PBE Europe as Axell Wireless 55-1515SERIES 55-151-501 Cell Enhancer User Manual
Axell Wireless 55-151-501 Cell Enhancer
User Manual
800MHz Tetra Repeater
User
Handbook
Handbook Nō.-55-151501HBK Issue No:-A
Date:-22/04/2005 Page:-
1 of 31
800MHz Tetra BDA
User Handbook
For
AFL Inc.
AFL Works Order Nō.: Q112081
AFL product part Nō.: 55-151501
800MHz Tetra Repeater
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Handbook Nō.-55-151501HBK Issue No:-A
Date:-22/04/2005 Page:-
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Table of Contents
AMENDMENT
LIST
RECORD
SHEET ...................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................5
Scope ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Purpose ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Glossary of Terms...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Key to AFL RF Module Drawing Symbols ............................................................................................................. 7
1.
SAFETY
CONSIDERATIONS.........................................................................................................8
1.1
Earthing of Equipment ................................................................................................................................ 8
1.2
Electric Shock Hazard.................................................................................................................................. 8
1.3
RF Radiation Hazard ................................................................................................................................... 9
1.4
Chemical Hazard ........................................................................................................................................ 10
1.5
Emergency Contact Numbers.................................................................................................................... 10
2.
SYSTEM
OVERVIEW....................................................................................................................11
3.
TETRA
BI-DIRECTIONAL
AMPLIFIER ...................................................................................12
3.P
System Photographs ................................................................................................................................... 12
3.1
Description .................................................................................................................................................. 13
3.2
Technical Specification............................................................................................................................... 13
3.3
Mechanical Specification............................................................................................................................ 14
3.4
System Drawings......................................................................................................................................... 15
3.5
Parts Lists.................................................................................................................................................... 16
4.
SUB-UNIT
MODULES....................................................................................................................17
4.1
Bandpass Filters (02-007206)..................................................................................................................... 17
4.1.1
Description ............................................................................................................................................... 17
4.1.2
Technical Specification............................................................................................................................. 17
4.2
¼Watt 0- -30dB Switched Attenuator (10-000701)..................................................................................18
4.2.1
General Application ................................................................................................................................. 18
4.2.2
Switched Attenuators ................................................................................................................................ 18
4.3
Low Noise Amplifier (11-006702).............................................................................................................. 19
4.3.1
Description ............................................................................................................................................... 19
4.3.2
Technical Specification............................................................................................................................. 19
4.3.3
LNA ‘D’ Connector Pin-out details.......................................................................................................... 19
4.4
20W Power Amplifier (12-018002)............................................................................................................ 20
4.4.1
Description ............................................................................................................................................... 20
4.4.2
Technical Specification............................................................................................................................. 20
4.4.3
PA 7-Way Connector Pin-outs.................................................................................................................. 20
4.5
5W Power Amplifier (12-018601).............................................................................................................. 21
4.5.1
Description ............................................................................................................................................... 21
4.5.2
Technical Specification............................................................................................................................. 21
4.4.3
PA 7-Way Connector Pin-outs.................................................................................................................. 21
4.6
Wide Dynamic Range AGC (17-001109, det. & 17-001201, atten.) ....................................................... 22
4.6.1
Description ............................................................................................................................................... 22
4.6.2
Technical Specification............................................................................................................................. 23
4.7
12V Single Relay Board (80-008901) ........................................................................................................ 23
4.7.1
Description ............................................................................................................................................... 23
4.8
15V Switch-Mode PSU (96-300054) .......................................................................................................... 24
4.8.1
Description ............................................................................................................................................... 24
4.8.2
Technical Specification............................................................................................................................. 24
5.
INSTALLATION .............................................................................................................................25
5.1
Initial Installation Record.......................................................................................................................... 25
6.
MAINTENANCE .............................................................................................................................26
6.1
General Procedures .................................................................................................................................... 26
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6.1.1
Fault Finding............................................................................................................................................ 26
6.1.2
Downlink................................................................................................................................................... 27
6.1.3
Uplink ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
6.1.4
Fault repair............................................................................................................................................... 27
6.1.5
Checking service....................................................................................................................................... 28
6.1.6
Service Support......................................................................................................................................... 28
6.2
Tools & Test Equipment ............................................................................................................................ 28
6.3
Care of Modules.......................................................................................................................................... 29
6.3.1
General Comments ................................................................................................................................... 29
6.3.2
Module Removal (LNA’s, general procedure): ........................................................................................ 29
6.3.3
Module Replacement (general): ............................................................................................................... 29
6.3.4
Power Amplifiers ...................................................................................................................................... 29
6.3.5
Low Power Amplifier Replacement .......................................................................................................... 30
6.3.6
Module Transportation: ........................................................................................................................... 30
APPENDIX
A
INITIAL
EQUIPMENT
SET-UP
CALCULATIONS.................................................31
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AMENDMENT LIST RECORD SHEET
Issue
Nō.
