Novra Technologies S750100 Digital Satellite Receiver User Manual Novra S50 Receiver
Novra Technologies Inc. Digital Satellite Receiver Novra S50 Receiver
Manual
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| Document ID | 255038 |
| Application ID | piWfMJATzdwsOt268dCZ0A== |
| Document Description | Manual |
| Short Term Confidential | No |
| Permanent Confidential | No |
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| Document Type | User Manual |
| Display Format | Adobe Acrobat PDF - pdf |
| Filesize | 123.38kB (1542310 bits) |
| Date Submitted | 2002-07-09 00:00:00 |
| Date Available | 2002-07-08 00:00:00 |
| Creation Date | 2002-05-27 09:15:50 |
| Producing Software | Acrobat Distiller 4.05 for Windows |
| Document Lastmod | 2002-05-27 09:16:32 |
| Document Title | Novra S50 Receiver, User Manual |
| Document Creator | Microsoft Word 9.0 |
| Document Author: | drothenberger |
novra
TM
Technologies Inc.
Novra S75 Receiver User Manual
Subject to change without notification
S75 directly controls
and powers the LNB.
S75 Receiver
S75 only
OR
receives
L-Band
from an existing
network.
Received
Installatio
Disk
Power
Supply
24 Vdc
(Center
(Cat 5
Crossover
Cable)
Ethernet
Packets to
Control
from PC
THE
RECEIVER
PACKAGE
Note: These Files have been optimized for printing.
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Novra S75 Receiver, User Manual
Subject to change without notification
Document version: 501D
________________________________
Important-
Please read this entire manual before installing or operating this product.
________________________________
Disclaimer
While reasonable effort has been made in the preparation of this document to assure its accuracy, Novra
Technologies Inc. assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions that may appear in this manual. Novra
reserves the right to change the contents of this manual at any time without notice.
Acknowledgements
This product uses parts of the iMatix SFL, Copyright © 1991-2000 iMatix Corporation http://www.imatix.com
This product incorporates the CPSLAPI Version 0.5.1 [Licensed under GNU LGPL V2 (GNU Library General
Public License)]
This product uses parts of the 1.3.0 release of the Common C++ class library which is licensed under the
GNU General Public License with the exception that software linked with the Common C++ and other files to
produce an executable, does not cause the resulting executable to be covered by the GNU General Public
License.
This product includes software developed by the Politecnico di Torino, and its contributors.
Copyright
© 2001 Novra Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
Information in this manual is subject to change without notice. No part of this manual may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form, by photocopy, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any
information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission
of Novra Technologies Inc.
Regulatory Compliance
Novra Technologies Inc. is in the process of gaining FCC certification for this device. This certification is not
currently complete.
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INDEX
Page
1.0
CONVENTIONS
2.0
INTRODUCTION
2.1
3.0
Principle Of Operations
GETTING STARTED
3.1
Your Network Connection, is it Basic or Advanced?
3.11
Basic
3.12
Advanced
3.2
Required Information for Basic Connection
3.3
Required Information for Advanced Connection
4.0
SOFTWARE INSTALLATION on WINDOWS NT 4.0 or 2000
10
5.0
BASIC CONFIGURATION
12
6.0
ADVANCED CONFIGURATION
14
7.0
MANAGEMENT CONSOLE DETAILED DESCRIPTION
17
8.0
7.1
Status Tab
17
7.2
Drop Down Menus
18
SPECIFICATIONS
20
8.1
Receiver Characteristics
20
8.2
Minimum System Requirements
20
8.3
Supplied Equipment
21
APPENDIX
22
Terms, Definitions, and Tidbits of Information
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1.0 CONVENTIONS
NOTE: Information in this box
will be Informative.
CAUTION: This information
will be quite important and
should not be ignored.
This symbol means that there are more notes on this topic located in the Appendix.
This area intentionally left blank
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2.0 INTRODUCTION
2.1
Principles of Operation
Somewhere in the world is a location that transmits your signal, along with many others, up to a
satellite which turns around and transmits those signals back down to your location, and others. Your
satellite dish catches all these signals, and the electronics at the dish converts them all into a group
that travels down the cable to your S75 receiver. The S75 sifts through all the signals sent by the
satellite looking for your signal (a DVB stream) and forwards to your computer the portion containing
the signals you want. Your computer further dissects the signals and converts them into a format that
is usable by other programs on your PC.
The S75 Management Console is used to configure addresses, specify satellite tuning parameters
and select DVB information streams (PIDS). Once configured, the S75 will retain its settings and
continue to forward data transmitted to you by your service provider even after restarting the S75 or
your PC.
