HP LoadRunner User Guide Load Runner V12.50

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LoadRunner
Software Version: 12.50

User Guide

Document Release Date: August 2015
Software Release Date: August 2015

User Guide
LoadRunner

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

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User Guide

Legal Notices
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HP LoadRunner (12.50)

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HP Software Solutions & Integrations and Best Practices
Visit HP Software Solutions Now at https://h20230.www2.hp.com/sc/solutions/index.jsp to explore how the products
in the HP Software catalog work together, exchange information, and solve business needs.
Visit the Cross Portfolio Best Practices Library at https://hpln.hp.com/group/best-practices-hpsw to access a wide
variety of best practice documents and materials.

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

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Contents
LoadRunner
Welcome to the LoadRunner User Guide
What's New in LoadRunner 12.50
Highlights

VuGen

1
42
42
42

48

Introducing VuGen

48

Vusers

49

Vuser Types

50

Keyboard Shortcuts

51

User Interface

54

VuGen Workspace

54

Restoring the layout defaults

58

How to Modify the VuGen Layout

58

Solution Explorer Pane

60

Step Navigator Pane

67

Editor Pane

69

Supported Programming Languages

70

Code Completion and Tooltips

70

Code-Coloring

71

Script Folding

72

Community Search

72

Steps Toolbox Pane

74

Bookmarks Pane

76

Snapshot Pane

77

Thumbnail Explorer

85

Errors Pane

87

Tasks Pane

88

Task Editor

89

Output Pane

90

Breakpoints Pane

92

Call Stack Pane

94

Watch Pane

95

Runtime Data Pane

96

.NET Recording Filter Pane

97

Create a New Filter Dialog Box [.NET Protocol]

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Add Reference Dialog Box [.NET Protocol]

101

Options Dialog Box

101

General Options

102

Editor Options

105

Scripting Options

111

Search and Replace Dialog Boxes

118

Business Process Report Dialog Box

120

Replay Summary Pane

123

VuGen Workflow
Creating or Opening Vuser Scripts

127
127

Creating Vuser Scripts - Overview

127

How to Create and Open Vuser Scripts

128

How to Compare Scripts Side by Side

129

Working with Application Lifecycle Management

129

Managing Scripts Using ALM - Overview

129

How to Connect to ALM

129

ALM Version Control - Overview

130

How to Work with Scripts in ALM Projects

130

How to Work with Version Controlled Scripts in ALM Projects

131

How to Save VuGen Vuser Scripts to ALM Projects

132

How to Compare Previous Versions of a Script

133

HP ALM Connection Dialog Box [VuGen]

133

Multiple Protocol Scripts

135

Script Directory Files

136

Create a New Script Dialog Box

136

How to Work with .zip Files

138

How to Create and Open Vuser Script Templates

139

Vuser Script Templates

140

Recording

140

Recording - Overview

140

Vuser Script Sections

141

How to Record a Vuser Script

144

How to Create a Business Process Report

145

Recording Options

146

Citrix > Configuration Recording Options

146

Citrix > Code Generation Recording Options

147

Citrix > Login Recording Options

147

ICA File Structure

149

Citrix > Recorder - Recording Options

150

COM/DCOM > Filter Recording Options

151

COM/DCOM > Options Recording Options

152

Correlations > Configuration Recording Options

153

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Correlations > Rules Recording Options

155

Advanced Correlation Properties Dialog Box

158

Token Substitution Testpad Dialog Box

159

Database > Database Recording Options

159

Database > Advanced Recording Options Dialog Box

160

Data Format Extension > Chain Configuration Recording Options

161

Add Prefix/Postfix to Chain Dialog Box

162

Add Data Format Extension

163

Data Format Extension > Code Generation Recording Options

165

Flex > RTMP Recording Options

166

Flex > Configuration Recording Options

167

Flex > Externalizable Objects Recording Options

167

General > Code Generation Recording Options

168

General > Protocol Recording Options

169

General > Recording - Recording Options

169

Advanced URL Dialog Box

170

Advanced HTML Dialog Box

171

General > Script Recording Options

172

GUI Properties > Web Event Configuration Recording Options

175

Custom Web Event Recording Configuration Dialog Box

175

GUI Properties > Advanced Recording Options

177

HTTP Properties > Advanced Recording Options

178

Headers Dialog Box

181

Content Type Filters Dialog Box

182

Non-Resources Dialog Box

182

Java > VM Recording Options

183

Java > Classpath Recording Options

184

Microsoft .NET > Recording - Recording Options

184

Remote Objects Property

186

Microsoft .NET > Shared DLLs Recording Options

187

Network > Mapping and Filtering Recording Options

188

Server Entry - Port Mapping Dialog Box

189

Advanced Port Mapping Settings Dialog Box

191

Server Entry - Traffic Filtering Dialog Box

191

RDP > Code Generation > Advanced Recording Options

192

RDP > Code Generation > Agent Recording Options

193

RDP > Code Generation > Basic Recording Options

194

RDP > Client Startup Recording Options

195

Recording Properties > Corba Options Recording Options

196

Recording Properties > Correlation Options - Recording Options

196

Recording Properties > Log Options Recording Options

197

Recording Properties > Recorder Options - Recording Options

198

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Recording Properties > Serialization Options - Recording Options

199

RTE > Configuration Recording Options

200

RTE > RTE Recording Options

201

SAPGUI > Auto Logon Recording Options

202

SAPGUI > Code Generation Recording Options

202

SAPGUI > General Recording Options

203

Silverlight > Services Recording Options

203

Add / Edit Services Dialog Box

204

Connection Settings Dialog Box

204

Protocol and Security Scenario Data Dialog Box

205

Traffic Analysis > Traffic Filters Recording Options

206

WinSock Recording Options

207

Recording Options - Miscellaneous Topics

208

Protocol Compatibility Table

208

Port Mapping and Traffic Filtering Overview

212

Port Mapping Auto Detection

213

EUC-Encoding (Japanese Windows only)

214

Script Generation Preference Overview

214

Script Language Options

215

Recording Levels - Overview

215

Serialization Overview

217

Tips for Working with Event Listening and Recording

217

Example of Click & Script Out of Context Recording

217

Providing Authentication Information

218

Recording via a Proxy - Overview

220

How to Record a Script via a Proxy

221

How to Import Actions to a Script

225

How to Regenerate a Vuser Script

225

Start Recording Dialog Box

226

Floating Recording Toolbar

229

Files Generated During Recording

231

Troubleshooting and Limitations for Recording

232

Correlating

235

Correlation Overview

235

Correlations in LoadRunner

235

Correlation Tab [Design Studio] Overview

236

Determining Which Values to Correlate

238

Modifying Saved Parameters

238

Correlation vs. Parameterization

239

Wdiff Correlation Utility

239

Correlating Java Scripts

239

How to Correlate Scripts Using Design Studio

241

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How To Manually Correlate Scripts

243

How to Correlate Scripts From a Snapshot

243

How to Correlate Scripts - Winsock (Snapshot Pane)

244

How to Correlate Scripts - Winsock (Manually)

245

How to Correlate Scripts - Web (Manually)

246

How to Correlate Scripts - Siebel

248

How to Correlate Scripts - Oracle NCA

252

How to Correlate Scripts - Microsoft .NET

254

How to Correlate Scripts - Java Scripts - Serialization

256

How to Correlate Scripts - Java

259

How to Correlate Scripts - Flex (XPath Correlation)

261

How to Correlate Scripts - COM

262

How to Search for Values that Need Correlation

262

How to Modify Correlation Definitions

263

How to Exclude Content Based on Content-Type

267

How to Exclude Strings or Content Types from the Correlation Scan

268

Correlation Functions - Database Vuser Scripts

269

Correlation Functions - Java Vuser Scripts

269

Correlation Functions - C Vuser Scripts

270

Design Studio [Correlation Tab] Dialog Box

271

Replaying

274

Replay Overview

274

How to Replay a Vuser Script

275

How to Work with Snapshots

276

Snapshots that Have an XML View

278

How to Add a Text Check From the XML View in the Snapshot Pane

279

Running a Vuser as a Process or Thread

280

Runtime Settings

280

Runtime Settings Overview
Runtime Setting Value Validation
Runtime Settings Views
Runtime Settings View Descriptions

280
281
282
283

Preferences View - Internet Protocol

288

Importing and Exporting Runtime Settings

299

Bookmarks Overview

299

How to Run a Vuser Script from a Command Prompt

300

How to Use Bookmarks

301

Files Generated During Replay

301

Network Virtualization (NV) Analytics Report

303

Opening the NV Analytics Report

303

NV Analyatics Report Overview

304

Summaries

304

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Metrics

306

Endpoint Latencies

306

HTTP Analysis

307

HTTP Metrics

308

Highlighting Resources

308

HTTP Optimization

309

HTTP Resources

310

Debugging

311

Debugging Overview

311

Error Handling

313

Additional Debugging Information

314

Working with Breakpoints

315

Breakpoints Pane

316

Watching Expressions and Variables

317

Debugging Web Vuser Scripts

318

How to Debug Scripts with Breakpoints

319

Enhancing

320

Enhancing a Script for Load Testing Overview

320

Transaction Overview

322

How to Insert Transactions

323

How to Display Transactions

324

Cross-Vuser Transaction Overview

325

How to Create a Cross-Vuser Transaction

326

Rendezvous Points

327

Adding VuGen Functions Overview

327

General Vuser Functions

329

Protocol-Specific Vuser Functions

329

Encrypting and Encoding Overview

330

Password Encoding

330

Encrypting Text

331

How to Encrypt/Decrypt Text

331

How to Encode a Password

331

Password Encoder Dialog Box

332

Database Integration Overview

332

Connecting to a Database

333

Using Data Retrieved from SQL Queries

333

Validating Database Values

335

Checking Returned Values Through a Database

337

Performing Actions on Datasets

338

How to Create a Controller Scenario from VuGen

338

How to Insert Steps into a Script

339

Create Controller Scenario Dialog Box

340

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Parameters

341

Parameterizing Overview

341

Parameter Types

343

How to Create a Parameter

345

Slideshow - How to Create a Parameter

346

How to Work with Existing Parameters

346

Data Assignment Methods for File/Table/XML Parameters

347

Data Assignment and Update Methods for File/Table/ XML Parameters

348

Vuser Behavior in the LoadRunner Controller

349

XML Parameters

350

How to Create an XML Parameter from a Web Service Call

350

How to Create XML Parameters - Standard Method

351

How to Define XML Value Sets

352

How to Set an Assignment Method

355

How to Modify XML Parameter Properties

356

How to Set AUT Environment Parameters

356

How to Import Parameter Data from a Database

357

Select or Create Parameter Dialog Box

357

Parameter Properties Dialog Box

358

Parameter Simulation Dialog Box

368

Parameter List Dialog Box

372

Database Query Wizard

372

Create Parameter Dialog Box

373

Parameter Original Value Dialog Box

374

Parameter Delimiters Configuration Dialog Box

374

Troubleshooting and Limitations for Parameterization

375

Asynchronous Communication

376

Synchronous and Asynchronous Concepts

376

Types of Asynchronous Communication

377

VuGen Support for Asynchronous Communication

380

How to Create an Asynchronous Vuser Script

382

Asynchronous Communication API

384

How Asynchronous Functions Differ from Synchronous Functions

385

How VuGen Modifies a Vuser Script for Asynchronous Communication

385

Defining the Start of an Asynchronous Conversation

388

Defining the End of an Asynchronous Conversation

390

Using Asynchronous Request Thresholds

392

Fine-Tuning the End of an Asynchronous Conversation

392

Correlating Asynchronous Vuser Scripts

393

Implementing Callbacks

393

Modifying Callbacks

397

Parsing URLs

401

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

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Async Rules Overview

404

Adding Async Rules

405

Async Tab [Design Studio]

