Norton Abrasives Paper Shredder 8 Users Manual EN PartitionMagic 8.05 User Guide

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User’s Guide

Norton™

PartitionMagic 8.0

®

Includes Symantec™ BootMagic®

Norton™ PartitionMagic® 8.0

User Guide

© 1994-2004 Symantec Corporation

All rights reserved. This product and/or its use may be covered by one or more of the

following patents: 5,675,769; 5,706,472; 5,930,831; 6,088,778; 6,108,697; 6,108,759;

6,173,291; 6,178,487; 6,178,503; 6,185,575; 6,185,666; 6,253,300; 6,330,653;

and 6,377,958. Additional patents may be pending.

The software described in this book is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the

terms of the agreement.

Copyright Notice

Copyright ©2004 Symantec Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

Any technical documentation that is made available by Symantec Corporation is the copyrighted work of Symantec

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NO WARRANTY. The technical documentation is being delivered to you AS-IS, and Symantec Corporation makes no

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No part of this publication may be copied without the express written permission of Symantec Corporation, 20330 Stevens

Creek Blvd., Cupertino, CA 95014.

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Symantec, the Symantec logo, and Norton PartitionMagic are U.S. registered trademarks of Symantec Corporation. Norton,

BootMagic, Drive Image, DriveMapper, and GoBack are trademarks of Symantec Corporation in the United States and

elsewhere. DOS, Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft

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Cupertino, CA 95014 USA

800.441.7234

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World Wide Web site:

http://www.symantec.com

iii

SYMANTEC SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT

Norton PartitionMagic

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iv

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v

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vi

Norton PartitionMagic vii

Introduction

What Is PartitionMagic? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

New Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 1: Getting Started

PartitionMagic System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Installing PartitionMagic under Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Creating Rescue Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Before Running PartitionMagic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Running PartitionMagic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Setting a Password for PartitionMagic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Uninstalling PartitionMagic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics

PartitionMagic Main Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Rescue Disk Main Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Process Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Selecting a Hard Disk and Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Selecting an Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Undoing an Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Viewing Pending Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Applying Changes to Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Supported File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Changing PartitionMagic Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Using International Keyboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Defragmenting a Hard Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Chapter 3: Managing Partitions

Integrity Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Browsing Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Resizing and Moving Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Creating Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Deleting Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Table of Contents

Table of Contentsviii

Undeleting Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Changing Partition Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Formatting Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Copying Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Checking Partitions for Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Merging Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Splitting Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Getting Information About Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Scanning a Disk for Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Defragmenting Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Chapter 4: Completing Advanced Disk Operations

Changing a Drive Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Retesting Bad Sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Hiding and Unhiding Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Resizing the Root Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Setting an Active Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Resizing Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Chapter 5: Converting Partitions

Procedure for Converting Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Converting FAT Partitions to FAT32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Converting FAT Partitions to NTFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Converting FAT32 Partitions to FAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Converting FAT32 Partitions to NTFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Converting FAT/FAT32 Partitions to 4K Aligned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Converting NTFS Partitions to FAT or FAT32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Converting Partitions to Logical or Primary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Chapter 6: Using Wizards

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Running Wizards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Create New Partition Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Create Backup Partition Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Install Another Operating System Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Resize a Partition Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Redistribute Free Space Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Norton PartitionMagic ix

Merge Partitions Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Copy Partition Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Chapter 7: Using PartitionMagic Utilities

Changing Drive Letter References with DriveMapper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Switching between Bootable Partitions with PQBoot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Chapter 8: BootMagic

Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Configuring BootMagic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Setting BootMagic Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Adding an Operating System to the BootMagic Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Removing an Item from the BootMagic Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Modifying a Menu Item’s Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Setting a Default Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Booting from a Second Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Setting the Startup Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Disabling BootMagic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Using the BootMagic Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Using BootMagic to Install Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Appendix A: Using PartitionMagic With Other Programs

Norton Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Disk Compression Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Operating System Boot Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Virus Protection Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Drive Overlay Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

SoundBlaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

GoBack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Defragmenting Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Appendix B: Troubleshooting

General Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Generating Diagnostic Reports with PartitionInfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Error Messages and Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Exit Code 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Table of Contentsx

Appendix C: Service and Support Solutions

Customer service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Technical support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Subscription policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Worldwide service and support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Service and support offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Index

Norton PartitionMagic 1

Introduction

What Is PartitionMagic?

Norton™ PartitionMagic® is a utility that lets you quickly and easily create, delete,

merge, or convert file systems of partitions on your hard disk without destroying existing

data. PartitionMagic will make your hard disk more efficient and provide greater security

for your data.

PartitionMagic enables you to secure your data by physically separating it from other files.

Separate partitions also make backups easy.

PartitionMagic helps you reliably run multiple operating systems on the same computer.

PartitionMagic also includes BootMagic, a powerful boot manager that helps you safely

install new operating systems and lets you choose which operating system you want to use

when starting your computer.

In addition to powerful partitioning features, PartitionMagic offers a variety of other

options. For instance, you can perform partitioning operations and view the changes that

will be made before applying them to your system. Additionally, you can view

comprehensive information about your hard disk geometry and your hardware system, and

you can resize root directories (FAT, FAT32) to make room for more long filenames.

New Features

Norton PartitionMagic 8.0 includes the following new features:

•New user interface – Makes PartitionMagic easier to navigate.

•Large partition support – Enables management of partitions up to 300 GB when the

partition is less than 90% full. Larger hard drives may require additional memory.

•File browser – Makes it possible to browse the contents of a partition or copy, move,

and rename files and folders from within PartitionMagic.

•Running multiple operating systems – BootMagic has been enhanced, so it can be

installed on a FAT or FAT32 partition on any hard disk. PQBoot for Windows has

been added, enabling you to boot into an alternate operating system from Windows

and return to the standard operating system on the next reboot.

Introduction2

•Ability to resize clusters on NTFS partitions – Reclaims lost performance that can

result from converting a FAT32 partition to NTFS as part of an operating system

upgrade. Larger clusters can also reduce the rate of fragmentation.

•Installing Another Operating System wizard – Includes built-in information so

more of the operations are automated when you are preparing your system to run

multiple operating systems. Also includes information you can print to help you with

the part of the process that is not directly tied to PartitionMagic.

•Create Backup Partition wizard – Helps you create a partition for backup data files.

•Flash tutorial – Introduces partitioning concepts and provides an overview of the

tasks you can complete with PartitionMagic.

3

CHAPTER

1

Getting Started

This chapter includes the following information:

• PartitionMagic System Requirements

• Installing PartitionMagic under Windows

• Creating Rescue Disks

• Before Running PartitionMagic

• Running PartitionMagic

• Setting a Password for PartitionMagic

• Uninstalling PartitionMagic

Chapter 1: Getting Started4

PartitionMagic System Requirements

PartitionMagic for Windows requires a minimum of 70 MB of hard disk space, a CD drive

(any speed), a 3.5-inch floppy drive, VGA or higher resolution monitor with a screen area

of at least 800 x 600 pixels, and processor and memory requirements as shown below.

* Resizing NTFS clusters on partitions over 120 GB in size requires 256 MB RAM.

PartitionMagic supports hardware RAID level 0 (disk striping) and RAID level 5 (striping

with parity).

PartitionMagic supports external USB, USB2, and FireWire (1394) hard drives under

Windows. Operations that are executed in boot mode are not supported on these devices.

See “USB, USB2, and FireWire Support” on page 17.

The rescue disk version of PartitionMagic requires a Pentium/150 MHz processor (or

faster), a 3.5-inch floppy drive, 8 MB of RAM (16 MB for NTFS partitions; 32 MB

recommended for FAT32 partitions; some very large partitions may require up to 256

MB). Microsoft recommends 128 MB RAM for Windows 2000 and Windows XP

systems, although the product can run on systems with 64 MB RAM.

Installing PartitionMagic under Windows

You must have administrative privileges to install PartitionMagic on a Windows NT,

Windows 2000, or Windows XP system.

IMPORTANT! PartitionMagic must be installed on a local drive, not on a network drive.

Operating System Minimum RAM Minimum Processor

Windows 95b through

Windows 98 SE

32 MB Pentium/150 MHz or compatible

Windows Me 32 MB Pentium/150 MHz or compatible

Windows NT 4.0

Workstation with SP6a

applied

32 MB* Pentium/150 MHz or compatible

Windows 2000

Professional

64 MB* Pentium/150 MHz or compatible

Windows XP 128 MB* Pentium/233 MHz or compatible

Norton PartitionMagic 5

NOTE Before installing PartitionMagic 8.0 under Windows 2000, ensure you have

updated the operating system with the latest Microsoft Service Pack (SP2 or

greater).

As a good computing practice, regardless of operating system, run chkdsk /f

before running Partition Magic to make sure there are no file system errors on

the partition.

1 Insert the PartitionMagic CD into your CD drive.

2If the installation program does not start automatically, click Start ➤ Run on the

Windows taskbar. Then type

drive

:\AUTORUN, where

drive

is the drive letter of

your CD drive.

3Click PartitionMagic ➤ Install, and follow the on-screen installation instructions.

There is sometimes a delay after you click Install. If you click it twice, you will start two

instances of the installation and will have to cancel the second one.

Creating Rescue Disks

You can run a DOS version of PartitionMagic or the BootMagic configuration program

from the PartitionMagic CD if your computer has the ability to boot from a CD. If your

computer cannot boot from a CD, Norton recommends that you create rescue diskettes at

the end of the PartitionMagic installation.

You can create rescue disks from the PartitionMagic CD or from the Start menu. The

bootable CD and rescue disks also enable you to run PartitionMagic from DOS, Windows

3.x, or Linux machines.

Rescue disks are useful when:

• You want to run PartitionMagic, but you do not have an operating system that is

supported by the Windows version of the software.

• You have hidden the partition where PartitionMagic is installed and need to run

PartitionMagic to unhide the partition.

• You have accidently converted a partition to FAT32 or NTFS and your operating

system does not support that operating system, so your computer will not boot. (You

can use the rescue disks to convert the partition back to FAT.)

• Other occasions arise when you do not have access to PartitionMagic on the CD or

hard drive.

Chapter 1: Getting Started6

You must have two blank 1.44 MB floppy disks available before you begin this procedure

(three disks for double-byte languages).

1 You can create rescue disks three ways:

2Insert a blank formatted 1.44 MB disk into your 3.5-inch disk drive and click OK.

3Follow the prompts and the instructions on the progress bar (located at the bottom of

the window).

To create rescue

disks from: Do this:

Windows

(preferred

method)

Click Start ➤ Programs ➤ Norton PartitionMagic 8.0 ➤

PartitionMagic 8.0 Tools ➤ Create Rescue Disks.

PartitionMagic

CD (useful if you

do not have

Windows)

1a Open the English\DOSMAKE folder on the

PartitionMagic CD.

1b Type MAKEDISK A:, where A: is the drive letter for

your floppy disk drive.

You can also install the DOS version of PartitionMagic to

your hard disk using this process. If you install to your hard

disk, the PartitionMagic files (but not the system files) will be

installed to a PQMAGIC directory at the root of the disk, and

you will not need floppy disks.

PartitionMagic

main window

Click Tools ➤ Create Rescue Disks on the menu bar.

Norton PartitionMagic 7

The rescue disks contain the following files:

If you create rescue disks for a double-byte language, the third disk includes fonts.

Before Running PartitionMagic

It is wise to run a file check (such as CheckDisk or ScanDisk) before running

PartitionMagic. Doing so can help you avoid problems you could encounter if you try to

manipulate partitions on a disk with bad sectors or file system errors. See “Checking

Partitions for Errors” on page 50.

You should back up your hard disk before using PartitionMagic. While PartitionMagic has

been thoroughly tested and is reliable, other factors, (such as power failures, operating

system bugs, and hardware defects), can put your data at risk. Before using any utility that

makes extensive changes to your hard disk, you should back up your data.

PartitionMagic cannot run while other low-level disk utilities (such as virus detection

software, defragmenting software like Diskeeper®, or backup software like Norton

GoBack™) are running. Close all such utilities prior to starting PartitionMagic.

Verify that the version of PartitionMagic you are running is supported on the operating

system (and Service Pack, if applicable) you are running. See “PartitionMagic System

Requirements” on page 4.

PartitionMagic Disk 1 PartitionMagic Disk 2

• Autoexe2.bat

• Autoexec.bat

• Command.com

• Ega.cpi

•Keyb.com

• Mode.com

• Partinfo.exe (utility program)

• PTEDIT (utility program)

• Miscellaneous system (.SYS) files

• MSCDEX.exe (Windows 9x/Me

only)

• NWCDEX.exe (Windows

NT/2000/XP only)

•Fdisk.com (Windows NT/2000/XP

only)

• CHKDSK.exe

• Autoexec.bat

• Command.com

• Mouse.com

• PMHelp.dat (help file)

•PQMagic.exe

•PQMagic.ovl

•PQMagic.pqg

•PQPB.rtc

• Rescue.txt

•zAbout.pqg

• Boot.ini (Windows NT/2000/XP

only)

Chapter 1: Getting Started8

If you would like a high-level overview of PartitionMagic, click Help ➤ Flash Tutorial

to run a Flash presentation that explains the product.

Running PartitionMagic

You can run PartitionMagic from Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows NT

4.0 Workstation, Windows 2000 Professional, or Windows XP. Under any other operating

system, you must run PartitionMagic from the rescue disks.

Running PartitionMagic from Rescue Disks

When you boot your computer from the first rescue disk, PQMAGIC automatically runs.

You must insert the second rescue disk when prompted.

Preparation

Before you run PartitionMagic from the rescue disks, you should:

• Turn off third-party disk caches.

• Deactivate/unload any TSR programs that access or modify partitions being changed.

You cannot run PartitionMagic on a Windows 2000 Professional, Windows XP

Professional, or Windows Me machine that is in hibernation. To use the rescue diskette or

PartitionMagic for Windows, Windows 2000, Windows XP, or Windows Me must have

been shut down normally.

Rescue Disk Limitations

The following features are not available when you run the DOS version of PartitionMagic

from the rescue disks or from the PartitionMagic bootable CD.

• Split partitions

• Secure erase of partitions

• Undo last change

• Wizards

To run from: Do this:

Windows Start menu Click Start ➤ Programs ➤ Norton PartitionMagic 8.0 ➤

PartitionMagic 8.0.

Windows Explorer Right-click any drive object, and click PartitionMagic 8.0.

Norton PartitionMagic 9

If you run out of space on the first rescue disk as a result of adding network, SCSI, or

CD-ROM drivers to your boot sequence, you can delete the following files from the disk:

chkdsk.com, fdisk.exe, ptedit.exe, and partinfo.exe. We recommend that you delete the

files in that order, freeing up only the space that you need to accommodate additional files.

These files are included in the Utilities folder on the PartitionMagic CD where you can

access them later, if necessary.

If you use an international keyboard or character set, you will need to modify the

AUTOEXE2.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files on the rescue disks. Refer to “Using

International Keyboards” on page 23 for additional information.

Checking an NTFS partition with the rescue disk version of PartitionMagic may take an

unusually long time. Since PartitionMagic performs checks both before and after the

move, copy, and resize operations, these operations may be slower with the rescue disk

version of PartitionMagic than with the Windows version.

Command Line Switches

The following command line options are supported by the Windows version and the DOS

(rescue disk) version of PartitionMagic, unless noted otherwise. When you specify

multiple options, the order is unimportant.

Switch Description

/? Lists all the command line options switches for the version of

PartitionMagic you are running.

/CAS Copies all sectors within partitions.

/CBS Checks for all bad sectors.

/CEC Checks for extra cylinders.

/DBG Enables debug messages.

/IFC Ignores file system checks.

/I24 Ignores the 1024 cylinder boundary.

/MUP Allows you to move partitions of unknown types.

/NBS Disables bad sector checking.

/NRB Instructs PartitionMagic not to reboot after the program exits.

Chapter 1: Getting Started10

Setting a Password for PartitionMagic

You can assign a password that must be entered before PartitionMagic for Windows will

start.

1 Click General ➤ Set Password.

The Set Password dialog appears.

2Type a new password, then press <Tab>.

3Confirm the new password, then press <Tab>.

4(Optional) Add a hint.

5Click OK.

/NSS Does not display the splash screen.

/PQB Forces the batch file to the specified location. PartitionMagic creates a

batch file when it must perform some operations in boot mode.

Syntax: PQMAGIC /PQB=C:\, where C: is the location where you

want the batch file to be saved.

/RAV Tells PartitionMagic to read and verify all disk writes. Enabling this

option increases the length of time needed to perform some operations,

but it ensures that the operation outcome is accurate.

/UVM Tells PartitionMagic to use virtual memory.

/WFS Wipes the first sector after deleting all partitions.

Switch Description

Norton PartitionMagic 11

Entering a Password

When you start PartitionMagic and there is a password assigned, the Enter Password

dialog appears.

1 Type the password assigned to PartitionMagic.

You can click Hint to display a reminder.

2Click OK.

Changing a Password

1 Click General ➤ Set Password.

2Type the old password, then press <Tab>.

3Type the new password, then press <Tab>.

To remove password protection, leave the new password fields blank.

4Confirm the new password, then press <Tab>.

5(Optional) Change the hint.

6Click OK.

Uninstalling PartitionMagic

1 On the Windows taskbar, click Start ➤ Settings ➤ Control Panel.

2Double-click Add/Remove Programs, then select PartitionMagic 8.0.

3Click Add/Remove.

13

CHAPTER

2

PartitionMagic Basics

This chapter includes the following information:

• PartitionMagic Main Window

• Rescue Disk Main Window

• Process Overview

• Selecting a Hard Disk and Partition

• Selecting an Operation

• Undoing an Operation

• Viewing Pending Operations

• Applying Changes to Your System

• Supported File Systems

• Changing PartitionMagic Preferences

• Using International Keyboards

• Defragmenting a Hard Drive

• Getting Help

Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics14

PartitionMagic Main Window

The main window includes an action panel with shortcuts for common tasks and an

overview of pending operations, a map of each disk, and a list of the partitions on the

selected disk.

The menu bar and a toolbar appear at the top of the window. The menu bar gives you

access to all of PartitionMagic’s features. The toolbar gives you quick access to

commonly used options. When the pointer is over a toolbar, the status bar shows what the

button does.

You can customize the main screen by clicking commands on the View menu.

Note that the main screen is different if you run PartitionMagic from the rescue disks. See

“Rescue Disk Main Window” on page 15.

Disk Map

The disk map shows the partitions approximately to scale and also shows unallocated

space (space not assigned to any partition). You can also display hard disks to scale by

clicking View ➤ Scale Disk Map. Each partition is represented by a different color

according to the file system it uses. If the selected hard disk contains logical partitions, the

logical partitions are shown within an extended partition.

Menu Bar

Toolbar

Disk Map

Partition List

Tasks

(Wizards)

Status Bar

Operations

for selected

partition

(unavailable

options are

dimmed)

Legend

Norton PartitionMagic 15

Each partition is color-coded to show the file system it uses and the used and unused space

within the partition. A legend is displayed just above the status bar located at the bottom of

the PartitionMagic window. You can use the Legend to help you understand the different

colors used in the disk map and partition list.

There are triangle indicators to mark the 2 GB boot boundary and the 8 GB boot boundary

(1024 cylinder limit). The boundary markers can help you as you create, move, or resize

partitions, so you will not make primary partitions unbootable by accident. For additional

information about the boot boundaries, refer to “Understanding the BIOS 1024 Cylinder

Limit” or “Understanding the 2 GB Boot Code Boundary” in the PartitionMagic online

help located under Getting Started > Partitioning Basics.

Partition List

The partition list displays the following information about each partition: drive letter,

volume label, file system type, size, amount of used and unused space in megabytes,

status, and whether the partition is a primary or logical partition. If the partition does not

have a volume label, “Local Disk” displays next to the drive letter.

An asterisk (*) appears in place of a drive letter for:

• Hidden partitions

• Extended partitions

• Partitions with file systems not supported by the active operating system

• Unallocated space (space not currently assigned to any partition)

A partition’s status can be:

•Active: The partition the computer boots from.

•Hidden: Partitions that do not have a drive letter. Partitions can be hidden by the

operating system (which may hide all primary partitions except the active one), or

you can hide partitions with PartitionMagic. Under Windows 2000/XP Professional,

hidden partitions are permitted to have a drive letter.

•None: Partitions that are not active or hidden.

Rescue Disk Main Window

The main screen appears different when you run from rescue disks than it does when you

run PartitionMagic from Windows.

Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics16

•Menu bar — gives you access to all of PartitionMagic’s features. Be aware that the

operations available from the Partition menu when you run PartitionMagic under

Windows are available under the Operations menu when you run from the rescue

disks.

•Toolbar — gives you quick access to commonly used options and allows you to

select the disk you want to operate on.

•Partition information — provides both a visual and text description of the partitions

on the disk.

•Status bar — shows you how many operations are pending; also includes a brief

description of the currently selected option.

Process Overview

To complete a task, follow this general process:

1 Select a hard disk and partition.

The steps for selecting a hard disk and partition are included in this chapter of the user

guide. You must follow these steps before you can perform any operation within

PartitionMagic.

2Select an operation and enter details about the changes you want to perform.

Menu Bar

Toolbar

Disk Map

Status Bar

Partition List

Norton PartitionMagic 17

3Apply changes to your system. See “Applying Changes to Your System” on page 19.

You can also perform some tasks using the wizards. See “Using Wizards” on page 79.

Selecting a Hard Disk and Partition

You can select a partition without first selecting a hard disk. To select a partition, click it

in the disk map or partition list on the main screen.

To select a hard disk, click the title bar on the disk map or click the disk in the partition

list. There are two operations that can be performed on a hard disk: delete all the partitions

or display information about the hard disk. When you select a hard disk, its partitions

display in the partition list in the main window.

PartitionMagic does not support volume sets, stripe sets, stripe sets with parity, or

partitions located on disk mirror/duplex sets configured using Windows NT Disk

Administrator. Under Windows 2000/XP, PartitionMagic supports standard partitions

located on basic disk sets only.

USB, USB2, and FireWire Support

PartitionMagic supports external USB, USB2, and FireWire (1394, IEEE) hard drives

under Windows. Operations that are executed in boot mode are not supported on these

devices.

You can see if an operation will be performed in boot mode by clicking View ➤

Operations Pending. If an operation displays with an asterisk (*), it will not work on a

USB, USB2, or FireWire drive. If any of the queued operations displays with an asterisk,

all of the queued operations will be applied in boot mode.

You may increase the chances of an operation’s being applied under Windows by closing

all applications other than PartitionMagic and only working on operations on that drive (as

opposed to the USB or FireWire drive and drive C:, for example).

Removable Media Support

PartitionMagic is not designed to work on removable media. Norton technical support

does not guarantee they will be able to resolve problems you encounter when partitioning

removable media.

Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics18

Dynamic Disks

Windows 2000 and Windows XP use basic disks and dynamic disks. You cannot perform

PartitionMagic operations on dynamic disks.

Selecting an Operation

After you have selected a disk or a partition, you can select an operation using the action

panel, toolbar, context menu, or menu bar. If an operation cannot be performed on the

selected partition, the item appears dimmed on the menu and in the action panel.

• Click one of the operations on the action panel or the toolbar.

When you place the pointer on a toolbar button, a pop-up window displays the

button’s function.

• In the disk map or partition list, right-click the partition you want to change, then

click the desired operation from the context menu.

• On the menu bar, click Partition, then choose the desired operation. (If you are

running PartitionMagic from the rescue disks, click Operations on the menu bar,

then choose the desired operation.)

For more information about the items on the Partition menu, see Chapters 3, 4, and 5 of

this user guide.

Undoing an Operation

To undo or reverse the last operation performed, click General ➤ Undo Last Change on

the menu bar, press <Ctrl+Z>, or click Undo in the action panel.

If you have performed an operation using a wizard, Undo Last Change will undo all the

changes made by the wizard.

To discard all the pending operations, click General ➤ Discard all Changes, or press

<Ctrl+D>.

Norton PartitionMagic 19

Viewing Pending Operations

PartitionMagic queues operations until you apply them. You can view the operations that

are pending at any time at the bottom of the action panel, or you can display a more

detailed view.

1 Click View ➤ Operations Pending.

The Operations Currently Pending dialog appears.