Date Incorporated
by
Page No.’s
Amended
Reason for new issue
1 22/04/2005 CMH 1
st
Draft
Document Ref:-55-151501HBK
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INTRODUCTION
Scope
This handbook is for use solely with the equipment identified by the AFL Part Number
shown on the front cover. It is not to be used with any other equipment unless specifically
authorised by Aerial Facilities Limited.
Purpose
The purpose of this handbook is to provide the user/maintainer with sufficient information to
service and repair the equipment to the level agreed. Maintenance and adjustments to any
deeper level must be performed by AFL, normally at the company’s repair facility in
Chesham, England.
This handbook has been prepared in accordance with BS 4884, and AFL’s Quality
procedures, which maintain the company’s registration to BS EN ISO 9001:2000 and to the
R&TTE Directive of the European Parliament. Copies of the relevant certificates and the
company Quality Manual can be supplied on application to the Quality Manager.
This document fulfils the relevant requirements of Article 6 of the R&TTE Directive.
Limitation of Information Notice
This manual is written for the use of technically competent operators/service persons. No
liability is accepted by AFL for use or misuse of this manual, the information contained
therein, or the consequences of any actions resulting from the use of the said information,
including, but not limited to, descriptive, procedural, typographical, arithmetical, or listing
errors.
Furthermore, AFL does not warrant the absolute accuracy of the information contained
within this manual, or it’s completeness, fitness for purpose, or scope.
AFL has a policy of continuous product development and enhancement, and as such,
reserves the right to amend, alter, update and generally change the contents, appearance and
pertinence of this document without notice.
All AFL products carry a twelve month warranty from date of shipment. The warranty is
expressly on a return to base repair or exchange basis and the warranty cover does not extend
to on-site repair or complete unit exchange.
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Glossary of Terms
Repeater or
Cell Enhancer A Radio Frequency (RF) amplifier which can simultaneously
amplify and re-broadcast Mobile Station (MS) and Base
Transceiver Station (BTS) signals.
Band Selective Repeater A Cell Enhancer designed for operation on a range of channels
within a specified frequency band.
Channel Selective
Repeater A Cell Enhancer, designed for operation on specified channel(s)
within a specified frequency band. Channel frequencies may be
factory set or on-site programmable.
BTS Base Transceiver Station
C/NR Carrier-to-Noise Ratio
Downlink (D.L.) RF signals transmitted from the BTS and to the MS
Uplink (U.L.) RF signals transmitted from the MS to the BTS
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
GND Ground
DC Direct Current
AC Alternating Current
ID Identification Number
OIP3 Output Third Order Intercept Point = RF
out
+(C/I)/2
LED Light Emitting Diode
M.S. Mobile Station
N/A Not Applicable
N/C No Connection
NF Noise Figure
RF Radio Frequency
Rx Receiver
Tx Transmitter
S/N Serial Number
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Key to AFL RF Module Drawing Symbols
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1. SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
1.1 Earthing of Equipment
Cell Enhancers supplied from the mains must be connected to grounded outlets and earthed
in conformity with appropriate local, national and international electricity supply and safety
regulations.
1.2 Electric Shock Hazard
Electrical shocks due to faulty mains driven power supplies.
Whilst ever potentially present in any electrical equipment, such a condition would be
minimised by quality installation practice and thorough testing at:
a) Original assembly
b) Commissioning
c) Regular intervals, thereafter.
All test equipment to be in good working order prior to its use. High current power supplies
can be dangerous because of the possibility of substantial arcing. Always switch off during
disconnection and reconnection.
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1.3 RF Radiation Hazard
RF radiation, (especially at UHF frequencies) arising from transmitter outputs connected to
AFL’s equipment, must be considered a safety hazard.
This condition might only occur in the event of cable disconnection, or because a ‘spare’
output has been left unterminated. Either of these conditions would impair the system’s
efficiency. No investigation should be carried out until all RF power sources have been
removed. This would always be a wise precaution, despite the severe mismatch between the
impedance of an N type connector at 50Ω, and that of free space at 377Ω, which would
severely mitigate against the efficient radiation of RF power. Radio frequency burns could
also be a hazard, if any RF power carrying components were to be carelessly touched!
Antenna positions should be chosen to comply with requirements (both local & statutory)
regarding exposure of personnel to RF radiation. When connected to an antenna, the unit is
capable of producing RF field strengths, which may exceed guideline safe values especially if
used with antennas having appreciable gain. In this regard the use of directional antennas with
backscreens and a strict site rule that personnel must remain behind the screen while the RF
power is on, is strongly recommended.
Where the equipment is used near power lines, or in association with temporary masts not
having lightning protection, the use of a safety earth connected to the case-earthing bolt is
strongly advised.
