MU MIMO Overview And Setup 80 Y8113 11 Guide

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Scope: QCA61x4A, QCA65x4, QCA937x, WCN3680, WCN39xx

MU-MIMO Overview and Test Setup

Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
80-Y8113-11 Rev. G

Confidential and Proprietary – Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
NO PUBLIC DISCLOSURE PERMITTED: Please report postings of this document on public
servers or websites to: DocCtrlAgent@qualcomm.com.
Restricted Distribution: Not to be distributed to anyone who is not an employee of either
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. or its affiliated companies without the express approval of
Qualcomm Configuration Management.

Confidential and Proprietary – Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
NO PUBLIC DISCLOSURE PERMITTED: Please report postings of this document on public servers or websites to: DocCtrlAgent@qualcomm.com.
Restricted Distribution: Not to be distributed to anyone who is not an employee of either Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. or its affiliated companies without the express approval of Qualcomm Configuration
Management.
Not to be used, copied, reproduced, or modified in whole or in part, nor its contents revealed in any manner to others without the express written permission of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Qualcomm is a trademark of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. Other product and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
This technical data may be subject to U.S. and international export, re-export, or transfer (“export”) laws. Diversion contrary to U.S. and international law is strictly prohibited.
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
5775 Morehouse Drive
San Diego, CA 92121
U.S.A.
© 2014-2017 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved.

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Revision History
Revision

Date

Description

A

October 2014

B

April 2015

C

August 2015

D

September 2015

Changed document title and added scope. Added section title for test setup and modified slide set.

E

November 2015

Deleted slide 13, MU-MIMO configuration. Added slide for “MU-MIMO capability on association request (client
side)”. On “MU gain in controlled environment” (slide 20), deleted MU-MIMO disabled/enabled columns in table.

F

August 2016

G

February 2017

Initial release
Updated document title. No change to content
Updated slides 13,14,18 and 19

Added WCN39xx in scope
Modified tables on slides 17 and 18

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Agenda
MU-MIMO Overview

5

MU-MIMO overview for WCN39xx

6

Beamforming overview

7

Benefits of MU-MIMO (vs. single-user)

8

802.11ac IEEE vs. current vs. Release 2 features

9

MU-MIMO high-level architecture

10

MU-MIMO high-level design

11

Feature interaction

12

Test Setup

13

Test topology

14

Test procedure

15

MU-MIMO capability on beacon (AP side)

16

MU-MIMO capability on association request (client side)

17

iPerf commands used for WCN3680 throughput tests

18

iPerf commands used only for QCA61x4A/QCA65x4/QCA937x throughput tests

19

IxChariot setup

20

MU gain in controlled environment

21

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MU-MIMO Overview

Section 1

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MU-MIMO overview
• Multiple-input and Multiple-output (MIMO): A system that uses multiple antennas at both
the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance
• SU-MIMO: Process of transmitting one or more streams to one user at-a-time
• MU-MIMO: Process of transmitting one or more streams to more than one user at-a-time in
the same set of frequency

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Beamforming overview
Explicit Beamforming
measure

Multi-User Beamforming (for MU-MIMO)

Legacy/Implicit Beamforming

measure

measure

measure
UL

AP
AP
• STA estimates channel and informs AP
• AP performs TxBF

Signal

• All STAs in the group estimate channels and inform AP
• AP performs Resource Allocation (Grouping, Rate Control) and TxBF

DLMulti-User MIMO

Single-User TxBF

DL TxBF

AP

AP

• AP estimates channel
• AP performs TxBF

Single-User TxBF

measure

Null
Null
Signal

DL TxBF
Signal

AP
AP

MU-MIMO for
three STAs in group

AP
• Requires beamforming in client
• Optimized TxBF to 802.11ac
client
• Potential improved mid-range
performance for 802.11ac clients

• Does not require 802.11ac beamforming
• Potential improved mid-range
performance for legacy and 802.11ac
clients
• Requires high-precision beamforming
• Interference between clients limits grouping
• Requires complex resource allocation

