Norton Abrasives Paper Shredder 8 Users Manual EN PartitionMagic 8.05 User Guide
8 to the manual 538c19b7-f005-4203-b648-b68be490b139
2015-02-05
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Norton™ PartitionMagic 8.0 ® Includes Symantec™ BootMagic® User’s Guide Norton™ PartitionMagic® 8.0 User Guide © 1994-2004 Symantec Corporation All rights reserved. This product and/or its use may be covered by one or more of the following patents: 5,675,769; 5,706,472; 5,930,831; 6,088,778; 6,108,697; 6,108,759; 6,173,291; 6,178,487; 6,178,503; 6,185,575; 6,185,666; 6,253,300; 6,330,653; and 6,377,958. Additional patents may be pending. The software described in this book is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. Copyright Notice Copyright ©2004 Symantec Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Any technical documentation that is made available by Symantec Corporation is the copyrighted work of Symantec Corporation and is owned by Symantec Corporation. NO WARRANTY. The technical documentation is being delivered to you AS-IS, and Symantec Corporation makes no warranty as to its accuracy or use. Any use of the technical documentation or the information contained therein is at the risk of the user. Documentation may include technical or tother inaccuracies or typographical errors. Symantec reserves the right to make changes without prior notice. No part of this publication may be copied without the express written permission of Symantec Corporation, 20330 Stevens Creek Blvd., Cupertino, CA 95014. Trademarks Symantec, the Symantec logo, and Norton PartitionMagic are U.S. registered trademarks of Symantec Corporation. Norton, BootMagic, Drive Image, DriveMapper, and GoBack are trademarks of Symantec Corporation in the United States and elsewhere. DOS, Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of the respective owners. 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This Agreement and any related License Module is the entire agreement between You and Symantec relating to the Software and: (i) supersedes all prior or contemporaneous oral or written communications, proposals, and representations with respect to its subject matter; and (ii) prevails over any conflicting or additional terms of any quote, order, acknowledgment, or similar communications between the parties. This Agreement shall terminate upon Your breach of any term contained herein and You shall cease use of and destroy all copies of the Software. The disclaimers of warranties and damages and limitations on liability shall survive termination. Software and documentation is delivered Ex Works California, U.S.A. or Dublin, Ireland respectively (ICC INCOTERMS 2000). This Agreement may only be modified by a License Module that accompanies this license or by a written document that has been signed by both You and Symantec. Should You have any questions concerning this Agreement, or if You desire to contact Symantec for any reason, please write to: (i) Symantec Customer Service, 555 International Way, Springfield, OR 97477, U.S.A., (ii) Symantec Authorized Service Center, Postbus 1029, 3600 BA Maarssen, The Netherlands, or (iii) Symantec Customer Service, 1 Julius Ave, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia. v vi Table of Contents Introduction What Is PartitionMagic? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 New Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 1: Getting Started PartitionMagic System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Installing PartitionMagic under Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Creating Rescue Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Before Running PartitionMagic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Running PartitionMagic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Setting a Password for PartitionMagic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Uninstalling PartitionMagic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics PartitionMagic Main Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Rescue Disk Main Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Process Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Selecting a Hard Disk and Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Selecting an Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Undoing an Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Viewing Pending Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Applying Changes to Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Supported File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Changing PartitionMagic Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Using International Keyboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Defragmenting a Hard Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions Integrity Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Browsing Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Resizing and Moving Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Creating Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Deleting Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Norton PartitionMagic vii Undeleting Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Changing Partition Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Formatting Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Copying Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Checking Partitions for Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Merging Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Splitting Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Getting Information About Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Scanning a Disk for Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Defragmenting Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Chapter 4: Completing Advanced Disk Operations Changing a Drive Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Retesting Bad Sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Hiding and Unhiding Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Resizing the Root Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Setting an Active Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Resizing Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Chapter 5: Converting Partitions Procedure for Converting Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Converting FAT Partitions to FAT32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Converting FAT Partitions to NTFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Converting FAT32 Partitions to FAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Converting FAT32 Partitions to NTFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Converting FAT/FAT32 Partitions to 4K Aligned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Converting NTFS Partitions to FAT or FAT32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Converting Partitions to Logical or Primary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Chapter 6: Using Wizards Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Running Wizards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Create New Partition Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Create Backup Partition Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Install Another Operating System Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Resize a Partition Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Redistribute Free Space Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 viii Table of Contents Merge Partitions Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Copy Partition Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Chapter 7: Using PartitionMagic Utilities Changing Drive Letter References with DriveMapper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Switching between Bootable Partitions with PQBoot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Chapter 8: BootMagic Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Configuring BootMagic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Setting BootMagic Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Adding an Operating System to the BootMagic Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Removing an Item from the BootMagic Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Modifying a Menu Item’s Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Setting a Default Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Booting from a Second Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Setting the Startup Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Disabling BootMagic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Using the BootMagic Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Using BootMagic to Install Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Appendix A: Using PartitionMagic With Other Programs Norton Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Disk Compression Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Operating System Boot Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Virus Protection Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Drive Overlay Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 SoundBlaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 GoBack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Defragmenting Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Appendix B: Troubleshooting General Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Generating Diagnostic Reports with PartitionInfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Error Messages and Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Exit Code 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Norton PartitionMagic ix Appendix C: Service and Support Solutions Customer service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Technical support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Subscription policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Worldwide service and support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Service and support offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Index x Table of Contents Introduction What Is PartitionMagic? Norton™ PartitionMagic® is a utility that lets you quickly and easily create, delete, merge, or convert file systems of partitions on your hard disk without destroying existing data. PartitionMagic will make your hard disk more efficient and provide greater security for your data. PartitionMagic enables you to secure your data by physically separating it from other files. Separate partitions also make backups easy. PartitionMagic helps you reliably run multiple operating systems on the same computer. PartitionMagic also includes BootMagic, a powerful boot manager that helps you safely install new operating systems and lets you choose which operating system you want to use when starting your computer. In addition to powerful partitioning features, PartitionMagic offers a variety of other options. For instance, you can perform partitioning operations and view the changes that will be made before applying them to your system. Additionally, you can view comprehensive information about your hard disk geometry and your hardware system, and you can resize root directories (FAT, FAT32) to make room for more long filenames. New Features Norton PartitionMagic 8.0 includes the following new features: • New user interface – Makes PartitionMagic easier to navigate. • Large partition support – Enables management of partitions up to 300 GB when the partition is less than 90% full. Larger hard drives may require additional memory. • File browser – Makes it possible to browse the contents of a partition or copy, move, and rename files and folders from within PartitionMagic. • Running multiple operating systems – BootMagic has been enhanced, so it can be installed on a FAT or FAT32 partition on any hard disk. PQBoot for Windows has been added, enabling you to boot into an alternate operating system from Windows and return to the standard operating system on the next reboot. Norton PartitionMagic 1 • Ability to resize clusters on NTFS partitions – Reclaims lost performance that can result from converting a FAT32 partition to NTFS as part of an operating system upgrade. Larger clusters can also reduce the rate of fragmentation. • Installing Another Operating System wizard – Includes built-in information so more of the operations are automated when you are preparing your system to run multiple operating systems. Also includes information you can print to help you with the part of the process that is not directly tied to PartitionMagic. • Create Backup Partition wizard – Helps you create a partition for backup data files. • Flash tutorial – Introduces partitioning concepts and provides an overview of the tasks you can complete with PartitionMagic. 2 Introduction C H A P T E R 1 Getting Started This chapter includes the following information: • PartitionMagic System Requirements • Installing PartitionMagic under Windows • Creating Rescue Disks • Before Running PartitionMagic • Running PartitionMagic • Setting a Password for PartitionMagic • Uninstalling PartitionMagic 3 PartitionMagic System Requirements PartitionMagic for Windows requires a minimum of 70 MB of hard disk space, a CD drive (any speed), a 3.5-inch floppy drive, VGA or higher resolution monitor with a screen area of at least 800 x 600 pixels, and processor and memory requirements as shown below. Operating System Minimum RAM Minimum Processor Windows 95b through Windows 98 SE 32 MB Pentium/150 MHz or compatible Windows Me 32 MB Pentium/150 MHz or compatible Windows NT 4.0 Workstation with SP6a applied 32 MB* Pentium/150 MHz or compatible Windows 2000 Professional 64 MB* Pentium/150 MHz or compatible Windows XP 128 MB* Pentium/233 MHz or compatible * Resizing NTFS clusters on partitions over 120 GB in size requires 256 MB RAM. PartitionMagic supports hardware RAID level 0 (disk striping) and RAID level 5 (striping with parity). PartitionMagic supports external USB, USB2, and FireWire (1394) hard drives under Windows. Operations that are executed in boot mode are not supported on these devices. See “USB, USB2, and FireWire Support” on page 17. The rescue disk version of PartitionMagic requires a Pentium/150 MHz processor (or faster), a 3.5-inch floppy drive, 8 MB of RAM (16 MB for NTFS partitions; 32 MB recommended for FAT32 partitions; some very large partitions may require up to 256 MB). Microsoft recommends 128 MB RAM for Windows 2000 and Windows XP systems, although the product can run on systems with 64 MB RAM. Installing PartitionMagic under Windows You must have administrative privileges to install PartitionMagic on a Windows NT, Windows 2000, or Windows XP system. IMPORTANT! PartitionMagic 4 Chapter 1: Getting Started must be installed on a local drive, not on a network drive. NOTE Before installing PartitionMagic 8.0 under Windows 2000, ensure you have updated the operating system with the latest Microsoft Service Pack (SP2 or greater). As a good computing practice, regardless of operating system, run chkdsk /f before running Partition Magic to make sure there are no file system errors on the partition. 1 Insert the PartitionMagic CD into your CD drive. 2 If the installation program does not start automatically, click Start ➤ Run on the Windows taskbar. Then type drive:\AUTORUN, where drive is the drive letter of your CD drive. 3 Click PartitionMagic ➤ Install, and follow the on-screen installation instructions. There is sometimes a delay after you click Install. If you click it twice, you will start two instances of the installation and will have to cancel the second one. Creating Rescue Disks You can run a DOS version of PartitionMagic or the BootMagic configuration program from the PartitionMagic CD if your computer has the ability to boot from a CD. If your computer cannot boot from a CD, Norton recommends that you create rescue diskettes at the end of the PartitionMagic installation. You can create rescue disks from the PartitionMagic CD or from the Start menu. The bootable CD and rescue disks also enable you to run PartitionMagic from DOS, Windows 3.x, or Linux machines. Rescue disks are useful when: • You want to run PartitionMagic, but you do not have an operating system that is supported by the Windows version of the software. • You have hidden the partition where PartitionMagic is installed and need to run PartitionMagic to unhide the partition. • You have accidently converted a partition to FAT32 or NTFS and your operating system does not support that operating system, so your computer will not boot. (You can use the rescue disks to convert the partition back to FAT.) • Other occasions arise when you do not have access to PartitionMagic on the CD or hard drive. Norton PartitionMagic 5 You must have two blank 1.44 MB floppy disks available before you begin this procedure (three disks for double-byte languages). 