Sorcerers_Apprentice_V4N4_Jun1982 Sorcerers Apprentice V4N4 Jun1982
User Manual: Pdf Sorcerers_Apprentice_V4N4_Jun1982
Open the PDF directly: View PDF 
.
Page Count: 36
| Download | |
| Open PDF In Browser | View PDF |
SIJ~[lE~E~~~
@
~(JJJ~ErlTI[lE
PAGE 73
VOLUME 4
TM
NUMBERS 4
June 1,
&
5
July 15, 1982
&
INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER USERS GROUP/NEWSLETTER
Copyright (C) 1982 by Sorcerer's Apprentice - All rights reserved
Price $3.00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------IN THIS ISSUE BELLY UP! •••••••••••••••••• 73
ODDS & ENDS •••••••••••••••• 74
PUBLIC DOMAIN - #2 ••••••••• 75
SOUND EFFECTS •••••••••••••• 76
SB LETTER MACRO •••••••••••• 76
NEWS FROM THE VALLEY ••••••• 77
RANDOM EXPANSIONS •••••••••• 78
OFFICE SORCERER •••••••••••• 80
SPREAD SHEET CONT'D •••••••• 81
'SWORD' REVIEW ••••••••••••• 82
PRINT 'EM WID E •••••••• 83
CASSETTE INDICATOR LIGHT •• 083
VENEZUELAN CONNECTION •••••• 84
EASY TYPING PRACTICE ••••••• 89
ON-LINE •••••••••• 0.0 ••••••• 89
USEFUL POKE COMMANDS ••••••• 89
ESF - ADDITIONAL INFO •••••• 90
@
ESF - OPERATING TECHNIQUES •• 91
ROM PAC NOTEBOOK - #4 •••••• 93
ROM PAC NOTEBOOK - #5 •••••• 94
MAG IC SQUARE S •••••••••••••• 95
REMOTE CP/M NOTES •••••••••• 95
T.O.S.C.A •••••••••••••••••• 96
PSEUDO PRINT USING ••••••••• 96
THE MAKING OF 'DUEL' ••••••• 97
TIPS ••••••••••••••••••••••• 91
MX-80 SUPER INTERFACE •••••• 97
FINANCIAL TABULATOR ••••••• 098
HARDWARE NOTES •••••••••••• 103
GET ML ROUTINES FROM B-PAC.103
MERGE ••••
0
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0
•
•
•
•
••
103
RELOCATED W-PAC MODS •• 0000105
RANDOM I/O •••• 0••••••••••• 106
4TH TIP ••••••••••••• 00 •••• 106
aSI BBLLY UP.
by Don Gottwald
Finally, we have the correct information (we hope) rqarding the status of Eddy
Systems, Inc. (ESI). Mike Mazzola of Biotech is refernng all calls regarding ESI
to Gary Jensen of Challenge Computer Corp.
I spoke with Gary Jensen and he confirms that Exidy Systems, Inc. is out of
Challenge Computers is NOT a replacement for ES I, nor will they support
the Sorcerer in any way. For any questions you may have, he suggests you contact
B.J. Freeman by mail at P.O. Box 70310, Sunnyvale, CA 94086, by phone at (408)
738-0185 or (408) 749-8871 or via the SOURCE at TCD284.
buaines..
Challenge Computers has bought some of ESI's inventory. They are currently
offering Model II's with 48K RAM for _700. They also have some single Floppy
Disk Systems (FDS) for _600 and add-on units for _500. No S-100 Unit is
required for these. A few Standard BASIC Pac's and Word Processor Pac's are
available, as well as some software. If you're interested in any of these items,
contact Gary Jensen at Challenge Computer Corp., 1225 Commerce Drive, Richardson,
TX 75081; tel. (214) 669-1101.
1
G
It appears that ESI could not generate enough cashflow to support the products
they were offering. According to Gary, about 5000 Sorcerers were sold in the United
States, versus 20,000 in Europe. (Figures quoted by ESI's management were
substantially higher. They said that 15,000 were sold in the U.S., versus 30,000 in
Europe). Compudata, B.V. of Holland still has manufacturing rights to the Sorcerer
and are currently producing them for the European market. (We will investigate the
possibility of support from Compudat a and report back to you).
Biotech owns all patents, copyrights and manufacturing licenses to the Sorcerer.
The designer of the original Sorcerer is reportedly negotiating with Biotech for the
manufacturing rights. We'll keep you posted.
(continued on page 89)
•
ODDS
a: BNDS
by Ralph LaFlamme, Editor
Greeting. after a long absence from
. these pages. I want to thank Don
Gottwald for pitching -in so well with
the last issue. He got the whole
thing out alone. I think he did a
auper jobl
I must apologize to a number of
you for my lack of personal contact
1n lome time. That 1ncludes those of
you who have tried to contact me via
the SOUR'CE and MicroNET. If you
have had file(s) for me to be picked
up off these systems in the I ast few
months, please contact me again via
the account numbers shown on the
back cover. Hopefully, I'll be better
able to return your inquiries.
I have been going through a good
deal of personal upheavals for the
last few months. I have just moved
from Troy, Michigan to the Lafayette,
Louisiana area. This, coupled with
problema in getting articles and ads
1n on time, and various equipment
problems, created a good many delays.
Out apologies for this and thank you
for your p adence. Hopefully, everything is now under control.
•
I have been accepted into the
gr aeluate progr am in Computer Science
at the University of Southwestern
Louisiana located in Lafayette, LA.
Consequently, I have to give up my
role as Bditor of this Newsletter. We
are in need of a new Bditor. If
anyone i. interested in this job,
please contact UI by mail at our P.O.
boz, or by phone. Don Gottwald
may be reached at (313) 286-92.65
and I at (318) 856-4954. Despite
all the headaches, I've enjoyed this
role and have enj oyed talking and
corresponding with you. I hope that
you give the new Editor as much
support as you have given me..
In order to try and get caught up,
i.sues 4 and 5 1n
one.. You are still Jetting an eIJual
number of articles 1n this combined
issue, you're just not getting a
duplication of covers, ada, application
form, etc.
we are combining
A.s. Marland of Boi. Colombes,
FraDCe advises that Bob Roth'. Z-80
Relocator program found in issue 3.4,
had an additional bug. Address 504E
reada: OC (INC C), but should read:
03 (INC Be). This ,ets the length
right when dealing With block. that
are a whole number of pages long.
He al.o add. that the new Monitor
1.1 retains a bug in the TBst
program. OK atill means there is a
zero at the indicated bit location,
while BAD alill mean. there is a one
with no indication of what the bits
ought to have been. Put another way,
the bad addtal ia compared with 00
during print out, even though it was
probably compared with something else
when the fault was actually detected.
POP BC (to recover B), PUSH bc (to
put C back on the stack) need to be
in.erted between E963 and B9641
Bob Freeman advises that he has an
Bztended Basic Star Trek program
containing 5 modules to run on 5
Sorcererl. The
modules
are
not
complete but are far enough along
74
for
someone to take over
and
complete. He has not had the time
to do this himself but will be glad to
provide any thoughts he has to any
interested parties. He used the Book,
Starship Simulation, by Dilithium
Press as his reference source. You
may contact him by phone on
Weekends (408) 749-8871 or via the
Source at TCD284.
Charles Boone, of Lokeren, Belgium,
advises us of the following European
sources for items available for the
Sorcerer:
Light Pen
This pen plugs into the parallel port,
comes with 5 programs to teach how
to use it Wlth BASIC and MLprograms and a demo program. This
1S avail able from: Gilbert Oegema,
Florisdonk 10, 4707 Vm Roosendaal,
The Netherl ands.
Gebr. Van Montfort, Smedestraat
13, 6418 CR Heerlen, The Netherlands, has the following five items
available:
1/0 Pac
This is an EPROM Pac with 24 I/O
lines, it has room for 2 EPROMs and
is user programmable.
BPROM Progummer
This EPROM Progr ammer plugs into
the I/O Pac above via a 25- pole Dconnector. This includes all necessary software which can be put into
the 1/0 Pac.
BPROM Pac
This can be used to plug in your own
software.
ROM Pac Bua Sy.tem
This buffered bus system allows you
to software select and insert anyone
'of eight possible Pacs without having
to turn off your system.
BXPAN Monitcn: Bzpansion Program
This powerful debugger/disassembler
takes the ezisting 13 Monitor commands and expands them with 23 new
ones. This program improves the old
ENTER, MOVE and SET commands
and adds others such as DA (Dump
Ascii)
HE (Hez -calallation) and
Breakpoint manipul ation commands
(SR, RB, DR, OS, DB, CO, ER, and
EX).
Leo Gielen, Zeishof 18, 6418 JJ
Heerlen, The Netherlands, has the
following 3 items avail able:
EPROM Br_
This inezpensive eraser takes about 45
minutes to do its thing on four
EPROMS at once.
Monitor ROM Version 1.lB
This ROM fues all known bugs while
still maintaining
the 1.0 jumpaddresses. It has a switch available
to allow switching back and forth
between Versions 1.0 and 1.18 if you
should so choose.
Game Interface I DA Converter
This sys tem cont aJ.n~: 1) A j o~sti~
interface· 2) MuslC lDterface whlCh is
compatibie with Arrington's st andard;
3) An amplifier;. 4) An 8-bit DA
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
converter based on a DA chip, not a
cheap set of resistor s.
ERRATA: In issues 3.8, it was
erroneously stated that the Vista disk
system uses soft-sectored disks. We
are advised that it should have read
10 hard-sectored.
@
Wim Plaat at Triangle Systems
advises that their Word Pac Plus
program will not be released. They
have had too many bugs to work out.
Anyone with unresolved complaints
about their order for this program,
please contact Wim direct.
Anyone using CP/M 2.xx
and
Spellbinder
have
probably
noted
occasional problems with lost files.
The file is OK long when you go to
load the file later. You know you
wrote it to disk properly and got a
message back
as to how many
characters were saved. What happened?
There appears to be a bug in the
latest version of Spellbinder. It does
its own 10 calls rather than using
CP/M's
console
input
(CONIN),
output (CONOUT) routines. Consequently, when you write a file to
disk, it does not flush the buffer, to
transmit the balance of the file and
then write an end of file mark.
To prevent this loss, do a query (Q
command) of the directory immediatelr after saving a file. This will
f ush the buffer and close the file
properly. This has been working fine
for me now. I've lost some big files
by not realizing this I Lexisoft is
aware
of
the problem
and
is
rectifying it. We'll let you know
about updates from Lex isoft as soon
as we hear something.
We have several Members who are
Ham oper ators. If any of you would
like to be in contact with other
Hams flease let us know (include
your 'ca 1 sign). We'll publish a list
of such members.
After trying several different cassette recorders, Steven Smouse, of
Keene, Tez as advises that he hlKl the
best luck with using the Sound
Design model #7636 recorder using
DAK Industries tapes. He found the
recorder to be the most important
factor in being
able to LOad
prorrams from tape with tape quality
a c ose second.
Late last year we had requested
information on your dealings with
Ezidy Systems, Inc. We were interested in approaching ESI with your
problems to see if we couldn't help to
lmpr ove the service. Since they have
now gone out of business, there is no
more point to this. I would like to
thank all of you who took the time
to respond to our request. Hopefull Yl
just writing about it helped some 0
you to relieve yourselves of some pent
up
frustr ations. There were more
than a few of youl
In response to issue 3.6 article,
"Galaxians Attackl", Lenn art Mansson, of S multronstig en, Sweden sends
along the scores of some of his
fellow students achieved while playing
this game. Look at thesel.
Kadn Kallmark
179440
Inge Melin
140320
Anders Kullberg
51980
June 1
&
July 15. 1982
@
IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN
cc
by Bruce Bl akeslee - CP/M & Micropolis Libr arian
906 Crestwood Road - West Westfield, NJ 07090
(201) 233-3185 (Evenings)
This installment of my column will focus on the CP/M
User's Group volumes. As I stated last issue, the CP/MUG
has been around since 1977. To date, it has produced 59
volumes of public domain software. This is a treasure trove
of useful programs and tutorial information on such topics
as
8080
and Z80
assembly
1anguage progr amming,
interpreter and compiler design and development, as well as
game and util ity progr amming.
The CP/MUG volumes are numbered 1-54 and 78-82.
Volumes 55 to 77 were re-issues of early SIG/M User Group
volumes. There was quite a row about CP /MUG re-releasing
these volumes without the authorization of S IG/M. To my
knowledge, this will not recur. I will not discuss volumes
55 to 77 as part of the CP/MUG as I will be covering them
in a later column on the SIG/M volumes.
Because of space limit ations, I will be giving a very
general overview of each volume. For a more complete
catalog of the CP/MUG and SIG/MUG volumes see the end
of this column.
Volume 43 ••••• Osborne CBASICZ Accounts
Pal:able and Receivable (BUlS)
Volume 44 ••••• Os orne General Ledger (BUGS)
Volume 45 ••••• Osborne Payroll w/cost accntg.
Vohme 46 ..... CP~ Utilities
Volume 47 ••••• CP~ Utilit ies
Volume 48 ••••• BDS-C SaJqIl er Disk
Volume 49 ••••• Fortran and RAlFCR Progrmns
Volume 50 ••••• P asc al Conp il er, SPEID
Volume 51 ••••• Stage2 Macro Processor
Volume 52 ••••• Utilities
Volume 53 ••••• BDS-C Adventure
Volume 54 ••••• Xitan Disk Basic Programs
• •• Volume 55 - 77 are re-issues of SIG~ Disks
Volume 78 ••••• Utilities
Volume 79 ..... Modan Progrmns for Pl'&1I, and
Smart Modem
\a.lME 80 ••••• Crananco Structured Basic
Prograns.
Volume 81 ••••• CP/M Ut il i ties
Volume 82 ••••• North Star BIOS routines
2
= Of
interest fran the
point of software
devel opment.
3 = Of limited interest
• Disks May Be Ordered Fran Me
•
At The Address Above
•
•• _8.00/disk
•
•
•
•
•
•• Please
•
Volume 1 ••••• Various CP~ Utility Progrmns
0)
(2)
Volume 2 ••••• Lawrence Livermore Basic and
Disk Tiny Basic.
Volume 3
Various Bas ic E Games
(1)
Actor, M..80 and Fortran-80 Code (2)
Volume 4
Basic E COmpiler and Progrmns
(1)
Volume 5
Volume 6
Ut il i ti es and Ganes
(1)
Volume 7
PIIDr language
(1)
Volume 8
CP~ Utilities
(2)
Vohme 9
Gener al Ledg er by Bud Shmnburg er (1)
Volume 10 ••••• Lawr ence Livermor e Bas ic
(2)
interfaced to CP/M
Volume 11 ..... Disk Tinybasic and Disk Processor(2)
Technology BASIC/5.
Volume 12 ..... Pilot Interpreters patched for
(1)
CP/M.
Volume 13 ••••• BASIC-E/CBASIC and MBASIC Games (1)
Volume 14 ..... CP~ Utilities
(2)
Volume 15 ..... Ut il i ti es and non-BASIC games
(2)
Volume 16. .... As sembi eIS, Ut il i ti es, and KlO\L (1)
Volume 17 ••••• Utilities, Denver Tiny BASIC
(2)
and NCN-BASIC gmnes.
(2)
Volume 18 ..... Math Routines, Moni tors and
G.Sl<\L - toO CP ~ hook up.
Volume 19 ..... Utilities - Hardware specific
(2)
Volume 20 ••••• BASIC-E and CBASIC Programs
(1)
Volume 21 ..... Microsoft Basic Programs - Games (1)
Volume 22 ..... Monstrous Star Trek Ganes - too (1)
big for most systems but can be
cut down.
Volume 23 ..... SIDIC Compiler
(1)
Volume 24 ..... CP~ Utilities, Macro Libraries (2)
and RAlFCR.
(1)
Volume 25 ••••• Utilities, CP~ S]DIC
( 1)
Volume 26 ••••• MBASIC and KR1R.AN Games
(1)
Volume 27 ••••• MBASIC Ganes
(1)
Volume 28 ..... Bas ic-E Ut il it ies and Games
Including a Data Base System and
and ALaL 1 ike 1 anguag e.
Vol ume 29 ••••• ASM Ganes and Ut il i ti es and CP ~ (2)
BASIC-E Vl.4 Floating Point
Source.
(2)
Volume 30 ••••• CP/M BASIC-E Vl.4 PLM Source
Volume 31 ••••• Tarbell Basic Manual and Source (2)
(2)
Vol ume 32 ••••• Tarbell Basic Source
Volune n ..... Search and Rescue Programs
0)
Volume 34 ••••• SAM76 Language
(1)
Volune 35 ••••• FELIX - Graphics Animation Sys. (2)
Volume 36 ••••• Assemblers, Editors, and Uti!. '5 (2)
Volume 37 ••••• CBASlC Programs
(1)
(2)
Volume 38 ..... Utilities and FASf
(1)
Volume 39 ••••• Music Programs
(1)
Volume 40 ••••• Disk Cataloging System
Volume 41 ..... Ham Radio Ctess Progr mns
(2)
Volume 42 ..... Dis as sembI eIS, Ut il it ies
(1)
June 1
11£
July 15, 1982
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2 )
(1)
0)
(1)
(1)
0)
(1)
(2 )
•
•
•
• _3.00/disk - you supply the
•
•
media FCIlMATIID. •
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
C[
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•
Not at ions Us ed Bel ow
•
•• 1 = A volume most will want ••
•
•
•
•
(1)
- I supply the
media.
include a minimum of
_1.50 Postage.
•
•
•
••
•
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
I realize that the above descriptions are scanty at best.
They are designed to give you a brief idea of available, low
cost softwate. J can provide a disk with a full catalog. I
will also provide the CP /MUG and SIG/M programs found
on the above disks at the costs outlined above. There are
now 59 CP{M disks and 69 SIG/M disks for a total of 128.
That is a ot of software. Please realize that much of the
software available must be converted to the Micropolis disk
format because the sector skew is different from standard
CP /M 8", single density disks. Also, there are often
machine specific routines in much of the software which must
be changed to work on the Sorcerer. The Monitor calls
will be different, the video is found in a different area,
and the screen size is non-standard just to mention a few
of the problems. For me, however, this has been the
interesting part. With the ASM files to work from, I have
learned a great deal about my machine and about
progr.amming. Getting one of these programs to run is a
real JOY.