If an asterisk displays to the left of an operation, the operation will be applied in boot

mode rather than in Windows. If any operation in the list appears with an asterisk, all of

the operations will be applied in boot mode.

From the list of pending operations, you can choose to undo the last change, discard all

changes, apply all changes, or close the window.

If you are running PartitionMagic from the rescue disks, you cannot modify pending

operations from this window.

Applying Changes to Your System

As you complete tasks using the Partition menu (or Operations menu if running from the

rescue disks), the disk map and partition list reflect the changes you have made. However,

no changes physically take place on your system until you apply them. You can perform

several operations and then apply all the changes at once.

Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics20

To apply changes to your system, click General ➤ Apply Changes, or click Apply in the

action panel.

To discard the changes and start over, click General ➤ Discard All Changes. With the

exception of being able to undelete some partitions, you cannot discard or undo changes

after you have applied them.

Applying Changes in Windows vs. Boot Mode

When you apply changes, PartitionMagic evaluates your system to see if changes are

being made to partitions where there are open files (such as when you modify the C: drive

while running Windows). If there are no open files, the changes will be applied while

Windows is running. If there are open files, PartitionMagic must go into boot mode to

apply the changes. When prompted, click OK to go into boot mode. You do not need to

have DOS installed on your system to apply changes in boot mode.

Supported File Systems

You can create or modify the following partition types with PartitionMagic. Before

making modifications, you should ensure that both the partition type and operating system

on your machine are supported by PartitionMagic.

Partition

Type Description

Extended The extended partition gets around the arbitrary four-partition limit

for a disk. An extended partition is a container in which you can

further divide your disk space by creating logical partitions. An

extended partition does not directly hold data. You must create

logical partitions within the extended partition to store data.

Extendedx An extendedx partition functions like an extended partition but is not

limited to the first 8 GB (1024 cylinders) on a hard disk.

Linux kernels below 2.2 do not support extendedx partitions.

FAT Uses file allocation table (FAT) and clusters. The FAT file system is

used by DOS, Windows 3.x, and most Windows 95 installations. A

FAT partition is also accessible by all newer operating systems.

FAT16x FAT16x is a proprietary file system developed by Microsoft to enable

FAT partitions beyond 1024 cylinders (~8GB).

Norton PartitionMagic 21

Changing PartitionMagic Preferences

1 In the main window, click General ➤ Preferences.

FAT32 FAT32 is an enhancement of the FAT file system. It uses 32-bit file

allocation table entries, rather than the 16-bit entries used by the FAT

system, so FAT32 supports larger disk or partition sizes (up to 2

terabytes). The minimum size for a FAT32 partition is 256 MB.

DOS, Windows 3.x, Windows NT 3.51/4.0, and early versions of

Windows 95 (before version 4.00.950B) do not recognize FAT32 and

cannot read files on a FAT32 partition.

FAT32x FAT32x is a proprietary file system developed by Microsoft to enable

FAT32 partitions beyond 1024 cylinders (~8GB). Windows 95 OSR2

and later versions of Windows may use FAT32x partitions.

Linux Ext2

and Ext3

The Linux Ext2 and Ext3 file systems are only accessible by Linux, a

freeware version of UNIX. The Linux Ext2 file system supports a

maximum partition size of 4 terabytes.

Linux Swap Holds a Linux swap file. The maximum usable size of a Linux swap

file is 128 MB. (This limitation, however, does not apply if you are

using a Linux Kernel that is verion 2.2.x or later.) The default size

shown when you create a Linux swap partition may be slightly larger

because of the physical geometry on the hard disk.

NTFS The New Technology File System (NTFS) is accessible by Windows

NT, Windows 2000, and Windows XP. NTFS is not recommended

for use on disks less than 400 MB because it uses a great deal of

space for system structures.

Unformatted Unformatted partitions reserve a portion of the disk but are not

assigned a file structure.

Unallocated

space

Unallocated space is the portion of a hard disk that is not currently

assigned to any partition.

Partition

Type Description

Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics22

A check mark next to a preference indicates it is enabled.

2Click check boxes to enable or disable preferences, then click OK.

Allow 64K FAT Clusters for Windows NT/Windows 2000/XP

This preference lets you create FAT partitions with 64 KB clusters, which allows you to

use PartitionMagic to create FAT partitions up to 4 GB.

IMPORTANT! Because DOS and Windows 3.x/95/98/Me do not support cluster sizes

larger than 32K, you cannot access a 64K partition using these operating

systems. You should only use 64K partitions with Windows NT/2000/XP.

If you are using multiple operating systems, Norton recommends not using

64K clusters.

When enabled, the 64K cluster size is available in the Resize/Move Partition and Resize

Clusters dialogs.

Skip Bad Sector Checks

When PartitionMagic modifies partitions, it performs extensive testing to detect bad

sectors on your hard disk. Newer disk types (such as Enhanced IDE and SCSI) often

handle bad sectors internally, making such testing superfluous. For this reason,

PartitionMagic lets you bypass these tests with Skip Bad Sector Checks. When this

preference is enabled, the Resize/Move, Create, Copy, and Format operations run faster.

WARNING! If you skip bad sector checks and your hard disk has bad sectors, data loss

can result.

Indicates whether

the current

operating system

supports FAT32

partitions.

Norton PartitionMagic 23

Bad sector checking is on by default. PartitionMagic lets you set this preference

individually for each of your hard disks. If your system has an older disk and a newer one,

you could check the older disk and skip the newer one. A check mark next to a disk means

to skip bad sector checking for that disk.

Set as Read-Only for PartitionMagic

This preference lets you prevent PartitionMagic from making any changes to a hard disk.

You can set this preference individually for each of your hard disks.

There are some exceptions to how this preference is applied:

• If the disk contains the boot partition, some files may be changed, such as the

Windows NT boot initialization (BOOT.INI) file.

• If you tell PartitionMagic to run DriveMapper automatically, certain files, such as

initialization files and shortcut files, may be changed.

Using International Keyboards

When you use the DOS version of PartitionMagic (see “Running PartitionMagic from

Rescue Disks” on page 8), you may lose the ability to use your keyboard the way you are

accustomed to or to view extended characters properly. The PartitionMagic rescue disks

include the files you need to resolve these problems.

If you use an international keyboard or character set, you must edit the AUTOEXE2.BAT

and CONFIG.SYS files on the rescue disks.

1 The following lines are remarked in the AUTOEXE2.BAT file. Delete the REM from

the beginning of the line, and replace the variables

xx

and

yyy

with the keyboard

code and character set code page for your language.

MODE CON CP PREP=((

yyy

)EGA.CPI)

MODE CON CP SEL=

yyy

KEYB

xx

,

yyy

xx

= two-letter keyboard code (for example, US or FR)

yyy

= character set code page (for example, 437)

2Save the AUTOEXE2.BAT file.

3The following line is remarked in the CONFIG.SYS file. Delete the REM from the

beginning of the line, and replace the variable

yyy

with the character set code page

for your language.

Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics24

DEVICE=DISPLAY.SYS CON=(EGA,yyy,)

4Save the CONFIG.SYS file.

5Reboot from the first rescue disk.

Defragmenting a Hard Drive

Defragmenting your hard drive will optimize the storage of data by organizing your files

in a contiguous order. You can run Windows Defragmenter within PartitionMagic for

Windows. Right-click a partition in the disk map, then select Windows Defragmenter

from the menu. PartitionMagic will lock and Windows Defragmenter will run. When the

disk is defragmented, Windows Defragmenter will close, and PartitionMagic will unlock

so you can continue running it.

Getting Help

PartitionMagic Help provides in-depth information on features as well as step-by-step

instructions for specific tasks.

To access Help, click Help ➤ Contents on the menu bar in the PartitionMagic main

window.

The Norton PartitionMagic Help is organized into books and pages.

Find information

with the Index

(key) and Find

(binoculars)

tabs.

Double-click a

page to read

the help topic.

Double-click a

book to view the

pages in it.

Norton PartitionMagic 25

Each book focuses on a different aspect of PartitionMagic, so you can quickly locate the

information you need. When you double-click a topic, the information displays in the right

window.

You can click the key tab to search for a topic using keywords.

Context-Sensitive Help

Click Help in the lower right corner of a dialog or press <F1> to display context-sensitive

help for the dialog. Clicking Hints in a wizard dialog displays helpful information about

the task the wizard is performing.

README File

The README.TXT file includes information that changed since this guide was written,

corrections to the manual or help system, and information specific to installation or

configuration issues.

Product Demonstrations

The Norton web site includes multimedia tutorials that visually step you through the most

common PartitionMagic tasks. To view the instructional videos, go to

http://service.symantec.com and click Instructions & Videos.

27

CHAPTER

3

Managing Partitions

This chapter includes the following information:

• Integrity Checks

• Browsing Partitions

• Resizing and Moving Partitions

• Creating Partitions

• Deleting Partitions

• Undeleting Partitions

• Changing Partition Labels

• Formatting Partitions

• Copying Partitions

• Checking Partitions for Errors

• Merging Partitions

• Splitting Partitions

• Getting Information About Partitions

• Scanning a Disk for Errors

• Defragmenting Drives

Chapter 3: Managing Partitions28

Integrity Checks

PartitionMagic checks disk integrity with a sophisticated system of analysis and validation

that operates behind the scenes every time you start the program or complete an operation.

An initial integrity check scans your disk and reports any partition problems that may

prevent PartitionMagic from operating properly. This integrity check acts as an early

warning system that informs you of your disk’s status and assures that the disk’s structure

is thoroughly analyzed and verified before you alter it.

If your physical disk passes the initial integrity check, you can select the disk’s partitions

and use PartitionMagic features; otherwise, an error message appears instead of the

partition list. This indicates a problem with your disk, not with PartitionMagic (because no

disk modification operations have been initiated). If PartitionMagic finds errors that it can

fix automatically, you will be prompted. It is safe to allow PartitionMagic to fix errors.

Correct the disk problem, and then restart PartitionMagic. For additional information, see

“Resolving Partition Table Errors” on page 114.

In addition to the integrity check at startup time, PartitionMagic performs two integrity

checks during any operation. The first check tests the integrity of the file system in the

partition before an operation begins (similar to CheckDisk or ScanDisk), and the second

check validates your disk’s data after an operation is completed. From start to finish,

PartitionMagic examines your disk and informs you immediately if it detects any

irregularities.

Browsing Partitions

You can browse the contents of any hidden or visible partition that is formatted with a file

system PartitionMagic supports. (See “Supported File Systems” on page 20.) Sometimes

it is helpful to see what is in a partition before you modify it. The Norton File Browser

also enables you to modify files and folders.

1 Select the partition you want to browse.

Norton PartitionMagic 29

2Click Partition ➤ Browse.

3Right-click to copy, move, rename, or delete files, and create, copy, move, or delete

folders as you wish.

4Click Close to exit the File Browser and return to PartitionMagic.

The PartitionMagic main screen will be refreshed to reflect any changes you made. This

operation may take a little while.

Resizing and Moving Partitions

You can change the size of a partition and/or move it to another location on a hard disk.

1 Select the partition you want to resize/move.

You cannot move Windows NT volume or stripe sets with parity created by Disk

Administrator.

2Click Partition ➤ Resize/Move.

Chapter 3: Managing Partitions30

The Resize/Move Partition dialog appears.

The current size of the partition is shown on a disk map at the top of the dialog. The

map also depicts the used and unused space within the partition and the unallocated

space surrounding the partition (if any exists). The minimum and maximum sizes to

which you can resize the partition appear below the map.

3Choose whether to resize or move the partition.

To do this: Do this:

Move 1 Place the pointer on the partition.

The pointer changes to .

2Drag the partition to the desired location.

There must be unallocated space adjacent to the partition to move

it. If there is none, and the partition contains unused space, make

the partition smaller and then move the partition.

You cannot move unknown partitions, partitions failing the

Check for Errors operation (see “Checking Partitions for Errors”

on page 50 for more information), or unallocated space.

Used space

(minimum

size)

Unallocated

space

outside

partition

Unused

space

inside

partition

Right

partition

handle

Left

partition

handle

Norton PartitionMagic 31

If you know your disk has no bad sectors, Skip bad sector checks in Preferences to

make resize and move operations faster.

PartitionMagic changes the Free Space Before, New Size, and Free Space After

values to show how the partition size is affected.

Move

(continued)

Your Windows NT 4.0 system (SP 6 or higher) partition cannot

start past 4 GB, or Windows NT will not be bootable.

IMPORTANT! Exercise caution when moving a bootable

partition. Operating systems can become

unbootable if moved beyond certain boundaries.

For more information, see “Creating Bootable

Partitions” on page 38.

Resize 1 Place the pointer on the left or right partition handle.

The pointer changes to .

2Drag the handle until the desired partition size is reached.

You can also resize the partition by typing new values in the Free

Space Before, New Size, and Free Space After boxes or by

clicking the arrows next to the boxes. The values you enter may

change slightly to values supported by the drive’s geometry. The

arrow buttons resize the partition by the minimum increment,

allowing you to make very fine adjustments. Changes are

reflected in the disk map.

To make a partition smaller, unused space must exist within the

partition. To enlarge a partition, there must be unallocated space

adjacent to it. For additional information about resizing

partitions, refer to “Notes about Resizing Partitions” below.

IMPORTANT! (Windows NT only) Resizing your NTFS system

partition over 7.8 GB may render your

workstation unbootable. If you resize an NTFS

system partition over this limit by accident, you

can recover your system by using the

PartitionMagic rescue disks to resize the NTFS

system partition below 7.8 GB.

To do this: Do this:

Chapter 3: Managing Partitions32

4(Optional) Click the Cluster Size drop-down list and select a new size or use the

recommend cluster size that is already selected.

This option is only available for FAT and FAT32 partitions. For more information,

see “Resizing Clusters” on page 66. You can resize NTFS clusters by clicking

Partition ➤ Advanced ➤ Resize Clusters.

5Click OK.

Notes about Resizing Partitions

When you resize a partition, data is consolidated, not compressed. To make a partition

smaller, unused space must exist within the partition. To enlarge a partition, there must be

adjacent unallocated space. If there is unallocated space on the disk, but it is not adjacent

to the partition you want to enlarge, adjust the location of the space by moving other

partitions. You can resize/move a partition to create space before it even if there is used

space shown at the beginning of the partition. For example, if you are shrinking a D:

partition so you can enlarge a C: partition, you can just drag the left handle of the D: drive

to create unallocated space next to the C: drive, then drag the right handle of the C: drive

to use that space.

IMPORTANT! Exercise caution when resizing partitions smaller, especially a partition

containing an operating system. Leave at least 50 MB more space in the

partition than the operating system requires. Swap files, drivers, and other

files may require the extra space. Additionally, operating systems can

become unbootable if moved beyond certain boundaries. For more

information, see “Creating Bootable Partitions” on page 38.

Resizing FAT and FAT32 partitions smaller may reduce the amount of wasted space on a

hard disk. When you resize a FAT or FAT32 partition, PartitionMagic automatically

resizes the clusters to their optimal size for the partition. For more information, see

“Resizing Clusters” on page 66.

You should be aware of the following limitations when resizing partitions:

• You cannot make a partition smaller unless it contains unused space. You can only

reduce a partition to the used size shown in the disk map plus a small buffer area.

During a Resize/Move operation, data is consolidated to the front of the partition as

needed, but no data compression takes place. Because of the way a FAT partition is

structured, you can often resize a partition a second time and make it even smaller or

larger than the first time you resized it.

• In certain instances, you cannot make a FAT partition larger when the partition

contains no unused space. If you have a full partition and plenty of unallocated space

Norton PartitionMagic 33

adjacent to it, yet are not able to enlarge your partition, you may have to delete some

files in the partition so that PartitionMagic has room to work. You may be able to

slightly enlarge the partition (1 MB or less) and then enlarge the partition a second

time to provide the necessary buffer area for PartitionMagic. To see how much space

is needed in a partition to resize past a cluster boundary, see the table in “Freeing Disk

Space Before Enlarging a FAT Partition” in Help under Getting Started > Partitioning

Basics.

• It is difficult to calculate in advance the minimum size to which an NTFS partition

may be resized. If PartitionMagic runs out of space when you are resizing or moving

an NTFS partition, PartitionMagic returns an error without completing the operation.

The integrity of the NTFS partition and data is never compromised.

• A FAT partition has a 2 GB (2047 MB) size limit; however, a FAT partition under

Windows NT (service pack 4 or higher) or Windows 2000/XP can be sized up to 4

GB and have a 64 KB cluster size.

• Under Windows 2000 and Windows XP, you can enlarge an NTFS partition (even the

system partition) without rebooting.

Scenario: Resizing a Logical Partition Larger

This scenario outlines the procedure for adding space to a logical partition. You can also

use the Resize Partitions wizard to perform the same operations.

Sample Configuration

One 1 GB hard disk containing:

• One active primary FAT32 partition (C:) running Windows 2000

• One extended partition enclosing one logical NTFS partition (D:)

Objective

Resize drive C: smaller and add the newly created free space to drive D:.

Chapter 3: Managing Partitions34

Procedure

1 Resize drive C: smaller by the amount you want to add to drive D:.

Resize C: so that the unallocated space is on the right.

2Enlarge drive D: to occupy the unallocated space just created.

The extended partition is automatically enlarged to accommodate drive D:.

3Apply the changes to your system.

Result

Drive D: has room for additional files.

Creating Partitions

The Create operation lets you create primary partitions, extended partitions, and logical

partitions.

If you have multiple hard disks and partitions, the process and available options may differ

slightly from the following steps. For examples of creating partitions on more complex

systems, see the scenarios that begin on page 40 of this user guide.

1 Select a block of unallocated space.

If no unallocated space exists, you must resize or delete an existing partition to create

unallocated space. For instructions on resizing and deleting partitions, see “Resizing

and Moving Partitions” on page 29 and “Deleting Partitions” on page 44.

On a single hard disk, you can have up to four primary partitions or three primary

partitions and one extended partition. Within an extended partition, you can create

unlimited additional subdivisions called logical partitions.

2Click Partition ➤ Create.

Norton PartitionMagic 35

The Create Partition dialog appears.

3From the Create as drop-down list, select Logical Partition or Primary Partition.

As a general rule, you should create primary partitions to install operating systems

and logical partitions for all other purposes (such as storing data and applications).

However, you can install Windows NT, Windows 2000, or Windows XP to a logical

partition as long as their boot files are in a primary partition. See “Creating Bootable

Partitions” on page 38.

If you have multiple hard disks, you can improve speed by installing operating

systems and applications on separate disks. If you do not know what type of partition

you want to create, see “Understanding Partitions” in Help.

You should create a primary partition if you plan to install an operating system. Refer

to “Creating Bootable Partitions” on page 38 and “Installing a New Operating

System” on page 39 for additional information.

If you select Logical Partition, PartitionMagic automatically creates an extended

partition to enclose the logical partition, or, if you already have an extended partition,

resizes the extended partition larger to encompass the logical partition. (The free

space must be inside of or adjacent to the extended partition.)

If Logical Partition is unavailable, you may already have four primary partitions on

the hard disk. Or, if you have an extended partition, you may not have selected a

block of free space inside of or adjacent to the extended partition.

Chapter 3: Managing Partitions36

If you create a second, third, or fourth primary partition on a physical disk,

PartitionMagic will create the new primary partition as unhidden. However,

PartitionMagic will automatically hide the other primary partitions on that disk when

performing a Set Active operation.

4From the Partition Type drop-down list, select the desired file system type or accept

the default.

FAT is the most universal file system type. It is used by DOS and all versions of

Windows.

FAT32 is used by Windows 95 OEM Service Release 2, Windows 98, Windows Me,

Windows 2000, Windows XP.

NTFS is used by Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP. If you create an NTFS

partition under Windows 9x, it will be created with NTFS version 3.0, which is not

compatible with Windows NT 4.0. To create an NTFS version 1.2 partition that will

work with Windows NT 4.0, run PartitionMagic under Windows NT 4.0 and create

the partition.

Linux Ext2, Linux Ext3, and Linux Swap are used by Linux.

Extended creates an extended partition which can contain any number of logical

partitions. Extended is not an option if the hard disk already contains an extended

partition or four primary partitions.

Unformatted creates an unformatted partition on your hard drive.

5(Optional) Enter a label for the new partition.

Labels can be up to 32 alphanumeric characters for NTFS partitions, 16 alphanumeric

characters for Linux, and 11 alphanumeric characters for other file system types.

6In the Size box, enter the desired size for the partition. Or, in the percent of

unallocated space box, enter the desired percent of unallocated space for the

partition.

PartitionMagic automatically calculates a recommended size (based on the most

efficient use of disk space), which you can accept or change.

If you are creating a Windows NT 4.0 (SP 4or higher) system partition, it cannot be

larger than 7.8 GB, and it must be fully contained within the first 7.8 GB of the hard

disk.

Norton PartitionMagic 37

7If the size you specified for the new partition is smaller than the available unallocated

space, you can position the partition at the beginning (recommended) or end of the

unallocated space. In the Position box, click Beginning of free space or End of free

space.

8In the Cluster size drop-down list, choose a cluster size for the partition or accept the

default cluster size.

9In the Drive Letter box, note the drive letter that will be assigned to the new partition

after you reboot, or (for NT-based operating systems) select the drive letter you want.

10 Click OK.

If you created a new primary partition and plan to install an operating system on it,

refer to “Installing a New Operating System” on page 39 for additional information.

WARNING! Because of conflicts that can result from different hardware and system

configurations, do not create an applications or operating system partition

on one computer and then move that hard disk to another computer. Data

loss may occur.

Managing Drive Letter Changes

Creating a new partition may cause your drive letters to change. For example, if you have

one primary partition (C:) on your hard drive and a CD-ROM drive (D:), and you create a

new logical partition on your hard drive, the new partition becomes D: and the CD-ROM

drive changes to E: after you reboot your computer. As a result, any programs on your

hard drive that were linked to the CD-ROM no longer function because the paths to files

have changed.

Norton recommends that you allow DriveMapper to automatically update the drive letter

references in application shortcuts, initialization files, and registry entries when prompted

to do so. However, you can update drive letter references manually. See “Changing Drive

Letter References with DriveMapper” on page 84.

While you can use DriveMapper to update references to files, for least impact, consider

creating all new partitions on the highest disk (for example, disk 3 in a three-disk system)

and to the right of existing partitions.

Chapter 3: Managing Partitions38

Creating Bootable Partitions

Before creating a partition where you plan to install an operating system (a bootable

partition), you should understand the following information.

* Windows NT/2000/XP must boot from a primary partition on the first drive. However, only a few files

must reside on that partition; the remaining files can reside on a logical partition, which can be located

on the first or a subsequent drive. The Windows NT/2000/XP boot partition can be shared with another

operating system.

** Having an LBA-compatible (Logical Block Addressing) MBR (Master Boot Record) will make the boot

code boundary null with Windows 98SE/Me/2000/XP.

*** Windows XP automatically promotes NTFS partitions to version 3.1.

† If you install LILO to a logical partition, it must be the first logical partition in the extended partition.

‡ Linux also supports the partition types FAT, FAT32, and NTFS (read-only) if Linux is installed to a Linux

Ext2/Ext3 partition.

Operating System Boots from

Supported

Partition Types

Boot Code

Boundary

Space

Required

DOS 6.22 and

earlier

Primary FAT 2 GB 8 MB

Windows 95a Primary FAT 2 GB 90 MB

Windows 95b Primary FAT or FAT32 8 GB 90 MB

Windows 98 Primary FAT or FAT32 8 GB 175 MB

Windows 98SE Primary FAT or FAT32 8 GB** 190 MB

Windows Me Primary FAT or FAT32 8 GB** 300 MB

Windows NT Primary* FAT or NTFS 1.2 2 GB 120 MB

Windows 2000 Primary* FAT, FAT32, or

NTFS 3.0

8 GB** 650 MB

Windows XP Primary* FAT, FAT32, or

NTFS 3.1***

8 GB** >1 GB

Linux (LILO†) Either Linux Ext2, Linux

Ext3‡ and Linux

Swap

8 GB >250 MB

Norton PartitionMagic 39

IMPORTANT! When you create, move, or resize a bootable partition, the partition must

begin below the boot code boundary specified in the above table for the

operating system to boot. With the exception of DOS 6.22 (or earlier),

partitions beyond 8 GB are visible to the current operating system. For

more information, see “Understanding the BIOS 1,024 Cylinder (8 GB)

Limit” and “Understanding the 2 GB Boot Code Boundary” in Help. The

disk map in the PartitionMagic main window displays indicators for the 2

GB boot boundary and the 1024 cylinder limit.