1 You can create rescue disks three ways: To create rescue disks from: Do this: Windows (preferred method) Click Start ➤ Programs ➤ Norton PartitionMagic 8.0 ➤ PartitionMagic 8.0 Tools ➤ Create Rescue Disks. PartitionMagic CD (useful if you do not have Windows) 1a Open the English\DOSMAKE folder on the PartitionMagic CD. 1b Type MAKEDISK A:, where A: is the drive letter for your floppy disk drive. You can also install the DOS version of PartitionMagic to your hard disk using this process. If you install to your hard disk, the PartitionMagic files (but not the system files) will be installed to a PQMAGIC directory at the root of the disk, and you will not need floppy disks. PartitionMagic main window Click Tools ➤ Create Rescue Disks on the menu bar. 2 Insert a blank formatted 1.44 MB disk into your 3.5-inch disk drive and click OK. 3 Follow the prompts and the instructions on the progress bar (located at the bottom of the window). 6 Chapter 1: Getting Started The rescue disks contain the following files: PartitionMagic Disk 1 • • • • • • • • • • Autoexe2.bat Autoexec.bat Command.com Ega.cpi Keyb.com Mode.com Partinfo.exe (utility program) PTEDIT (utility program) Miscellaneous system (.SYS) files MSCDEX.exe (Windows 9x/Me only) • NWCDEX.exe (Windows NT/2000/XP only) • Fdisk.com (Windows NT/2000/XP only) • CHKDSK.exe PartitionMagic Disk 2 • • • • • • • • • • • Autoexec.bat Command.com Mouse.com PMHelp.dat (help file) PQMagic.exe PQMagic.ovl PQMagic.pqg PQPB.rtc Rescue.txt zAbout.pqg Boot.ini (Windows NT/2000/XP only) If you create rescue disks for a double-byte language, the third disk includes fonts. Before Running PartitionMagic It is wise to run a file check (such as CheckDisk or ScanDisk) before running PartitionMagic. Doing so can help you avoid problems you could encounter if you try to manipulate partitions on a disk with bad sectors or file system errors. See “Checking Partitions for Errors” on page 50. You should back up your hard disk before using PartitionMagic. While PartitionMagic has been thoroughly tested and is reliable, other factors, (such as power failures, operating system bugs, and hardware defects), can put your data at risk. Before using any utility that makes extensive changes to your hard disk, you should back up your data. PartitionMagic cannot run while other low-level disk utilities (such as virus detection software, defragmenting software like Diskeeper®, or backup software like Norton GoBack™) are running. Close all such utilities prior to starting PartitionMagic. Verify that the version of PartitionMagic you are running is supported on the operating system (and Service Pack, if applicable) you are running. See “PartitionMagic System Requirements” on page 4. Norton PartitionMagic 7 If you would like a high-level overview of PartitionMagic, click Help ➤ Flash Tutorial to run a Flash presentation that explains the product. Running PartitionMagic You can run PartitionMagic from Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows NT 4.0 Workstation, Windows 2000 Professional, or Windows XP. Under any other operating system, you must run PartitionMagic from the rescue disks. To run from: Do this: Windows Start menu Click Start ➤ Programs ➤ Norton PartitionMagic 8.0 ➤ PartitionMagic 8.0. Windows Explorer Right-click any drive object, and click PartitionMagic 8.0. Running PartitionMagic from Rescue Disks When you boot your computer from the first rescue disk, PQMAGIC automatically runs. You must insert the second rescue disk when prompted. Preparation Before you run PartitionMagic from the rescue disks, you should: • Turn off third-party disk caches. • Deactivate/unload any TSR programs that access or modify partitions being changed. You cannot run PartitionMagic on a Windows 2000 Professional, Windows XP Professional, or Windows Me machine that is in hibernation. To use the rescue diskette or PartitionMagic for Windows, Windows 2000, Windows XP, or Windows Me must have been shut down normally. Rescue Disk Limitations The following features are not available when you run the DOS version of PartitionMagic from the rescue disks or from the PartitionMagic bootable CD. • • • • 8 Split partitions Secure erase of partitions Undo last change Wizards Chapter 1: Getting Started If you run out of space on the first rescue disk as a result of adding network, SCSI, or CD-ROM drivers to your boot sequence, you can delete the following files from the disk: chkdsk.com, fdisk.exe, ptedit.exe, and partinfo.exe. We recommend that you delete the files in that order, freeing up only the space that you need to accommodate additional files. These files are included in the Utilities folder on the PartitionMagic CD where you can access them later, if necessary. If you use an international keyboard or character set, you will need to modify the AUTOEXE2.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files on the rescue disks. Refer to “Using International Keyboards” on page 23 for additional information. Checking an NTFS partition with the rescue disk version of PartitionMagic may take an unusually long time. Since PartitionMagic performs checks both before and after the move, copy, and resize operations, these operations may be slower with the rescue disk version of PartitionMagic than with the Windows version. Command Line Switches The following command line options are supported by the Windows version and the DOS (rescue disk) version of PartitionMagic, unless noted otherwise. When you specify multiple options, the order is unimportant. Switch Description /? Lists all the command line options switches for the version of PartitionMagic you are running. /CAS Copies all sectors within partitions. /CBS Checks for all bad sectors. /CEC Checks for extra cylinders. /DBG Enables debug messages. /IFC Ignores file system checks. /I24 Ignores the 1024 cylinder boundary. /MUP Allows you to move partitions of unknown types. /NBS Disables bad sector checking. /NRB Instructs PartitionMagic not to reboot after the program exits. Norton PartitionMagic 9 Switch Description /NSS Does not display the splash screen. /PQB Forces the batch file to the specified location. PartitionMagic creates a batch file when it must perform some operations in boot mode. Syntax: PQMAGIC /PQB=C:\, where C: is the location where you want the batch file to be saved. /RAV Tells PartitionMagic to read and verify all disk writes. Enabling this option increases the length of time needed to perform some operations, but it ensures that the operation outcome is accurate. /UVM Tells PartitionMagic to use virtual memory. /WFS Wipes the first sector after deleting all partitions. Setting a Password for PartitionMagic You can assign a password that must be entered before PartitionMagic for Windows will start. 1 Click General ➤ Set Password. The Set Password dialog appears. 2 Type a new password, then press. 3 Confirm the new password, then press . 4 (Optional) Add a hint. 5 Click OK. 10 Chapter 1: Getting Started Entering a Password When you start PartitionMagic and there is a password assigned, the Enter Password dialog appears. 1 Type the password assigned to PartitionMagic. You can click Hint to display a reminder. 2 Click OK. Changing a Password 1 Click General ➤ Set Password. 2 Type the old password, then press . 3 Type the new password, then press . To remove password protection, leave the new password fields blank. 4 Confirm the new password, then press . 5 (Optional) Change the hint. 6 Click OK. Uninstalling PartitionMagic 1 On the Windows taskbar, click Start ➤ Settings ➤ Control Panel. 2 Double-click Add/Remove Programs, then select PartitionMagic 8.0. 3 Click Add/Remove. Norton PartitionMagic 11 C H A P T E R 2 PartitionMagic Basics This chapter includes the following information: • PartitionMagic Main Window • Rescue Disk Main Window • Process Overview • Selecting a Hard Disk and Partition • Selecting an Operation • Undoing an Operation • Viewing Pending Operations • Applying Changes to Your System • Supported File Systems • Changing PartitionMagic Preferences • Using International Keyboards • Defragmenting a Hard Drive • Getting Help 13 PartitionMagic Main Window The main window includes an action panel with shortcuts for common tasks and an overview of pending operations, a map of each disk, and a list of the partitions on the selected disk. The menu bar and a toolbar appear at the top of the window. The menu bar gives you access to all of PartitionMagic’s features. The toolbar gives you quick access to commonly used options. When the pointer is over a toolbar, the status bar shows what the button does. You can customize the main screen by clicking commands on the View menu. Note that the main screen is different if you run PartitionMagic from the rescue disks. See “Rescue Disk Main Window” on page 15. Menu Bar Toolbar Tasks (Wizards) Disk Map Partition List Operations for selected partition (unavailable options are dimmed) Legend Status Bar Disk Map The disk map shows the partitions approximately to scale and also shows unallocated space (space not assigned to any partition). You can also display hard disks to scale by clicking View ➤ Scale Disk Map. Each partition is represented by a different color according to the file system it uses. If the selected hard disk contains logical partitions, the logical partitions are shown within an extended partition. 14 Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics Each partition is color-coded to show the file system it uses and the used and unused space within the partition. A legend is displayed just above the status bar located at the bottom of the PartitionMagic window. You can use the Legend to help you understand the different colors used in the disk map and partition list. There are triangle indicators to mark the 2 GB boot boundary and the 8 GB boot boundary (1024 cylinder limit). The boundary markers can help you as you create, move, or resize partitions, so you will not make primary partitions unbootable by accident. For additional information about the boot boundaries, refer to “Understanding the BIOS 1024 Cylinder Limit” or “Understanding the 2 GB Boot Code Boundary” in the PartitionMagic online help located under Getting Started > Partitioning Basics. Partition List The partition list displays the following information about each partition: drive letter, volume label, file system type, size, amount of used and unused space in megabytes, status, and whether the partition is a primary or logical partition. If the partition does not have a volume label, “Local Disk” displays next to the drive letter. An asterisk (*) appears in place of a drive letter for: • • • • Hidden partitions Extended partitions Partitions with file systems not supported by the active operating system Unallocated space (space not currently assigned to any partition) A partition’s status can be: • Active: The partition the computer boots from. • Hidden: Partitions that do not have a drive letter. Partitions can be hidden by the operating system (which may hide all primary partitions except the active one), or you can hide partitions with PartitionMagic. Under Windows 2000/XP Professional, hidden partitions are permitted to have a drive letter. • None: Partitions that are not active or hidden. Rescue Disk Main Window The main screen appears different when you run from rescue disks than it does when you run PartitionMagic from Windows. Norton PartitionMagic 15 • Menu bar — gives you access to all of PartitionMagic’s features. Be aware that the operations available from the Partition menu when you run PartitionMagic under Windows are available under the Operations menu when you run from the rescue disks. • Toolbar — gives you quick access to commonly used options and allows you to select the disk you want to operate on. • Partition information — provides both a visual and text description of the partitions on the disk. • Status bar — shows you how many operations are pending; also includes a brief description of the currently selected option. Menu Bar Toolbar Disk Map Partition List Status Bar Process Overview To complete a task, follow this general process: 1 Select a hard disk and partition. The steps for selecting a hard disk and partition are included in this chapter of the user guide. You must follow these steps before you can perform any operation within PartitionMagic. 2 Select an operation and enter details about the changes you want to perform. 16 Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics 3 Apply changes to your system. See “Applying Changes to Your System” on page 19. You can also perform some tasks using the wizards. See “Using Wizards” on page 79. Selecting a Hard Disk and Partition You can select a partition without first selecting a hard disk. To select a partition, click it in the disk map or partition list on the main screen. To select a hard disk, click the title bar on the disk map or click the disk in the partition list. There are two operations that can be performed on a hard disk: delete all the partitions or display information about the hard disk. When you select a hard disk, its partitions display in the partition list in the main window. PartitionMagic does not support volume sets, stripe sets, stripe sets with parity, or partitions located on disk mirror/duplex sets configured using Windows NT Disk Administrator. Under Windows 2000/XP, PartitionMagic supports standard partitions located on basic disk sets only. USB, USB2, and FireWire Support PartitionMagic supports external USB, USB2, and FireWire (1394, IEEE) hard drives under Windows. Operations that are executed in boot mode are not supported on these devices. You can see if an operation will be performed in boot mode by clicking View ➤ Operations Pending. If an operation displays with an asterisk (*), it will not work on a USB, USB2, or FireWire drive. If any of the queued operations displays with an asterisk, all of the queued operations will be applied in boot mode. You may increase the chances of an operation’s being applied under Windows by closing all applications other than PartitionMagic and only working on operations on that drive (as opposed to the USB or FireWire drive and drive C:, for example). Removable Media Support PartitionMagic is not designed to work on removable media. Norton technical support does not guarantee they will be able to resolve problems you encounter when partitioning removable media. Norton PartitionMagic 17 Dynamic Disks Windows 2000 and Windows XP use basic disks and dynamic disks. You cannot perform PartitionMagic operations on dynamic disks. Selecting an Operation After you have selected a disk or a partition, you can select an operation using the action panel, toolbar, context menu, or menu bar. If an operation cannot be performed on the selected partition, the item appears dimmed on the menu and in the action panel. • Click one of the operations on the action panel or the toolbar. When you place the pointer on a toolbar button, a pop-up window displays the button’s function. • In the disk map or partition list, right-click the partition you want to change, then click the desired operation from the context menu. • On the menu bar, click Partition, then choose the desired operation. (If you are running PartitionMagic from the rescue disks, click Operations on the menu bar, then choose the desired operation.) For more information about the items on the Partition menu, see Chapters 3, 4, and 5 of this user guide. Undoing an Operation To undo or reverse the last operation performed, click General ➤ Undo Last Change on the menu bar, press , or click Undo in the action panel. If you have performed an operation using a wizard, Undo Last Change will undo all the changes made by the wizard. To discard all the pending operations, click General ➤ Discard all Changes, or press . 