Don't get me wrong. Many of the programs contained in
the CP/M disks will run without modification. Don't ~e
put off however, at having to rewrite something to make lt
run. It is a great way to learn and contribute. If you
are like me, you will struggle at first just to make the
programs run. At first, ignore the inelegance or the
optimization of
the program. After you have some
experience, you will find yourself adding conditional IF ENDIF Jrogram segments so those who have a Sorcerer can
easily
ter the program for. themselves a,!-d stil~ leave .the
original code untouched. Fmally, you will begm to hnd
ways to make the pro¥rams run more efficiently, correct
bugs you and others dlscover, and. make e~tentions. to .the
programs to provide for more options. It s a fasanatlng
task.
In the next issue, I will discuss the software available on
the SIG/M disks. I will also announce the first volumes of
the Sorcerer User Group. At this point, I have 4 volumes
that I am editing. They will be !Dad~ up of progr.ams
submitted by Sorcerer users and will lnclude TIP files,
BASIC Pac files, and other software designed to run on the
Sorcerer. I mention this now because I would like each of
you to begin thinking about submitting. programs YOU h~ve
written to the SUG. Anyone who submlts programs on dl.sk
will receive in return one disk of software of your chotee
free. The only thing I request, and I wil~ be careful ab~ut
this, is that you submit only public domun software whteh
you have written. Do not submit software you have
purchased.
If you have any questions I would love to talk to you.
can be reached most evenings at (201) 233-3185. Call me,
I love to chat about software and I would love to hear
what you are doing with your Sorcerer.G
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
75
SOUND BPPBCTS
by Thom as J. Sweeney
Thia is for all of those who own a
Sorcerer', Voke and have any kind of
space game proJlram •. The following
. routines were or18inally designed with
Star Trek in mind but can be used in
any of the space game.programs whkh
have been devised over the years.
Phueu
POR 1=1 10 30
aJI' 255 ,47
POR J=1 10 15:NBX1' J
aJI' 255 ,45
NBXl' 1
LISTING
; A
ISS
:%C
:%D
:%4
:%5
f
:%6
0=
$3
:%1 = %6 - %5 + 1
t
2" .2"
arr
RB'ruRN
Red Alert
POR JJ=1 10 5
POR 1=25 10 45
arr
255,1:OUT 255,1+1
POR J=1 10 10:NBX1' J
NBXI' 1
arr 255,255
POR J=1 10 30lNEXT J
NIlXI' JJ
RB'ruRN
lUioloO Ret1Uo Fire
REM 10= # OF KLIl'IiQlS
POR JJ=1 10 (10*2)
POR 1=50 10 25 STEP -1
arr 255,1
NBXI' I
arr 2" ,255
REM RAMXM DELAY BB'lWBEN SKJI'S
POR J=1 10 (INT(RND(I)·500+5»
NIlXI'
NBXI' J
RB'ruRN
Photoo Torpedo
POR J=1 10 40
arr
,50
NBXI' J
POR 1=50 10 25 STBP ~1
arr 255, I lOUT 255,1+1
NIlXI' I
J
2"
arr 2" ,2"
•
RB'ruRN
«<
CIASSIPIID ADS
.'
»>
_1/line
_1/line
===============================
FCIR SAUlI '18K SOIICCI:U II, 15" mcmhor,
D-Paq Progumll Miaobame, 3 games _1195. NBWI 1 BWe Pac _45, 1 Dev.
Pac _65. Writel Steve ClcuRh. 6444 W.
Pinecone Dr., Michisan City, Ilf; 46360.
===============================
COIIPLBTB LBTTBR MACRO FOR
S.BLLBlHDBR VBRSION 5.10
by Daniel Edward Behmer
Ita a miuocomputer consultant who
does work in many parts of the
world, I find that my SPELLBINDER
Word Processor is one of my most
frequeotly used pieces of computer
loftware. It is not unuaual for me
to lend out ten letters a day, each
CJuite iadividual in chsr acter. Therefore, it wu absolutely necessary that
I write a Macro in SPELLBINDER's
MSPBAK language t.o take care of
most of the tedious chores.
Included at the end of the Macro
yc;N will find complete instructions.
The ule of this Macro hu increased
my own letter writing production by
100% and I hope that you find it
useful u well.
76
COMPLETE LETTER MACRO FOR SPELLBINDER Version 5.10
28
= "1"
= "2"
= 2
= $3
:%3
U + U
:pr "U/U3/"
:pr "LETTER WRITING SYSTEM MACRO - by Daniel Edward Behmer n
:pr nU3/U3/"
:pr nTYPE (1) FOR FULL SYSTEM:
*********************** #13/ n
:pr n
*
* 113/ n
:pr nAIl space & Letter Options
* Note: letter must
* #13/ n
:pr nFi1e Card
* have () after the
* #13/ n
:pr nEnve10pe
* address.
* #13/ n
:pr nLetter
*
* U3/ n
:pr nFi1e Copy
* FULL INSTRUCTIONS
* 113/ n
:pr n
* AT END OF THE MACRO.* 113/ n
:pr "TYPE (2) FOR SHORT-CUT TO:
*---------------------* 113/ n
:pr n
* Options set at
* U3/ n
:pr "Envelope
* initiation:
* 113/ n
:pr "Letter
*
* 113/ n
:pr "File Copy
* single space letter * 113/ n
:pr "
* space not expanded * #13/ n
:pr "TYPE (3) FOR SHORT-CUT TO:
* your name only on
* 113/"
:pr n
* return address of
* 113/ n
:pr "Letter
* pre-printed enve1ope* 113/ n
:pr "File Copy
*
* U3/"
:pr "
*********************** 113/ n
lin "
YOUR CHOICE? " %E
:%F = "2n
Ion %E%F / 54 72
:pr nU/n3/ n
lin "Type (1) for Single space; (2) for double space n %C
:pr "1131"
lin "Type (1) for expand space; (2) for regular space n %D
:pr nU3/ n
:pr nType (1) for your full name and address on envelope 113/ n
:pr nType (2) for your first name only on pre-printed 113/"
.:in n
envelope --- n %4
:pr nU3/"
lin "Type (1) to file card; (2) to envelope; (3) to letter n %A
:%B = n2 n
Ion %AtB / 54 72
:pr "U3/ n
lin nInsert the FILE CARD, then (CR)n %A
y 1 90 110 2 0 1 1 65 2 1 0 0 25 10
pU
bU
:pr "U3/ n
lin "Insert the ENVELOPE in the Printer, then (CR) n %A
y 1 90 110 0 0 1 1 65 2 1 0 0 25 10
yt 0 2 0 0 12 12 7 3 3 0
pI/Dr. Daniel Edward Behmer
;Insert your name here
Ion %4-2 / 64 /
pI/Suite 611
IOn the opposite PL lines
p1/5440 Cass Avenue
;insert your return address
pI/Detroit, MI 48202
las in this example
Ion -1 65
3 pI
pI
pI
pI
yt 0 2 0 0 12 12 6 25 25 0
y 1 90 110 0 0 2 1 65 2 1 0 0 25 10
p%3
bU
Y 1 90 110 0 0 %C 1 65 %D 1 0 0 25 10
yt 0 2 0 0 12 12 7 10 10 0
:pr nU3/"
lin nInsert PAPER for letter, then (CR) n %A
y 1 90 110 2 0 %C 1 65 %D 1 0 0 25 10
pa
ff
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
Jtme 1 at July 15, 1982
g
~
~,.
f'F'Y
~
t
:pr njH3/"
:in "To print a FILE COPY, (CR) , otherwise (ESC) to END" %A
pa
ff
t
*** INSTRUCTIONS ***
,
This Macro was written for Version 5.10 of
,SPELLBINDER. If you are using an older version, you
,must change the (y) and the (yt) reformat lines since
,the older version has different reformat sequences.
,
The purpose of this Macro is to increase the pro,duction of correspondence in an office by automating
,several steps which are part of an effective system:
,the typing of the name and address on a file card if
,desired, the typing of the envelope with option for
,full return address or one line for pre-printed envelopes,
,the typing of the letter with whatever spacing options
,have been chosen, and finally typing an additional copy
,for the files if desired.
,SPECIAL DIRECTIONS:
,
You should insert your own name and address in place
,of mine in the Macro. If you have only a three line
,address, replace my fourth line with a npL".
,CAUTION: the lower case PL (pI) on my printer makes no
,distinction between lower case L and the numeral (1).
,The command on those lines is in fact PL in the lower
,case.
DO NOT type empty carriage returns for the OPTIONS.
,You must type in the number of the option you desire.
,However, when a prompting line shows a (CR). in that
,case only an empty carriage is given to indicate that
,you are ready for the Macro to continue.
,
I use a NEC Spinwriter 5510 as a printer. On the left
,side of the platen is an impression lever. I move that
,back one notch. This allows me to safely insert either
,a file card or envelope ON TOP of my tractor fed paper.
,Naturally, just before doing that I flip the paper tension
,lever on the right to ON in order to hold the card or
,envelope. Since I have not actually disengaged my paper,
,it is a simple matter to right things again and continue
,on with the printing of the letter.
,
This MACRO automatically counts the number of lines in
,the address. Therefore, it MUST have a mark (A) on the
,line following the address. Here is a sample letter format:
Mr. John Brown
123 Main Street
Cleveland. OB 46121
A(
(Note the mark and the CR which creates a spacel)
February 15, 1982
Dear Mr. Brown:
Thank you for your letter of last week. I am
planning to visit your office on Saturday.
Sincerely yours.
Your Name
@
After you type the Macro into SPELLBINDER using the
EDIT mode, you save it on your 'A' drive with an
appropriate name such as 'A:LET.WPM' • Please note
that the extension is required. When you want to use
the Macro at the beginning of a writing session, use
the COMMAND 'AD' which will ask you the file name. At
that point the Macro automatically initializes. For
subsequent use once it is in the buffer, simply use
the COMMAND 'A' to initialize the Macro.
, If you have any questions. please feel free to write
;to me by letter. My address is in the Macro. My Source
,address is TCT534.
Daniel Edward Behmer.
IWle 1 & July 15, 1982
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
FROM THE VALLEY
by Bob Freeman
I have just spent a wonderful day
going to the different little hole-inthe-wall stores here in the Santa
Clara Valley. Most of them had used
equipment of more or less the same
quantity and quality.
A few stood out. They had parts or
equipment that would delight the
Sorcerer user who has a low budget,
plenty of time and some technical
background.
The first is South Valley Electronics, Santa Clara California. Outside of Challenge Computers (the
company into which ESI was absorbed)
South valley has the largest
suppiy of logic boards, cases, and
printed circuit boards (PCB) in the
USA. They have unpopulated S-100
interface cards and the S-100 configuration PROM. These cards are not
the S-100 box PCB, but looks just
like an S-100 card. The Sorcerer
connects through the 50 pin buss
expansion to the top of this card.
The card can occupy any slot in the
S-100 mother board. All the interfacing I do to the 5-100 world is
with this card. A 12 slot S-100
mother board and power supply can
be scraped together for under _125.
The total cost would be under _225.
The second place of importance is
Anchor Electronics, Santa Clara California. They are the sole supplier
to the end user of California Computing S-100 bare boards. The bare
board runs for under _50 and boards
as Kits are under _200.
I am particularly interested in the
soft-sectored disk controller (CCS
24228) which lets me use use my
Exidy software. It allows anyone
who now has a Micropolis Quad
density hard sectored system to convert to the soft sectored and use the
same drives they have now. It does
require two drive boxes and a program
that allows auto transfer sector by
sector. I can provide that service at
a _5 copy fee + disk cost (unless
disks are provided). this controller's
many options make it great I I can
run 8" and 5 1/4" disks at the same
time. Also, if desired, it will auto
boot, can be polled or interrupt
driven, etc., etc. In the future, if I
go completely S -100, I can run most
of my Sorcerer CP/M programs, with
little modification.
I had to change the special 74LS237 program PROMs and the Monitor
PROM to allow it to work with the
Sorcerer. I will be glad to provide
the program listing for the 74LS237's
free or programed PROMs for both the
74LS237's and 2716 for under _ 80.
The best part of this controller is
the cost. The Bare board comes with
excellent documentation and costs
_49.95 plus tax. The Kit comes with
the board and all parts and sockets
for _184. It took me about 4 hours
to solder and test the board. The
total additional cost would be under
_300, the cost of one drive.
Anchor Electronics also has Bare
Boards for 32K static RAM (uses
2114's) priced at _44.95, 64K drnamic RAM kits for _174 (inc udes
200ns '1116's), and 10 Kits with both
serial and parallel ports from _165
to _185.49
77
RANDOM BXPANSIONS
by Bob J. Freeman
The following was precipitated by
the last Random I/O.column.
SYltem aashes can and usually ate
cauled by 7.. LS2 .. 1 data rud chips
100ing theit pull up ability. (see
ramapan.usr)
Word Processor Pac failures in most
Cales
ate due to the BPROMS
becoming UNprogramed.
The NBC 1500 and 2500 series
printer I will print bidirectionally by
throwing switches. A user program is
neceslaty to drive the bidirectional
feature of the printer. The Eddy
PPRINT program will drive the Word
Processor Pac. The disadvantage is
that the switch needs to be thrown
back to use the Sorcerer's internal
printer driver for patallel printers.
Note the NEC printers tend to
hang up when firu turned on or
when the Sorcerer is first powered up.
This can be overcome by adding a
2.2k resistor from IC8H-20 to IC8H3 (Sorcerer I) or IC9H-20 to IC9H3 (Sorcerer II).
The EXIDY disk controller cannot
read/write hud sectored disks. It is
designed atound the Western Digital
controller chip 1793. The 01 series
of the WDC chip hal Jjrograming
problems. If your contr ler hangs
up atart by replacing the 1793 with
the B02 series chip.
The Sorcerer CAN be run at .. mhz.
It requires the following
timing
modifk ationsl
1) RAM cycle time (may require
replacing RAMs)
2) RAM RAS to CAS hold time.
3) Double the CPU to 4.213MHZ
.. ) Use Z80A chip.
5) Replace various chips that may
not meet theit specs.
6) Replace the BRUCE PROM if a
MMI chip.
7) If uling disk rewrite the disk 10
to allow double the wait time
for head home command.
The Hacker's Manual is a compilation of Tech notes, engineering notes,
and des_ign chanBes I have made to
my machines and I believe will work
With others. The Manual includes the
switching
power
supply
for
the
Sorcerer II, 56K dynamk RAM, using
the new 64K ~" ·Real time clock,
and programable interrupt controller,
and many more things. The manual
ia _15 with updates at least once a
year for one year.
I have a Sorcerer II working at 4
mhz with lOft and hard sectored
controllers. I don't suggeat this
change be done by anyone who
cannot manufacture the complete
timing diagram for the Sorcerer. I
don't guarantee that everyone can get
theit Sorcerer to work Without a lot
of effort. (See Hacker's Manual for
hardware changes).
Keyboard bounce is caused by not
enough tenlion on the leaf spring in
the key. This can be increased by
bending the leaves towards each other
with care not to crease the spring.
(See Hacker'. manual for suggested
method).
78
The 56K RAM change should only be done by a competent technician. It
requires a lot of Oltting and jumpering and has only been tested on the Sorcerer
II. If there is anyone wil1in~ to offer their Sorcerer I machine for a 4- 6 month
period, I will do the modification and supply the parts free. (Labor is _120 and
patts ate about _90 as of June 82).
The switching power supply is capable of 5 amps at 5 volts with an operating
temperature of 37 degrees Celsius, warm to the touch. There ate no HOT
components. The power supply can be purchased 3 ways: 1) Bate board with
schematic (no technkal support) - _35. 2) Board (not an old power supply
board), Patts, schematics and technkal support (your phone calls) - _100. 3)
Completed board with watranty - _195.
Is there a way of using more than 56K (57344 bytes decimal) of RAM with the
Sorcerer? If so, how may this be accomplished?
The Sorcerer has two
program portion can be a
I and 48K (49152 bytes
Sorcerer I and II have 3K
portion of RAM.
separate RAM blocks: 1) program, 2) display. The
maximum of 32K (33088 bytes decimal) for the Sorcerer
decimal) for the Sorcerer II of RAM addressing. Both
(3072 bytes decimal) of RAM addressing for the display
For those of you without the Sorcerer Softwate manual, the program RAM is free
for any non-ROM Pac program from address OH (0 decimal) to within 144 bytes
of the top of RAM. The last approximately 80H (l44-decimal) bytes ate used by
the Monitor. ROM Pac programs use the lower memory OH to 1FFH (0 to 512decimal) for theit work atea also.
The disk operating
memory at the top.
Program memory from
to about 3200H (0 to
program uses about 8k (8129-decimal) bytes of program
Exidy CP/M (r) and Micropolis MOOS (r) also use the
OH to 100H (0 to 256-decimal). MOOS Operates from OH
36800 -decimal). These atea not avail able to the user.
So how does one get more memory? Well IIII For the Serious User there ate
two alternatives. This first is using magnetic storage the other is to increase
RAM. Both require modifying present softwate. And you thought there was a
simple answer ...fooled youl
Testing dynamic RAM can be long.
confidence.
Here are some hints to help you gain
On Power up do a "DU" of program RAM.
>DU 0
Addr
0000:
0010 :
0020 :
0030:
0040 :
0050:
0060 :
0070:
0080 :
0090:
OOAOI
OOBO:
OOCO:
OODO :
OOEO:
OOFO:
For example:
FF
o
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1
2
3
4
5
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
6
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
7
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
8
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
9
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
ABC
00 FF 00
00 FF 00
00 FF 00
00 FF 00
00 FF 00
00 FF 00
00 FF 00
00 FF 00
00 FF 00
00 FF 00
00 FF 00
00 FF 00
00 FF 00
00 FF 00
00 FF 00
00 FF 00
D
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
E
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
F
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
This is the dump you would see if you had Mostek 4116 RAM chips. The key is
that there is a pattern to all Dynamic RAM. Even though you may not see this
ex act pattern, tliere should be a pattern. For ex ample, a pattern like:
0000: 00 7F 00 OF 00 BE 02 FF 80 F8 OB 7C 00 7F 00 7F
could indkate:
a) A bad 74LS241 data buffer.
b) Low power supply voltages.
c) Possmly bad RAM chip.