407

Asynchronous Options Dialog Box

409

Asynchronous Example - Poll

410

Asynchronous Example - Push

412

Asynchronous Example - Long-Poll

414

Viewing Replay Results

416

Viewing Replay Results Overview

417

Customizing the Test Results Display

417

Connecting to Application Lifecycle Management from the Test Results Window

418

How to Send Custom Information to the Report

418

How to Configure the Appearance of the Test Results Window

418

How to Open the Test Results of a Specific Run

418

How to Find Steps in the Test Results

419

Test Results Window

419

Filters Dialog Box

421

Print Dialog Box

422

Print Preview Dialog Box

423

Export to HTML File Dialog Box

424

Protocols

426

Vuser Protocols

426

IPv6 Support

430

IPv6 Deployment

430

Protocols Supported

431

Protocol Support Limitations

431

Protocol Support for Async, IPv6, and 64-bit Recording

431

Protocol Advisor Overview

433

How to use the Protocol Advisor

433

Protocol Advisor Dialog Box

435

Protocol Advisor - Troubleshooting and Limitations

436

Ajax - Click & Script Protocol

437

Ajax (Click & Script) Protocol Overview

437

Ajax (Click & Script) Supported Frameworks

437

Ajax (Click & Script) Example Script

438

Ajax (Click & Script) Recording Tips

439

Ajax (Click & Script) - Replay Tips

440

Ajax (Click & Script) Miscellaneous Tips

441

Click & Script Troubleshooting and Limitations

442

Citrix Protocol

446

Citrix Protocol - Overview

446

How to Set Up Your Citrix Environment

447

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Agent for Citrix Presentation Server - Overview

449

Citrix Recording Tips

452

Citrix Synchronization

455

Citrix - Automatic Synchronization

455

Citrix - Manual Synchronization

456

Citrix - Additional Ways to Synchronize Your Script

457

Failed Bitmap Synchronization Dialog Box

458

Citrix Replaying Tips

459

Citrix Debugging Tips

461

Citrix - Troubleshooting and Limitations

463

Click & Script Protocols

466

Click & Script Protocols - Overview

466

Click & Script Recording Tips

468

Click & Script - Replay Tips

469

Click & Script Miscellaneous Tips

471

Click & Script Enhancements

471

Click & Script API Notes

474

Ordinals

475

Empty Strings

475

Click & Script Troubleshooting and Limitations
COM/DCOM Protocol

476
479

COM/DCOM Protocol Overview

479

COM/DCOM Technology Overview

480

COM/DCOM Vuser Script Structure

481

COM Sample Vuser Scripts

482

Selecting COM Objects to Record

486

Database Protocols

487

Database Protocols Overview

488

VuGen Database Recording Technology

488

Database Grids

489

Handling Database Errors

490

Debugging Database Applications

491

Database Protocols - Troubleshooting and Limitations

492

Flex (RTMP/AMF) Protocol

501

Flex Overview

501

Recording Flex Scripts

503

AMF

503

RTMP Functions

505

RTMP Tunneled Functions

505

RTMP/RTMPT Streaming

506

RTMP Tunneled

513

How to Record a Flex Script

514

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Setting the Flex Recording Mode
Example

515
516

Code Generation in the Flex Protocol

517

Externalizable Objects in Flex Scripts

517

Flex Correlations

520

Flex Snapshots

520

How to Serialize Flex Scripts

521

How to Query an XML Tree

522

Troubleshooting and Limitations for Flex

524

GraniteDS (Data Services)
Java Record Replay Protocol
Java Record Replay Protocol Overview
Supported Java Communication Protocols
Java Record Replay Protocol Recording Tips
Tips for Recording a Java Record Replay Vuser Script
Working with CORBA

525
525
525
526
526
526
527

CORBA Application Vendor Classes

527

Editing a CORBA Vuser Script

527

Working with RMI

529

Working with Jacada

529

Recording a Jacada Vuser

529

Editing a Jacada Vuser Script

530

How to Manually Insert Java Methods
To Insert Java Functions:

531
531

How to Manually Configure Script Generation Settings

532

Compiling and Running a Script as Part of a Package

534

Java Icon Reference List

534

Java Custom Filters Overview

535

Java Custom Filters - Determining which Elements to Include

536

How to Create a Custom Java Filter

537

Define a Custom Hook File
Hook File Structure
Troubleshooting and Limitations - Java Record Replay and Java Vuser
Java Vuser Protocol

537
538
541
541

Manually Programming Java Scripts - Overview

541

Java Protocol Programming Tips

542

Running Java Vuser Scripts

543

Opening Java Vuser Scripts in Eclipse

544

Compiling and Running a Script as Part of a Package

545

How to Manually Create a Java Script

545

How to Enhance a Java Script

548

Troubleshooting and Limitations - Java Record Replay and Java Vuser

552

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

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Java over HTTP Protocol

552

Java over HTTP Protocol Overview

552

Viewing Responses and Requests in XML Format

552

How to Record with Java over HTTP

553

How to Debug Java over HTTP scripts

554

How to Insert Parameters into Java over HTTP Scripts

555

Troubleshooting and Limitations for Java over HTTP

555

LDAP Protocol

556

LDAP Protocol Overview

556

LDAP Protocol Example Script

557

Defining Distinguished Name Entries

558

LDAP Connection Options

559

Troubleshooting and Limitations - LDAP

560

Mailing Service Protocols

560

Mailing Service Protocols Overview

560

IMAP Protocol Overview

561

MAPI Protocol Overview

561

POP3 Protocol Overview

562

SMTP Protocol Overview

563

Message Protocols

563

MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) Protocol Overview

563

How to Run an MMS Scenario in the Controller

564

Mobile Protocols
How to Select a Script Type for Mobile Applications

564
564

TruClient - Mobile Web Protocol

565

TruClient - Native Mobile Protocol

565

SMP (SAP Mobile Platform) Protocol

566

Mobile Application - HTTP/HTMLProtocol

566

Speed Simulation for Mobile Vuser Scripts

567

Mobile Application - HTTP/HTML

568

Recording Methods

568

Recording Traffic into a Capture (Sniffer) File

569

Record Traffic with VuGen's Mobile Sniffer Agent

570

Analyzing Traffic

572

Recording with Emulation

573

How to Create a Script by Analyzing Traffic (Mobile Applications)

578

How to Record and Analyze Traffic (for Mobile Applications)

579

Recording Wizard

580

Recording Method Screen

581

Analyze Traffic Screen

582

Configure and Record Screen

583

Record Emulator Screen

584

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

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Proxy Recording Screen

585

TruClient - Mobile Web Protocol

586

TruClient - Mobile Web Protocol Overview

586

How to Record a Script with TruClient - Mobile Web

586

How to Add, Remove, and Import Mobile Device Settings for TruClient - Mobile Web 587
Mobile Device Dialog Box
SMP (SAP Mobile Platform) Protocol
.NET Protocol
.NET Protocol Overview
Considerations for Working with the .NET Protocol

587
588
589
589
589

Viewing Data Sets and Grids

590

Recording WCF Duplex Communication

591

Replacement of the Callback in the Script

593

Asynchronous Calls

595

Recording Dual HTTP Bindings

595

Connection Pooling

596

Debugging .NET Vuser Scripts

597

.NET Filters Overview

598

.NET Filters - Advanced

599

Guidelines for Setting .NET Filters

600

How to Configure Application Security and Permissions

603

Troubleshooting and Limitations - .NET

604

Replay Limitations

604

Recording Limitations

604

Oracle NCA Protocol

605

Oracle NCA Protocol Overview

605

Oracle NCA Protocol Example Scripts

606

Oracle NCA Record and Replay Tips

607

Pragma Mode

608

How to Enable the Recording of Objects by Name

609

How to Launch Oracle Applications via the Personal Home Page

611

Oracle - Troubleshooting and Limitations

612

RDP Protocol

614

RDP Protocol - Overview

614

RDP Recording Tips

614

Working with Clipboard Data (RDP Protocol)

617

Correlating Clipboard Parameters

618

RDP Snapshots - Overview

618

Image Synchronization Overview (RDP)

619

Image Synchronization Tips (RDP Protocol)

620

Image Synchronization - Shifted Coordinates (RDP Protocol)

621

Setting Security Levels in RDP Vuser Scripts

621

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RDP Agent (for Microsoft Terminal Server) Overview

624

How to Install / Uninstall the RDP Agent

626

How to Add Image Synchronization Points to a Script

627

Failed Image Synchronization Dialog Box (RDP Protocol)

627

Troubleshooting and Limitations for RDP

629

RTE Protocol

630

RTE Protocol Overview

630

Working with Ericom Terminal Emulation

631

SSL and SSH Support for Ericom

631

Typing Input into a Terminal Emulator

632

Setting the Timeout Value for TE_type

633

Allowing a Vuser to Type Ahead

633

Generating Unique Device Names

634

Setting the Field Demarcation Characters

635

Reading Text from the Terminal Screen

636

RTE Synchronization Overview

637

Synchronizing Block-Mode (IBM) Terminals

638

Synchronizing Character-Mode (VT) Terminals

640

How to Map Terminal Keys to PC Keyboard Keys

643

How to Record RTE Vuser Scripts

644

How to Implement Continue on Error

646

Troubleshooting and Limitations - RTE

646

IP Spoofing

646

Disconnection Failures

647

SAP Protocols

647

Selecting a SAP Protocol Type

647

SAP GUI Protocol

647

SAP Web Protocol

650

SAP (Click & Script) Protocol

651

Replaying SAP GUI Optional Windows

652

How to Configure the SAP Environment

653

How to Record SAP GUI Scripts

658

How to Replay SAP GUI Scripts

660

How to Run SAP GUI Scripts in a Scenario

660

How to Enhance SAP GUI Scripts

661

Additional SAP Resources

665

Troubleshooting and Limitations for SAP

665

Siebel Web Protocol

667

Siebel Web Protocol Overview

668

Siebel Web Recording Options and Runtime Settings

668

How to Record Transaction Breakdown Information

668

Siebel Web - Troubleshooting and Limitations

669

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Silverlight Protocol

671

Silverlight Protocol - Overview

671

How to Import WSDL Files

672

Silverlight - Troubleshooting and Limitations

672

TruClient Protocol
Introduction to TruClient

673
674

TruClient end-to-end workflow

674

The TruClient User Interface

675

TruClient Standalone

675

TruClient Standalone System Requirements

676

Installing the TruClient Standalone

676

Differences between TruClient installations

676

Fundamentals
TruClientStep Structure

677
679

TruClient step structure

680

Understanding step events

684

TruClient Sidebar

686

TruClient Home tab

687

TruClient Edit tab

691

Window tab

693

Run Logic tab

694

Actions tab

697

Function Libraries tab

701

TruClient Toolbox

702

Browsers in TruClient

705

Private browsing

706

TruClient Browser for IE

706

Supported browsers in TruClient

707

Develop TruClient Scripts
Record a TruClient script

714

Record a script

715

Implement run logic

718

Replay a TruClient Script

725

How to Synchronize TruClient Scripts Steps

725

Debug TruClient Scripts

727

TruClient Snapshots

731

Resolve Object Identification Issues

736

Descriptors

745

Enhance a TruClient Script

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

713

753

Enhance a script with Toolbox functions

753

Insert transactions into a TruClient script

754

TruClient functions and function libraries

757

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TruClient Event Handlers

760

TruClient General Settings

765

Troubleshooting and Limitations (General)