The S75 Receiver is meant to run in the background on your PC. In most cases, once the options
have been set you will have no need to change them.
This area intentionally left blank
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3.0 GETTING STARTED
3.1
Your Network Connection, is it Basic or Advanced ?
This step will determine what parts of the manual are relevant to your setup.
3.11 Basic
In this arrangement, someone else has already dealt with the satellite dish issues and distributed the signals
so all that is required of you, is a connection to a
coax cable. This arrangement has no control of the LNB.
S75 Receiver
Received
Installatio
Disk
Power
Supply
24 Vdc
(Center +ve)
(Cat 5
Crossover
Cable)
Ethernet
Packets to
Control
from PC
THE S75
RECEIVER
PACKAGE
If this is your setup, you have a BASIC connection.
Please Proceed to Required
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Information for Basic Connections.
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Your Network Connection, is it Basic or Advanced ?
(Continued)
3.12 Advanced
In this arrangement, the S75 is required to control and power the LNB at the satellite receiver dish.
S50 directly
and powers the
S75 Receiver
Received
Installatio
Disk
Power
Supply
24 Vdc
(Center
(Cat 5
Crossover
Cable)
Ethernet
Packets to
Control
from PC
THE
RECEIVER
PACKAGE
If this is your setup, you have an ADVANCED connection.
CAUTION: Nothing should be inserted between the S75 and the satellite dish except for a
surge suppressor. Cable TV Splitters, TVs, VCRs, and FM receivers are not designed for
connection to this portion of the network. They will not work and if they are connected, even for
a brief moment, they will probably never work again because the power on the coax will destroy
the input of the misplaced unit.
Please Proceed to Required
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Information for Advanced Connections.
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3.2 Required Information for Basic Connections
NOTE: - This information is needed in order for the S75 to function. It is recommended
that all the information be collected before attempting to install the service.
1) The L-Band Frequency
in MHz of the stream you wish to receive.
(Must be between 950 MHz and 2,150 MHz.)
2) The Symbol Rate in Msps.
5.12600,
1.00000
etc.
examples
20.00000,
This is a key component that must be supplied by your content service provider.
3) The channel designations, (Often called PIDs) for the signals you wish to receive.
etc.
examples
872, 1981, 445,
This is a key component that must be supplied by your content service provider.
4) Novra S75 Receiver MAC Address (Found on the sticker on the bottom of the S75.)
example MAC: 12 - 34 - 56 - 78 - 90 - 12
5) The IP Address to be assigned to your Novra S75 Receiver by your network administrator.
example IP Address: 123 . 456 . 789 . 123
This information will need to be entered into the S75 after the software has been installed on your computer.
Please Proceed to Software
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Installation.
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3.3
Required Information for Advanced Connections
NOTE: - This information is needed in order for the S75 to function. It is recommended that
all the information be collected before attempting to install the service. Novra Technologies
Inc. expects those end users who wish to control the LNB with the S75 receiver, already have
at least a rudimentary understanding of satellite technology.
1) The L-Band Frequency
in MHz of the stream you wish to receive.
(Must be between 950 MHz and 2,150 MHz.)
This is the desired frequency to which the S75 is to tune. The range of frequencies can be
from 950 MHz to 2,150 MHz. This range of frequencies is the result of the LNB
conversion of the Satellite Frequencies.
for Ku Band Satellite reception (10.7 to 12.75 GHz);
"Satellite Frequency" - "Local Oscillator" = "L-Band Frequency"
for C Band Satellite reception (3.4 to 4.2 GHz);
"Local Oscillator" - "Satellite Frequency" = "L-Band Frequency"
NOTE: - Note: Local Oscillator Frequency is specific to the LNB Model and is usually
stamped on the Unit or can be found in the LNB Manual. Typical values include 9.75, 10.60,
10.75, 11.00 and 11.25 GHz for the Ku band and 5.15 GHz for the C Band of satellite
frequencies.
(+18 Volts) OR
Horizontal / Left
(+13 Volts)
2) Polarization: Vertical / Right
If the LNB does not have the ability to switch polarizations, choose a value that will provide the most
suitable power supply voltage. In most cases this will be Vertical / Right
√ (+18 Volts).
(Vertical and Horizontal are terms used for Linear Polarized systems.)
(Right and Left are terms used for Circularly Polarized systems.)
3) Will the S75 be controlling a Single Band LNB (Most Common) or a Universal Band / Dual LNB?