18 Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics Viewing Pending Operations PartitionMagic queues operations until you apply them. You can view the operations that are pending at any time at the bottom of the action panel, or you can display a more detailed view. 1 Click View ➤ Operations Pending. The Operations Currently Pending dialog appears. If an asterisk displays to the left of an operation, the operation will be applied in boot mode rather than in Windows. If any operation in the list appears with an asterisk, all of the operations will be applied in boot mode. From the list of pending operations, you can choose to undo the last change, discard all changes, apply all changes, or close the window. If you are running PartitionMagic from the rescue disks, you cannot modify pending operations from this window. Applying Changes to Your System As you complete tasks using the Partition menu (or Operations menu if running from the rescue disks), the disk map and partition list reflect the changes you have made. However, no changes physically take place on your system until you apply them. You can perform several operations and then apply all the changes at once. Norton PartitionMagic 19 To apply changes to your system, click General ➤ Apply Changes, or click Apply in the action panel. To discard the changes and start over, click General ➤ Discard All Changes. With the exception of being able to undelete some partitions, you cannot discard or undo changes after you have applied them. Applying Changes in Windows vs. Boot Mode When you apply changes, PartitionMagic evaluates your system to see if changes are being made to partitions where there are open files (such as when you modify the C: drive while running Windows). If there are no open files, the changes will be applied while Windows is running. If there are open files, PartitionMagic must go into boot mode to apply the changes. When prompted, click OK to go into boot mode. You do not need to have DOS installed on your system to apply changes in boot mode. Supported File Systems You can create or modify the following partition types with PartitionMagic. Before making modifications, you should ensure that both the partition type and operating system on your machine are supported by PartitionMagic. Partition Type Description Extended The extended partition gets around the arbitrary four-partition limit for a disk. An extended partition is a container in which you can further divide your disk space by creating logical partitions. An extended partition does not directly hold data. You must create logical partitions within the extended partition to store data. Extendedx An extendedx partition functions like an extended partition but is not limited to the first 8 GB (1024 cylinders) on a hard disk. Linux kernels below 2.2 do not support extendedx partitions. 20 FAT Uses file allocation table (FAT) and clusters. The FAT file system is used by DOS, Windows 3.x, and most Windows 95 installations. A FAT partition is also accessible by all newer operating systems. FAT16x FAT16x is a proprietary file system developed by Microsoft to enable FAT partitions beyond 1024 cylinders (~8GB). Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics Partition Type FAT32 Description FAT32 is an enhancement of the FAT file system. It uses 32-bit file allocation table entries, rather than the 16-bit entries used by the FAT system, so FAT32 supports larger disk or partition sizes (up to 2 terabytes). The minimum size for a FAT32 partition is 256 MB. DOS, Windows 3.x, Windows NT 3.51/4.0, and early versions of Windows 95 (before version 4.00.950B) do not recognize FAT32 and cannot read files on a FAT32 partition. FAT32x FAT32x is a proprietary file system developed by Microsoft to enable FAT32 partitions beyond 1024 cylinders (~8GB). Windows 95 OSR2 and later versions of Windows may use FAT32x partitions. Linux Ext2 and Ext3 The Linux Ext2 and Ext3 file systems are only accessible by Linux, a freeware version of UNIX. The Linux Ext2 file system supports a maximum partition size of 4 terabytes. Linux Swap Holds a Linux swap file. The maximum usable size of a Linux swap file is 128 MB. (This limitation, however, does not apply if you are using a Linux Kernel that is verion 2.2.x or later.) The default size shown when you create a Linux swap partition may be slightly larger because of the physical geometry on the hard disk. NTFS The New Technology File System (NTFS) is accessible by Windows NT, Windows 2000, and Windows XP. NTFS is not recommended for use on disks less than 400 MB because it uses a great deal of space for system structures. Unformatted Unformatted partitions reserve a portion of the disk but are not assigned a file structure. Unallocated space Unallocated space is the portion of a hard disk that is not currently assigned to any partition. Changing PartitionMagic Preferences 1 In the main window, click General ➤ Preferences. Norton PartitionMagic 21 A check mark next to a preference indicates it is enabled. Indicates whether the current operating system supports FAT32 partitions. 2 Click check boxes to enable or disable preferences, then click OK. Allow 64K FAT Clusters for Windows NT/Windows 2000/XP This preference lets you create FAT partitions with 64 KB clusters, which allows you to use PartitionMagic to create FAT partitions up to 4 GB. IMPORTANT! Because DOS and Windows 3.x/95/98/Me do not support cluster sizes larger than 32K, you cannot access a 64K partition using these operating systems. You should only use 64K partitions with Windows NT/2000/XP. If you are using multiple operating systems, Norton recommends not using 64K clusters. When enabled, the 64K cluster size is available in the Resize/Move Partition and Resize Clusters dialogs. Skip Bad Sector Checks When PartitionMagic modifies partitions, it performs extensive testing to detect bad sectors on your hard disk. Newer disk types (such as Enhanced IDE and SCSI) often handle bad sectors internally, making such testing superfluous. For this reason, PartitionMagic lets you bypass these tests with Skip Bad Sector Checks. When this preference is enabled, the Resize/Move, Create, Copy, and Format operations run faster. WARNING! 22 If you skip bad sector checks and your hard disk has bad sectors, data loss can result. Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics Bad sector checking is on by default. PartitionMagic lets you set this preference individually for each of your hard disks. If your system has an older disk and a newer one, you could check the older disk and skip the newer one. A check mark next to a disk means to skip bad sector checking for that disk. Set as Read-Only for PartitionMagic This preference lets you prevent PartitionMagic from making any changes to a hard disk. You can set this preference individually for each of your hard disks. There are some exceptions to how this preference is applied: • If the disk contains the boot partition, some files may be changed, such as the Windows NT boot initialization (BOOT.INI) file. • If you tell PartitionMagic to run DriveMapper automatically, certain files, such as initialization files and shortcut files, may be changed. Using International Keyboards When you use the DOS version of PartitionMagic (see “Running PartitionMagic from Rescue Disks” on page 8), you may lose the ability to use your keyboard the way you are accustomed to or to view extended characters properly. The PartitionMagic rescue disks include the files you need to resolve these problems. If you use an international keyboard or character set, you must edit the AUTOEXE2.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files on the rescue disks. 1 The following lines are remarked in the AUTOEXE2.BAT file. Delete the REM from the beginning of the line, and replace the variables xx and yyy with the keyboard code and character set code page for your language. MODE CON CP PREP=((yyy)EGA.CPI) MODE CON CP SEL=yyy KEYB xx,yyy xx = two-letter keyboard code (for example, US or FR) yyy = character set code page (for example, 437) 2 Save the AUTOEXE2.BAT file. 3 The following line is remarked in the CONFIG.SYS file. Delete the REM from the beginning of the line, and replace the variable yyy with the character set code page for your language. Norton PartitionMagic 23 DEVICE=DISPLAY.SYS CON=(EGA,yyy,) 4 Save the CONFIG.SYS file. 5 Reboot from the first rescue disk. Defragmenting a Hard Drive Defragmenting your hard drive will optimize the storage of data by organizing your files in a contiguous order. You can run Windows Defragmenter within PartitionMagic for Windows. Right-click a partition in the disk map, then select Windows Defragmenter from the menu. PartitionMagic will lock and Windows Defragmenter will run. When the disk is defragmented, Windows Defragmenter will close, and PartitionMagic will unlock so you can continue running it. Getting Help PartitionMagic Help provides in-depth information on features as well as step-by-step instructions for specific tasks. To access Help, click Help ➤ Contents on the menu bar in the PartitionMagic main window. The Norton PartitionMagic Help is organized into books and pages. Find information with the Index (key) and Find (binoculars) tabs. Double-click a book to view the pages in it. Double-click a page to read the help topic. 24 Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics Each book focuses on a different aspect of PartitionMagic, so you can quickly locate the information you need. When you double-click a topic, the information displays in the right window. You can click the key tab to search for a topic using keywords. Context-Sensitive Help Click Help in the lower right corner of a dialog or press to display context-sensitive help for the dialog. Clicking Hints in a wizard dialog displays helpful information about the task the wizard is performing. README File The README.TXT file includes information that changed since this guide was written, corrections to the manual or help system, and information specific to installation or configuration issues. Product Demonstrations The Norton web site includes multimedia tutorials that visually step you through the most common PartitionMagic tasks. To view the instructional videos, go to http://service.symantec.com and click Instructions & Videos. Norton PartitionMagic 25 C H A P T E R 3 Managing Partitions This chapter includes the following information: • Integrity Checks • Browsing Partitions • Resizing and Moving Partitions • Creating Partitions • Deleting Partitions • Undeleting Partitions • Changing Partition Labels • Formatting Partitions • Copying Partitions • Checking Partitions for Errors • Merging Partitions • Splitting Partitions • Getting Information About Partitions • Scanning a Disk for Errors • Defragmenting Drives 27 Integrity Checks PartitionMagic checks disk integrity with a sophisticated system of analysis and validation that operates behind the scenes every time you start the program or complete an operation. An initial integrity check scans your disk and reports any partition problems that may prevent PartitionMagic from operating properly. This integrity check acts as an early warning system that informs you of your disk’s status and assures that the disk’s structure is thoroughly analyzed and verified before you alter it. If your physical disk passes the initial integrity check, you can select the disk’s partitions and use PartitionMagic features; otherwise, an error message appears instead of the partition list. This indicates a problem with your disk, not with PartitionMagic (because no disk modification operations have been initiated). If PartitionMagic finds errors that it can fix automatically, you will be prompted. It is safe to allow PartitionMagic to fix errors. Correct the disk problem, and then restart PartitionMagic. For additional information, see “Resolving Partition Table Errors” on page 114. In addition to the integrity check at startup time, PartitionMagic performs two integrity checks during any operation. The first check tests the integrity of the file system in the partition before an operation begins (similar to CheckDisk or ScanDisk), and the second check validates your disk’s data after an operation is completed. From start to finish, PartitionMagic examines your disk and informs you immediately if it detects any irregularities. Browsing Partitions You can browse the contents of any hidden or visible partition that is formatted with a file system PartitionMagic supports. (See “Supported File Systems” on page 20.) Sometimes it is helpful to see what is in a partition before you modify it. The Norton File Browser also enables you to modify files and folders. 1 Select the partition you want to browse. 28 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions 2 Click Partition ➤ Browse. 3 Right-click to copy, move, rename, or delete files, and create, copy, move, or delete folders as you wish. 4 Click Close to exit the File Browser and return to PartitionMagic. The PartitionMagic main screen will be refreshed to reflect any changes you made. This operation may take a little while. Resizing and Moving Partitions You can change the size of a partition and/or move it to another location on a hard disk. 1 Select the partition you want to resize/move. You cannot move Windows NT volume or stripe sets with parity created by Disk Administrator. 2 Click Partition ➤ Resize/Move. Norton PartitionMagic 29 The Resize/Move Partition dialog appears. Left partition handle Unallocated space outside partition Used space (minimum size) Right partition handle Unused space inside partition The current size of the partition is shown on a disk map at the top of the dialog. The map also depicts the used and unused space within the partition and the unallocated space surrounding the partition (if any exists). The minimum and maximum sizes to which you can resize the partition appear below the map. 3 Choose whether to resize or move the partition. To do this: Move Do this: 1 Place the pointer on the partition. The pointer changes to . 2 Drag the partition to the desired location. There must be unallocated space adjacent to the partition to move it. If there is none, and the partition contains unused space, make the partition smaller and then move the partition. You cannot move unknown partitions, partitions failing the Check for Errors operation (see “Checking Partitions for Errors” on page 50 for more information), or unallocated space. 30 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions To do this: Do this: Move (continued) Your Windows NT 4.0 system (SP 6 or higher) partition cannot start past 4 GB, or Windows NT will not be bootable. IMPORTANT! Exercise caution when moving a bootable partition. Operating systems can become unbootable if moved beyond certain boundaries. For more information, see “Creating Bootable Partitions” on page 38. Resize 1 Place the pointer on the left or right partition handle. The pointer changes to . 2 Drag the handle until the desired partition size is reached. You can also resize the partition by typing new values in the Free Space Before, New Size, and Free Space After boxes or by clicking the arrows next to the boxes. The values you enter may change slightly to values supported by the drive’s geometry. The arrow buttons resize the partition by the minimum increment, allowing you to make very fine adjustments. Changes are reflected in the disk map. To make a partition smaller, unused space must exist within the partition. To enlarge a partition, there must be unallocated space adjacent to it. For additional information about resizing partitions, refer to “Notes about Resizing Partitions” below. IMPORTANT! (Windows NT only) Resizing your NTFS system partition over 7.8 GB may render your workstation unbootable. If you resize an NTFS system partition over this limit by accident, you can recover your system by using the PartitionMagic rescue disks to resize the NTFS system partition below 7.8 GB. If you know your disk has no bad sectors, Skip bad sector checks in Preferences to make resize and move operations faster. PartitionMagic changes the Free Space Before, New Size, and Free Space After values to show how the partition size is affected. Norton PartitionMagic 31 4 (Optional) Click the Cluster Size drop-down list and select a new size or use the recommend cluster size that is already selected. This option is only available for FAT and FAT32 partitions. For more information, see “Resizing Clusters” on page 66. You can resize NTFS clusters by clicking Partition ➤ Advanced ➤ Resize Clusters. 