(IC BC or IC 4D)
Testing of the access speed, which is more realistk than access time can be done
by using the TE test. The TE test uses many calls whkh require stack PUSHes
and POPs. The PUSH and POP ate the fas.test instruction in the Z80 set. Statt
by letting the stack in the 16K RAM block to be tested for speed, then test a 256
byte block of RAM in the same 16K boundaty.
EXAMPLE:
ENO
>0000: 21 LL HH C3 06 EO/
>GO 0
The LL stands for lower 8 bits of address and the HH stands for the Higher 8
bits of addr esse
If you have any questions, send them to me via SOURCE at
mail at P.O. Box 70310, Sunnyvale, CA 94086.8
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
TC0284 or by
June 1
&
July 15, 1982
m
I C
mentzer
electronics
590 South Hill Boulevard. Daly City. California 94014
(415) 584-3402
***********************************
Exidy 1.1 Monitor ROMS
$ 45.00
2 only S-100 10 cards, populated and tested
$225.00
1 only used Exidy S-100 box
(Plus Shipping) $350.00
CP/M 2.2 For the Exidy with Micropolis hard sector
$190.00
drives only. (CP/M is a trade-mark
of Digital Research)
CP/M catalog program, good for cataloguing your CP/M disks
$ 75.00
dBASE II Relational Database Management Program
$595.00
SPELLBINDER Word Processor
$395.00
Now also for the Exidy 77 track
soft sectored drives.
SPELLCHECK
Dictionary program to work with
$295.00
SPELLBINDER
Some Exidy programs on tape. call for listing.
We have Godbout Electronics, and Morrow Designs hardware.
Check with us for all your hardware needs.
**********************
C[
MASTER CARD and VISA on orders of $50.00 or more.
Shipping will be added to all orders.
California Sales Tax added for CA residents
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *** *
TERCENTENNIAL TECHNICAL
Video and Data Communications
Technical Services
* * * * * ** * * * * * * * ** * *
For quality Service on the following equipment:
Exidy Sorcerer Computers - Expansion Interface & Box
Radio Shack••• all models - Zenith/Heath - Atari
Leedex, Sanyo, Electrohome.••••••• and other brand monitors
Micropolis, Vista, Shugart, Percom, MPI •••and other drives
Modems, Dot Matrix Printers.•••••••••••••••••• most brands
Memory upgradES and new Monitor 1.1 PROM's available.
ServicES available on most home entertainment electronics:
Solid State Television, foreign and domEStic brands.
Video Recorders-- - Video Cameras-- - Video Monitors
Stereo Receivers---Audio Recorders---Rooord Changers
Video Switchers---Time/Date Generators---Video Disc Systems
Video GamES: Atari and others.
For above ServicES (Tech. lic. #8228), or consultation, call or write:
Jack MacGrath
TERCENTENNIAL TECHNICAL
@
P.O. Box 5
70 Tercentennial Drive
Billerica MA 01821
Phone, after 6:00 pm EDT, (617)667-8272
(This is now a part time businESs, but with YOUR help, I
hope to soon make it FULL time and render faster servICe!)
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
79
THB OPPICB SORCBRBR
by Roger Hagan
Application Note:
Transferring Program Output From
BASIC Programs to Word Processor
Since I am particuiady interested
in relating
the Sorcerer's Word
Proceslor Pac to business uses, I sell
a disk full of utilities and techniques
called "The Word Processor Augmented", whkh il an conltant evolution.
(Ownerl can eJ:change old editions
for new ones free.) A recent addition
to that disk is the following
technique for capturing thr output of
a lrogram in BzBuic u a screen,
an
placing that SCreen into the
Word Proceslor for incorpor ation into
a teu, I I well u further dressing,
1abell.! etc. The system requires disk
capabilities u
shown here. It is
useful when a Buic program draws a
complicated SCreen full of data, such
al my Spreadsheet program does, or a
graph, al ita Viz-a-plot module does.
The technique should be applicable to
anf program, even ones not in Buic,
10 long u a method of triggering the
disk lave without affecting the screen
can be found, and the screen image is
made of Aleii symbols which the Word
Proceslor will
accept. Spellbinder
should work u well u the Word
Proceslor Pac u the receiving system.
The Buk:-to-WP Truder
The Bddy Word Proceslor Pac is of
great value I I a SCreen editor, and is
the euiest way to dreas up 'program
:zut to be printed. ThlS note
esla one method to interface disk
Buk program output with the Word
Procalor P &Co It would apply u
well to a disk-bued word processor
like Spellbinder. It will also Ihow
bow to enter a forbidden autocommand to the Word Processor in order
to replace non-Aleii characters. (See
The Graphic Fix below.)
One advantase of a memory mapped
video Ifatem is that the screen contenta at any momcot may be treated
u data and laved. Thil can then be
loaded u a Word Procalor file to
integtate with other tat. This is the
!lPproach I take with SPRBADSHEET
in Bzbuic. There is now a "z"
command to lave the SCreen. The
trick is to give the command to save
or more the .creco data without
diatuming the screen, and to postpone
naming the file until after the save
for the lame reuon.
In gcoeral, two approacha to the
transfer of screen data could be
taken. One il to work with the Word
Proccalor Pac in place and move the
Kreen to ita work area, then load the
WP diak driver program which loads
an· initialized work atea to RAM
without closing off the memory file.
This approach amuhes the fiilt 16
aga of the previoul program or
anguage whkh produced the SCreen
image, 10 a repair version of the
prog_ram (or language) must be
available on diak to reload these 16
bottCID pages of the TPA and ezccute
a warm start. In Bzbuic a warm
.tart is Go 100 anyway, so no
changes would have to be made before
saving 16 pages of Ezbuic as, say,
EXBASA.COM. This method is illustrated at the end. (See Direct Use).
r
80
Another approach would be to move the screen RAM into the TPA and save it
under CP/M. This means the Pac need not be installed while working with the
Basic progum. This method is illustrated first.
It is not necessary to cdt Buic to save the screen. Since we may save strings
of up to 255 characters with Basic disk I/O routines, we need only fool Basic into
thinking that the screen area of RAM is 8 consecutive strings, 7 of 256 and 1 of
128 characters. The following code\ used in the latest verSlon of my SPREADSHEET program, achieves this. The ine numbers relate only to that program.
A.
The main program initialization must include this:
912 EF=aH1A:FOR I=OT07:SC_ (I)="":NEXT
This takes care of an end-of-file mark on the tape and declaring the big strings
so that VARPTR can find them.
B. At the time of the call, the screen address values must be poked into the
variable pointers for size and location of the SC_ strings, and then the strings
sent to disk. A temporary name is given the file automatically and changed after
the file is saved, 10 as not to disturb the saeen, since the strings are sent to the
disk buffer direcdy from the screen RAM.
700 FCR 1=0 10 6:V=VARP'IR(~(I»:PCKE V,&HF'F:PCKE V+l,&:H80:
PCKE V+2,aHFO+I:NEXI':PCKE V+3 ,arH7F: PCKE V+4 ,&:H80:P'CKE V+5 ,aHF7:
NJN ~(0-7) POINI'S 10 SClUlBII RAM IN 8 SI'RINiS
720 (PEN ''0'' ,#1, "SCREEN.WPF"
730 FCR 1=010 7:PRINI' #l,~(I);:NElCI':PRINI' #l,EF
740 ClCSE #1
750 PRINI':lflPur "NlIl1e for this file";NA_
760 NA_=NA_+" .WPF"
770 NIME "SCREEN.WPF" AS NA_
780 PRINI':IflPur "NCJW";I~:OOIO 114:RIlM To the menu choice processor
REM
C. At the end of the screen display, the program is altered to provide for one(ThlS is not essential if the cursor ends up
somewhere other than at the bottom of the screen where a scroll could lose a line
from screen RAM, since it will be easy to remove the command from the screen
image once it is ln Word Processor.)
key input to make a command choice.
30790 amSCR 50 27 : PRINT "Menu": IN_=INPur_(I):OOIO 114: REM
the menu choice processor.
A
SAMPLE
SCREEN
WITH
GRAPHIC
lOI DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUoI JUL AUi SBP
4000
3839
3678
3517
3195
3034
2873
2712
2551
2390
2229
2068
1907
1746
.1585
1424
1263
1102
941
780
619
458
297
136
-25
114 is
FIX
ocr
••••••••••••••••••••• 4 ___4 ___4 ___4 ___4 ___4 ___4 •••••
4_4-1
/
/
............
/ ...................................... .
4/
/
· ....... 1......................................... .
·....... ......................................... .
·....... ......................................... .
_9_9_9_9_9_9_9_9_9_9_9
• • 9_1_4/ ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Menu
1Wo ezpense factors: 4=rent
9=salaries.
(Clearly it would be easy to Bet rid of the unwanted "Menu" prompt above, and
to add label. and a frame if desired.)
D.
THE GRAPHIC FIX
In the above eJ:ample, the SPRBADSHBET graphing module uses a Sorcerer
graphic character for the vertical line to line up well with the slashes. This must
be replaced by a vertical line from the standard Ascii set to be handled by a
printer and by the Word Processor. This has been done above.
When this chart first comes on screen, therefore, an unacceptable reverse video
square-O graphic is seen in place of the vertical lines. This must be removed with
a search-and-replace. But the graphic character cannot be entered on a command
line -- no reverse video character can be, including underlined lettersl
So the
command line must be entered from the Monitor, and the command initiated by a
Monitor GO command, as shown nezt.
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
June
1 & July 15, 1982
)
==============================================================
I n This Ascii line, n 100 S Iii /I (a) .. ,
iI represents the graphic char acter to
be replaced, whose code is 80H. (The
code for underlined space is 100H, 80
plus 20, the s,?ace with high bit set.)
Enter the l1ne at
600H,
WP's
command line buffer.
>EN 600
600: 31 30 30 53 2F 80 2F 7C 2F
mJl
XX> CEE5
The file will return to the screen
with ~e char acter repl aced.
Direct
UIC
The lines of Basic above were
broulJht in from the program by
loading the program in Exbasic with
WP Pac in place, listing the desired
lines, going BYE into the Monitor
and commanding:
>MO F080 F7FF 80F
>EN F8F
F8F: 031
>GO 0
A>DISKDRIV
This brought the lines to the
editing screen. They needed some
cleaning up. Very often, removing a
leading space at the top drops many
lines into alignment. When they
were clean, the rest of the program
was loaded to join them in the work
space and things were bloc-moved
into place and resaved.
This concludes the .DOC file on
the Basic-to-WP Transfer. Next issue I will show how to merlJe the
screens to create long -line pnntouts
of all the columns in a broad
spreadsheet.
In selling word processing systems
to writers, I find them especially
interested in a method of counting
the
number
of words in
their
mmu~~~ ~~ are p~ ~ ~
word, or write to a specified lenlJth
in words. It happens that the eas1est
utility I've seen to do it is literally
given away as an extra when fou
purchase Staley's "SPELL" spell1ng
checker program. It is a separate
program called "FOG", the purpose of
which is to show both word count and
what proportion is
"big words".
With a text in RAM. one exits to
CPIM and types FOG. and in a
second or two 1S given his word count
and rel ated information.
The Spell program itself will be
compared to SPELLCHECK (Lexisoft's
SPELLGUARD) in my next column,
but I can point to one respect in
which it is unique - it can check a
Word Processor text in RAM as well
as one on disk. so short letters need
not be saved first to be checked.
However, it does require a disk system,
since the dictionary files are called
in from disk with a series of disk
accesses. I like these two progr ams
enough that I am planning to market
a version of the "WP Augmented" disk
that includes them. As you will see
nex t issue, there are utilities in
Spellcba:k not offered in Spell, but
the cost is a lot higher too ••
June 1 & July 15,1982
THE HAGAN SPREADSHEET Copyright c 1981 by Roger Hagan
Associates. 1919 Belmont Pl. E., Seattle. WA 98192 USA
(continued from page 67 of issue 4.3)
*** _____________ nLn Move left one (or 1/2) 4 col sector
***
19599 IF FG=l THEN 11790
19593 SC=SC-4:IF SCROWS THEN SR=ROWS-SZ+1
R=SR:CH=2+J-1
GOSUB 10990
GOTO 19215
_______________ nU n Move up a 20 or 10 row sector ---------
11500
11593
11510
11520
11600
11610
IF FG=l THEN 11909
SR=SR-SZ
IF SRCOLS THEN SC=COLS-3
GOTO 19275
***
*** --------------- These take over if nXn expand mode set --***
11709
11710
11890
11999
11910
***
***
***
SC=SC-2:IF SC "Y" THEN 13040
13038 PRINT SPC(10) CHR$(27) "9 n : REM ESC 9 sets left margin
***
(on some printers like Diablo and CItoh)
13040 RETURN
*** --------------- Turn printer off ------------------------13959 POKE -16432,249: REM SE O=V (E9F9,equ E91B)
13060 POKE -16431,233
13080 POKE -16434,64:REM BAUD 1290
13090 RETURN
***
*** _______________ nFn Display formulas ----------------------
***
*** --- Starts with clear lower screen routine used also by
amorization program.
***
***
14000
14002
14003
14004
14005
14010
OUT 0,20:FOR 1=1 TO 9:PRINT SPC(62) " n:NEXT
OUT 0,20:FORN=0T062:PRINTCHR$(184);:NEXT:PRINT
IF IN$=nJ n THEN RETURN
OUT 0,21
FOR A=l TO REL:B=l
:REM A=RELi, B=STAGE
IFCN(A,B)=0ANDDC(A,B)=0ANDOC(A+1)=9ANDOC(A+2)=9THEN14259
***
*** If not constant and no 2nd operand in this relation and no
*** or zero column address for next two results then stop.
***
14920 GOSUB 700
14040 GOSUB 730
14059 IF EI(A,B)=0 THEN PRINT n.":GOTO 14250
14055 FOR B=2 TO 5
14060 IF CN(A,B)=0 AND DC(A,B)=0 THEN 14250
14070 GOSUB 700
14080 PRINT FUNC$(A,B) FAC$;
14090 IF EI(A,B)=0 THEN PRINT ".n:GOTO 14250
14100 NEXT B
14250 NEXT A
14255 IF FRA(1)=0 THEN PRINT:PRINTnNo addition
specified.n:PRINT:GOTO 14360
1~260 PRINTnAdd rows n ;
14270 FOR 8=1 TO 3
14280 IF FRA(S)=0 THEN 14300
14290 PRINT FRA(S)nto nLRA(8) "onto row n STT(S) CHR$(l)n;n;
14300 NEXT
14310 PRINT:PRINT nexc1uding n;
14320 IF EX=0 THEN PRINT nnonen;:GOTO 14350
14330 FOR 8=1 TO EX:PRINT n,"XC(S)nNEXT
14350 PRINTn.n:PRINT:PRINT
14360 PRINTnReview the formulas. If any derived values (left of =)";
14363 PRINT n are used n
14370 PRINT "as arguments in another formula (right of =), n;
14373 PRINT "the relation which n
14380 PRINT nderives the value must occur ahead of that n;
14383 PRINT nwhich uses it. (Menu)n
14390 INPUT IN$
14400 GOTO 114
15000 REM ------------------- Delete a formula ---------------15005 PRINTCHR$(12)
15907 A=l
15010 INPUT"Nurnber of the formula to be de1eted n ;DL
15020 FOR I=DL TO REL
15023 IF A=l THEN 15030
15025 FOR I=REL+1TODL+1 STEP-1
15030 OC(I)=OC(I+A):OW(I)=OW(I+A):DJ(I)=DJ(I+A):DK(I)=DK(I+A)
15040 FOR N=l TO 5:CN(I,N)=CN(I+A,N):CO$(I,N)=CO$(I+A,N)
15950 DC(I,N)=DC(I+A,N):DR(I,N)=DR(I+A,N) : FUNC$ (I,N) =FUNC$ (I+A,N)
15060 EI(I,N)=EI(I+A,N):NEXT N:NEXT I
15070 IF A=lTHENREL=REL-1:GOTO 15085
15080 REL=REL+1
15085 GOTO 14000
16000 REM ------------------- Insert a formula ---------------16005 PRINT CHR$(12)
16010 INPUT"At what number will te list be opened for insertionn;DL
16020 PRINT:PRINTnOn seeing formula #nd1 nrepeated as #"DL+1 n,
command 'R ' and"
16030 PRINTnspecify #nDLnfor revision, then enter the Relationship
to insert. II
16040 A=:l:GOTO 15025
***
***
(continued on page 84)
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
83
(SPREADSHEET continued from page 83)
*** _______________ nRn Define relationships section ----------
***
28888 IF OC(REL)=8 THEN 28818
28885 REL=REL+l
28818 IF P=8 THEN PRINT CHR$(12)
28812 O$="E"
28828 PRINTnRelationships are entered in the form:"
28848 PRINT:PRINT "Destination value at (column, row) is ";
28843 PRINT "the result of Data In
28858 PRINTn(column, row) affected by either a Constant or ";
28853 PRINTnother Data, via"
28868 PRINT"a Function (* / + or -). If the result of this n;
28863 PRINTncalculation is"
28878 PRINTnan Intermediate element rather than the final n;
28873 PRINT"Entr¥ for then
28888 PRINT"dest1nation position, queries will prompt ";
28883 PRINT"the next constants,"
28898 PRINT"data, and functions needed to complete the n;
28893 PRINT"formula. n
28128 PRINT:PRINT"The relationshi~s are numbered as you ";
28123 PRINTnenter them, and to be
28138 PRINT "changed must be called by number and n;
28133 PRINT"re-entered completely."
.