(The single band LNB has only one Local Oscillator while the Universal has two Local
Oscillators that can be remotely selected by the S75.)
4) The Symbol Rate in Msps.
5.12600,
1.00000
etc.
examples
20.00000,
This is a key component that must be supplied by your content service provider.
5) The channel designations, (Often called PIDs) for the signals you wish to receive.
examples
872, 1981, 445,
etc.
This is a key component that must be supplied by your content service provider.
6) Novra S75 Receiver MAC Address (Found on the sticker on the bottom of the S75.)
example
12 - 34 - 56 - 78 - 90 - 12
7) The IP Address to be assigned to your Novra S75 Receiver
example
123 . 456 . 789 . 123
This information will need to be entered into the S75 after the software has been installed on your computer.
Please Proceed to Software
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Installation on Windows NT4.0 or 2000.
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4.0 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION ON WINDOWS
NT4.0 OR 2000
NOTE: NOTE: -
You MUST be logged onto the system as Administrator.
Your screen resolution MUST be at least 800 x 600
and at least "16 bit color" to function properly.
1) Place the installation CD that came with the S75 into the CD drive of your PC.
If the installation does not automatically commence after about a minute, initiate the process by
opening the S75 Management Console.exe.
The process begins with -
You will asked to accept the license
agreement. Do so, then click Next.
The process will now step through several windows. Click Next as required.
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Congratulations, Novra S75 Software has been
successfully installed.
Please Proceed to Basic
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Configuration or Advanced Configuration
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5.0 BASIC CONFIGURATION
1) Open the S75 Management Console by selecting it from your desktop.
S50 Management Console
2) The Status Window will open up.
First select the Network tab.
3) Enter your MAC Address here.
(From sticker on bottom of S75
Receiver)
4) Enter your IP Address here.
(If you don't have a preference or suggested
value from your network administrator, try
10.11.12.14)
5) The S75 will send outgoing data to
port 9021 of the PC. This is the default value. However,
a different port value can be entered here.
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6) Next, select the Tuning tab.
7) Enter the Symbol Rate here.
8) Enter the L-Band Frequency here.
Notice that the LNB Power On button
is not selected in this configuration.
And, as a result the Polarization and Band
fields are grayed out.
9) Next select the Content Filter tab.
11) Enter a title for the PID, some examples
are shown in the Available Content list.
12) Enter your PID number here.
13) Use "Insert" to move this PID and title
into the Available Content list.
(The PID will not be shown but is
associated with the title.)
Repeat the last three steps if there are
more PIDs to enter.
14) Next, select from the Available Content List.
15) Move the Title (And associated PID)
into the Selected Content list with
these buttons.
16) Set all of these inputs into the S75 Receiver by selecting "Action" then "Apply" from the drop down menu.
If any values have been left out or entered incorrectly, the S75 will provide an error message and
automatically move to the location of the problem.
Congratulations You have successfully completed the Basic Configuration.
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6.0 ADVANCED CONFIGURATION
1) Open the S75 Management Console by selecting it from your desktop.
S50 Management Console
2) The Status Window will open up.
First select the Network tab.
3) Enter your MAC Address here.
(From sticker on bottom of S75
Receiver)
4) Enter your IP Address here.
(If you don't have a preference or suggested
value from your network administrator, try
10.11.12.14)
5) The S75 will send outgoing data to
port 9021 of the PC. This is the default value. However,
a different port value can be entered here.
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6) Next, select the Tuning tab.
7) Enter the Symbol Rate here.
8) Enter the L-Band Frequency here.
9) Select the LNB Power On button.
Notice that the Polarization and Band
fields are no longer grayed out.
10) Select the Polarization type.
If the LNB does not have the ability
to switch Polarization, select based on the LNB's required power supply voltage. Horizontal will provide a
nominal +18 Volts on the coax while Vertical will supply a nominal +13 Volts. (+18 is most common.)
11) If a Universal / Dual LNB is to be used, the Band (Local Oscillator) can be selected here. But in most
cases, a Single Band LNB is used and Low would be the appropriate setting.
12) Next select the Content Filter tab.
13) Enter a title for the PID, some examples
are shown in the Available Content list.
14) Enter your PID number here.
15) Use "Insert" to move this PID and title
into the Available Content list.
(The PID will not be shown but is
associated with the title.)
Repeat the last three steps if there are
more PIDs to enter.
16) Next, select from the Available Content List.
17) Move the Title (And associated PID) into the Selected Content list with these buttons.