5 Click OK. Notes about Resizing Partitions When you resize a partition, data is consolidated, not compressed. To make a partition smaller, unused space must exist within the partition. To enlarge a partition, there must be adjacent unallocated space. If there is unallocated space on the disk, but it is not adjacent to the partition you want to enlarge, adjust the location of the space by moving other partitions. You can resize/move a partition to create space before it even if there is used space shown at the beginning of the partition. For example, if you are shrinking a D: partition so you can enlarge a C: partition, you can just drag the left handle of the D: drive to create unallocated space next to the C: drive, then drag the right handle of the C: drive to use that space. IMPORTANT! Exercise caution when resizing partitions smaller, especially a partition containing an operating system. Leave at least 50 MB more space in the partition than the operating system requires. Swap files, drivers, and other files may require the extra space. Additionally, operating systems can become unbootable if moved beyond certain boundaries. For more information, see “Creating Bootable Partitions” on page 38. Resizing FAT and FAT32 partitions smaller may reduce the amount of wasted space on a hard disk. When you resize a FAT or FAT32 partition, PartitionMagic automatically resizes the clusters to their optimal size for the partition. For more information, see “Resizing Clusters” on page 66. You should be aware of the following limitations when resizing partitions: • You cannot make a partition smaller unless it contains unused space. You can only reduce a partition to the used size shown in the disk map plus a small buffer area. During a Resize/Move operation, data is consolidated to the front of the partition as needed, but no data compression takes place. Because of the way a FAT partition is structured, you can often resize a partition a second time and make it even smaller or larger than the first time you resized it. • In certain instances, you cannot make a FAT partition larger when the partition contains no unused space. If you have a full partition and plenty of unallocated space 32 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions adjacent to it, yet are not able to enlarge your partition, you may have to delete some files in the partition so that PartitionMagic has room to work. You may be able to slightly enlarge the partition (1 MB or less) and then enlarge the partition a second time to provide the necessary buffer area for PartitionMagic. To see how much space is needed in a partition to resize past a cluster boundary, see the table in “Freeing Disk Space Before Enlarging a FAT Partition” in Help under Getting Started > Partitioning Basics. • It is difficult to calculate in advance the minimum size to which an NTFS partition may be resized. If PartitionMagic runs out of space when you are resizing or moving an NTFS partition, PartitionMagic returns an error without completing the operation. The integrity of the NTFS partition and data is never compromised. • A FAT partition has a 2 GB (2047 MB) size limit; however, a FAT partition under Windows NT (service pack 4 or higher) or Windows 2000/XP can be sized up to 4 GB and have a 64 KB cluster size. • Under Windows 2000 and Windows XP, you can enlarge an NTFS partition (even the system partition) without rebooting. Scenario: Resizing a Logical Partition Larger This scenario outlines the procedure for adding space to a logical partition. You can also use the Resize Partitions wizard to perform the same operations. Sample Configuration One 1 GB hard disk containing: • One active primary FAT32 partition (C:) running Windows 2000 • One extended partition enclosing one logical NTFS partition (D:) Objective Resize drive C: smaller and add the newly created free space to drive D:. Norton PartitionMagic 33 Procedure 1 Resize drive C: smaller by the amount you want to add to drive D:. Resize C: so that the unallocated space is on the right. 2 Enlarge drive D: to occupy the unallocated space just created. The extended partition is automatically enlarged to accommodate drive D:. 3 Apply the changes to your system. Result Drive D: has room for additional files. Creating Partitions The Create operation lets you create primary partitions, extended partitions, and logical partitions. If you have multiple hard disks and partitions, the process and available options may differ slightly from the following steps. For examples of creating partitions on more complex systems, see the scenarios that begin on page 40 of this user guide. 1 Select a block of unallocated space. If no unallocated space exists, you must resize or delete an existing partition to create unallocated space. For instructions on resizing and deleting partitions, see “Resizing and Moving Partitions” on page 29 and “Deleting Partitions” on page 44. On a single hard disk, you can have up to four primary partitions or three primary partitions and one extended partition. Within an extended partition, you can create unlimited additional subdivisions called logical partitions. 2 Click Partition ➤ Create. 34 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions The Create Partition dialog appears. 3 From the Create as drop-down list, select Logical Partition or Primary Partition. As a general rule, you should create primary partitions to install operating systems and logical partitions for all other purposes (such as storing data and applications). However, you can install Windows NT, Windows 2000, or Windows XP to a logical partition as long as their boot files are in a primary partition. See “Creating Bootable Partitions” on page 38. If you have multiple hard disks, you can improve speed by installing operating systems and applications on separate disks. If you do not know what type of partition you want to create, see “Understanding Partitions” in Help. You should create a primary partition if you plan to install an operating system. Refer to “Creating Bootable Partitions” on page 38 and “Installing a New Operating System” on page 39 for additional information. If you select Logical Partition, PartitionMagic automatically creates an extended partition to enclose the logical partition, or, if you already have an extended partition, resizes the extended partition larger to encompass the logical partition. (The free space must be inside of or adjacent to the extended partition.) If Logical Partition is unavailable, you may already have four primary partitions on the hard disk. Or, if you have an extended partition, you may not have selected a block of free space inside of or adjacent to the extended partition. Norton PartitionMagic 35 If you create a second, third, or fourth primary partition on a physical disk, PartitionMagic will create the new primary partition as unhidden. However, PartitionMagic will automatically hide the other primary partitions on that disk when performing a Set Active operation. 4 From the Partition Type drop-down list, select the desired file system type or accept the default. FAT is the most universal file system type. It is used by DOS and all versions of Windows. FAT32 is used by Windows 95 OEM Service Release 2, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows 2000, Windows XP. NTFS is used by Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP. If you create an NTFS partition under Windows 9x, it will be created with NTFS version 3.0, which is not compatible with Windows NT 4.0. To create an NTFS version 1.2 partition that will work with Windows NT 4.0, run PartitionMagic under Windows NT 4.0 and create the partition. Linux Ext2, Linux Ext3, and Linux Swap are used by Linux. Extended creates an extended partition which can contain any number of logical partitions. Extended is not an option if the hard disk already contains an extended partition or four primary partitions. Unformatted creates an unformatted partition on your hard drive. 5 (Optional) Enter a label for the new partition. Labels can be up to 32 alphanumeric characters for NTFS partitions, 16 alphanumeric characters for Linux, and 11 alphanumeric characters for other file system types. 6 In the Size box, enter the desired size for the partition. Or, in the percent of unallocated space box, enter the desired percent of unallocated space for the partition. PartitionMagic automatically calculates a recommended size (based on the most efficient use of disk space), which you can accept or change. If you are creating a Windows NT 4.0 (SP 4or higher) system partition, it cannot be larger than 7.8 GB, and it must be fully contained within the first 7.8 GB of the hard disk. 36 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions 7 If the size you specified for the new partition is smaller than the available unallocated space, you can position the partition at the beginning (recommended) or end of the unallocated space. In the Position box, click Beginning of free space or End of free space. 8 In the Cluster size drop-down list, choose a cluster size for the partition or accept the default cluster size. 9 In the Drive Letter box, note the drive letter that will be assigned to the new partition after you reboot, or (for NT-based operating systems) select the drive letter you want. 10 Click OK. If you created a new primary partition and plan to install an operating system on it, refer to “Installing a New Operating System” on page 39 for additional information. WARNING! Because of conflicts that can result from different hardware and system configurations, do not create an applications or operating system partition on one computer and then move that hard disk to another computer. Data loss may occur. Managing Drive Letter Changes Creating a new partition may cause your drive letters to change. For example, if you have one primary partition (C:) on your hard drive and a CD-ROM drive (D:), and you create a new logical partition on your hard drive, the new partition becomes D: and the CD-ROM drive changes to E: after you reboot your computer. As a result, any programs on your hard drive that were linked to the CD-ROM no longer function because the paths to files have changed. Norton recommends that you allow DriveMapper to automatically update the drive letter references in application shortcuts, initialization files, and registry entries when prompted to do so. However, you can update drive letter references manually. See “Changing Drive Letter References with DriveMapper” on page 84. While you can use DriveMapper to update references to files, for least impact, consider creating all new partitions on the highest disk (for example, disk 3 in a three-disk system) and to the right of existing partitions. Norton PartitionMagic 37 Creating Bootable Partitions Before creating a partition where you plan to install an operating system (a bootable partition), you should understand the following information. Operating System Boots from Supported Partition Types Boot Code Boundary Space Required DOS 6.22 and earlier Primary FAT 2 GB 8 MB Windows 95a Primary FAT 2 GB 90 MB Windows 95b Primary FAT or FAT32 8 GB 90 MB Windows 98 Primary FAT or FAT32 8 GB 175 MB Windows 98SE Primary FAT or FAT32 8 GB** 190 MB Windows Me Primary FAT or FAT32 8 GB** 300 MB Windows NT Primary* FAT or NTFS 1.2 2 GB 120 MB Windows 2000 Primary* FAT, FAT32, or NTFS 3.0 8 GB** 650 MB Windows XP Primary* FAT, FAT32, or NTFS 3.1*** 8 GB** >1 GB Linux (LILO†) Either Linux Ext2, Linux Ext3‡ and Linux Swap 8 GB >250 MB * Windows NT/2000/XP must boot from a primary partition on the first drive. However, only a few files must reside on that partition; the remaining files can reside on a logical partition, which can be located on the first or a subsequent drive. The Windows NT/2000/XP boot partition can be shared with another operating system. ** Having an LBA-compatible (Logical Block Addressing) MBR (Master Boot Record) will make the boot code boundary null with Windows 98SE/Me/2000/XP. *** Windows XP automatically promotes NTFS partitions to version 3.1. † If you install LILO to a logical partition, it must be the first logical partition in the extended partition. ‡ Linux also supports the partition types FAT, FAT32, and NTFS (read-only) if Linux is installed to a Linux Ext2/Ext3 partition. 38 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions IMPORTANT! When you create, move, or resize a bootable partition, the partition must begin below the boot code boundary specified in the above table for the operating system to boot. With the exception of DOS 6.22 (or earlier), partitions beyond 8 GB are visible to the current operating system. For more information, see “Understanding the BIOS 1,024 Cylinder (8 GB) Limit” and “Understanding the 2 GB Boot Code Boundary” in Help. The disk map in the PartitionMagic main window displays indicators for the 2 GB boot boundary and the 1024 cylinder limit. PartitionMagic displays a warning if you attempt to create, move, or resize a bootable partition outside of the 2 GB boot code boundary. If you continue with the operation, under some operating systems you may not be able to boot or see the partition. In either case, you can resolve the problem by moving the partition back within the boot code boundary with the PartitionMagic rescue disks. If your system includes SCSI disks and you create a partition before a bootable Linux partition, Linux may no longer be bootable. In this situation, you may need to create Linux rescue disks, boot from the rescue disks, and repair the Linux boot information on the Linux partition. Some I/O cards (typically older RAID cards) only provide access to the first 8 GB of a disk under DOS. Consequently, if you resize the operating system partition beyond 8 GB and it becomes unbootable, the PartitionMagic rescue disks may not allow you to manipulate partitions on that drive. You should be cautious about resizing any operating system partition beyond 8 GB. Installing a New Operating System If you install multiple operating systems, you must follow the steps below for each of them. 1 Disable BootMagic if you have it installed. See “Disabling BootMagic” on page 99. 2 Create PartitionMagic rescue disks. See “Creating Rescue Disks” on page 5. 3 Make a new partition and set it active (if you are installing Linux to a primary partition [Linux Ext2/Ext3], then it is necessary to set the partition active; however, it is not necessary to set the partition active if you are installing Linux to the first logical partition on the hard disk.) See “Setting an Active Partition” on page 65. Norton PartitionMagic 39 Most operating systems must be installed on primary partitions. See “Creating Bootable Partitions” on page 38 for exceptions. If you are not certain that the partition where you want to install the operating system will support an operating system, you should create a new operating system partition using the wizard. See “Install Another Operating System Wizard” on page 81. 4 Close all programs and reboot the computer using an operating system installation diskette. 5 Install the operating system. Norton technical support does not help install operating systems. See your operating system documentation for details. 6 If you have already installed BootMagic, use the PartitionMagic rescue disks to set the partition active where BootMagic is installed. If you have not installed BootMagic, use the PartitionMagic rescue disks to set the operating system partition active for where you want BootMagic installed. Then install BootMagic. 7 (If applicable) With BootMagic installed, add the operating system to your BootMagic configuration so that you can select the operating system you want to boot. For more information about BootMagic, see “BootMagic” on page 89. 8 Reboot the computer. Scenario 1: Creating a Primary Partition for Windows NT Sample System Configuration One 4 GB hard disk with one active primary FAT32 partition (C:) running Windows 98. Objective Resize drive C: smaller. In the unallocated space created, create a primary FAT partition where Windows NT can be installed. 40 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions Procedure 1 Resize drive C: smaller by 1.5 GB. For more information, see “Resizing and Moving Partitions” on page 29. The partition where you want to install Windows NT must begin in the first 2 GB of the disk, or Windows NT will not be bootable. You may need to move your existing partition to the end of the disk, then create the Windows NT partition at the beginning of the disk. 2 Create a primary partition in the unallocated space using the following information: Partition Type: Select FAT. Do not select FAT32 unless you are using Windows 2000 or later. Earlier versions do not recognize FAT32 partitions. Label: Type one, if desired. Size: Type 1500. IMPORTANT! Before performing the next step, make sure you have the Windows NT installation CD and disks; otherwise, you will not be able to boot your computer. 