Nortel Networks BTRCTR380002-N 38GHz Microwave Transceiver (variant 2) User Manual
Nortel Networks Inc. 38GHz Microwave Transceiver (variant 2)
Contents
- 1. BTR User Manual
- 2. CTR User Manual
CTR User Manual
411-1333-205 Reunion CTR 38 GHz Sub-Band 38-02P Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide Release 1.2 March 1999 Reunion CTR 38 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide Document number: 411- 1333 - 205.01.02 Product release: Release 1.2 Document version: Preliminary Date: March 1999 Copyright Country of printing Confidentiality Legal statements Trademarks 1999 Northern Telecom Northern Telecom Ltd., all rights reserved Printed in Canada NORTHERN TELECOM CONFIDENTIAL: The information contained in this document is the property of Northern Telecom. Except as specifically authorized in writing by Northern Telecom, the holder of this document shall keep the information contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use same for evaluation, operation, and maintenance purposes only. Information is subject to change without notice. v Publication history December 1998 • • Draft release of the document Information subject to change without notice • • Preliminary release of the document Information subject to change without notice March 1999 Reunion CTR 38 Ghz Installation Guide vi 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 vii About this guide Purpose This guide provides the information required to install and operate the CTR 38 Ghz outdoor microwave transceiver. The CTR 38 Ghz is one of the Radio Frequency (RF) products that constitute a Nortel Networks Reunion product line. The associated products include the following types of cell site equipment: • broadband transmitters • broadband receivers • broadband repeaters • broadband transceivers Audience The audience for this document are those who install and operate the CTR 38 Ghz. To take full advantage of this guide, you should have a basic understanding of microwave fundamentals and know how to use microwave test equipment. Reunion CTR 38 Ghz Installation Guide viii Organization This Guide is divided into seven sections: • Product Overview describes the CTR 38 Ghz’s components and theory of operation. • Pre-Instalation describes the basics of handling the equipment upon arrival. • Reunion Safety Standards provide a quick review of general safety guidelines. • Installing the CTR 38 Ghz explains how to physically install the transceiver. • CTR 38 GHz Maintenance describes basic maintenance procedures to ensure that the transceiver is operating correctly. • CTR 38 GHz Diagnostic Reference Chart provides a quick troubleshooting guide. • Grounding and Surge Protection explains basic grounding and lightening protections requirements and methods for the Reunion equipment. List of terms provides a quick reference to terms and acronyms found in the guide. • 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 ix Documentation Suite This Reunion Release has a suite of fifteen documents: Reunion System Overview, 411- 1343 - 010 Reunion Network Node Equipment Installation Guide, 411- 1313 - 200 Reunion NIU 6054 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1323 - 201 Reunion NIU 6154 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1323 - 202 Reunion NIU 5008 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1323 - 203 Reunion BTR 28 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1333 - 202 Reunion CTR 28 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1333 - 203 Reunion BTR 38 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1333 - 204 Reunion CTR 38 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1333 - 205 Reunion Redundancy Switching Matrix Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1313 - 201 Reunion Procedures Reference Manual, 411-1343-400 DSS for the NNE User Guide, 411-1343-501 Reunion DSS 1000 for the NIU 6054 User Guide, 411-1343-502 Reunion DSS 1000 for the NIU 6154 User Guide, 411-1343-503 Reunion DSS 1000 for the NIU 5008 User Guide, 411-1343-504 Reunion CTR 38 Ghz Installation Guide x Customer Support In addition, Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) provides 24-hour customer service and technical support to ensure your service operation is trouble-free. If you have questions or need technical support, contact Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access at the following telephone numbers: • In the USA and Canada, call 972-BWA-ETAS/972-292-3827 • Fax (204) 631-2475 Write Nortel Networks at: • Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access 14 Fultz Blvd. Winnipeg, Manitoba R3Y 1V3 Canada 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 xi Contents Publication history v About this guide vii Purpose vii Audience vii Organization viii Documentation Suite viii Customer