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1.4 Chemical Hazard
Beryllium Oxide, also known as Beryllium Monoxide, or Thermalox™, is sometimes used in
devices within equipment produced by Aerial Facilities Ltd. Beryllium oxide dust can be toxic
if inhaled, leading to chronic respiratory problems. It is harmless if ingested or by contact.
Products that contain beryllium are load terminations (dummy loads) and some power
amplifiers. These products can be identified by a yellow and black “skull and crossbones”
danger symbol (shown above). They are marked as hazardous in line with international
regulations, but pose no threat under normal circumstances. Only if a component containing
beryllium oxide has suffered catastrophic failure, or exploded, will there be any danger of the
formation of dust. Any dust that has been created will be contained within the equipment
module as long as the module remains sealed. For this reason, any module carrying the yellow
and black danger sign should not be opened. If the equipment is suspected of failure, or is at
the end of its life-cycle, it must be returned to Aerial Facilities Ltd for disposal.
To return such equipment, please contact the Quality Department, who will give you a
Returned Materials Authorisation (RMA) number. Please quote this number on the packing
documents, and on all correspondence relating to the shipment.
PolyTetraFluoroEthylene, (P.T.F.E.) and P.T.F.E. Composite Materials
Many modules/components in AFL equipment contain P.T.F.E. as part of the RF insulation
barrier.
This material should never be heated to the point where smoke or fumes are evolved. Any
person feeling drowsy after coming into contact with P.T.F.E. especially dust or fumes should
seek medical attention.
1.5 Emergency Contact Numbers
The AFL Quality Department can be contacted on:
Telephone +44 (0)1494 777000
Fax +44 (0)1494 777002
e-mail qa@aerial.co.uk
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2. SYSTEM OVERVIEW
The AFL Band Selective Cell Enhancer is a 2-way on-band repeater. Various models are
available to cover frequency bands from 50MHz to 3000MHz with power levels up to 100Watts.
Its main sphere of applications is in urban areas where the topology is such that shadows occur in
the propagation pattern (for example within large buildings, conference centres and tunnels, etc.)
The Band Selective Cell Enhancer is a 2-port device for direct connection to two antennas,
usually a highly directional Yagi or similar aligned towards the base (donor) site and an omni-
directional or leaky feeder antenna to cover the mobiles. The frequency bands that are passed by
the Cell Enhancer are set as per the specific customer requirements.
Each active module carries its own volt-free, alarm relay contact interface which may be easily
integrated into any such summary system. A comprehensive range of RS232/422 computer
controlled alarms/monitors for band selective and channelised systems is also available.
AFL manufacture a wide range of Cell Enhancers, configured for each customer's specific
requirements. Two basic physical variants are available, a rack mounted version to fit in a
standard 19" rack and an environmentally sealed wall mounted version which requires no further
enclosure.
The rack-mounted version is usually supplied in 3 units, a power supply unit and 2 RF units (one
containing each path). Each unit has a ‘D.C. on’ indicator on the front panel and the PSU also has
an ‘A.C. on’ indicator.
The wall-mounted version is supplied in a single environmentally-protected case. Handles are
provided for carrying the unit and the door is fitted with locks. A supply isolator switch is fitted
inside the unit and there are D.C. and Alarm on indicators on the outside of the door.
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3. TETRA BI-DIRECTIONAL AMPLIFIER
3.P System Photographs
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3.1 Description
The 800MHz Tetra band selective (no channelisation) tunnel amplifier is directly connected
to an air interface antenna directed towards the base station and a leaky feeder antenna to
cover the mobiles in the tunnel. The downlink power is 20Watts, provided by a single power
amplifier, and the uplink power device is a single 5W amplifier, which is sufficient power for
ample communications with the base station.
Automatic gain control is featured in both paths to prevent overloading of the input stages
should a mobile be operated close to the antennas.
An alarm system is in-built into each amplifier to warn of functionality disorders and this is
output from the system as a summary, volt-free relay contact pair suitable for integration with
any existing loop arrangement.