3 Set the new partition active. For more information, see “Setting an Active Partition” on page 65. 4 Apply the changes to your system. IMPORTANT! Before installing Windows NT, make sure that all partitions start before the 4 GB mark and end prior to cylinder 1024 (8 GB). Otherwise, Windows NT will not install and will report that all the partitions are corrupted. If you cannot resize and move all partitions, you must obtain updated drivers from Microsoft (see article ID: Q197667 on the Microsoft web site). 5 Reboot the computer using the first Windows NT installation diskette. 6 Complete the Windows NT installation. Norton technical support does not help install operating systems. See your operating system documentation for details. 7 Add Windows NT to your BootMagic configuration so that each time you start or restart your computer, you can select the operating system you want to boot. For more information, see “BootMagic” on page 89. Norton PartitionMagic 41 Result When the computer restarts, BootMagic presents a list of the available operating systems, in this case, Windows 98 and Windows NT. Select the operating system you want to boot. Scenario 2: Creating a Logical Partition on a Secondary Hard Disk Sample System Configuration Disk 1 — One 4 GB disk containing: • One active primary FAT32 partition (C:) running Windows 98. • One extended partition enclosing one logical FAT partition (E:). Disk 2 — One 4 GB hard disk containing: • One FAT32 primary partition (D:). • Unallocated space. One CD-ROM drive (F:). Objective Create a logical FAT partition on Disk 2. Procedure 1 Select Disk 2. 2 Create a logical partition in the unallocated space using the following information: Partition Type: Select FAT. Label: Type one, if desired. Size: Accept the precalculated size. 42 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions Create As: Choose Logical. The partition will be assigned drive F: after reboot. Additionally, an extended partition will automatically be created to enclose the logical partition. 3 Apply the changes to your system. Result After the computer reboots, the new logical partition is drive F: and the CD-ROM is drive G:. Scenario 3: Creating Linux Logical Partitions Sample System Configuration One 20GB hard disk containing: • One active primary FAT32 partition (C:) running Windows 98. • One extended partition enclosing one logical FAT partition (D:) and one logical FAT32 partition (E:). Objective Resize drive E: smaller. In the unallocated space created, create one logical Linux Ext2 partition and one logical Linux Swap partition. Procedure 1 Resize drive E: smaller. For more information, see “Resizing and Moving Partitions” on page 29. 2 Create a logical partition in the unallocated space using the following information: Partition Type: Select Linux Ext2. Label: Type one, if desired. Size: Type 2500. Norton PartitionMagic 43 3 Create a second logical partition in the unallocated space using the following information: Partition Type: Select Linux Swap. Size: Type 256. (The swap partition is typically twice the amount of RAM.) 4 Apply the changes to your system. 5 Reboot the computer using your Linux installation diskette. 6 Complete the Linux installation. You do not need to change the active partition to install Linux. Norton technical support does not help install operating systems. See your operating system documentation for details. WARNING! If you are using a boot utility like BootMagic, LILO (Linux Loader) must be installed to the Linux Ext2 partition containing the root directory and not installed to the master boot record. If you install LILO to the master boot record, other operating systems may become unbootable. 7 (Optional) Add Linux to your BootMagic configuration so that each time you start or restart your computer, you can select the operating system you want to boot. For more information about BootMagic, see “BootMagic” on page 89. Result When the computer restarts, BootMagic presents a list of the available operating systems, in this case, Windows 98 and Linux. Select the operating system you want to boot. Deleting Partitions The Delete operation deletes a partition, making its data inaccessible. The Delete and Secure Erase operation destroys the data in a selected partition by overwriting the data. If you use secure erase to destroy a partition, it cannot be undeleted. (The Secure Erase feature does not meet Department of Defense or NSA requirements.) 1 Select the partition you want to delete. To delete an extended partition, you must first delete all logical partitions within the extended partition. You cannot securely erase unallocated space. 44 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions Do not delete a partition where BootMagic is installed unless you uninstall BootMagic first. 2 Click Partition ➤ Delete. The Delete Partition dialog appears. 3 Click Delete or Delete and Secure Erase. 4 Click OK. Deleting a partition can make your drive letters change, causing applications not to run because application shortcuts, initialization files, and registry entries refer to incorrect drives. If your system includes SCSI disks and you delete a partition before a bootable Linux partition, Linux may no longer be bootable. In this situation, you may need to create Linux rescue disks, boot from the rescue disks, and repair the Linux boot information on the Linux partition. Undeleting Partitions The Undelete operation restores partitions that have been deleted on disk. You can undelete FAT, FAT32, NTFS, and Linux partitions. Undelete works best when you use it to restore a partition that you just deleted by accident. If you are undeleting partitions after you have made other changes (written data to them, resized existing partitions, etc.), see “Restrictions on Undeleting Partitions” on page 46. 1 Select the unallocated space to be searched. 2 Click Partition ➤ Undelete. IMPORTANT! You can undelete a partition only if no other operations are pending on the unallocated space selected. If any operations are pending, the Undelete icon and menu option will be dimmed (inaccessible). Norton PartitionMagic 45 The Undelete dialog appears, and the selected unallocated space is searched. All primary and logical partitions that can be undeleted are displayed in the scrollable list. If no partitions are found within the unallocated space or none can be undeleted, a message appears indicating no partitions can be undeleted. 3 Within the scrollable list, click the checkbox of the partition you wish to undelete. While it is possible to undelete more than one partition at once, Norton recommends that you undelete partitions one at a time, beginning with the one that you want most. Doing so helps ensure the integrity of the data within the partition. 4 Click OK. Restrictions on Undeleting Partitions There are some situations in which a partition that has been deleted cannot be undeleted and will not be displayed in the scrollable list. They include the following: • You cannot undelete a primary partition if your hard disk contains four primary partitions. • You cannot undelete a logical partition that was deleted and now is not within the extended partition. • You cannot undelete a primary partition that was deleted and now is within the extended partition. • The partition includes file system errors. If PartitionMagic finds a partition, it checks for errors before undeleting it. If the partition has errors, it cannot be undeleted. • You cannot undelete a partition that has been completely or partially overwritten by another partition or file system. Because of this limitation, if you see two partitions in the Undelete dialog and undelete one of them, the other may no longer appear in the list. 46 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions • If two deleted partitions claim some of the same disk space, Norton cannot guarantee the integrity of the data in those partitions when they are undeleted. For example, suppose you had two partitions, a 500 MB E: and a 500 MB F: and you deleted F: and resized E: to claim all the space (1 GB). Then you saved data to E:. Later, you deleted E:. Now you want to undelete partitions, and you can see both E: and F: in the Undelete dialog. If you restore E:, it is fine and F: is no longer displayed in the dialog (because its space has been claimed). However, if you restore F: instead of E:, you may get some of the data that you had saved to E:. Undeleting F: could make your computer unbootable or cause applications not to run. Changing Partition Labels The Label operation lets you change a partition’s label. Meaningful names make partition management easier. 1 Select the partition with the label you want to change. 2 Click Partition ➤ Label. The Label Partition dialog appears. 3 In the New Label box, type the new label. NTFS volume labels can contain up to 32 alphanumeric characters. Linux Ext2 or Ext3 labels can be up to 16 characters. FAT/FAT32 volume labels can contain up to 11 alphanumeric characters and cannot contain the following characters: * ? [ ] < > | + = : ; , . \ / ”. 4 Click OK. Norton PartitionMagic 47 Formatting Partitions The Format operation formats a partition, destroying all its data in the process. Formatting enables you to put a different file system on a partition. PartitionMagic has several conversion options that let you convert from one file system to another without destroying existing files in a partition. See “Converting Partitions” on page 69. 1 Select the partition you want to format. 2 Click Partition ➤ Format. The Format Partition dialog appears. 3 From the Partition Type drop-down list, select the desired file system type. If the partition is too small or too large, some partition types may not be available. 4 (Optional) Type a label for the partition. 5 Click OK. Copying Partitions The Copy operation lets you to make an exact duplicate of a partition. To copy a partition, you must have unallocated space that is equal to or larger than the partition you are copying. Reasons why you might want to copy a partition include: • To duplicate your operating system before upgrading to a new version or a different operating system (so that you can remember how the old operating system’s windows, program icons, and properties were set up or so you can recover the original partition if the upgrade fails or is unsatisfactory). 48 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions • To quickly move a smaller hard disk’s contents to a larger, new hard disk. • To change the relative order of partitions. • To back up a partition. 1 Select the partition you want to copy. The Copy command is dimmed if there is not enough unallocated space on your disks for the partition. You cannot use PartitionMagic to copy Windows NT stripe sets, stripe sets with parity, or duplex/mirrored sets. 2 Click Partition ➤ Copy. The Copy Partition dialog appears. 3 From the Disk drop-down list, select the disk where you want to copy the partition. 4 In the partition list, select the unallocated space where you want to copy the partition. 5 If the partition you specified is smaller than the available unallocated space, you can position the partition at the beginning (recommended) or end of the unallocated space. Under Position, click Beginning of free space or End of free space. If you are copying a logical partition and want to ensure that it remains logical, make sure unallocated space is available within the extended partition. Or, after copying the partition, you can convert it to a logical partition. 6 Click OK. Norton PartitionMagic 49 The copy is the same size (or slightly different if copied to a disk with a different geometry) and file system type and contains the same data as the original. You can also select a partition on the disk map and drag it to unallocated space, then choose Copy Here or Move Here from the drag-and-drop menu. Checking Partitions for Errors The Check for Errors operation checks the integrity of a partition. Each time PartitionMagic is started, it performs a check on all attached drives and their partitions. If the check finds a problem, “Check failed” appears in the partition list window under the Type column. This check is separate from the Check for Errors operation and is not as exhaustive. 1 Select the partition you want to check. PartitionMagic can only check partitions that it can lock (that is, partitions that do not have open files on them). If there are open files on a partition, you should use the operating system’s check utility (ScanDisk or CHKDSK) instead of the Check for Errors operation or run PartitionMagic from the rescue disks. 2 Click Partition ➤ Check for Errors. The Check Partition Results dialog appears. If Check for Errors does not discover any errors, an Info entry appears with “Check Complete” in the Description column. 50 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions If a Check for Errors operation fails, “Check Failed” appears in the Used and Unused columns in the partition list. You should fix any errors encountered. For more information, see “Resolving Check Errors” on page 113. If Check for Errors finds an error, such as cross-linked files, lost clusters, or bad directory information on an NTFS volume and can fix it, a Fix button appears at the bottom of the dialog. For each error found, PartitionMagic displays the following: • Severity describes the seriousness of the problem, which can be one of the following: Severity Description Info The information given is helpful but not critical. Does not correspond to any error. Warning The error may or may not cause problems. Error A problem was encountered, but PartitionMagic may still be able to make changes to the partition. Run ScanDisk or CHKDSK to fix the error, or click Fix, if available. Critical A catastrophic problem. PartitionMagic cannot make any changes to the partition. • Fixed displays Yes for each problem you fix on an NTFS volume. Not applicable for FAT or FAT32 partitions. • Number shows a number corresponding to the error. For more information, see “Error Messages and Solutions” on page 117. • Description gives a brief description of the problem. 3 To fix an error, highlight the problem and click Fix. 4 If you want to skip one listed error, click Skip. If you want to skip all listed errors, click Skip All. 5 When you are finished viewing the check results and fixing NTFS errors, click Close. Check for Errors does not display information about the status and structure of a partition as do the DOS and Windows CHKDSK utilities. To view that information, use the Info option. For details, see “Getting Information About Partitions” on page 56. Norton PartitionMagic 51 Merging Partitions You can merge two FAT, FAT32, or NTFS partitions that are adjacent to each other on a disk. You can merge FAT and FAT32 partitions with each other, and you can merge an NTFS partition with another NTFS partition. You cannot merge a FAT/FAT32 partition with an NTFS partition. It is useful to merge partitions if you have reached the maximum number of partitions on your disk, but you do not want to delete a partition. It is also useful if you want to combine FAT partitions and convert them to one large FAT32 partition or an NTFS partition. If you have an empty partition and one that contains data, you should delete the empty partition and resize the other one larger instead of merging the two partitions. IMPORTANT! Merging partitions may take a long time (possibly hours), depending on the partition sizes and amount of data they contain. If you wish to check whether your machine is still operating, you can press the NumLock key and see if the light toggles. It may take a few seconds to register activation of the NumLock key on your keyboard. If you plan to merge partitions, you may wish to schedule it for a time when you will not need to use your system for an extended period of time. If you shut down or turn off your computer while PartitionMagic is still working, it will cause corruption to the file system, which will result in data loss. Do not shut down the system until after the process is complete. 