Support ix Contents xi CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 1-1 Product Overview 1-1 How the CTR 38 GHz Works 1-2 CTR 38 GHz Specification 1-4 CTR 38 GHz Component Descriptions 1-6 Diplexer / Power Supply 1-6 Mixer 1-6 Dielectric Resonance Oscillator (DRO) 1-6 Isolator 1-6 Bandpass Filter 1-6 Low Noise Amplifier 1-7 Power Amplifier 1-7 Duplexer 1-7 Antenna 1-7 Pre-Installation 1-8 Prevention of Access 1-8 Unpacking Shipment 1-8 Reunion Safety Standards 1-9 Safety Disclaimer 1-9 General Safety 1-9 Electrical Safety 1-9 Installing the CTR 38 GHz 1-10 Mounting Bracket Assembly 1-10 Installing the Tower Equipment 1-11 Installing Indoor Equipment (NIU 5008 only) 1-12 Installing Indoor Equipment (NIU 6054 only) 1-13 CTR 38 GHz Maintenance 1-20 Mechanical Checks 1-20 CTR 38 GHz Diagnostic Reference Chart 1-21 CTR 38 Ghz Installation Guide xii Grounding and Surge Protection 2-1 Grounding/Lightning Protection 2-1 Scope 2-1 Grounding Methods/Indoor Equipment 2-1 Wire Gauge Guidelines 2-2 Outdoor Equipment: the need for surge (lightning) protection 2-3 Ground connections to outdoor equipment 2-7 Regulatory Considerations 2-10 List of terms 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 3-1 1-1 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 Product Overview The CTR 38 GHz outdoor transceiver is a customer premise transceiver designed to operate in the Receiver (RX) 39.45 to 39.65 GHz and Transmitter (TX) 38.75 to 38.95 GHz frequency bands. It is a Nortel Reunion product which operates in conjunction with base station products. It is compatible with Reunion’s Release 1.2 equipment. The CTR 38 GHz transceiver is mounted on a pole or a building. It features a small size and low noise characteristics. The combination of digital modulation and low-loss mounting results in an efficient and low-cost installation. It has a high-stability reference oscillator. The CTR 38 GHz features the following attributes: • light-weight and compact packaging designed for mounting outdoors • solid-state upconverter and downconverter designs • high frequency stability over a wide temperature range • standard 18 VDC input for use around the world The transceiver comprises the following components: • diplexer • power supply • mixers • local oscillator • isolators • bandpass filters • low noise amplifier (LNA) • power amplifier • duplexer • antenna Reunion CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide 1-2 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 Figure 1-1 CTR 38 GHz Block Diagram Diplexer 18 VDC IF/PS Input Power Supply TX Filter P. Amp. TX Filter 12 VDC Antenna DRO Mixer Duplexer Mixer RX Filter LNA RX Filter LO Test Port IF Output VHF-AMP How the CTR 38 GHz Works This section provides an overview of the theory of operation for the CTR 38 GHz outdoor transceiver. Its installation on a pole or building enhances transmitting and receiving capabilities by avoiding the need for long expensive waveguide runs. This technique minimizes the power loss from waveguide attenuation, which results in a highly efficient, compact and cost-effective installation. Minimum maintenance is required. The high-stability reference oscillator ensures that the transmitter and receiver remain on frequency over a wide operating range. The radio uses a common input cable to carry the 18 VDC and transmit intermediate frequency (IF) signals. The DC power supply and the IF signals are separated by the diplexer in the radio. The radio uses a common antenna for both the transmit and receive microwave signals. 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 1-3 1. The CTR transceiver’s input coaxial cable carries the IF signals and the 18 VDC power supply to the diplexer. The diplexer distributes the DC power to the power supply unit and interfaces with the mixer for the IF signals. 2. The 450-650 MHz transmit IF signals enter the mixer which upconverts the signals to the 38.75 to 38.95 GHz band for the transmit path. The received 39.45 to 39.65 GHz RF band is downconverted to a receive signal in the 50-250 MHz range. 3. The local oscillator (LO) provides local oscillator signal to the mixer. The LO uses a phase-locked dielectric resonance oscillator (DRO) with an oven controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO). 4. The bandpass filters remove the undesired sideband signals, in both the transmit and receive paths. 5. The upconverted signal is fed into the power amplifier which provides the required gain to the microwave signals. The power amplifier output is connected to the antenna through the filter and duplexer. 