PartitionMagic displays a warning if you attempt to create, move, or resize a bootable

partition outside of the 2 GB boot code boundary. If you continue with the operation,

under some operating systems you may not be able to boot or see the partition. In either

case, you can resolve the problem by moving the partition back within the boot code

boundary with the PartitionMagic rescue disks.

If your system includes SCSI disks and you create a partition before a bootable Linux

partition, Linux may no longer be bootable. In this situation, you may need to create Linux

rescue disks, boot from the rescue disks, and repair the Linux boot information on the

Linux partition.

Some I/O cards (typically older RAID cards) only provide access to the first 8 GB of a

disk under DOS. Consequently, if you resize the operating system partition beyond 8 GB

and it becomes unbootable, the PartitionMagic rescue disks may not allow you to

manipulate partitions on that drive. You should be cautious about resizing any operating

system partition beyond 8 GB.

Installing a New Operating System

If you install multiple operating systems, you must follow the steps below for each of

them.

1 Disable BootMagic if you have it installed. See “Disabling BootMagic” on page 99.

2Create PartitionMagic rescue disks.

See “Creating Rescue Disks” on page 5.

3Make a new partition and set it active (if you are installing Linux to a primary

partition [Linux Ext2/Ext3], then it is necessary to set the partition active; however, it

is not necessary to set the partition active if you are installing Linux to the first logical

partition on the hard disk.)

See “Setting an Active Partition” on page 65.

Chapter 3: Managing Partitions40

Most operating systems must be installed on primary partitions. See “Creating

Bootable Partitions” on page 38 for exceptions.

If you are not certain that the partition where you want to install the operating system

will support an operating system, you should create a new operating system partition

using the wizard. See “Install Another Operating System Wizard” on page 81.

4Close all programs and reboot the computer using an operating system installation

diskette.

5Install the operating system.

Norton technical support does not help install operating systems. See your operating

system documentation for details.

6If you have already installed BootMagic, use the PartitionMagic rescue disks to set

the partition active where BootMagic is installed.

If you have not installed BootMagic, use the PartitionMagic rescue disks to set the

operating system partition active for where you want BootMagic installed. Then

install BootMagic.

7(If applicable) With BootMagic installed, add the operating system to your

BootMagic configuration so that you can select the operating system you want to

boot.

For more information about BootMagic, see “BootMagic” on page 89.

8Reboot the computer.

Scenario 1: Creating a Primary Partition for Windows NT

Sample System Configuration

One 4 GB hard disk with one active primary FAT32 partition (C:) running Windows 98.

Objective

Resize drive C: smaller. In the unallocated space created, create a primary FAT partition

where Windows NT can be installed.

Norton PartitionMagic 41

Procedure

1 Resize drive C: smaller by 1.5 GB. For more information, see “Resizing and Moving

Partitions” on page 29.

The partition where you want to install Windows NT must begin in the first 2 GB of

the disk, or Windows NT will not be bootable. You may need to move your existing

partition to the end of the disk, then create the Windows NT partition at the beginning

of the disk.

2Create a primary partition in the unallocated space using the following information:

Partition Type: Select FAT. Do not select FAT32 unless you are using Windows

2000 or later. Earlier versions do not recognize FAT32 partitions.

Label: Type one, if desired.

Size: Type 1500.

IMPORTANT! Before performing the next step, make sure you have the Windows

NT installation CD and disks; otherwise, you will not be able to boot

your computer.

3Set the new partition active. For more information, see “Setting an Active Partition”

on page 65.

4Apply the changes to your system.

IMPORTANT! Before installing Windows NT, make sure that all partitions start

before the 4 GB mark and end prior to cylinder 1024 (8 GB).

Otherwise, Windows NT will not install and will report that all the

partitions are corrupted. If you cannot resize and move all partitions,

you must obtain updated drivers from Microsoft (see article ID:

Q197667 on the Microsoft web site).

5Reboot the computer using the first Windows NT installation diskette.

6Complete the Windows NT installation.

Norton technical support does not help install operating systems. See your operating

system documentation for details.

7Add Windows NT to your BootMagic configuration so that each time you start or

restart your computer, you can select the operating system you want to boot. For more

information, see “BootMagic” on page 89.

Chapter 3: Managing Partitions42

Result

When the computer restarts, BootMagic presents a list of the available operating systems,

in this case, Windows 98 and Windows NT. Select the operating system you want to boot.

Scenario 2: Creating a Logical Partition on a Secondary Hard Disk

Sample System Configuration

Disk 1 — One 4 GB disk containing:

• One active primary FAT32 partition (C:) running Windows 98.

• One extended partition enclosing one logical FAT partition (E:).

Disk 2 — One 4 GB hard disk containing:

• One FAT32 primary partition (D:).

• Unallocated space.

One CD-ROM drive (F:).

Objective

Create a logical FAT partition on Disk 2.

Procedure

1 Select Disk 2.

2Create a logical partition in the unallocated space using the following information:

Partition Type: Select FAT.

Label: Type one, if desired.

Size: Accept the precalculated size.

Norton PartitionMagic 43

Create As: Choose Logical.

The partition will be assigned drive F: after reboot. Additionally, an extended partition

will automatically be created to enclose the logical partition.

3Apply the changes to your system.

Result

After the computer reboots, the new logical partition is drive F: and the CD-ROM is drive

G:.

Scenario 3: Creating Linux Logical Partitions

Sample System Configuration

One 20GB hard disk containing:

• One active primary FAT32 partition (C:) running Windows 98.

• One extended partition enclosing one logical FAT partition (D:) and one logical

FAT32 partition (E:).

Objective

Resize drive E: smaller. In the unallocated space created, create one logical Linux Ext2

partition and one logical Linux Swap partition.

Procedure

1 Resize drive E: smaller. For more information, see “Resizing and Moving Partitions”

on page 29.

2Create a logical partition in the unallocated space using the following information:

Partition Type: Select Linux Ext2.

Label: Type one, if desired.

Size: Type 2500.

Chapter 3: Managing Partitions44

3Create a second logical partition in the unallocated space using the following

information:

Partition Type: Select Linux Swap.

Size: Type 256. (The swap partition is typically twice the amount of RAM.)

4Apply the changes to your system.

5Reboot the computer using your Linux installation diskette.

6Complete the Linux installation.

You do not need to change the active partition to install Linux.

Norton technical support does not help install operating systems. See your operating

system documentation for details.

WARNING! If you are using a boot utility like BootMagic, LILO (Linux Loader)

must be installed to the Linux Ext2 partition containing the root

directory and not installed to the master boot record. If you install LILO

to the master boot record, other operating systems may become

unbootable.

7(Optional) Add Linux to your BootMagic configuration so that each time you start or

restart your computer, you can select the operating system you want to boot. For more

information about BootMagic, see “BootMagic” on page 89.

Result

When the computer restarts, BootMagic presents a list of the available operating systems,

in this case, Windows 98 and Linux. Select the operating system you want to boot.

Deleting Partitions

The Delete operation deletes a partition, making its data inaccessible. The Delete and

Secure Erase operation destroys the data in a selected partition by overwriting the data. If

you use secure erase to destroy a partition, it cannot be undeleted. (The Secure Erase

feature does not meet Department of Defense or NSA requirements.)

1 Select the partition you want to delete.

To delete an extended partition, you must first delete all logical partitions within the

extended partition. You cannot securely erase unallocated space.

Norton PartitionMagic 45

Do not delete a partition where BootMagic is installed unless you uninstall

BootMagic first.

2Click Partition ➤ Delete.

The Delete Partition dialog appears.

3Click Delete or Delete and Secure Erase.

4Click OK.

Deleting a partition can make your drive letters change, causing applications not to run

because application shortcuts, initialization files, and registry entries refer to incorrect

drives.

If your system includes SCSI disks and you delete a partition before a bootable Linux

partition, Linux may no longer be bootable. In this situation, you may need to create Linux

rescue disks, boot from the rescue disks, and repair the Linux boot information on the

Linux partition.

Undeleting Partitions

The Undelete operation restores partitions that have been deleted on disk. You can

undelete FAT, FAT32, NTFS, and Linux partitions. Undelete works best when you use it

to restore a partition that you just deleted by accident. If you are undeleting partitions after

you have made other changes (written data to them, resized existing partitions, etc.), see

“Restrictions on Undeleting Partitions” on page 46.

1 Select the unallocated space to be searched.

2Click Partition ➤ Undelete.

IMPORTANT! You can undelete a partition only if no other operations are pending on

the unallocated space selected. If any operations are pending, the

Undelete icon and menu option will be dimmed (inaccessible).

Chapter 3: Managing Partitions46

The Undelete dialog appears, and the selected unallocated space is searched.

All primary and logical partitions that can be undeleted are displayed in the scrollable

list. If no partitions are found within the unallocated space or none can be undeleted, a

message appears indicating no partitions can be undeleted.

3Within the scrollable list, click the checkbox of the partition you wish to undelete.

While it is possible to undelete more than one partition at once, Norton recommends

that you undelete partitions one at a time, beginning with the one that you want most.

Doing so helps ensure the integrity of the data within the partition.

4Click OK.

Restrictions on Undeleting Partitions

There are some situations in which a partition that has been deleted cannot be undeleted

and will not be displayed in the scrollable list. They include the following:

• You cannot undelete a primary partition if your hard disk contains four primary

partitions.

• You cannot undelete a logical partition that was deleted and now is not within the

extended partition.

• You cannot undelete a primary partition that was deleted and now is within the

extended partition.

• The partition includes file system errors. If PartitionMagic finds a partition, it checks

for errors before undeleting it. If the partition has errors, it cannot be undeleted.

• You cannot undelete a partition that has been completely or partially overwritten by

another partition or file system. Because of this limitation, if you see two partitions in

the Undelete dialog and undelete one of them, the other may no longer appear in the

list.

Norton PartitionMagic 47

• If two deleted partitions claim some of the same disk space, Norton cannot guarantee

the integrity of the data in those partitions when they are undeleted. For example,

suppose you had two partitions, a 500 MB E: and a 500 MB F: and you deleted F: and

resized E: to claim all the space (1 GB). Then you saved data to E:. Later, you deleted

E:. Now you want to undelete partitions, and you can see both E: and F: in the

Undelete dialog. If you restore E:, it is fine and F: is no longer displayed in the dialog

(because its space has been claimed). However, if you restore F: instead of E:, you

may get some of the data that you had saved to E:. Undeleting F: could make your

computer unbootable or cause applications not to run.

Changing Partition Labels

The Label operation lets you change a partition’s label. Meaningful names make partition

management easier.

1 Select the partition with the label you want to change.

2Click Partition ➤ Label.

The Label Partition dialog appears.

3In the New Label box, type the new label.

NTFS volume labels can contain up to 32 alphanumeric characters. Linux Ext2 or

Ext3 labels can be up to 16 characters. FAT/FAT32 volume labels can contain up to

11 alphanumeric characters and cannot contain the following characters: * ? [ ] < > | +

= : ; , . \ / ”.

4Click OK.

Chapter 3: Managing Partitions48

Formatting Partitions

The Format operation formats a partition, destroying all its data in the process. Formatting

enables you to put a different file system on a partition.

PartitionMagic has several conversion options that let you convert from one file system to

another without destroying existing files in a partition. See “Converting Partitions” on

page 69.

1 Select the partition you want to format.

2Click Partition ➤ Format.

The Format Partition dialog appears.

3From the Partition Type drop-down list, select the desired file system type.

If the partition is too small or too large, some partition types may not be available.

4(Optional) Type a label for the partition.

5Click OK.

Copying Partitions

The Copy operation lets you to make an exact duplicate of a partition. To copy a partition,

you must have unallocated space that is equal to or larger than the partition you are

copying.

Reasons why you might want to copy a partition include:

• To duplicate your operating system before upgrading to a new version or a different

operating system (so that you can remember how the old operating system’s

windows, program icons, and properties were set up or so you can recover the original

partition if the upgrade fails or is unsatisfactory).

Norton PartitionMagic 49

• To quickly move a smaller hard disk’s contents to a larger, new hard disk.

• To change the relative order of partitions.

• To back up a partition.

1 Select the partition you want to copy.

The Copy command is dimmed if there is not enough unallocated space on your disks

for the partition.

You cannot use PartitionMagic to copy Windows NT stripe sets, stripe sets with

parity, or duplex/mirrored sets.

2Click Partition ➤ Copy.

The Copy Partition dialog appears.

3From the Disk drop-down list, select the disk where you want to copy the partition.

4In the partition list, select the unallocated space where you want to copy the partition.

5If the partition you specified is smaller than the available unallocated space, you can

position the partition at the beginning (recommended) or end of the unallocated

space. Under Position, click Beginning of free space or End of free space.

If you are copying a logical partition and want to ensure that it remains logical, make

sure unallocated space is available within the extended partition. Or, after copying the

partition, you can convert it to a logical partition.

6Click OK.

Chapter 3: Managing Partitions50

The copy is the same size (or slightly different if copied to a disk with a different

geometry) and file system type and contains the same data as the original.

You can also select a partition on the disk map and drag it to unallocated space, then

choose Copy Here or Move Here from the drag-and-drop menu.

Checking Partitions for Errors

The Check for Errors operation checks the integrity of a partition.

Each time PartitionMagic is started, it performs a check on all attached drives and their

partitions. If the check finds a problem, “Check failed” appears in the partition list

window under the Type column. This check is separate from the Check for Errors

operation and is not as exhaustive.

1 Select the partition you want to check.

PartitionMagic can only check partitions that it can lock (that is, partitions that do not

have open files on them). If there are open files on a partition, you should use the

operating system’s check utility (ScanDisk or CHKDSK) instead of the Check for

Errors operation or run PartitionMagic from the rescue disks.

2Click Partition ➤ Check for Errors.

The Check Partition Results dialog appears.

If Check for Errors does not discover any errors, an Info entry appears with “Check

Complete” in the Description column.

Norton PartitionMagic 51

If a Check for Errors operation fails, “Check Failed” appears in the Used and Unused

columns in the partition list. You should fix any errors encountered. For more

information, see “Resolving Check Errors” on page 113.

If Check for Errors finds an error, such as cross-linked files, lost clusters, or bad

directory information on an NTFS volume and can fix it, a Fix button appears at the

bottom of the dialog. For each error found, PartitionMagic displays the following:

•Severity describes the seriousness of the problem, which can be one of the

following:

•Fixed displays Yes for each problem you fix on an NTFS volume. Not applicable

for FAT or FAT32 partitions.

•Number shows a number corresponding to the error. For more information, see

“Error Messages and Solutions” on page 117.

•Description gives a brief description of the problem.

3To fix an error, highlight the problem and click Fix.

4If you want to skip one listed error, click Skip.

If you want to skip all listed errors, click Skip All.

5When you are finished viewing the check results and fixing NTFS errors, click Close.

Check for Errors does not display information about the status and structure of a partition

as do the DOS and Windows CHKDSK utilities. To view that information, use the Info

option. For details, see “Getting Information About Partitions” on page 56.

Severity Description

Info The information given is helpful but not critical. Does not

correspond to any error.

Warning The error may or may not cause problems.

Error A problem was encountered, but PartitionMagic may still be

able to make changes to the partition. Run ScanDisk or

CHKDSK to fix the error, or click Fix, if available.

Critical A catastrophic problem. PartitionMagic cannot make any

changes to the partition.

Chapter 3: Managing Partitions52

Merging Partitions

You can merge two FAT, FAT32, or NTFS partitions that are adjacent to each other on a

disk. You can merge FAT and FAT32 partitions with each other, and you can merge an

NTFS partition with another NTFS partition. You cannot merge a FAT/FAT32 partition

with an NTFS partition.

It is useful to merge partitions if you have reached the maximum number of partitions on

your disk, but you do not want to delete a partition. It is also useful if you want to combine

FAT partitions and convert them to one large FAT32 partition or an NTFS partition.

If you have an empty partition and one that contains data, you should delete the empty

partition and resize the other one larger instead of merging the two partitions.

IMPORTANT! Merging partitions may take a long time (possibly hours), depending on

the partition sizes and amount of data they contain. If you wish to check

whether your machine is still operating, you can press the NumLock key

and see if the light toggles. It may take a few seconds to register activation

of the NumLock key on your keyboard. If you plan to merge partitions,

you may wish to schedule it for a time when you will not need to use your

system for an extended period of time. If you shut down or turn off your

computer while PartitionMagic is still working, it will cause

corruption to the file system, which will result in data loss. Do not shut

down the system until after the process is complete.

1 Run a file check (such as CheckDisk or ScanDisk) on the partitions you intend the

merge to ensure they do not contain file system errors or bad sectors.

2Select one of the two partitions you want to merge with another partition.

IMPORTANT! Do not merge partitions that contain operating systems or compressed

partitions. See “Disk Compression Utilities” on page 105.

If you plan to merge two adjacent NTFS partitions, they must be the same version

type and have the same cluster size. To view the version type and cluster size of an

NTFS partition, right-click the partition in the disk map, select Properties, then click

the NTFS Info tab.

If the cluster sizes are different, you will not be able to merge the partitions. See

“Converting FAT/FAT32 Partitions to 4K Aligned” on page 73.

If the NTFS versions are different, you will not be able to merge the partitions. See

“Merging Partitions with Different NTFS Version Numbers” on page 113.

3Click Partition ➤ Merge.

Norton PartitionMagic 53

The Merge Adjacent Partitions dialog appears.

4In the Merge options group box, click the partitions you would like to merge.

The contents of one partition will be moved into a folder within the other partition.

Do not merge partitions that contain operating systems.

5In the Merge Folder group box, type a name for the new folder that will be created in

the partition you are keeping.

6Click a file system type (FAT, FAT32, or NTFS) for the partition you are keeping.

The NTFS option will automatically be selected if you are merging two NTFS

partitions.

IMPORTANT! If you are combining FAT partitions, be careful not to convert them to

FAT32 unless your operating system supports FAT32 partitions.

DOS, Windows 3.x, early releases of Windows 95, and Windows NT

4.0 cannot access FAT32 partitions.

7Click OK.

The disk map in the main window changes to show the merged partitions.

Chapter 3: Managing Partitions54

Splitting Partitions

Use Split to divide a FAT or FAT32 partition into two contiguous partitions. It may be

useful to split a partition if you have a large set of data or a mixture of data and

applications within one partition.

The new partition is created to the right of the original partition; the original and new

partitions together occupy the same amount of hard disk space as the original partition.

The file system for the partition does not change. For example, if you had a 2 GB FAT

partition and you split it, the left and right partitions together would use 2 GB and both

would be FAT partitions.

When you split a partition, you can select the files and folders that you want the new

partition to include. You can also label the new partition, specify whether it is primary or

logical, and specify the new size of the partition.

1 Select the partition you want to split.

You can split a partition if it is 100 MB or larger.

A FAT partition must have at least 5% unused space, or the Split command will be

dimmed on the menu. A FAT32 partition requires 10% unused space to split.

Norton does not recommend splitting your operating system partition or moving your

Windows folders or program files into the new partition.

2Click Partition ➤ Split.

Norton PartitionMagic 55

If Split is dimmed (unavailable) on the menu, it is most likely because you are trying

to split a primary partition when you have already reached the maximum four primary

partitions (such as three primary partitions and one extended partition) allowed on a

hard disk. You can, however, split a logical partition within an extended partition.

3Click the Data tab.

4From the Original Partition group box, select the files and folders you want to move

to the new partition, then click the single right arrow.

Click the left arrow to remove selected files and folders from the new partition. To

move all files and folders to the new partition, click the double right arrow. You can

also click the left arrow to move selected files and folders back to the original

partition if you change your mind. You must, however, have at least one file or folder

remaining in each partition.

IMPORTANT! The Split operation is designed to move data files, not system files.

You should not move folders from the operating system partition

(usually C:) to the new partition unless they ONLY include data files.

If you copy a folder that is used by the operating system (such as

C:\Documents and Settings\username\My Documents), you may be

prompted to reboot your computer an extra time for Windows to apply

Chapter 3: Managing Partitions56

the changes or Windows may not allow you to split the partition. If

Windows allows you to move a standard folder, you will need to

redirect files to the new partition from within the applications that

used the original partition.

5(Optional) Type a name for the new partition in the Label text box.

6Select a partition type for the new partition from the Pri/Log drop-down list.

You cannot use the Split operation to convert the original partition from primary to

logical or vice versa.

7Click the Size tab.

8Size the new partition by moving the bar on the far right in the disk map or by typing

the number of MB in the Size text box.

The original partition will be adjusted to use the remaining space.

Both the original and new partitions must be at least 40 MB. On hard disks larger than

4 GB, PartitionMagic will round the size of the partition up to at least 47 MB.

9Click OK.

The size of the new partition is based on the minimum possible size and the total byte size

of the files you are adding to the new partition. Any remaining free space is split

proportionally between the two partitions according the data in the partitions. For

example, if the two partitions used 2 GB and you included 700 MB of data in the original

(left) partition and 300 MB of data on the new (right) partition, you would have 1 GB of

free space available; the original partition would get 700 MB of unused space, and the new

partition would get 300 MB of unused space.

Getting Information About Partitions

The Properties operation displays information about the status and structure of a selected

partition.

1 Select the partition you want information about.

2Click Partition ➤ Properties.

Norton PartitionMagic 57

The Partition Properties dialog appears.

Information is displayed in tabbed pages. To view a page, click its associated tab,

which is always visible at the top of the pages. Based on the file system the partition

uses, different pages appear.

3Click the tab for the page you wish to view.

Each page is described in the following sections.

4Click Close when you are finished viewing information.

Usage

The Usage page is available for the FAT, FAT32, NTFS, Ext2, and Ext3 file systems. This

page displays the following information in bytes, megabytes, and as a percentage:

•Used space on the partition, including space wasted by clusters

•Unused space on the partition

•Bad space on the partition

•Total space on the partition (the sum of used, unused, and bad space)

Cluster Waste

The Cluster Waste page applies only to partitions using the FAT or FAT32 file systems.

Chapter 3: Managing Partitions58

•Current Cluster Size in bytes or kilobytes

•Data stored on the partition in bytes and megabytes

•Wasted space on the partition in bytes and megabytes

•Total used space in bytes and megabytes (the sum of Data and Wasted space)

Partition Info

The Partition Info page is available for all types of partitions, including unallocated space

and extended partitions. Information on this page includes the following:

•Partition type is shown in hexadecimal followed by a text description of the partition

or file system type (such as FAT, FAT32, or NTFS). The hexadecimal designation is

the conventional way to display partition types.

•Serial Number is shown if the partition’s file system uses serial numbers.

The lower portion of the page shows physical information about the partition:

•First physical sector shows the logical number and the location (cylinder, head, and

sector) where the partition begins.

•Last physical sector shows the logical number and the location (cylinder, head, and

sector) where the partition ends.

•Total physical sectors displays the number of sectors in the partition.

•Physical Geometry shows the total number of cylinders, heads, and sectors on the

physical disk where the partition resides.

File System-Specific Info Pages

The last page in the Partition Information dialog corresponds to the file system used on

the selected partition. For example, if the file system is FAT or FAT32, the page is FAT

Info; if the file system is NTFS, the page is NTFS Info, and so forth.

Scanning a Disk for Errors

MS ScanDisk is a utility included with Windows 9x and Windows Me that you can run

from PartitionMagic. ScanDisk scans a partition for errors and fixes them. The Check for

Errors operation also scans for errors, but it does not correct them (for FAT or FAT32

partitions).

If you are running a Windows NT-based system, you can run Windows CHKDSK from

PartitionMagic. The interface for CHKDSK is different from ScanDisk. See your

Windows documentation for more information about CHKDSK.