1 Run a file check (such as CheckDisk or ScanDisk) on the partitions you intend the merge to ensure they do not contain file system errors or bad sectors. 2 Select one of the two partitions you want to merge with another partition. IMPORTANT! Do not merge partitions that contain operating systems or compressed partitions. See “Disk Compression Utilities” on page 105. If you plan to merge two adjacent NTFS partitions, they must be the same version type and have the same cluster size. To view the version type and cluster size of an NTFS partition, right-click the partition in the disk map, select Properties, then click the NTFS Info tab. If the cluster sizes are different, you will not be able to merge the partitions. See “Converting FAT/FAT32 Partitions to 4K Aligned” on page 73. If the NTFS versions are different, you will not be able to merge the partitions. See “Merging Partitions with Different NTFS Version Numbers” on page 113. 3 Click Partition ➤ Merge. 52 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions The Merge Adjacent Partitions dialog appears. 4 In the Merge options group box, click the partitions you would like to merge. The contents of one partition will be moved into a folder within the other partition. Do not merge partitions that contain operating systems. 5 In the Merge Folder group box, type a name for the new folder that will be created in the partition you are keeping. 6 Click a file system type (FAT, FAT32, or NTFS) for the partition you are keeping. The NTFS option will automatically be selected if you are merging two NTFS partitions. IMPORTANT! If you are combining FAT partitions, be careful not to convert them to FAT32 unless your operating system supports FAT32 partitions. DOS, Windows 3.x, early releases of Windows 95, and Windows NT 4.0 cannot access FAT32 partitions. 7 Click OK. The disk map in the main window changes to show the merged partitions. Norton PartitionMagic 53 Splitting Partitions Use Split to divide a FAT or FAT32 partition into two contiguous partitions. It may be useful to split a partition if you have a large set of data or a mixture of data and applications within one partition. The new partition is created to the right of the original partition; the original and new partitions together occupy the same amount of hard disk space as the original partition. The file system for the partition does not change. For example, if you had a 2 GB FAT partition and you split it, the left and right partitions together would use 2 GB and both would be FAT partitions. When you split a partition, you can select the files and folders that you want the new partition to include. You can also label the new partition, specify whether it is primary or logical, and specify the new size of the partition. 1 Select the partition you want to split. You can split a partition if it is 100 MB or larger. A FAT partition must have at least 5% unused space, or the Split command will be dimmed on the menu. A FAT32 partition requires 10% unused space to split. Norton does not recommend splitting your operating system partition or moving your Windows folders or program files into the new partition. 2 Click Partition ➤ Split. 54 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions If Split is dimmed (unavailable) on the menu, it is most likely because you are trying to split a primary partition when you have already reached the maximum four primary partitions (such as three primary partitions and one extended partition) allowed on a hard disk. You can, however, split a logical partition within an extended partition. 3 Click the Data tab. 4 From the Original Partition group box, select the files and folders you want to move to the new partition, then click the single right arrow. Click the left arrow to remove selected files and folders from the new partition. To move all files and folders to the new partition, click the double right arrow. You can also click the left arrow to move selected files and folders back to the original partition if you change your mind. You must, however, have at least one file or folder remaining in each partition. IMPORTANT! The Split operation is designed to move data files, not system files. You should not move folders from the operating system partition (usually C:) to the new partition unless they ONLY include data files. If you copy a folder that is used by the operating system (such as C:\Documents and Settings\username\My Documents), you may be prompted to reboot your computer an extra time for Windows to apply Norton PartitionMagic 55 the changes or Windows may not allow you to split the partition. If Windows allows you to move a standard folder, you will need to redirect files to the new partition from within the applications that used the original partition. 5 (Optional) Type a name for the new partition in the Label text box. 6 Select a partition type for the new partition from the Pri/Log drop-down list. You cannot use the Split operation to convert the original partition from primary to logical or vice versa. 7 Click the Size tab. 8 Size the new partition by moving the bar on the far right in the disk map or by typing the number of MB in the Size text box. The original partition will be adjusted to use the remaining space. Both the original and new partitions must be at least 40 MB. On hard disks larger than 4 GB, PartitionMagic will round the size of the partition up to at least 47 MB. 9 Click OK. The size of the new partition is based on the minimum possible size and the total byte size of the files you are adding to the new partition. Any remaining free space is split proportionally between the two partitions according the data in the partitions. For example, if the two partitions used 2 GB and you included 700 MB of data in the original (left) partition and 300 MB of data on the new (right) partition, you would have 1 GB of free space available; the original partition would get 700 MB of unused space, and the new partition would get 300 MB of unused space. Getting Information About Partitions The Properties operation displays information about the status and structure of a selected partition. 1 Select the partition you want information about. 2 Click Partition ➤ Properties. 56 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions The Partition Properties dialog appears. Information is displayed in tabbed pages. To view a page, click its associated tab, which is always visible at the top of the pages. Based on the file system the partition uses, different pages appear. 3 Click the tab for the page you wish to view. Each page is described in the following sections. 4 Click Close when you are finished viewing information. Usage The Usage page is available for the FAT, FAT32, NTFS, Ext2, and Ext3 file systems. This page displays the following information in bytes, megabytes, and as a percentage: • • • • Used space on the partition, including space wasted by clusters Unused space on the partition Bad space on the partition Total space on the partition (the sum of used, unused, and bad space) Cluster Waste The Cluster Waste page applies only to partitions using the FAT or FAT32 file systems. Norton PartitionMagic 57 • • • • Current Cluster Size in bytes or kilobytes Data stored on the partition in bytes and megabytes Wasted space on the partition in bytes and megabytes Total used space in bytes and megabytes (the sum of Data and Wasted space) Partition Info The Partition Info page is available for all types of partitions, including unallocated space and extended partitions. Information on this page includes the following: • Partition type is shown in hexadecimal followed by a text description of the partition or file system type (such as FAT, FAT32, or NTFS). The hexadecimal designation is the conventional way to display partition types. • Serial Number is shown if the partition’s file system uses serial numbers. The lower portion of the page shows physical information about the partition: • First physical sector shows the logical number and the location (cylinder, head, and sector) where the partition begins. • Last physical sector shows the logical number and the location (cylinder, head, and sector) where the partition ends. • Total physical sectors displays the number of sectors in the partition. • Physical Geometry shows the total number of cylinders, heads, and sectors on the physical disk where the partition resides. File System-Specific Info Pages The last page in the Partition Information dialog corresponds to the file system used on the selected partition. For example, if the file system is FAT or FAT32, the page is FAT Info; if the file system is NTFS, the page is NTFS Info, and so forth. Scanning a Disk for Errors MS ScanDisk is a utility included with Windows 9x and Windows Me that you can run from PartitionMagic. ScanDisk scans a partition for errors and fixes them. The Check for Errors operation also scans for errors, but it does not correct them (for FAT or FAT32 partitions). If you are running a Windows NT-based system, you can run Windows CHKDSK from PartitionMagic. The interface for CHKDSK is different from ScanDisk. See your Windows documentation for more information about CHKDSK. 58 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions 1 Select the disk you want to scan for errors. ScanDisk only scans partitions with assigned drive letters; it does not scan hidden partitions, extended partitions, unallocated space, or partitions with file systems not supported by the active operating system. 2 Click Partition ➤ MS ScanDisk (or Windows CheckDisk) on the menu bar. The ScanDisk dialog appears. 3 In the Type of test box, click Standard or Thorough. Thorough scans the partition for bad sectors. 4 (Optional) Click Automatically fix errors. 5 Click Start. Norton PartitionMagic 59 When ScanDisk is finished, the ScanDisk Results dialog displays information about errors on the partition (if any were found) and other disk statistics, such as total disk space, number of bytes in bad sectors, and total allocation units. For more information about MS ScanDisk, consult Windows Help. Defragmenting Drives Disk Defragmenter is a Windows utility you can access from within PartitionMagic to analyze and defragment drives on your hard disk. 1 From the PartitionMagic main screen, click Partition ➤ Windows Defragmenter. 2 Select a partition, then click Action ➤ Analyze or Defragment. For more information about Disk Defragmenter, consult Windows Help. 60 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions C H A P T E R 4 Completing Advanced Disk Operations This chapter includes the following information: • Changing a Drive Letter • Retesting Bad Sectors • Hiding and Unhiding Partitions • Resizing the Root Directory • Setting an Active Partition • Resizing Clusters 61 Changing a Drive Letter The Change Drive Letter operation lets you change the drive letter assigned to any partition visible to and supported by Windows NT/2000/XP. If you are running Windows 9x or Windows Me, this operation is not available. 1 Select the partition whose drive letter you want to change. You cannot use this operation to change the drive letter for your CD drive. IMPORTANT! You should not change the drive letter originally assigned to the Windows NT/2000/XP boot partition (the partition where Windows is installed). Changing the drive letter to anything but its original designation will cause severe boot problems and may cause your computer to be unbootable. 2 Click Partition ➤ Advanced ➤ Change Drive Letter. The Change Drive Letter dialog appears. 3 In the New drive letter box, type or select the drive letter you want to assign to the partition. 4 Click OK. Retesting Bad Sectors The Bad Sector Retest operation lets you check sectors on FAT or FAT32 partitions that have been marked bad and recover sectors that are usable. The FAT and FAT32 file systems allocate disk space for file storage in units called clusters, which are composed of a fixed number of sectors. Because the FAT or FAT32 file system tracks bad sectors at the cluster level, it marks an entire cluster bad even 62 Chapter 4: Completing Advanced Disk Operations though the problem may exist in a single sector. Use Properties to discover whether a partition contains bad clusters. For more information, see “Getting Information About Partitions” on page 56. As a conservative measure, when you move or resize a partition or increase cluster size, PartitionMagic marks all new clusters containing any part of old bad clusters as bad (even though the clusters may not actually contain bad sectors). Likewise, when you decrease a partition’s cluster size, PartitionMagic divides bad clusters into multiple bad clusters. If, after you complete these tasks, PartitionMagic reports bad sectors, you can perform a bad sector retest and reclaim the good sectors that were marked bad. 1 Select the partition you want to retest. 2 Click Partition ➤ Advanced ➤ Bad Sector Retest. The Bad Sector Retest dialog appears to explain that PartitionMagic will retest sectors that are marked bad and reclaim them if they do not include bad sectors. 3 To continue with the test, click OK. Some sectors marked as bad are “marginally bad,” meaning that one time the sector works fine and another time it does not. Bad Sector Retest may mark a marginally bad sector as good. This can result in data loss if the marginally bad sector fails in the future. Most modern hard drives detect bad sectors and automatically remap the sector, so in general, you do not see bad sectors on modern hard drives. If you do get bad sector errors on a modern hard drive, it is recommended that you replace the drive. Hiding and Unhiding Partitions The Hide Partition operation lets you secure partitions against unwanted user access. You can perform this operation on FAT, FAT32, and NTFS partitions. When you hide a partition, it will not be assigned a drive letter the next time you boot your computer. 1 Select the partition you wish to hide. 2 Click Partition ➤ Advanced ➤ Hide Partition (or Unhide Partition). Unless you are running Windows NT/2000/XP, unhiding multiple primary partitions may cause your machine to be unbootable. The Hide Partition dialog appears, warning you that drive letters may change. Norton PartitionMagic 63 3 To confirm that you want to hide the partition, click OK. Under Windows 9x and Windows Me, hiding and unhiding partitions can cause the drive letters of other partitions to change. When this happens, your computer may not boot and applications may not run. Norton recommends that you allow DriveMapper to run automatically to update drive letter references that change as a result of hiding or unhiding partitions. If your hard disk has more than one primary partition, only one is visible by default. When you use the Set Active operation, PartitionMagic unhides the selected primary partition and hides other primary partitions. While you can unhide more than one primary partition, we recommend that you do not. If you are running Windows NT/2000/XP, partitions are not hidden automatically; therefore, you can have multiple visible primary partitions. Resizing the Root Directory The Resize Root operation lets you change the maximum number of entries that can be placed in the root directory of a FAT partition. The number of root entries is set at the time the partition is formatted; the limit does not expand automatically as it does in a subdirectory or in a FAT32 partition. Consider increasing this number if you use Microsoft long filenames in the root directory. During this operation, data within the partition is unaffected. 1 Select the partition whose root directory you want to resize. 2 Click Partition ➤ Advanced ➤ Resize Root. The Resize Root dialog appears, displaying the number of used entries and the current capacity. 64 Chapter 4: Completing Advanced Disk Operations 3 In the New capacity box, type or select the number of entries you want the root directory to have. The number you type will be rounded to one that preserves the current cluster alignment. 