766

Program TruClient Scripts
Program in TruClient

770
771

Working With JavaScript in TruClient Scripts

772

Learn more about JavaScript

773

How to Insert and Modify Loops

774

How to Use VTS in TruClient

775

How to Insert Custom JavaScript and C Code into TruClient Scripts

778

Examples

778

Capture a value to a string

778

Iterate over links in a web page

783

Work with dynamic tables

787

Create a dynamic transaction name

792

Create a global variable

794

TruClient API Reference

795

TruClient Functions

796

TruClient VTS Functions

801

TruClient Step Arguments

825

TruClient Properties

828

Utilities

829

Convert a TruClient Script to a Web HTTP/HTML Script

829

Manually convert TruClient .xpi scripts

829

Troubleshooting load issues

830

Web - HTTP/HTML Protocol

834

Web - HTTP/HTML Protocol - Overview

834

Generating Vuser Scripts in JavaScript

837

Recording your Vuser Script in JavaScript

837

Auto-completion

838

To activate auto-completion on an external js file:

838

Regenerating your Vuser Script

838

Debugging your JavaScript Vuser script

838

The JavaScript Function Library

839

Using the VuGen JavaScript Engine

839

JavaScript Engine: XMLHTTPRequest Example

844

How to Convert a Web - HTTP/HTML Vuser Script into a Java Vuser Script

845

How to Create a Script for a REST API

846

Examples

847

How to Record the SPDY Protocol

847

How to Record Applications Using Smooth Streaming

848

Convert a TruClient Script to a Web HTTP/HTML Script

849

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

Page 19

User Guide

Troubleshooting and Limitations - Web - HTTP/HTML Protocol
Web Protocols (Generic)

850
851

Web Protocols - Overview

851

Web Vuser Technology

851

Web Vuser Types

852

Text and Image Verification (Web Vuser Scripts) - Overview

853

Understanding Web Text Check Functions

854

How to Add Text Checks and Image Checks (Web Vuser Protocols)

855

Web Snapshots - Overview

856

Browser Emulation - Overview

857

How to Perform Load Testing with nCipher HSM

860

Working with Cache Data

861

How to Insert Caching Functions
Data Format Extensions (DFEs) - Overview

863
863

How to Implement Data Format Extension (DFE) Support

867

How to Define a Chain of DFEs

867

How to Enable DFE Support

868

How to Configure DFE Support

869

How to Apply DFE Chains to Sections of the HTTP Message

870

How DFEs Modify a Vuser Script

871

Data Format Extension List

872

Applying DFEs to a String

873

Google Web Toolkit - Data Format Extension (GWT-DFE) - Overview

874

Implementing GWT-DFE Support
Troubleshooting - Data Format Extension (DFE)
Web Services

877
879
880

Web Services - Adding Script Content

880

Web Service Testing Overview

880

Adding Web Service Script Content - Overview

880

Script Integration

882

Web Service Call Attachments

882

Special Argument Types

883

Server Traffic Scripts Overview

885

Filtering Traffic

887

Data on Secure Servers

888

How to Add Content

888

How to Assign Values to XML Elements

890

How to Generate a Test Automatically

890

How to Create a Script by Analyzing Traffic (Web Services)

891

Specify Services Screen

892

Specify Application to Record Dialog Box

892

Import SOAP Dialog Box

893

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

Page 20

User Guide

New Web Service Call Dialog Box

894

Add Input Attachment Dialog Box

902

Add Array Elements Dialog Box

902

Process Base64 Data - Simple Data Dialog Box

903

Process Base64 Data - Complex Data Dialog Box

904

Aspects List

905

Specify Services Screen

906

Specify Traffic Information Screen

906

SSL Configuration Dialog Box

907

Web Services - Preparing Scripts for Replay

908

Preparing for Replay Overview

908

Testing Web Service Transport Layers Overview

908

Sending Messages over HTTP/HTTPS

908

JMS Transport Overview

909

JMS Script Functions

909

JMS Message Structure

910

Asynchronous Messages Overview

911

Sending Asynchronous Calls with HTTP/HTTPS

911

WS-Addressing

911

Customizing Overview

913

User Handlers

913

Custom Configuration Files

915

User Handler Examples

915

How to Prepare Scripts for Replay

918

How to Send Messages over JMS

919

How to Send Messages over HTTP/S

920

How to Define a Testing Method

921

How to Add a Database Connection

923

How to Create a User Handler

923

How to Customize Configuration Files

926

Web Services Snapshots - Overview

927

Database Connection Dialog Box

929

Connection String Generator Dialog Box

929

Web Services - Managing Services

930

Managing Services Overview

930

Importing Services

933

Comparison Reports

933

Web Reference Analyzer

934

How to Add and Manage Services

934

How to Analyze WSDL Dependencies

936

Manage Services Dialog Box

936

Connection Settings Dialog Box

939

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

Page 21

User Guide

Import Service Dialog Box

940

Search for Service in UDDI Dialog Box

940

XML/WSDL Comparison Dialog Box

941

WSDL Reference Analyzer Dialog Box

942

Web Services - Security
Setting Security Overview

942
942

Security Tokens and Encryption

943

SAML Security Options

945

Security Scenarios Overview

946

Choosing a Security Model

947

Private, Imported, and Shared Scenarios

947

Scenario Categories

948

WCF Scenario Settings

950

The WsHttpBinding Scenario

950

The Federation Scenario

951

The Custom Binding Scenarios

952

WCF Extensibility

953

Preparing Security Scenarios for Running

955

Parameterizing Security Elements

955

Protecting Custom Headers

955

Emulating Users with Iterations

956

How to Add Security to a Web Service Script

956

How to Customize the Security

957

How to Add SAML Security

960

How to Create and Manage Security Scenarios

961

How to Parameterize Security Elements

963

Set Security Properties Dialog Box

963

Security Scenario Editor Dialog Box

967

Advanced Settings Dialog Box

968

Select Certificate Dialog Box

972

Web Services Security Examples

973

Troubleshooting and Limitations for Web Services
Windows Sockets Protocol
Recording Windows Sockets - Overview

975
976
977

Translation Tables

977

Windows Sockets Data

977

Windows Sockets Snapshots - Overview

978

Data Navigation Tools

981

Buffer Data Editing

981

How to Record a Windows Sockets Script

982

How to View and Modify Windows Sockets Buffers

983

Data Buffers

986

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

Page 22

User Guide

Go To Offset Dialog Box
Advanced Topics

987
989

How to Create a PCAP File

989

Manually Programming a Script using the VuGen Editor

991

Manually Programming Scripts - Overview

991

Programming Vuser Actions

991

How to Create a Template

992

How to Configure Runtime Settings Manually

993

How to Define Transaction and Insert Rendezvous Points Manually

996

C Vuser Scripts

996

Java Vusers

997

.NET Vusers

998

Troubleshooting and Limitations - Programming

999

Creating Scripts in External IDEs

1001

Creating Vuser Scripts or LoadRunner Tests in Visual Studio or Eclipse

1001

How to Create a Vuser Script in Visual Studio

1002

How to Create a Vuser Script in Eclipse

1003

How to Develop a Unit Test Using Visual Studio (NUnit test)

1004

How to Develop a Unit Test Using Eclipse (JUnit or Selenium test)

1004

Using DLLs and Customizing VuGen

1005

Calling Functions from External DLLs

1005

How to Load a DLL Locally

1006

How to Load a DLL Globally

1007

Recording OLE Servers

1007

Using CmdLine

1008

CmdLine Environment Variables

1009

VuGen File and Library Locations

1009

Storing Runtime Settings in External Files

1010

Command Line Parameters

1010

Creating and Running Scripts in Linux

1011

Creating and Running Scripts in Linux - Overview

1011

How to Compile Scripts Manually on Linux

1011

How to Run a Vuser Script from a Linux Command Line

1012

Programming with the XML API

1014

Programming with the XML API Overview

1014

Using XML Functions

1014

Specifying XML Function Parameters

1016

XML Attributes

1018

Structuring XML Scripts

1018

Enhancing a Recorded Session with XML

1019

How to Use Result Parameters

1022

Non-English Language Support

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

1024

Page 23

User Guide

Non-English Language Support Overview

1024

Page Request Header Language

1025

How to Convert Encoding Format of a String

1025

How to Convert Encoding Format of Parameter Files

1026

How to Record Web Pages with Foreign Languages

1027

Troubleshooting and Limitations for Non-English Languages

1028

HP Live Network (HPLN) Integration

1031

How to Download Content from HP Live Network (HPLN) to LoadRunner

1032

How to Upload Content from LoadRunner to HP Live Network (HPLN)

1034

HP Live Network Connection Dialog Box

1036

Download from HP Live Network Dialog Box

1038

Additional Components
Standalone Applications

1040
1044

Protocol SDK

1045

Installing the Virtual Table Server (VTS)

1046

Installing the Microsoft Terminal Server Agent

1047

Troubleshooting and Limitations for Additional Components

1047

Troubleshooting and Limitations for VuGen

Controller
Introducing Controller

1048

1049
1049

Scripts and Test Types

1049

Controller Workflow

1051

Controller Technology

1051

Controller Window

1052

HP LoadRunner Agents

1054

Load Testing Overview

1055

The HP LoadRunner Solution

1056

HP LoadRunner Terminology

1056

The HP LoadRunner Testing Process

1057

License Utility

1058

LoadRunner License Utility

1058

LoadRunner License Utility - New License

1061

How to Install a New License

1064

Additional Information About LoadRunner Licenses

1064

Designing Load Test Scenarios
Planning Load Test Scenarios

1065
1066

Load Test Planning Overview

1066

Load Testing Objectives

1066

How to Plan a Load Test

1069

How to Analyze the Application

1069

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

Page 24

User Guide

How to Define the Load Test Objectives

1072

How to Plan the LoadRunner Implementation

1073

Designing Scenarios
Manual Scenarios
Changing Scenario Modes

1076
1076
1076

Goals Types for Goal-Oriented Scenarios

1077

Noise Generators

1079

How to Design a Goal-Oriented Scenario

1079

How to Design a Manual Scenario

1081

How to Change the Scenario Mode (Manual Scenario)

1083

How to View/Modify Scripts in the Scenario

1083

Relative Paths for Scripts

1085

Vuser Statuses

1086

Add Group Dialog Box

1087

Add Script Dialog Box

1088

Add Vusers Dialog Box

1089

Design Tab

1090

Edit Scenario Goal Dialog Box

1093

Group Information Dialog Box

1095

Multiple Runtime Settings Mode Dialog Box

1096

New Scenario Dialog Box

1097

Scenario Goal Pane

1099

Scenario Groups/Scripts Pane - Manual Scenarios

1100

Scenario Scripts Pane - Goal-Oriented Scenarios

1103

Scenario Start Time Dialog Box

1105

Script Information Dialog Box

1106

Vuser Information Dialog Box

1107

Vusers Dialog Box

1109

Load Generators

1110

Load Generators - Overview

1110

Adding a Cloud-Based Load Generator - Overview

1112

How to Add a Load Generator to a Scenario

1113

How to Provision Load Generators in the Cloud

1115

Managing Cloud Accounts - Overview

1119

How to Manage Cloud Accounts

1122

Manage Cloud Accounts Dialog Box

1123

How to Modify Load Generator Settings

1124

Load Balancing

1125

Setting up a Load Generator Environment

1125

How to Connect/Disconnect a Load Generator

1126

How to Connect to a Linux Load Generator Without Using RSH

1126

To stop the agent daemon:

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

1126

Page 25

User Guide

Linux Environment Variables

1127

Add New Load Generator/Load Generator Information Dialog Box

1127

Create Cloud Load Generator Dialog Box

1129

Use Cloud Load Generator Dialog Box

1135

Load Generator Configuration > Connection Log Tab

1136

Load Generator Configuration > Runtime File Storage Tab

1136

Load Generator Configuration > Runtime Quota Tab

1137

Load Generator Configuration > Connection Tab

1138

Load Generator Configuration > Status Tab

1139

Load Generator Configuration > Terminal Services Tab

1139

Load Generator Configuration > Linux Environment Tab

1141

Load Generator Configuration > Vuser Limits Tab

1142

Load Generator Configuration > Vuser Status Tab

1143

Load Generator Configuration > Network Virtualization Tab

1144

Load Generators Dialog Box

1144

Network Profile Manager Dialog Box

1147

LoadRunner Agent Runtime Settings Dialog Box

1149

SSL Utility

1149

How to Create Certificates for Azure Cloud

1151

Troubleshooting and Limitations - Load Generators

1152

Scheduling Manual Scenarios

1153

Scheduling Manual Scenarios Overview

1153

Scheduling by Scenario or Group

1153

Schedule Run Modes

1154

How to Define a Schedule for the Scenario - Workflow

1155

How to Add Actions to the Scenario Schedule

1158

How to Edit Schedule Actions

1160

Schedule Actions

1162

Add Action Dialog Box

1164

Edit Action Dialog Box

1165

Scenario Schedule Pane

1166

Schedule Definition Area

1167

Interactive Schedule Graph

1168

Actions Grid

1172

Service Level Agreements

1174

Service Level Agreements Overview

1174

Tracking Period

1175

How to Define Service Level Agreements

1175

How to Define Service Level Agreements - Use-Case Scenario

1176

Advanced Options Dialog Box

1179

Goal Details Dialog Box

1179

Service Level Agreement Pane

1180

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

Page 26

User Guide

Service Level Agreement Wizard

1180

Select a Measurement Page

1181

Select Transactions Page

1182

Set Load Criteria Page

1183

Set Percentile Threshold Values Page

1184

Set Threshold Values Page (Goal Per Time Interval)

1185

Set Threshold Values Page (Goal Per Whole Run)

1186

Multiple IP Addresses

1186

Multiple IP Addresses Overview

1186

How to Add IP Addresses to a Load Generator

1187

IP Wizard

1188

Configuring Terminal Services Settings

1190

Terminal Services Overview

1190

About Terminal Services

1190

How to Use the Terminal Services Manager

1191

How to Configure Terminal Sessions Over a Firewall

1192

Running Load Test Scenarios

1192

Online Monitor Graphs

1193

Online Monitor Graphs Overview

1193

About Online Monitor Graphs

1193

Viewing Monitor Data Offline

1193

How to Display Online Monitor Graphs

1194

How to Customize Online Graph and Measurement Settings

1195

How to Manage Online Graphs

1197

Graph Configuration Dialog Box

1198

Measurement Configuration Dialog Box

1199

Open a New Graph Dialog Box

1201

Overlay Graphs Dialog Box

1202

Available Graphs Tree

1202

Configuring Scenario Options

1206

Configuring Scenario Options Overview

1206

Expert Mode

1206

Runtime File Storage Locations

1207

Path Translation

1207

How to Configure Scenario Options

1208

Path Translation Table

1210

Options Dialog Box

1211

Options > Debug Information Tab

1212

Options > Execution Tab

1213

Options > General Tab

1214

Options > Monitors Tab

1215

Options > Output Tab

1217

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

Page 27

User Guide

Options > Path Translation Tab

1217

Options > Runtime File Storage Tab

1218

Options > Runtime Settings Tab

1219

Options > Timeout Tab

1220

Before Running Your Scenario

1221

How to Prepare a Scenario to Run

1221

Set Results Directory Dialog Box

1225

Summary Information Dialog Box

1226

Running Scenarios
Running Scenarios Overview

1226
1227

Before run

1227

Start of run

1227

During run

1227

End of run

1227

How to Run a Scenario

1228

Initialize, Run, or Stop Vuser Groups - Use-Case Scenario

1230

Control Vusers During a Scenario Run - Use-Case Scenario

1231

Run/Stop Individual Vusers, or Add New Vusers - Use-Case Scenario

1232

Initialize/Run Additional Vusers or Stop Running Vusers - Use-Case Scenario

1236

Execution Notes Dialog Box

1242

Output Window

1242

Filtered Tab

1243

Summary Tab

1244

Run Tab

1246

Run/Stop Vusers Dialog Box

1247

Scenario Groups Pane

1250

Scenario Status Pane

1251

Transactions Dialog Box

1252

Vuser Script Log

1252

Rendezvous Points

1254

Rendezvous Points Overview

1254

How to Set Up a Rendezvous in a Scenario

1254

Rendezvous Information Dialog Box

1255

Running the Controller from the Command Line

1257

Controller Command Line Arguments Overview

1257

How to Invoke the Controller from the Command Line

1257

Tips for Using Command Line Arguments

1258

Application Lifecycle Management Arguments

1258

Runtime Arguments

1259

After the Scenario Run

1259

Post Scenario Run Procedures - Overview

1260

Collating Run Data

1260

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

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User Guide

How to Collate Scenario Run Results

1260

Results Folder File Structure

1261

Collate Results Dialog Box

1263

Using Unified Functional Testing Tests in LoadRunner

1264

Using QuickTest or Unified Functional Testing Tests in LoadRunner - Overview

1264

About GUI Vuser Scripts

1264

Understanding GUI Vuser Technology

1265

Guidelines for Using QuickTest or Unified Functional Testing Tests in LoadRunner

1266

How to Add a QuickTest or Unified Functional Testing Test to a Load Test Scenario

1267

Managing Scenarios Using Application Lifecycle Management

1268

Managing Scenarios Using Application Lifecycle Management - Overview

1268

How to Work with Scenarios in ALM Projects

1268

How to Connect to ALM

1269

How to Save Scenarios to ALM Projects

1269

How to Add Vuser Scripts from an Application Lifecycle Management Project

1270

HP ALM Connection Dialog Box [Controller]

1270

Continuous Integration with Jenkins
Working with Firewalls in LoadRunner
How to Set Up Your LoadRunner System Over Firewalls

1272
1272
1273

How to Set Up an Over-Firewall Deployment

1274

How to Configure the LoadRunner Agent

1277

How to Create and Verify the Connection Between Controller and Agent Machines

1279

How to Set Firewall Monitoring Preferences

1279

MI Listener Configuration Dialog Box

1280

Monitor Configuration Dialog Box

1281

Agent Configuration Dialog Box

1283

Agent Configuration Settings Dialog Box
Using Digital Certificates with Firewalls

1285
1286

Client-Server Authentication Configurations

1287

How To Configure Client-Server Authentication

1289

How to Create a Certificate Authority (CA)

1290

How to Create an SSL Digital Certificate

1291

Authentication Settings Dialog Box

1292

Network and Security Manager - Command Line Tool
Common Examples

1293
1298

Set the agent proxy and port, and the MI Listener over a firewall

1299

Read parameters from a file

1299

Remote updates

1299

Remote updates - multiple

1299

Remote updates - multiple from file

1299

Restarting the agent

1300

Monitoring Load Test Scenarios

1300

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

Page 29

User Guide

How to Set Up a Monitoring Environment

1301

Monitor Types

1302

Add Machine Dialog Box

1304

 Monitor Configuration Dialog Box

1305

 Dialog Box

1306

Runtime and Transaction Monitoring

1307

Runtime Graphs Overview

1307

Transaction Monitor Graphs Overview

1309

Web Resource Monitors

1309

Web Resource Monitoring Overview

1309

WebSocket Statistics Monitor

1313

HTTP Status Codes

1314

System Resource Monitoring

1315

System Resource Monitors Overview

1315

Windows Resource Monitoring

1315

UNIX Resource Monitoring

1316

SNMP Resource Monitoring

1316

How to Set up the UNIX Monitoring Environment

1316

UNIX Resources Performance Counters

1318

Add Windows Resources Measurements Dialog Box

1319

Network Delay Monitoring

1319

Network Monitoring Overview

1320

How to Set Up the Network Monitoring Environment

1320

How to Configure the Linux Source Machine for Network Monitoring

1322

Adding Destination Machines for Network Delay Monitoring Dialog Box

1323

Network Delay Time Dialog Box

1324

Network Delay Time Graph

1325

Network Monitor Settings for Defined Path Dialog Box

1325

Troubleshooting and Limitations - Network Delay Monitor

1326

Web Server Resource Monitoring

1327

Web Server Resource Monitoring Overview

1328

How to change the Apache default server properties

1328

HTTP Status Codes

1328

Microsoft IIS Performance Counters

1329

Apache Performance Counters

1330

Web Application Server Monitoring

1330

Web Application Server Resource Monitoring Overview

1331

MS Active Server Pages Performance Counters

1331

Microsoft Active Server Pages Dialog Box

1332

TruClient - Native Mobile Monitors

1332

CPU Utilization Percentage Graph

1332

Total Free Memory In Device Monitor

1333

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

Page 30

User Guide

Total Memory Consumed by Application Monitor
Database Server Resource Monitoring

1333
1333

Database Resource Monitoring Overview

1333

How to Set Up the Oracle Monitoring Environment

1334

Oracle Performance Counters

1335

SQL Server Performance Counters

1337

HP Network Virtualization Monitoring

1338

Average Latency Monitor

1338

Packet Loss Monitor

1339

Average Throughput Monitor

1341

Average Bandwidth Utilization Monitor

1343

Total Throughput Monitor

1344

SiteScope Server Monitoring

1345

SiteScope Resource Monitoring

1346

How to Set up the SiteScope Integration

1346

Flex Monitoring

1347

Streaming Media Monitoring

1347

Streaming Media Monitoring Overview

1347

RealPlayer Client Performance Counters

1348

Media Player Client Performance Counters

1349

ERP/CRM Server Resource Monitoring

1350

ERP/CRM Server Resource Monitoring Overview

1350

Siebel Server Manager Performance Counters

1350

Siebel Server Manager Configuration Dialog Box

1351

Troubleshooting and Limitations - Siebel Server Manager Monitor

1352

Application Deployment Solution Monitoring

1352

Application Deployment Solution Monitoring Overview

1353

How to Set up the Citrix Monitoring Environment

1353

Citrix Server Performance Counters

1354

Citrix Monitor Dialog Box

1358

Middleware Performance Monitoring

1359

Middleware Performance Monitoring Overview

1359

How to Set Up the IBM WebSphere MQ Monitor

1359

IBM WebSphere MQ Performance Counters

1361

IBM WebSphere MQ Queue Attributes

1363

MQ Monitor Add Measurements Dialog Box

1363

Infrastructure Resources Monitoring

1365

Infrastructure Resources Monitoring Overview

1365

Network Client Performance Counters

1365

Network Virtualization Integration

1366

Network Virtualization Locations

1367

Excluding Machines from Network Virtualization

1367

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

Page 31

User Guide

How to Run a Scenario with Network Virtualization
Configure the network virtualization settings per location