Norton PartitionMagic 59

1 Select the disk you want to scan for errors.

ScanDisk only scans partitions with assigned drive letters; it does not scan hidden

partitions, extended partitions, unallocated space, or partitions with file systems not

supported by the active operating system.

2Click Partition ➤ MS ScanDisk (or Windows CheckDisk) on the menu bar.

The ScanDisk dialog appears.

3In the Type of test box, click Standard or Thorough.

Thorough scans the partition for bad sectors.

4(Optional) Click Automatically fix errors.

5Click Start.

Chapter 3: Managing Partitions60

When ScanDisk is finished, the ScanDisk Results dialog displays information about

errors on the partition (if any were found) and other disk statistics, such as total disk

space, number of bytes in bad sectors, and total allocation units.

For more information about MS ScanDisk, consult Windows Help.

Defragmenting Drives

Disk Defragmenter is a Windows utility you can access from within PartitionMagic to

analyze and defragment drives on your hard disk.

1 From the PartitionMagic main screen, click Partition ➤ Windows Defragmenter.

2Select a partition, then click Action ➤ Analyze or Defragment.

For more information about Disk Defragmenter, consult Windows Help.

61

CHAPTER

4

Completing Advanced Disk

Operations

This chapter includes the following information:

• Changing a Drive Letter

• Retesting Bad Sectors

• Hiding and Unhiding Partitions

• Resizing the Root Directory

• Setting an Active Partition

• Resizing Clusters

Chapter 4: Completing Advanced Disk Operations62

Changing a Drive Letter

The Change Drive Letter operation lets you change the drive letter assigned to any

partition visible to and supported by Windows NT/2000/XP. If you are running Windows

9x or Windows Me, this operation is not available.

1 Select the partition whose drive letter you want to change.

You cannot use this operation to change the drive letter for your CD drive.

IMPORTANT! You should not change the drive letter originally assigned to the

Windows NT/2000/XP boot partition (the partition where Windows is

installed). Changing the drive letter to anything but its original

designation will cause severe boot problems and may cause your

computer to be unbootable.

2Click Partition ➤ Advanced ➤ Change Drive Letter.

The Change Drive Letter dialog appears.

3In the New drive letter box, type or select the drive letter you want to assign to the

partition.

4Click OK.

Retesting Bad Sectors

The Bad Sector Retest operation lets you check sectors on FAT or FAT32 partitions that

have been marked bad and recover sectors that are usable.

The FAT and FAT32 file systems allocate disk space for file storage in units called

clusters, which are composed of a fixed number of sectors. Because the FAT or FAT32

file system tracks bad sectors at the cluster level, it marks an entire cluster bad even

Norton PartitionMagic 63

though the problem may exist in a single sector. Use Properties to discover whether a

partition contains bad clusters. For more information, see “Getting Information About

Partitions” on page 56.

As a conservative measure, when you move or resize a partition or increase cluster size,

PartitionMagic marks all new clusters containing any part of old bad clusters as bad (even

though the clusters may not actually contain bad sectors). Likewise, when you decrease a

partition’s cluster size, PartitionMagic divides bad clusters into multiple bad clusters. If,

after you complete these tasks, PartitionMagic reports bad sectors, you can perform a bad

sector retest and reclaim the good sectors that were marked bad.

1 Select the partition you want to retest.

2Click Partition ➤ Advanced ➤ Bad Sector Retest.

The Bad Sector Retest dialog appears to explain that PartitionMagic will retest

sectors that are marked bad and reclaim them if they do not include bad sectors.

3To continue with the test, click OK.

Some sectors marked as bad are “marginally bad,” meaning that one time the sector

works fine and another time it does not. Bad Sector Retest may mark a marginally bad

sector as good. This can result in data loss if the marginally bad sector fails in the

future. Most modern hard drives detect bad sectors and automatically remap the

sector, so in general, you do not see bad sectors on modern hard drives. If you do get

bad sector errors on a modern hard drive, it is recommended that you replace the

drive.

Hiding and Unhiding Partitions

The Hide Partition operation lets you secure partitions against unwanted user access. You

can perform this operation on FAT, FAT32, and NTFS partitions.

When you hide a partition, it will not be assigned a drive letter the next time you boot

your computer.

1 Select the partition you wish to hide.

2Click Partition ➤ Advanced ➤ Hide Partition (or Unhide Partition).

Unless you are running Windows NT/2000/XP, unhiding multiple primary partitions

may cause your machine to be unbootable.

The Hide Partition dialog appears, warning you that drive letters may change.

Chapter 4: Completing Advanced Disk Operations64

3To confirm that you want to hide the partition, click OK.

Under Windows 9x and Windows Me, hiding and unhiding partitions can cause the drive

letters of other partitions to change. When this happens, your computer may not boot and

applications may not run. Norton recommends that you allow DriveMapper to run

automatically to update drive letter references that change as a result of hiding or

unhiding partitions.

If your hard disk has more than one primary partition, only one is visible by default.

When you use the Set Active operation, PartitionMagic unhides the selected primary

partition and hides other primary partitions. While you can unhide more than one primary

partition, we recommend that you do not.

If you are running Windows NT/2000/XP, partitions are not hidden automatically;

therefore, you can have multiple visible primary partitions.

Resizing the Root Directory

The Resize Root operation lets you change the maximum number of entries that can be

placed in the root directory of a FAT partition. The number of root entries is set at the

time the partition is formatted; the limit does not expand automatically as it does in a

subdirectory or in a FAT32 partition. Consider increasing this number if you use

Microsoft long filenames in the root directory. During this operation, data within the

partition is unaffected.

1 Select the partition whose root directory you want to resize.

2Click Partition ➤ Advanced ➤ Resize Root.

The Resize Root dialog appears, displaying the number of used entries and the

current capacity.

Norton PartitionMagic 65

3In the New capacity box, type or select the number of entries you want the root

directory to have.

The number you type will be rounded to one that preserves the current cluster

alignment.

4Click OK.

Occasionally, enlarging the root directory displaces the first few files on the partition

(such as IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS if the partition contains an operating system). If the

root directory is on a boot partition and the partition fails to boot after resizing the root

directory, you should run the SYS command to move the displaced files back to the front

of the disk.

Setting an Active Partition

The Set Active operation lets you make a partition the active partition (the partition the

computer boots from). Norton provides multiple ways to set a partition active:

PartitionMagic (Windows version or rescue disk version), BootMagic, PQBoot, and

PQBoot for Windows. This section explains changing the active partition from within

PartitionMagic.

Only one partition on a hard disk can be active at a time. To boot your computer from a

partition, the partition must be on the first disk, and it must contain an operating system.

When your computer boots, it reads the partition table of the first disk to find out which

partition is active and boots from that partition.

IMPORTANT! Before you make a partition active, it should be bootable. If the partition is

not bootable or if you are not certain if it is (such as before you install an

operating system), have a boot diskette or bootable CD ready.

If you plan to install an operating system to a partition, the partition must be active.

PartitionMagic hides any other FAT, FAT32, and NTFS primary partitions (unlike

Windows 9x and DOS FDISK programs which cannot hide or unhide partitions). Hiding

the other primary partitions makes it easy to install multiple operating systems and

choose the one you want to set active. For example, if you have Windows 95 and want to

install Windows NT in a separate partition, you can make the Windows 95 partition

smaller, create another primary partition, set it as the active partition, and then boot from

the Windows NT installation diskettes.

1 Select the partition you want to make active.

Chapter 4: Completing Advanced Disk Operations66

2Click Partition ➤ Advanced ➤ Set Active on the context menu.

(Windows NT/2000/XP only) In a configuration with mixed IDE and SCSI hard disks,

Windows does not always see the boot drive as the first disk. PartitionMagic displays

drives in the order that Windows reports them. As a result, you may see your boot

device as drive 1, 2, and so forth. PartitionMagic may also incorrectly report that

there is no active partition. Be sure you identify which drive is the boot drive.

The Set Active Partition dialog appears.

3Click OK.

Resizing Clusters

The Resize Clusters operation lets you change the cluster size on FAT, FAT32, and

NTFS partitions. Reducing cluster size may help you reclaim wasted space on your hard

disk.

If you converted FAT or FAT32 partitions to NTFS as part of an operating system

upgrade or file system conversion, resizing to 4K clusters will enable you to regain lost

performance caused by potentially inefficient 512-byte clusters

All files are stored in allocation units called clusters. Each file on a partition is allotted at

least one cluster. The size of a partition determines cluster size. Unless the size of a file is

an exact multiple of cluster size on the partition where the file is located, the file includes

wasted space. Larger partitions have larger clusters, and, therefore, more wasted space.

For more information, see “Making Efficient Use of Disk Space” in Help.

1 Select the partition where you want to resize clusters.

2Click Partition ➤ Advanced ➤ Resize Clusters.

Norton PartitionMagic 67

The Resize Clusters dialog appears.

For each cluster size, PartitionMagic displays the following:

• A bar graph and percentages represent how much space would be used and how

much space would be wasted if you chose that cluster size for the currently

selected partition

• Wasted space (in megabytes)

• The range of allowable partition sizes (in megabytes) or other information

• If a cluster size requires a partition that is too small for the data and files on the

partition, “Too much data” appears in the Notes column. “Not Enabled” appears in

the Notes column for the 64 K cluster size because it is only used for Windows

NT/2000/XP. You can enable the 64 K cluster size, but it is not recommended. For

more information, see “Allow 64K FAT Clusters for Windows NT/Windows

2000/XP” on page 22.

The lower portion of the Resize Clusters dialog displays information about the

current and new cluster size and the current and new partition size (based on the new

cluster size).

3Using the information in the dialog, decide which cluster size you want to use (and

can use) and select it from the New cluster size drop-down list.

PartitionMagic adheres to the established limits for partition and cluster sizes. You

cannot select a cluster size that is invalid for the selected partition.

Chapter 4: Completing Advanced Disk Operations68

It is not recommended that you use the smallest cluster size on partitions containing a

single, large file, such as a database or swap file.

Choosing a smaller cluster size may resize the partition smaller, creating unallocated

space next to the partition. You can use this unallocated space to create a new

partition.

FAT16 partitions are resized automatically to fit the cluster size.

WARNING! Do not choose the 64 K cluster size unless you have Windows NT,

Windows 2000, or Windows XP. Partitions of this type are

incompatible with Windows 9x and DOS.

4Click OK.

Default Cluster Sizes

A partition’s cluster size is set by the DOS FORMAT operation, based on the size of the

partition, as shown in the following tables.

DOS and Windows default FAT cluster sizes

Partition Size (MB) FAT Type Sectors Per Cluster Cluster Size

0-15 12-bit 8 512 bytes

16-127 16-bit 4 2 K

128-255 16-bit 8 4 K

256-511 16-bit 16 8 K

512-1,023 16-bit 32 16 K

1,024-2,047 16-bit 64 32 K

2,048-4,096 16-bit 128 64 K*

*Only compatible with Windows NT/2000/XP.

Windows default FAT32 cluster sizes

Partition Size (GB) Sectors Per Cluster Cluster Size

0.256- 8.01 8 4 K

8.02-16.02 16 8 K

16.03-32.04 32 16 K

> 32.04 64 32 K

69

CHAPTER

5

Converting Partitions

This chapter includes the following information:

• Procedure for Converting Partitions

• Converting FAT Partitions to FAT32

• Converting FAT Partitions to NTFS

• Converting FAT32 Partitions to FAT

• Converting FAT32 Partitions to NTFS

• Converting FAT/FAT32 Partitions to 4K Aligned

• Converting NTFS Partitions to FAT or FAT32

• Converting Partitions to Logical or Primary

Chapter 5: Converting Partitions70

Procedure for Converting Partitions

You can convert the following file system formats:

• FAT partitions to FAT32

• FAT partitions to NTFS (Windows NT/2000/XP only)

• FAT32 partitions to FAT

• FAT32 partitions to NTFS (Windows 2000/XP only)

• FAT/FAT32 partitions to 4K aligned

• NTFS partitions to FAT

• NTFS partitions to FAT32

You can also convert primary partitions to logical and logical partitions to primary.

IMPORTANT! You cannot convert FAT or FAT32 partitions to NTFS if you are running

PartitionMagic from the rescue disks.

IMPORTANT! You cannot convert file system types on compressed drives. First,

uncompress the drive, then run the conversion.

The basic conversion steps (1-5) are found below. However, for each file system type

there is specific information you need to know before beginning any conversion. Please

see the appropriate heading listed in this section before completing the conversion

procedure.

1 Select the partition you want to convert.

2Click Partition ➤ Convert.

The Convert Partition dialog appears.

3Under Convert to, choose the file system to which you want to convert the partition.

Norton PartitionMagic 71

Depending on the file system format of the partition you are converting, some options

may appear dimmed.

If you want to convert your partition to primary or logical, see “Converting Partitions

to Logical or Primary” on page 76.

4Click OK.

Converting FAT Partitions to FAT32

FAT32 partitions have less wasted disk space than FAT partitions. (For more information,

see “Resizing Clusters” on page 66.) However, you should be aware of these issues:

• You must have Windows 95 OEM Service Release 2, Windows 98, Windows Me,

Windows 2000, or Windows XP to access files on a FAT32 partition. If you run an

operating system other than these, FAT32 partitions will be inaccessible when the

other operating system is running, even if one of these operating systems is installed

on your machine.

• Some computers have a sleep mode that saves all memory to disk. Because this

function sometimes requires a FAT partition, consult your computer manual or

contact the manufacturer before converting to FAT32.

• The minimum recommended size for a FAT32 partition is 256 MB.

The steps for this process are listed on page 70.

Converting FAT Partitions to NTFS

This conversion is only possible under Windows NT, Windows 2000, and Windows XP.

The Convert FAT to NTFS operation launches the Microsoft Convert utility to convert a

FAT partition to NTFS. You must be running Windows NT/2000/XP to complete this

conversion. This cannot be performed from the rescue diskette.

If you boot multiple OSs, you must be careful converting FAT to NTFS. NTFS is only

accessible from Windows NT/2000/XP; therefore, the data in this partition will not be

accessible if you boot DOS, Windows 9x, or Windows Me.

After clicking OK, if you have no operations pending and if Windows NT can lock the

partition (no open files), the FAT file system is converted. If you have operations

pending, you must apply them first before converting from FAT to NTFS. If you do not

Chapter 5: Converting Partitions72

apply the operations, a prompt appears asking if you want to apply the changes now before

converting your FAT file. Click OK to apply the changes and continue with the

conversion.

If you have any open files, a message appears indicating that the convert utility cannot

gain exclusive access to the drive and asks if you want to perform the conversion

immediately. If you type Y, your computer is shut down, and the conversion is done at

reboot time.

Converting FAT32 Partitions to FAT

To complete this conversion, the partition must have ~800 MB of unused space because of

how the FAT file system allocates disk space for file storage. The partition must have

approximately 1.7 GB of data or less because FAT partitions are limited to 2 GB. If the

command is dimmed in the dialog, you must delete some data to enable the conversion.

If the FAT menu option is dimmed, your FAT32 partition contains over 2 GB of data. If

the partition size is over 2 GB but it contains less than 2 GB of data, you can convert the

partition (without data loss), but the new partition will be 2047 MB.

During the conversion, PartitionMagic may report too many root directory entries (the

maximum number of entries in a FAT partition’s root directory is limited, unlike a FAT32

partition’s root directory). In this case, move or copy some of the files in the root directory

to another location and then start the conversion again.

Converting FAT32 Partitions to NTFS

This conversion is only possible under Windows 2000 and Windows XP.

The Convert FAT32 to NTFS operation launches the Microsoft Convert utility to convert

a FAT32 partition to NTFS. You must be running Windows 2000/XP to complete this

conversion.

Be aware that data in an NTFS partition will not be accessible if you boot DOS, Windows

9x, or Windows Me.

The steps for this process are listed on page 70.

After clicking OK, if you have no operations pending and if Windows 2000/XP can lock

the partition (no open files), the FAT32 partition is converted. If you have operations

pending, you must apply them first before converting from FAT32 to NTFS. If you do not

Norton PartitionMagic 73

apply the operations, a prompt appears asking if you want to apply the changes now before

converting your FAT partition. Click OK to apply the changes and continue with the

conversion.

If you have any open files, a message appears indicating that the convert utility cannot

gain exclusive access to the drive and asks if you want to perform the conversion

immediately. If you type Y, your computer is shut down, and the conversion is done at

reboot time.

Converting FAT/FAT32 Partitions to 4K Aligned

Unlike an NTFS partition, the first cluster in a FAT or FAT32 partition is not located at

the beginning of the partition. Instead, all the FAT clusters come after a group of sectors

that are designated as a system area. Because the number of sectors needed for this system

area varies, the first cluster may not be aligned on any particular boundary.

During a convert operation from FAT or FAT32 to NTFS, all the sectors in the system

area must be converted to clusters. The cluster size of the resulting NTFS partition is

dependent on how many sectors are in the system area. If the number of sectors in the

system area is a multiple of eight, then the NTFS cluster size can be up to 4K in size (8

sectors x 512 bytes per sector equals 4K). If the number of sectors is not a multiple of

eight, then a smaller cluster size must be used when converting to NTFS.

When you convert a FAT or FAT32 partition to 4K aligned, the operation will check the

number of sectors in the system area to see if it is a multiple of eight. If it is not, it will

adjust the value by padding the number of sectors in the system area and shifting all the

data clusters accordingly. This will ensure that if you decide to convert the partition to

NTFS at a later time, it is possible to have 4K clusters on the resulting partition.

Converting NTFS Partitions to FAT or FAT32

Converting an NTFS partition to FAT lets you view the contents of the partition from

DOS, or Windows 9x/Me/NT/2000/XP.

Converting an NTFS partition to FAT32 lets you view the contents of the partition from

Windows 95b/98/Me/2000/XP. However, a FAT32 partition will not be accessible to

Windows 95a and Windows NT.

Chapter 5: Converting Partitions74

IMPORTANT! You will lose file system-specific information when converting from

NTFS to FAT. Refer to “NTFS Information Lost When Converting to FAT

or FAT32” on page 75 for additional information.

If the conversion fails when you apply changes, refer to the bulleted list below for a list of

possible reasons.

Restrictions on Converting NTFS Partitions to FAT or FAT32

NTFS is a more advanced file system than FAT and FAT32. Therefore, depending on the

NTFS features used on the partition, the type of data, and partition size, you may or may

not be allowed to complete the conversion.

If you receive an error message and the conversion stops, it is usually caused by one or

more of the following:

• The file system for conversion is not allowed for the current partition size. A FAT32

partition should be greater than 256 MB, and a FAT partition must be less than 2 GB.

• The NTFS partition has data in memory that has not yet been written to the hard disk.

• ·The Windows 2000/XP NTFS partition has compressed files, sparse files, reparse

points, or encrypted files. In such case, you can uncompress and/or move (or delete)

the sparse files, then repeat the conversion.

• The file system has errors, such as lost clusters and cross-linked files. You can fix

these problems, then try the conversion again.

• There is not enough temporary space in the partition to do the conversion. The

conversion will require the NTFS system and the FAT32 system files until the last

step of the conversion. Also, there is data in NTFS File Replication Services that must

be moved to external clusters and saved.

Norton PartitionMagic 75

NTFS Information Lost When Converting to FAT or FAT32

If you can complete the conversion from NTFS to FAT or FAT32, you may receive a

warning about the quality of data and feature loss, depending on the features used on the

partition, the type of data, and the partition size.

Warning Description

Error The conversion is not allowed. Because the partition being converted

is using advanced features in NTFS, you may experience unintended

data and feature loss. You will receive an error in one or more of the

following cases:

• There is more than one data stream for any file.

• Any links.

• Any extended attributes.

• Any user-defined attributes in any file.

• Device entries.

• There are sparse files on the volume. Any sparse files, except for

the bad sector file, will stop the conversion.

Warning The conversion is allowed. Although a conversion warning is not as

serious as an error, you may still experience the loss of NTFS-specific

features that are not supported in FAT or FAT32. You will receive a

conversion warning in one or more of the following cases:

• Disk usage quotas - NTFS supports limiting the amount of disk

space for a user. After conversion, all users will have full access

to all free hard disk space.

• Access control lists - This is a file attribute that lists all the users

that can access a file. After conversion, all users will have full

access to all files.

• Index of access control lists - A list of all files that have specific

access rights assigned to them. After conversion, all users will

have full access to all files.

• FAST index file - This file is sometimes created on Windows

2000 computers. After conversion, all indexing of keywords will

be lost.

• Old versions of files - NTFS has the ability to keep versions of

files, however, only the current version of the file is converted

and saved.

Chapter 5: Converting Partitions76

Converting Partitions to Logical or Primary

You might want to convert a primary partition to a logical partition if you have reached

the limit of primary partitions on your hard disk. If you create a logical partition,

PartitionMagic will automatically place it in an extended partition. You can then create

more logical partitions within that extended partition, expanding the maximum number of

partitions on the disk.

You might want to convert a logical partition to a primary partition if you plan to install an

operating system on it. The partition must be a primary partition to be bootable.

IMPORTANT! If you convert an active primary partition to logical (such as your

Windows NT/2000/XP system partition), your computer will not boot

from the hard drive.

5Select the partition you want to convert.

6On the toolbar Partition ➤ Convert.

No Warning The conversion is allowed. The most basic NTFS partition still gives

files more features than are found in FAT or FAT32. When Windows

NT 4.0 is used to copy files from an NTFS partition to a FAT

partition, no warning is given about the features you are losing. Also,

the conversion will not give you a warning about specific features that

cannot be converted. These features include:

• Standard journal file (only used internally by NTFS) - This file is

a transaction log of changes to the NTFS file system. After

conversion, the journal file will be lost.

• NTFS-specific file attributes - NTFS and FAT both have

standard file attributes, such as Read-only, Archive, Hidden, and

System. NTFS has additional file attributes that can be set. After

conversion, however, these additional file attributes will be lost.

• NTFS-specific file dates - The last edit date is converted to the

FAT date. After conversion, the creation date, last access date,

and last edit date (date change only) will be lost.

• Reliable change journal - This journal file is used by Windows

2000 and Windows XP. After conversion, this file will be lost.

Warning Description

Norton PartitionMagic 77

The Convert Partition dialog appears.

7Click either Primary or Logical.

8Click OK.

You cannot convert from primary to logical if another primary partition exists between the

chosen partition and an existing logical partition.

You cannot convert from logical to primary if the conversion would result in more than

four primary partitions or the partition has one or more logical partitions to the left and

one or more logical partitions to the right.

79

CHAPTER

6

Using Wizards

This chapter includes the following information:

•Overview

• Running Wizards

• Create New Partition Wizard

• Create Backup Partition Wizard

• Install Another Operating System Wizard

• Resize a Partition Wizard

• Redistribute Free Space Wizard

• Merge Partitions Wizard

• Copy Partition Wizard

Chapter 6: Using Wizards80

Overview

PartitionMagic includes seven wizards for common tasks. The wizards provide an

alternative to performing the tasks manually using the commands on the Partition menu.

You do not have access to the wizards if you run PartitionMagic from the rescue disks.

Running Wizards

There are two ways to run a wizard:

• Click under Pick a task in the upper left pane of the main screen.

• Choose the task you want to perform from the Tasks menu.

Applying Changes

When you complete a wizard, the disk map and partition list in the main window reflect

the changes you entered. However, the changes do not actually affect your system until

you apply them. To apply the changes to your system, click General ➤ Apply Changes .

To discard the changes without applying them, click General ➤ Discard All Changes (or

Undo Last Change).

After running a wizard, you can run other wizards or perform other partition operations

and then apply or discard all the pending changes at once.

Create New Partition Wizard

The Create new partition wizard creates a new primary or logical partition. To create a

new partition for another operating system, see “Install Another Operating System

Wizard” on page 81, or review the demonstration video at http://service.symantec.com.

You should be aware of the following considerations when creating a new partition:

• Creating a new partition may cause your drive letters to change. For example, if you

have one primary partition (C:) on your hard drive and a CD-ROM drive (D:), and

you create a new logical partition on your hard drive, the new partition becomes D:

and the CD-ROM drive changes to E: after you reboot your computer. As a result, any

programs on your hard drive that were linked to the CD-ROM may no longer function

because the paths to files have changed. (In such cases, you can run DriveMapper to

correct the error.)