4 Click OK. Occasionally, enlarging the root directory displaces the first few files on the partition (such as IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS if the partition contains an operating system). If the root directory is on a boot partition and the partition fails to boot after resizing the root directory, you should run the SYS command to move the displaced files back to the front of the disk. Setting an Active Partition The Set Active operation lets you make a partition the active partition (the partition the computer boots from). Norton provides multiple ways to set a partition active: PartitionMagic (Windows version or rescue disk version), BootMagic, PQBoot, and PQBoot for Windows. This section explains changing the active partition from within PartitionMagic. Only one partition on a hard disk can be active at a time. To boot your computer from a partition, the partition must be on the first disk, and it must contain an operating system. When your computer boots, it reads the partition table of the first disk to find out which partition is active and boots from that partition. IMPORTANT! Before you make a partition active, it should be bootable. If the partition is not bootable or if you are not certain if it is (such as before you install an operating system), have a boot diskette or bootable CD ready. If you plan to install an operating system to a partition, the partition must be active. PartitionMagic hides any other FAT, FAT32, and NTFS primary partitions (unlike Windows 9x and DOS FDISK programs which cannot hide or unhide partitions). Hiding the other primary partitions makes it easy to install multiple operating systems and choose the one you want to set active. For example, if you have Windows 95 and want to install Windows NT in a separate partition, you can make the Windows 95 partition smaller, create another primary partition, set it as the active partition, and then boot from the Windows NT installation diskettes. 1 Select the partition you want to make active. Norton PartitionMagic 65 2 Click Partition ➤ Advanced ➤ Set Active on the context menu. (Windows NT/2000/XP only) In a configuration with mixed IDE and SCSI hard disks, Windows does not always see the boot drive as the first disk. PartitionMagic displays drives in the order that Windows reports them. As a result, you may see your boot device as drive 1, 2, and so forth. PartitionMagic may also incorrectly report that there is no active partition. Be sure you identify which drive is the boot drive. The Set Active Partition dialog appears. 3 Click OK. Resizing Clusters The Resize Clusters operation lets you change the cluster size on FAT, FAT32, and NTFS partitions. Reducing cluster size may help you reclaim wasted space on your hard disk. If you converted FAT or FAT32 partitions to NTFS as part of an operating system upgrade or file system conversion, resizing to 4K clusters will enable you to regain lost performance caused by potentially inefficient 512-byte clusters All files are stored in allocation units called clusters. Each file on a partition is allotted at least one cluster. The size of a partition determines cluster size. Unless the size of a file is an exact multiple of cluster size on the partition where the file is located, the file includes wasted space. Larger partitions have larger clusters, and, therefore, more wasted space. For more information, see “Making Efficient Use of Disk Space” in Help. 1 Select the partition where you want to resize clusters. 2 Click Partition ➤ Advanced ➤ Resize Clusters. 66 Chapter 4: Completing Advanced Disk Operations The Resize Clusters dialog appears. For each cluster size, PartitionMagic displays the following: • A bar graph and percentages represent how much space would be used and how much space would be wasted if you chose that cluster size for the currently selected partition • Wasted space (in megabytes) • The range of allowable partition sizes (in megabytes) or other information • If a cluster size requires a partition that is too small for the data and files on the partition, “Too much data” appears in the Notes column. “Not Enabled” appears in the Notes column for the 64 K cluster size because it is only used for Windows NT/2000/XP. You can enable the 64 K cluster size, but it is not recommended. For more information, see “Allow 64K FAT Clusters for Windows NT/Windows 2000/XP” on page 22. The lower portion of the Resize Clusters dialog displays information about the current and new cluster size and the current and new partition size (based on the new cluster size). 3 Using the information in the dialog, decide which cluster size you want to use (and can use) and select it from the New cluster size drop-down list. PartitionMagic adheres to the established limits for partition and cluster sizes. You cannot select a cluster size that is invalid for the selected partition. Norton PartitionMagic 67 It is not recommended that you use the smallest cluster size on partitions containing a single, large file, such as a database or swap file. Choosing a smaller cluster size may resize the partition smaller, creating unallocated space next to the partition. You can use this unallocated space to create a new partition. FAT16 partitions are resized automatically to fit the cluster size. WARNING! Do not choose the 64 K cluster size unless you have Windows NT, Windows 2000, or Windows XP. Partitions of this type are incompatible with Windows 9x and DOS. 4 Click OK. Default Cluster Sizes A partition’s cluster size is set by the DOS FORMAT operation, based on the size of the partition, as shown in the following tables. DOS and Windows default FAT cluster sizes Partition Size (MB) FAT Type Sectors Per Cluster 0-15 12-bit 8 512 bytes 16-127 16-bit 4 2K 128-255 16-bit 8 4K 256-511 16-bit 16 8K 512-1,023 16-bit 32 16 K 1,024-2,047 16-bit 64 32 K 2,048-4,096 16-bit 128 64 K* *Only compatible with Windows NT/2000/XP. Windows default FAT32 cluster sizes Partition Size (GB) 68 Cluster Size Sectors Per Cluster Cluster Size 0.256- 8.01 8 4K 8.02-16.02 16 8K 16.03-32.04 32 16 K > 32.04 64 32 K Chapter 4: Completing Advanced Disk Operations C H A P T E R 5 Converting Partitions This chapter includes the following information: • Procedure for Converting Partitions • Converting FAT Partitions to FAT32 • Converting FAT Partitions to NTFS • Converting FAT32 Partitions to FAT • Converting FAT32 Partitions to NTFS • Converting FAT/FAT32 Partitions to 4K Aligned • Converting NTFS Partitions to FAT or FAT32 • Converting Partitions to Logical or Primary 69 Procedure for Converting Partitions You can convert the following file system formats: • • • • • • • FAT partitions to FAT32 FAT partitions to NTFS (Windows NT/2000/XP only) FAT32 partitions to FAT FAT32 partitions to NTFS (Windows 2000/XP only) FAT/FAT32 partitions to 4K aligned NTFS partitions to FAT NTFS partitions to FAT32 You can also convert primary partitions to logical and logical partitions to primary. IMPORTANT! You cannot convert FAT or FAT32 partitions to NTFS if you are running PartitionMagic from the rescue disks. IMPORTANT! You cannot convert file system types on compressed drives. First, uncompress the drive, then run the conversion. The basic conversion steps (1-5) are found below. However, for each file system type there is specific information you need to know before beginning any conversion. Please see the appropriate heading listed in this section before completing the conversion procedure. 1 Select the partition you want to convert. 2 Click Partition ➤ Convert. The Convert Partition dialog appears. 3 Under Convert to, choose the file system to which you want to convert the partition. 70 Chapter 5: Converting Partitions Depending on the file system format of the partition you are converting, some options may appear dimmed. If you want to convert your partition to primary or logical, see “Converting Partitions to Logical or Primary” on page 76. 4 Click OK. Converting FAT Partitions to FAT32 FAT32 partitions have less wasted disk space than FAT partitions. (For more information, see “Resizing Clusters” on page 66.) However, you should be aware of these issues: • You must have Windows 95 OEM Service Release 2, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows 2000, or Windows XP to access files on a FAT32 partition. If you run an operating system other than these, FAT32 partitions will be inaccessible when the other operating system is running, even if one of these operating systems is installed on your machine. • Some computers have a sleep mode that saves all memory to disk. Because this function sometimes requires a FAT partition, consult your computer manual or contact the manufacturer before converting to FAT32. • The minimum recommended size for a FAT32 partition is 256 MB. The steps for this process are listed on page 70. Converting FAT Partitions to NTFS This conversion is only possible under Windows NT, Windows 2000, and Windows XP. The Convert FAT to NTFS operation launches the Microsoft Convert utility to convert a FAT partition to NTFS. You must be running Windows NT/2000/XP to complete this conversion. This cannot be performed from the rescue diskette. If you boot multiple OSs, you must be careful converting FAT to NTFS. NTFS is only accessible from Windows NT/2000/XP; therefore, the data in this partition will not be accessible if you boot DOS, Windows 9x, or Windows Me. After clicking OK, if you have no operations pending and if Windows NT can lock the partition (no open files), the FAT file system is converted. If you have operations pending, you must apply them first before converting from FAT to NTFS. If you do not Norton PartitionMagic 71 apply the operations, a prompt appears asking if you want to apply the changes now before converting your FAT file. Click OK to apply the changes and continue with the conversion. If you have any open files, a message appears indicating that the convert utility cannot gain exclusive access to the drive and asks if you want to perform the conversion immediately. If you type Y, your computer is shut down, and the conversion is done at reboot time. Converting FAT32 Partitions to FAT To complete this conversion, the partition must have ~800 MB of unused space because of how the FAT file system allocates disk space for file storage. The partition must have approximately 1.7 GB of data or less because FAT partitions are limited to 2 GB. If the command is dimmed in the dialog, you must delete some data to enable the conversion. If the FAT menu option is dimmed, your FAT32 partition contains over 2 GB of data. If the partition size is over 2 GB but it contains less than 2 GB of data, you can convert the partition (without data loss), but the new partition will be 2047 MB. During the conversion, PartitionMagic may report too many root directory entries (the maximum number of entries in a FAT partition’s root directory is limited, unlike a FAT32 partition’s root directory). In this case, move or copy some of the files in the root directory to another location and then start the conversion again. Converting FAT32 Partitions to NTFS This conversion is only possible under Windows 2000 and Windows XP. The Convert FAT32 to NTFS operation launches the Microsoft Convert utility to convert a FAT32 partition to NTFS. You must be running Windows 2000/XP to complete this conversion. Be aware that data in an NTFS partition will not be accessible if you boot DOS, Windows 9x, or Windows Me. The steps for this process are listed on page 70. After clicking OK, if you have no operations pending and if Windows 2000/XP can lock the partition (no open files), the FAT32 partition is converted. If you have operations pending, you must apply them first before converting from FAT32 to NTFS. If you do not 72 Chapter 5: Converting Partitions apply the operations, a prompt appears asking if you want to apply the changes now before converting your FAT partition. Click OK to apply the changes and continue with the conversion. If you have any open files, a message appears indicating that the convert utility cannot gain exclusive access to the drive and asks if you want to perform the conversion immediately. If you type Y, your computer is shut down, and the conversion is done at reboot time. Converting FAT/FAT32 Partitions to 4K Aligned Unlike an NTFS partition, the first cluster in a FAT or FAT32 partition is not located at the beginning of the partition. Instead, all the FAT clusters come after a group of sectors that are designated as a system area. Because the number of sectors needed for this system area varies, the first cluster may not be aligned on any particular boundary. During a convert operation from FAT or FAT32 to NTFS, all the sectors in the system area must be converted to clusters. The cluster size of the resulting NTFS partition is dependent on how many sectors are in the system area. If the number of sectors in the system area is a multiple of eight, then the NTFS cluster size can be up to 4K in size (8 sectors x 512 bytes per sector equals 4K). If the number of sectors is not a multiple of eight, then a smaller cluster size must be used when converting to NTFS. When you convert a FAT or FAT32 partition to 4K aligned, the operation will check the number of sectors in the system area to see if it is a multiple of eight. If it is not, it will adjust the value by padding the number of sectors in the system area and shifting all the data clusters accordingly. This will ensure that if you decide to convert the partition to NTFS at a later time, it is possible to have 4K clusters on the resulting partition. Converting NTFS Partitions to FAT or FAT32 Converting an NTFS partition to FAT lets you view the contents of the partition from DOS, or Windows 9x/Me/NT/2000/XP. Converting an NTFS partition to FAT32 lets you view the contents of the partition from Windows 95b/98/Me/2000/XP. However, a FAT32 partition will not be accessible to Windows 95a and Windows NT. Norton PartitionMagic 73 IMPORTANT! You will lose file system-specific information when converting from NTFS to FAT. Refer to “NTFS Information Lost When Converting to FAT or FAT32” on page 75 for additional information. If the conversion fails when you apply changes, refer to the bulleted list below for a list of possible reasons. Restrictions on Converting NTFS Partitions to FAT or FAT32 NTFS is a more advanced file system than FAT and FAT32. Therefore, depending on the NTFS features used on the partition, the type of data, and partition size, you may or may not be allowed to complete the conversion. If you receive an error message and the conversion stops, it is usually caused by one or more of the following: • The file system for conversion is not allowed for the current partition size. A FAT32 partition should be greater than 256 MB, and a FAT partition must be less than 2 GB. • The NTFS partition has data in memory that has not yet been written to the hard disk. • ·The Windows 2000/XP NTFS partition has compressed files, sparse files, reparse points, or encrypted files. In such case, you can uncompress and/or move (or delete) the sparse files, then repeat the conversion. • The file system has errors, such as lost clusters and cross-linked files. You can fix these problems, then try the conversion again. • There is not enough temporary space in the partition to do the conversion. The conversion will require the NTFS system and the FAT32 system files until the last step of the conversion. Also, there is data in NTFS File Replication Services that must be moved to external clusters and saved. 