3.2 Technical Specification
PARAMETER SPECIFICATION
866-894MHz (downlink)
Frequency range: 821-849MHz (uplink)
Bandwidth: 28MHz
Gain: >85dB
Gain Adjustment: 0 - 30dB (in 2dB steps)
Uplink Power: >5.0Watts
Downlink Power: >20.0Watts
+40dBm (downlink)
Third order intercept point: +54dBm (uplink)
+41.5dBm (downlink)
1dB compression point: +35.5dBm (uplink)
Downlink: +40dBm
AGC: Uplink: +34dBm
Noise Figure: <6dB
VSWR: better than 1.5:1
RF Connectors: N type, female
operational: -10°C to +60°C
Temperature range:
storage: -40°C to +70°C
Alarms Fitted:
(volt-free contacts/TTL) 1 Amplifiers
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3.3 Mechanical Specification
PARAMETER SPECIFICATION
Height: 620mm
Width: 420mm
Case size
Depth: 250mm
(excluding heatsinks, connectors, handles and feet)
Fixings: 4 holes on 470(w) x 500(h)mm
operational: -10°C to +60°C
Temperature
Range: storage: -40°C to +70°C
Weight: 40kg (approximately)
RF Connectors: N type female
Environmental Protection: IP65 (with door closed and all ports terminated)
Case: To RAL 7032
Heatsinks: Matt black (where fitted)
Finish:
Handles: Black Technopolymer
Supply Cable: Unit supplied with suitable supply input leads with
connector and appropriate length of cable.
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3.4 System Drawings
30dB
30dB 30dB
30dB
dB
dB
BASE MOBILE
30dB
dB
17-001201
17-001109
AGC
DET
AGC
DET
dB
30dB
12-018002
12-018601 11-006702 11-006702
11-00670211-006702
17-001109
17-00120110-000701
10-000701
02-007206
02-007206
02-007206
02-007206
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3.5 Parts Lists
AFL Part Nō. Part Description Qty.
02-007206 900MHz 8POLE 15-25MHz B/W SMA 6
10-000701 1/4W0-30dB SWITCHED ATTENUATOR 2
11-006702 GA 800-1000MHz LNA 29dB (WITH RELAY 4
12-018002 PA 800-960MHz 20W CLASS A 1
12-018601 POWER AMPLIFIER 900MHz 5W 1
17-000126 CELL ENHANCER LABEL 6 DIGIT 1
17-000526 CE 10/20W HEATSINK THERMAL GASKET 3
17-001109 CE AGC UNIT LOG DET/AMP ASSY (12V) 2
17-001201 C/E AGC UNIT ATTENUATOR ASSY 2
17-001522 BASE PLATE 560 x 345mm 17-001520&9020 1
17-009020 ENCLOSURE 620 x 420 x 250 (3 H/S) ALU 1
80-008901 12V RELAY PCB ASSEMBLY 1
80-031820 20W PA HEATSINK 1
80-032320 10W PA HEATSINK 1
80-310420 BCC 400W POWER SUPPLY HEATSINK 1
90-100003 MAINS LEAD '6 AMP' 1
90-200004 DC I/P LEADS, FREE SOCKET 1
90-400006 ALARM LEADS 1
91-030002 N ADAPTOR PANEL FEMALE:FEMALE 2
91-130001 SMA ADAPT 'T' ALL FEMALE 3 GHz 2
91-500011 PWR 3POLE PNL PLUG SEALED IP68 1
91-500013 PWR 2POLE PNL PLUG SEALED IP68 1
91-500015 PWR CON CAP SEALED with INT. THREAD 3
91-500016 PWR 6POLE PNL PLUG SEALED IP68 1
91-510032 20A SOCKET CONTACT PIN 2
91-600007 'D' 9 WAY BLACK SHELL 5
91-600014 'D' 9 WAY SOCKET S/B (NON FILTERED) 5
91-660001 2W5 MIXED D TYPE SOCKET (7 WAY) 1
96-110047 20A ATO FUSE 1
96-300057 15V 27A PSU 400W (XP BCC) 1
96-500003 AC FILTER 110V 5A 1
96-700034 LED RED 5mm IP67 1
96-700035 LED GREEN 5mm IP67 1
96-900018 AC TRIP SWITCH (5 AMP M.C.B.) 1
97-300010 C/E SUPPLY INPUT COVER 1
97-300011/2 DC BOX 12V ATO TYPE 1 ASSEMBLY 1
97-400010 BLACK PLASTIC HANDLE 50mm HIGH 2
97-900003 RUBBER FOOT 1 1:2' DIA. 4
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4. SUB-UNIT MODULES
4.1 Bandpass Filters (02-007206)
4.1.1 Description
The bandpass filters are multi-section designs with a bandwidth dependent upon the
passband frequencies, (both tuned to customer requirements). The response shape is basically
Chebyshev with a passband design ripple of 0.1dB. The filters are of slot coupled, folded
combline design, and are carefully aligned during manufacture in order to optimise the
insertion loss, VSWR and intermodulation characteristics of the unit. The tuned elements are
silver-plated to reduce surface ohmic losses and maintain a good VSWR figure and 50Ω load
at the input and output ports.
Being passive devices, the bandpass filters should have an extremely long operational life
and require no maintenance. Should a filter be suspect, it is usually most time efficient to
replace the module rather than attempt repair or re-tuning. No adjustments should be
attempted without full network sweep analysis facilities to monitor both insertion loss and
VSWR simultaneously.