1368
1369

Virtual Locations Settings Dialog Box

1371

Per Group vs Per Load Generator

1373

Troubleshooting and Limitations for Network Virtualization
Service Virtualization Integration

1373
1374

How to Use Service Virtualization when Designing Scenarios

1376

HP Service Virtualization Setup Dialog Box

1378

HP Service Virtualization Runtime Dialog Box

1380

Service Virtualization Monitors

1381

Working with Diagnostics

1383

How to Install the LoadRunner J2EE/.NET Diagnostics Add-in

1385

How to Configure a LoadRunner Scenario to use J2EE/.NET Diagnostics

1385

How to View J2EE/.NET Diagnostics Data in LoadRunner During a Scenario Run

1386

How to View Offline J2EE/.NET Diagnostics Results

1387

HP Diagnostics for J2EE/.NET Setup Dialog Box

1387

Diagnostics Distribution Dialog Box

1388

J2EE/.NET Configuration Dialog Box

1390

Troubleshooting and Limitations for Firewalls

1391

Troubleshooting and Limitations for Controller

1394

Linux Machine Issues

1394

Shellshock Vulnerability

1395

Analysis

1397

Introducing Analysis

1397

Results Overview

1397

Analysis Toolbars

1398

Analysis API

1400

Workflow

1400

Analysis Basics

1401

Session Explorer Window

1402

Analysis Window Layouts

1403

Printing Graphs or Reports

1404

Configuring Analysis

1405

Summary Data Versus Complete Data

1405

Importing Data Directly from the Analysis Machine

1405

How to Configure Settings for Analyzing Load Test Results

1407

General Tab (Options Dialog Box)

1407

Result Collection Tab (Options Dialog Box)

1410

Data Aggregation Configuration Dialog Box (Result Collection Tab)

1413

Database Tab (Options Dialog Box)

1414

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

Page 32

User Guide

Advanced Options Dialog Box (Database Tab)

1418

Web Page Diagnostics Tab (Options Dialog Box)

1419

Session Information Dialog Box (Options Dialog Box)

1420

Viewing Load Test Scenario Information

1422

Viewing Load Test Scenario Information

1422

How to Configure Controller Output Messages Settings

1423

Controller Output Messages Window

1424

Summary Tab

1424

Filtered Tab

1426

Scenario Runtime Settings Dialog Box

1428

Defining Service Level Agreements

1428

Service Level Agreements Overview

1428

Tracking Period

1429

How to Define Service Level Agreements

1429

How to Define Service Level Agreements - Use-Case Scenario

1431

Service Level Agreement Pane

1433

Advanced Options Dialog Box (Service Level Agreement Pane)

1434

Goal Details Dialog Box (Service Level Agreement Pane)

1435

Service Level Agreement Wizard

1435

Select a Measurement Page

1436

Select Transactions Page

1437

Set Load Criteria Page

1437

Set Percentile Threshold Values Page

1439

Set Threshold Values Page (Goal Per Time Interval)

1439

Set Threshold Values Page (Goal Per Whole Run)

1440

Working with Application Lifecycle Management

1441

Managing Results Using ALM - Overview

1441

How to Connect to ALM from Analysis

1441

How to Work with Results in ALM - Without Performance Center

1442

How to Work with Results in ALM - With Performance Center

1443

How to Upload a Report to ALM

1445

HP ALM Connection Dialog Box

1446

Upload Report to Test Lab Dialog Box

1448

Setup

1449

Configuring Graph Display

1449

How to Customize the Analysis Display

1449

Display Options Dialog Box

1450

Editing Main Chart Dialog Box (Display Options Dialog Box)

1452

Chart Tab (Editing MainChart Dialog Box)

1453

Series Tab (Editing MainChart Dialog Box)

1454

Legend Window

1455

Measurement Description Dialog Box

1458

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

Page 33

User Guide

Measurement Options Dialog Box

1459

Legend Columns Options Dialog Box

1460

Apply/Edit Template Dialog Box

1461

Color Palettes

1463

Color Palette Dialog Box

1463

Working with Analysis Graph Data

1466

Determining a Point's Coordinates

1466

Drilling Down in a Graph

1467

Changing the Granularity of the Data

1468

Viewing Measurement Trends

1469

Auto Correlating Measurements

1470

Viewing Raw Data

1471

How to Manage Graph Data

1471

Drill Down Options Dialog Box

1473

Auto Correlate Dialog Box

1474

Graph/Raw Data View Table

1477

Graph Properties Pane

1478

Filtering and Sorting Graph Data

1480

Filtering Graph Data Overview

1480

Sorting Graph Data Overview

1480

Filter Conditions

1481

Custom Filter Dialog Box

1490

Filter Dialog Boxes

1491

Filter Builder Dialog Box

1493

Hierarchical Path Dialog Box

1494

Scenario Elapsed Time Dialog Box

1494

Set Dimension Information Dialog Box

1495

Vuser ID Dialog Box

1496

Cross Result and Merged Graphs

1497

Cross Result and Merged Graphs Overview

1497

Cross Result Graphs Overview

1497

Merging Types Overview

1498

How to Generate Cross Results Graphs

1500

How to Generate Merged Graphs

1501

Merge Graphs Dialog Box

1501

Analysis Graphs

1502

Open a New Graph Dialog Box

1502

Vuser Graphs

1504

Rendezvous Graph (Vuser Graphs)

1504

Running Vusers Graph

1505

Vuser Summary Graph

1506

Error Graphs

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

1507

Page 34

User Guide

Errors per Second (by Description) Graph

1507

Errors per Second Graph

1508

Error Statistics (by Description) Graph

1509

Error Statistics Graph

1510

Total Errors per Second Graph

1511

Transaction Graphs

1512

Average Transaction Response Time Graph

1512

Total Transactions per Second Graph

1514

Transaction Breakdown Tree

1515

Transactions per Second Graph

1516

Transaction Performance Summary Graph

1517

Transaction Response Time (Distribution) Graph

1518

Transaction Response Time (Percentile) Graph

1518

Transaction Response Time (Under Load) Graph

1520

Transaction Response Time by Location Graph

1520

Transaction Summary Graph

1521

Web Resources Graphs

1522

Web Resources Graphs Overview

1522

Hits per Second Graph

1523

Throughput Graph

1524

HTTP Status Code Summary Graph

1525

HTTP Status Codes

1525

HTTP Responses per Second Graph

1527

Pages Downloaded per Second Graph

1528

Retries per Second Graph

1530

Retries Summary Graph

1531

Connections Graph

1531

Connections per Second Graph

1532

SSLs per Second Graph

1533

Web Page Diagnostics Graphs

1534

Web Page Diagnostics Tree View Overview

1534

Web Page Diagnostics Graphs Overview

1535

How to View the Breakdown of a Transaction

1536

Web Page Diagnostics Content Icons

1537

Web Page Diagnostics Graph

1538

Page Component Breakdown Graph

1540

Page Component Breakdown (Over Time) Graph

1541

Page Download Time Breakdown Graph

1542

Page Download Time Breakdown (Over Time) Graph

1544

Page Download Time Breakdown Graph Breakdown Options

1546

Time to First Buffer Breakdown Graph

1547

Time to First Buffer Breakdown (Over Time) Graph

1549

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Client Side Breakdown (Over Time) Graph

1551

Client Side Java Script Breakdown (Over Time) Graph

1552

Downloaded Component Size Graph

1553

User-Defined Data Point Graphs

1554

User-Defined Data Point Graphs Overview

1555

Data Points (Average) Graph

1555

Data Points (Sum) Graph

1556

System Resource Graphs

1557

Server Resources Performance Counters

1557

Linux Resources Default Measurements

1558

Windows Resources Default Measurements

1559

Server Resources Graph

1561

Host Resources Graph

1561

SNMP Resources Graph

1562

Linux Resources Graph

1563

Windows Resources Graph

1564

Network Virtualization Graphs

1565

Packet Loss Graph

1565

Average Latency Graph

1568

Average Bandwidth Utilization Graph

1569

Average Throughput Graph

1571

Total Throughput Graph

1572

Network Monitor Graphs

1573

Network Monitor Graphs Overview

1574

Network Delay Time Graph

1574

Network Segment Delay Graph

1575

Network Sub-Path Time Graph

1576

Web Server Resource Graphs

1577

Web Server Resource Graphs Overview

1577

Apache Server Measurements

1577

IIS Server Measurements

1578

Apache Server Graph

1578

Microsoft Information Internet Server (IIS) Graph

1579

Web Application Server Resource Graphs

1580

Web Application Server Resource Graphs Overview

1580

Web Application Server Resource Graphs Measurements

1581

Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP) Graph

1589

Oracle9iAS HTTP Server Graph

1589

WebLogic (SNMP) Graph

1590

WebSphere Application Server Graph

1590

Database Server Resource Graphs
DB2 Database Manager Counters

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

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DB2 Database Counters

1592

DB2 Application Counters

1598

Oracle Server Monitoring Measurements

1602

SQL Server Default Counters

1604

Sybase Server Monitoring Measurements

1605

DB2 Graph

1608

Oracle Graph

1609

SQL Server Graph

1610

Sybase Graph

1611

Streaming Media Graphs

1611

Streaming Media Graphs Overview

1611

Media Player Client Monitoring Measurements

1612

RealPlayer Client Monitoring Measurements

1613

RealPlayer Server Monitoring Measurements

1614

Windows Media Server Default Measurements

1615

Media Player Client Graph

1616

Real Client Graph

1616

Real Server Graph

1617

Windows Media Server Graph

1618

J2EE & .NET Diagnostics Graphs

1618

J2EE & .NET Diagnostics Graphs Overview

1619

How to Enable Diagnostics for J2EE & .NET

1619

Viewing J2EE to SAP R3 Remote Calls

1619

J2EE & .NET Diagnostics Data

1621

Example Transaction Breakdown

1621

Using the J2EE & .NET Breakdown Options

1626

Viewing Chain of Calls and Call Stack Statistics

1628

The Chain of Calls Windows

1629

Understanding the Chain of Calls Window

1630

Graph Filter Properties

1632

J2EE/.NET - Average Method Response Time in Transactions Graph

1633

J2EE/.NET - Average Number of Exceptions in Transactions Graph

1633

J2EE/.NET - Average Number of Exceptions on Server Graph

1634

J2EE/.NET - Average Number of Timeouts in Transactions Graph

1635

J2EE/.NET - Average Number of Timeouts on Server Graph

1636

J2EE/.NET - Average Server Method Response Time Graph

1637

J2EE/.NET - Method Calls per Second in Transactions Graph

1637

J2EE/.NET - Probes Metrics Graph

1638

J2EE/.NET - Server Methods Calls per Second Graph

1640

J2EE/.NET - Server Requests per Second Graph

1641

J2EE/.NET - Server Request Response Time Graph

1642

J2EE/.NET - Server Request Time Spent in Element Graph

1642

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J2EE/.NET - Transactions per Second Graph