74 Chapter 5: Converting Partitions NTFS Information Lost When Converting to FAT or FAT32 If you can complete the conversion from NTFS to FAT or FAT32, you may receive a warning about the quality of data and feature loss, depending on the features used on the partition, the type of data, and the partition size. Warning Description Error The conversion is not allowed. Because the partition being converted is using advanced features in NTFS, you may experience unintended data and feature loss. You will receive an error in one or more of the following cases: • • • • • • Warning There is more than one data stream for any file. Any links. Any extended attributes. Any user-defined attributes in any file. Device entries. There are sparse files on the volume. Any sparse files, except for the bad sector file, will stop the conversion. The conversion is allowed. Although a conversion warning is not as serious as an error, you may still experience the loss of NTFS-specific features that are not supported in FAT or FAT32. You will receive a conversion warning in one or more of the following cases: • Disk usage quotas - NTFS supports limiting the amount of disk space for a user. After conversion, all users will have full access to all free hard disk space. • Access control lists - This is a file attribute that lists all the users that can access a file. After conversion, all users will have full access to all files. • Index of access control lists - A list of all files that have specific access rights assigned to them. After conversion, all users will have full access to all files. • FAST index file - This file is sometimes created on Windows 2000 computers. After conversion, all indexing of keywords will be lost. • Old versions of files - NTFS has the ability to keep versions of files, however, only the current version of the file is converted and saved. Norton PartitionMagic 75 Warning Description No Warning The conversion is allowed. The most basic NTFS partition still gives files more features than are found in FAT or FAT32. When Windows NT 4.0 is used to copy files from an NTFS partition to a FAT partition, no warning is given about the features you are losing. Also, the conversion will not give you a warning about specific features that cannot be converted. These features include: • Standard journal file (only used internally by NTFS) - This file is a transaction log of changes to the NTFS file system. After conversion, the journal file will be lost. • NTFS-specific file attributes - NTFS and FAT both have standard file attributes, such as Read-only, Archive, Hidden, and System. NTFS has additional file attributes that can be set. After conversion, however, these additional file attributes will be lost. • NTFS-specific file dates - The last edit date is converted to the FAT date. After conversion, the creation date, last access date, and last edit date (date change only) will be lost. • Reliable change journal - This journal file is used by Windows 2000 and Windows XP. After conversion, this file will be lost. Converting Partitions to Logical or Primary You might want to convert a primary partition to a logical partition if you have reached the limit of primary partitions on your hard disk. If you create a logical partition, PartitionMagic will automatically place it in an extended partition. You can then create more logical partitions within that extended partition, expanding the maximum number of partitions on the disk. You might want to convert a logical partition to a primary partition if you plan to install an operating system on it. The partition must be a primary partition to be bootable. IMPORTANT! If you convert an active primary partition to logical (such as your Windows NT/2000/XP system partition), your computer will not boot from the hard drive. 5 Select the partition you want to convert. 6 On the toolbar Partition ➤ Convert. 76 Chapter 5: Converting Partitions The Convert Partition dialog appears. 7 Click either Primary or Logical. 8 Click OK. You cannot convert from primary to logical if another primary partition exists between the chosen partition and an existing logical partition. You cannot convert from logical to primary if the conversion would result in more than four primary partitions or the partition has one or more logical partitions to the left and one or more logical partitions to the right. Norton PartitionMagic 77 C H A P T E R 6 Using Wizards This chapter includes the following information: • Overview • Running Wizards • Create New Partition Wizard • Create Backup Partition Wizard • Install Another Operating System Wizard • Resize a Partition Wizard • Redistribute Free Space Wizard • Merge Partitions Wizard • Copy Partition Wizard 79 Overview PartitionMagic includes seven wizards for common tasks. The wizards provide an alternative to performing the tasks manually using the commands on the Partition menu. You do not have access to the wizards if you run PartitionMagic from the rescue disks. Running Wizards There are two ways to run a wizard: • Click under Pick a task in the upper left pane of the main screen. • Choose the task you want to perform from the Tasks menu. Applying Changes When you complete a wizard, the disk map and partition list in the main window reflect the changes you entered. However, the changes do not actually affect your system until you apply them. To apply the changes to your system, click General ➤ Apply Changes . To discard the changes without applying them, click General ➤ Discard All Changes (or Undo Last Change). After running a wizard, you can run other wizards or perform other partition operations and then apply or discard all the pending changes at once. Create New Partition Wizard The Create new partition wizard creates a new primary or logical partition. To create a new partition for another operating system, see “Install Another Operating System Wizard” on page 81, or review the demonstration video at http://service.symantec.com. You should be aware of the following considerations when creating a new partition: • Creating a new partition may cause your drive letters to change. For example, if you have one primary partition (C:) on your hard drive and a CD-ROM drive (D:), and you create a new logical partition on your hard drive, the new partition becomes D: and the CD-ROM drive changes to E: after you reboot your computer. As a result, any programs on your hard drive that were linked to the CD-ROM may no longer function because the paths to files have changed. (In such cases, you can run DriveMapper to correct the error.) 80 Chapter 6: Using Wizards • The file system you choose for the new partition will affect which operating systems can access the partition. Pay close attention to the information in the dialogs, or you may inadvertently make your data inaccessible. • After you apply the changes from the wizard and reboot your computer, the operating system assigns the new partition a drive letter. You can then save data or install an operating system to your new partition. Create Backup Partition Wizard You can protect your data files by copying them to a dedicated backup partition. The wizard will resize existing partitions on your hard disk to make room for a new partition. Then it will create the new partition. Install Another Operating System Wizard You can create a new partition especially designed for an operating system. The wizard prompts you to select the operating system you plan to install. Then it creates a partition that will work for that operating system—including the right size, the proper boot code boundary, and so forth. When you use the wizard, you do not need to know all the requirements of the operating system because the wizard will handle it for you. If you want the ability to switch between installed operating systems when you boot your computer, it is recommended that you install Norton™ BootMagic® before running this wizard. You should print the instructions displayed when you click the View Instructions button in the wizard. They will help you install an operating system to the new partition after you have completed the wizard. Resize a Partition Wizard The Resize a Partition wizard helps you resize a partition and lets you specify how the resize will affect other partitions on the same disk. For example, if you have C: and D: partitions and you choose to enlarge C:, the wizard could take space from D: and allocate it to C:. For information about resizing partitions without the wizard, see “Resizing and Moving Partitions” on page 29. Norton PartitionMagic 81 Redistribute Free Space Wizard The Redistribute free space wizard spreads the free space on a hard disk evenly across partitions. Free space refers to unused space within partitions and space that is not allocated to any partition. You can redistribute free space on one hard disk at a time. You cannot redistribute free space across several disks. For information about redistributing free space without the wizard, see “Resizing and Moving Partitions” on page 29. Merge Partitions Wizard The Merge Partitions wizard helps you merge two adjacent FAT, FAT32, or NTFS partitions. You choose two partitions, and one will be expanded to include the second. The contents of the second partition are added as a folder inside the first partition. Norton recommends that you run a file check (such as CheckDisk or ScanDisk) on the partitions to be merged before running the wizard and that you run DriveMapper to update drive letter references after merging partitions. The wizard will prompt you to run DriveMapper automatically. Copy Partition Wizard The Copy Partition wizard helps you duplicate a partition. The copy is the same size and file type and contains the same data as the original. When you copy a partition, you specify the hard disk and the unallocated space where you want to place the copy. If necessary, the wizard will resize neighboring partitions to create sufficient space to perform the copy. 82 Chapter 6: Using Wizards C H A P T E R 7 Using PartitionMagic Utilities This chapter includes the following information: • Changing Drive Letter References with DriveMapper • Switching between Bootable Partitions with PQBoot 83 Changing Drive Letter References with DriveMapper When you create, merge, delete, hide, and unhide partitions, your drive letters can change, causing applications not to run because application shortcuts, initialization files, and registry entries refer to incorrect drives. DriveMapper is a wizard that lets you easily update drive letter references. IMPORTANT! DriveMapper does not change drive letter assignments; it only changes references to the drive letters, which are assigned by your operating system. DriveMapper will run automatically if the following conditions are all met: • • • • You apply changes to your system that affect drive letter assignments. You are running Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows Me. Your hard disk contains only FAT or FAT32 partitions. You have no more than one CD-ROM drive and no more than one removable drive. To run DriveMapper manually, 1 From the PartitionMagic main window, click Tools ➤ DriveMapper. You can also click Start (on the Windows taskbar) ➤ Programs ➤ Norton PartitionMagic 8.0 ➤ PartitionMagic 8.0 Tools ➤ DriveMapper. If you are using Windows NT or Windows 2000/XP Professional as your only operating system, we recommend using the Change Drive Letter operation rather than DriveMapper. Change Drive Letter lets you permanently set the drive letters for your partitions so that adding and removing partitions does not affect drive letters. Note that if you merge or split partitions, drive letters will change even if you are using Windows NT/2000/XP and the Change Drive Letter operation. If you have installed an alternative desktop on Windows 9x with the desktop files residing on a different drive than the Windows system files, DriveMapper may not be able to adjust your paths. Because DriveMapper is a Windows program, it must have Windows loaded to run. If the drive letter has been changed for the drive that holds your desktop files, you may not be able to start Windows. For further information about how operating systems assign drive letters, see the second paragraph under “Assigning a CD-ROM Drive Letter” on page 111. 84 Chapter 7: Using PartitionMagic Utilities Using DriveMapper With Multiple Operating Systems If you run multiple operating systems, you should reinstall applications rather than use DriveMapper. The following issues make using DriveMapper in a multiple operating system environment difficult and error-prone: • Drive letter assignments are based on the file systems supported by an operating system. If you do not put all FAT32 and NTFS partitions after all FAT partitions, drive letters will change depending on the operating system currently running, and DriveMapper may be unable to correctly identify which changes should be made. • Registry settings are changed for the current operating system only. If you manually run DriveMapper from another operating system, references in files will already be changed in the current operating system and further changes will introduce errors in the other operating systems. • When DriveMapper is running, files contained in hidden partitions are not updated. If you are using multiple primary partitions for different operating systems, only the active primary partition may be visible to be updated. Changing Drive Letters in the Correct Order DriveMapper must change drive letters in the correct order to avoid destroying original references before they are used to make changes for other drive letters. For example, assume you have two partitions on your hard disk (a primary partition C: and a logical partition D:) and a CD-ROM drive E:. Suppose you create a logical partition between C: and D:. The drive letter of D: changes to E:, and the drive letter of E: changes to F:; however, references in certain files (such as shortcuts) still reflect the original drive letter assignments. DriveMapper must first change the drive E: references to F: and then change the drive D: references to E:. DriveMapper will automatically place changes in the proper order. Norton strongly recommends that you apply changes in the order DriveMapper chooses. Switching between Bootable Partitions with PQBoot PQBoot™ is a quick and easy way to switch between bootable primary partitions. You may want to use PQBoot if you only occasionally change the active partition and do not want to use BootMagic or if you cannot use BootMagic easily because you only have NTFS partitions on your computer. You can also use PQBoot for Windows in conjunction with BootMagic to create a “boot once” environment—where you boot from one OS into another and then return to the orginal OS on the next reboot. Norton PartitionMagic 85 For more information about BootMagic, see “BootMagic” on page 89. PQBoot for Windows You can use PQBoot for Windows in conjunction with BootMagic to switch to another operating system without changing your BootMagic configuration settings. You can also use PQBoot for Windows without having BootMagic installed. Then the settings you choose are “sticky” and will be in effect until you run PQBoot for Windows again or change the active partition with PartitionMagic. 1 Click Start ➤ Programs ➤ Norton PartitionMagic 8.0 ➤ PartitionMagic 8.0 Tools ➤ PQBoot for Windows. Under Windows 95/98/Me, PQBoot for Windows will only run if PQVXD.VXD is in the same directory as PQBOOT32.EXE. PQBoot for Windows displays the primary partitions on your first hard disk. 2 Choose the partition that you want to boot to. PQBoot for Windows will enable you to choose a partition that does not include an operating system. If there is no operating system on the active partition, you must have rescue disks or a boot disk to perform any operations. 3 Click Restart Now to reboot to the new partition immediately, or click Restart Later to boot to that partition the next time you boot the computer. 4 Click OK. 86 Chapter 7: Using PartitionMagic Utilities 5 If you select Restart Now, a confirmation dialog appears. Click Yes to confirm. When you reboot, PQBoot makes the selected partition active and hides the other primary partitions on the hard disk. PQBoot for DOS 1 Go to a DOS prompt. Change to the directory containing PQBOOT.EXE or PQBOOTX.EXE. 2 Type PQBOOT or PQBOOTX, then press . Use PQBOOT if you want a small, fast executable that will fit on a floppy disk that has limited free space. Be aware, however, that PQBOOT may not display volume labels correctly for FAT or FAT32 partitions and volume labels for NTFS partitions will not display at all. Use PQBOOTX if the executable file size and speed are not critical. PQBOOTX will display all volume labels in FAT, FAT32, and NTFS partitions. PQBoot displays a list of all primary partitions. 3 Type the ID number of the partition (shown in the first column) you want to make the bootable primary partition. 4 Press . PQBoot makes the partition active and reboots the computer. If you need to maintain multiple, visible primary partitions under Windows NT, you should run PQBoot with the /M switch. PQBoot for DOS Command Line Switches PQBoot for DOS offers several command line switches that are useful when you know the ID number or volume name of the partition you want to make active. To use a switch, run PQBoot from a DOS prompt. Switch Description /A: Marks a partition active without rebooting. /M Maintains the hidden/visible status of each partition. If you have a Windows NT installation that looks for multiple, visible primary partitions, you should run PQBoot with the /M switch. Norton PartitionMagic 87 Switch Description /P: Selects the active partition using the partition’s ID number. /S Shows partition information, including ID numbers and volume names. /V:
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