The Idiot's Guide To Statistics Jr., Ph.D., Robert A. Donnelly Statistics, 2nd Edition Alpha (
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- Cover Page
- Title Page
- Dedication Page & Copyright Page
- Contents at a Glance
- Contents
- Foreword
- Introduction
- Part One: The Basics
- Chapter One: Let’s Get Started
- Chapter Two: Data, Data Everywhere and Not a Drop to Drink
- The Importance of Data
- The Sources of Data—Where Does All This Stuff Come From?
- Direct Observation—I’ll Be Watching You
- Experiments—Who’s in Control?
- Surveys—Is That Your Final Answer?
- Types of Data
- Types of Measurement Scales—a Weighty Topic
- Nominal Level of Measurement
- Ordinal Level of Measurement
- Interval Level of Measurement
- Ratio Level of Measurement
- Computers to the Rescue
- The Role of Computers in Statistics
- Installing the Data Analysis Add-In
- Your Turn
- Chapter Three: Displaying Descriptive Statistics
- Frequency Distributions
- Constructing a Frequency Distribution
- (A Distant) Relative Frequency Distribution
- Cumulative Frequency Distribution
- Graphing a Frequency Distribution—the Histogram
- Letting Excel Do Our Dirty Work
- Statistical Flower Power—the Stem and Leaf Display
- Charting Your Course
- What’s Your Favorite Pie Chart?
- Bar Charts
- Line Charts
- Your Turn
- Chapter Four: Calculating Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Central Tendency (Mean, Median, and Mode)
- Chapter Five: Calculating Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Dispersion
- Range
- Variance
- Using the Raw Score Method (When Grilling)
- The Variance of a Population
- Standard Deviation
- Calculating the Standard Deviation of Grouped Data
- The Empirical Rule: Working the Standard Deviation
- Chebyshev’s Theorem
- Measures of Relative Position
- Quartiles
- Interquartile Range
- Using Excel to Calculate Measures of Dispersion
- Your Turn
- Part Two: Probability Topics
- Chapter Six: Introduction to Probability
- Chapter Seven: More Probability Stuff
- Chapter Eight: Counting Principles and Probability Distributions
- Counting Principles
- The Fundamental Counting Principle
- Permutations
- Combinations
- Using Excel to Calculate Permutations and Combinations
- Probability Distributions
- Random Variables
- Discrete Probability Distributions
- Rules for Discrete Probability Distributions
- The Mean of a Discrete Probability Distribution
- The Variance and Standard Deviation of a Discrete Probability Distribution
- Your Turn
- Chapter Nine: The Binomial Probability Distribution
- Chapter Ten: The Poisson Probability Distribution
- Chapter Eleven: The Normal Probability Distribution
- Characteristics of the Normal Probability Distribution
- Calculating Probabilities for the Normal Distribution
- Calculating the Standard Z-Score
- Using the Standard Normal Table
- The Empirical Rule Revisited
- Calculating Normal Probabilities Using Excel
- Using the Normal Distribution as an Approximation to the Binomial Distribution
- Your Turn
- Part Three: Inferential Statistics
- Chapter Twelve: Sampling
- Chapter Thirteen: Sampling Distributions
- What Is a Sampling Distribution?
- Sampling Distribution of the Mean
- The Central Limit Theorem
- Standard Error of the Mean
- Why Does the Central Limit Theorem Work?
- Putting the Central Limit Theorem to Work
- Sampling Distribution of the Proportion
- Calculating the Sample Proportion
- Calculating the Standard Error of the Proportion
- Your Turn
- Chapter Fourteen: Confidence Intervals
- Confidence Intervals for the Mean with Large Samples
- Estimators
- Confidence Levels
- Beware of the Interpretation of Confidence Interval!