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Benefits of MU-MIMO (vs. single-user)
• Supports multiple clients at the same time that improves overall DL throughput per
client

• With 2 to 3 times greater efficiency for MU clients, the network has more time or
capacity to serve other clients. This is required for enterprise network

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802.11ac IEEE vs. current vs. Release 2 features

IEEE 802.11ac
Features

802.11ac Release 1

Mandatory:
80 MHz
1ss client/mobile AP
2ss AP
Optional:
160 MHz, TxBF, MU-MIMO
STBC, LDPC

Mandatory:
80 MHz
1ss client/mobile AP
2ss AP
Optional:
3ss
TxBF
STBC, LDPC

802.11ac Release 2

Launch: June 2013
Mandatory:
Short GI
Optional:
4ss
MU-MIMO
160 MHz

Confidential and Proprietary – Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. | MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION | 80-Y8113-11 Rev. G

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MU-MIMO high-level architecture

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10

MU-MIMO high-level design

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Feature interaction
S. No.

Feature interacting

Behavior

1

P2P

MU-MIMO is not supported in GO mode. The support exists in CLI mode if
GO supports it.

2

Wi-Fi and BT co-existence

Bluetooth (BT) does not know if AP is using DL-MIMO. Therefore, there is
no change in the behavior.

3

SAP mode

MU-MIMO is not supported in SAP mode because the device has a single
antenna.

• Note: From MAC software perspective, there should not be much impact on the existing
features. The MU-MIMO feature receives MU streams by decoding GID and user position
from the PLCP header, which is performed by PHY/MAC hardware.

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Test Setup

Section 2

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Test topology
STA 1
MU-MIMO
AP

STA 2
Gigabit
Ethernet
Control PC

STA 3

• Use a MU-MIMO AP (for example, Linksys EA8500) with the latest image
Note: Use the latest image on AP.
• A control PC for the AP supports Gigabit Ethernet, either iperf or licensed IxChariot
• All STAs (support either 1x1 or 2x2) have iperf or IxChariot endpoint environment
Note: Download the iPerf or IxChariot application from Playstore
• Maintain 1 or 3 m away from AP to all STAs, and 1 m away between STAs

• AP and STAs are placed in isolated chambers or an open environment

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Test procedure
1. Enable AP with 5 GHz, 80 MHz, and WPA2 (open) security.
2. Make sure MU-MIMO is enabled on AP and STAs by default.
3. Associate STAs with AP.
4. Run UDP DL and TCP DL peak TPUT between AP to STAs, simultaneously, on all STAs.
5. Capture the throughputs on the STAs (Rx).
6. Aggregate the throughput observed on all the STAs.
7. Compare the results with MU-MIMO disabled.
• Disable MU-MIMO mode from AP (or STA).

• MU-MIMO gain = (MU-MIMO-enabled throughput)/(MU-MIMO disabled throughput).

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15

MU-MIMO capability on beacon (AP side)

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16

MU-MIMO capability on association request (client side)

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iPerf commands used for WCN3680 throughput tests
Clients
Mode
VHT80