4.1.2 Technical Specification
PARAMETER SPECIFICATION
Response Type Chebyshev
Frequency Range: 800 - 950MHz (tuned to spec.)
Bandwidth: 25MHz (tuned to spec.)
Number of Sections: 8
Insertion Loss: 1.2 dB
VSWR: better than 1.2:1
Connectors: SMA female
Power Handling: 100W max
operation: -10°C to +60°C Temperature
range: storage: -20°C to +70°C
Weight: 3 kg (typical)
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4.2 ¼Watt 0- -30dB Switched Attenuator (10-000701)
4.2.1 General Application
In many practical applications for Cell Enhancers etc., the gain in each path is found to be
excessive. Therefore, provision is made within the unit for the setting of attenuation in each
path, to reduce the gain.
4.2.2 Switched Attenuators
The AFL switched attenuators are available in two different types; 0 – 30dB in 2 dB steps (as
in this case), or 0 – 15dB in 1 dB steps. The attenuation is simply set using the four miniature
toggle switches on the top of each unit. Each switch is clearly marked with the attenuation it
provides, and the total attenuation in line is the sum of the values switched in. They are
designed to maintain an accurate 50Ω impedance over their operating frequency at both input
and output.
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4.3 Low Noise Amplifier (11-006702)
4.3.1 Description
The Gallium-Arsenide low noise amplifiers used in the unit are double stage, solid-state
low noise amplifiers. Class A circuitry is used throughout the units to ensure excellent
linearity and extremely low noise over a very wide dynamic range. The active devices are
very moderately rated to provide a long trouble-free working life. There are no
adjustments on these amplifiers, and in the unlikely event of a failure, then the complete
amplifier should be replaced. This amplifier features its own in-built alarm system which
gives a volt-free relay contact type alarm that is easily integrated into the main alarm
system.
4.3.2 Technical Specification
PARAMETER SPECIFICATION
Frequency Range: 800 – 1000MHz
Bandwidth: <200MHz
Gain: 29dB (typical)
1dB Compression Point: 20dBm
OIP3: 33dBm
Input/Output Return Loss: >18dB
Noise Figure: 1.3dB (typical)
Power Consumption: 180mA @ 24V DC
Supply Voltage: 10-24V DC
Connectors: SMA female
operational: -10°C to +60°C
Temperature Range: storage: -20°C to +70°C
Size: 90 x 55 x 30.2mm
Weight: 290gms (approximately)
4.3.3 LNA ‘D’ Connector Pin-out details
Connector pin Signal
1 +Ve input (10-24V)
2 GND
3 Alarm RelayO/P bad
4 Alarm Relay common
5 Alarm Relay good
6 No connection
7 TTL voltage set
8 TTL alarm/0V (good)
9 O/C good/0V bad
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4.4 20W Power Amplifier (12-018002)
4.4.1 Description
This amplifier is a Class A 20W power amplifier from 800-960MHz in a 1 stage balanced
configuration. It demonstrates a very high linearity and a very good input/output return
loss (RL). It has built in a Current Fault Alarm Function.
Its housing is an aluminium case (Alocrom 1200 finish) with SMA connectors for the RF
input/output and a D-Type connector for the power supply and the Current Fault Alarm
Function.
4.4.2 Technical Specification
PARAMETER SPECIFICATION
Frequency range: 800-960MHz
Small signal gain: 30dB
Gain flatness: ±1.2dB
I/O Return loss: >18dB
1dB compression point: 42.8dBm
OIP3: 56dBm
Supply voltage: 24V DC
Supply current: 5.0Amps (Typical)
operational: -10°C to +60°C Temperature
range storage: -20°C to +70°C
Weight: <2kg (no heatsink)
4.4.3 PA 7-Way Connector Pin-outs
Connector Pin Signal
A1 (large pin) +12V DC
A2 (large pin) GND
1 Alarm relay common
2 TTL alarm/0V good
3 Alarm relay contact (bad)
4 Alarm relay contact (good)
5 O/C good/0V bad (TTL)
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4.5 5W Power Amplifier (12-018601)
4.5.1 Description
This amplifier is a Class A 5W power amplifier from 800MHz to 960MHz in a 1 stage
balanced configuration. It demonstrates a very high linearity and a very good input/output
return loss (RL). It has built in a Current Fault Alarm Function.
Its housing is an aluminium case (Alocrom 1200 finish) with SMA connectors for the RF
input/output and a D-Type connector for the power supply and the Current Fault Alarm
Function.