6. The received RF simultaneously passes through the antenna, the band pass filter, the Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), and enters the downconverter mixer. There are three connectors on the outside of the transceiver case: • The IF (TX) and power supply input uses a Type N female jack • The IF (RX) output uses a Type N female jack • Test Port uses SMA jack Reunion CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide 1-4 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 CTR 38 GHz Specification Table 1: CTR 38 GHz Specifications TX IF Input RF Output Frequency Range 450-650 MHz 38.75-38.95 GHz >21 dBm, -40° to +30° C Output Level (P1dB) >20.7 dBm, +30° to +50° C >20.2 dBm, +50° to +55° C 29.0 dBm, -40° to +30° C Output Level (IP3) 28.7 dBm, +30° to +50° C 28.3 dBm, +50° to +55° C Input Impedance 50 Ohms Input/Output Connector N Type Female WR-28 Cover Flange Input VSWR 1.8:1, max 1.6:1, max Gain (not including antenna) 27 ±5 dB Gain over Temperature ±2.0 dB, (-40° to +55° C) Gain Flatness ±1.5 dB over bandwidth Frequency Stability ±2 ppm, max, (-40° to +55° C) RX RF Input IF Output Frequency Range 39.45-39.65 GHz 50-250 MHz Nominal Input Level - 50 dBm Input/Output Connector WR-28 N Type Female Output VSWR 1.6:1, max 1.6:1, max Gain (not including antenna) 39 ±5 dB Gain Stability ±2.0 dB over temperature Gain Flatness ±1.5 dB over bandwidth Output Impedance 50 Ohms Noise Figure < 7.5 dB, -40° to +30° C < 7.8 dB, +30° to +50° C <8.3 dB, +50° to +55° C Frequency Stability ±2 ppm, (-40° to +55°C) Test Port -20, SMA 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 1-5 Antenna CTR Frequency 38-40 GHz Gain 30 dB, minimum TX / RX wave polarity linear, single pole Full Duplex one antenna Power Supply CTR Input Voltage 16 VDC, 3A, max diplexed with TX cable Input Current <3 Amp Input Power 48 Watts, maximum Environmental CTR Humidity 100% condensing Operating Temperature (base plate) -40 to +55° C Storage Temperature Range -60 to +75° C Mechanical CTR Size (Height x Diameter) 15.19" x 12.4" Weight without brackets 7 lbs. (3.2 KG) Note: Use the following formula to calculate the converted frequency: TX: ƒRF OUT (GHz) = 39.4 - ƒIF IN (GHz) RX: ƒIF OUT (GHz) = ƒRF IN (GHz) -39.4 Reunion CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide 1-6 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 CTR 38 GHz Component Descriptions Diplexer / Power Supply The diplexer separates the IF input signals and the DC power supply. The isolation between the IF path and the power supply path is more than 45 dB. A transient voltage protector on the board helps to protect the transceiver from possible lightning damage. The 18 VDC power from the diplexer is first regulated to 12 VDC for all the modules. Mixer The CTR 38 GHz uses a third harmonic mixer. The mixer uses a third harmonic local oscillator (LO) signal to convert the IF input signals to the 38.75-38.95 GHz microwave frequency band. The same LO is used to downconvert the incoming microwave signals to the receive IF frequency band. Dielectric Resonance Oscillator (DRO) The Dielectric Resonance Oscillator is equipped with a OCXO reference oscillator. When the DRO is phase-locked, it provides a 13.133333 GHz microwave frequency stability derived from the reference crystal. When the DRO is phase-locked, the phase-locked voltage at the test port on the DRO can vary from 3 VDC to 10 VDC. The voltage at the alarm test port is approximately 5 VDC. When the DRO is unlocked, the phase-locked voltage becomes an oscillating ramp wave. The voltage at the alarm test port goes down to 0 VDC. Isolator Three isolators provide adequate return loss in the CTR 38 GHz. Each isolator’s maximum forward insertion loss is 0.5 dB, and its return loss is greater than 18 dB. Bandpass Filter The bandpass filter removes the undesired sideband elements and LO leakage, and passes the required sideband signals. 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 1-7 Low Noise Amplifier The low noise amplifier (LNA) provides gain in the receive path and amplifies the received microwave signals to the mixer. The gain and noise figure of the LNA are chosen to maximize the overall dynamic range and noise performance of the CTR 38 GHz receiver section. Power Amplifier The power amplifier provides gain in the transmit path. It boosts the signals in the 38.75-38.95 GHz frequency range to the required level. The amplifier is a solid state amplifier that has high linearity within a high output power range. Duplexer The CTR 38 GHz uses the duplexer to combine and separate the transmit and receive RF signals, allowing use of a common antenna for receiver and transmitter. Antenna The CTR 38 GHz uses a reflector antenna to transmit and receive RF signals. The CTR polarity must be polarized with the BTR polarity. The CTR 38 GHz operates only in a vertical or a horizontal polarization. Note: V= vertical TX wave polarization H= horizontal TX wave polarization Note: Lightening arrestors are not supplied with the CTR transceiver. Reunion CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide 1-8 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 Pre-Installation Prevention of Access Allow only authorized personnel to access the equipment. Install the equipment in a restricted-access location or similar environment. Failure to prevent unauthorized user access invalidates the equipment warranty. Unpacking Shipment Use the following steps to unpack and inspect the shipment of Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access equipment: 1. Copy adequate Inventory Forms 2. Check each package against the order form and packing slip to ensure that all components are received 3. Check each package for signs of damage 4. Open the package and closely inspect all components for obvious signs of damage 5. Know exactly where you are going to place the equipment, before removing them from the package 6. Carefully remove the equipment from the packaging 7. Save packing material for future use 8. Be aware of electrostatic discharge devices (ESD) requirements when handling BWA equipment Note: For more information, refer to the Electronic Industries Association (EIA) standard, Requirements for Handling ElectrostaticDischarge-Sensitive Devices (ESDS), EIA-625, as well as local and national standards. 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 1-9 Reunion Safety Standards Safety and safety considerations are important while using Nortel Broadband Wireless Access equipment. Safety Disclaimer The safety standards discussed in this guide cannot address all safety problems associated with their use or all applicable regulatory requirements. The customers are responsible for establishing appropriate safety and health practices and for determining the applicability of regulatory limitations before their use. General Safety Ensure that installation personnel are trained on CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation), as well as on local, regional and national safety standards. When working on Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access equipment, follow these guidelines: • Keep your work site clean and free of clutter. • Wear close fitting clothing. • Remove jewelry such as rings, bracelets, or watches. • Where it is possible to dislodge small pieces, wear eye protection. • Place equipment or cabinets on level surfaces. • Wear a safety belt when climbing a tower and installing equipment on a tower. • Work in pairs so that you have someone to help in case of an emergency. Electrical Safety Locate the main power shut-off switch controlling the equipment you are working on. This is important in the event of an accident, so you can quickly cut the power. Disconnect all power when working on power supplies. In an emergency (electrocution): • shut the power off. • have someone call for emergency medical assistance • start CPR Warning Do not move in front of the antenna, nor look directly into the face of the antenna when the CTR 38 GHz is running. Reunion CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide 1-10 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 Installing the CTR 38 GHz Installation involves three separate operations: • mounting bracket assembly • installing the tower equipment • installing the indoor equipment For information about installing the antenna(s) and such aspects as line of sight, antenna mast spacing, coverage angle, etc., refer to the Network Engineering Package and the Design Document. Mounting Bracket Assembly It is recommended that you assemble the mounting brackets on the ground prior to mounting them on the pole. See Figures 1-7, 1-8, and 1-9. Tools You require the following tools to assemble the brackets: i. Allen Key ii. two open ended wrenches or a wrench and a socket Steps Bolt the two side supports onto either side of the ‘U bracket support.’ ii Align the holes in the U bracket with the holes in the ‘base support. Ensure that the flat surface of the base support is in the upward position, while the curved/concave surface faces downward. iii Bolt the assembled U bracket support to the narrow end of the ‘base support.’ iv Position the assembled pole mounting hardware on the mounting pole at the point you want to mount the CTR. Bolt the assembled mounting hardware to the two saddle brackets using the supplied 6" threaded bolts. Ensure that the bracket is securely tighten and correctly positioned on the mounting pole before attaching the radio. 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 1-11 Installing the Tower Equipment Install the CTR 38 GHz microwave transceiver as follows: 1. Mount the CTR 38 GHz to a stable pole using the supplied mounting brackets. Ensure that you assembled the mounting brackets prior to attaching the CTR. See Figure 1-9. The mounting brackets accommodate poles with outside diameters from 2" to 4.5". See Figures 1-5 and 1-6. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The CTR 38 GHz requires 18 VDC (3A) power supply unit. Connect the IF/power supply input cable to the CTR’s N-type IF IN 18 VDC port. See Figures 1-4 and 1-5. Connect the RX cable from the CTR’s N-type IF OUT port to the NIU’s RX port. See Figures 1-4 and 1-5. Seal all connections using Coax-Seal® or equivalent, cold shrink or hot shrink tubing. Ground all RF cables at the recommended spacing intervals. (Refer to tower and cable manufacturers’ specifications). Ensure that all feed lines are securely attached to the support structure. Plan for drip (service) loops on all cables. Caution Do not turn on the power supply until the installation is complete. After you install the equipment, check the cable connections. Reunion CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide 1-12 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 Installing Indoor Equipment (NIU 5008 only) Install the NIU 5008 equipment associated with the CTR 38 GHz microwave transceiver as follows: 1. Connect the CPI 9000 (power inserter) to -48 VDC power source. 2. Adjust voltage out of CPI 9000. It is adjustable from 17V to 21V, depending on cable length and type. 3. Connect power inserter unit’s IF IN port (N-type connector) to the NIU’s IF OUT N-type (bulkhead) connector as shown in Figure 1-2. 4. Connect CTR 38 GHz IF/PS cable to the CPI 9000 output (PS/IF) port (N-type connector). 5. Connect CTR 38 GHz RX cable to NIU IF IN N-type (bulkhead) connector. 6. Refer to Reunion NIU 5008 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1323 - 203, and the Network Engineering Package. Figure 1-2 Block Diagram showing CTR 38 GHz indoor set-up with NIU 5008 -48 VDC DC In CMM CDM -48 DC TX IF In 18 V CPI 9000 RX NIU 5008 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 to CTR 38 GHz IF/PS from CTR 38 GHz RX CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 1-13 Installing Indoor Equipment (NIU 6054 only) Install the NIU 6054 equipment associated with the CTR 38 GHz microwave transceiver as follows: 1. Adjust voltage out of NIU 6054. It is adjustable from 17V to 21 V, depending on cable length and type. 2. Connect CTR 38 GHz IF/PS cable to the NIU 6054’s output (PS/IF) port (N-type connector). 3. Connect CTR 38 GHz RX cable to NIU N-type (bulkhead) connector. 4. Refer to Reunion NIU 6054 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide, Release 1.1, 411- 1323 - 201, and the Network Engineering Package. Figure 1-3 Block Diagram showing CTR 38 GHz indoor set-up with NIU 6054 IF OUT/DC Power IF IN/DC Power CTR NIU IF IN IF OUT Reunion CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide 1-14 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 Figure 1-4 The CTR 38 GHz Back View-Showing Input and Output Points TX/V Polarity Symbol IF OUT Drainage Hole IF IN 18 VDC LO Test Port Bracket Drainage Hole 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 1-15 Figure 1-5 CTR 38 GHz Mounted to a Pole-Back View Polarity Symbol IF OUT IF IN 18 VDC Drainage Hole LO Test Port U-Bracket Support Base Support Mounting Pole Saddles Drainage Hole 6 “ threaded bolt Reunion CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide 1-16 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 Figure 1-6 CTR 38 GHz Mounted on a Pole - Side View Antenna Module Connectors CTR 38 GHz LO Test Port 90° 55° Mounting Pole 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 1-17 Figure 1-7 Bracket Components Base Support U Bracket Support Side Support Saddles for pole mounting Bolts - 6” threaded Figure 1-8 Bracket Mounted on the Pole Side Support U-Bracket Support Saddle Bolts Base Support Reunion CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide 1-18 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 Figure 1-9 CTR mounted to a Pole IF OUT LO Test Port IF IN 18 VDC Saddle Side Support Bolt U-Bracket Support Base Support Note: This is a previous model of the CTR, however it shows bracket assembly. Figure 1-10 CTR 38 GHz with Connectors IF In 18 VDC IF Out LO Test Port Drainage Hole U-Bracket Support 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 1-19 Figure 1-11 CTR 38 GHz Angled View with Bracket IF Out Drainage Holes IF In 18 VDC LO Test Port U-Bracket Support Figure 1-12 CTR 38 GHz Bottom View with Bracket IF Out LO Test Port Drainage Hole IF In 18 VDC U-Bracket Support Reunion CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide 1-20 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 CTR 38 GHz Maintenance Establish a regular check procedure. This quickly identifies any problem which might develop. There are no repairable internal components in the CTR 38 GHz. Therefore, the checks focus on the exterior features of the transceiver unit. Mechanical Checks Check the following mechanical areas to prevent problems. 