28148 PRINT:PRINT a»~»~»~»~ Do not enter straight columnar ";
28143 PRINTnor row addition in"
28158 PRINT nthis section. Later queries will offer that ";
28153 PRINT"oftion.":PRINT
28168 PRINT n Enter column, row' wants numbers with a n,
28161 PRINT"comma between them.":PRINT
28163 PRINT nDerived values used as arguments must be n;
28164 PRINT"derived before use. n
28165 PRINT:PRINTnThis will be Relationship i"REL".n:PRINT
28168 O$="N"
28178 PRINT "You will be.,asked column and row numbers for n;
28173 PRINTnthe destination n
28174 PRINT "value and all the argument values. You may now:"
28188 PRINT n
Delete a relationship formula,n
28181 PRINT n
Insert a formul, reV1ew the Sheet,"
28182 PRINT n
enter Column addition parameters onl¥,n
28183 PRINT"
pass on to Enter the next relationsh1p,n
28184 PRINT"
or enter the NUMBER of a relationship to n;
28185 INPUT"be re-defined.
";0$
28193 IF LEFT$(O$,l)="I n THEN 16885
28194 IF LEFT$(O$,l)=nS" THEN GOSUB 2838
28195 IF LEFT$(O$,l)="C n THEN GOTO 28528
28196 IF LEFT$(O$,l)="D" THEN 15885
28197 IF O$a n• THEN O$="E"
28198 IF ASC(O$) <58 THEN RH=REL:REL=VAL(0$):N=8
28199 PRINT:PRINT '
28288 INPUT"Destination: (enter column, row) n; OC(REL), OW(REL)
28285 PRINT:CNa 8:N=8
28218 INPUT"equals Data 1 (enter column, row) n;OJ (REL), DK (REL)
28214 PRINT
28215 N=N+1
28238 INPUTnacted on br a Constant, or other Data (choose) ·;0$
28231 PRINT
28239 IF O$="D" THEN CN(REL,N)=8:GOTO 28258:REM---Constant fctr
28248 PRINTnConstant (express a percentage as decimal: 18 as • l)n;
28241 INPUT CN(REL,N):PRINT
28242 INPUT "Name of constant"; CO$(REL,N)
28244 GO'l'O 28268: REM
--- Data factor
28258 PRINT "Where is the other data (enter column, row) n;
28253 INPUT DC(REL N) ,DR(REL,N)
28268 PRINT:PRINT 'Enter the function by which the latter n;
28263 PRINT "data or constant acts on"
28Z78 INPUT "data 1. *, / +, or -",FUNC$(REL,N)
28288 PRINT:INPUT nls result the Entry or an Intermediaten;O$
28488 IF O$=nI" THEN EI(REL,N)=l:GOTO 28418
.
28485 EI(REL,N) = 8:GOTO 28458
28418 PRINT:PRINT nThe intermediate value in the destination n;
28415 PRINT" slot is now to ben: GOTO 28215
28458 PRINT:PRINT nTo enter more relationships, type 'M'. n,
28453 PRINT" ~ define co1umn n
28468 PRINT "addition, t~ 'C'. To return to ";
28463 PRINT "sheet, type S'.n
28478 PRINT"You may always return to define more relationships.n
28472 IF RH<>8 THEN REL=RH: M=8
28473 INPUT" n;O$
28488 IF 0i-"M" THEN 28888
28588 IF 0 ="S" THEN IN$="Hn:GOTO 128
28585 IF 0 a"· THEN 114
28518 IF O$<>nC" THEN PRINT nRe-enter your choice.n:GOTO 28458
***
*** --------------- Column addition parameters section ------***
28528 SEC=l:PRINT:PRINT nThe column may be totaled n;
28523 PRINT nentire1y, with defined exceptions,"
(continued on page 85)
84
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
THE VBNBZUBLAN CONNECTION
by Roger Pfeil
Thank you very much for your fine
Newsletter. It is very difficult to get
Sorcerer-related information here in
Venezuel a. The printer -drivers and
Data-save routines, which I found
there, have eliminated
hours
of
headaches. I just wish I had had all
this information available right after
I bought my Sorcerer in 1979.
Let me just share some of my own
findings with you, which might be
useful for other readers:
Serial Iaterface Cable
I bought both my parallel and
serial interface cables from EXIDY.
There was no problem with the
parallel cable: I plugged it into the
computer and an MX-80 printer,
pressed the , command of my WP Pac,
and off she went.
Not so with the serial cable: Ag ain
I plugged in both ends connecting the
Sorcerer with my Ander son - Jacobson
printer and tried the print command:
- - - nothing I Thinking back, I am
thankful that neither the typewriter
nor the computer blew up.
The serial cable consists of a fl at
25-wire cable and a printed circuit
board with outlets for tape saving
and recording, including remote controis, as well as a 25 pin outlet for
a RS-232 device.
Pint I found out that I had to
invert wires No. 2 and 3. Still
nothing I
Sccoudl, checking the wire connections of the Serial Cable, I noticed
that the 25-line flat cable, which
comes with EXIDY's Serial Connection had been placed into the plug
inverted: Pin No.1 became No.l3 at
the other end. I opened up the plug,
turned the flat cable over and
inserted it ag ain.
Now the printer worked with the WP
Pac, but not with BASIC programs.
Thirdl" for some reason beyond my
comprehension, the ODS command does
not work with the serial port, like
the O=L command does with the
parallel
output. I
would
expect
EXIDY to mention this fact ill their
Guided Tour of 'erloaal Computins
and provide a Serial Driver in this
Manual for the Sorcerer. Finally I
found the information in the Ter:haical Manual, but still had to modify
the Machine Language program to
include a delay, which took me, the
beginning computerist, many other
hours of frustr ating work.
POIUtbly, I hooked up my two tape
recorders to the respective outlets on
the l'rintcd circuit board of EXIDY's
Serial Cable. After typing CSAVE
and RETURN, I or rather EXIDY
really blew it. The tape recorder
quit working completely (a fuse had
blown) and the Sorcerer refused to
SAVE any more text (the transistor
of the Sorcerer's Cassette ou~ut had
been broken). The problem IS that
EXIDY has interconnected all Ground
and Shield wires on the printed
board, even though they warn in the
Tcdmicd Manual (p.36): "The Mic 2
shield must be completely insulated so
June
1
III
July 15, 1982
cc
that it cannot possibly touch any of
the other shields." My own problem
was simil ar, even though I was
working only with mike 1: The
ground of the motor control of my
Sony recorder (TC- 860) is differen t
from the mike-shidd. Shorting the
two caused the trouble.
In summation: Do not waste your
$98.- on a piece of equipment that is
so poorly done. For less than $20.a friend with a soldering iron could
fix you a better cable following the
schematics on pages 35-36 of the
Technical Manual.
Graphka With Word Procasor
The ca.Pability of the Sorcerer ~o
use forelgn letters was my maln
reason for purchasing this computer,
since I am a Hebrew teacher at an
evangdical Seminary. However, the
WP Pac rdoads the graphil:s area even
if it is entered from the Monitor with
a warm-start using "PP" or "GO
C003".
One way of avoiding the rdoad is
to re-enter the WP through the backdoor. I am using the end of the Ytable (DA70) for this purpose:
Enter the
Command.
Monitor
with
the
X
Note the location of the ShiftGraphic characters by punching the
corresponding
keys. Note:
The
letters are in alphabetical, not in
QWERTY order.
cc-
Load your letters into the corresponding location.
GO DA70
Write your letter, backspace and
underline. The graphic char acter
will appear on the screen instead
of the black-on-white letter.
This procedure will only display
graphic or foreign characters on the
screen. The output to the printer
will still be the underlined original
letter, unless a special ~rinter -driver
is used. Perhaps
somebody
could
devdop such a driver. It would have
to take a letter and place it into a
buffer. Then it would check the next
letter, to find out whether it is a
back-space. If
it
is, it would
eliminate the backspace
and the
following underline character and
enter the first letter into a special
subroutine, whereby it would enter the
printer into a dot -gr aphics mode and
send the 5x8 code for the foreign
letter from a look-up table. Has
anyone done anything similar to this
yet?
RAM Breakdown
@
The other day my Sorcerer got
stuck in the middle of a program.
No more input from the keyboard. I
switched the machine off and on
ag ain. The first two letters of the
sign-on could be seen, .then eva;ything
was
stuck
agun. PreSSing
RES ET
sometimes
produced
some
interesting gr aphics.
Removing
the BASIC Pac did not
(continued on page 86)
June 1 & July 15, 1982
(SPREADSHEET continued from page 84)
2115311 PRINT "or divided into two or three subtotals which ";
211533 PRINT"may or may not be"
2115411 PRINT "combined via a 'relationship'. If you do not ";
211543 PRINT"wish to divide the"
2115511 PRINT "column, you will call it all 'Section 1" and ";
211553 PRINT"~SS the remaining"
211555 PRINT queries. ";
2115611 PRINT '~hat is the first and last row to be added in"
211565 FRA(SEC)=II
2115711 PRINT nSection"SEC"? (Enter first, last row";
211573 PRINT"numbers.)
(You may"
2115811 PRINT"exclude selected rows next. Pass with a comma.)n;
211581 INPUT FRA(SEC). LRA(SEC)
211583 IF FRA(SEC)=II THEN 21161111
211585 PRINT:INPUT "On which row will total appear";STT(SEC)
2115911 SEC=SEC+l:IF SEC<4 THEN 2115611
21161111 EX=II:PRINT
2116111 PRINT nHow many rows altogether will you exclude from ";
20611 INPUT naddition";EX
20615 IF EX=0 THEN 20680
20620 PRINT:PRINT nWhich rows are to be excluded from ";
20623 PRINT"column addition? (If"
2116311 PRINT "none, pass.)";
20640 FOR 1=1 TO EX: INPUT XC(I):NEXT
20650 PRINT:PRINT nyou chose rows";:FOR 1=0 TO EX
20653 PRINT XC(I);:NEXT:PRINT" OK?"
20660 INPUT Q$
20670 IF LEFT$(Q$,l)="N" THEN 20600
20680 PRINT:PRINT"All columns will be added. There is no ";
20683 PRINTnprovision for non-A
"
20690 PRINT"add columns. Now you may define more Relationships
20700 PRINT"or make any other menu choice including Kalkulate."
20705 INPUT IN$
20710 GOTO 114
***
*** ---------------"K" Kalculations section -----------------***
*** --- Each column is calculated 4 times, with section
***
addition between each calCUlation.
***
22000 C=0:K=0:Q$="":REM 300=calculation, 500=addition
22010 OUT 1,29:PRINT nFiguring columnnC+ln ••• n;:GOSUB 300
22110 SEC=l
22120 V(C+l,STT(SEC»=0
22130 GOSUB 500:REM
Add first section
22150 GOSUB 300:REM
Calculate 2nd time
22160 SEC=2:IF STT(SEC)=0 THEN 22227
22165 V(C+l,STT(SEC»=0
Add second section
22170 GOSUB 500:REM
Calculate 3rd time
22180 GOSUB 300:REM
22190 SEC=3:IF STT(SEC)=0 THEN 22227
22200 V(C+l,STT(SEC»=0
Add third section
22210 GOSUB 500:REM
Calculate 4th time
22220 GO SUB 300:REM
Write sheet w/ results
22225 GOSUB 10000:0UT 1,27:REM
22227 IF C+l=COLS THEN 22250
22228 IF K=l THEN 22240
22230 INPUT n do Next col, All cols, or Stop";Q$
22235 IF LEFT$(Q$,l)=nA" THEN K=l:Q$=nN n
22240 IF LEFT$(Q$,l)=nN" THEN C=C+l:GOTO 22010
22250 IN$=nMn:GOTO 120:REM Write the sheet with move options.
***
*** ---------------" n Clear out all values, keep sheet -----***
*** ---- This is not given a command letter because it is
dangerous. To use it, one must break the program
***
and Goto 30000. It is used to save a blank sheet with
***
its labels and formulas, ready for re-use.
***
***
30000 FOR 1=1 TO COLS:FOR N=l TO ROWS:V(I,N)=0:NEXT N
30003 NEXT 1:IN$=nn:GOTO 114
***
*** _______________ nJ" Amortization calculation -------------***
30050 INPUTnEnter amount, term (months), & an. interest.";Pl,MO,A
30060 A2=A/100/l2:P2=Pl*(A2*(1+A2)MO)/«(1+A2)MO)-l)
30070 IF(P2-(100*P2-INT(100*P2»)<.5THENP2=INT(100*P2)/100:GOT030090
30080 P2=(INT(100*P2)+l)/100
30090 PRINTnMonthly payment is $"P2 n .":INPUT IN$:GOTO 114
***
*** ---------------"S" Set or clear row totals --------------***
30150 IF P=0 THEN PRINT CHR$(12)
30160 IF TC<>0 THEN 30250
30200 INPUT "Which column is for row totals";TC
30205 IF TC>13 THEN PRINT nToo high. ":GOTO 30200
(continued on page 86)
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
85
(SPREADSHEET continued from page 85)
(VENEZUELAN con t'd from p. 85)
38286 IF TC>COLS+1 THEN PRINT "Too high.n:GOTO 30200
38287 CD=COLS:IF TC>COLS THEN COLS=COLS+1
38289 CN$(8)=CN$(TC):CN$(TC)=nROW TOTAL n
38218 FOR R=l TO ROWS:V(8,R)=V(TC,R):V(TC,R)=0
38212 FOR C=1 TO TC-1:V(TC,R) =V(TC,R) +V(C,R) :NEXT C
38215 NEXT R
38228 IN$=nM·:GOTO 114
*** --------------- Clear the totals column, restore original
38258 CN$(TC)=CN$(8):FOR R=l TO ROWS:V(TC,R)=V(8,R):NEXT
38255 IF COLS<>CO THEN COLS=COLS-l
38268 TC=8:PRINT
38265 INPUT"Tota1s column erased. Do you want a row totals
column n ;Q$
38278 PRINT:IF LEFT$(Q$,l)="Y" THEN 38288
38275 IN$="M":GOTO 120
***
*** -----------"V" Plot a graph section
***
38588 IF P=8 THEN PRINTCHR$ (12)
38585 PRINT:INPUT"Print graph when donen;Q$
38518 PRINT
30520 PRINT"Tit1e for graph (appears at bottom, 68 ch.
max.) ": INPU'l"l'I$
30540 PRINT:INPUT"P10t how many rows (max. 6) n;PA
38550 PRINT:PRINTaWhich rows r by number (use n8 n ro recall them)n;
30560 FOR 1=1 ~ PA:INPUTP(I}:IF P(I)=8 THEN IN$="M":GOTO 128
38570 NEXT
385888=V(1,P(1»:L=V(1,P(1»
38598 FOR 1=1 ~ PA:FOR N=l ~ COLS:IF V(N,P(I»>H THEN H=V(N,P(I»
38688 IF V(N,P(I»SA
are
verified automatically after recording.
While this takes additional time, I
have never lost a record. The worst
that has happened is a parity error
on loading that required a second
attempt, or a head cleaning.
While reliability of the hardware is
excellent,
there is
a
QUALITY
problem with the wafers. A new wafer
18 certified before initial use. i.e. test
data are first recorded, and then read
over the entire length of the tape.
The Certify command does this once,
or a Certify Loop command will do it
10 timea in succession. I have found
that in a new batch of wafers t
approximately 10% will fail the
certifkation. These are usually the
longer wafers, 35 and 50 foot long.
Repeated attempts at certification will
allow a few marginal wafers to pass,
but the remaining are only good for
obtaining replacements from Ex atron.
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
Once a wafer has been initially
certified, it is a very reliable wafer.
The initial certification failures are a
significant annoyance, but do not
affect the system reliability.
The certification problem seems to
be wafer internal friction as the
endless loop of tape spirals inward in
the wafer. rubbing upon itself. The
frktion is also sensitive to temperature. My office is heated by wood
stove, and drops as low as 40 0 F in
the winter. After soaking at this
temperature some wafers may give
parity errors on the initial read
attempts. Warming the wafer slightly, will eliminate this problem. I
suspect most of you would not even
have this situation, but mention it
only to illustrate how some wafers
are very sensitive to intern al frktion.
The documentation supplied with
the ESF is good. It is particularly
clear in the section concerning two
minor modifications to the printed
circuit board, and the insertion of the
new Monitor
ROMs. I
had
no
problems with the modifications.
The manual details the changes
inc orp or ated in the Monitor ROMs. I
will only mention four that I find
affect the user.
1. The Monitor Work Area (MWA) has
been extended 10 bytes further
downward into user RAM.
2. The lOSE T = n commands to set
the baud rate are like the Exidy
1.1 Monitor.and therefore, the
reverse of the Exidy 1.0 Monitor
you may have.
3. The keyboard debounce routine has
been improved. I used to be
lagued with double 8's during
ong inJ?Ut sessions. This has
been eliminated.
r
4.
My printer would consistently
refuse the first software commands
of the day to print. This problem
has been diminated.
Now for the "good/bad news"
items. A program is included wih the
ESF for saving string arrays. However, the CSAVEo command for saving
numerkal arrays was not implemented
on the ESF. Personally, I find this
a bad tradeoff. The CSAVE* and
CLOAD * are still av ail able in the
cassette mode. There are ways to
work around this limit ation, but each
of you should evaluate this limitation
carefully in rel ation to your use of
the Sorcerer before you purchase.
Since this is a software limitation, a
solution may still appear.
In the next artkle, I will explain
some ways
around
the
CSAVEo
problem.
The CSAVE* problem illustrates
one of the virtues of the ESF, it
augments rather than replaces the
cassette. The manual explains how
the system "wakes up" in the ESF
mode. One can transfer to cassette
with the Monitor command lOSE M=C"
and back to the ESF with "SE M=S".
A significant exception to this rule is
not documented. While in the ESF
mode, the system will save or load
data to cassette at 300b.
For
me
this
is
a
significant
June 1 tit July 15,1982
)
@
convenience. On a weekly basis I
spend an hour doing dat a input, and
then turn the computer loose to
generate an updated 20K numerical
array. A printout is made for review,
and the array saved for historical
purposes. I am able to make backup
records on the ES F during dat a
input, and 1ater save the array on
cassette at 300b without having to
remember to "SE M=C".
The ESF uses very
Sorcerer's RAM:
little of
The MWA is increased
bytes as noted above.
by
the
10
The Word Processing Driver, if
used, occupies OH to 2FFH.
The ESF control ROM uses
addresses B800H
to
BFFFH.
Therefore,
in
the case
of
Sorcerers with '18K of RAM, they
become effectively, '16K memories.
Wafer :Bytes:>SA Bytes:WP Run Time
Length:or CSAVE Driver
sec.
5
10
20
35
50
cc
2. Any program references to CSAVEo
at 1200b may only be done if the
Sorcerer is in the cassette mode.
I do not find this a significant
limitation since the Sorcerer cannot reliably save data at 1200b.