Norton PartitionMagic 81

• The file system you choose for the new partition will affect which operating systems

can access the partition. Pay close attention to the information in the dialogs, or you

may inadvertently make your data inaccessible.

• After you apply the changes from the wizard and reboot your computer, the operating

system assigns the new partition a drive letter. You can then save data or install an

operating system to your new partition.

Create Backup Partition Wizard

You can protect your data files by copying them to a dedicated backup partition. The

wizard will resize existing partitions on your hard disk to make room for a new partition.

Then it will create the new partition.

Install Another Operating System Wizard

You can create a new partition especially designed for an operating system. The wizard

prompts you to select the operating system you plan to install. Then it creates a partition

that will work for that operating system—including the right size, the proper boot code

boundary, and so forth. When you use the wizard, you do not need to know all the

requirements of the operating system because the wizard will handle it for you.

If you want the ability to switch between installed operating systems when you boot your

computer, it is recommended that you install Norton™ BootMagic® before running this

wizard.

You should print the instructions displayed when you click the View Instructions button

in the wizard. They will help you install an operating system to the new partition after you

have completed the wizard.

Resize a Partition Wizard

The Resize a Partition wizard helps you resize a partition and lets you specify how the

resize will affect other partitions on the same disk. For example, if you have C: and D:

partitions and you choose to enlarge C:, the wizard could take space from D: and allocate

it to C:.

For information about resizing partitions without the wizard, see “Resizing and Moving

Partitions” on page 29.

Chapter 6: Using Wizards82

Redistribute Free Space Wizard

The Redistribute free space wizard spreads the free space on a hard disk evenly across

partitions. Free space refers to unused space within partitions and space that is not

allocated to any partition. You can redistribute free space on one hard disk at a time. You

cannot redistribute free space across several disks.

For information about redistributing free space without the wizard, see “Resizing and

Moving Partitions” on page 29.

Merge Partitions Wizard

The Merge Partitions wizard helps you merge two adjacent FAT, FAT32, or NTFS

partitions. You choose two partitions, and one will be expanded to include the second. The

contents of the second partition are added as a folder inside the first partition.

Norton recommends that you run a file check (such as CheckDisk or ScanDisk) on the

partitions to be merged before running the wizard and that you run DriveMapper to update

drive letter references after merging partitions. The wizard will prompt you to run

DriveMapper automatically.

Copy Partition Wizard

The Copy Partition wizard helps you duplicate a partition. The copy is the same size and

file type and contains the same data as the original. When you copy a partition, you

specify the hard disk and the unallocated space where you want to place the copy. If

necessary, the wizard will resize neighboring partitions to create sufficient space to

perform the copy.

83

CHAPTER

7

Using PartitionMagic Utilities

This chapter includes the following information:

• Changing Drive Letter References with DriveMapper

• Switching between Bootable Partitions with PQBoot

Chapter 7: Using PartitionMagic Utilities84

Changing Drive Letter References with DriveMapper

When you create, merge, delete, hide, and unhide partitions, your drive letters can change,

causing applications not to run because application shortcuts, initialization files, and

registry entries refer to incorrect drives. DriveMapper is a wizard that lets you easily

update drive letter references.

IMPORTANT! DriveMapper does not change drive letter assignments; it only changes

references to the drive letters, which are assigned by your operating

system.

DriveMapper will run automatically if the following conditions are all met:

• You apply changes to your system that affect drive letter assignments.

• You are running Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows Me.

• Your hard disk contains only FAT or FAT32 partitions.

• You have no more than one CD-ROM drive and no more than one removable drive.

To run DriveMapper manually,

1 From the PartitionMagic main window, click Tools ➤ DriveMapper.

You can also click Start (on the Windows taskbar) ➤ Programs ➤ Norton

PartitionMagic 8.0 ➤ PartitionMagic 8.0 Tools ➤ DriveMapper.

If you are using Windows NT or Windows 2000/XP Professional as your only operating

system, we recommend using the Change Drive Letter operation rather than

DriveMapper. Change Drive Letter lets you permanently set the drive letters for your

partitions so that adding and removing partitions does not affect drive letters. Note that if

you merge or split partitions, drive letters will change even if you are using Windows

NT/2000/XP and the Change Drive Letter operation.

If you have installed an alternative desktop on Windows 9x with the desktop files residing

on a different drive than the Windows system files, DriveMapper may not be able to adjust

your paths. Because DriveMapper is a Windows program, it must have Windows loaded

to run. If the drive letter has been changed for the drive that holds your desktop files, you

may not be able to start Windows.

For further information about how operating systems assign drive letters, see the second

paragraph under “Assigning a CD-ROM Drive Letter” on page 111.

Norton PartitionMagic 85

Using DriveMapper With Multiple Operating Systems

If you run multiple operating systems, you should reinstall applications rather than use

DriveMapper. The following issues make using DriveMapper in a multiple operating

system environment difficult and error-prone:

• Drive letter assignments are based on the file systems supported by an operating

system. If you do not put all FAT32 and NTFS partitions after all FAT partitions,

drive letters will change depending on the operating system currently running, and

DriveMapper may be unable to correctly identify which changes should be made.

• Registry settings are changed for the current operating system only. If you manually

run DriveMapper from another operating system, references in files will already be

changed in the current operating system and further changes will introduce errors in

the other operating systems.

• When DriveMapper is running, files contained in hidden partitions are not updated. If

you are using multiple primary partitions for different operating systems, only the

active primary partition may be visible to be updated.

Changing Drive Letters in the Correct Order

DriveMapper must change drive letters in the correct order to avoid destroying original

references before they are used to make changes for other drive letters.

For example, assume you have two partitions on your hard disk (a primary partition C: and

a logical partition D:) and a CD-ROM drive E:. Suppose you create a logical partition

between C: and D:. The drive letter of D: changes to E:, and the drive letter of E: changes

to F:; however, references in certain files (such as shortcuts) still reflect the original drive

letter assignments. DriveMapper must first change the drive E: references to F: and then

change the drive D: references to E:.

DriveMapper will automatically place changes in the proper order. Norton strongly

recommends that you apply changes in the order DriveMapper chooses.

Switching between Bootable Partitions with PQBoot

PQBoot™ is a quick and easy way to switch between bootable primary partitions. You

may want to use PQBoot if you only occasionally change the active partition and do not

want to use BootMagic or if you cannot use BootMagic easily because you only have

NTFS partitions on your computer. You can also use PQBoot for Windows in conjunction

with BootMagic to create a “boot once” environment—where you boot from one OS into

another and then return to the orginal OS on the next reboot.

Chapter 7: Using PartitionMagic Utilities86

For more information about BootMagic, see “BootMagic” on page 89.

PQBoot for Windows

You can use PQBoot for Windows in conjunction with BootMagic to switch to another

operating system without changing your BootMagic configuration settings.

You can also use PQBoot for Windows without having BootMagic installed. Then the

settings you choose are “sticky” and will be in effect until you run PQBoot for Windows

again or change the active partition with PartitionMagic.

1 Click Start ➤ Programs ➤ Norton PartitionMagic 8.0 ➤ PartitionMagic 8.0

Tools ➤ PQBoot for Windows.

Under Windows 95/98/Me, PQBoot for Windows will only run if PQVXD.VXD is in

the same directory as PQBOOT32.EXE.

PQBoot for Windows displays the primary partitions on your first hard disk.

2Choose the partition that you want to boot to.

PQBoot for Windows will enable you to choose a partition that does not include an

operating system. If there is no operating system on the active partition, you must

have rescue disks or a boot disk to perform any operations.

3Click Restart Now to reboot to the new partition immediately, or click Restart Later

to boot to that partition the next time you boot the computer.

4Click OK.

Norton PartitionMagic 87

5If you select Restart Now, a confirmation dialog appears. Click Yes to confirm.

When you reboot, PQBoot makes the selected partition active and hides the other primary

partitions on the hard disk.

PQBoot for DOS

1 Go to a DOS prompt. Change to the directory containing PQBOOT.EXE or

PQBOOTX.EXE.

2Type PQBOOT or PQBOOTX, then press <Enter>.

Use PQBOOT if you want a small, fast executable that will fit on a floppy disk that

has limited free space. Be aware, however, that PQBOOT may not display volume

labels correctly for FAT or FAT32 partitions and volume labels for NTFS partitions

will not display at all.

Use PQBOOTX if the executable file size and speed are not critical. PQBOOTX will

display all volume labels in FAT, FAT32, and NTFS partitions.

PQBoot displays a list of all primary partitions.

3Type the ID number of the partition (shown in the first column) you want to make the

bootable primary partition.

4Press <Enter>.

PQBoot makes the partition active and reboots the computer. If you need to maintain

multiple, visible primary partitions under Windows NT, you should run PQBoot with

the /M switch.

PQBoot for DOS Command Line Switches

PQBoot for DOS offers several command line switches that are useful when you know the

ID number or volume name of the partition you want to make active. To use a switch, run

PQBoot from a DOS prompt.

Switch Description

/A:<number or

label>

Marks a partition active without rebooting.

/M Maintains the hidden/visible status of each partition. If you have a

Windows NT installation that looks for multiple, visible primary

partitions, you should run PQBoot with the /M switch.

Chapter 7: Using PartitionMagic Utilities88

For example, to set the second available bootable partition active without rebooting, you

would type PQBOOTX /P:2 /A.

Running PQBoot for DOS with Command Line Switches

1 Go to a DOS prompt.

2Change to the directory containing PQBoot (typically C:\PROGRAM

FILES\Norton\PARTITIONMAGIC 8.0\DOS).

3(DOS) Type PQBOOT

switch

or PQBOOTX

switch

(where

switch

is the

appropriate switch).

/P:<number> Selects the active partition using the partition’s ID number.

/S Shows partition information, including ID numbers and volume

names.

/V:<label> Selects the active partition using the partition’s volume label.

/? Displays a brief description of the switches and examples of how to

use them.

Switch Description

89

CHAPTER

8

BootMagic

This chapter includes the following information:

• Getting Started

• Configuring BootMagic

• Setting BootMagic Passwords

• Adding an Operating System to the BootMagic Menu

• Removing an Item from the BootMagic Menu

• Modifying a Menu Item’s Properties

• Setting a Default Operating System

• Booting from a Second Hard Disk

• Setting the Startup Delay

• Disabling BootMagic

• Using the BootMagic Menu

• Using BootMagic to Install Operating Systems

• Troubleshooting

Chapter 8: BootMagic90

Getting Started

BootMagic® is a powerful disk-management tool that helps you run multiple operating

systems on a single PC. Each time you start or restart your computer, BootMagic presents

a list of operating systems (OSs) you can boot from. The configuration program lets you

quickly select the OSs you want to appear in the BootMagic Menu and lets you set

various boot-time options such as a default OS and a startup delay.

With BootMagic, you can easily switch between OSs, using whichever OS best suits your

immediate needs. You can even try out a new OS risk-free, knowing that your old OS is

there, readily accessible when you need it.

BootMagic System Requirements

The following table lists the minimum and recommended system requirements for

installing and using BootMagic.

Hardware/Software Requirement

Processor Pentium

RAM 32 MB for Windows 9x, Me; 128 MB for Windows NT 4.0,

Windows 2000, or Windows XP

Hard-disk free space 10 MB

CD-ROM drive Any speed

3.5-inch diskette

drive

3.5-inch diskette drive

Operating system Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows NT

4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP

Monitor SVGA

Pointing Device Microsoft-compatible mouse

Norton PartitionMagic 91

Supported Operating Systems

BootMagic can be configured to boot to the following operating systems:

Installing BootMagic

You can install BootMagic from Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows NT

4.0, Windows 2000 Professional, and Windows XP.

1 Insert the PartitionMagic CD in your CD drive.

2Click BootMagic from the PartitionMagic setup screen, then click Install to launch

the BootMagic installation program.

3Follow the on-screen instructions to install BootMagic.

BootMagic can be installed to any FAT or FAT32 partition (primary or logical). If

your system only has NTFS partitions, see “Installing BootMagic on an NTFS

System” on page 92 or consider using PQBoot for Windows instead of BootMagic.

See “PQBoot for Windows” on page 86.

4After installation is complete, click Back ➤ Exit to close the setup screen.

After installation, BootMagic sorts through your system’s hard disks, looking at the

partition tables and gathering information about each currently installed operating system.

BootMagic then automatically runs the configuration program, adding every detected OS

to the BootMagic Menu.

At this point, it may be necessary for you to edit the items that appear in the menu list.

While BootMagic reliably detects most operating systems, it may also detect some

non-OS partitions. For example, if you have a primary NTFS data partition (that is, a

partition which contains only data, no OS) on the first disk, BootMagic may detect it as

•Windows 98

•Windows 95

•Windows Me

•Windows NT 4.0

• Windows NT 3.51

• Windows 3.x (must be installed

with DOS 5 or later)

• MS-DOS 5.0 or later

• Windows 2000

• Windows XP

• PC-DOS 6.1 or later

• Open DOS

•Linux

•BeOS

• Most other versions of DOS

Chapter 8: BootMagic92

Windows NT. Likewise, a primary FAT or FAT32 data partition may be detected as

MS-DOS or Windows 95/98. Because data partitions cannot be booted, you should

remove them from the menu list. You can also choose to add or remove other OS

selections, modify OS names and icons for easier identification, add passwords, set a new

startup delay, or select a different default OS.

For information on detecting non-OS partitions in the menu list, see “Finding the Right

Operating System” in the BootMagic online Help. For more information on using the

configuration program, see “Configuring BootMagic” on page 94 in this guide or refer to

online Help.

After you make any necessary changes, click Save/Exit. The next time you reboot your

computer the BootMagic Menu appears. To start an operating system, select the desired

menu item from the BootMagic Menu.

IMPORTANT! Do not delete the partition that includes BootMagic without uninstalling

BootMagic first.

Installing BootMagic on an NTFS System

BootMagic must run from a FAT or FAT32 partition. If you are only running Windows

NT-based operating systems, you may only have NTFS partitions on your hard disk. To

use BootMagic on an NTFS system, you must create a FAT (or FAT32) partition, install

BootMagic on it, and configure BootMagic so that it does not hide the FAT partition. The

following steps detail this process.

1 Start PartitionMagic.

2Right-click the first primary NTFS partition, then click Resize/Move.

3In the Free Space Before field, type 50.

4To create the new partition after the NTFS partition, enter the size in the Free Space

After field.

IMPORTANT! The BootMagic partition must start below the 8 GB boundary of the

hard disk and must be at least 32 MB large.

5Click OK.

6Right-click the new unallocated space, then click Create.

7From the Create As drop-down list, click Primary Partition.

Norton PartitionMagic 93

You can have only four primary partitions on a hard disk. If your hard disk already

contains four primary partitions, you must delete one of your existing primary

partitions or convert it to a logical partition before you can create the primary FAT

partition for BootMagic.

8From the Partition Type drop-down list, select FAT.

9(Optional) Under Label, type a descriptive name for the partition (such as

“BootMagic”).

10 Click OK.

11 Verify that the status of the new FAT partition is None.

If the status of the FAT partition is “Hidden,” set the status to None. See “Hiding and

Unhiding Partitions” on page 63.

12 Click General ➤ Apply Changes.

13 Click Yes to confirm that you want to apply the changes.

If the partition you are resizing has open files on it, PartitionMagic will prompt you

that it must reboot the machine to apply the changes. Click "OK" to allow the

machine to reboot. Make sure there are no floppy diskettes or CDs inserted in the

machine. Once the changes have been applied and Windows has loaded, verify that

the new partition has a drive letter.

14 Install BootMagic, then BEFORE REBOOTING, perform the steps under

“Configuring BootMagic to Work on an NTFS System” on page 95.

The new FAT partition will be automatically selected as the destination location for

BootMagic. Create the BootMagic diskette when prompted during the installation

process. When the BootMagic installation is complete, the BootMagic Configuration

program automatically loads.

IMPORTANT! Do not reboot your computer at the end of the BootMagic installation.

Creating a BootMagic Rescue Disk

During installation, you have the option to create a BootMagic rescue diskette. This

diskette is vital if your system’s master boot record (MBR) is ever damaged or

overwritten. It can also be helpful if you inadvertently disable BootMagic and cannot

access the configuration program to re-enable it.

WARNING! Technical support may not be able to assist you if you have not created a

rescue diskette.

Chapter 8: BootMagic94

To launch BootMagic’s configuration program from the rescue diskette, boot from the

rescue diskette and follow the on-screen instructions.

Once in the configuration program, you can make any needed modifications or additions.

When you click Save/Exit to exit the configuration program, BootMagic re-saves all the

necessary files and rewrites the MBR, thereby restoring the program to normal.

Getting Help

Refer to the BootMagic online help for information about all BootMagic features that are

not discussed in this chapter.

• To access Help in the Windows configuration program, select Help ➤ Contents

from the menu bar.

• To access Help in the DOS configuration program, select Help ➤ Topic List from

the menu bar.

• To access context-sensitive Help, click Help in the lower-right corner of most

dialogs, or press <F1>.

Configuring BootMagic

BootMagic’s configuration program consists of two versions: one for DOS and one for

Windows. Both versions have similar interfaces and offer the same functionality.

BootMagic’s configuration program may be manually launched by any of the following:

• In Windows, select Start ➤ Programs ➤ BootMagic 8.0 ➤ BootMagic

Configuration.

• In DOS, run

drive

:\BTMAGIC.PQ\CONFIG.BAT.

• On the PartitionMagic main screen, click Tools ➤ BootMagic Configuration.

• You can run a DOS version of the BootMagic configuration program from the Norton

PartitionMagic CD if your computer has the ability to boot from a CD.

Norton PartitionMagic 95

When you run the configuration program, the BootMagic main window appears.

From this window, you can set a password for the configuration program, the BootMagic

Menu, or specific menu items; add or remove an OS to the BootMagic Menu; modify an

operating system’s BootMagic properties; set your default operating system; set the

startup delay; or disable BootMagic. Each of these options are briefly covered in this

chapter. You can also change the background bitmap. For further information about

configuring BootMagic, see the online help.

Configuring BootMagic to Work on an NTFS System

1 From the BootMagic Configuration menu bar, click Options ➤ Advanced Partition

Hiding.

A checkmark appears to the left of the Advanced Partition Hiding menu item.

2In the BootMagic Runtime Menu group box, verify that your current Windows

operating system is highlighted in the list of available operating systems.

3Click Properties.

4Click the Visible Partitions tab.

5Place a mark in the Override Default Selections checkbox.

6Place a mark in the checkbox next to the FAT partition where BootMagic is installed.

Chapter 8: BootMagic96

7Click OK.

8Click Save ➤ Exit.

9Reboot the computer to apply the changes.

You can now use BootMagic with your NTFS system.

Setting BootMagic Passwords

BootMagic now allows you to password protect the BootMagic configuration program,

the BootMagic Menu, or even specific menu items.

1 In the BootMagic main window, click the Options menu.

2Select Set Configuration Password to password protect the configuration program

or Set Boot-time Password to password protect the BootMagic menu.

3Enter the current password in the Old password text box.

The Old Password text box will be blank and disabled when there is no prior

password.

4Enter the new password in the New password text box.

5Retype the new password in the Confirm new password text box.

6Click OK.

To clear a password, enter the old password and leave the new password fields blank.

To set a password for specific BootMagic Menu items, you must modify the menu item’s

properties. For more information, see “Modifying a Menu Item’s Properties” on page 98

or refer to BootMagic’s online Help.

Adding an Operating System to the BootMagic Menu

1 In the BootMagic main window, click Add.

The BootMagic Add OS dialog appears.

Norton PartitionMagic 97

2(Optional) To view all your system’s partitions, including those that BootMagic does

not recognize as containing an OS (for example, Linux on a logical partition), mark

the Advanced check box.

3Select the OS you wish to add to the BootMagic menu.

BootMagic may sometimes detect an OS that doesn’t exist or may detect the wrong

name for an existing OS. For help on finding the operating system and partition you

want, see “Finding the Right Operating System” in BootMagic’s online Help.

Do not add non-OS partitions to the BootMagic menu. You cannot boot your

computer from a partition without an OS.

4Click OK.

The BootMagic Menu Item Properties dialog appears.

5Define the menu properties as desired, and then click OK.

For more information on defining runtime menu properties, see “BootMagic Menu

Item Properties” in BootMagic’s online help.

Removing an Item from the BootMagic Menu

1 In the BootMagic main window, select the item you wish to delete from the

BootMagic Runtime Menu list.

Chapter 8: BootMagic98

2Click Delete.

Deleting an OS from the BootMagic menu does not remove the OS from your system.

The OS remains in its partition and can be added again to the menu if desired.

Modifying a Menu Item’s Properties

1 In the BootMagic main window, select the item you wish to modify.

2Click Properties.

3Modify the properties as desired, then click OK.

For a description of each property, see “BootMagic Menu Item Properties” in

BootMagic’s online help.

Setting a Default Operating System

BootMagic automatically selects the OS on the home partition (that is, the partition on

which BootMagic is installed) as the system default. This is the OS that BootMagic

automatically boots if another OS is not chosen before the startup delay expires, or if the

startup delay is set to None.

For more information on the startup delay, see the next section, “Setting the Startup

Delay.”

1 In the BootMagic main window, select the operating system you wish to set as the

system default.

2Click Set as Default.

Booting from a Second Hard Disk

To boot an operating system that is not on the first hard drive, you must enable advanced

partition hiding. To enable advanced partition hiding, click Options ➤ Advanced

Partition Hiding. If this option is not selected (the default), you can only boot from the

first hard disk.

Norton PartitionMagic 99

Setting the Startup Delay

By default, BootMagic uses a timed startup delay set to 30 seconds. You can change the

startup delay.

• Select None to eliminate any time delay. BootMagic automatically boots the default

OS at startup without displaying the BootMagic Menu.

• Select Indefinite to specify an unlimited time delay. BootMagic displays the runtime

menu until you choose the OS you wish to boot.

• Select Timed to designate a time delay from 1- 99 seconds. BootMagic waits the

specified amount of time for an OS to be chosen before booting the default OS.

If you set the startup delay to either None or Timed, you must also ensure that a valid OS

item is selected as the system default. Without a default OS, BootMagic cannot boot your

system.

If you set the startup delay to None and select a default OS that cannot run the BootMagic

configuration program, you will be unable to modify the configuration settings and boot

other OSs. If this happens, boot your computer while holding down the left Shift key. This

overrides the timer settings and opens the BootMagic Menu without a timer (as the

Indefinite option) for that one boot.

You can then select DOS or Windows from the BootMagic menu, run the BootMagic

configuration program, and change either the default OS or the startup delay.

Disabling BootMagic

You may encounter situations in which you want to disable BootMagic. For example, if

you are diagnosing an OS startup problem and need to reboot your system multiple times

or, if you are installing another operating system, you may want to bypass loading

BootMagic every time. Disabling BootMagic replaces the BootMagic master boot record

(MBR) with a copy of your original MBR.

Disabling BootMagic does not destroy any of your configuration settings. All of the

current settings are saved until BootMagic is re-enabled.

1 Unmark the BootMagic Enabled check box in the BootMagic main window.

The configuration options become unavailable, and BootMagic remains disabled until

the box is re-checked.

2Click Save/Exit to save your changes and exit the configuration program.

Chapter 8: BootMagic100

When you reboot your computer, BootMagic no longer loads and the default OS is

automatically booted.

To re-enable BootMagic, run the configuration program from either your hard drive or the

BootMagic rescue diskette. Mark the BootMagic enabled check box in the BootMagic

main window. When BootMagic is re-enabled, it saves a copy of the current MBR and

then reinstalls the BootMagic MBR. Upon reboot, BootMagic loads normally and all the

previous configuration settings are restored.

For more information on creating a BootMagic rescue disk, see “Creating a BootMagic

Rescue Disk” on page 93.

Using the BootMagic Menu

Once installed, the BootMagic menu appears each time you start your computer. The

BootMagic menu displays all the OSs configured for booting. Each OS is identified by its

user-assigned name and icon. Although BootMagic automatically highlights the default

OS, you can choose any of the listed OSs. Simply click the OS you want to boot. You can

also use your arrow keys to select an OS and press <Enter>.