1. Check the bolts and fasteners which hold the transceiver, waveguides, and antenna. Vibrations due to wind can cause bolts and fasteners to loosen. Verify that equipment is secure and properly mounted. If the bolts or fasteners are loose, tighten them carefully. Use lock and spring washers. 2. Check to ensure that all connections between the transceiver and antenna remain watertight. If water enters the waveguide or coaxial connections, it can cause attenuation of the microwave signals. If water is detected, call Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access. 3. Visually inspect all equipment for signs of external damage. If signs of damage are detected, call Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access. Note: If you detect an unsolvable problem during the electrical and mechanical inspections, contact Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access so that action can be taken to rectify the problem. 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 1-21 CTR 38 GHz Diagnostic Reference Chart Symptom Possible Cause Check Procedure Output power low 1. VHF input signal level low. a. Check VHF signal level. b. Check coaxial cable. c. Check cable connectors. d. Check antenna for blockage (e.g. guano) No power a. check main fuse power b. check cable connections If you detect any problem during the electrical and mechanical checks, contact Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access so that action can be taken to rectify the problem. Caution Warranty void if seal is opened. This means do not attempt to remove cover. Caution Warranty void if CTR is not equipped with lightening arrestor. Reunion CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide 1-22 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 2-1 Grounding and Surge Protection Grounding/Lightning Protection Scope This chapter presents guidelines for the grounding and electrical protection of Reunion equipment in typical buildings, assuming 1. indoor equipment is installed in an appropriate equipment room and 2. outdoor equipment is installed on rooftops using a pole mount. Further, Nortel Networks assumes building electrical systems comply with the appropriate national and local regulations. Grounding Methods/Indoor Equipment Components of a communications system can be grounded together using an isolated bonding network (IBN). The IBN can be configured in several different ways: 1. Mesh 2. Mesh – IBN with bonding mat 3. Star or sparse-mesh In turn, the IBN is bonded at a single point to the Common Bonding Network (CBN) that forms the principal bonding network in a building. Figure 2-1 shows a typical installation: CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide 2-2 Grounding and Surge Protection Figure 2-1 Typical Grounding configuration for Indoor Equipment Collector Cable Cabinet 1 Cabinet 2 Cabinet 3 Cabinet N Mesh Connection SPG The single point ground (SPG) represents the connection of IBN to the building grounding system. Wire Gauge Guidelines Main bonding conductors All main bonding conductors in the equipment room shall be No. 2 AWG or larger copper wires. Other bonding conductors All other bonding conductors in the room, including • bonding individual frames/cabinets to the collector cable, supplementary conductor or BPG • bonding conductors of other metallic objects such as cable trays and building utility equipment are No. 6 AWG or larger insulated copper conductors. 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 Grounding and Surge Protection 2-3 Outdoor Equipment: the need for surge (lightning) protection Apart from the need to provide good grounding for safety, outdoor equipment is subject to more environmental hazards than is indoor equipment. Radio communication equipment, with antennas mounted well above ground level, have conductive parts exposed to lightning. Safety needs are met by grounding practices and protection needs are met by a combination of grounding and protective devices. Many protective devices are available: • air terminals, • solid state OVPs, • filters, • zeners, • MoVs, • isolators • capacitors, • resistors, • QWS and more. The application of these devices is beyond the scope of this document. The equipment designer needs to consider both the protection requirements and the geographic region where the equipment is installed. Grounding and Lightning Protection In general, all exposed metallic equipment must be grounded. Besides the need for lightning protection, it is desirable to conduct induced current to ground through as low a resistance as possible, along as short a path as possible. In practice this means multiple ground connections and multiple conductors. Figure 2-2 shows a typical rooftop installation of Reunion customer premise equipment. Figure 