In case' of the Word Processor Pac
with the ESF, one has a choice, both
acceptable. If one loads the WP
Driver program, the ESF will read
and wnte tex t to the ESF using the
standard commands. In addition, all
standard cassette operations are still
available. The one change is that
the ESF files are numbered rather
than named. The files are loaded in
the same manner as cassettes under
motor control, i.e. in 256 byte
blocks, and without verification. The
use of the WP Driver would be
desireable, if the operator was not
familiar with Sorcerer Monitor commands.
The alternate method of saving WP
files involves the use of the Monitor
>SA command. It has the advantages
of:
2700
5400
10800
18000
27000
6.5
13
Loading a WP Monitor File
26
45
65
1. Exit WP Pac to Monitor: Command
X.
At present, the ASP ESF controller
is manufactured
by ASP Microcomputers in Austr alia. The ES F
drives are standard drives m anufactured by Ex atron in Sunnyvale, CA,
and modified by ASP in Australia. I
personally appreciate the effort that
AS P put into the proj ect, so that
there is a mass memory option that
filled the gap between cassettes and
floppy disks.
ASP Microcomputers
797 Dandenong Road
East Malvern 3145
Victoria, Australia
•
SORCERER STRINGY FLOPPY
Opaating Techniques
by Al an H. Schmid
In the previous article, I provided
information concerning the Ex atron
Stringy Floppy (ESF), modified by
ASP Microcomputers to operate on the
Sorcerer. That article was to answer
the questions that remain after a
typical product review, but before one
is prepared to make a buy decision.
This article will describe a few
oper ating techniques, hopefully, urging others to submit new or unproved
ideas for our mutual use.
Saving WP Tat W/Monitor >SA
This suggestion came from the
Melbourne University, Australia, via
the ASP Microcomputers, "Stringy
Floppy Newsletter". Paul Stuart, of
ASP, deserves thanks for passing on a
technique that allows anyone willing
to use the Sorcerer Monitor, to use
the WP Pac and the ESF without
purchasing the WP Driver from ASP.
The advantages of the Monitor >SA
method are: approximately twice as
fast, more than twice as much text
per wafer, automatic verification of a
write, and no patch program needed.
The disadvantages are: writing a file
is slightlr more complicated l incoming
tex t wil
not automatica ly merge
with existing text in RAM and will
over -write it. A method to overcome
this is included below.
Saving a WP File
1. Exit WP Pac to Monitor: Command
2. Verifying the file when saved.
2.
I will cover operational details in
the next article. The main point is
that the WP Driver is not required to
use the ES F with the WP Pac.
Finally, here is the approximate
capacity for the available wafer tape
lengths:
June I
&:
July 15, 1982
X.
Dump addresses 074A and 074B:
DU 074A 074B. These two bytes
contain the end of text address.
Note that 074B cont ains the first
part of the address and 074A the
second. F or ex ample, if
074A
contains IE and 074B contains 12,
the end address is HIE.
3. Set the auto ex ecution address to
the warm start address for the WP
Pac (C003): SE X=C003. (Note:
I have not found the above step
necessary. )
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
where n is the file number. The
file will load and then return
control to the WP Pac in the
EDIT mode.
Merging Two WP Monitor Files
1. Put existing text into holding
buffer using usual WP commands.
3.
1. Saving a larger file on a given
size wafer.
3. Not requiring the WP Driver Program.
2. Load file with the command LO n,
2. Load second file as above.
The full address for ASP is:
E adier, I made reference to only
minor changes being required in a
progr am to make it compatible with
the ESF. There are basically two:
I. Since the Monitor Work Area has
been extended 10 bytes downward,
POKEs into the MWA must have
their addresses changed. For example, with a UK memory, POKEs
into 32720 at 32721 to turn a
printer ON or OFF, would be
changed
to
32710
at
32711,
respectively.
6000
12000
24000
42000
60000
4. Save the file on wafer using the
usual Monitor syntax: SA n SOF
121E. 80F is the starting address
for all WP fil es.
Restore first file from holding
buffer by moving cursor to the
desired location and unloading
buffer using command U.
This method of saving text takes
less time than reading the instructions. The automatic verification of
the text is an important feature.
In my previous article, I discussed
the problem of the CSAVEo command
not being implemented on the ESF.
A program for DATA I/O was included
with the ES F for recording string
arrays, not numerical arrays. This
did not fill my need to store large
(20 K) numerical arrays, since string
arrays for decimal numbers occupy
more memory. Also, the program must
be enlarged to handle the conversion
to decimals and back to strings so
that calculation can be made.
Two variations of the Monitor >SA
method described above will work with
BASIC data. The difference between
the two methods is the starting
address of the SAVE. Again, I heard
of the first method from Paul Stuart
of ASP Microcomputers.
The following BASIC memory addresses are significant to the procedures:
BHiIN BASIC:
Work Area
Program
Prog. Variables
Arrays
IN)
100
105
(lB7 at lB8)
(lB9 at lBA)
BASIC:
(lBB at lBC)
Arrays
The addresses in () are pointers to
the location listed. For example, the
BASIC Arrays start at the address
contained in (lB9 at lBA), and end
at the address cont ained in (lBB at
lBC). In normal Z-80 fashion, the
address bytes are in reverse order.
Saving Program &: Variables
In One Record
This method is convenient for
programs with data that are periodically updated, or you are interrupted
during a computing session, and want
to I ater res tart.
This
method
is
not
convenient
91
during program development, since the
cannot be Changed without
Clumping the variables to zero. Also,
it takes more tape since the program
is recorded every time.
~rogram
Saving a Program with Variables
1. Edt to Monitor: BYE.
Z. Dump addresses 0188 and 18C: DU
018C. These
two
bytes
0188
contain the end of arrays address.
Note that 018C contains the first
part of the address and 01BB the
lIecond. P or ex ample, if 0188
contains IE and 018C contains
6Z, the end address is 6Z1E.
3. Save the file on wafer using the
usual Monitor syntax: SA n 100
6Z1E. The starting address is 100
80 that all program counters will
be included
along
with
the
program and variables.
Loading Program with Variables
1. Edt to Monitor: BYE.
Z. Load file with the command LO n,
where n in the file number.
3. Return to BASIC: PP.
Since you have just loaded the
program with all variables, you
MUST NOT start with a RUN or
RUN nn. This would result in
all variables being dumped to
zero. You must also enter the
program after any array dimensioning statements to avoid "REDIMENSIONED ARRAY" error.
I
per lIonally start all program
menus at step 100. It is then
automatic with me to restart all
programs with GOTO 100.
If a program revision must be made
the arrays will first have to be sav;!
separately using the method below,
and later merged with the revisea
program.
Loading at Merging Arrays w /Program
1. RUN the program to reset pointers.
Program should be stopped after
arrays are dimensioned.
Z. Exit to Monitor: BYE.
3. Dump
pointers to beginning of
array area: DU 189 18Ao
4. Load file with the command LO n,
where n is the file number. Hold
down CONTROL C during loading
so that the file header prints on
the screen.
5.
Move the arrays downward in
memory to the new array start
address: >MO (file header start
address) (file header end address)
(1BA at 189).
6. Return to BASIC: PP.
If the program is revised by adding
to it after the arrays are saved on
ESP, a problem may exist if the
program has grown into the previous
array area. Por minor program revisions, this is not a prOblem. When
the program is restarted with RUN
the variables are dumped to zero. II
the program additions use less memory
than the old variable area, there will
be room to load the arrays and move
them downward to merge with the
program.
Contrary to loading from cassette,
the ESP does not have provisions to
load Monitor files to a diffttent
address than from which it was saved.
Also, a file may not be moved up in
memory unless the new starting
address lies above the existing ending
address. Therefore,
there
is
not
sufficient memory, in many cases, to
move large arrays upward in memory,
after loading from the ESP.
If you are worried about this
problem, pad your program with some
statements
that
can
be
dummy
removed if the program needs to be
shortened after revision.
WARNING
Saving BASIC Anays
The advantage of this method over
saving the program and all variables
together is that it takes less tape,
and allows revision of the program
after arrays are saved.
The disadvantage is
that
the
address for the lltart of arrays must
also be found in the BASIC Work
Area, and the reloaded arrays must be
moved to the correct address after
loading to complete the merger with
the program.
Saving Arrays
(Notel This method saves all arrays
if there are more than one.)
1. Exit to Monitor: BYE.
Z. Dump addresses 0189 to 018C: DU
0189 018C.
3. Save the file on wafer using the
u~al Monitor syntax: SA n (1BA
at 189) (18C at 188). The actual
save will use the address for the
beginning and end of arrays
contained in the addresses shown
in O.
92
The next section is a det ailed
description of how to recover from the
problem caused by extensive revision
of the program after the arrays are
saved on the ESP. SKIP TO THE
"00000" below unless you have need
of this det ail.
If you get trapped after the arrays
have been saved:
1. CSAVE the program on the ESP.
Z. Go to the Monitor: BYE.
3. >LO the arrays from the ESP.
4. Set memory to cassette: SE M=C.
5. Save the arrays on cassette using
above method, except the file is
named rather than numbered.
6. SE M
= S.
7. Go to BASIC and reload program
from ESF. This is necessary since
its back end was cut off by the
array load in Step 3.
8. Do steps I, Z, '" 3 in basic method
above, i.e. RUN program, go to
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
Monitor, and dump pointers.
9. SE M = C.
10.Using method described on page Z6
of, "A Guided Tour to Personal
Computing" ,
1oad
the
arr ay s
higher in memory than they were
recorded.
11.SE M=S.
1Z.Finish task by completing steps 5
'" 6 in basic method above, i.e.
.>MO arrays and go to BASIC.
With a little planning, you will
never have to do the above, but here
it is just in case.
00000
The above procedures are crutches to
get around the lack of a CSAVEO on
the ESP. They cannot be done under
prog~am control, since they require
Monitor commandS.
So much for saving arrays. Now
for some miscellaneous tips and facts.
Do your program development using
the ESF. In addition to the speed,
there are other advantages. Use two
tapes that you altemate in drive O.
Make a CSAVE about every five
minutes. A simple GRAPHIC 0 will
give a one stroke CSAVE command.
Alternate the tapes before each save.
The ESF will default to file #1 on
drive o. This way a power f allure
will not cost you more than 5
minutes work.
The ESF does not
to the end of the
the ESF for program
not pad the end of
accumulated garbage
1aboriously delete
short.
add a CRC byte
program. Using
development does
the program with
that you have to
if memory gets
You may store up to lZ7 files on a
wafer. This is only practical if the
files are added sequentially, and an
earlier file never revised. Any slowing of the drive motor, or enlarging
of the fileI will cause the beginning
of the fo lowing file to be overwritten.
There is
a way
around this
problem. To save file 5, the ESF
searches for the END of file 4; it
does not care if file 4 has a
beginning. Therefore, separate files
on a tape with dummy f.iles tha~. are
long enough to cover minor rev1S10ns
and drive speed variations.
A typical sequence would be:
#1 Program/#Z Dummy /#3 Program/
#4 Dummy/•••••••
The dummy could be anything.
One suggestion would be to ( >SA n
o IFF). This would provide a 51Z
byte buffer between programs.
While I have a few more goodies, I
will end this article. I'm sure some
of you have ideas that could make my
comments look naive. Please do so
by sending
short items to the
Soa:uu's Apprentice, showing all us
ESF users how to do it better. I
will even offer a blank un-certified
wafer to the first one to show how to
save a numerical array under program
control ••
June 1 '" July 15, 1982
()
ROM PAC NOTBBOOK iJ4
by Iohn de Rivaz
@
) @
As promi.ed for this i.sue, here is
the program that saves the entire
array area using the Monitor routine.
If an error is found on loading,
instead ot just stopping in the usual
defeatest manner, the routine goes on
to load the nel[ t file. Therefore, if
you have saved two copies of a file,
even if there i. an error on loading
the first copy, the program automatically tries to load the second. You
can .ave a. many copies as you wi.h
depending on the rdiability of your
cauette system.
This routine i. used to .ave arrays
in RTL's Stocks and .shares Managemcot program, which is under test at
the time of writing. Special features
of the program include inflation
linking of the stocks, to show whether
tho.e gaina are for real or whether
they are just paper gain.. This will
give a graphic demonstration of the
need to modify law. in capital
tax ation to adjust the COlt price for
inflation before calculating taxable
gain.. The program includes printout
on an Epaon MX80F/T of graphs of
share performance on a time axis and
al.o on one of market movements. A
frivolous extra is a routine to play
"tunes"
and tones baaed on a
company's price movemcots. The routines
used
to
generate
medium
resolution graphics and to print them
with the MX80 will be given in future
articles in Sorcerer's Apprcotice.
In order to get the POKEs for
BASIC, load in the machine code with
the Monitor, and then get BAS IC to
print out PEEKs of the required
memory. POKE 260,0. In order to
record a file, POKE 261,0 and call
A=USR(O). To load a file, POKE
260,39 and again call A=USR(O).
Before these operations, it is uoual to
Print a line tdling the operator to
switch his machine on and presl any
key when he haa done so. Thi.
progr am recorda every single numeric
array present. RTL sdla a program
called STR which allO loads Itring
array., but this is more complicated
and time consuming, u every single
string haa to be recorded scparatdy.
An alternative method of saving
strings il used in the program on
stock. and shares. Each string is
split up into groups of three letters,
which are coded into siz
digit
numbers and saved in numeric arrays.
The strings recorded require only ten
perccot of the large numeric arrays
used, so this method was considered
quicker than using the string loading
program. A further alternative would
be to record both the array area and
the string area.
As a footnote to the last article, it
may be noted that the file made by
the assembler had to start at 4000H
because the usembler overwrote it if
it started at 3000H.
June
1 & July 15, 1982
The routine uses code taken from the Monitor and modified to suit the required
purpose.
EXIDY Z-80 ASSEMBLER
ADDR OBJECT
ST
0001
0002 ;ARRAY LOAD FOR SHARE PROGRAM
>01B9
0003 ARRAY
BOU
01B9H
>81BB
0004 END
BOU
01BSH
>E1A2
0005 GETIY
BOU
0E1A2H
>E65C
0006 SAVE
BOU
0E65CH
>E453
0007 CARRET BOU
0E453H
>E28A
0008 CMOTON BOU
0E28AH
>E2AF
0009 CMOTOF BOU
0E2AFH
0010 ;FINDS GETIY AND LOADS UP
0811 ;MONlTOR STACK FOR FIRST
8012 ;SAVING
'0000 ED4BB901 0013
LD
BC,(ARRAY)
0014
LD
DE.CARRET
'0004 115384
0015
LD
BL,(END)
'0007 2ABB01
0016
LD
(IY+50H),C
'010A FD7150
0017
LD
(IY+51H),B
'000D FD7051
LD
(IY+478),'A'
'0010 FD364741 0018
LD
(IY+488),'R'
'0014 FD364852 0019
'0018 FD364952 0020
LD
(IY+49HI' 'R'
0021
LD
(IY+4AH ,'A'
'00lC FD364A41
LD
(IY+4BH ,'Y'
'0020 FD364B59 0022
0023
JP
SAVE
'0024 C35CE6
0024 ;here to load array
0025 HEDPRT EQU
0E6DEH
>E6DE
>8759
0026 TAPWT
BOU
08759B
>E6A9
0027 BLKADJ BOU
0E6A98
>E408
0028 CRCMSG BOU
0E408B
0029 MSGOUT EQU
0E1BAH
>ElBA
0030 CRLF
BOU
0E2058
>E205
'0027 CDA2E1
GETIY
0031 COMAND CALL
0032 SERIN
BOU
0E2DAB
>E2DA
LD
(IY+3DB) ,408
'002A FD363D40 0033
0034
LD
B,l
'002E 0601
, 0030 CD8AE2
0035
CALL
CMOTON
'0033 CD5987
0036
CALL
TAPWT
;modified GETHED
'0036 FDE5
0037
PUS8
IY
0038
pop
IX
'0038 DDE1
'003A 0610
0039
LD
B,10H
0040 GETHD1 CALL
SERIN
'003C CDDAE2
0041
JR
Z,LOAD10-$
'003F 2843
0042
LD
(IX+57H) ,A
, 0041 DD7757
0043
INC
IX
'0044 DD23
0044
DJNZ
GETBD1-$
'0046 10F4
0045
LD
B,(IY+46H) ;CRC chkbit
'0048 FD4646
, 004B CDDAE2
0046
CALL
SERIN
0047
CP
B
'004E B8
0048
JR
Z,OONTIN-$
'004F 2802
0049
JR
ERROR-$
'0151 1826
0050 CONTIN CALL
HEDPRT
'0053 CDDEE6
0051 ;Tape will only load into arra¥ area
0052 ;set by BASIC, not area specifled by
0053 ;the header on the tape.
0054
LD
HL, (ARRAY)
'0056 2AB901
0055
LD
E, (IY+5EH)
'0059 FD5E5E
0056
LD
D,(IY+5FH)
'005C FD565F
0057 ;DE now > end of array area
0058 ;HL now > start of array area
0059
CALL
TAPWT
'005F CD59E7
0060 LOAD8
CALL
BLKADJ
CDA9E6
'0062
0061
JR
Z,LOAD18-$
281D
'0065
8062 LOAD9
CALL
SERIN
'0067 CDDAE2
0063
JR
Z,LOADl0-$
'006A 2818
8864
LD
(HL) ,A
'006C 77
0065
INC
BL
'006D 23
0066
DJNZ
LOAD9-$
'006E 10F7
0067 ;CRC check - load next if error
0068
LD
B,(IY+46H) ;CRC byte
'0070 FD4646
0069
CALL
SERIN
'0073 CDDAE2
0070
CP
B
'0076 B8
0071
JR
Z,LOAD8-$
'0077 28E9
0072 ERROR LD
HL,CRCMSG
'0079 2108E4
0873
CALL
MSGOUT
'007C CDBAE1
007 4
CALL
CRLF
'007F CD05E2
0075 STAGE1 JR
COMANO-$;next if error
'0082 18A3
007 6 LOAD10 JP
CMOTOF
'0084 C3AFE2
ERRORS=0000
E453
E6A9 CARRET
nB9 BLKADJ
ARRAY
0027
E28A COMANO
E2AF CMOTON
CMOTOF
E205
E408 CRLF
0053 CRCMSG
CONTIN
003C
0079 GETHD1
01BB ERROR
END
0084
E6DE LOAD10
E1A2 HEDPRT
GETIY
ElBA
0067 MSGOUT
0062 LOAD9
LOAD8
01')82
E2DA STAGE1
E65C SERIN
SAVE
E759
TAPWT
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
93
. «<
CLASSIPIBD ADS
$1/line
>>>
$l/line
=============================
Sorcerer Model I, W/
BASIC and Development Pacs cassette
. and monitor. Contact AoL. Cavalieri,
POB BALBI 32K
401 Bustleton Pike, Churchville, PA
18966.