If the OS you want is not listed, you can run the BootMagic configuration program and

add it to the menu. For more information on adding an OS to the menu list, see “Adding an

Operating System to the BootMagic Menu” on page 96.

Using BootMagic to Install Operating Systems

In addition to making it easy to choose from multiple operating systems when you boot

your machine, BootMagic makes installing multiple OSs on your system easy. For

information on installing to primary or logical partitions, see “Using BootMagic to Install

a New Operating System” in BootMagic’s online help. You may also want to refer to the

help topic on OS-specific installation issues.

Troubleshooting

Black screen on boot. If you add choose a partition that does not include an operating

system and add it to the BootMagic menu, BootMagic will display a black screen after you

choose the non-OS item from the menu. To fix the problem, press <Control-Alt-Delete>,

boot to DOS or Windows from the BootMagic menu, run the BootMagic configuration

program, and remove the non-OS item from the BootMagic menu.

Norton PartitionMagic 101

Operating system will not boot (bootstrapping issues). If you have two operating

systems that are based on Windows NT (that is, Windows NT, Windows 2000, or

Windows XP) and one of the operating systems is bootstrapping off of the other one,

BootMagic will not work properly for the bootstrapped OS. By default, BootMagic hides

any primary partitions other than the one you choose to boot from. If it hides a partition

that includes the NTLDR and BOOT.INI file (system files that are shared in a

bootstrapped environment), the computer will not boot. There are three ways to resolve

this problem:

• Make sure only one primary partition is visible when you install an NT-based OS, so

that the NTLDR and BOOT.INI are installed in both OS partitions. (This option

avoids bootstrapping, so both operating systems can boot on their own.)

• Use the NT loader menu to boot into the OS you want instead of using BootMagic.

• You may have a bootstrapped operating system but still want to use BootMagic

because you have additional operating systems that are not bootstrapped. In this case,

you should remove the option for the bootstrapped operating system from the

BootMagic menu and choose that OS from the NTLDR menu instead. For example,

assume you had three operating systems installed: Windows 2000, Windows XP, and

Windows 98. If Windows XP were bootstrapped off Windows 2000, it would not

boot if you chose it from the BootMagic configuration menu because BootMagic

would hide the Windows 2000 partition that included critical system files. Instead,

you should make the Windows XP partition visible from the Windows 2000 partition

(see “Configuring BootMagic to Work on an NTFS System” on page 95) and remove

Windows XP from the BootMagic configuration. You would then have two options

on the BootMagic menu: Windows 2000 and Windows 98. You could choose

Windows 98 to boot it directly. If you chose Windows 2000, the NTLDR menu would

appear, allowing you to boot either Windows 2000 or Windows XP.

I cannot install BootMagic on my NTFS system. See “Installing BootMagic on an

NTFS System” on page 92.

103

APPENDIX

A

Using PartitionMagic With Other

Programs

This appendix includes the following information:

• Norton Utilities

• Disk Compression Utilities

• Operating System Boot Utilities

• Virus Protection Software

• Drive Overlay Programs

• SoundBlaster

• GoBack

Appendix A: Using PartitionMagic With Other Programs104

Norton Utilities

You can safely use PartitionMagic and Norton products together. The following

information will help you avoid any problems.

Norton Disk Doctor

If an extended partition ends at the end of a drive, Norton Disk Doctor (NDD) will

sometimes display this message: “An extended partition has invalid parameters and

probably is inaccessible. Correct this situation if you are unable to access partitions on

hard disk 1. Do you wish to correct this problem?” To eliminate this message, use

PartitionMagic to resize the logical and extended partitions at the end of the drive to leave

some free space before the end of the drive.

Additionally, when you delete, move, or resize partitions, it appears to NDD that you

could have inadvertently deleted a partition. NDD displays the following message: “If you

are unable to access a disk that you previously could, you should revive this partition.

Would you like to revive this partition?” If you inadvertently deleted a partition, select

Yes. If you do not want this message to appear every time you run NDD, complete the

following:

1 Click No.

NDD displays this message: “You have chosen not to revive the partition. Do you

want Norton Disk Doctor to mark the partition so it doesn’t ask about it again?”

2Click Yes.

The Create Undo File dialog appears.

3Click Skip Undo File. (Creating an undo file uses many diskettes.)

NDD displays this message: “If you wish to undelete this partition at a later time, use

the /UNDELETE switch.”

4Click OK.

NDD displays this message: “Partition information has been changed. Would you like

to restart your computer?”

5Click Restart Your Computer.

Norton PartitionMagic 105

Norton AntiVirus

Because Norton AntiVirus (NAV) interprets changes to partition tables and boot records

as potential virus attacks, PartitionMagic takes steps so that NAV automatically

reinoculates. Should NAV give you the choice of repairing the changes, do not select

Repair. Instead, inoculate after using PartitionMagic.

Norton SystemWorks

You can use PartitionMagic on a system where Norton SystemWorks is installed.

However, you must run PartitionMagic from the rescue disks. If you attempt to run

PartitionMagic under Windows with Norton SystemWorks installed, you may receive a

disk-write error.

Disk Compression Utilities

You can safely use PartitionMagic and some disk compression utilities together. The

following information will help you avoid any problems.

WARNING! Do not merge compressed partitions. You will lose the host partition.

DriveSpace and DriveSpace 3

To use PartitionMagic with DriveSpace, you must first change the size of a DriveSpace or

DriveSpace 3 drive in Windows 95 or Windows 98 by completing the following:

1 On the Windows desktop, double-click My Computer.

2Right-click the drive you want to change, then click Properties on the menu.

3Click the Compression tab.

4From the Compression menu, click Advanced.

5From the Advanced Properties menu, click Run DriveSpace.

A list of your physical drives, compressed drives, and host drives appears.

6Select the compressed volume you want to change.

7Click Drive at the top of the menu.

8From the Drive menu, click Adjust Free Space.

The Adjust Free Space menu appears. At the bottom of the menu is a slide bar.

Appendix A: Using PartitionMagic With Other Programs106

9To increase compressed space (enlarge the compressed volume), move the slide bar

to the left. To increase uncompressed space (shrink the compressed volume), move

the slide bar to the right.

If you want to shrink the host for a compressed drive, move the bar to the right to

create more uncompressed space on the host. You can then use PartitionMagic’s

Resize/Move operation to make the host partition smaller. If you have already used

Resize/Move to resize the partition larger and want to add more space to the

compressed volume, move the slide bar to the left.

Operating System Boot Utilities

Both OS/2’s Dual Boot and System Commander 2.0 and above accommodate boot sector

changes made by PartitionMagic. To install System Commander on drives that

PartitionMagic has modified, you may need to use System Commander 2.06 or later.

If you have System Commander on your computer, you must configure it so that it does

not simultaneously unhide multiple primary partitions. To configure System Commander

so that it does not create multiple visible primary partitions, complete these steps for each

operating system selection on the System Commander menu:

1 On the Operating System Selection menu, select an operating system.

2Press <Alt+S>.

3Click Local Special Options ➤ Primary partitions accessible on drive 0.

A screen appears with three options: All, Auto (the default), and None.

4Click None.

The other primary partitions will now be hidden when this operating system boots.

5Repeat steps 1-4 for all operating system selections on the menu.

Virus Protection Software

PartitionMagic modifies the master boot record and partitions’ boot sectors. Virus

protection software should be able to detect that PartitionMagic is changing partition

tables and not boot code; however, it is possible that unsophisticated virus protection

programs may mistake PartitionMagic changes as attempts to install a virus. If this occurs,

turn off the virus protection program while using PartitionMagic and inform the virus

protection software manufacturer of the problem.

Norton PartitionMagic 107

Some motherboards contain virus protection software within the BIOS. If this causes a

problem when you are running PartitionMagic, disable the BIOS virus protection, and

then restart PartitionMagic.

Drive Overlay Programs

Drive overlays, such as Ontrack DDO, Microhouse EZ-Drive or Pro-Drive, Maxblast,

WD DDO, and Seagate DDO, provide your computer with access to larger disk drives.

PartitionMagic is compatible with these programs only if the drive overlay program is

loaded before PartitionMagic.

If you boot your computer from a diskette, the overlay will not load, and PartitionMagic

will not get the correct information from your drive. You can boot from a diskette and still

load the drive overlay by completing the following:

1 Start your computer as if you were going to boot from the hard disk.

2When prompted, press <Space> or <Ctrl>.

3The drive overlay information appears with an option of booting from a diskette.

Select this option and insert the boot diskette when prompted.

SoundBlaster

The DOS drivers for a SoundBlaster Live sound card may conflict with PartitionMagic

operations that require going into boot-mode. Norton recommends that you unload the

SoundBlaster drivers (by remarking them in your CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT

files) until after you have finished using PartitionMagic.

GoBack

If you need to modify partitions on a hard disk that is being monitored by Norton’s

GoBack software, you must first disable (turn off) GoBack.

1 From GoBack’s main menu, click Options ➤ Disable GoBack.

Before you begin modifying partitions on your hard disk, you must first reboot your

computer, then start PartitionMagic. When you are finished making your changes in

PartitionMagic, you can re-enable GoBack.

Appendix A: Using PartitionMagic With Other Programs108

Defragmenting Software

You should disable defragmenting software, such as Diskeeper, before using

PartitionMagic. After your changes have been applied, you can restart low-level utility

programs.

109

APPENDIX

B

Troubleshooting

This appendix includes the following information:

• General Troubleshooting

Freeing Memory to Run PartitionMagic under DOS

Assigning a CD-ROM Drive Letter

Using PartitionMagic With a SCSI Hard Disk

PqRP Partitions

Merging Partitions with Different NTFS Version Numbers

Resolving Check Errors

Resolving Partition Table Errors

Partition Tables and Viruses

Partition Will Not Boot After Resizing

• Generating Diagnostic Reports with PartitionInfo

• Error Messages and Solutions

• Exit Code 12

Appendix B: Troubleshooting110

General Troubleshooting

Freeing Memory to Run PartitionMagic under DOS

The DOS PartitionMagic executable requires a minimum of 585 KB of memory in the

first 640 K of the computer’s address space (conventional memory). If you do not have

sufficient conventional memory, there are several ways you can free additional memory.

Running MEMMAKER

MEMMAKER is a program that automatically configures your computer to save

conventional memory (while still loading all of the device drivers and other programs you

usually load when booting DOS). MEMMAKER frees conventional memory by moving

as many programs as possible out of conventional memory into high memory. Run

MEMMAKER by typing MEMMAKER at a DOS prompt. Follow the on-screen

instructions.

MEMMAKER is only available in DOS 5.0 to 6.22. It is not available in Windows 95 or

Windows 98 DOS mode.

Using the F8 Key to Keep Programs From Loading

Press <F8> immediately after booting your computer (while DOS is booting). As DOS

reads the each command in the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files, it asks if you

want the command executed. When you see commands that load device drivers or TSR

programs not needed to run PartitionMagic, press <N> so that the software is not loaded

into memory.

Deleting Operating System Compression Files

If you use DOS 6.22, Windows 95, or Windows 98 and your system does not have any

compressed drives (using programs such as DriveSpace, DoubleSpace, and Stacker), you

can delete the operating system compression files, DRVSPACE.BIN or DBLSPACE.BIN,

from any boot diskette you create. This frees conventional memory because DOS 6.22,

Windows 95, and Windows 98 load these files into memory, regardless of the contents of

CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT.

DRVSPACE.BIN and DBLSPACE.BIN are hidden system files. To delete them,

complete the following:

1 Place your boot diskette in your diskette drive.

2Go to a DOS prompt.

3Type A: and press <Enter>. You should see A:\> on your screen.

Norton PartitionMagic 111

4Type ATTRIB -R -H -S *.BIN, and press <Enter>.

5Type DEL *.BIN and press <Enter>.

Assigning a CD-ROM Drive Letter

If your computer has a CD-ROM drive or any form of removable media, you should be

aware of potential problems caused by the way drive letters are assigned to these devices.

Under Windows NT/2000/XP, you can change drive letter assignments with

PartitionMagic; otherwise, this is a function of the operating system. The operating system

assigns drive letters in this order: (1) the first recognized primary partition on each hard

disk, (2) all logical partitions on each hard disk, (3) any other primary partitions on each

hard disk, and (4) the CD-ROM drive and any other forms of removable media.

Generally, all removable media should be assigned drive letters after fixed disks.

Because the CD-ROM is one of the last drives to receive a letter, any partition you create

or delete on any of your hard disks affects the drive letter assignment of your CD-ROM

drive. Occasionally, the operating system may not assign a drive letter to the CD-ROM

drive. If this occurs, complete the steps outlined below.

If you are using Windows 95/98 and Windows 95/98 drivers for the CD-ROM:

1 On the toolbar, click Start ➤ Settings ➤ Control Panel.

2Double-click System.

3Click the Device Manager tab.

4Double-click CD-ROM.

5Double-click the name of your CD drive.

6Select the Settings tab.

7In the Start drive letter and End drive letter boxes, type or select Z. Because the OS

assigns all other available drive letters before assigning Z, this ensures that partition

changes you make in the future do not invalidate your CD-ROM drive letter.

8Click OK to close the Settings page.

9Click OK to close the System Properties dialog.

10 When prompted to restart your computer, click Ye s .

Appendix B: Troubleshooting112

If you are using DOS or Windows 3.x or are loading your CD-ROM drivers under DOS

with Windows 95/98:

1 Go to a DOS prompt.

2Type EDIT C:\CONFIG.SYS.

Your CONFIG.SYS file opens in the DOS editor program. Look for this line:

LASTDRIVE=drive (where drive is any letter of the alphabet). Change drive to Z.

This allows the OS to assign all drive letters through Z.

3If your CONFIG.SYS file does not contain the LASTDRIVE=drive statement, you

can add it by simply typing LASTDRIVE=Z.

4Select File ➤ Exit.

5When you are prompted to save the file, select Ye s. You should be back to a C:\>

prompt.

6Type EDIT C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT.

7Your AUTOEXEC.BAT file opens in the DOS editor program. Look for a line that

includes the word “MSCDEX.” The /L:drive parameter (where drive is the drive

letter assigned to your CD-ROM before you made changes with PartitionMagic) may

appear at the end of this line. Change drive to Z. Because the OS assigns all other

available drive letters before assigning Z, this ensures that partition changes you

make in the future do not invalidate your CD-ROM drive letter. For more

information, type HELP MSCDEX at a DOS prompt.

If your computer is on a network, when you log in to the network, the letter “Z” and

other letters at the end of the alphabet may be assigned to network search drives. In

this case, assign your CD-ROM a letter immediately preceding the last letter used by

the network search drives.

8Select File ➤ Exit.

9When you are prompted to save the file, select Ye s.

10 When you see the DOS prompt (C:>), reboot your machine.

Using PartitionMagic With a SCSI Hard Disk

To use PartitionMagic on a SCSI hard disk, you must have a SCSI controller card that

supports software Interrupt 13. Most SCSI controller cards let you enable software

Interrupt 13 support in the BIOS through the card. If your SCSI controller card does not,

contact the manufacturer to determine if your adapter can support software Interrupt 13.

As a general rule, if you are able to use FDISK to partition the disk, you will also be able

to use PartitionMagic.

Norton PartitionMagic 113

PqRP Partitions

If your computer fails during a PartitionMagic operation, you may see a partition that

displays as PqRP or PQFLEX in the partition list in the main screen. PartitionMagic flags

a partition with a PqRP file system and a PQFLEX label, so you know that the partition

has been modified. You should assume that a PqRP partition is not stable. Contact Norton

technical support for help in recovering data from a PqRP partition.

Merging Partitions with Different NTFS Version Numbers

PartitionMagic cannot merge partitions that have different NTFS version numbers.

Where do version numbers come from?

The Windows operating system assigns version numbers to NTFS partitions when they

are created. Windows NT 4.0 creates version 1.2, Windows 2000 creates version 3.0, and

Windows XP creates version 3.1. You cannot change NTFS version numbers for existing

NTFS partitions using PartitionMagic.

If you create an NTFS partition using PartitionMagic, the version number for the partition

will match the operating system. (For example, if you create an NTFS partition while

running under Windows 2000, the partition will be NTFS version 3.0.) If you create an

NTFS partition under Windows 9x or with the PartitionMagic rescue diskettes (which run

under DOS), the new partition will be NTFS version 3.1.

Be aware that if you are running Windows NT 4.0 (prior to SP6) and you install Windows

XP as a second operating system, Windows XP will promote the NTFS partitions to

version 3.1, which could make Windows NT 4.0 inoperable. This is a feature of Windows

XP and is not related to PartitionMagic.

So if the version numbers don't match, what can I do to fix them?

If you install Windows XP, it automatically “promotes” NTFS partitions to version 3.1.

Then you can merge the partitions with PartitionMagic. If you do not want to upgrade to

Windows XP, you cannot merge the mismatched NTFS partitions.

Resolving Check Errors

PartitionMagic checks the integrity of a partition thoroughly before making changes to it.

The Check for Errors and Info operations perform the same checks and display error

messages when they discover problems. For more information, see “Checking Partitions

for Errors” on page 50 and “Getting Information About Partitions” on page 56. These

checks are similar to those made by an operating system’s CHKDSK, ScanDisk, or

AUTOCHK utility.

Appendix B: Troubleshooting114

PartitionMagic also checks a partition after modifying it. While data loss is possible, it is

not typical. The problem is usually a minor file system error that CHKDSK /F /R (or

ScanDisk, if you are using Windows 95/98) can correct without data loss. For more

extensive errors, you may need to restore your files from a backup copy. If problems

persist, report the problem to Norton technical support.

If you receive a Check error message on any partition, back up your hard disk and then run

your operating system’s CHKDSK program on that partition (do not use the /F switch on

the initial run). If you have MS-DOS 6.x, Windows 95, or Windows 98, run ScanDisk.

CHKDSK and ScanDisk generally discover the same problems as PartitionMagic (except

that the DOS CHKDSK program does not detect problems in Extended Attributes).

If CHKDSK or ScanDisk does not show the same errors as the Check for Errors operation,

contact Norton technical support.

If CHKDSK or ScanDisk and the Check for Errors operation detect the same errors, which

is usually the case, run CHKDSK with the /F switch or run ScanDisk to fix the problems.

Then run CHKDSK again without the /F switch to ensure that the partition is error free.

When CHKDSK reports no errors on the partition, run the Check for Errors operation. If

PartitionMagic still reports a problem, reformat the partition and restore your files from

the backup copy.

Resolving Partition Table Errors

Partition table errors are errors in the 100 - 199 range. In most cases, you must resolve

partition table errors by creating new, error-free partition tables. The general steps are: (1)

ensure you have no viruses (see below), (2) back up the data on the affected partitions, (3)

delete the partitions, (4) recreate them, and (5) restore their contents. You may need to use

the FDISK program from a recent DOS version, as earlier versions may refuse to delete

HPFS or hidden partitions, and the OS/2 FDISK program may recognize the partition’s

corruption and refuse to modify it.

In some cases, you can resolve partition table errors manually. Run PartitionInfo to

determine the errors on your partitions. Norton technical support can help resolve partition

table errors if you e-mail the PartitionInfo report to help@symantec.com. Refer to

“Generating Diagnostic Reports with PartitionInfo” on page 115 for additional

information about PartitionInfo.

Partition Tables and Viruses

If partition changes made under one operating system are not reflected under another, and

vice versa, a master boot record (MBR) virus may be present.

Norton PartitionMagic 115

Use a virus check utility that can detect the latest viruses. If a virus is found, data loss is

likely. Before removing the virus, boot each operating system and use the Check for

Errors operation to evaluate the integrity of the partition. Back up the files on any partition

that passes the Check for Errors operation. Then remove the virus and perform the Check

for Errors operation on the partitions again. Delete and recreate any partitions that fail the

check. Finally, reinstall the operating systems and restore the backup files as necessary.

Partition Will Not Boot After Resizing

Occasionally, resizing a FAT partition displaces the first few files on the partition (such as

IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS if the partition contains an operating system). If you resize a

boot partition and then it fails to boot, run SYS.COM from DOS or from the

PartitionMagic rescue disks.

Generating Diagnostic Reports with PartitionInfo

PartitionInfo generates a report showing the contents of your hard disk partition table.

This information is helpful in resolving various partitioning problems. PartitionInfo is

available in English only.

You can run PartitionInfo under Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows NT

4.0 Workstation, Windows 2000 Professional, and Windows XP. If you are using DOS or

Windows 3.x, run PARTINFO.EXE (see page 117).

Every time you run PartitionMagic, it creates a snapshot file PQ_DEBUG.TXT that

includes information about all the disks and partitions on your machine. The file is saved

in the %system root%\Temp directory (for Windows NT/2000/XP) or the

Windows\System folder (for Windows 95/98/Me). PartitionMagic also saves up to five

previous debug reports, renaming them PQ_DEBUG.001, PQ_DEBUG.002, and so forth,

with PQ_DEBUG.005 being the oldest retained file. The debug files may be beneficial for

Norton Technical Support if you call Norton for help resolving problems with

PartitionMagic.

1 Click Start ➤ Program Files ➤ Norton PartitionMagic 8.0 ➤ Norton

PartitionMagic 8.0 Tools ➤ PartitionInfo.

The PartitionInfo window appears, displaying partition and disk geometry

information and disk and partition errors. Disk geometry information includes data

Appendix B: Troubleshooting116

from the master boot record and the extended partition boot records.

Only errors that display in the box near the top of the screen indicate problems. Do

not be concerned with Warnings and Infos in the bottom two boxes.

2From the Physical Drive drop-down list, select the disk for which you wish to view

information.

3You can save the PartitionInfo report as a file, or you can print it.

To do this: Do this:

Save the report as a file Click Save As. In the Filename box, type a name

for the file. Click Save. (Columns of information

are separated by tabs, so you can open the file in a

word processor and easily format the report.)

To change the font for a

printed report

Click Printer Font. Select the desired font, font

style, size, and so forth. Click OK.

To change printer setup Click File ➤ Printer Setup. We recommend that

you set the page orientation to landscape to avoid

text being cut off at the right margin.

Norton PartitionMagic 117

4To exit PartitionInfo, click Close.

Generating Diagnostic Reports with PARTINFO.EXE

You can also run PARTINFO.EXE from the first rescue disk to get partition information.

The PARTINFO program provides essentially the same information as the PartitionInfo

program but without the GUI interface.

1 Boot the computer to DOS.

2Insert the first rescue disk.

3You have several options for running PARTINFO.

Error Messages and Solutions

PartitionMagic error messages and possible solutions are listed below by number. The

messages are also grouped in number ranges by error category.

Miscellaneous Errors (3–38)

#3 Not enough memory

This error can occur when you are resizing, moving, or copying an extremely

large partition (60 GB) or when manipulating smaller partitions in DOS with

EMM386 loaded. EMM386 limits the amount of memory the program can

To print a report Click Print, then click OK.

To do this: Do this:

To display partition

information on your screen

Type PARTINFO, then press <Enter>.

To send a report directly to

your printer

Type PARTINFO >LPT1 or PARTINFO

>PRN, then press <Enter>.

To save the report as a text file

on a floppy disk

Type PARTINFO >A:\PARTINFO.TXT,

then press <Enter>.

To do this: Do this:

Appendix B: Troubleshooting118

access. To solve the problem, modify your CONFIG.SYS file by commenting the

EMM386 line. For more information about memory requirements, see

“PartitionMagic System Requirements” on page 4.

The DOS PartitionMagic executable requires a minimum of 585 KB of memory

in the first 640 KB of the computer’s address space (conventional memory) and 8

MB of total memory. For possible solutions if you have insufficient conventional

memory, see “Freeing Memory to Run PartitionMagic under DOS” on page 110.

You may be able to resolve this problem by rebooting to an A: prompt, typing

LOCK_C:, and running PartitionMagic from the rescue disks.