4.5.2 Technical Specification
PARAMETER SPECIFICATION
Frequency range: 800-960MHz
Small signal gain: 30dB
Gain flatness: ±0.5dB
I/O Return loss: >20dB
1dB compression point: +37dBm
OIP3: +52dBm
Supply voltage: 12V DC
Supply current: 2.0Amps (typical)
operational: -10°C to +60°C
Temperature range storage: -20°C to +70°C
Weight: <2kg (no heatsink)
4.4.3 PA 7-Way Connector Pin-outs
Connector Pin Signal
A1 (large pin) +12V DC
A2 (large pin) GND
1 Alarm relay common
2 TTL alarm/0V good
3 Alarm relay contact (bad)
4 Alarm relay contact (good)
5 O/C good/0V bad (TTL)
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4.6 Wide Dynamic Range AGC (17-001109, det. & 17-001201, atten.)
4.6.1 Description
The equipment is fitted with a wide dynamic range Automatic Gain Control (AGC) system.
This is generally fitted in the Uplink path (not usually needed in the downlink path, as the
signal here is at an almost constant level), to avoid overloading the amplifiers (with the
associated performance degradation) should a mobile be operated very close to the unit.
The AFL wide dynamic range Automatic Gain Control system consists of two units, a
detector/amplifier and an attenuator. The logarithmic detector/amplifier unit is inserted in the
RF path on the output of the power amplifier, and the attenuator is situated in the RF path
between the 1st and 2nd stages of amplification.
Normally the attenuator is at minimum attenuation. The detector/amplifier unit monitors the
RF level being delivered by the power amplifier, and when a certain threshold is reached it
begins to increase the value of the attenuator to limit the RF output to the (factory set)
threshold. Therefore overloading of the power amplifier is avoided.
The factory set threshold is 1dB below the Enhancer 1dB compression point. Some
adjustment of this AGC threshold level is possible, a 10dB range is mostly achieved. It is not
recommended under any circumstances to adjust the AGC threshold to a level greater than
the 1dB compression point as system degradation will occur.
The detector comprises of a 50Ω transmission line with a resistive tap which samples a small
portion of the mainline power. The sampled signal is amplified and fed to a conventional half
wave diode rectifier, the output of which is a DC voltage proportional to the RF input signal.
This DC voltage is passed via an inverting DC amplifier with integrating characteristics, to
the output, which drives the attenuation control line of the corresponding AGC attenuator.
This unit is fitted at some earlier point in the RF circuit.
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For small signals, below AGC onset, the output control line will be close to 12V and the
AGC attenuator will have minimum attenuation. As the signal level increases the control line
voltage will fall, increasing the attenuator value and keeping the system output level at a
constant value.
The AGC onset level is adjusted by the choice of sampler resistor R1 and by the setting of
potentiometer VR1, (factory set @ time of system test) do not adjust unless able to monitor
subsequent RF levels.
The attenuator comprises a 50Ω P.I.N diode, voltage-variable attenuator with a range of 3 to
30dB. The attenuation is controlled by a DC voltage which is derived from the associated
AGC detector unit.
4.6.2 Technical Specification
PARAMETER SPECIFICATION
Frequency Range: up to 1000MHz
Attenuation Range: 3 to 30dB
Attenuation Steps: continuously variable
VSWR: better than 1.2:1
RF Connectors: SMA female
attenuator: 1W
Power Handling: detector/amp: >30W (or as required)
operation: -10°C to +60°C
Temperature Range: storage: -20°C to +70°C
attenuator pcb 50 x 42 x 21mm
Size: detector/amp pcb 54 x 42 x 21mm
attenuator: 90gm
Weight: detector/amp: 100gm
4.7 12V Single Relay Board (80-008901)
4.7.1 Description
The General Purpose Relay Board allows the inversion of signals and the isolation of
circuits. It is equipped with a single dual pole change-over relay RL1, with completely
isolated wiring, accessed via a 15 way in-line connector.
The relay is provided with polarity protection diodes and diodes for suppressing the
transients caused by "flywheel effect" which can destroy switching transistors or induce
spikes on neighbouring circuits. It’s common use is to amalgamate all the alarm signals
into one, volts-free relay contact pair for the main alarm system.
Note that the board is available for different voltages (12 or 24V) depending on the type
of relay fitted at RL1.
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4.8 15V Switch-Mode PSU (96-300054)
4.8.1 Description
The power supply unit is a switched-mode type capable of supplying 15V DC at 27Amps
continuously. The amplifiers in this unit will draw approximately 17-18Amps at 12V DC,
so the PSU will be used conservatively ensuring a long operational lifetime.
No routine maintenance of the PSU is required. If a fault is suspected, then the output
voltage from the power supply may be measured on its output terminals. This is typically
set to 12.2V. The adjustment potentiometer will be found close to the DC output
terminals.
All the PSU’s used in AFL Cell Enhancers are capable of operation from either 110 or
220V nominal AC supplies. The line voltage is sensed automatically, so no adjustment or
link setting is needed by the operator.