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18) Set all of these inputs into the S75 Receiver
by selecting "Action" then "Apply" from the drop
down menu.
If any values have been left out or
entered incorrectly, the S75 will provide an error
message like this
and automatically move to the location of the problem after the user acknowledges the message.
Congratulations You have successfully completed the Advanced Configuration.
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7.0 MANAGEMENT CONSOLE DETAILED DESCRIPTION
7.1
Status Tab
This is the window that will be first displayed when the Management Console is opened. The values that
were last Applied to the S75 will be displayed in this window. The Network, Tuning and Content Filter tab
entries will not be populated until a specific file is opened.
Set Under "Tuning" tab.
S75 has detected some form
of a signal when Green.
S75 is able to interpret the signal
& lock to it, when green.
Set Under "Tuning" tab.
Only valid when LNB Power On is
selected under the "Tuning" tab.
Viterbi error correction rate.
Automatically determined by
S75.
Bit Error Rate estimate before
correction is applied.
Clear the Uncorrectable Error
Counter.
A continuous counter of Data Errors
that could not be corrected. Must be
manually reset with the "Clear"
button.
IP Address of the PC. Set under
"Network" tab.
Relative signal strength indicator.
MAC Address of the S75 receiver
box. Set under the "Network" tab.
Network, Tuning and Content Filter tabs are described under the Basic and Advanced
Configuration sections.
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7.2
Drop Down Menus
Configuration
File Name
Action > Apply This is the most important command in the drop down menus. Any changes that are
made to the management console will not take affect until this command is executed.
This command causes the S75 to assert the settings that have been provided. All the
settings, under every tab, are checked for validity when this command is asserted. A
message window will notify the user if any of the configuration settings are not
correctly entered.
When all entries are valid and the settings are accepted by the S75, a reply will be
sent back to the Management Console.
Action > Reset This command sends a reset command to the receiver hardware causing it to go
through its complete initialization routine. This will interrupt data reception for up to 30
seconds.
File > New
Version 501D
This command clears all parameter entries in preparation for new values. Using this
command causes the S75 to expect a new File Name to be entered under the File >
Save As menu, but it will not accept the file until all the new parameters, for every
tab, have first been entered. After all the parameters have been entered and a file
name assigned under File > Save As, the new settings can be asserted using the
Action > Apply command.
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File > Open
This command prompts the user to select a configuration from a drop down menu.
Initially, only the system default settings.S75 will be available until the user has had
the opportunity to create other configurations. Opening a configuration does not
cause its settings to be applied. If the user wants these settings to be active, they
must next use the Action > Apply command. In this way the user can examine file
settings without disrupting signal flow.
File > Save
This command saves any changes that have been made to the current configuration
but does NOT apply the new settings to the S75 receiver. (The command Action >
Apply is required to assert the settings.)
File > Save As This command prompts the user to provide a new name for the file that is currently
displayed. The current settings are then saved under the new file name. It does not
change any of the settings.
Deleting Files A specific command for this function is not provided. The user can
remove unwanted files by sending them to the recycle bin.
Help > Help
This command opens the specific help file for the Tab that is currently open.
Additional information and discussions can be found in the User's Manual.
Help > About
This command lists the versions of the S75 Software and Hardware.
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8.0 SPECIFICATIONS
8.1
Receiver Characteristics
Symbol rate:
1-45 Msps
Data rate:
Up to 50 Mbps (including ReedSolomon, 46 Mbps
ReedSolomon removed)
Viterbi decoding:
Auto detected to values of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 and 7/8
Receiving frequency: (L Band)
950-2150 MHz
Tuning search range:
+/- ½ the programmed symbol rate,
to a maximum of +/- 10.0 MHz
Input terminal:
F-type 75 Ohm
Input level: (LBand Frequencies )
950 – 1750 Mhz: -65 to –25 dBm
1750 - 1850 Mhz: -60 to –25 dBm
1850 – 2150 Mhz: -50 to –25 dBm
LNB supply voltage:
None (Disabled) or 13 Vdc / 18 Vdc
LNB control:
22 kHz tone (DiSEqC 1.0)
LNB supply current:
250 mA (Max)
CAUTION: Nothing should be inserted between the S75 and the satellite dish except for a surge
suppressor. Cable TV Splitters, TVs, VCRs, and FM receivers are not designed for connection to
this portion of the network. They will not work and if they are connected, even for a brief
moment, they will probably never work again because the power on the coax will destroy the
input of the misplaced unit.