#8 Could not allocate/deallocate DOS real mode memory

The DOS PartitionMagic executable running under DOS, Windows 3.x,

Windows 95, and Windows 98 requires some memory in the first 1 MB of the

computer’s address space (PartitionMagic uses a DOS extender). If not enough

memory is available, PartitionMagic cannot access the hard disk. For possible

solutions, see “Freeing Memory to Run PartitionMagic under DOS” on page 110.

#27 Cannot lock drive

Under multitasking operating systems such as Windows 95, PartitionMagic must

lock a partition before it can safely modify it. If the hard disk contains files that

are in use by another process, PartitionMagic cannot lock the partition.

#29 Cannot lock a locked drive

Verify that the partitions you are attempting to modify are not on a locked hard

disk.

#34 The Beta version is no longer safe to use

Norton occasionally releases beta versions and evaluation versions of

PartitionMagic. Both versions are not as safe as release versions; therefore,

Norton builds an expiration date into each version. After a predetermined test

period, the beta or evaluation version no longer functions.

Disk Access Errors (40–56)

Errors in the 40–56 number range indicate that accessing your disk is not possible, and

often result from hardware problems. Some problems may have simple solutions; for

others, the only solution may be replacing the hard disk. When possible, PartitionMagic

detects major errors before any changes have been made so you can back up your data

before replacing the hard disk.

Norton PartitionMagic 119

#45 CRC error in data

When PartitionMagic or any other program reads information off of a hard

disk, it checks the CRC (cyclic redundancy check) information c on ta i n ed in

each sector. If it performs a CRC test and the result is different from the

value st ored on that sector, there is a CRC error. This usually means one of

two things.

• The file being read has become corrupted by some other means.

• A sector used in the file’s storage has become bad and corrupted

that part of the stored file.

The solution is to do a surface test to make sure any bad sectors are marked as

bad, then reinstall the software involved to ensure that files on the system are not

corrupted. You may also want to try running PartitionMagic with an /IRE switch.

#48 Sector not found

This error can be reported when a given sector cannot be read or written to.

There are many possible causes.

If you are encountering this error, make sure that your BIOS supports the

operating system and hard disk on the system. Also run a thorough ScanDisk on

the drive to prevent data from being written to bad sectors.

#49 Write fault

#50 Read fault

(The following information applies to errors 49 and 50.)

PartitionMagic is unable to write to/read from a specific sector on the hard disk.

Possible causes include:

• If your PC beeps or displays a black box in the middle of the screen, virus

protection is enabled in your computer’s BIOS. Disable virus or boot sector

protection in the BIOS.

• A virus protection application (which may be a TSR or DLL program) is in

use. Disable the application before using PartitionMagic.

• There is a bad sector on the hard disk (this is usually the case only with older

hard disks). Run ScanDisk on the hard disk to perform a surface scan to verify

the existence of bad sectors. If your drive has bad sectors, we recommend you

replace it.

• You have set up disk mirroring with PC-Tools. Disable the disk mirroring

option.

Appendix B: Troubleshooting120

Miscellaneous Errors

#70 Windows was deleted

If you are using Windows 3.x, you must create PartitionMagic rescue disks and

run PartitionMagic for DOS.

#89 EZ-Drive has been detected on the drive but EZ-Drive is not running

#90 EZ-Drive has been detected on the drive but EZ-Drive is corrupt

#91 Disk Manager has been detected on the drive but is not running

These errors are “first head” errors. They can be resolved with assistance from

Norton technical support. Before calling technical support, please type the

following at a DOS prompt: wrprog /bak >

x:

head1.dat, where

x:

is

one of the drives on your machine.

The wrprog.exe file can be found in the Utility\DOS folder under your Norton

product folder. If you are running under Windows NT and do not have DOS

available, you can use the DOS rescue diskettes you created for your Norton

software.

#98 Hibernate Windows 2000/XP

#99 Hibernate Windows Me

Hibernation saves the system RAM to a file, then uses Advanced Power

Management to shut the system down. When the machine is subsequently booted,

the hibernation file is read into RAM, and execution begins where it left off.

A hibernated system assumes when it is booted that the system is in the same

state as when hibernation occurred. Any changes made to the system’s hardware

(including disks and disk partitions) may cause unexpected results.

See Microsoft’s Knowledge Base article #241354 for more information about

making modifications to a system while in hibernation mode.

To avoid this error, shut down your machine normally and then restart.

Partition Table Errors (100–199)

Errors in the 100–199 number range are partition table errors. For general information

about resolving these errors, see “Resolving Partition Table Errors” on page 114 and

“Partition Tables and Viruses” on page 114.

#100 Partition table is bad

The master boot record (MBR) can contain, at most, one extended partition, and

each extended partition boot record (EPBR) can contain, at most, one link to

another EPBR. This error occurs when a partition table violates the foregoing

Norton PartitionMagic 121

rule. It can also occur if you have more than one active partition. Since any

modifications PartitionMagic makes may decrease the amount of data that is

recoverable from the hard disk, PartitionMagic does not recognize any of the hard

disk’s partitions. If you must create new, error-free partition tables to resolve

your problem, see “Resolving Partition Table Errors” on page 114 for

instructions.

#104 No sectors in partition

No partition should contain zero sectors. Delete the partition before using

PartitionMagic.

#105 Partition starts on wrong boundary

The hard-disk partition table contains erroneous values. PartitionMagic expects

partitions to begin and end on the correct cylinder boundaries. If they do not, the

disk may be partially corrupted. In this circumstance, if PartitionMagic were to

make any modifications it might cause the loss of data. Therefore, PartitionMagic

refuses to recognize any of the hard disk’s partitions. To resolve this problem, see

the instructions in “Resolving Partition Table Errors” on page 114.

#106 Partition doesn’t start with sector one

See error #105.

#107 Partition begins after end of disk

This error can occur if a partition erroneously extends beyond the physical end of

the hard disk. This may happen if the hard disk has been used on a different

computer or with a different hard-disk controller or if BIOS settings have been

changed. Be advised that the physical geometry of the hard disk may differ from

the logical geometry assigned to the hard disk by the operating system.

#108 Partition doesn’t end at end of cylinder

See error #105.

#109 Partition ends after end of disk

See error #107.

#110 Partition table number of sectors is inconsistent

The hard-disk partition table contains two inconsistent descriptions of the number

of sectors on the hard disk. This error is serious if both DOS and another

operating system use the hard disk. Because DOS uses one description and other

Appendix B: Troubleshooting122

operating systems may use the other, data loss is likely once the partition is

almost full. To resolve this error, see the instructions in “Resolving Partition

Table Errors” on page 114.

#111 Logical partition starts outside of Extended

An extended partition boot record (EPBR) is a sector on the hard disk that

contains a partition table. The EPBR partition table is special because it generally

only has two valid entries: one for the logical partition and one that is a pointer to

the next EPBR. The standard is for the logical partition's entry to be the first entry

in the table and the second entry is the pointer to the next EPBR. The third and

fourth entries are not used. For some utilities, such as IBM's Boot Manager, the

order of these entries is important because the utility expects the first entry to be

the logical and the second entry to be the pointer to the next EPBR. If

PartitionMagic detects that the EPBR entries are out of order, you will be

prompted to fix the error. If you choose to fix the error, PartitionMagic will

reorder the EPBR entries for you automatically.

#112 Logical partition ends outside Extended

See error #111.

#113 Partitions overlap

The hard disk partition table contains erroneous values. If data partitions overlap,

writing to one may destroy data in another.

This error is sometimes the result of an OS/2 FDISK bug. If free space exists

within the extended partition, OS/2’s FDISK program allows a primary partition

to be created that overlaps the extended partition. A logical partition is

subsequently created in the space occupied by the overlapping primary partition.

If a primary partition overlaps the end of the extended partition but does not

overlap any logical partitions within the extended partition, the problem can be

remedied by patching the partition table. Only qualified individuals should

attempt this repair! An incorrect patch could destroy all data on the hard

disk! In most instances, you should resolve the problem as explained in

“Resolving Partition Table Errors” on page 114.

#116 Partition table Begin and Start inconsistent

The hard disk partition table contains two inconsistent descriptions of the

partition’s starting sector. This error can occur if the operating system reports a

hard-disk geometry that is different than the geometry in use when the partition

table was written. Possible causes include: (1) different operating systems report

different hard-disk geometries, (2) you boot from a diskette that loads a different

Norton PartitionMagic 123

driver than is loaded when you boot from the hard disk, (3) upgrading the

operating system causes a different driver to be used, (4) the hard disk or

controller has been changed, (5) the BIOS has been upgraded, (6) the BIOS LBA

setting has been changed, or (7) there is a partition table virus present on the hard

disk.

In most instances, you should resolve the problem as explained in “Resolving

Partition Table Errors” on page 114. You can also use a virus scanning program

to remove any partition table virus. Data loss is possible if the number of heads or

sectors per track has changed since you first created your partitions.

#117 Partition’s drive letter cannot be identified

Under OS/2, PartitionMagic must be able to find the drive letter for each partition

before modifications can be made. There are various reasons why OS/2 might not

be able to find a drive letter for each partition. For example, a driver on your

system may change the drive letters from their defaults, or your partitions may

not have serial numbers.

You may also see this error when running PartitionMagic under Windows.

The solution is to run PartitionMagic from DOS or from MS-DOS mode (in

Windows 95 or Windows 98). When PartitionMagic runs from DOS or from

MS-DOS mode, it does not need to be able to find the drive letter for each

partition. Thus, if the problem indicated by this error message is the only

problem, PartitionMagic can run successfully.

#120 The logical drive chain is incompatible

This error occurs under some operating systems when logical partitions are not

chained together in the expected order. DOS, OS/2, Windows 95, Windows 98,

and Windows NT require that logical partitions be chained together in ascending

order. Some other operating systems do not require this. For example, some

versions of the Linux FDISK utility chain logical partitions together in the order

they are created. This error message identifies a very dangerous situation; using

the DOS FDISK in this situation can cause loss of one or more partitions.

For solutions to this problem, see the instructions in “Resolving Partition Table

Errors” on page 114. If you decide to back up your data and recreate your

partitions, you may have to use the same partitioning program that you used to

create the partitions in order to delete them. Norton recommends recreating the

partitions with DOS FDISK or PartitionMagic.

Appendix B: Troubleshooting124

#121 The first sector of the drive cannot be read

The first sector of the hard disk (cylinder 0, head 0, sector 1) contains the master

boot record (MBR) and the primary partition table. PartitionMagic cannot make

changes to this hard disk because an error occurred when it read the first sector.

See error #50 for information on resolving this error.

#122 A bad sector was found in the current or new partition area

The partition cannot be moved safely because there is a bad sector in the new or

current partition area. When you see this error message, the move operation is

aborted before any corruption can occur. Try moving the partition to a different

place. Run ScanDisk or CHKDSK /F with a surface scan before continuing. If

your hard disk has bad sectors, we recommend that you replace the hard disk.

#140 Overlapping partitions found. No partitions can be undeleted.

Two or more deleted file systems were found in the unallocated space. However,

each file system claims space that another file system also claims. There are no

other partitions that can be undeleted.

Check Errors (500–599)

Check errors occur when PartitionMagic checks the integrity of a partition. For general

information about resolving these errors, see “Resolving Check Errors” on page 113.

#500 Subdirectory is corrupted

This error message reveals the name of the corrupted subdirectory. Back up the

contents of that directory and its subdirectories. You can then delete the corrupted

subdirectory.

#501 Cross-linked files were found

Multiple files claim the same clusters. PartitionMagic can fix this error when it

occurs on an NTFS partition. For more information, see “Checking Partitions for

Errors” on page 50. PartitionMagic lets you fix this error by: (1) copying the

shared clusters to each affected file, (2) deleting all affected files, or (3) keeping

one file and deleting the other affected files.

#506 Not enough free space on partition to shrink

Some free space (which is dependent on the hard disk’s current contents) is

required to resize a partition smaller. Delete unneeded and duplicate files in the

partition and then attempt the operation again.

Norton PartitionMagic 125

#508 As specified, the operation does not change the partition

You have entered a value that is the same as or (when rounded to the required

cylinder boundary) rounds to the same as the partition’s present value. Enter a

larger change.

#509 A bad sector was detected in the current or new FS area

In order to perform the resize operation that you requested, PartitionMagic

attempted to expand the file system area. However, the program found a bad

sector in the new area. Try moving the partition before you resize it. No

corruption occurs when you encounter this error.

#510 The version of the file system is not supported

An updated version of PartitionMagic is required to operate on this new version

of the file system. Visit www.symantec.com for information about updated

versions of PartitionMagic.

Batch Errors (600–633)

#600 Batch file could not be opened

#601 Error trying to write batch file

#602 Batch file not found

PartitionMagic lets you specify a series of changes you want to make to your

partitions, and then executes all the changes when you click Apply. At this point,

PartitionMagic writes out a command list file (called a “batch file”) to disk in

preparation for execution, and then reads the file upon execution (immediately if

a lock can be secured on all impacted partitions, or in a special “reboot” mode

after rebooting your computer if not all locks can be secured). In the Windows

95, Windows 98, and Windows NT Workstation versions of PartitionMagic, the

batch file is located in your Windows\System directory. In the DOS versions, it is

located in the directory from which PartitionMagic is running. The batch

filename is PQ_SM40.PQB.

If the batch file cannot be created, cannot be written, or cannot be located when

PartitionMagic attempts to execute the command file, the above error messages

appear. If you are running PartitionMagic from rescue disks, ensure they are not

write-protected. If you cannot determine the source of the problem, contact

Norton technical support.

#603 Unknown batch operation

The batch file contained an operation unknown to PartitionMagic. Contact

Norton technical support.

Appendix B: Troubleshooting126

#625 Batch structure has changed

Generally error 625 only occurs when the system needs to go into boot-mode to

execute your commands. A 625 error occurs when your disk geometry is seen

differently in your native Windows version of PartitionMagic than it is in the

boot-mode version. For security reasons, PartitionMagic cannot apply your

changes without risking data loss.

One common configuration that will cause a 625 error is a system that has a hard

disk (such as a SCSI or removable drive) that is visible in Windows but that

cannot be seen in the boot-mode environment.

Some possible solutions include:

• Make sure the operation executes in native Windows mode (without resorting

to boot-mode execution). PartitionMagic will only go into boot-mode if it

cannot lock a partition (that is, if there are any open files on the partition). Try

to confine all operations to drives PartitionMagic can lock before clicking the

Apply Changes button.

• Change the configuration of the offending disk (most likely the SCSI or

removable drive) by changing the BIOS setup for that disk. Doing so will

ensure that the native and boot-mode environments detect identical hard disk

configurations. If this does not work, you can try temporarily disabling the

offending disk.

This error usually indicates that some other application has modified your disk

configuration while you were running PartitionMagic. Make sure no other

applications are loaded while PartitionMagic is running.

User Interaction Errors (950–999)

#950 Unable to detect any disk drives

No partitionable hard disks were found on your computer. Diskette drives and

many removable media drives do not support partitioning. PartitionMagic cannot

perform operations on disks in such drives.

#951 An invalid value was entered

The value entered is outside the range or (when rounded to the required cylinder

boundary) rounds to a value that is outside the range for the operation specified.

Check the displayed range and reenter the value.

#952 Value entered is the same as the current value

See error #508.

Norton PartitionMagic 127

#963 Selected operation is currently invalid

Not all PartitionMagic operations can be performed on all partitions. For

example, you cannot create a partition if there is not enough unallocated space on

the hard disk.

Options that are not available either do not appear on the menus or they appear

dimmed. Refer to the relevant information in this user guide or the online Help

for restrictions that explain why an operation is not available.

#968 Incorrect Volume Label entered, Deletion not performed

To delete a partition, PartitionMagic requires you to enter that partition’s volume

label. If the volume label you enter does not match the volume label of the

partition you want to delete, this error appears.

#969 Incorrect Volume Label entered, Unable to proceed.

To format an existing partition, PartitionMagic requires you to enter that

partition’s volume label. If the volume label you enter does not match the volume

label of the partition you are attempting to format, this error appears.

#970 Invalid Bad Sector Check value specified

This error occurs only in the enterprise version of PartitionMagic from a running

script. If the script command SET DEFAULT BAD SECTOR TEST STATE is

not followed by either ON or OFF, this error appears.

#971 The label entered was too long

When you enter a volume label, the process that checks the validity of the label

displays this message if the label is too long. The label must be no longer than 11

characters.

#972 Invalid characters in the label

When you enter a volume label, the process that checks the validity of the label

displays this message if the label has characters that are invalid. Invalid

characters include the following: [ * ? : < > | + = ; \ / ” , ].

#973 Volume Label cannot have leading spaces

When you enter a volume label, the process that checks the validity of the label

displays this message if you enter a label in which a space or spaces are the

leading characters.

Appendix B: Troubleshooting128

#974 Root size specified was not in the valid range

This error occurs only in the enterprise version of PartitionMagic from a running

script. If you use the Create, Format, or Resize Root operations, and the number

of root entries specified is not within the acceptable range for that partition, this

error appears. Generally, the valid range is from 64 to 1,024.

#975 The cluster size specified was invalid for this partition

This error message displays only in the enterprise version of PartitionMagic from

a running script. Many commands have a cluster size option. If a script command

specifies an invalid cluster size (for the type and size of the partition), this error

appears.

#976 Cannot create the file system specified in the current space

This error message displays only in the enterprise version from a running script.

When you use the Create or Format commands, you must also choose a file

system type. If the file system or partition type you specified cannot be created in

the space available, this error appears.

#977 Partition selected is invalid

This error message displays only in the enterprise version of PartitionMagic from

a running script. If the partition selected from the Select Partition command is not

a valid partition, this error appears.

#978 Unable to set to proper partition after last operation. Script halted.

This error message appears only in the enterprise version of PartitionMagic from

a running script. After each operation, PartitionMagic ensures that the right

partition is still selected. If PartitionMagic is not able to select the proper

partition, it ends script processing and displays this error.

#986 Unable to get information for the specified partition

PartitionMagic reports this error most commonly when MS-DOS-based

terminate-and-stay-resident programs (TSRs) are running in the background.

These TSRs will be located in the Config.sys or Autoexec.bat files.

One such TSR is the SUBST command. The SUBST can be used to associate a

path with a drive letter. This creates a “virtual drive” that can be accessed as an

additional local drive. The SUBST command is classified as a “dirty” or “deadly”

TSR, and cannot be loading at the same time that PartitionMagic is loading.

To solve the problem, you must remark out the Config.sys or Autoexec.bat line

that is loading the SUBST command. This command can be reinstated after

running PartitionMagic.

Norton PartitionMagic 129

There are other “dirty” or “deadly” TSRs that may cause a problem. If you are

experiencing this error and are not using the SUBST command, find and remark

out any of the following commands: Join, Append, or Assign.

This error can also be reported if your C: drive is compressed. If the C: drive is

compressed, you will need to either uncompress the drive, or run PartitionMagic

from the rescue diskettes.

This error can also be caused by multiple partition table errors. If any of the

above solutions do not apply, run PartitionInfo and send the report to Norton

technical support. Refer to “Generating Diagnostic Reports with PartitionInfo”

on page 115 for information about PartitionInfo and PARTINFO.

#993 Partition contains open files. Use the operating system check utility.

To fix this error, disable any anti-virus programs on your system and run a

thorough ScanDisk. You cannot use the Check for Errors operation on a partition

with open files.

NTFS Check Errors (1500–1699)

Errors 1500–1699 are NTFS-specific check errors, which can occur when PartitionMagic

checks the integrity of a partition. PartitionMagic can fix certain errors when you perform

the Check for Errors operation. For more information, see “Checking Partitions for

Errors” on page 50 and “Resolving Check Errors” on page 113.

In this section, “attribute” does not mean read-only, hidden, system, etc. Rather,

“attribute” means one of a file’s data streams.

#1501 Wrong version of NTFS

The partition was created using a version of the NTFS file format that

PartitionMagic cannot work with.

#1503 Bad NTFS cluster size

The NTFS cluster size must be 512, 1,024, 2,048, 4,096, 8,192, 16,384, 32,768,

or 65,536 bytes.

#1512 Restart record mismatch

The two restart entries in the journal file are different. This may happen if

Windows NT Workstation is not properly shut down. To fix this problem, restart

Windows NT Workstation and shut it down using the Shut Down command.

Appendix B: Troubleshooting130

#1513 Bad attribute position in file record

This error can often be resolved by running CHKDSK /F on the affected disk. For

instructions on running CHKDSK, see Symantec Solution How to Run

Microsoft CHKDSK from the Command Line.

If running CHKDSK /F does not help, please send the following items to Norton

Technical Support:

• A debug report. See Symantec Solution Running a Debug Report.

• A PARTINFO report. See “Generating Diagnostic Reports with PartitionInfo”

on page 115.

• The information outlined in Symantec Solution Information Needed for a

Trouble Report.

• If possible, an image of the machine or the actual hard disk, so Norton

developers can examine the source of the issue more closely.

#1516 Partition improperly dismounted

The partition dirty flag is set in a restart record in the journal file. This error may

have been caused by a power failure or system crash while the Windows NT

operating system was writing the partition.

This problem can often be resolved by running CHKDSK /F on the affected

drive. For instructions on running CHKDSK, see Symantec Solution How to Run

Microsoft CHKDSK from the Command Line.

If running CHKDSK /F does not help, please send the following items to Norton

Technical Support:

• A debug report. See Symantec Solution Running a Debug Report.

• A PARTINFO report. See “Generating Diagnostic Reports with PartitionInfo”

on page 115.

• The information outlined in Symantec Solution Information Needed for a

Trouble Report.

• If possible, an image of the machine or the actual hard disk so Norton

developers can examine the source of the issue more closely.

#1527 Bad update sequence number

A buffer contains mismatched update sequence numbers. This error may have

been caused by a power failure or system crash while the Windows NT operating

system was writing to the partition. Reboot Windows NT Workstation and

execute CHKDSK /F to repair the damage.

Norton PartitionMagic 131

#1529 Information mismatch in directory entry

A file attribute stored in a file record is different from the attribute stored in its

directory entry. If this error is in a system file (file 0–10), Windows NT

CHKDSK does not fix it, but Windows NT rebuilds the root directory on the

partition the next time the operating system is started.

#1538 Can’t find contiguous space to move

The partition does not contain enough contiguous free space to hold the new copy

of a file that must be contiguous. You normally encounter this error when you use

the Resize option to resize a partition smaller.

#1539 File size mismatch

The size of a system file (file 0–15) recorded in its file record does not match

either the size recorded in its directory entry in the root directory or the size of its

data stream.

#1544 External attribute list in external attribute

An external file record has an external attribute list.

#1545 File attributes out of order

The attributes in a file must appear in order of increasing numeric type.

#1546 Attribute neither resident nor nonresident

The attribute resident flag has a value other than resident or nonresident.

#1547 Wrong run limits

A run has more clusters than the difference between its highest and lowest

cluster.

#1548 File table has fewer than 16 entries

The file table must have at least 16 entries.

#1549 File table has more than 4 billion entries

The file table must have fewer than 4 billion entries.

Appendix B: Troubleshooting132

#1604 File’s parent does not contain the file

The file’s parent directory does not contain a reference to the file, or a file’s size,

date, or time information does not match the file’s parent directory information.

This error can be fixed when you perform the Check operation. For more

information, see “Checking Partitions for Errors” on page 50. When you fix this

error, PartitionMagic updates the file’s parent directory information.

#1609 Lost cluster(s)

The volume bitmap shows clusters as being used which are not used (no file

claims them). This error can be fixed when you perform the Check operation. For

more information, see “Checking Partitions for Errors” on page 50.

PartitionMagic lets you fix this error by either deleting the lost clusters or by

saving them in a file in the root directory. The filename is FILEXXXX.PQE,

where XXXX is a number between 0000 and 9999.

#1630 Inconsistent sizes in attribute header

File size information is incorrect. This error can be fixed when you perform the

Check operation. For more information, see “Checking Partitions for Errors” on

page 50. When you fix this error, PartitionMagic computes the correct file size

information.

#1644 Bad system file sequence number

A system file has a bad sequence number. System files must have a sequence

number from 1 to 15. A partition with this problem may pass Windows NT

CHKDSK, but Windows NT does not mount the partition the next time the

operating system is started.