4.8.2 Technical Specification
AC Input Supply:
110 or 220V nominal
Voltage: 90 to 132 or 180 to 264V
(absolute limits)
Frequency: 47 to 63Hz
DC Output Supply:
15V DC (nominal)
Voltage: 12.5-17V (absolute limits)
Current: 27.0A
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5. INSTALLATION
5.1 Initial Installation Record
When this equipment is initially commissioned, please use the equipment set-up record sheet
in Appendix A. This will help both the installation personnel and AFL should these figures
be needed for future reference or diagnosis.
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6. MAINTENANCE
6.1 General Procedures
6.1.1 Fault Finding
In the event that the performance of the system is suspect, a methodical and logical approach
to the problem will reveal the cause of the difficulty. The System consists of modules within
a wall mounted, environmentally protected enclosure
Transmissions from the main base stations are passed though the system to the mobile radio
equipment; this could be a handheld radio or a transceiver in a vehicle. This path is referred
to as the downlink. The return signal path from the mobile radio equipment to the base
station is referred to as the uplink.
The first operation is to check the alarms of each of the active units and determine that the
power supplies to the equipment are connected and active.
This can be achieved remotely (via CEMS, the RS232 Coverage Enhancement Management
System, if fitted), or locally with the front panel LED’s. The green LED on the front panel
should be illuminated, while the red alarm indicator should be off.
If an Alarm is on, then that individual shelf must be removed and individually tested against
the original test specification.
The individual amplifier units within the shelf have a green LED showing through a hole in
their piggy-back alarm board, which is illuminated if the unit is working correctly.
If an amplifier is suspect, check the DC power supply to the unit. If no other fault is apparent
use a spectrum analyser to measure the incoming signal level at the input and then after
reconnecting the amplifier input, measure the output level. Consult with the system diagram
to determine the expected gain and compare result.
In the event that there are no alarms on and all units appear to be functioning it will be
necessary to test the system in a systematic manner to confirm correct operation.
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6.1.2 Downlink
Confirm that there is a signal at the expected frequency and strength from the base station. If
this is not present then the fault may lay outside the system. To confirm this, inject a
downlink frequency signal from a known source at the master site BTS input and check for
output at the remote site feeder output.
If a signal is not received at the output it will be necessary to follow the downlink path
through the system to find a point at which the signal is lost. The expected downlink output
for the given input can be found in the end-to-end test specification.
6.1.3 Uplink
Testing the uplink involves a similar procedure to the downlink except that the frequencies
used are those transmitted by the mobile equipment.
6.1.4 Fault repair
Once a faulty component has been identified, a decision must be made on the appropriate
course to carry out a repair. A competent engineer can quickly remedy typical faults such as
faulty connections or cables. The exceptions to this are cable assemblies connecting
bandpass filter assemblies that are manufactured to critical lengths to maintain a 50-ohm
system. Care should be taken when replacing cables or connectors to ensure that items are of
the correct specification. The repair of component modules such as amplifiers and bandpass
filters will not usually be possible in the field, as they frequently require specialist
knowledge and test equipment to ensure correct operation. It is recommended that items of
this type are replaced with a spare unit and the faulty unit returned to AFL for repair.
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6.1.5 Checking service
Following the repair of any part of the system it is recommended that a full end-to-end test is
carried out in accordance with the test specification and that the coverage is checked by
survey.
It is important to bear in mind that the system includes a radiating cable network and base
stations that may be faulty or may have been damaged.
6.1.6 Service Support
Advice and assistance with maintaining and servicing this system are available by contacting
Aerial Facilities Ltd.
6.2 Tools & Test Equipment
The minimum tools and test equipment needed to successfully service this AFL product are
as follows:-
Spectrum analyser: 100kHz to 2GHz (Dynamic range = 90dB).
Signal Generator: 30MHz to 2GHz (-120dBm to 0dBm o/p level).
Attenuator: 20dB, 10W, DC-2GHz, (N male – N female).
Test Antenna: Yagi or dipole for operating frequency.
Digital multi-meter: Universal Volt-Ohm-Amp meter.
Test cable x 2: N male – N male, 2M long RG214.
Test cable x 2: SMA male – N male, 1m long RG223.
Hand tools: Philips #1&2 tip screwdriver.
3mm flat bladed screwdriver.
SMA spanner and torque setter.
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6.3 Care of Modules
6.3.1 General Comments
Many of the active modules contain semiconductor devices utilising MOS technology, which
can be damaged by electrostatic discharge. Correct handling of such modules is mandatory to
ensure their long-term reliability.
To prevent damage to a module, it must be withdrawn/inserted with care. The module may
have connectors on its underside, which might not be visible to the service operative.
6.3.2 Module Removal (LNA’s, general procedure):
The following general instructions should be followed to remove a module:
1 Remove power to the unit
2 Remove all visible connectors (RF, DC & alarm)
3 Release module retaining screws.
4 Slowly but firmly, pull the module straight out of its position. Take care not to twist/turn
the module during withdrawal. (When the module is loose, care may be needed, as there
may be concealed connections underneath).