.
.
=============================
ROM PAC NOTBBOOK #,
by Jabn de Rivaz
In my lilt article, I mentioned the
printing of gr aphs on the MX80F /T
from Bllic, a. u.ed in RTL'. stock.
and .hare. program - the one that
takes inflation into account. In
orda to genaate graphics that are
.imilar to thoae u.ed In the MX80, a
abort machine code program is u.ed.
This is a talk ellia to carry out in
machine code, and the routine can be
POKEd in, u.ed, and the .pace then
u.ed
for
another
machine code
program lata on. The graphi:. are
small blob. that reduce dle rCiolution
of each puel from the Sorcaa's 8 z
8 to the TRS80'. Zz). The fit isn't
ez act, .0 the middle ones are one dot
amalia. However this doesn't show
in the printed results.
These gr &pbic. are al.o u.ed in
RTL'. DRAWZ program, whiCh enables
medium resolution graphic pktures to
be drawn on the screen and added to
Buic program. without re-typing lou
of POKB.. (DRAWl i. .smilar but
hiah resolution).
The routine work. by counting up
in register B and then tating bits to
determine whi:h numbaa are to be
loaded into the graphic defining
memory. The IX regiata points to
the graphic defining memory, and a
subroutine "SBT" is called each time
this is to be let.
In orda to print the screen out on
the MX80F/T, the graphicl characters
have to be lI.iJned new codes. In
addition, a line 1. left at the top to
allow non-printed mes.ages to be
PUled to dle opaator. Bach bit of
scrCCD memory is tested in turn. If
it contain. a byte whoae 7th bit is
.et, then it is a graphi: not a
.tandard ASCII character. Therefore
it haa ZOH subtracted .0 II to comply
with the MX80'. graphic .et, and is
lent to the printa. Ordinary ASCII
char acta. are printed aa usull. The
program would be confu.ed if there
wae any other graphics apart from
TRS80 puel. on the screen, .0 it i.
left up to the opaator to ensure this
does not take place. The routine
al.o in.erts carriage returns at the
end. of lines. The lrinta driva
itself is a .tandar
one which
prcwides line feed.. If your printer i.
switched to auto line fced repl ace
lina 3Z-33 inclusive with NOPs.
With care, thae routines can be
used with otha printa. whi:h have
TRS80 type pud graDhics. Thae is,
of
courac,
the ~X80F /TZ
high
resolution plotting feature available
on these printer., but the Sorcerer i.
limited by programablc graphk space
aa to how much bith resolution
plotting can be done on scrCCD, and
these medium resolution programs are
perfectly adequate for many pUrPoaes.
Here is the printa driva routine to
ttanafa all but the fir.t line from
the screen:
94
EXIDY Z-S0 ASSEMBLER
ADDR OBJECT
ST
0001
0002 This sets up 6
0003
'1001 2lS0FE
0004
LD
'1113 111110
0005
LD
'1116 3EII
0""6 START LD
BIT
1107
'1018 CB41
JR
'IlIA 2802
IllS
0009
LD
'IOIC 3EFO
'OIIE CB49
IllS Xl
BIT
'Inl 2812
lOll
JR
0112
ADD
'on2 C61F
1113 X2
'1114 77
LD
0114
INC
'0915 23
'0116 77
IllS
LD
'1017 23
1016
INC
1117
'1918 77
LD
'1119 23
1118
INC
'lIlA 3EII
In9
LD
BIT
1120
'I01C CB51
1121
'111E 2812
JR
LD
0122
'1121 3EFI
BIT
1123 X3
'1122 CB59
JR
'1124 2812
1124
ADD
0125
'1126 C61F
1126 X4
LD
'1128 77
IIV
INC
'1129 23
1128
LD
'112A 77
'112B 23
1129
INC
LD
1131
'112C 3EIO
BIT
'Ol2E CB61
1131
JR
1132
'1031 2812
0033
LD
'1132 3EFI
BIT
1134 X5
'1134 CB69
1135
JR
'1136 2812
ADD
1136
'0138 C61F
1137 X6
LD
'113A 77
113S
INC
'113B 23
1139
LD
'I03C 77
IIU
INC
'1130 23
LD
1141
'113E 77
INC
1142
'113F 23
INC
1143
'1141 IC
LD
1144
'1141 79
1045
CP
'1142 FE41
1146
RET
'1144 C8
1147
'1145 18BF
JR
ERRORS=IIIO
OOIE X2
111116 Xl
START
1028 X5
1122 X4
X3
113A
X6
pixel graphics.
HL,IFEIOH
BC,I
A,O
I,C
Z,X1-$
A,OFIH
1,C
Z,X2-$
A,OFH
(HLl,A
HL
(HLl,A
HL
(HLl,A
HL
A,O
2,C
Z,X3-$
A.IFOH
3,C
Z,X4-$
A,OFH
(HLl,A
HL
(HLl,A
HL
A.B
4,C
Z,X5-$
A.OFIH
5,C
Z,X6-$
A,IFH
(HLl,A
HL
(HLl,A
HL
(HLl,A
HL
C
A.C
64
Z
START-$
0914
1034
EXIDY Z-80 ASSEMBLER
ADDR OBJECT
ST No.
lee1 ;
1112 ;A screen printer for MX81FT
1013 ;with 128 x 91 resolution. The
0114 ;Sorcerer's special graphics must
lOIS ;a1ready have been set up to get the
1116 ;correct screen image. and no other
1117 ,characters with bit 7 set must be
1118 ;present on screen.
1119 ,
>FICI
EQU
IFICIH
1110 STOP
1111 ;allows for a top message not to be
BI12 ;printed out.
IF7FFH
lel3 SBOT
EQU
>F7FF
OE205H
0114 CRLF
EQU
>E215
IllS
ORG
OC4H
HL,STOP
lel6
LD
'1IC4 21CIFO
DE,SBOT
lel7
LD
'IOC7 llFFF7
C,2IH
;MX80 displacement
IllS
LD
'IICA IE21
CARRET-$
1119
JR
'IICC 1821
A, (BL)
0121 START LD
'OICE 7E
7,A
1121
BIT
'IICF CB7F
Z,OUT-$
1122
JR
'1101 2891
C
111123
SUB
'1103 91
1124 OUT
PUSH
AF
'1104 F5
A, (OFEHl
1025 PRINT
IN
'0105 DBFE
6,A
1126
BIT
'1107 CB77
Z,PRINT-$
1027
JR
'1009 28FA
AF
1128
FOP
'IIDB F1
(OFFH) ,A
1129
OUT
'OIOC D3FF
IDH
1131
CP
'lODE FEID
NZ,NEXT-$
1131
JR
'IIEI 211114
A,IAH
1032
LD
'11E2 3EIA
, IOE4 lSEE
OUT-$
1033
JR
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
June
1 at July 15,1982
c
)
@
INC
HL
0034 NEXT
'00E6 23
HL
PUSH
0035
'00E7 E5
HL,DE
SBC
ED52
0036
'00E8
pop
HL
0037
'00EA E1
Z
RET
0038
'00EB C8
START-$
DJNZ
0039
'00EC 10E0
A,00H
0040 CARRET LD
'00EE 3E00
B,650
LD
0041
'00F0 0641
DEC
HL
0042
'00F2 2B
OUT-$
JR
0043
'00F3 180F
ERRORS=0000
E205 NEXT
00EE CRLF
CARRET
0005 SBOT
0004 PRINT
OUT
F0C0
00CE STOP
START
NOTBS FROM RCPM-SORCBRER
by The Sysop
++++++
Eddy CP1M Modification
00E6
F7FF
MAGIC SQUARB
•
by Emiliano De L aurentiis
Does anyone know how to modify
Exidy CP/M ver. 1.42/3 from Micropolis Mod I to Mod II operation? So
far I've found that changing address
0123EH in MOVCPM from 47H to
9BH and changing address 0 IB4H in
FORMAT from 26H to 4EH accomv,lishes most of the change. I still
need to modify something to get
CP/M to write to the whole disk.
R.D. HAUN
(This article is reprinted from the Oct/Nov, 1980 issue of the S.U.N.)
++++++
What is a magic square? A magic square is a square matrix of odd numbered
sides, where each cell of the matrix holds an integer from 1 to n where n is the
number of. cells in the matrix. Furthermore, all the columns, all the rows, and
all the. diagonals must add to the s~me number. An example of a 3:1:3 magic
square is presented. below. The .followlO,g program will produce any nx n magic
square., I present it here ~ an,illustration of the algorithm (called a production
system 10 the program) whlCh will produce such a square. The size of the magic
square you produce is only limited by the size of your Sorcerer's memory.
3 x 3 MAGIC S M THEN X=X+1:GOTO 30
60 IF X-1<1 THEN X=M: Y=Y+1: GOTO 30
70 IF Y+1 > M THEN Y=1:X=X-1:GOTO 30
80 IF C(X-1,Y+1) <> 0 THEN X=X+1:GOTO 30
90 X=X-1:Y=Y+1:GOTO 30
95 :
98 REM print matrix
99 :
100 FOR A=l TO M: FOR B=l TO M
105 D=D+C(A,B)
106 IF C(A,B)<100 THEN PRINT" ";
107 IF C(A,B)<10 THEN PRINT" ";
110 PRINT C(A,B); " ";
120 NEXT B:PRINT "=";0:0=0:NEXT A
125 :
126 FOR 1=1 TO M*6:PRINT "-";:NEXT I:PRINT
127 :
130 FOR B=l TO M:FOR A=l TO M
140 D=D+C(A,B)
142 NEXT A
145 IF 0<100 THEN PRINT" ";
147 IF 0<10 THEN PRINT" ";
150 PRINT 0;" ";:0=0:NEXT B
155 PRINT ""
160 PRINT
170 FOR A=l TO M:B=l
180 O=D+C(A,B)
190 B=B+l: NEXT A: PRINT "DIAGONAL '\'=";0;
191 PRINT"
";
192 0=0
193 FOR A=l TO M: B=M
194 D=D+C(A,B)96 B=B-l: NEXT A: PRINT "DIAGONAL '/'=";0
200 PRINT CHR$(17):RUN 5:REM Go home and start run at line 5
210 REM
RUN COMMAND CLEARS MEMORY>
220 END
lune 1
&
luly 15, 1982
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
Joystkk Standard
Arrington's standard, described in
the January
Sorcerer's Apprentice
Newsletter (3.1), doesn't permit concurrent operation of the keyboard
and joystick #2. Movemen t while
firing is also pr ohibited. I believe
this should be changed I Using the
keyboard should make it replace only
joystick #1, leaving #2 fully functional. Since the keypad is on the
right, joystick #1 should be the right
stick and #2 should be the left one.
I believe g ames have more realism if
the "gun II doesn't have to stop while
it's firing. But, Arrington's standard
has FIRE and LEFT/RIGHT controls
sharing the same pins; they can't be
used together. Since games make far
more use of LEFT/RIGHT than they
do of UP/DOWN, the FIRE button
should be moved to the UP/DOWN
pinsl Then, you can fire on invaders
as you keep sliding across the screen,
and shoot asteroids as you swing your
ship around. G. King
++++++
Monito, Memory Tat Show
The Monitor's TEST command can
produce an interesting display. If
you >TEST screen RAM, you'll see
the patterns it uses. To get· things
going, type in these two lines:
SE 0=E044
( thi s tur ns off
screen output)
TE F080 F800 C (this runs the show
cont inuously)
Impress your friends with the next
best thing to blinking lightsl G.
King
++++++
Soa:erer Buil: Converter
Bob, what is needed on the RCPM is
an interchange of Sorcerer Basic
programs. Would you
agree? I've
got a nifty CP/M program that
converts ASCII Basic to Sorcerer
compacted Basic and vice-versa. It's
great for working with your E -Basic
progr ams,
Word Processor
ere ated
programs, etc. Is this something that
would be good to have on your
system? Dan Conway
•
I told D an we would be glad to
have his program on the system. We
now have SORBAS.OBI, and DOC on
drive A:. SysoP.
95
(Editor's Note: In his article, "Restoring Lost Link
Addresses", found in issue 4.3, I ames Canning refers to the
'TOSCA' .program found in the May, 1980 issue of the
S.U.~ •. Ssnce many
!>f you never subscribed to this
pub.hca~10n,. and b~ck-18SUes are no l.onger avail able, that
artICle IS bang repnnted below. We will also be repnnting
other articles, that may be of interest to you.)
TAPB OUTPUT SCANNBR
by Jim Burns
(This article is reprinted from the May, 1980 issue of the
S.U.N.)
The following is a relocatable routine that acts as a
C&ssette image dump, byp assing ezclusion of headers, CR C
bytes, etc. and which does not bomb out in the middle of
the tape because it has one block that doesn't CRC check
properly.
11 zz_
In DE,wwzz
21 zz yy
ne at 01D5-01D6, making sure they point
to the nez t hnk In the sequence, that each is preceded by a
zero, and that no other zeroes occur in the core area
occupied by the BASIC file. The last link. points to the 00
00 00 BOF mark.
~or
more. information !>n header statements, memory
pOinter locations and funCtions, and tape file formats, get
a copy of the, "Software Internals Manual for the
SoJarer", put out by Qaality Software.
The CSAVBo format is not ezplained in that manual.
The CSAVB· format iSI four D2H's followed by the core
~age o~the val.ur i~ the. array. It does not have any
1niorm!ltlon of It s c1imenslons, block length, or name.
That 1~ !hr ~e array has .to be dimensioned before rou
CLOAD It. Since the tape Image contains no informatson
on the array'l name, the first array you position to on the
tape, will be loaded into the array specified in the CLOAD·
command. NOTB: Since RUN re-initializes the variable
space, you will have to ule GOTO (line number) to start
the progum (BASIC doa patch it's pointers to remember it
made space for the loaded array).
Some final notes on the two drivers:
NOTB 11 The call to CMOTON is necessary even if you
don't ule motor control for your cassette. Ezidy's
procedure at the end of tape handling, or errors (at least
In the Monitor), is to call CMOTOF. One of CMOTOF's
action., is to reset the UART to 300 baud regardless of the
SET parameter. CMOTON sets the UART to the desired
baud rate.
96
One parting question... and then the second listing.
CLOADG has no more etfect that CLOAD in my Sorcerer.
Is anyone using CLOADG for autoload/execute? And oh
yes, I appreciate the Monitor listing printed in the S.U.N.
I wrote a Z80 disassembler in BASIC, but alas, no printer I
Even so, I had transclibed the video output for the first lK
br hand. Along came the S.U.N. with the other 3K to
p acate my weary hand and brain.
1OSCA- A Routine to Scan Tape Output
; finish address
;uart address
; call CM,
carriage return . The listing
that
appears on
the screen is
appearing also on the printer. When
the listing is complete, you may wish
to type another control-P to prevent
further output from going to the
3. TIP - With all due respect to
Arkay Engravers, Inc, I've chosen
to use small embossed plastic
label letters. The initials I us,
remind me of what key does what.
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
Listing
97
prinecr-.
St_tina
a
Stappq
Prcaaing the key combination, contro1-S, will Itap output. Your progr am wBI relllllDe activity aa 800n as
another key is struck (or another
contro1-S). Thi. feature is a great
conven~ce even without a pdnter; it
sure beats having to keep
the
RUN/STOP key conuantly pressed to
freeze a BASIC programl
During the pause generated by the
control-S, you can u.e other features
of the interface .oftware, such as the
control-P or typing
the current
screen, aee below:
Screen D_p
It often happens that I want to
record on paper what is on the screen
as aecuratay a. possible; to take a
"snap abot" of the screen. I need to
type a contro1-T which causes the
character. at ea~ location on the
screen to be ezamined in turn, and
output to the pdnter.
Of couree, graphic characters wUl
not be handled properly by the
printer, but what can you ezpect?
The eqhth bit, is not sent, to
preserve compatibBity with C~ntronics
printer I. Graphic symbols . are not
atandardized in any cue.
Because typing "blind" is inconvenient and error prone, I have
written the software so that the
characters that are to be sent to the
printer are shown on the screen as
they are keyed in. Since the control
characters are usually not displayed,
all control codes are converted for
display purposes to an up -arrow (A)
and a printable character. Thus, the
control-O of the above ex ample
would be represented on the screen as
set. But if a char acter is pressed,
KEYBRD returns it in the A register
and CHIN proceeds to see if the
character might be one of the special
Software
Sorcerer's ROM Pac BASIC, having
only 6 significant figure accuracy, is
a severe handicap if one wants to
utilize it for financial programming.
To maintain dollars
and cents
accuracy, the maximum value that can
be accommodated is _9999.99. Hardly
useful for many purposes in these
times of increasing monetary figures.
Through the use of some programming
techniques, I have been able to
expand the range of financial figures
that can be accommodated to 8
significant digits, thus permitting the
maximum amount to be increased to
_999999.99 with full dollars and
cents accur acy.
I wrote the software so that the
machine code would fit ex ac.tly in
manory between 3B1i and OFFH on
page o. The soltware uses manory
also from 33H to 37H1 inclusive, as a
buffer that is used tor the "special
codes", described above. This choice
was made to be compatible with space
that is normally not utBized in the
Sorcerer when the BASIC or Development Pac is in use. To provide so
much function in so little space, I
needed to "squeeze" the code as much
as possible; readabBity and modularity have had to be compromised
somewhat.
For the software to be useable, two
routines, CHIN (character in) and
CHOUT (character out), need to be
patched into the Sorcerer's I/O.
Although this could be achieved by:
SET I=8A
A contro1- causes a jump to the
Monitor warm entry point (OE003H).
~t is uleful in places where condwIn, to aecute the program would be
panful. For ezample, the editor in
the Devel~ent Pac does not have a
"fast ait , 10 I type control- and
then isaue the "PP" command to reenter the ROM Pac.
SET 0=65
A
I was able to squeeze in the routine,
IOINIT (I/O INITIALIZATION) ,
which
achieves
the
lame reaul ts
automatically.