#1647 Error in root directory index

There is an error in the root directory’s index. Running Windows NT CHKDSK

does not fix this problem, but Windows NT automatically rebuilds the root

directory on the partition the next time it is started.

#1681 Data is compressed or sparse

There are compressed or sparse files on an NTFS file system that is being

converted to FAT. Since FAT does not support sparse files and the compression

technique used by Windows NT/2000/XP on the FAT file system is different than

that used with NTFS, the compressed and sparse files would be unreadable if the

conversion were performed.

Norton PartitionMagic 133

When this error occurs on a Windows XP system, you can often fix the problem

by disabling the Windows System Restore feature. To do this, right-click My

Computer, select Properties, click the System Restore tab, and place a mark in

the checkbox next to Turn off System Restore on all drives.

If the error occurs on a Windows NT or Windows 2000 system, or if turning off

System Restore in XP does not solve the problem, perform the following:

1 In Windows, bring up a command prompt window.

2Change to the root directory of the affected drive.

3Type the following at the command COMPACT /U /S /A /I /F *.*.

IMPORTANT! This command uncompresses all the files in the partition you run

it on. Consequently, you should have ample free space in the

partition to accommodate the larger file sizes. Also, depending on

how many files are compressed, this process can be quite time

consuming. If you need to abort the process at any point, press

<Ctrl+C> inside the command prompt window.

4After the uncompression process is complete, perform a search for the file

EGA.CPI.

5When you find the file, right-click on it, select Properties, click Advanced,

and verify that the file is uncompressed.

You should now be able to perform the file system conversion without getting

Error 1681.

If you still receive the error, try locating and uncompressing the particular file

that is referenced in the Error 1681 message by its FRS number (the first number

that is not enclosed in parentheses). To do this:

1 Download the file BTIni.zip from

ftp://ftp.symantec.com/public/english_us_canada/tools/pq/utilities, then unzip

the file.

2Copy the BTINI.EXE file from the directory where you unzipped the

BTIni.zip file to a floppy diskette.

3Boot to the PartitionMagic rescue disk 1. When prompted for disk 2, insert the

floppy diskette containing BTINI.EXE, and press <Enter>.

4Press <Ctrl+C> to halt the rescue disk batch process.

5At the A:\ prompt, type BTINI /SHOW.

This command displays the partition ID for the NTFS partition.

Appendix B: Troubleshooting134

6Now enter the following command:

BTINI /FRS <partition ID for the NTFS partition>:<FRS

number displayed in the Error 1681 message>

This command returns the filename associated with the FRS number referenced

in the Error 1681 message.

7Reboot the computer to Windows and search for the file reported by BTINI.

8Uncompress or unencrypt the file.

You can also copy the file to another location and then delete it from its original

location. After PartitionMagic has completed the conversion operation, you may

then copy the file back to its original location.

For more information on using the BTINI utility (in English), please see

Symantec Solution BTini and PQFile Syntax and Uses.

If Error 1681 is still reported after you have tried all the preceding steps, then

reboot Windows, search for compressed files manually using Windows Explorer,

and uncompress the files you find. For instructions (in English) on how to do this,

see Symantec Solution Uncompressing Files in Windows NT, 2000, and XP.

#1687 An object index is present

A file with an object index created by Windows 2000 was found. For example,

users may have been assigned disk space quotas. When converting a partition to

FAT or FAT32, this information will not be saved, since FAT and FAT32 file

systems do not support object indexes. (The FRS number for the compressed file

found is shown.)

FAT Check Errors (2000–2099)

Check errors occur when PartitionMagic checks the integrity of a partition. For general

information about resolving these errors, see “Resolving Check Errors” on page 113.

#2001 FAT copies are not identical

Run ScanDisk to fix this error.

This problem may also be caused by a virus. Run a virus checker and remove the

virus if possible.

#2002 There are invalid entries in the FAT

This error can generally be fixed by running a thorough ScanDisk on the

partitions reporting the error.

Norton PartitionMagic 135

#2003 File size does not match FAT allocation for file

Run ScanDisk or CHKDSK to fix this error.

#2005 One or more lost clusters are present

Run ScanDisk or CHKDSK to fix this error.

#2012 Formatted FAT file system too big for partition

This error can occur when:

• The number of sectors in the partition is larger than 65,536, and the

bsHugeSects field of the boot sector (“Big total number of sectors” in Norton’s

DISKEDIT utility) shows that there are more sectors in the partition than the

partition table shows.

• The number of sectors in the partition is less than 65,536, and the bsSects field

of the boot sector (“Total sectors on disk” in Norton’s DISKEDIT utility)

shows that there are more sectors in the partition than the partition table shows.

This situation can result in data loss when the FAT file system tries to use space

outside the partition that does not exist or that belongs to another partition. Since

file data may exist outside the partition boundary, you cannot fix the problem by

simply patching the boot sector.

To correct the error, back up all data on the partition, delete the partition, recreate

the partition, and restore the data. Alternately, it has been reported that you can

use Norton Disk Doctor to fix this problem.

#2013 A component of FAT geometry is bad

This error can occur when:

• The number of clusters on the hard disk is greater than the FAT limits allow.

This can result from bad values in the boot sector for the number of sectors,

FATs, root entries, reserved sectors, and sectors per cluster.

• The number of sectors in the FAT is not large enough to hold the number of

clusters present on the hard disk.

A qualified consultant may be able to fix the hard disk by performing simple

patches. Alternately, you can back up the data on the partition, delete the

partition, recreate the partition, and restore the files.

Appendix B: Troubleshooting136

#2024 The OS/2 Extended Attribute file is corrupt

This error only occurs if you are running OS/2 and a program mistakenly writes

to or overwrites the OS/2 Extended Attribute file. If this error occurs, you should

back up your data, delete the partition, recreate the partition, and restore your

data.

#2027 Too many root entries in the FAT32 partition to convert it to FAT16

Long filenames may be causing this problem, since they use multiple entries per

file. To fix this error, move some of the root directory entries into a subdirectory

and defragment the disk.

#4002 No valid NetWare volumes signature in volume definition table

See error #3.

BootMagic Errors (8000-8999)

These errors are “first head” errors. They can be resolved with assistance from Norton

technical support. Before calling technical support, please type the following at a DOS

prompt: wrprog /bak >

x:

head1.dat, where

x:

is one of the drives on your

machine.

The wrprog.exe file can be found in the Utility\DOS folder under your Norton product

folder. If you are running under Windows NT and do not have DOS available, you can use

the DOS rescue diskettes you created for your Norton software.

Operating System Errors (over 10,000)

Any number over 10,000 indicates an operating system error. To determine the number of

the operating system error, subtract 10,000. (For example, 10,032 - 10,000 = 32) Consult

your operating system documentation for information about resolving the error.

Exit Code 12

PartitionMagic needs free sectors in track 0 to install the virtual floppy file that applies

operations in boot mode. If PartitionMagic cannot find free sectors in track 0, it returns

this exit code.

If you encounter this error, the following steps should resolve the problem.

Norton PartitionMagic 137

1 Download the head.zip file from

ftp.symantec.com/public/english_us_canada/tools/pq/utilities/ , and unzip it to a

folder on your hard disk.

2Bring up a command prompt, change to the folder where you unzipped the head.zip

file, and type MBRutil /SH=head0.dat.

This creates a backup of the first head (head 0) of your hard drive, which you can

restore if something goes wrong when you run the Wipetrk.exe program. NOTE: The

command to restore the first head is MBRutil /RH=head0.dat.

3At the command line, type Wipetrk.

This clears out everything on your hard drive between bytes 512 and 32255 (the

location of the data that is causing exit code 12).

If this does not resolve your issue, you should run PartitionMagic from rescue diskettes.

139

APPENDIX

C

Service and Support Solutions

The Service & Support Web site at http://service.symantec.com supports Symantec

products. Customer Service helps with nontechnical issues such as orders, upgrades,

replacements, and rebates. Technical Support helps with technical issues such as

installing, configuring, or troubleshooting Symantec products.

Methods of technical support and customer service can vary by region. For information on

support offerings in your region, check the appropriate Web site listed in the sections that

follow.

If you received this product when you purchased your computer, your computer

manufacturer may be responsible for providing your support.

Customer service

The Service & Support Web site at http://service.symantec.com tells you how to:

•Subscribe to Symantec newsletters.

•Locate resellers and consultants in your area.

•Update your product registration.

•Find out about orders, returns, or a rebate status.

•Access Customer Service FAQs.

•Post a question to a Customer Service representative.

•Obtain product information, literature, or trialware.

For upgrade orders, visit the Symantec Store at: http://www.symantecstore.com

Appendix C: Service and Support Solutions140

Technical support

Symantec offers two technical support options for help with installing, configuring, or

troubleshooting Symantec products:

•Online Service and Support

Connect to the Symantec Service & Support Web site at http://service.symantec.com,

select your user type, and then select your product and version. You can access hot

topics, Knowledge Base articles, tutorials, contact options, and more. You can also

post a question to an online Technical Support representative.

•PriorityCare telephone support

This fee-based (in most areas) telephone support is available to all registered

customers. Find the phone number for your product at the Service & Support Web

site. You’ll be led through the online options first, and then to the telephone contact

options.

Support for old and discontinued versions

When Symantec announces that a product will no longer be marketed or sold, telephone

support is discontinued 60 days later. Technical information may still be available through

the Service & Support Web site at: http://service.symantec.com

Subscription policy

If your Symantec product includes virus, firewall, or Web content protection, you may be

entitled to receive updates via LiveUpdate. Subscription length varies by Symantec

product.

After your initial subscription ends, you must renew it before you can update your virus,

firewall, or Web content protection. Without these updates, you will be vulnerable to

attacks.

When you run LiveUpdate near the end of your subscription period, you are prompted to

subscribe for a nominal charge. Simply follow the instructions on the screen.

Norton PartitionMagic 141

Worldwide service and support

Technical support and customer service solutions vary by country. For Symantec and

International Partner locations outside of the United States, contact one of the service and

support offices listed below, or connect to http://service.symantec.com and select your

region under Global Service and Support.

Service and support offices

North America

Symantec Corporation

555 International Way

Springfield, OR 97477

U.S.A.

www.symantec.com/

Australia and New Zealand

Symantec Australia

Level 2, 1 Julius Avenue

North Ryde, NSW 2113

Sydney

Australia

http://www.symantec.com/region/reg_ap/

+61 (2) 8879-1000

Fax: +61 (2) 8879-1001

Europe, Middle East, and Africa

Symantec Authorized Service Center

Postbus 1029

3600 BA Maarssen

The Netherlands

http://www.symantec.com/region/reg_eu/

+353 (1) 811 8032

Latin America

Symantec Brasil

Market Place Tower

Av. Dr. Chucri Zaidan, 920

12° andar

São Paulo - SP

CEP: 04583-904

Brasil, SA

Portuguese:

http://www.service.symantec.com/br

Spanish:

http://www.service.symantec.com/mx

Brazil: +55 (11) 5189-6300

Mexico: +52 55 5322 3681 (Mexico DF)

01 800 711 8443 (Interior)

Argentina: +54 (11) 5382-3800

Appendix C: Service and Support Solutions142

Norton PartitionMagic 143

Numerics

1394 drive support 17

4K aligned, converting FAT/FAT32 partitions to 73

64K clusters 22

use of 67

7.8 GB limit for NTFS system partition 31

A

advanced operations

changing drive letters 62

hide/unhide partition 63

resize root 64

resizing clusters 66

retesting bad sectors 62

set active 65

advanced partition hiding 98

applying changes 19

from wizards 80

Windows vs. boot mode 20

asterisk (*) in partition list, explained 15

automating tasks with wizards 80

B

backing up data files 81

backing up partitions 48

backup partition, creating 81

bad sectors 22

retesting 62

batch error messages 125

boot code boundary 15, 39

boot disks, creating BootMagic 93

boot mode 20

bootable partitions

creating 38

FAT, troubleshooting 115

Linux, troubleshooting 39, 45

NT, troubleshooting 31

booting an OS on a second hard disk 98

BootMagic 89

adding operating systems to menu 96

booting from a second hard disk 98

configuring 94

creating a rescue disk 93

deleting items from menu 97

disabling 99

installing 91

modifying menu item properties 98

online help 94

setting passwords 96

startup delay, setting 99

system requirements 90

troubleshooting 100

using on a system that ony has NTFS partitions 92

bootstrapping 100

browsing partitions 28

C

cancelling changes 19

CD-ROM, assigning a drive letter to 111

changes, applying 19

changing a password 11

changing drive letters 62

check

error messages 124

resolving errors 113

checking disk integrity 28

checking partitions 50

cluster size 58, 68

cluster waste 57

clusters

64K 22

64K, use of 67

FAT, required size 68

resizing 66

size 66

clusters, bad 62

combining partitions 52

command line switches 9

PQBoot 87

completing tasks, general process for 16

compression utilities and PartitionMagic 105

configuring BootMagic 94

context-sensitive help 25

conventional memory, freeing 110

converting 71

FAT or FAT32 partitions to 4K aligned 73

Index

Index144

FAT to FAT32 71

FAT to NTFS 71

FAT32 to FAT 72

NTFS partitions to FAT or FAT32 73

NTFS to FAT or FAT32, limitations 75

primary partitions to logical 76

copying

files within PartitionMagic (File Browser) 28

partitions 48

partitions (wizard) 82

create new partition wizard 80

creating partitions 34

backup 81

bootable 38

drive letter changes resulting from 37

file systems 81

scenarios 42

with wizard 80

creating rescue disks 5

D

data files, backing up 81

data loss, causes of 63, 115, 122, 123, 135

data partition 91

data protection 1

default operating system 98

setting startup delay 99

defragmenting drives 60

deleting all the partitions on a hard disk 17

deleting BootMagic menu items 97

deleting partitions 44

demo of PartitionMagic (Flash tutorial) 8

destroying partitions 44

details, viewing 19

diagnostic reports 117

disabling BootMagic 99

disaster recovery 81

discarding changes 19

from wizards 80

disk access error messages 118

disk compression utilities, DriveSpace 105

Disk Doctor, Norton 104

disk space, determining wasted 57, 68

disk usage 57

disk, selecting 17

Diskeeper 108

disks, dynamic 18

displaying contents of a partition 28

DOS

keyboard doesn’t work the same under 23

mode, applying changes in 20

running PartitionMagic from 8

drive letters

changes to 37

changing under Windows NT 62

problems, caused by changes to 84

remapping with DriveMapper 84

drive overlay programs, compatibility with

PartitionMagic 107

DriveMapper 37, 84

running after merging partitions 82

DriveSpace, compatibility with PartitionMagic 105

Dual Boot, compatibility with PartitionMagic 106

duplicating partitions 48

dynamic disks 18

E

emergency disks

See rescue disks

error messages 117

batch 125

check 124

disk access 118

FAT 134

free space, regarding 124, 131

miscellaneous 117, 120

NTFS-specific 129

OS/2-specific 122, 123, 136

partition table 120

user interaction 126

errors, resolving

check 113

master boot record 114

partition table 114, 115

examples

creating partitions 42

resizing and moving partitions 33

exit code 12 136

extended attributes, errors involving 136

extended characters do not display properly 23

extended partitions 20

extendedx file system 20

F

FAT file system 20

Norton PartitionMagic 145

allow 64K clusters for Windows NT 22

check error messages 134

cluster size, 64K 67

cluster size, changing 66

cluster waste 57

converting from FAT32 72

converting to FAT32 71

converting to NTFS 71

partitions, information about 57

partitions, resizing 32

FAT/FAT32 partitions, converting to 4K aligned 73

FAT16x 20

FAT32 file system 21

partitions, converting to FAT 72

partitions, information about 57

supported by current operating system 22

FAT32x file system 21

FDISK, error messages involving 122, 123

features, new 1

File Browser 28

file systems supported by PartitionMagic 20

file systems, information displayed by wizard 81

files, copying, moving, renaming, or deleting from

within PartitionMagic 28

FireWire support 17

first physical sector 58

folders, creating or deleting 28

formatting partitions 48

free space

displayed 58

error messages involving 124, 131

redistributing, with wizard 82

required to install BootMagic 90

required to move a partition 30

required to resize a partition 32

G

GoBack 107

H

hard disk

formatting 48

geometry 1, 121, 122

SCSI, using PartitionMagic on 112

selecting 17

hard disk, read-only 23

hardware requirements See system requirements

help, context-sensitive 25

help, online 24

hibernating Windows 8

hiding partitions 63

I

index, error in root directory 132

Info 56

cluster waste 57

disk usage 57

partition info 58

installing

BootMagic 91

operating systems 39

operating systems, multiple 65

PartitionMagic, Windows 4

Windows NT, troubleshooting 41

integrity checks, disk 28

integrity checks, partition 50

interface, overview of 14

international keyboards 23

J

Jaz drives 17

K

KEYB.COM 23

keyboards, international 23

L

label 47

large hard disk support 1

last physical sector 58

letters, drive See drive letters

LILO 44

Linux

creating a bootable partition, requirements 38

creating logical partition for, scenario 43

file system 21

installing on a new partition 39

unbootable after creating partition 39, 45

list, partition See partition list

long filenames 64

M

main window

overview 14

rescue disk 15

Index146

status bar 16

master boot record 120, 124

master boot record viruses, removing 114

memory, freeing to run PartitionMagic 110

merging partitions 52

with different NTFS version numbers 113

wizard 82

moving

files within PartitionMagic (File Browser) 28

partitions 29

partitions, bootable 31

partitions, scenarios 33

MS ScanDisk 58

multiple operating systems 81

N

naming a partition 47

new features 1

Norton utilities 104

AntiVirus 105

Disk Doctor 104

SystemWorks 105

NT CheckDisk 58

NTFS

check error messages 129

file system 21

NTFS partitions

checking 9

converting to FAT or FAT32 73

information about 57

minimum size of 33

NTFS version numbers 113

O

online help 24

BootMagic 94

operating system boot utilities

BootMagic 89

Dual Boot 106

PQBoot 85

System Commander 106

operating systems

adding to BootMagic menu 96

creating new partitions for 38

installing 39

installing multiple 65

setting a default with BootMagic 98

supported by BootMagic 91

switching between (PQBoot) 85

operating systems, preparing to run multiple 81

operations

check 50

copy 48

create 34

delete 44

info 56

label 47

move 29

MS ScanDisk 58

NT CheckDisk 58

performing from the rescue disks 15

resize 29

selecting 18

undoing 18

viewing pending 19

operations process overview 16

OS/2

Dual Boot 106

error messages involving 122, 123, 136

FDISK, errors involving 121, 122

overlapping partitions, fixing 122

P

PARTINFO 117

partition info 58

See also PartitionInfo program

partition list

asterisk (*) in, explained 15

status in 15

partition list in main window 15

partition map 14

Partition menu 15

partition table

error messages 120

removing viruses 114

resolving errors 114, 115

partition type 58

PartitionInfo program 115

PartitionMagic

compatibility with other programs 104

PartitionInfo program 115

preferences, setting 21

system requirements 4

uninstalling 11

partitions

active 15

Norton PartitionMagic 147

active, setting 65, 85

applying changes to 19

backing up 48

bootable 38, 65, 85

browsing 28

checking integrity 50

checking NTFS 9

copying 48

creating 34

creating with wizard 80

creating, scenarios 42

data 91

deleting 44, 127

deleting all 17

file systems supported 20

formatting 48, 127

hidden 15

hiding/unhiding 63

information 56

map in main window 14

merging 52

moving 29

moving, scenarios 33

multiple visible primary 63, 106

naming 47

overlapping, fixing 122

PqRP 113

primary, hiding/unhiding 64

resizing 29

resizing limitations 32

resizing, scenarios 33

scanning for errors 58

selecting 17

serial number 58

shredding 44

sizes supported 1

splitting 54

status 15

undeleting 45

using 64K FAT clusters on 22

password protection 10

passwords

changing 11

setting for BootMagic 96

pending changes 19

pending operations, viewing 19

performance, improving by resizing clusters 66

physical disk, selecting 17

physical geometry 58

PQ_DEBUG.TXT file 115

PQBoot 85

command line switches 87

using with multiple visible primary partitions

(Windows NT) 87

PQFLEX partitions 113

PqRP partitions 113

preferences 21

allow 64K FAT clusters for Windows NT 22

set as read-only for PartitionMagic 23

skip bad sector checks 22

system supports FAT32 22

primary partitions

converting to logical 76

hiding/unhiding 64

process overview 16

R

README file 25

read-only, set hard disk as 23

reclaiming wasted space 66

recovering data files 81

redistribute free space wizard 82

reducing the number of partitions 52

remapping drive letters 84

removable media 17

removable media, assigning a drive letter to 111

requirements, system 4

rescue disks

BootMagic 93

contents of 7

creating 5

international keyboards and 23

ran out of space on 9

running from, if hard disk is compressed 129

running PARTINFO from 117

running PartitionMagic from 8

running under Windows 2000 Professional,

Windows XP or Windows Me 8

system requirements 4

resizing clusters 66

resizing operations 29

resizing partitions

limitations 32

partition won’t reboot after resizing 115

scenarios 33

resizing the root directory 64

restoring deleted partitions 45

Index148

retesting bad sectors 62

root directory

index, error in 132

long filenames in 64

resizing 64

running wizards 80

S

ScanDisk 58

scanning for errors 58

scenarios

creating Linux partition 43

creating partitions 42

resizing and moving partitions 33

SCSI hard disk, using PartitionMagic on 112

sectors, bad 119, 127

sectors, retesting bad 62

selecting

operations 18

partitions 17

physical disks 17

set active 65

set hard disks as read-only for PartitionMagic 23

showing contents of a partition 28

shredding partitions 44

skipping bad sector checks 22

software requirements 4

sound card drivers 107

SoundBlaster Live DOS drivers 107

splitting partitions 54

startup delay, setting for BootMagic 99

startup switches 9

startup switches, PQBoot 87

startup, BootMagic menu and 100

status bar 16

support, technical 139

switching between bootable partitions 85

System Commander 106

system requirements

BootMagic 90

PartitionMagic 4

system supports FAT32 22

SystemWorks 105

T

technical support 139

instructional videos 25

total physical sectors 58

troubleshooting 109

BootMagic 100

can’t reboot after resizing the root directory 65

changes entered seem to have disappeared 80

computer won’t boot 5

disk write error on machine with SystemWorks

installed 105

DOS version of PartitionMagic 9

exit codes 136

hid partition where PartitionMagic is installed 8

I undeleted a partition but it’s not the same as it

used to be 46

Linux 39, 45

merging NTFS partitions 113

NTFS features lost when converting to FAT or

FAT32 75

partition unbootable after resizing 115

PartitionMagic crashes in boot-mode 107

rescue disks, ran out of space on disk 1 9

using BootMagic on a system that only has NTFS

partitions 92

Windows NT won’t install 41

workstation is unbootable 31

tutorial 8

tutorials on web site 25

U

unallocated space 21

unallocated space, redistributing 82

undeleting partitions 45

restrictions 46

undo 18

unformatted partitions 21

unhiding partitions 63

uninstalling PartitionMagic 11

unused space 57

unused space, redistributing 82

USB/USB2 support 17

utilities 7

utilities, operating system

AUTOCHK 113

CHKDSK 50, 113

FDISK 122, 123

NT CheckDisk 58

ScanDisk 58, 113

Norton PartitionMagic 149

V

videos 25

View menu 14

virus protection software 106

viruses, removing 114

volumes, naming 47

W

warnings 75

wasted space, reclaiming 66

Windows

check errors, resolving 114

drive letters, changing 84

DriveSpace, using with 105

installing PartitionMagic from 4

running PartitionMagic from 8

Windows 2000, running rescue disks on 8

Windows 95, deleting operating system compression

files 110

Windows Defragmenter 60

Windows Me, hibernating 8

Windows NT

64K FAT clusters 22

changing drive letters 62

CheckDisk 58

creating primary partition for (scenario) 40

error messages, involving 129

installing on a new partition 39

using PQBoot with 87

won’t install 41

wizards

applying or discarding changes 80

copying partitions 82

create new partition 80

install another operating system 81

merging partitions 82

overview 15, 80

redistributing free space 82

running 80

Z

Zip disks 17