6.3.3 Module Replacement (general):
1 Carefully align the module into its location then slowly push the module directly straight
into its position, taking care not to twist/turn it during insertion.
2 Reconnect all connectors, RF, alarm, power etc.,(concealed connectors may have to be
connected first).
3 Replace retaining screws (if any).
4 Double-check all connections before applying power.
6.3.4 Power Amplifiers
1) Remove power to the unit. (Switch off @ mains/battery, or remove DC in connector)
2) Remove alarm wires from alarm screw terminal block or disconnect multi-way alarm
connector.
3) Carefully disconnect the RF input and output coaxial connectors (usually SMA)
If alarm board removal is not required, go to step 5.
4) There is (usually) a plate attached to the alarm board which fixes it to the amplifier,
remove its retaining screws and the alarm board can be withdrawn from the amplifier in
its entirety. On certain types of amplifier the alarm board is not mounted on a dedicated
mounting plate; in this case it will have to firstly be removed by unscrewing it from the
mounting pillars, in most cases, the pillars will not have not have to be removed before
lifting the amplifier.
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5) If the amplifier to be removed has a heatsink attached, there may be several different ways
it can have been assembled. The most commonly used method, is screws through the front
of the heatsink to threaded screw holes (or nuts and bolts), into the amplifier within the
main case. If the heatsink is mounted on the rear of the main case (e.g., against a wall in
the case of wall mounted enclosures), then the fixing method for the heatsink will be from
within the case, (otherwise the enclosure would have to be removed from the wall in order
to remove the heatsink).
When the heatsink has been removed, the amplifier may be unscrewed from the main
casing by its four corner fixings and gently withdrawn.
Fitting a new power amplifier module will be the exact reverse of the above.
Note: Do not forget to apply fresh heatsink compound to the heatsink/main case
joint and also between the amplifier and the main case.
6.3.5 Low Power Amplifier Replacement
1 Disconnect the mains power supply and disconnect the 24V dc supply connector for the
LPA.
2 Disconnect the RF input and output cables from the LPA.
3 Disconnect the alarm connector.
4 Remove the alarm monitoring wires from (D type connector) pins 9 and 10.
5 Remove the LPA module by removing the four retaining screws, replace with a new LPA
module and secure it with the screws.
6 Connect the RF cables to the LPA input and output connectors. Reconnect the wires to
the alarm board connector pins 9 and 10.
7 Reconnect the DC supply connector and turn the mains switch on.
Note: Tighten SMA connectors using only a dedicated SMA torque spanner. If SMA
connectors are over-tightened, irreparable damage will occur. . Do not use adjustable
pliers to loosen/tighten SMA connectors.
Also take care not to drop or knock the module as this can damage (or misalign in the
case of tuned passive modules) sensitive internal components. Always store the modules
in an environmentally friendly location
6.3.6 Module Transportation:
To maintain the operation, performance and reliability of any module it must be stored and
transported correctly. Any module not installed in a whole system must be kept in an anti-
static bag or container. These bags or containers are normally identified by being pink or
black, and are often marked with an ESD label. Any module sent back to AFL for
investigation/repair must be so protected. Please contact AFL’s quality department before
returning a module.
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APPENDIX A INITIAL EQUIPMENT SET-UP CALCULATIONS
GENERAL INFORMATION
Site Name: Client Name:
Date: AFL Equip. Model Nō.
ANTENNA SYSTEMS
Model Gain Azimuth Comments
A - Service Antenna
B – Donor Antenna
Type Loss Length Comments
C – Service Feeder
D – Donor Feeder
INITIAL PARAMETERS
E – CE Output Power dBm
F – Antenna Isolation dB
G – Input signal level from donor BTS dBm
Operating Voltage V
DOWNLINK CALCULATIONS
Parameter Comments Value
Input signal level (G) dBm
CE max. o/p power (E) dBm
Gain setting E - G dB
Isolation required (Gain + 10dB) dB
Service antenna gain (A) dB
Service antenna feeder loss (C) dB
Effective radiated power (ERP) E+A-C dBm
Attenuator setting CE gain-gain setting dB
If the input signal level in the uplink path is known and steady, use the following calculation
table to determine the gain setting. If the CE features Automatic Gain Control the attenuator
should be set to zero and if not, then the attenuation setting for both uplink and downlink
should be similar.
UPLINK CALCULATIONS
Parameter Comments Value
Input signal level dBm
CE max. o/p power (E) dBm
Gain setting dB
Required isolation dB
Donor antenna gain (B) dB
Donor antenna feeder loss (D) dB
Effective radiated power (ERP)
E+B-D
dBm
Attenuator setting (CE gain-gain setting) dB