2-3 shows a typical rooftop installation of Reunion base station transceiver (BTR). The radio equipment should, where possible, be grounded through the ground lug using a 6AWG bonding wire to the building common bonding network. Alternatively, the equipment can be grounded through the mounting bracket. Provision must be made to prevent corrosion on the metallic contact surfaces. Similarly, the installer shall ensure that there is a good metallic connection to the building CBN. If a common mounting plate is used for the two redundant BTRs and the radio power extractor (RPE), the installer shall insure that ground continuity to the CBN is maintained and corrosion protection is applied. The common CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide 2-4 Grounding and Surge Protection mounting plate should be considered as an alternative bonding to the preferred technique of separately bonding each BTR and RPE. The size of the bonding wire should be #6 AWG. The coaxial cable shall be bonded at least at the RPE/BTR/CTR and at the building entry. For a tower higher than 30 meters (98 ft), the cable shall be bonded at 30 meter intervals. The size of the bonding conductor shall be #6 AWG or larger. Mount the radio in an area protected from lightning strikes. If local conditions require an air terminal, install it in accordance with ANSI/NFPA 780. The air terminals are shown schematically in Figures 1-2 and 1-3. The air terminal (lightning rod) if used, is at least 1 meter (3.3 ft) above the highest object being protected and within 2 meters (6.6 ft) ± 30 cm (1.0 ft) of the object. Caution Do not install Reunion equipment on lightning protection air terminals. 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 Grounding and Surge Protection 2-5 Figure 2-2 Rooftop Installation of Reunion Base Radio Equipment NOTE Lightning rod The outer coaxial cable conductor is bonded (grounded) at the building entrance and at the customer premise transceiver (CTR). Steel pipe mount 6.4 cm (2.5 in.) 1 m 3.3 ft CTR Building entrance Grounding plate to common bonding network Surge arrestors 2 m ± 30 cm 6.6 ± 1.0 ft to common bonding network CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide 2-6 Grounding and Surge Protection Figure 2-3 Rooftop Installation of Reunion Base Radio Equipment Lightning rod NOTE The outer conductor of the coaxial cable is grounded at the building ground’s entrance and at the BTR. On the building side, the RPE comes equipped with surge arrestors. 1 m 3.3 ft Steel pipe mount 6.4 cm (2.5 in.) BTR Redundant radios BTR Surge arrestors Building entrance RPE Grounding plate Surge arrestors to common bonding network 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 2 m ± 30 cm 6.6 ± 1.0 ft to common bonding network Grounding and Surge Protection 2-7 Ground connections to outdoor equipment The grounding lug is supplied with all current releases of outdoor brackets. In addition, a 6 AWG braided ground wire connected to the common bonding network is required to complete the ground connection for all microwave products. Note: There is no grounding lug supplied with previously-released microwave products. To retrofit these installations, order one retrofit kit for each sector and use the following procedures. Retrofit procedure for grounding the base station equipment (BTR and RPE) You will need an NTVG15BA BTR and RPE grounding retrofit kit for every base station sector to be retrofitted, containing the following parts: Item Qty Vendor part no. Description CPC no. LCA6-38 6 AWG, 3/8” compression terminal (Panduit) for BTR A0297956 LCA6-14 6 AWG, 1/4” compression terminal (Panduit) for RPE A0315080 W-2064 1/4” Stainless steel internal tooth lock washer (Spaenaur) for RPE TBD W-2069 3/8” Stainless steel internal tooth lock washer (Spaenaur) for BTR TBD Use the following method to install the kit on the BTR, referring to Figure 2-4: Remove the 3/8” mounting bolt, two flat washers and the mounting washer from the BTR. Discard one flat washer and the locking washer. Crimp the 3/8 terminal (A0297956) onto the grounding wire. Install the existing bolt, flat washer, new internal tooth washer, and the complete ground cable as shown in Figure 2-4. Use the following method to install the kit on the RPE, referring to Figure 2-4: Remove the 1/4” mounting bolt and split lock washer as shown in Figure 2-4. Crimp the 1/4 terminal (A0315080) onto the grounding wire. Install the ¼” original mounting bolt and a stainless steel internal tooth washer. Repeatedly tighten and loosen the fastener assembly, rotating the internal tooth lock washer, until the powder coating is scraped off and the bare metal is exposed. Repeat this procedure if required. Discard the internal tooth washer used to remove the powder coating. Using new stainless steel internal tooth washers, assemble