1644

J2EE/.NET - Transaction Response Time Server Side Graph

1645

J2EE/.NET - Transaction Time Spent in Element Graph

1646

Application Component Graphs

1647

COM+ Average Response Time Graph

1648

COM+ Breakdown Graph

1649

COM+ Call Count Distribution Graph

1651

COM+ Call Count Graph

1652

COM+ Call Count Per Second Graph

1653

COM+ Total Operation Time Distribution Graph

1654

COM+ Total Operation Time Graph

1655

Microsoft COM+ Graph

1656

.NET Average Response Time Graph

1659

.NET Breakdown Graph

1660

.NET Call Count Distribution Graph

1661

.NET Call Count Graph

1662

.NET Call Count per Second Graph

1663

.NET Resources Graph

1664

.NET Total Operation Time Distribution Graph

1668

.NET Total Operation Time Graph

1668

Application Deployment Solutions Graphs

1669

Citrix Measurements

1670

Citrix Server Graph

1674

Middleware Performance Graphs

1675

IBM WebSphere MQ Counters

1675

Tuxedo Resources Graph Measurements

1677

IBM WebSphere MQ Graph

1679

Tuxedo Resources Graph

1680

Infrastructure Resources Graphs

1681

Network Client Measurements

1681

Network Client Graph

1682

HP Service Virtualization Graphs

1682

Service Virtualization Graphs Overview

1683

HP Service Virtualization Operations Graph

1683

HP Service Virtualization Services Graph

1684

Flex Graphs

1684

Flex RTMP Throughput Graph

1685

Flex RTMP Other Statistics Graph

1685

Flex RTMP Connections Graph

1686

TruClient CPU Utilization Percentage Graph

1687

Flex Average Buffering Time Graph

1688

WebSocket Statistics Graphs

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

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Diagnostics Graphs
Siebel Diagnostics Graphs

1689
1690

Siebel Diagnostics Graphs Overview

1690

Call Stack Statistics Window

1691

Chain of Calls Window

1692

Siebel Area Average Response Time Graph

1694

Siebel Area Call Count Graph

1695

Siebel Area Total Response Time Graph

1696

Siebel Breakdown Levels

1697

Siebel Diagnostics Graphs Summary Report

1700

Siebel Request Average Response Time Graph

1701

Siebel Transaction Average Response Time Graph

1702

Siebel DB Diagnostics Graphs

1703

Siebel DB Diagnostics Graphs Overview

1703

How to Synchronize Siebel Clock Settings

1704

Measurement Description Dialog Box

1705

Siebel Database Breakdown Levels

1706

Siebel Database Diagnostics Options Dialog Box

1708

Siebel DB Side Transactions Graph

1710

Siebel DB Side Transactions by SQL Stage Graph

1710

Siebel SQL Average Execution Time Graph

1711

Oracle - Web Diagnostics Graphs

1711

Oracle - Web Diagnostics Graphs Overview

1711

Measurement Description Dialog Box

1712

Oracle Breakdown Levels

1713

Oracle - WebDB Side Transactions Graph

1716

Oracle - WebDB Side Transactions by SQL Stage Graph

1716

Oracle - Web SQL Average Execution Time Graph

1717

SAP Diagnostics Graphs

1717

SAP Diagnostics Graphs Overview

1717

How to Configure SAP Alerts

1717

SAP Diagnostics - Guided Flow Tab

1718

SAP Diagnostics Application Flow

1720

Dialog Steps per Second Graph

1721

OS Monitor Graph

1721

SAP Alerts Configuration Dialog box

1722

SAP Alerts Window

1723

SAP Application Processing Time Breakdown Graph

1724

SAP Primary Graphs

1724

SAP Average Dialog Step Response Time Breakdown Graph

1724

SAP Average Transaction Response Time Graph

1725

SAP Breakdown Task Pane

1726

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SAP Server Time Breakdown (Dialog Steps) Graphs

1728

SAP Server Time Breakdown Graph

1729

SAP Database Time Breakdown Graph

1730

SAP Diagnostics Summary Report

1730

SAP Interface Time Breakdown Graph

1732

SAP System Time Breakdown Graph

1732

SAP Secondary Graphs

1733

Work Processes Graph

1733

TruClient - Native Mobile Graphs

1734

TruClient CPU Utilization Percentage Graph

1734

TruClient Free Memory In Device Graph

1735

TruClient Memory Consumed by Application Graph

1735

Analysis Reports
Understanding Analysis Reports

1736
1736

Analysis Reports Overview

1736

Analyze Transaction Settings Dialog Box

1737

Analyze Transactions Dialog Box

1738

New Report Dialog Box

1740

Analysis Report Templates

1742

Report Templates Overview

1742

Report Templates Dialog Box

1742

Report Templates - General Tab

1744

Report Templates - Format Tab

1745

Report Templates - Content Tab

1747

Analysis Report Types

1749

Summary Report Overview

1749

Summary Report

1749

HTML Reports

1753

SLA Reports

1754

Transaction Analysis Report

1755

Importing Data

1756

Import Data Tool Overview

1756

How to Use the Import Data Tool

1757

How to Define Custom File Formats

1758

Supported File Types

1758

Advanced Settings Dialog Box (Import Data Dialog Box)

1760

Define External Format Dialog Box

1761

Import Data Dialog Box

1763

Troubleshooting and Limitations for Analysis

1764

General

1765

Graphs

1766

ALM Integration

1766

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Microsoft SQL Server

1766

Additional Components

1769

Standalone Applications

Function Reference

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

1772

1774

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User Guide
Welcome to the LoadRunner User Guide

Welcome to the LoadRunner User Guide
Welcome to LoadRunner, the HP solution for application performance testing. LoadRunner stresses
your entire application to isolate and identify potential client, network, and server bottlenecks.
LoadRunner includes:
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VuGen. HP's tool for creating Vuser scripts. You use VuGen to develop a Vuser script by recording a
user performing typical business processes. The scripts let you emulate real-life situations.
Controller. Allows you to easily and effectively control all the Vusers from a single point of control
and monitor the scenario performance during test execution.
Analysis. You use Analysis after running a load test scenario in the HP LoadRunner Controller or HP
Performance Center. The Analysis graphs help you determine system performance and provide
information about transactions and Vusers. You can compare multiple graphs by combining results
from several load test scenarios or merging several graphs into one.

You can access various additional documentation for LoadRunner from Start > All Programs > HP
Software > HP LoadRunner > Documentation. In icon-based such as Windows 8, search for the User
Guide.

What's New in LoadRunner 12.50
Highlights
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JavaScript as a new scripting language for the Web - HTTP/HTML protocol, empowering scripting
capabilities.
Improvements in LoadRunner integration with HP Network Virtualization:
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Network Virtualization Analytics report provides advanced network performance breakdown,
including optimization suggestions.
Network Virtualization emulation provides support for additional protocols.

TruClient record and replay is now supported in Chromium, enabling cross-browser capabilities such
as the ability to record in one browser and replay in another.
LoadRunner Help Center is accessible both locally and online. To access the online help, click
http://lrhelp.saas.hp.com/en/12.50/help/.

For details about these highlights, see the sections below and their associated links.

New supported technologies and platforms
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Google Compute Engine available as a cloud provider in the Controller.

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Support of GWT DFE on Linux.

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Support for the latest versions of Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, and Firefox browsers.

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Support for latest versions of Eclipse and Selenium.

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Updated Linux load generator matrix with extended support for 64-bit systems. For details, see the
section Supported Linux distributions in the Readme file.

Improved HP Network Virtualization integration
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Simplified process for creating a test with "Network Virtualization Integration" on page 1366:
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Predefined virtual locations.

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Simpler access to the Network Virtualization settings from the LoadRunner user interface.

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Ability to define virtual locations for all protocols. For details, see the Product Availability Matrix.

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New Analysis graph comparing transaction response times by location.

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Unified licensing management (LoadRunner and Network Virtualization).

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The default installation of LoadRunner includes a Network Virtualization Community license with two
free Vusers capable of running in virtual locations.

HP NV Analytics
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Enhanced replay summary in VuGen, with Network Virtualization statistics for Web-based and
TruClient - Web protocols.
A fully functional version of NV Analytics with a 30-day license.
Network Virtualization Analytics Standalone and Predictor integrations, providing feedback that
enables you to improve your Web application performance. Analytics Standalone and Predictor are
separate installations, available in the DVD/Additional Components/HP NV folder.

For details, see "Network Virtualization (NV) Analytics Report" on page 303.

Protocol enhancements
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Web - HTTP/HTML:
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Ability to create script code in JavaScript as an alternative to C. For details, see "General > Script
Recording Options" on page 172.
Usability enhancements in GWT DFE mechanism.
Ability to generate WebSocket code directly from pcap files. For details, see "Analyzing Traffic" on
page 572.
Ability to create Vuser Script from HTTP Archive (HAR) files. For details, see "Analyzing Traffic" on
page 572.
Support for 64-bit recording in Google Chrome.
Ability to set default SSL level in Runtime settings. For details, see " Preferences View - Internet
Protocol" on page 288.

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Correlation settings enhancements, with improvements to the TestPad dialog box and ability to
exclude content types through the user interface. For details, see "Correlations >
Configuration Recording Options" on page 153.
Automatic password hiding within script code. For details, see "HTTP Properties > Advanced
Recording Options" on page 178.
Recording alerts, issuing warnings to indicate that SSL is not being recorded.

TruClient:
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Initial Authentication for NTLM and Kerberos authentications. For details, see web_set_sockets_
option in the LoadRunner Function Reference.

New protocol, TruClient - Web, allows cross-record and replay between Internet Explorer, Firefox,
and Chromium browsers. A script recorded with one browser, can be replayed in another browser.
For details, see "Record a TruClient script" on page 714.
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Ability to convert TruClient - Firefox or TruClient - IE scripts to TruClient - Web.

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New toolbox step, If Browser, allows you to add browser-specific steps.

A global watch panel allows you to view variable values using breakpoints. For details, see "Replay
a TruClient Script" on page 725.
Support for download filters in TruClient - Web scripts. For details, see the hints in the Network >
Download Filters view of the Runtime settings (F4).
"TruClient Event Handlers" on page 760 support for the following dialog boxes: alert, confirm,
prompt, and authentication.
Ability to mark Generic Browser steps as optional. For details, see "Enhance a script with Toolbox
functions" on page 753.
Improved reporting, by designating the time spent on object identification for optional steps that
were not replayed, as wasted time. For details, see "Resolve Object Identification Issues" on
page 736.
Enhancements to the user interface:
o

Ability to group multiple steps into an action.

o

Ability to rename a function library.

o

Ability to close dialog boxes using the Esc key.

o

Ability to open context sensitive help using the F1 key from all dialog boxes.

o

Ability to apply a dark theme to the TruClient sidebar.

A TruClient standalone setup file allows you to install TruClient independent of VuGen. Access the
setup file in the Standalone Applications folder under the installation media's root folder.

Citrix:
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Support for XenApp with App-V.
Ability to override recorded synchronization area by specifying exact values for top-left point,
width, and height of the synchronization area in the "Snapshot Pane" on page 77.

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Improved "Citrix Recording Tips" on page 452with additional tips and guidelines.

.NET:
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Ability to synchronize when launching the Citrix agent. For details, see ctrx_wait_for_event in the
LoadRunner Function Reference.

Support for Async and Await modifiers for "Asynchronous Calls" on page 595.
The filter manager is now a dockable pane, accessible from the View menu. For details, see ".NET
Recording Filter Pane" on page 97.
You can manage a method's inclusion or exclusion from the VuGen editor's context menu. For
details, see "Guidelines for Setting .NET Filters" on page 600.