Spatial stream
1SS + 1SS

1SS + 1SS +
1SS
VHT40

1SS + 1SS

1SS + 1SS +
1SS
VHT20

1SS + 1SS

1SS + 1SS +
1SS

Protocol

iPerf commands (server) for AP

iPerf commands (client) for
STA

UDP

iperf –c  -u –i 1 –f m –w 2M –t 300 –b
350M

iperf –s -u –i 1 –f m –w 2M

TCP

iperf –c  –i 1 –f m –w 2M –t 300 –P 5

iperf –s –i 1 –f m –w 2M

UDP

iperf –c  -u –i 1 –f m –w 2M –t 300 –b
320M

iperf –s -u –i 1 –f m –w 2M

TCP

iperf –c  –i 1 –f m –w 2M –t 300 –P 5

iperf –s –i 1 –f m –w 2M

UDP

iperf –c  -u –i 1 –f m –w 512k –t 300 –b
200M

iperf –s -u –i 1 –f m –w 2M

TCP

iperf –c  –i 1 –f m –w 512k –t 300 –P 5

iperf –s –i 1 –f m –w 2M

UDP

iperf –c  -u –i 1 –f m –w 512k –t 300 –b
200M

iperf –s -u –i 1 –f m –w 2M

TCP

iperf –c  –i 1 –f m –w 512k –t 300 –P 5

iperf –s –i 1 –f m –w 2M

UDP

iperf –c  -u –i 1 –f m –w 512k –t 300 –b
70M

iperf –s -u –i 1 –f m –w 2M

TCP

iperf –c  –i 1 –f m –w 512k –t 300 –P 5

iperf –s –i 1 –f m –w 2M

UDP

iperf –c  -u –i 1 –f m –w 512k –t 300 –b
70M

iperf –s -u –i 1 –f m –w 2M

TCP

iperf –c  –i 1 –f m –w 512k –t 300 –P 5

iperf –s –i 1 –f m –w 2M

Confidential and Proprietary – Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. | MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION | 80-Y8113-11 Rev. G

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iPerf commands used only for QCA61x4A/QCA65x4/QCA937x
throughput tests
Mode

Clients
Spatial stream

VHT80

2SS + 2SS

2SS + 2SS + 2SS

VHT40

2SS + 2SS

2SS + 2SS + 2SS

VHT20

2SS + 2SS

2SS + 2SS + 2SS

Protocol

iPerf commands (server) for AP

iPerf commands (client) for
STA

UDP

iperf –c  -u –i 1 –f m –w 2M –t 300 –b
350M

iperf –s -u –i 1 –f m –w 3M

TCP

iperf –c  –i 1 –f m –w 2M –t 300 –P 5

iperf –s –i 1 –f m –w 3M

UDP

iperf –c  -u –i 1 –f m –w 2M –t 300 –b
320M

iperf –s -u –i 1 –f m –w 3M

TCP

iperf –c  –i 1 –f m –w 2M –t 300 –P 5

iperf –s –i 1 –f m –w 3M

UDP

iperf –c  -u –i 1 –f m –w 512k –t 300 –b
200M

iperf –s -u –i 1 –f m –w 3M

TCP

iperf –c  –i 1 –f m –w 512k –t 300 –P 5

iperf –s –i 1 –f m –w 3M

UDP

iperf –c  -u –i 1 –f m –w 512k –t 300 –b
200M

iperf –s -u –i 1 –f m –w 3M

TCP

iperf –c  –i 1 –f m –w 512k –t 300 –P 5

iperf –s –i 1 –f m –w 3M

UDP

iperf –c  -u –i 1 –f m –w 512k –t 300 –b
70M

iperf –s -u –i 1 –f m –w 3M

TCP

iperf –c  –i 1 –f m –w 512k –t 300 –P 5

iperf –s –i 1 –f m –w 3M

UDP

iperf –c  -u –i 1 –f m –w 512k –t 300 –b
70M

iperf –s -u –i 1 –f m –w 3M

TCP

iperf –c  –i 1 –f m –w 512k –t 300 –P 5

iperf –s –i 1 –f m –w 3M

Confidential and Proprietary – Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. | MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION | 80-Y8113-11 Rev. G

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IxChariot setup
1. Install the latest licensed IxChariot and UDP Rx only due to Chariot scripts issue on TCP.
2. Make 10 pairs per STA, approximately.

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MU gain in controlled environment
• 70 to 80% of lower performance is expected in an open environment while using
different AP
Mode
VHT80

Scenarios
1SS + 1SS
1SS + 1SS + 1SS
2SS + 1SS
2SS + 2SS
2SS + 2SS + 2SS

Protocol

MU-MIMO gain

UDP

1.74

TCP

1.72

UDP

2.43

TCP

2.32

UDP

1.71

TCP

1.70

UDP

1.29

TCP

1.23

UDP

1.21

TCP

1.14

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Thank You

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