the complete ground cable connection, as per Figure 2-4. CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide 2-8 Grounding and Surge Protection Figure 2-4 Grounding the BTR and RPE BTR Internal tooth lock washer Existing socket head capscrew Existing split lock washer Internal tooth lock washer Cable (not provided) RPE Existing flat washer Existing Hex head capscrew Cable (not provided) Retrofit procedure for grounding the customer premise equipment (CTR) You will need an NTVG15CA CTR grounding retrofit kit for every CTR to be retrofitted, containing the following parts: Item Qty Vendor part no. Description CPC no. LCA6-38 1/4” Stainless steel internal tooth lock washer (Spaenaur) TBD LCA6-14 6 AWG, 1/4” compression terminal (Burndy) for CTR A0315080 1/4” stainless steel flat washer P0883797 1/4” x 1” Stainless steel hex head bolt P0888501 1/4” Stainless steel nut P0860421 MS35649-2254 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 Grounding and Surge Protection 2-9 Use the following method to install the kit on the CTR, referring to Figure 2-5: Install the ¼” stainless steel hex bolt, stainless steel flat washer and the stainless steel internal tooth washer through one of the four holes in the CTR. (Refer to Figure 2-5 for the hole location.) Install a stainless steel internal tooth washer, stainless steel flatwasher and the 1/4” nut onto the assembly installed in Step 1. Repeatedly tighten and loosen the fastener assembly, rotating the internal tooth lock washer, until the powder coating is scraped off and the bare metal is exposed. Repeat this procedure if required. Discard the internal tooth washer used to remove the powder coating. Using new stainless steel internal tooth washers, assemble the complete ground cable connection, as per Figure 2-5. Figure 2-5 Grounding the CTR CTR Hex head capscrew Flat washer Internal tooth Lock washer Hex nut Cable (not provided) CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide 2-10 Grounding and Surge Protection Regulatory Considerations Electrical 1. UL1950/IEC950 Lightning protection 1. UL1492 2. IEC 65 3. IEEE/ANSI C62.41 4. Bellcore GR-1089-CORE 5. ANSI/NFPA 780 Lightning Protection Code Grounding 1. CCITT Rec K.27 2. Corporate Standard 4122, Grounding of Communication Systems It is assumed that building construction complies with NEC Article 250 (US) or CEC Section 10 (Canada). In the US the recommended ground resistance is 5 ohms and the maximum for a single electrode is 25 ohms. 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 3-1 List of terms AC Alternating Current Air Terminal Another name for lightning rod AWG American Wire Gauge DBMS Digital Broadband Microwave System DC Direct Current DRO Dielectric Resonance Oscillator Earthing Another term for grounding used by safety agencies. Earthing is the term often seen in safety standards. EIA Electronic Industries Association ESD Electrostatic Discharge FCC Federal Communications Commission IBN Isolated Bonding Network Reunion CTR 38 Ghz Installation Guide 3-2 List of terms IC Industry Canada IF Intermediate Frequency kHz kilohertz, one thousand hertz or cycles per second LO Local Oscillator LNA Low Noise Amplifier LNB Low Noise Block Downconverter MHz MegaHertz, one million hertz or cycles per second NIU Network Interface Unit OCXO Oven-Controlled Crystal Oscillator PA Power Amplifier PI Power Inserter PS Power Supply QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, which entails modulating frequency RF Radio Frequency RMM Radio Modem Module 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 List of terms 3-3 SPG Single Point Ground VAC Voltage Alternating Current VDC Voltage Direct Current (Volts Direct Current) VHF Very High Frequency Reunion CTR 38 Ghz Installation Guide 3-4 List of terms 411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 Family Product Manual Contacts Copyright Confidentiality Legal statements DocInfo Reunion CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide Nortel Broadband Wireless Access 14 Fultz Blvd. Winnipeg, Manitoba R3Y 1V3 Phone: 972-BWA-ETAS/972-292-3827; Fax: 204-631-2475 1-800-4-NORTEL (1-800-466-7835) http://www.nortel.com 1999 Northern Telecom Northern Telecom Ltd., all rights reserved NORTHERN TELECOM CONFIDENTIAL: The information contained in this document is the property of Northern Telecom. Except as specifically authorized in writing by Northern Telecom, the holder of this document shall keep the information contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use same for evaluation, operation, and maintenance purposes only. Information is subject to change without notice. Publication number: 411-1333- 205.01.02 Product release : Release 1.2 Document version: Preliminary Date: March 1999 Printed in Canada
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