tions and membership across switches from different vendors.
Vertex has been closely monitoring and actively participating in the
802.10 committee. and plans to implement the standards for VLAN
membership distribution and management as soon as they stabilize.
VLAN Configuration
Vertex currently provides a LocaVFtemote Management Console in-
terface for VLAN configuration and management. An SNMP MIB-
based solution will be provided when the 802.10 committee stabilizes
its VLAN MlB standard proposal. '
Until then. Vertex is reviewing Web browser-based network manage-
ment as a future VLAN configuration tool.
lntra-VLAN Communication
The XpressFlow Switch supports lntraTVLAN oommunlcation using
ASIC with Turbo-Cul-Through Switching. Safe-Cut-Through Switch—
ing. or Store-and-Forward Switching. The forwarding decision of a
packet will be effected by the filter-setting, and by the Spanning Tree
state of the source and destination ports.
Inter-VLAN Communication
The current generation of the XpressFlow Switch supports Inter-
VLAN communications using software-based routing with RIP
protocol.
_ _H~————__A
' ' User's Manual 9589 17

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