- The Effect of Changing Confidence Levels
- The Effect of Changing Sample Size
- Determining Sample Size for the Mean
- Calculating a Confidence Interval When σ Is Unknown
- Using Excel’s CONFIDENCE Function
- Confidence Intervals for the Mean with Small Samples
- When σ Is Known
- When σ Is Unknown
- Confidence Intervals for the Proportion with Large Samples
- Calculating the Confidence Interval for the Proportion
- Determining Sample Size for the Proportion
- Your Turn
- Chapter Fifteen: Introduction to Hypothesis Testing
- Hypothesis Testing—the Basics
- The Null and Alternative Hypothesis
- Stating the Null and Alternative Hypothesis
- Two-Tail Hypothesis Test
- One-Tail Hypothesis Test
- Type I and Type II Errors
- Example of a Two-Tail Hypothesis Test
- Using the Scale of the Original Variable
- Using the Standardized Normal Scale
- Example of a One-Tail Hypothesis Test
- Your Turn
- Chapter Sixteen: Hypothesis Testing with One Sample
- Hypothesis Testing for the Mean with Large Samples
- When Sigma Is Known
- When Sigma Is Unknown
- The Role of Alpha in Hypothesis Testing
- Introducing the p-Value
- The p-Value for a One-Tail Test
- The p-Value for a Two-Tail Test
- Hypothesis Testing for the Mean with Small Samples
- When Sigma Is Known
- When Sigma Is Unknown
- Using Excel’s TINV Function
- Hypothesis Testing for the Proportion with Large Samples
- One-Tail Hypothesis Test for the Proportion
- Two-Tail Hypothesis Test for the Proportion
- Your Turn
- Chapter Seventeen: Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples
- The Concept of Testing Two Populations
- Sampling Distribution for the Difference in Means
- Testing for Differences Between Means with Large Sample Sizes
- Testing a Difference Other Than Zero
- Testing for Differences Between Means with Small Sample Sizes and Unknown Sigma
- Equal Population Standard Deviations
- Unequal Population Standard Deviations
- Letting Excel Do the Grunt Work
- Testing for Differences Between Means with Dependent Samples
- Testing for Differences Between Proportions with Independent Samples
- Your Turn
- Part Four: Advanced Inferential Statistics
- Chapter Eighteen: The Chi-Square Probability Distribution
- Review of Data Measurement Scales
- The Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test
- Stating the Null and Alternative Hypothesis
- Observed Versus Expected Frequencies
- Calculating the Chi-Square Statistic
- Determining the Critical Chi-Square Score
- Using Excel’s CHIINV Function
- Characteristics of a Chi-Square Distribution
- A Goodness-of-Fit Test with the Binomial Distribution
- Chi-Square Test for Independence
- Your Turn
- Chapter Nineteen: Analysis of Variance
- One-Way Analysis of Variance
- Completely Randomized ANOVA
- Partitioning the Sum of Squares
- Determining the Calculated F-Statistic
- Determining the Critical F-Statistic
- Using Excel to Perform One-Way ANOVA
- Pairwise Comparisons
- Completely Randomized Block ANOVA
- Partitioning the Sum of Squares
- Determining the Calculated F-Statistic
- To Block or Not to Block, That Is the Question
- Your Turn
- Chapter Twenty: Correlation and Simple Regression
- Independent Versus Dependent Variables
- Correlation
- Correlation Coefficient
- Testing the Significance of the Correlation Coefficient
- Using Excel to Calculate Correlation Coefficients
- Simple Regression
- The Least Squares Method
- Confidence Interval for the Regression Line
- Testing the Slope of the Regression Line
- The Coefficient of Determination
- Using Excel for Simple Regression
- A Simple Regression Example with Negative Correlation
- Assumptions for Simple Regression
- Simple Versus Multiple Regression
- Your Turn
- Chapter Eighteen: The Chi-Square Probability Distribution
- Appendix A: Solutions to "Your Turn"
- Appendix B: Statistical Tables
- Appendix C: Glossary
- Index
- Dear Reader
- About the Author