A
There are quite a few special
character lequences that can be sent
to the MX-80 pdnter to achieve
Ipecial effects auch l1li condensed,
apanded, emphasized, and double
pnnted letters. Sequences also aist
to control vertical (line) BJ?acinJ.
These sequences are detailed In the
operation manual for the printer.
Usually, I want to send these
sequences to the printer but not to
the program. To do '0, I type a
contro1-E. A "blob" should appear
on the Icreen
as
a
"prompt"
indicating a' re'edines' for InpUt
the special char acter sequence that is
destined for the printer only. Then
I trvc in the .equence· it can be zero
to fIVe characterl in length and may
include anr control codes except
control-M [a carriage retUrn] or a
delete [Ihift-RUB]. The sequence is
'CIlt to the printer when either a
carriage return is keyed or five
characterl have beco CIltered.If I
have mistyped the lequence, I can redo it before it is lent to the pdnter
by lcqing a shift-RUB.
01
For aample, I might wish to type
a listing that is more than 80
columnl wide, 10 I choose to usc
condcosed type that supports lines up
to HZ columns wide. According to
the MX-80 manual, the printer should
be lent a contro1-0, 80 I type
control-E.. control-O and return.
That is all that is neededl
98
BIGHT DIGIT
FINANCIAL TABULATOR
n.
Bsidai
Spcdal CAdCII
(continued on page 99)
It is a commendable feature of the
original Sorcerer software to provide
patch points for
the I/O. Any
software that is written for the
Sorcerer should call locations OE009H
(RECEIVE) and OEOOCH (SEND).
Such software then has its I/O
automatically patched by the Sorcerer
Monitor to the current input and
output devices.
By having control over I/O, we can
use all the "services II described above.
Let us see how it is done:
CHIN
This ~aracter input routine must
behave In a manner analogous to
other Sorcerer input routines. If no
character is available yet, it should
retUrn with the Z-flag set. If a
character is, or has been, received, the
Z-flag should be reset, and the
character should be returned in the A
register.
CHIN
beg~n8
by
calling
the
KEYBRD routine in the Monitor. If
no character is pressed then KEYBRD
retUrns with the Z-flag set and
CHIN returns also with the Z-flag
by Frank Voss
The method that I've used to
achieve 8 digit accuracy for financial
figures is as follows:
a)
INPUT of an amount to the
program is as a string instead of
a numerical value. [A_l
b)
The
is
dollars and
[0_ Ill. C_l
A_
sep ar ated into its
cents components.
c) The 0_ Ill. C _ are converted to
their value amounts. [0 Ill. C]
I
d)
\,b
The
appropriate mathanatical
functions arc performed.
e) The resultant values are converted
back t string functions. [TO_ Ill.
TC_l
f) The TC _ function is formatted for
missing O's.
g)
The
final
assanbled
string
functions are made available for
display or printing.
[TO_;".";TC_l
I've prepared 2 programs as part of
this article.
1)
The
FINANCIAL TABULATOR
SUBROUTINE is for individuals
who would like to write a more
expanded program.
2) The FINANCIAL TABULATOR is a
formatted, working program that
may be used with a printer.
(Output to Centronics bus.)
The programs as presented here will
add and subtract amounts and yield a
resultant total. Multiplication and
division of financial figures can be
done using the same method I've
outlined above and is left to be done
by the reader.
-------------------------------Iil REM
1 REM
2 REM
3 REM
4 REM
5 REM
6 REM
7 REM
FINANCI~
TABULATOR SUBROUTINE
Frank Voss
Box 43
wyandotte, MI.
1982
48192
This program is to be used as a subroutine for a larger
tabulating program. It permits 8 digit accuracy for
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
o
June
1 Ill. July 15, 1982
\
8 REM financial data. This means that values to $999999.99
9 REM can be accommodated without error. Subtractions are
19 REM entered as a negative number. The total is obtained
11 REM by entering T for the amount.
12 REM
29 INPUT" ENTER AMOUNT",A$
:REM Enter AMOUNT as a string
259IF LEFT$(A$,l)="T" OR LEFT$(A$,l)="t" THEN l5f1l :REM Do Total
3f1l LET L=LEN(A$)
35 LET D$=LEFT$(A$,L-3
:REM Extract dollars from string
4f1l LET C$=RIGHT$(A$,2)
:REM Extract cents from string
45 LET D=VAL(D$):C=VAL(C$)
:REM Convert to numerical values
5f1l IF LEFT$(A$,l)="-" THEN C=-C
55 L=LEN (D$)
6f1l PRINTTAB (4f1l-L) "$n ,D$,"." ,C$
8f1l LET TD=TD+D:TC=TC+C
:REM Do mathematical operations
85 IF TC>99 THEN TC=TC-lfllfll:TD=TD+l:GOTO lfllfll
86 IF TC<-99 THEN TC=TC+lfllfll:TD=TD-l
87 IF TCfIl THEN TC=TC+lfllfll:TD=TD-l
88 IF TC>fIl AND TSfIl AND TC99 THEN TC=TC-lf1lfll:TD=TD+l:GOTO If1lfll
86 IF TC<-99 THEN TC=TC+lfllfll:TD=TO-l
87 IF TC<0 AND TO>0 THEN TC=TC+lfllfll:TD=TD-l
88 IF TC>fIl AND TO<0 THEN TC=TC-lf1lfll:TD=TD+l
If1l0 PRINTCHR$(17):PRINT
105 PRINTTAB(3f1l) n "
110 PRINTCHR$(17):PRINT
120 GOTO 15
150 LET TO$=STR$(TD):LET TC$=STR$(TC)
16f1l IF TC=O THEN TC$="0f1l"
162 IF TC>0 AND TC<10 THEN TC$="0 n+TC$
163 IF TC<0 AND TO=0 THEN TO$=n-0"
165 LET TC$=RIGHT$(TC$,2)
170 FOR X=l TO N:PRINTCHR$(10)i:NEXT X
:REM Output to printer
175 POKE M,147:POKE M+l,233
180 PRINTTAB(17)"----------------"
185 PRINT" TOTAL AMOUNT = ",
188 L=LEN(TO$)
19f1l PRINTTAB(25-L,"$",TO$,".",TC$
195 PRINT:PRINT:PRINT
20f1l POKE M,27:POKE M+l,224
:REM Output to video
2f1l1 INPUT" Press RETURN for another tabulatlon."Q$
205 TC=0:TD=0:N=2:GOTO 10
210 END
225 PRINTCHR$ (23) ," IMPROPER ENTRY, 00 AGAIN !"
23f1l FOR T=l TO 5f1l0:NEXT T
235 PRINTCHR$(23) ,TAB (35) " "
24f1l PRINTCHR$(23),:GOTO 20
25f1l N=2
260 M=PEEK(-4f1l95)*256+PEEK(-4096)
27f1l IF M>32767 THEN M=M-65536
275 M=M-47
280 RETURN ~
June 1 & July 15, 1982
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
(SUPER PRINTER cont'd from p. 98)
"commands" which start with control-P, control-T, control- A, or
con trol-E. If the char acter is one of
these four possibilities, CHIN returns
with the character in A and the Zflag reset.
Now let us consider what happens
if one of the four special control
characters had been keyed as four
special cases:
If control-P (printer on/off) is
pressed, control passes to the code
labelled CP. CP examines a two byte
piece of memory called OPATCH
("output patch") that should contain
either the address OEO lBH (which is
the Monitor's video output routine,
that I have named NOLlST) or the
address OE993H (which is the Monitor's "Centronics driver", that I have
named LIST). Whkhever address is
found, it is replaced with the other
address -at OPATCH. Having switched
from LIST to NOLlST, or vice versa,
CP returns control to CHIN to get
the next character (control-P "doesn't count"). In order to preserve the
HL register pair, it was necessary to
save it with PUSH HL; the corresponding POP HL is to be found at
CHINMI ("CHIN-I).
If a control-T had been selected
(to type all of the screent. control
would have passed to CT. ::iince this
code has the potential of messing up
both the BC and HL register pairs,
they are both pushed upon entry to
CT. CT ends by
running into
CHINM2 ("CHIN-2")
whkh pops
these registers and becomes CHIN to
fetch another character.
First, CT sends a form feed
character (you may whkh to save
paper by substituting
a carriase
return, ODH, here at location 75H),
to the printer and then enters a pair
of nested loops. The innermost loop
(lines 74-7), reads and prints 64
consecutive memory locations (one
line) of the screen RAM. The outer
loop (lines 73-80), invokes the inner
loop and then prints a carriage
return; it repeats 30 times, the
number of lines on the screen.
If a control-" was pressed, CHIN
jumps to OE003H, the warm reentry
point of the Monitor.
Last, if a control-E is pressed (to
send special char acter sequences to the
printer), control passes
to
CEo
First CE saves the registers that
would otherwise be messed up. Then
(starting at CE1, line 95), a "blob"
char acter is put on the screen to
prompt the user to enter the special
sequence. This
sequence will
be
placed in a buffer first so that I can
correct an error before it reaches the
printer. The address of the buffer is
placed in HL. B contains
the
maximum length of the buffer (which
is 5) and C contains an ASCII
carriage return. At CC (line 99) a
loop
is
established which
calls
KEYBRD until a character is received.
Ignoring for the moment that the
character might be a carriage return
or delete (shift-RUB), the character
is placed into the buffer (line 105).
Br comparing the character with a
bank (line 107), CE determines
99
whecba: or not the chaI actu is a
control code. If not. a jump is made
to N CTRL which echoes the chaI actu
to the video display and loops back
to CC (unles. this was the fifth
charactu placed in the buffu). If
. the received chaI actcr had been a
control code. then lines 109-113 are
carried out; a I'" is then echoed. and
the charactu i. supplciDented by 40H
which convuts the control code to a
printable charactu.
If. during input. a 7FH (RUB) is
encountered then a jump back to
CE1 i. puiormed to start on filling
BUFFER allover again. If a CR is
encountued
it illdicates that we
finished filhng the buffu and want
to tranllDit its contents to the
printerl" a jump to FIN (line 117)
accomp isbes that.
ADOR
01234567
0030:
0040:
0050:
0060:
0070:
0080:
0090:
00A0:
00BI1J:
011JC0:
0000:
00EI1J:
00F0:
FF
C3
22
80
111J
28
3E
B9
3E
0A
00
OB
E997
F5
CD1BEO
PUSH AF
CALL OE01BH
;video out
Althou8h one can call LIST, one
cannot call OE997H IUCcellfully in
order to drive the printu uclu81Vely.
because the .tack level was altued at
08993H. Too bad the CALL and
PUSH instruction had not been
interchan8edl
CHOUT
CHOUT has the respon.ibility of
outputtins the char acter in the A
rqlltu to the video and. if in the
nu.tins nate". should drive the
printer I I well. Furthu. it .hould
Check the keyboard for a control-S
(to immobilize outpUt). In all cases.
all reguter. must be preserved.
CHOUT SCarts by calling CTRLS.
which does not .ave the accumulator
or £118" CTRLS has the spccific
task of scanning the keyboard and
holdin8 up the works whenevu a
control-S is .en.ed. CTRLS returns
almOlt instantly. if no control-S is
prClled.
After control is returned from
CTRLS". a jump (line 64) to LIST
(0899311) or to NDLIST (OEOlBH).
uka place..!., complccing the function
CHOUT. "!"De jump addres8 i. at
(PATCH, whkh is over-written by CP
(when
a control-P
is pressed)
alternatively with the two possible
addres.es. This mcchod
known as
nimproper coding n • i. ~osen bccause
we need to con.erve memory space at
all COlt.
CTaLS
Obviousl". CTRLS ( line 130 )
should be dcacdbed further. I form a
control-S by first prcaaing the CTRL
ker. and then. the S-key. without
rclellin8
the
firn
key. CTRLS
outpUtS first a 3 to the keyboard
scannin8 port: (OFEH). and tests bit:
Z from that .ame port. If that bit is
.et then the S-key is not dcpres.ed
anJ CTRLS rCCurn. (line 135 ).
Otherwise. a 0 is output and the lime
bit Z i. tested. If the bit is set. the
CTRL key hllnlt been depres.ed and
100
CD
FE
CD
19
CD
CD 1B
18 F5
FE E6
36
E5
18
IE
40
14
1B
FE
1B
E0
3E
04
65
21
24
3E
00
28
E0
7F
E0
40
03
C0
23
93
F5
0C
00
07
21
28
F1
21
03
77 23
36
E9 3A 6B
CD E3 00
CD 4F 00
20 F1 C1
FE IE CA
33 00 01
E9 77 23
CD 1B E0
33 00 70
FE OB FE
CD 18 E0 28
8A
00
F1
06
E1
03
00
FE
10
B9
E6
FB
23
BO
C3
40
CD
E0
05
20
E0
28
04
CD
COEF
00
C9
03
E0
23
E0
05
18
11J9
F0
3E
21
E5
CD
C8
C0
EI1J
C6
CD 1B
7E 23
3E 00
00 28
11
00
1B
C5
4F
FE
E5
28
40
E0
CD
03
FB
01
F5
E0
21
00
10
C5
()
FB
F5
3E
4F
FE
C9
EXIOY Z-80 ASSEMBLER
ADOR
OBJECT ST
0001
0082
0083
0804
0805
0806
0887
0008
0809
0010
0011
0012
0813
0814
0015
0016
0017
0818
0019
0020
002l
8822
A u.eful entr.Y point, that is used
E993
E994
97
E9
00
0E
2A
77
20
1B
7E
18
FE
CD
30
79
AC
C0
8A
Oump of the machine code for the MX-80 printer interface.
by the above .0fCWaIe. is PRINT (line
49). whkh is the routine that outputs
the charactu in A to the printer
only; all registers are preserved. No
IIUch routine niscs in the Sorcuerls
Monitor .oftware. The closest .emblence is at LIST (OE993H):
19
97
6B
F0
F9
C1
7F
28
5E
89AB
>007F
>11J11J33
>0011J5
>0500
>I1JI1JI1JD
>E018
>0I1JFE
>000A
>000C
>E993
>E01B
>F080
>E003
,.************************************
,.*
*
,* MX-80 INTERFACE by E.E. BERGMANN *
,*
May 24, 1981
*
,.*
*
,************************************
PSECT
ASS
BLOB
BUFFER
BUFLEN
BUFB
CR
KEYBRD
KEYPRT
LF
FORMFD
LIST
OOLIST
SCREEN
WSTART
USEFUL
0024
0025
8826
0027
8828
0029
0838 ,
0831 IOINIT
0032
0033
0834
2A00F0 0035
1101FF 0036
8037
19
8038
97
3665
0039
23
0849
77
0041
23
0042
368A
0043
23
0044
0845
77
0046
C9
0847 ,
0048 CRPR
3E00
0049 PRINT
F5
C397E9 8058
0051 ,
0052 CP PUSH
E5
2193E9 0053
3A6B00 0054
BO
0055
2003
0856
2l1BE0 0057
226B00 0058 STHL
0059
1824
8060 ,
0061 CHOUT
F5
CDE300 0062
0063
F1
C31BE0 0064
0865 OPATCH
0066 ,
0867 CT
E5
0068
C5
2188F0 8069
0823
>003B
003B
003E
0041
0042
0043
0045
0046
0047
0048
004A
004B
004C
8040
004F
0050
8053
0054
8057
005A
005B
0050
0060
0063
0065
0066
0069
006A
>086B
0060
006E
006F
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
Fl;lU
Fl;lU
Fl;lU
Fl;lU
Fl;lU
Fl;lU
Fl;lU
Fl;lU
Fl;lU
Fl;lU
Fl;lU
Fl;lU
Fl;lU
7FH
33H
5
508H
00H
0E018H
8FEH
,RST6+3
,BUFLEN*100H
8AH
0CH
0E993H
0E01BH
8F880H
0E003H
;VIDEO+MX80
;VIDEO ONLY
;WARM RESTART
ENTRY POINTS:
CHOUT
CHIN
IOINIT
PRINT
f
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
ORG
3BH
" J
;AFTER RST7
;WILL PATCH '!HE I/O WI'!H
;CHIN AND CHOUT
; IN '!HE INTERESTS OF SPACE,
;IOINIT DOES NOT SAVE REGISTERS
LD
HL,(0F008H)
LD
DE,0FF92H+3FH
ADD
HL,DE
SUB
A
,PAGE 0
LD
(HL) ,CHOUT
INC
HL
LD
(HL) ,A
INC
HL
LD
(HL) ,CHIN
INC
HL
LD
(HL) ,A
LD
A,CR
RET
PUSH
JP
HL
LD
LD
CP
JR
LD
LD
JR
PUSH
CALL
POP
JP
Fl;lU
PUSH
PUSH
LD
AF
LIST+4
;MX-80 ONLY
;CTRL-P
HL,LIST ;TOOGLE PRINT
A, (OPATCH)
L
NZ,STHL-$
HL,OOLIST
(OPATCH) , HL
CHINM1-$
AF
CTRLS
AF
NOLIST
$-2
,
; OVERWRITTEN
HL
;CTRL-T
BC
;TYPES SCREEN
HL,SCREEN
JWIC 1
&
July 15, 1982
0072
0074
0076
0079
007B
007C
0070
0080
0082
0085
0086
0088
0089
008A
0080
008E
0090
0092
0094
0096
0098
009B
0090
009E
009F
00M
0M2
00AS
00A8
00AB
00AE
00B0
00Bl
00B3
00B5
00B7
00B8
00B9
0rilBB
0rilBO
0rilBF
0rilC0
00C2
00C5
00C6
0rilC9
00CB
00CC
ril0CF
0001
0004
0005
0008
0009
000A
000C
0000
ril00E
00El
0EIE
3E0C
C04F00
0640
7E
23
C04F00
10F9
C04000
00
20Fl
Cl
El
CD18E0
C8
FE10
28Cl
FE14
2807
FEIE
CA03E0
FEril5
C0
E5
C5
3E7F
CDIBE0
213300
010005
CD18E0
28FB
B9
2819
FE7F
28E9
77
23
FE2ril
30ril9
C64ril
F5
3E5E
CDIBE0
Fl
CDIBE0
10Eril
79
CDIBE0
3E0A
CDIBE0
40
213300
7D
B9
28AC
7E
23
CD4Fril0
18F5
>00E3
00E3
00E5
00E7
ril0E9
00EB
00EC
00EE
00Fril
rilrilF2
0rilF4
00F5
00F8
00FA
0rilFO
00FF
3E03
03FE
OBFE
E604
Cril
3E00
03FE
OBFE
E604
C0
CD18E0
28FB
C08Mril
28FB
C9
ERRORS=0000
BLOB
BUFLEN
CEI
CHINM2
CR
CTLI
FIN
KEYBRD
LIST
NXPR
SCREEN
WT
JW1e 1
&
0137F
131305
00M
0088
0000
0079
00CC
E018
E993
0008
F080
00FA
July 15, 1982
0070
0071
0072
0073
0074
0075
0076
0077
0078
0079
0080
0081
0082
0083
0084
0085
0086
0087
0088
0089
01390
0091
0092
0093
0094
0095
0096
0097
0098
13099
13100
0101
0102
0103
0104
0105
0106
0107
0108
13109
0110
13111
0112
0113
0114
0115
0116
0117
0118
13119
01213
0121
13122
0123
13124
0125
0126
0127
0128
0129
01313
0131
0132
0133
0134
13135
0136
13137
0138
13139
13140
0141
ril142
ril143
0144
0145
0146
LO
CTLl
CTL2
LD
CALL
LO
LD
INC
CALL
DJNZ
CALL
CHINM2
CHINMI
CHIN
OEC
JR
pop
POP
CALL
CEI
RET
CP
JR
CP
JR
CP
JP
CP
RET
PUSH
PUSH
LO
CC
CALL
LD
LD
CALL
CE
JR
CP
JR
CP
JR
LD
INC
CP
JR
ADO
PUSH
10
CALL
NCTRL
POP
CALL
DJNZ
LD
CALL
LD
CALL
FIN
10
NXPR
LD
LD
CP
JR
LD
INC
CALL
;
CTRLS
JR
10
OUT
IN
ANO
RET
10
OUT
IN
AND
RET
YES
CALL
JR
CALL
WT
BUFB
CC
CHIN
CHOUT
CRPR
CTL2
FORMFO
KEYPRT
NCTRL
OPATCH
STHL
YES
JR
RET
lINT]
[INT]
050ril
0rilAB
0ril8A
0ril65
0040
007B
ril00C
ril0FE
00C6
0ril6B
0060
00F5
C,30
;#LINES INSCREEN
A, FORMFO
PRINT
B,64
;# CHARS/LINE
A, (HL)
HL
PRINT
CTL2-$
CRPR
C
NZ,CTLl-$
BC
HL
KEYBRD
Z
10H
A,CP-$
14H
Z,CT-$
a return is made (line 140).