8.2
Minimum System Requirements
Your computer must operate with any one of the following operating systems to successfully use the
Novra S75 Receiver:
•
Windows 2000, with Service Pack 2
•
Windows NT4.0, with Service Pack 6a
Your computer must have at least the following:
•
Processor: Pentium 566 MHz
•
RAM: 32 MB
•
Free disk space: 40 MB
•
Video: card and driver that support 256 or more colours
•
CD drive (required for software installation only)
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•
Ethernet network interface card (NIC): 100 Mbps (100 BaseT)
NOTE: - The receiver may work with system parameters below those specified but performance
will be lacking.
NOTE: - Your maximum data throughput will be limited by a low speed Ethernet card. i.e.
Don't expect 20 Mbps through a 10 Base T Network Interface Card.
NOTE: -
8.3
Performance will be highly dependant on other applications that your PC is running.
Supplied Equipment
Please confirm you have received all the equipment listed below.
•
Novra S75 Receiver
•
Cross-over cable
•
Power supply (120 Vac to 24 Vdc North America; OR 220 Vac to 24 Vdc European)
•
S75 Receiver Software CD
•
Novra S75 Receiver User Manual (Hard copy or Soft Copy on CD)
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APPENDIX
Terms, Definitions, and Tidbits of Information
Crossover Cable
A crossover cable is a cable that is used to connect two computers by reversing, or
crossing over, the cable pin contacts. This eliminates the need to use a hub when connecting
two PCs. It is also referred to as a "Null Modem" cable.
Coax Cable
Looks like this And is most commonly
used for Cable TV feeds inside a house or apartment. This form of cable allows the high
frequencies of TV, and Satellite type signals to move from one place to another with a
minimal amount signal loss.
DVB
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) is a set of standards that define digital broadcasting using
satellite, cable, and terrestrial infrastructures.
FEC
Forward Error Correction. A system of error control for data transmission where the receiving
device can detect and correct certain errors.
Feed Horn
This is the device that receives the focuses signals from a satellite dish. It collects these
signals and submits them to the next piece of equipment in the network, usually a Low Noise
Block converter which then changes the signals into a better format for transpiration to the
receiver.
Geostationary Orbit The position where a satellite is 35,786 kilometers (22,241 miles) above the equator.
At this distance, the satellite Orbits the earth at the same rate as the earth is turning. This
causes the satellite to appear stationary in relation to an observer on the ground.
IP
Internet Protocol. The network communication protocol used on Ethernet networks and the
Internet.
IP Address
The 32-bit computer address defined by the Internet Protocol. It is usually represented in
dotted decimal notation. Example: 192.168.111.112
L-Band
This range of frequencies is from 950 MHz to 2,150 MHz. It is much lower than those used by
satellites (About 1/10 to 1/6). Satellite frequencies travel well through space and our
atmosphere but do not do well through the cable that comes from the dish on the roof to the
receiver. So. LNBs convert satellite frequencies to the lower, easier to transport, band of
frequencies referred to as the L-Band. It is L-Band frequencies that the S75 receiver tunes to.
LNA
Older systems used a unit called an LNA Low Noise Amplifier. This unit amplifies the RF
frequency and then transmits the signals down a special (Expensive) cable to the reciever.
Note that received signals are not converted to lower frequencies by this unit.
LNBs
LNB stands for a Low Noise Block-converter. This unit receives the signals collected from a
satellite and converts their very high frequencies (12 Giga Hertz, written 12 GHz, which is
actually 12,000,000,000 cycles per second) to a lower and somewhat more usable range. All
LNBs have a Local Oscillator (LO). This number is usually stamped on the LNB but not
always. It may be necessary to check the original specifications that came with the LNB or
use the model number and brand name to search the Internet.
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LNBF
LNBF stands for a Low Noise Block-converter and Feed horn. This is quite a common
arrangement where the Feed Horn focal point that collects reflected signals from the satellite
dish is combined with the low noise block-converter into one package.
LO
Local Oscillator. This is a circuit that creates a tone of a very specific frequency. These units
have many applications in electronics. This important thing to remember is that there is an LO
in the LNB (Low Noise Block-converter) and it is part of the circuit that converts the received
satellite RF Frequencies to the more user friendly L-Band Frequencies. Typical values
include 9.75, 10.60, 10.75, 11.00 and 11.25 GHz for the Ku band and 5.15 GHz for the C
Band of satellite frequencies.
MAC Address The Media Access Control (MAC) address is the unique hardware address for any piece of
electronic equipment attached to a network. The MAC Address for your Novra S75 Receiver
is displayed on a sticker on the bottom of the receiver.
Mbps
Mega bits per second. (Million bits per second)
MBps
Mega Bytes per second. One "Byte" in computer terms is the same as 8 bits. It is often
referred to as a word.
1 MBps = 8 Mbps = 1 million Bytes (Words) per second = 8 million bits per second.
Msps
Mega symbols per second. Suppose you have four symbols, call them A, B, C & D. Let the
Symbol A represent two bits of data with the value 00.
Let B represent two bits of data with the value 01
Let C represent two bits of data with the value 10
Let D represent two bits of data with the value 11 (Or some other data scheme.)
This means that if the signals we are interested in consist of 1.0 Msps (That's 1 Million
symbols per second), and each symbols represents two bits of data, then our signal has a
data rate of 2.0 million bits per second (2.0 Mbps).
The important point to remember is that satellite systems send and receive symbols which
are then converted into data. The S75 takes the resulting data and forwards it to your
computer in bursts called "packets."
Packet
A packet is the unit of data that is routed between an origin and a destination. When any file
is sent from one place to another (the Internet as an example) it is divided into "chunks" of an
efficient size for routing. Each of these packets is separately numbered and includes the
Internet address of the destination.
PID
Packet Identification Code. This code is used by the receiver to sift through the different
packets of the transport stream. The transport stream contains data representing many
different signals. The S75 software running on your PC, uses the PID number to find only
those packets of data that contain the information you have requested. (See RF Frequency.)
Polarization, Circular In layman's terms, a circularly polarized signal corkscrews towards the earth.
(Right / Left)
Unlike linear polarization (described below), where the signal is fixed in an up and down
fashion or a side to side fashion, Circular Polarization causes the signal to rotate. If it were
possible to actually see the incoming signal, it would rotate like the hands on a clock. As with
Linear Polarization, this has two modes of operation. It can either rotate in a clock wise
fashion or counter clockwise. Polarization is very useful because it allows the frequency of a
Right polarized signal to overlap with the same frequencies of a Left polarized signal.
Polarization, Linear
In layman's terms, a linearly polarized signal from a satellite approaches the
(Horizontal /
earth as a wave that goes up and down like the waves on the ocean, or from side to side
Vertical)
like an intoxicated driver on the highway. These two types of waves are classified as being
Vertically or Horizontally polarized. Polarization is very useful because it allows the frequency
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of a Vertically polarized signal to overlap with the same frequencies of a Horizontally
polarized signal.
RAM
Random access memory. Used for short term storage of information requiring quick access
on a computer. Information stored in RAM can be accessed by the computer much faster
than information on the Hard Drive can be accessed.
RF Frequency Each satellite in orbit has several channels that it can use, each with its own RF Frequency.
(Each channel is often referred to as a transponder.) The easiest way to understand them is
to think of your FM radio. There are many channels on the FM dial that one can choose from.
("99.9 FM, All Rock, All the Time") When you input the station number to your FM receiver
you are actually telling it what RF Frequency it should look at. (99.9 FM means that 99.9
Mega Hz is the desired frequency.) But unlike the FM radio where the channel you tune to
only contains one stream of music, a satellite channel contains many individual signals. One
channel can contain Internet data and video and audio and specialized data in any number
of permutations and combinations. The S75 uses the PID numbers that come with each
Internet data, video, audio and specialized data signal to separate them all. (See PID.)
Satellite Signal Hierarchy
1 Satellite has |
10 - 24 Transponders (Channels) each with
dozens of distinct Rf Frequencies each containing
up to a theoretical maximum of 8190 packet streams identified by their individual PIDs.
Subnet
A portion of a network, which may be a physically independent network segment, and which
shares a network address with other portions of the network.
Symbol Rate
See Msps
Transponder
This is the unit on the satellite that receives a signal transmitted from the earth station,
amplifies it, changes its frequency and retransmits it back down to earth. Each radio channel
has its own transponder and a number of transponders on the satellite are used to cover the
allocated frequency band. A typical satellite will have 24 transponders.
Viterbi
"Convolutional encoding with Viterbi decoding is a Forward Error Correction technique that is
particularly suited to a channel in which the transmitted signal is corrupted mainly by additive
white gaussian noise." Further information can be found by searching the Internet or looking
at any of these sites.
http://pw1.netcom.com/~chip.f/Viterbi.html
http://hissa.nist.gov/dads/HTML/viterbiAlgorithm.html
http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/commblks/ref/viterbidecoder.shtml
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