Web Services: Ability to create Vuser script from Fiddler .saz files. For details, see "How to Create a
Script by Analyzing Traffic (Web Services)" on page 891.
Flex:
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Support for RTMP over SSL (RTMPS).. For details, see "RTMP/RTMPT Streaming" on page 506.

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Ability to insert a text check from the "Floating Recording Toolbar" on page 229

RDP: Session management improvements, with ability to resume unclosed sessions and terminate
sessions at the end of a replay. For details, see the field descriptions in the RDP > Advanced view in
the Runtime settings.
POP3, SMTP, IMAP: When recording a login step in which an IP address was specified, the script saves
the IP address instead of the host name. For details, see "Mailing Service Protocols Overview" on
page 560.
RTE: New explicit disconnect API command. For details, see the TE_disconnect in the LoadRunner
Function Reference.
SAP - Web, Siebel - Web: Support for remote and local proxy recording. For details, see "Recording
via a Proxy - Overview" on page 220.
Java over HTTP: Support for DFE extensions (with the exception of GWT).
Windows Sockets: Support for SSL. For details, see lrs_start_ssl in the LoadRunner Function
Reference.

VuGen replay summary improvements
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Improved replay statistics details and ability to view results for script actions.

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Export replay statistics to PDF.

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Link to Network Virtualization Analytics reports for Web-based and TruClient protocols.

For details, see "Replay Summary Pane" on page 123.

VuGen general usability improvements
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JavaScript language support for Web - HTTP/HTML protocol. For details, see "General > Script
Recording Options" on page 172.

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Proxy recording enhancements: Support of traffic filtering, client-side certificates, and error
detection. For details, see "Recording via a Proxy - Overview" on page 220.
Ability to enable/disable Async rules when recording a script. For details, see "Asynchronous Options
Dialog Box" on page 409.
Correlation support for JSON content type (Windows platform only). For details, see web_reg_save_
param_json in the LoadRunner Function Reference.
Ability to edit and save all file types in VuGen code "Editor Pane" on page 69.
Enhanced keyboard support for the Runtime Settings views. For details, see "Runtime Settings
Overview" on page 280.

Analysis improvements
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Support for HTML reports in Google Chrome and Firefox browsers. For details, see "HTML Reports" on
page 1753.
New "TruClient - Native Mobile Graphs" on page 1734 graphs were added showing CPU, memory, and
free memory on device.

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Performance and Graphs UI improvements.

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New "Transaction Response Time by Location Graph" on page 1520.

Security enhancements
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Updated to OpenSSL version 1.0.2d incorporating all of the latest security fixes.

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FIPS Windows compatibility.

Load generator improvements
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Docker installation for Linux load generators. For details, see the LoadRunner Installation Guide.

Increased documentation accessibility
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LoadRunner Help Center is available on the Web. You can switch between the online and local Help
Centers using the button at the top right of the Help Center page.

Integrations with latest HP product versions
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HP Mobile Center:
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TruClient - Native Mobile protocol integration with version 1.50 of HP Mobile Center. For details
see the Mobile Center Help.
New "TruClient - Native Mobile Monitors" on page 1332 and "TruClient - Native Mobile Graphs" on
page 1734 showing CPU, memory, and free memory on mobile device.

HP Service Virtualization:

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Integration with HP Service Virtualization 3.70.
Auto deploy functionality allowing services to be deployed automatically when test run begins. For
details, see "How to Use Service Virtualization when Designing Scenarios" on page 1376.
Improved "HP Service Virtualization Setup Dialog Box" on page 1378 for configuring services
before the test run.
Improved "HP Service Virtualization Runtime Dialog Box" on page 1380 allowing interaction with
services during runtime.

Jenkins plugin: HP Application and Automation Tools integration with Jenkins version 1.602.
Integration with recent versions of the following HP products:
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HP SiteScope

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HP Unified Functional Testing (UFT)

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HP Application Lifecycle Management (ALM)

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HP Performance Center

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HP Business Process Monitor (BPM)

For more details about the supported integrations for LoadRunner, see the HP Software Integrations
Support Matrices.
For details about the supported versions, see the Product Availability Matrix.

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VuGen

VuGen
HP Virtual User Generator (VuGen) is a component of LoadRunner, enabling you to record and develop
scripts for load testing.
To learn more about VuGen, see "Introducing VuGen" below.

Introducing VuGen
Welcome to LoadRunner's Virtual User Generator, VuGen, HP's tool for creating Vuser scripts.
When testing or monitoring an environment, you need to emulate the true behavior of users on your
system. HP testing tools emulate an environment in which users concurrently work on, or access your
system. To perform this emulation, the human is replaced with a virtual user, or a Vuser. The actions
that a Vuser performs are typically recorded in a Vuser script. The primary tool for creating Vuser scripts
is HP's Virtual User Generator, also known as VuGen.
You use VuGen to develop a Vuser script by recording a user performing typical business processes. The
Vuser scripts let you emulate real-life situations.
This following sections describe how to create scripts through recording or manual development, and
the various protocols supported by VuGen.
You use the scripts created with VuGen in conjunction with other products, as follows:
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HP LoadRunner, a tool for performance testing, stresses your entire application to isolate and
identify potential client, network, and server bottlenecks.
HP StormRunner Load is a cloud-based load testing solution that allows Agile development teams to
create effective tests.
HP Performance Center implements the capabilities of LoadRunner on an enterprise level.
HP Business Service Management (BSM) helps you optimize the management and availability of
business applications and systems in production. VuGen is used in conjunction with the following BSM
components:
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Business Process Monitor (BPM) software is a synthetic monitoring solution that simulates
business transactions—whether or not real users are active. You use VuGen to create scripts for
BPM, in order to reuse assets in testing and production environments.
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Real User Monitoring (RUM) software monitors application performance and availability on
business critical application services, for all users. You use VuGen to capture and replay user
sessions, and to create test scripts that reflect real user behavior.

Performance Testing as a Service (PTaaS) enables you to run and analyze performance tests on
your web applications using resources in the cloud. You can use VuGen to record HTTP/HTML scripts
that are uploaded to the PTaaS script cloud repository.
HP AppPulse enables you to monitor applications across traditional, mobile, virtualized, and cloud

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VuGen

environments. You can use VuGen to record scripts for AppPulse, across a range of protocols. The
scripts are imported into AppPulse and used for availability and performance monitoring, by
automatically reproducing the activity of the user.

Vusers
Vuser Technology
You use VuGen to develop a Vuser script by recording a user performing typical business processes on a
client application. VuGen records the actions that you perform during the recording session, recording
only the activity between the client and the server.
During recording, VuGen monitors the client and traces all the requests sent to and received from the
server.

After the recording, VuGen generates various functions that define the actions performed during the
recording session. VuGen inserts these functions into the VuGen editor to create a basic Vuser script.
Instead of having to manually program the application's API function calls to the server, VuGen
automatically generates functions that model and emulate real world situations.
VuGen not only records Vuser scripts, but also replays them. Replaying scripts from VuGen is useful for
debugging. It enables you to determine how a Vuser script will run when it is executed as part of a larger
test.
During playback, Vuser scripts communicate directly with the server by executing calls to the server API
functions. When a Vuser communicates directly with a server, system resources are not required for the
client interface. This lets you run a large number of Vusers simultaneously on a single workstation, and
enables you to use only a few testing machines to emulate large server loads.

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VuGen

In addition, since Vuser scripts do not rely on client software, you can use Vusers to check server
performance even before the user interface of the client software has been fully developed.
To effectively use the Vuser scripts, you add them to a scenario using the LoadRunner Controller. While
running the Vusers, you gather information about the system's response. Afterwards, you can view this
information with the Analysis tool. For example, you can observe how a server behaved when one
hundred Vusers simultaneously withdrew cash from a bank's ATM. For details, see "Introducing
Controller" on page 1049.
VuGen records Vuser scripts on Windows platforms only. However, a recorded Vuser script can be run on
both Windows and Linux platforms.
You can also program Vuser scripts in your native programming application such as MS Visual Studio. To
access the LoadRunner API, install the appropriate IDE add-in provided on the LoadRunner DVD.

Vuser Types
LoadRunner supports several Vuser types:
Vuser
Type

Description

Protocol LoadRunner supports various types of Vusers using the most common protocols. Each type
Based
is designed to handle different aspects of today's system architectures. You can create a
Vusers
Vuser script using a single protocol or multiple ones.
For a complete list of the available Vuser protocols, see "Vuser Protocols" on page 426.
Unit
Test
Based
Vusers

LoadRunner supports unit tests in the form of .dll or .jar/.class files, created in Microsoft
Visual Studio or Eclipse.

GUI
Vusers

LoadRunner can integrate functional testing scripts in the form of GUI tests into a load
testing scenario. You create GUI tests using HP Functional Testing software - QuickTest or
Unified Functional Testing.

To create these tests, install the appropriate IDE for Developer add-in, available in the
Additional Components folder of the LoadRunner DVD.

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You can only run a single GUI Vuser on a Windows-based load generator. Use Citrix to run
multiple GUI Vusers. For additional information on Windows-based GUI Vusers, see "Using
Unified Functional Testing Tests in LoadRunner" on page 1264.

Keyboard Shortcuts
The following tables list the keyboard shortcuts available for the VuGen menus:

File Menu
New > Script and Solution

Ctrl+N

Open > Script/Solution

Ctrl+O

Add > New Script

Ctrl+Shift+A

Add > Existing Script

Alt+Shift+A

Close > Document

Ctrl+F4

Close > Solution

Ctrl+Shift+F4

Save Script

Ctrl+S

Save All Scripts

Ctrl+Shift+S

Reload File

Ctrl+Shift+U

Print

Ctrl+P

Exit

Alt+F4

Edit Menu
Undo

Ctrl+Z

Redo

Ctrl+Y

Cut

Ctrl+X

Copy

Ctrl+C

Paste

Ctrl+V

Delete

Del

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Select All

Ctrl+A

Format > Surround with

Ctrl+J

Format > Increase Indent

Tab

Format > Decrease Indent

Shift+Tab

Folding > Toggle fold

Ctrl+Shift+M

Folding > Toggle all folds

Ctrl+Shift+L

Folding > Show definitions only

Ctrl+Shift+P

Show Function Syntax

Ctrl+Shift+Space

Complete Word

Ctrl+Space

View Menu
Solution Explorer

Ctrl+Alt+L

Search Results

Ctrl+Alt+R

Bookmarks

Ctrl+Alt+K

Steps Toolbox

Ctrl+Alt+B

Snapshot

Ctrl+Alt+P

Steps Navigator

Ctrl+Alt+S

Thumbnail Explorer

Ctrl+Alt+T

Properties

Ctrl+Alt+F4

Output

Ctrl+Alt+O

Full Screen

Alt+Shift+Return

Search Menu
Quick Find

Ctrl+F

Find Next

F3

Find Next Selected

Ctrl+F3

Find in Files

Ctrl+Shift+F

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Quick Replace

Ctrl+H

Incremental Search

Ctrl+E

Reverse Incremental Search

Ctrl+Shift+E

Bookmarks > Toggle Bookmark

Ctrl+F2

Bookmarks > Prev Bookmark

Shift+F2

Bookmarks > Next Bookmark

F2

Go To

Ctrl+G

Design Menu
Action > Delete Action

Delete

Action > Rename Action

F2

Insert in Script > New Step

Alt+Insert

Insert in Script > Start Transaction

Ctrl+T

Insert in Script > End Transaction

Ctrl+Shift+T

Insert in Script > Comment

Ctrl+Alt+C

Parameters > Parameters List

Ctrl+L

Parameters > Create New Parameter

Ctrl+K

Parameters > Configure Parameter Delimiters

Ctrl+B

Design Studio

Ctrl+U

Record Menu
Record

Ctrl+R

Regenerate Script

Ctrl+Shift+R

Recording Options

Ctrl+F7

Replay Menu
Run

F5

Stop

Ctrl+F5

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Compile

Shift+F5

Toggle Breakpoint

F9

Continue Debugging

F5

Run Step by Step

F10

Runtime Settings

F4

ALM
ALM Connection

Ctrl+Q

Windows Menu
Next Window

Ctrl+Tab

Prev Window

Ctrl+Shift+Tab

User Interface
The VuGen user editor and panes are the environment you will be working in while you record, replay,
and debug a Vuser script.

VuGen Workspace
The VuGen workspace enables you to record, edit and debug your Vuser script. The VuGen workspace is
divided up as follows:

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Script Editor
VuGen's Editor enables you to edit recorded scripts and other supplementary files such as header files.
You can open multiple files simultaneously, navigating tab by tab. The editor also supports multiple
programming languages, code coloring, code folding (enables you to selectively hide and display
sections of your code), code completion and tooltips for C scripts. For details see "Editor Pane" on
page 69.

Project Management Panes
The project management panes include the Solution Explorer, the Step Navigator and the Outline pane.
By default they all appear on the left side of the workspace. The Solution Explorer enables you to easily
organize and navigate through script entities, enhancing the recording, replay and debug process. You
can create a solution containing multiple scripts of different protocols related to a full-cycle business
process. Each script entity includes extra files (such as header files), runtime settings, parameters, and
replay runs. For details see "Solution Explorer Pane" on page 60.
The Step Navigator enables you to navigate to a selected step in your script. If your script contains
many steps, you can use the search box to search for matching text in the different parts of the steps.
For details see "Step Navigator Pane" on page 67

Window Panes
VuGen has a number of window panes which by default are displayed at the bottom of the workspace.
Each window pane deals with one specific aspect of working with the script. For example, the Errors

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pane displays all errors in the script.
The following table describes each pane and provides a short use case scenario.
Pane

Used For:

For Details:

Bookmarks

Specifying a location in a script so that you can easily find it later on
for editing.

See
"Bookmarks
Pane" on
page 76

Errors

Displaying script errors, warnings and messages generated from
script replay.

See "Errors
Pane" on
page 87

Creating custom filters for error messages.
Snapshot

Displays server and client data associated with a specific step in a
script. The format of the data is dependent on the protocol used for
creating the script.

Data Grid

Simplifying views of all recordsets associated with the script. Valid
for specific protocols such as MSSQL. Contains either sent or
received data.

See "Snapshot
Pane" on
page 77

Parameterizing and manipulating data displayed in the data grid.
Tasks

Adding, editing or searching for tasks related to a script or solution.

See "Tasks
Pane" on
page 88

Thumbnail

Following the business process that the script has recorded.

See
"Thumbnail
Explorer" on
page 85

Output

Event log from different operations in VuGen such as code
generation, replay, and recording.

See "Output
Pane" on
page 90

Breakpoints Managing breakpoints in Vuser scripts to help debug the scripts.

See
"Breakpoints
Pane" on
page 92

Watch

Monitoring variables and expressions while a script runs, and is in the
Paused state.

See "Watch
Pane" on
page 95.

Call Stack

Viewing information about the methods and functions that are

See "Call Stack

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Pane

Used For:

For Details:

currently on the call stack of your script, or the context in which the
run session was paused.

Pane" on
page 94

Properties Pane and Steps Toolbox
The Properties pane and Steps Toolbox are displayed on the right side of the workspace.
The Properties pane displays the selected object's properties, such as the object's location. Each object
has its own specific properties list. You can sort the property list according to category or by
alphabetical order.
The Steps Toolbox displays a list of API functions which you can drag and drop into your script. The API
functions are divided into categories. For details on each API function refer to the HP Loadrunner API
Reference Guide. For more details on the Steps Toolbox see "Steps Toolbox Pane" on page 74.

Standard Layouts
VuGen has many different window panes which you may want to display or hide based on what you are
currently doing. You can also move the panes around the workspace, in order to customize the
workspace layout. VuGen comes with a set of standard layouts:
l

Default

l

Debug

l

Plain

l

Record

l

Replay

l

Snapshot

Each layout is designed to enhance a specific phase of the Vuser script development process. For
example, the Replay layout includes the panes that are most useful when you run a Vuser script: Errors,
Call Stack, Watch, Breakpoints, Output, and Runtime Data.
VuGen automatically uses specific layouts during specific phases of the script development process. For
example, the Record layout is used while you record a script, and the Replay layout is used when you
replay a script.
The VuGen toolbar displays the layout that is currently used:
. To change the
layout, click the Layout drop-down and select the required layout from the list of layouts, as shown
below.

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For details on how to customize VuGen layouts, see "How to Modify the VuGen Layout" below.

Customizing your Workspace
You cannot add or delete a standard layout. However, you can modify most of VuGen's standard layouts
to meet your specific requirements. When you modify a layout, you can add, move and resize zones,
select which panes to include in each zone, and specify which of these panes is displayed by default. For
task related details, see "How to Modify the VuGen Layout" below. After you modify a standard layout,
VuGen maintains that layout until you change the layout again or reset the default layouts.
Note: VuGen does not save any changes that you make to the Plain layout.

Restoring the layout defaults
On the VuGen toolbar, click the Layout drop-down, and select Reset to Defaults. VuGen resets all
standard layouts to their default settings.

How to Modify the VuGen Layout
The VuGen window is composed of a number of zones. Each zone can contain a variety of panes, such as
the Errors pane and the Snapshot pane. When more than one pane is included in a zone, the panes
appear as tabs within the zone. This section describes how to customize and modify the zones and
panes that appear in the VuGen window.

Moving a pane to a new zone
You can move any VuGen pane to a new zone. The new zone can be either a portion of an existing zone,

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or it can occupy the entire left, right, top, or bottom of the VuGen window.
In the VuGen window, drag the title bar or tab of the pane that you want to move. (If the required pane
is not displayed in the VuGen window, you can select it from the View menu.) As you drag the pane over
the zones in the VuGen window, a complex marker is displayed in the center of the active zone and a
simple marker appears on each edge of the VuGen window.
Note: If you drag the title bar of a zone that contains multiple tabbed panes, then all the panes
in the zone are moved to the new zone.
Marker Type

Marker

Description

Complex marker
- Current zone

Positions the selected pane in a
new zone. The new zone is created
in the top, bottom, left, or right of
the active zone, according to the
arrow marker selected when you
release the mouse button.

Simple marker VuGen window

Positions the selected pane in a
new zone. The new zone is created
in the top, bottom, left, or right of
the VuGen window, according to
the arrow marker selected when
you release the mouse button.

Moving a pane to an existing zone
You can move any VuGen pane from one zone to another. When more than one pane is included in a
zone, the panes appear as tabs within the zone.
1. In the VuGen window, drag the title bar or tab of the pane you want to move. (If the required pane
is not displayed in the VuGen window, you can select it from the View menu). As you drag the pane
over the zones in the VuGen window, a complex marker is displayed in the center of the active
zone.

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2. Locate the cursor over the center button of the complex marker. When you release the mouse
button, the selected pane is added as a tabbed pane to the selected zone.
3. Repeat this procedure for each pane you want to move.
Note: If you drag the title bar of a zone that contains multiple tabbed panes, then all the panes
in the zone are moved to the selected zone.

Floating and docking panes
Docked panes are fixed in a set position within the VuGen window. For example, when you move a pane
to a position indicated by a marker, the pane is docked in that position.
Floating panes are displayed on top of all other windows. Floating panes can be dragged to any position
on your screen, even outside the VuGen window. Floating panes have their own title bars.
l

l

To float a pane, right-click the title bar, and click Float. The pane opens on top of all the other
windows and panes, with its own title bar.
To dock a pane, double-click the title bar, or right-click the title bar and select Dock as tabbed
document. The pane returns to its previous position in the VuGen window.

Solution Explorer Pane
The Solution Explorer enables you to manage your Vuser scripts. A solution contains Vuser scripts. Vuser
scripts consist of script files, extra files (such as header files), runtime settings, parameters and replay
runs. A solution can contain multiple scripts of different protocols.
The image below shows a Solution Explorer with two scripts.

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To access

Important
information

Do one of the following:
l

View > Solution Explorer

l

Press Ctrl + Alt + L

l

Solution Explorer is automatically displayed as part of the default layout.

l

l

l

l

HP LoadRunner (12.50)

You can move this pane to different areas of the Main User Interface. For details,
see "How to Modify the VuGen Layout" on page 58.
Other main interface panes such as Output, Error and Snapshot synchronize their
displays based on your location in the Solution Explorer.
You can double-click an asset to activate it in the editor area or right-click to
examine quick operations available for that asset.
You can bundle scripts in a solution. For example you can bundle scripts related to
one business process.

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Note: The solution explorer can not be imported into any of the existing
management tools such as ALM or Controller.
See also

l

"User Interface" on page 54

l

"How to Import Actions to a Script" on page 225

Understanding the Solution Explorer
Entity

Used for

Comments

Solution

Container
for all
script
objects.

Give your solutions meaningful names, such as the name of the business
process. The default solution name is "Untitled"

Scripts

Creating,
editing and
debugging
scripts.

Click once on a script, or one of its assets, to change the focus to that
script. VuGen applies any actions, such as clicking replay, to the script in
focus.
When any part of a script is selected, the menu options, toolbar and
window panes display functionality relevant to the script's protocol. For
example, if the script in focus is recorded in Web HTTP/HTML , the
Recording Options button is displayed on the toolbar. However, if the
script in focus is recorded in TruClient, the Develop Script button is
displayed on the toolbar.
Double-click the script's action to open it in the editor.
You can drag and drop scripts (.usr) from the file
directory to the Solution Explorer.

Extra Files

Storing
extra files
that are
used by the
script.

The data contained in extra files can include:
l

l

Common utility functions used by the script (for example, code)
Definition of constants and variables used by the script (for example,
code)

l

Special assets used during script execution (such as .jpeg files)

l

Data files manipulated by script code during script execution

l

Additional files to be parsed. For details, see "How to Create and Open
Vuser Scripts" on page 128.
The following are examples of valid file types that can be added
as extra files:

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Entity

Used for

Comments
.ws,.h,.c.,dat,.ini,.vbs,.java,.js,.txt,.tux,.rec,.msc,.vdf,.xml,.xsl,.dtd,.h
tml,.htm
You can drag and drop header files (from your file
directory. When you include files in the Extra Files node, these files are
automatically included in a LoadRunner scenario.
You can edit extra files in the editor if the file type is included in Tools >
Options > Scripting Tab > Script Management. Double click the extra file
to open it in the Editor. For details on how to modify the list, see
"Scripting Options" on page 111.

Runtime
Settings

Defining
the way a
Vuser
script runs.

You can access runtime settings for a specific script from the Runtime
Settings node in the Solution Explorer >