Thus if a con trol-S is keyed, the
point I abdled YES (line 141) is
reached. This point is a loop that
keeps calling KEYBRD until all keys
are rdeased. Flow continues to a
second loop labdled WT ("wait").
The progr am is immobilized here,
until a character that is passed on by
CHIN is received. The placement of
CHIN in this loop enables me to use
the commands activated by control-E,
_A, -T, and _Po
;CTRL-P?
MX-SO Hardware Interface
;CTRL-T?
The Epson MX- 80 printer appears
to be a very versatile printer, and
consequently,
more
confusing
to
connect. I
made up
a paralld
interface cable with a
57-30360
(Amphenol or Cinch) plug at the
printer end, and a DB-25P plug at
the computer end, for the paralld
interface socket. Between the plugs, I
foot length of 12
used
a six
conductor cable that I had lying
around. These are the connections I
chose finally:
ieTRL-l?
Z,WSTART
5
iCTRL-E?
NZ
HL
BC
A, BLOB
NOLIST
HL,BUFFER
BC,BUFB+CR
KEYBRD
Z,CC-$
C
Z,FIN-$
7FH
;REOO?
Z,CEl-$
(HL) ,A
HL
, ,
lEH
EXIDY
MX-80
1,8,25 9,14,19-30
8
MX- 80 ack.
Exidy data str.
Bit 6
6
7
Bit 5
7
6
A,' I'
16
2
Bit 4
Bit 0
AF
17
3
Bit 1
18
19
4
5
Bit 2
Bit 3
NC,NCTRL-$
A,4rilH
AF
NOLIST
NOLIST
CC-$
A,C
NOLIST
A,LF
NOLIST
C,L
;SAVE POSITION
HL,BUFFER
A,L
C
;AT OLO POSITION?
Z,CHINM2-$
A, (HL)
HL
PRINT
NXPR-$
iCHK FOR CTRL-S
A,3
iIF SO WAIT
(KEYPRT),A;ELSE RETURN
A, (KEYPRT)
4
NZ
A,ril
;CTRL?
(KEYPRT)LA
A, (KEYPR'l')
4
NZ
KEYBRD iWAIT NOW
z, YES-$
CHIN
Z,WT-$
;STILL PAGE 0
BUFFER
0033
CE
009E
CHINMI
0ril89
CP
ril053
CT
01360
CTRLS
00E3
lOIN IT [INT] 003B
LF
000A
NOLIST
ErillB
PRINT [INT] rilll4F
EIl03
WSTART
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
2
4
10
1
5
REMARKS
Ground
The grounding of Exidy pin 25
means that there is never a flBUSY"
signal. The MX-80 pin 9 must be
grounded, because the printer expects
an 8th data bit (normally a zero),
whereas the Sorcerer provides only 7
dat a bits with its Cen tr onics interface. The MX-80 pin 14 is grounded
so that the printer will line feed
automatically after receiving a carriage return character; the Sorcerer
driver fil ters out the L F char acter.
The Cusette
The preferable way, of course, to
generate the machine code, is to start
with the assembly code and assemble
it. Since you may not have the
patience nor the assembler, I have
produced a dump of the machine code
that can be entered using the Monitor
command, ENter. After entering the
hex values into the memory locations
3BH through OFFH, issue the commands:
SET X=3B
SAVE MX80 3B FF
Of course, your cassette recorder
should be set up to record the saved
program. While you are at it, .why
not record the progr am sever al tunes
over. That way you are less likdy
to "lose" the progr am, and you will
not need to rewind the cassette so
frequently. Incidentally, installing
motor
control
for
the
cassette
recoIder(s) is well worth the effortl
The recorded cassette can be used
with a simple "LOG" command. This
printer software will become your
constant companionl.O
101
.--------FOR THE EXIDY SORCERERTM-----.
I
• • •
•
•
•
A Dogfight in Space
•
•
•
•
•
a real-time graphics game for two players
written in machine language for the Exidy Sorcerer™
graphics characters continually redrawn for smooth, high-resolution movement
each ship realistically accelerates, rotates, and fires
16K required
• $20.00 for cassette (includes shipping) •
We think you'll like it!
==
P.O. BOX 1 91 0 • E U G ENE, 0 REG 0 N 97440 • ( 5 0 3) 689·7409
102
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
,.
,
,
I
two instruction codes for LD A,(BC) and LD (BC),A. Once
HARDWARB NOTBS
these instructions are fetched, the contents of the LS273
by Russell Flew
page-regista are added to the Z-80's 16 bit address bus
Sevaal issues back I wrote a column about the S-100
ex tending it to 24 bits. The next instruction is then
Box and its signals. I mentioned that I was wodcing on
executed at the newly defined page. When MIl goes to
genaating the PHANTOMI signal fOI the SOlcela. I have
logic 0 at the next Tl, the flip-flop is cleared and the
since leceived many lequests fOI infolmation on how this
program resumes at page 0 in main memory. This technique
signal might be used to expand memory beyond 64k.
does still confine program memory to the 56K of RAM that
the Sorcaer has at
The best method I've
page 0, but it allows
seen is an imprcwemen t
ova 16 megabytes of
on the traditional paging
data memory with very
method. The technique
little
hardware ovaI'll describe frees \{I the
head.
most significant address
bit and therefore allows
considaaDesign
each page to have a full
tions that should be
64k of RAM. Since the
kept in mind include
technique adds 8 bits to
the need to pick-up
the address bus, \{I to
zoo
CPIJ
most of these signals
256 pages can be addresinside the
Sorcerer.
sed. Most importantly,
While the S-100 box
the hardware is tr ana has
the
free
address
parent to existing softlines to ex tend the
ware.
addressing to 24 bits,
Let me state right up
those
8
addition al
front that this is no
lines will have to be
min« modification. It
carried out of the
is intended for
the
Sorcaa on anotha
ex perienced
computerist
flat cable and buffaed
with a strong hardware
into the Expansion
background and the right
Box. Also, don't forIt
involves
at
equipment.
get that the expansion
DEtrDBo
LD IBC}, Aor
Clur
LDA.(8CI
least 8 additional chips
bus is non-selected
.,.cs.tIcllG
~c~. ::::
that must be timed and
wheneva
the
main
/'
buffered correctly so as
logic board is active.
' - -_ _- ' -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _--'~
FIIP"IIOp J.1""ructiOntMcl"l~-.l
"not
not to interfere with the
I........ G.toG.-1 and etc.
is for the birds. So I came up with my own MERGE.
by Bill Boucher
(This article is reprinted from the May, 1980 issue of the
S.U.N.)
For those of us into machine or assembly language,
found seva al useful subroutines in BAS IC.
A routine at D015 will output to the screen the ASCII
string starting at the memory location specified by HL.
The string must be taminated with a 00.
Ex ample routine calling DO 15:
0000
0003
0006
0007
0008
0009
OOOA
OOOB
OOOC
21 07 00
CD 15 J:X)
C9
48
45
4C
4C
4F
00
SA"IHI
HL,M)Gl
ID
CALL J:X) 15
jSet HL to string
;Call output subr.
RET
MSGI
"H"
"E"
"L"
"L"
;Start of string
KP
;End of string
"a'
Loadins Instructions:
From BASIC: type --- CLOADG MERGE, .
From the Monitor: type - LOG MERGE, .
MERGE loads from 10H to F3H, and sets the input vector
to 101i, the same as typing SE 1=10 while in the Monitor.
I chose for MERGE to load at 10H because my Sorcaa
likes to "chew up" the first few bytes of memory when I
push the RESET buttons.
Anotha routine at D7BB convats the 16 bit numba in the
HL register pair to decimal and outputs it to the screen.
@
Ex ample calling the routine at D7BB:
0000 21 01 01 DECDJI' ID
HL,010lH ;HL=257 decimal
0003 m BB OJ
CALL D7BB
jConvert & displ.
0006 C9
RET
Bill Boucher, 1740 California St. #7,
Mount ain View, CA, 940400
June 1
&:
July 15, 1982
Operating Instructions:
I made this part as simple as I could (mainly because I'm
lazy). When you load MERGE, it takes ova with its
keyboard input routine, which just checks for three CTRL
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
--
103
-~---~---------------------------
key .. whkh uen't used for anything, and returns everything
el.e.
MERGE looks for the following keys:
CTRL-B : Disables MERGE. You must use this key before
you run any program which POKEs into low
memory. Otherwlle, strange things happen, eventually causing BASIC to cruh if you POKE in the
wrong place•.
CTRL-R : Recovers a program after you have typed NEW,
CLOAD, or hit RESET. Thi. works only if your
program hun't been destroyed by random POKE.
or .tack overfiow.
NOTB: If you want to MBRGE something to a
program you've loaded from a tape, I suggest you
use CTRL-R to readjust the end-of-program
pointer before you MERGE anything to it. The
reuon for this is that standud BASIC adds a
byte to the end of a pro~r am every time you
c;SAV~ it. In other words, if lou save a program
fiVe tunes, the lut copy wil have four eztra
bytes at the end. These eztra bytes keep MBRGE
from working correctiy. CTRL-R drops these
ez u a bytes.
CTRL-B : Bztend. the program ~ MERGBing. When you
press CTRL-B, there won t be any visible chanBe
ezcept that CTRL-B, CTRL-R, and CTRL-E will
ive! ?SN BRRORS, u if MERGE had never been
Ollded. When you press CTRL -R, the screen
.hould show a amall flicker, however brief, but no
other visible signs that it worked. However, when
you press CTRL-E, you will see:
Unit # , Name ? -
f
di~layed on the screen (or whatever your input
dev~e happens to be). You now have several
opuons:
1) Hit . The defaults take over and MERGE
the fir.t program from tape drive
#1.
2) TYPE: 1, . Same effect u 1.
3) TYPE: 2, . MERGEs the first program
from tape drive #2.
4) TYPE: 1, 'file name' . This will MERGE
the program 'file name' from tape drive #1.
EXAMPLE: To MERGE PROG1 from drive #1,
TYPE:. 1, PROG1
5) TYPE: 2, 'file name' . . Same option u
#4, ezcept it uses tat'e drive #2. If you use a
filename, you must Include the drive unit #1
After you hit , MERGE will turn on the specified
(or defaulted) drive unit. Then, if a file name wu given,
it will .earch the tape for the correct file and MERGE it
with the program in memory. Otherwise, it will simply
MBRGB the nezt file on tape to the program in memory.
MERGE adjusts ALL pointers in memory, so there's no
more worrying about typing: 0 REM, then delete line 0 then uying to remember whether or not you already HAD a
line O.
Caution.
I .UI that MBRGE will recover your program after you
wah RESET. This is Uue oolf if you give input control
&ac:k to MERGE. You can do this in one of three waysl
1) Go to the Monitor and SET I = 10H, the stut
of MERGE.
2) Go to the Monitor and type GO E7. MERGE
will .et the input vector for you.
3) From BASIC type the following line .
IMPORTANT: the above must be on one line, or your
Sorcerer will hang up, meaning you will have to RESET it
again.
For 8K, 'Dnnn = 8146
For 16K, nnnn = 16338
For 32K, nnnn = 32722
For 48K, nnnn = 16430
You must be cueful about the programs you merge.
MERGE doesn't cue what type of program you tell it to
get, .0 you must keep uack, or you'll wute a lot of time
re-typing destroyed programs.
104
Whatever program you merge MUST have line numbers
greater than those already in memory, or the merge will be
useless and will use up precious memory.
CCIIIIJIla.d Summary
CTRL-B = Disable MERGE and return to BASIC
CTRL-R = Recover program and reset pointers
CTRL-E = Eztend program by MERGEing
Merging with unit # and name.
Works with Monitor Ver 1.0,
and Standard BASIC Ver 1.0
(Other vers ions of Moni tor and
BASIC not tested as yet.)
Copyright (C) 1981 by
J au Cooper Jr.
Equates, in Alphabetical order:
;
BLADJ
BPJ3N)
BPSIO
LINE'
OE7341-1 ;SKlP FILE eN TAPE
OE7FBH ;TAPE 10 MIM:RY TRANSFER
10H
CRG
START
;BASIC LINE POINIER ADJUIT
; J3N)-, 1RY AGAIN
; ,~ 10 BASIC
RET
NZ
CALL
ID
ID
ID
RET
GBI'IY
;FIN) lIWA
HI.,KEYID
(IY+41H),L
(IY+42H),H
;KEYBQAlI)
ID
ID
ID
A,O
HI.,BPSlO+4
ID
ID
CR
(BPSTRO) ,HL
A,H
;
RSETI
;
RECDV
CPIR
0IlCK
JR
10
INC
ID
PNI'R
lm:.E
;YES ,MERGE
EX
JR
EX
INC
JR
IQJ
CALL
ID
CALL
CALL
PUH
CALL
INPUT RClJfINE
;IDN BITE
;HI LINE START
;PIOi J3N)?
;YES, RESIt:BE POINIER
;POINr 10 NEXI' LINE
;GETEID IN HI.
; +1 BYI'E
;ADJUST POINIERS
& ~
;SKlP A LINE
;SI'ART ~ MESSAGE
;PRINI' rr
;NEID pm M:MN
LA1ER
;GET llirr # & NAME,
; IF /tN'l
; &
PCP
10
ID
CP
HI.
E,l
A, (HL)
;MVA IN HI.
;CASSETIE 1 IS DEFJU.LT
; INPUT
~
;ANY?
CALL
NZ,a:NV
ID
CP
B,E
SORCERER'S APPRENTICE
~
;YES, GET DRIVE # IN E
;OIHERWISE, DRIVE # 1
; IS 1H\T ALL 1HE INPUf?
June
1 & July 15, 1982
o
Z,NEKI'-_
JR
PlSi
CALL
@
Be
+2) ,HI.
(BPIN)+4 ) ,HI.
HI., (BPSIO)
DE
IP
BIADJ
SEI'I
PUSH
CALL
PCP
JR
JQJ
DEFB
DEFB
DEFB
DEFB
DEFB
DEFB
DEFB
DEFB
DEFB
DEFB
DEFB
DEFB
DEFB
DEFB
DEFB
CALL
lD
ID
ID
I
DE
SKIPF
DE
FLCXP-_
;N), MERGE 1HIS CNE
;PUI' IY
; IN IX
;NAME LlNiIH
; aMPARE INPUI'
;\\KNG NAME, SKIP FILE
;OK SO FAR, KEEP a-mcKINi
;MATQ-l - MERGE PIO:iRRof)
;SKIP ANOIHER LINE
; FI RSI' PIO:i IN)
;GET # CF BYrES IN 2nd
; PRaiRAM
; -1 FeR MEM:EY A1DR
; IN) CF MERGID PIO:iRRof)
. IN HI.
;SI'ART CF VARIABLES
; SI'ART CF ARRA'~
;SI'ART CF FREE MEM:EY
;AIDR CF 2nd LINE
;ADIUSf SI'ACK, WE
; \\tN 'T RE'I1.:RN
;ADJUSf UNE POINTERS AN)
; RE'll..mI 10 BASIC
;
Source Exif Data:
File Type : PDF
File Type Extension : pdf
MIME Type : application/pdf
PDF Version : 1.3
Linearized : No
XMP Toolkit : Adobe XMP Core 4.2.1-c041 52.342996, 2008/05/07-21:37:19
Create Date : 2018:08:21 13:01:47-08:00
Modify Date : 2018:08:21 13:04:42-07:00
Metadata Date : 2018:08:21 13:04:42-07:00
Producer : Adobe Acrobat 9.0 Paper Capture Plug-in
Format : application/pdf
Document ID : uuid:fb2e4a81-2e67-054c-a6b9-546823629d5e
Instance ID : uuid:672fbd83-4b9d-b849-9892-e66217617aa1
Page Layout : SinglePage
Page Mode : UseNone
Page Count : 36
EXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools