Sorcerers_Apprentice_V4N4_Jun1982 Sorcerers Apprentice V4N4 Jun1982

@

1

G

SIJ~[lE~E~~~

~(JJJ~ErlTI[lE

TM

PAGE

73

VOLUME

4

NUMBERS

4 & 5

June 1, & July 15,

1982

INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER USERS GROUP/NEWSLETTER

Copyright (C)

1982

by

Sorcerer's

Apprentice

-

All

rights

reserved

Price

$3.00

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

IN

THIS

ISSUE

-

BELLY

UP!

••••••••••••••••••

7 3

ODDS

&

ENDS

••••••••••••••••

7 4

PUBLIC

DOMAIN

-

#2

•••••••••

75

SOUND

EFFECTS

••••••••••••••

76

SB

LETTER

MACRO

••••••••••••

76

NEWS

FROM

THE

VALLEY

•••••••

77

RANDOM

EXPANSIONS

••••••••••

78

OFFICE

SORCERER

••••••••••••

80

SPREAD

SHEET

CONT'D

••••••••

81

'SWORD'

REVIEW

•••••••••••••

82

PRINT

'EM

WID

E

••••••••

83

CASSETTE

INDICATOR

LIGHT

••

083

VENEZUELAN

CONNECTION

••••••

84

EASY

TYPING

PRACTICE

•••••••

89

ON-LINE

••••••••••

0.0

•••••••

89

USEFUL

POKE

COMMANDS

•••••••

89

ESF

-

ADDITIONAL

INFO

••••••

90

ESF

-

OPERATING

TECHNIQUES

••

91

ROM

PAC

NOTEBOOK

-

#4

••••••

93

ROM

PAC

NOTEBOOK

-

#5

••••••

94

MAG

I C

SQUARE

S

••••••••••••••

9 5

REMOTE

CP/M

NOTES

••••••••••

95

T.O.S.C.A

••••••••••••••••••

96

PSEUDO

PRINT

USING

•••••••••

96

THE

MAKING

OF

'DUEL'

•••••••

97

TIPS

•••••••••••••••••••••••

91

MX-80

SUPER

INTERFACE

••••••

97

FINANCIAL

TABULATOR

•••••••

098

HARDWARE

NOTES

••••••••••••

103

GET

ML

ROUTINES

FROM

B-PAC.103

MERGE

••••

0 • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • •

••

1 0 3

RELOCATED

W-PAC

MODS

••

0000105

RANDOM

I/O

••••

0

•••••••••••

106

4TH

TIP

•••••••••••••

00

••••

106

aSI

BBLLY

UP.

by

Don

Gottwald

Finally,

we have

the

correct

information

(we hope)

rqarding

the

status

of

Eddy

Systems,

Inc.

(ESI).

Mike

Mazzola

of Biotech

is

refernng

all

calls

regarding

ESI

to

Gary

Jensen

of

Challenge

Computer Corp.

I spoke

with

Gary Jensen

and

he

confirms

that

Exidy

Systems,

Inc.

is

out

of

buaines..

Challenge

Computers is

NOT

a replacement

for

ES

I,

nor

will

they support

the

Sorcerer

in

any

way.

For

any

questions you may have,

he

suggests you

contact

B.J.

Freeman

by

mail

at

P.O.

Box 70310,

Sunnyvale,

CA

94086, by

phone

at

(408)

738-0185

or

(408)

749-8871

or

via

the

SOURCE

at

TCD284.

Challenge

Computers

has

bought

some of

ESI's

inventory.

They are

currently

offering

Model

II's

with

48K

RAM

for _700. They

also

have some

single

Floppy

Disk

Systems

(FDS)

for

_600

and

add-on

units

for

_500.

No

S-100

Unit

is

required for these. A few

Standard

BASIC

Pac's

and Word Processor

Pac's

are

available,

as well

as

some

software.

If

you're

interested

in

any of these

items,

contact

Gary Jensen

at

Challenge

Computer

Corp.,

1225 Commerce Drive, Richardson,

TX 75081;

tel.

(214)

669-1101.

It

appears

that

ESI

could

not

generate

enough cashflow

to

support

the

products

they were

offering.

According

to

Gary, about 5000 Sorcerers were

sold

in

the

United

States,

versus 20,000

in

Europe. (Figures quoted by

ESI's

management

were

substantially

higher. They said

that

15,000 were

sold

in

the U.S., versus 30,000

in

Europe).

Compudata,

B.V. of

Holland

still

has

manufacturing

rights

to

the

Sorcerer

and

are

currently

producing them

for

the

European

market.

(We

will

investigate

the

possibility

of

support

from Compudat a

and

report

back

to

you).

Biotech owns

all

patents,

copyrights

and

manufacturing

licenses

to

the Sorcerer.

The

designer of

the

original

Sorcerer

is

reportedly

negotiating

with

Biotech for

the

manufacturing

rights.

We'll

keep

you

posted.

(continued

on

page

89)

•

ODDS

a:

BNDS

by

Ralph

LaFlamme,

Editor

Greeting.

after

a

long

absence from

. these pages. I

want

to

thank

Don

Gottwald

for

pitching

-in

so

well

with

the

last

issue. He

got

the

whole

thing

out

alone.

I

think

he did a

auper

jobl

I

must

apologize

to

a number of

you

for

my

lack

of

personal

contact

1n

lome

time.

That

1ncludes those of

you

who have tried

to

contact

me via

the

SOUR'CE

and

MicroNET.

If

you

have

had

file(s)

for

me

to

be

picked

up

off

these systems

in

the

I

ast

few

months,

please

contact

me

again

via

the

account

numbers shown

on

the

back

cover.

Hopefully,

I'll

be

better

able

to

return

your

inquiries.

I have been going

through

a good

deal

of

personal

upheavals

for

the

last

few

months.

I have

just

moved

from

Troy,

Michigan

to

the

Lafayette,

Louisiana

area.

This,

coupled with

problema

in

getting

articles

and

ads

1n

on

time,

and

various equipment

problems,

created a good

many

delays.

Out

apologies

for

this

and

thank

you

for

your p

adence.

Hopefully,

every-

thing

is

now

under

control.

I have been accepted

into

the

gr aeluate

progr

am

in

Computer Science

at

the

University of

Southwestern

Louisiana

located

in

Lafayette,

LA.

Consequently,

I have

to

give up

my

role

as Bditor

of

this

Newsletter.

We

are

in

need of a new

Bditor.

If

anyone

i.

interested

in

this

job,

please

contact

UI

by

mail

at

our

P.O.

boz,

or

by

phone.

Don

Gottwald

may be reached

at

(313)

286-92.65

and

I

at

(318)

856-4954.

Despite

all

the

headaches, I've

enjoyed

this

role

and

have enj oyed

talking

and

corresponding

with

you. I hope

that

you

give

the

new

Editor

as much

support

as you have given

me..

In

order

to

try

and

get

caught

up,

we

are

combining i.sues 4

and

5 1n

one.. You are

still

Jetting

an

eIJual

number of

articles

1n

this

combined

issue,

you're

just

not

getting

a

duplication

of covers, ada,

application

form,

etc.

A.s.

Marland

of

Boi.

Colombes,

FraDCe advises

that

Bob

Roth'.

Z-80

Relocator

program

found

in

issue

3.4,

had

an

additional

bug.

Address 504E

reada:

OC

(INC

C),

but

should

read:

03

(INC

Be).

This

,ets

the

length

right

when

dealing

With

block.

that

are a whole number of pages

long.

He

al.o

add.

that

the

new Monitor

1.1

retains

a bug

in

the

TBst

program.

OK

atill

means

there

is

a

zero

at

the

indicated

bit

location,

while

BAD

alill

mean.

there

is

a

one

with

no

indication

of

what

the

bits

ought

to

have

been.

Put

another

way,

the

bad

addtal

ia compared

with

00

during

print

out,

even

though

it

was

probably

compared with something

else

when

the

fault

was

actually

detected.

POP BC

(to

recover B), PUSH

bc

(to

put

C

back

on

the

stack)

need

to

be

in.erted

between E963

and

B9641

Bob Freeman advises

that

he

has

an

Bztended

Basic

Star

Trek

program

containing

5 modules

to

run

on

5

Sorcererl.

The

modules are

not

complete

but

are

far

enough

along

74

for someone

to

take

over

and

complete.

He

has

not

had

the time

to

do

this

himself

but

will

be

glad

to

provide

any

thoughts

he

has

to

any

interested

parties.

He used

the

Book,

Starship

Simulation,

by Dilithium

Press as

his

reference source. You

may

contact

him by phone

on

Weekends

(408)

749-8871

or via the

Source

at

TCD284.

Charles

Boone,

of

Lokeren,

Belgium,

advises us of

the

following

European

sources for items

available

for the

Sorcerer:

Light

Pen

This

pen

plugs

into

the

parallel

port,

comes

with

5

programs

to

teach

how

to

use

it

Wlth BASIC

and

ML-

programs and a demo

program.

This

1S

avail able from:

Gilbert

Oegema,

Florisdonk

10,

4707

Vm

Roosendaal,

The

N etherl

ands.

Gebr.

Van

Montfort,

Smedestraat

13,

6418

CR

Heerlen,

The

Nether-

lands,

has

the

following

five items

available:

1/0

Pac

This is

an

EPROM

Pac

with

24

I/O

lines,

it

has room for 2 EPROMs and

is

user

programmable.

BPROM

Progummer

This

EPROM

Progr ammer

plugs

into

the

I/O

Pac above via a

25-

pole

D-

connector.

This

includes

all

neces-

sary

software

which

can

be

put

into

the

1/0

Pac.

BPROM

Pac

This

can

be

used

to

plug

in

your own

software.

ROM

Pac Bua

Sy.tem

This

buffered

bus

system

allows

you

to

software

select

and

insert

anyone

'of

eight

possible

Pacs

without

having

to

turn

off

your

system.

BXPAN

Monitcn:

Bzpansion

Program

This

powerful debugger/disassembler

takes

the

ezisting

13

Monitor

com-

mands

and

expands

them

with

23

new

ones.

This

program

improves

the

old

ENTER,

MOVE

and

SET

commands

and

adds

others

such as

DA

(Dump

Ascii)

HE

(Hez

-calallation)

and

Breakpoint

manipul

ation

commands

(SR,

RB,

DR, OS,

DB,

CO,

ER,

and

EX).

Leo

Gielen, Zeishof 18, 6418

JJ

Heerlen, The

Netherlands,

has

the

following 3 items avail

able:

EPROM

Br_

This

inezpensive

eraser takes

about

45

minutes

to

do

its

thing

on

four

EPROMS

at

once.

Monitor

ROM

Version

1.lB

This

ROM

fues

all

known

bugs while

still

maintaining

the

1.0

jump-

addresses.

It

has

a switch

available

to

allow

switching back

and

forth

between Versions

1.0

and

1.18

if

you

should

so choose.

Game

Interface

I DA Converter

This

sys tem

cont

aJ.n~:

1)

A j

o~sti~

interface·

2)

MuslC

lDterface

whlCh

is

compatibie

with

Arrington's

st

andard;

3)

An

amplifier;.

4)

An

8-bit

DA

SORCERER'S

APPRENTICE

converter based on a

DA

chip,

not

a

cheap set of resistor s.

ERRATA:

In

issues

3.8,

it

was

erroneously

stated

that

the

Vista

disk

system uses

soft-sectored

disks.

We

are advised

that

it

should

have read

10

hard-sectored.

Wim

Plaat

at

Triangle

Systems

advises

that

their

Word Pac

Plus

program

will

not

be released. They

have

had

too

many

bugs

to

work

out.

Anyone

with

unresolved

complaints

about their order

for

this

program,

please

contact

Wim

direct.

Anyone

using

CP/M

2.xx

and

Spellbinder

have

probably

noted

occasional

problems

with

lost

files.

The

file

is

OK

long

when you go

to

load

the

file

later.

You

know

you

wrote

it

to

disk properly and

got

a

message back

as

to

how

many

characters

were saved. What

hap-

pened?

There

appears

to

be a bug

in

the

latest

version of

Spellbinder.

It

does

its

own

10

calls

rather

than

using

CP/M's

console

input

(CONIN),

output

(CONOUT)

routines.

Conse-

quently,

when

you

write a

file

to

disk,

it

does

not

flush

the

buffer,

to

transmit

the

balance

of

the

file

and

then

write

an

end of

file

mark.

To

prevent this

loss,

do a query

(Q

command) of the directory immediate-

lr

after

saving a

file.

This

will

f

ush

the

buffer

and close

the

file

properly.

This

has

been working

fine

for

me

now. I've

lost

some big files

by

not

realizing

this

I

Lexisoft

is

aware of the problem and is

rectifying

it.

We'll

let

you

know

about

updates from Lex

isoft

as

soon

as we hear something.

We

have several Members who are

Ham oper

ators.

If

any of

you

would

like

to

be

in

contact

with

other

Hams

flease

let

us

know

(include

your

'ca

1

sign).

We'll

publish

a

list

of such members.

After

trying

several

different

cas-

sette

recorders, Steven Smouse, of

Keene,

Tez

as

advises

that

he

hlKl

the

best

luck

with

using

the

Sound

Design

model #7636 recorder

using

DAK

Industries

tapes.

He

found

the

recorder

to

be

the

most

important

factor

in

being able

to

LOad

prorrams

from

tape

with

tape

quality

a c ose second.

Late

last

year

we

had

requested

information

on

your

dealings

with

Ezidy

Systems,

Inc.

We

were

interes-

ted

in

approaching ESI

with

your

problems

to

see

if

we

couldn't

help

to

lmpr

ove

the

service. Since they have

now gone

out

of

business,

there

is

no

more

point

to

this.

I would

like

to

thank

all

of you who

took

the time

to

respond

to

our request.

Hopefull

Y

l

just

writing

about

it

helped some 0

you

to

relieve yourselves

of

some

pent

up

frustr

ations.

There

were more

than

a few

of

youl

In

response

to

issue 3.6

article,

"Galaxians

Attackl",

Lenn

art

Mans-

son,

of S

multronstig

en,

Sweden

sends

along

the

scores of some of

his

fellow

students

achieved while

playing

this

game. Look

at

thesel.

Kadn

Kallmark

179440

Inge

Melin

140320

Anders

Kullberg

51980

June

1 & July

15.

1982

@

cc

C[

IN

THE

PUBLIC

DOMAIN

by Bruce Bl akeslee -CP/M & Micropolis Libr

arian

906 Crestwood Road -West

Westfield,

NJ

07090

(201)

233-3185

(Evenings)

This

installment

of

my

column

will

focus

on

the CP/M

User's Group volumes.

As

I

stated

last

issue, the CP/MUG

has

been

around

since

1977.

To

date,

it

has

produced

59

volumes of

public

domain

software.

This

is a

treasure

trove

of

useful

programs

and

tutorial

information

on

such topics

as

8080

and

Z80 assembly 1

anguage

progr

amming,

interpreter

and

compiler design and

development,

as

well

as

game

and

util

ity

progr

amming.

The

CP/MUG volumes are numbered

1-54

and

78-82.

Volumes 55

to

77 were

re-issues

of

early

SIG/M

User Group

volumes.

There

was

quite

a row

about

CP

/MUG

re-releasing

these volumes

without

the

authorization

of

S IG/M.

To

my

knowledge,

this

will

not

recur.

I

will

not

discuss volumes

55

to

77 as

part

of the CP/MUG as I

will

be

covering them

in

a

later

column

on

the

SIG/M volumes.

Because of space

limit

ations,

I

will

be

giving a very

general

overview of each volume. For a more

complete

catalog

of the CP/MUG

and

SIG/MUG volumes see the

end

of

this

column.

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• Not

at

ions

Us

ed

Bel

ow

•

• •

• 1 = A volume

most

will

want

•

• 2 = Of

interest

fran

the

•

point

of

software

•

devel

opment.

•

• 3 = Of

limited

interest

•

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Volume 1

•••••

Various

CP~

Utility

Progrmns

Volume 2

•••••

Lawrence

Livermore

Basic

and

0)

(2)

Volume

Vohme

Volume

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

•••••

Disk

Tiny

Basic.

Various

Bas

ic

E Games

(1)

Actor,

M..80

and

Fortran-80

Code

(2)

Basic

E COmpiler and

Progrmns

(1)

Ut

il

i

ti

es and Ganes

(1)

PIIDr

language

(1)

CP~

Utilities

(2)

Gener

al

Ledg

er

by Bud Shmnburg

er

(1)

Lawr

ence

Livermor

e

Bas

ic

(2)

interfaced

to

CP/M

Volume

11

.....

Disk

Tinybasic

and

Disk

Processor(2)

Technology

BASIC/5.

Volume

12

.....

Pilot

Interpreters

patched

for

(1)

Volume

CP/M.

13

•••••

BASIC-E/CBASIC and

MBASIC

Games

(1)

14

.....

CP~

Utilities

(2)

15

.....

Ut

il

i

ti

es and non-BASIC games

(2)

16.

....

As

sembi

eIS,

Ut

il

i

ti

es,

and

KlO\L

(1)

17

•••••

Utilities,

Denver

Tiny

BASIC

(2)

and

NCN-BASIC

gmnes.

Volume 18

.....

Math

Routines,

Moni

tors

and

(2)

Volume

G.Sl<\L

-toO CP

~

hook

up.

19

.....

Utilities

-

Hardware

specific

(2)

20

•••••

BASIC-E and

CBASIC

Programs

(1)

21

.....

Microsoft

Basic

Programs

-

Games

(1)

22

.....

Monstrous

Star

Trek

Ganes -

too

(1)

big

for

most

systems

but

can

be

cut

down.

Volume 23

.....

SIDIC

Compiler

(1)

Volume

24

.....

CP~

Utilities,

Macro

Libraries

(2)

Volume

and

RAlFCR.

25

•••••

Utilities,

CP~ S]DIC

26

•••••

MBASIC

and

KR1R.AN

Games

27

•••••

MBASIC

Ganes

28

.....

Bas

ic-E

Ut

il

it

ies

and Games

Including

a

Data

Base

System

and

ALaL

1

ike

1 anguag

e.

(1)

(

1)

(1)

Vol

ume

29

•••••

ASM

Ganes and Ut

il

i

ti

es and

CP

~

(2)

BASIC-E

Vl.4

Floating

Point

Volume

Vol

ume

Volune

Volume

Volune

Volume

Source.

30

•••••

CP/M

BASIC-E

Vl.4

PLM

Source

(2)

31

•••••

Tarbell

Basic

Manual and

Source

(2)

32

•••••

Tarbell

Basic

Source

(2)

n

.....

Search

and

Rescue

Programs

0)

34

•••••

SAM76

Language

(1)

35

•••••

FELIX -

Graphics

Animation

Sys.

(2)

36

•••••

Assemblers,

Editors,

and

Uti!.

'5

(2)

37

•••••

CBASlC

Programs

(1)

38

.....

Utilities

and FASf

(2)

39

•••••

Music

Programs

(1)

40

•••••

Disk

Cataloging

System

(1)

41

.....

Ham

Radio

Ctess

Progr

mns

(2)

42

.....

Dis

as sembI

eIS,

Ut

il it

ies

(1)

Volume

43

•••••

Osborne

CBASICZ

Accounts

Pal:able

and

Receivable

(BUlS)

Volume

44

•••••

Os

orne

General

Ledger

(BUGS)

Volume

45

•••••

Osborne

Payroll

w/cost

accntg.

Vohme

46

.....

CP~

Utilities

Volume 47

•••••

CP~

Utilit

ies

Volume

48

•••••

BDS-C

SaJqIl

er

Disk

Volume

49

•••••

Fortran

and RAlFCR

Progrmns

Volume

50

•••••

P

asc

al

Conp

il

er,

SPEID

Volume

51

•••••

Stage2

Macro

Processor

Volume 52

•••••

Utilities

Volume

53

•••••

BDS-C

Adventure

Volume 54

•••••

Xitan

Disk

Basic

Programs

•

••

Volume

55

-77

are

re-issues

of

SIG~

Disks

Volume

\a.lME

Volume

78

•••••

Utilities

79

.....

Modan Progrmns

for

Pl'&1I, and

Smart

Modem

80

•••••

Crananco

Structured

Basic

Prograns.

81

•••••

CP/M Ut

il

i

ties

82

•••••

North

Star

BIOS

routines

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

•

Disks

May

Be

Ordered

Fran

Me

•

• At

The

Address

Above •

• •

•

_3.00/disk

-you

supply

the

•

media

FCIlMATIID. •

• •

•

_8.00/disk

- I

supply

the

•

media.

•

• •

•

Please

include

a minimum

of

•

_1.50

Postage.

•

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

(1)

(2)

(1)

(2 )

(1)

0)

(1)

0)

(1)

(2 )

I

realize

that

the

above

descriptions

are

scanty

at

best.

They

are

designed

to

give you a

brief

idea

of

available,

low

cost

softwate.

J

can

provide a

disk

with

a full

catalog.

I

will

also

provide

the

CP /MUG

and

SIG/M

programs

found

on

the above disks

at

the

costs

outlined

above.

There

are

now

59

CP{M disks

and

69

SIG/M disks

for

a

total

of 128.

That

is

a

ot

of

software.

Please

realize

that

much of

the

software

available

must

be

converted

to

the

Micropolis

disk

format

because

the

sector skew

is

different

from

standard

CP

/M

8",

single

density

disks.

Also,

there

are

often

machine

specific

routines

in

much of the

software

which must

be

changed

to

work

on

the

Sorcerer.

The

Monitor

calls

will

be

different,

the

video

is

found

in

a

different

area,

and

the screen

size

is

non-standard

just

to

mention

a few

of

the

problems.

For

me, however,

this

has

been

the

interesting

part.

With

the

ASM

files

to

work from, I have

learned

a

great

deal

about

my

machine

and

about

progr.amming.

Getting

one

of these

programs

to

run

is

a

real

JOY.

Don't

get

me

wrong.

Many of

the

programs

contained

in

the CP/M disks

will

run

without

modification.

Don't

~e

put

off

however,

at

having

to

rewrite something

to

make

lt

run.

It

is

a

great

way

to

learn

and

contribute.

If

you

are

like

me, you

will

struggle

at

first

just

to

make

the

programs

run.

At

first,

ignore

the

inelegance

or the

optimization

of

the

program.

After you have some

experience,

you

will

find

yourself

adding

conditional

IF

-

ENDIF

Jrogram

segments

so

those

who have a Sorcerer

can

easily

ter

the

program

for. themselves

a,!-d

stil~

leave .the

original

code

untouched.

Fmally,

you

will

begm

to

hnd

ways

to

make

the

pro¥rams

run

more

efficiently,

correct

bugs

you

and

others

dlscover,

and.

make

e~tentions.

to

.the

programs

to

provide

for

more

options.

It

s a

fasanatlng

task.

In

the

I

will

discuss

the

software

available

on

the

SIG/M

disks.

I

will

also

announce

the

first

volumes of

the

Sorcerer User

Group.

At

this

point,

I have 4 volumes

that

I

am

editing.

They

will

be

!Dad~

up of progr.ams

submitted

by

Sorcerer

users

and

will

lnclude

TIP

files,

BASIC Pac

files,

and

other

software

designed

to

run

on

the

Sorcerer.

I

mention

this

now because I

would

like

each of

you

to

begin

thinking

about

submitting.

programs

YOU

h~ve

written

to

the

SUG.

Anyone

who

submlts

programs

on

dl.sk

will

receive

in

return

one

disk of

software

of

your

chotee

free.

The

only

thing

I

request,

and

I

wil~

be

careful

ab~ut

this,

is

that

you submit

only

public

domun

software

whteh

you

have

written.

Do

not

submit

software

you have

purchased.

If

you

have

any

questions

I

would

love

to

talk

to

you.

can

be

reached

most

evenings

at

(201)

233-3185.

Call

me,

I love

to

chat

about

software

and

I

would

love

to

hear

what

you

are

doing

with

your

Sorcerer.G

June 1

11£

July

15,

1982

SORCERER'S APPRENTICE

75

SOUND

BPPBCTS

by Thom as

J.

Sweeney

Thia is for

all

of those who own a

Sorcerer', Voke and have any

kind

of

space game proJlram

•.

The following

.

routines

were or18inally designed with

Star

Trek

in

mind

but

can

be used

in

any of the space game.programs

whkh

have been devised

over

the years.

Phueu

POR

1=1

10

30

aJI'

255

,47

POR

J=1

10

15:NBX1' J

aJI'

255

,45

NBXl'

1

arr

2"

.2"

RB'ruRN

Red

Alert

POR

JJ=1

10

5

POR

1=25

10

45

arr

255,1:OUT

255,1+1

POR

J=1

10

10:NBX1' J

NBXI'

1

arr

255,255

POR

J=1

10

30lNEXT J

NIlXI'

JJ

RB'ruRN

lUioloO

Ret1Uo

Fire

REM

10=

#

OF

KLIl'IiQlS

POR

JJ=1

10

(10*2)

POR

1=50

10

25

STEP

-1

arr

255,1

NBXI'

I

arr

2"

,255

REM

RAMXM

DELAY

BB'lWBEN

SKJI'S

POR

J=1

10

(INT(RND(I)·500+5»

NIlXI' J

NBXI'

J

RB'ruRN

Photoo

Torpedo

POR

J=1

10

40

arr

2"

,50

NBXI'

J

POR

1=50

10

25

STBP

~1

arr

255,

I

lOUT

255,1+1

NIlXI' I

arr

2"

,2"

•

RB'ruRN

.'

«< CIASSIPIID

ADS

»>

_1/line

===============================

FCIR

SAUlI

'18K

SOIICCI:U

II,

15" mcmhor,

D-Paq

Progumll Miaobame, 3

games

-

_1195.

NBWI

1 BWe Pac

_45,

1

Dev.

Pac

_65.

Writel

Steve

ClcuRh.

6444

W.

Pinecone

Dr.,

Michisan

City,

Ilf;

46360.

===============================

COIIPLBTB

LBTTBR

MACRO FOR

S.BLLBlHDBR

VBRSION

5.10

by

Daniel

Edward

Behmer

Ita a miuocomputer

consultant

who

does work

in

many

parts

of the

world, I find

that

my

SPELLBINDER

Word Processor

is

one of

my

most

frequeotly used pieces of computer

loftware.

It

is

not

unuaual for

me

to

lend out

ten

letters

a

day,

each

CJuite

iadividual

in

chsr acter.

There-

fore,

it

wu

absolutely necessary

that

I write a Macro

in

SPELLBINDER's

MSPBAK

language

t.o

take

care of

most of the tedious chores.

Included

at

the end

of

the Macro

yc;N

will find complete

instructions.

The

ule

of this Macro

hu

increased

my

own

letter

writing production by

100%

and I hope

that

you find

it

useful u

well.

76

LISTING

; A

COMPLETE

LETTER

MACRO

FOR

SPELLBINDER

Version

5.10

ISS

28

:%C

=

"1"

:%D

= "2"

:%4

= 2

:%5 =

$3

f

:%6

0=

$3

:%1 =

%6

-

%5

+ 1

t

:%3

U + U

:pr

"U/U3/"

:pr

"LETTER

WRITING

SYSTEM

MACRO

-

by

Daniel

Edward

Behmer

n

:pr

nU3/U3/"

:pr

nTYPE

(1)

FOR

FULL

SYSTEM:

***********************

#13/

n

:pr

n * *

113/

n

:pr

nAIl

space

&

Letter

Options

*

Note:

letter

must

*

#13/

n

:pr

nFi1e

Card

*

have

()

after

the

*

#13/

n

:pr

nEnve10pe

*

address.

*

#13/

n

:pr

nLetter

* *

U3/

n

:pr

nFi1e

Copy *

FULL

INSTRUCTIONS

*

113/

n

:pr

n *

AT

END

OF

THE

MACRO.*

113/

n

:pr

"TYPE

(2)

FOR

SHORT-CUT

TO:

*---------------------*

113/

n

:pr

n *

Options

set

at

*

U3/

n

:pr

"Envelope

*

initiation:

*

113/

n

:pr

"Letter

* *

113/

n

:pr

"File

Copy *

single

space

letter

*

113/

n

:pr

" *

space

not

expanded

*

#13/

n

:pr

"TYPE

(3)

FOR

SHORT-CUT

TO: *

your

name

only

on

*

113/"

:pr

n *

return

address

of

*

113/

n

:pr

"Letter

*

pre-printed

enve1ope*

113/

n

:pr

"File

Copy

* *

U3/"

:pr

"

***********************

113/

n

lin

"

YOUR

CHOICE? "

%E

:%F

=

"2n

Ion

%E%F

/

54

72

:pr

nU/n3/

n

lin

"Type

(1)

for

Single

space;

(2)

for

double

space

n

%C

:pr

"1131"

g

~,.

lin

"Type

(1)

for

expand

space;

(2)

for

regular

space

n

%D

~

:pr

nU3/

n

:pr

nType

(1)

for

your

full

name

and

address

on

envelope

113/

n

:pr

nType

(2)

for

your

first

name

only

on

pre-printed

113/"

.:in

n

envelope

---

n

%4

:pr

nU3/"

lin

"Type

(1)

to

file

card;

(2)

to

envelope;

(3)

to

letter

n

%A

:%B

= n2n

Ion

%AtB

/

54

72

:pr

"U3/

n

lin

nInsert

the

FILE

CARD,

then

(CR)n

%A

y 1 90

110

2 0 1 1

65

2 1 0 0

25

10

pU

bU

:pr

"U3/

n

lin

"Insert

the

ENVELOPE

in

the

Printer,

then

(CR)

n

%A

y 1 90

110

0 0 1 1 65 2 1 0 0 25

10

yt

0 2 0 0

12 12

7 3 3 0

pI/Dr.

Daniel

Edward

Behmer

;Insert

your

name

here

Ion

%4-2 /

64

/

pI/Suite

611

IOn

the

opposite

PL

lines

p1/5440

Cass

Avenue

;insert

your

return

address

pI/Detroit,

MI

48202

las

in

this

example

Ion

-1

65

3

pI

yt

0 2 0 0

12 12

6 25 25 0

y 1 90

110

0 0 2 1

65

2 1 0 0 25

10

p%3

bU

Y 1 90

110

0 0

%C

1

65

%D

1 0 0 25

10

yt

0 2 0 0

12 12

7

10

0

f'F'Y

:pr

nU3/"

~

lin

nInsert

PAPER

for

letter,

then

(CR) n

%A

y 1 90

110

2 0

%C

1

65

%D

1 0 0 25

10

pa

ff

SORCERER'S

APPRENTICE

Jtme

1

at

July 15,

1982

@

t

:pr

njH3/"

:in

"To

print

a FILE

COPY,

(CR)

,

otherwise

(ESC)

to

END"

%A

pa

ff

t

***

INSTRUCTIONS

***

,

This

Macro was

written

for

Version

5.10

of

,SPELLBINDER.

If

you

are

using

an

older

version,

you

,must

change

the

(y)

and

the

(yt)

reformat

lines

since

,the

older

version

has

different

reformat

sequences.

, The

purpose

of

this

Macro

is

to

increase

the

pro-

,duction

of

correspondence

in

an

office

by

automating

,several

steps

which

are

part

of

an

effective

system:

,the

typing

of

the

name

and

address

on a

file

card

if

,desired,

the

typing

of

the

envelope

with

option

for

,full

return

address

or

one

line

for

pre-printed

envelopes,

,the

typing

of

the

letter

with

whatever

spacing

options

,have

been

chosen,

and

finally

typing

an

additional

copy

,for

the

files

if

desired.

,SPECIAL

DIRECTIONS:

,

You

should

insert

your

own

name

and

address

in

place

,of

mine

in

the

Macro.

If

you

have

only

a

three

line

,address,

replace

my

fourth

line

with

a npL".

,CAUTION:

the

lower

case

PL

(pI)

on

my

printer

makes no

,distinction

between

lower

case

L

and

the

numeral

(1).

,The

command on

those

lines

is

in

fact

PL

in

the

lower

,case.

DO

NOT

type

empty

carriage

returns

for

the

OPTIONS.

,You

must

type

in

the

number

of

the

option

you

desire.

,However,

when a

prompting

line

shows a (CR).

in

that

,case

only

an

empty

carriage

is

given

to

indicate

that

,you

are

ready

for

the

Macro

to

continue.

, I

use

a

NEC

Spinwriter

5510

as

a

printer.

On

the

left

,side

of

the

platen

is

an

impression

lever.

I move

that

,back

one

notch.

This

allows

me

to

safely

insert

either

,a

file

card

or

envelope

ON

TOP

of

my

tractor

fed

paper.

,Naturally,

just

before

doing

that

I

flip

the

paper

tension

,lever

on

the

right

to

ON

in

order

to

hold

the

card

or

,envelope.

Since

I

have

not

actually

disengaged

my

paper,

,it

is

a

simple

matter

to

right

things

again

and

continue

,on

with

the

printing

of

the

letter.

,

This

MACRO

automatically

counts

the

number

of

lines

in

,the

address.

Therefore,

it

MUST

have

a mark

(A)

on

the

,line

following

the

address.

Here

is

a

sample

letter

format:

Mr.

John

Brown

123 Main

Street

Cleveland.

OB

46121

A(

(Note

the

mark

and

the

CR

which

creates

a

spacel)

February

15,

1982

Dear

Mr. Brown:

Thank you

for

your

letter

of

last

week.

I

am

planning

to

visit

your

office

on

Saturday.

Sincerely

yours.

Your

Name

After

you

type

the

Macro

into

SPELLBINDER

using

the

EDIT

mode, you

save

it

on

your

'A'

drive

with

an

appropriate

name

such

as

'A:LET.WPM' •

Please

note

that

the

extension

is

required.

When

you

want

to

use

the

Macro

at

the

beginning

of

a

writing

session,

use

the

COMMAND

'AD'

which

will

ask

you

the

file

name. At

that

point

the

Macro

automatically

initializes.

For

subsequent

use

once

it

is

in

the

buffer,

simply

use

the

COMMAND

'A'

to

initialize

the

Macro.

,

If

you

have

any

questions.

please

feel

free

to

write

;to

me

by

letter.

My

address

is

in

the

Macro.

My

Source

,address

is

TCT534.

Daniel

Edward

Behmer.

IWle

1 & July

15,

1982

SORCERER'S APPRENTICE

FROM

THE

VALLEY

by

Bob

Freeman

I have

just

spent

a wonderful day

going

to

the

different

little

hole-in-

the-wall

stores here

in

the

Santa

Clara

Valley.

Most of them

had

used

equipment of more or

less

the same

quantity

and

quality.

A

few

stood

out.

They had

parts

or

equipment

that

would

delight

the

Sorcerer user who has a low

budget,

plenty

of time

and

some

technical

background.

The

first

is

South

Valley

Electro-

nics,

Santa

Clara

California.

Out-

side of

Challenge

Computers

(the

company

into

which ESI was

absor-

bed)

South

valley

has

the

largest

suppiy

of

logic

boards,

cases,

and

printed

circuit

boards

(PCB)

in

the

USA.

They have

unpopulated

S-100

interface

cards

and

the

S-100

confi-

guration

PROM. These cards are

not

the

S-100

box

PCB,

but

looks

just

like

an

S-100

card.

The Sorcerer

connects

through

the

50

buss

expansion

to

the

top

of

this

card.

The

card

can

occupy

any

slot

in

the

S-100

mother

board.

All the

inter-

facing I do

to

the

5-100

world

is

with

this

card.

A 12

slot

S-100

mother

board

and

power supply

can

be scraped

together

for

under

_125.

The

total

cost

would

be

under

_225.

The

second

place

of

importance

is

Anchor

Electronics,

Santa

Clara

Ca-

lifornia.

They are

the

sole

supplier

to

the

end

user of

California

Compu-

ting

S-100

bare

boards.

The

bare

board

runs

for

under

_50

and

boards

as

Kits

are

under

_200.

I

am

particularly

interested

in

the

soft-sectored

disk

controller

(CCS

24228) which

lets

me use use my

Exidy

software.

It

allows

anyone

who now has a Micropolis Quad

density

hard

sectored system

to

con-

vert

to

the

soft

sectored

and

use

the

same drives they have now.

It

does

require two drive boxes

and

a

program

that

allows

auto

transfer

sector by

sector.

I

can

provide

that

service

at

a

_5

copy fee + disk

cost

(unless

disks are provided).

this

controller's

many

options

make

it

great

I I

can

run

8"

and

5

1/4"

disks

at

the

same

time. Also, if desired,

it

will

auto

boot,

can

be

polled

or

interrupt

driven,

etc.,

etc.

In

the

future,

if

I

go

completely

S

-100,

I

can

run

most

of

my Sorcerer CP/M

programs,

with

little

modification.

I

had

to

change

the

special

74LS-

237

program

PROMs

and

the

Monitor

PROM

to

allow

it

to

work with

the

Sorcerer. I

will

be

glad

to

provide

the

program

listing

for

the

74LS237's

free

or

programed

PROMs

for

both

the

74LS237's

and

2716 for

under

_ 80.

The

best

part

of

this

controller

is

the

cost.

The

Bare

board

comes

with

excellent

documentation

and

costs

_49.95

plus

tax.

The

Kit

comes

with

the

board

and

all

parts

and

sockets

for

_184.

It

took

me

about

4

hours

to

solder

and

test

the

board.

The

total

additional

cost

would

be

under

_300,

the

cost of

one

drive.

Anchor

Electronics

also

has

Bare

Boards

for

32K

static

RAM

(uses

2114's)

priced

at

_44.95, 64K

drna-

mic

RAM

kits

for

_174

(inc

udes

200ns '1116's),

and

10

Kits

with

both

serial

and

parallel

ports

from

_165

to

_185.49

77

RANDOM BXPANSIONS

by Bob

J.

Freeman

The

following

was

precipitated

by

the

last

Random

I/O.column.

SYltem

aashes

can

and

usually

ate

cauled

by 7 .. LS2 .. 1

data

rud

chips

100ing

theit

pull

up

ability.

(see

ramapan.usr)

Word Processor Pac

failures

in

most

Cales

ate

due

to

the

BPROMS

becoming UNprogramed.

The

NBC 1500

and

2500 series

printer

I

will

print

bidirectionally

by

throwing switches. A

user

program

is

neceslaty

to

drive

the

bidirectional

feature

of

the

printer.

The

Eddy

PPRINT

program

will

drive

the

Word

Processor

Pac.

The

disadvantage

is

that

the

switch needs

to

be

thrown

back

to

use

the Sorcerer's

internal

printer

driver

for

patallel

printers.

Note

the

NEC

printers

tend

to

hang

up

when

firu

turned

on

or

when the Sorcerer

is

first

powered up.

This

can

be

overcome

by

adding a

2.2k

resistor

from

IC8H-20

to

IC8H-

3

(Sorcerer

I)

or

IC9H-20

to

IC9H-

3 (Sorcerer

II).

The

EXIDY disk

controller

cannot

read/write

hud

sectored disks.

It

is

designed

atound

the

Western

Digital

controller

chip 1793. The 01 series

of

the

WDC chip

hal

Jjrogramin

g

problems.

If

your

contr

ler

hangs

up

atart

by

replacing

the

1793

with

the

B02 series chip.

The

Sorcerer

CAN

be

run

at

.. mhz.

It

requires

the

following

timing

modifk

ationsl

1)

RAM

cycle time (may require

replacing

RAMs)

2)

RAM

RAS

to

CAS

hold

time.

3)

Double

the CPU

to

4.213MHZ

.. ) Use Z80A

chip.

5)

Replace

various

chips

that

may

not

meet

theit

specs.

6) Replace

the

BRUCE

PROM

if a

MMI

chip.

7)

If

uling

disk rewrite

the

disk

10

to

allow

double

the

wait

time

for

head

home command.

The

Hacker's

Manual

is

a

compila-

tion

of Tech

notes,

engineering

notes,

and

des_ign

chanBes I have made

to

my machines

and

I believe

will

work

With

others.

The

Manual

includes

the

switching power

supply

for

the

Sorcerer

II,

56K

dynamk

RAM,

using

the

new 64K

~"

·Real time clock,

and

programable

interrupt

controller,

and

many

more

things.

The

manual

ia _15

with

updates

at

least

once a

year

for

one

year.

I have a Sorcerer

II

working

at

4

mhz

with

lOft

and

hard

sectored

controllers.

I

don't

suggeat

this

change

be

done

by

anyone

who

cannot

manufacture

the

complete

timing

diagram

for

the Sorcerer. I

don't

guarantee

that

everyone

can

get

theit

Sorcerer

to

work Without a

lot

of

effort.

(See Hacker's

Manual

for

hardware

changes).

Keyboard

bounce

is

caused by

not

enough

tenlion

on

the

leaf

spring

in

the

key.

This

can

be

increased

by

bending

the

leaves towards each

other

with

care

not

to

crease

the

spring.

(See

Hacker'.

manual

for

suggested

method).

78

The

56K

RAM

change

should

only

be

done

by a

competent

technician.

It

requires a

lot

of

Oltting

and

jumpering

and

has

only

been tested

on

the Sorcerer

II.

If

there

is

anyone

wil1in~

to

offer their Sorcerer I machine for a

4-

6

month

period, I

will

do

the

modification

and

supply

the

parts

free. (Labor

is

_120

and

patts

ate

about

_90 as of

June

82).

The

switching power supply is

capable

of 5 amps

at

5

volts

with

an

operating

temperature

of 37 degrees Celsius, warm

to

the

touch.

There

ate

no

HOT

components.

The

power supply

can

be purchased 3 ways:

1)

Bate

board

with

schematic

(no

technkal

support)

-_35.

2)

Board

(not

an

old

power supply

board),

Patts,

schematics

and

technkal

support

(your

phone

calls)

-_100.

3)

Completed

board

with

watranty

-_195.

Is

there

a way of

using

more

than

56K (57344 bytes decimal) of

RAM

with

the

Sorcerer?

If

so,

how may

this

be accomplished?

The

Sorcerer

has

two

separate

RAM

blocks:

1)

program,

2)

display.

The

program

portion

can

be a maximum of 32K (33088 bytes decimal)

for

the Sorcerer

I

and

48K (49152 bytes decimal) for the Sorcerer

II

of

RAM

addressing. Both

Sorcerer I

and

II

have 3K

(3072

bytes decimal) of

RAM

addressing

for

the

display

portion

of RAM.

For

those

of

you

without

the

Sorcerer

Softwate

manual,

the

program

RAM

is free

for

any

non-ROM

Pac

program from address

OH

(0

decimal)

to

within

144 bytes

of

the

top

of RAM.

The

last

approximately

80H

(l44-decimal)

bytes

ate

used by

the

Monitor.

ROM

Pac

programs

use

the

lower memory

OH

to

1FFH

(0

to

512-

decimal) for

theit

work

atea

also.

The

disk

operating

program

uses

about

8k

(8129-decimal)

bytes of program

memory

at

the

top.

Exidy CP/M

(r)

and

Micropolis

MOOS

(r)

also

use the

Program memory from

OH

to

100H (0

to

256-decimal).

MOOS Operates from

OH

to

about 3200H

(0

to

36800

-decimal).

These

atea

not

avail able

to

the

user.

So

how does

one

get more memory? Well

IIII

For the Serious User

there

ate

two

alternatives.

This

first

is

using

magnetic

storage

the other is

to

increase

RAM.

Both

require modifying

present

softwate.

And

you

thought

there

was a

simple answer

...

fooled

youl

Testing

dynamic

RAM

can

be

long.

Here

are

some

hints

to

help you

gain

confidence.

On

Power

up

do a

"DU"

of

program

RAM.

For

example:

>DU

0 FF

<cr>

Addr

0000:

0010

:

0020

:

0030:

0040

:

0050:

0060

:

0070:

0080

:

0090:

OOAOI

OOBO:

OOCO:

OODO

:

OOEO:

OOFO:

o 1

00 FF

00

FF

00 FF

00

FF

00 FF

00

FF

00 FF

00

FF

00 FF

00

FF

00 FF

00

FF

00

FF

00

FF

2 3

00 FF

00

FF

00 FF

00

FF

00 FF

00

FF

00 FF

00

FF

00

FF

00 FF

00

FF

00 FF

4 5

00 FF

00

FF

00 FF

6 7

00 FF

00

FF

00 FF

00

FF

00 FF

00

FF

00

FF

00 FF

00

FF

00 FF

8 9

ABC

D E F

00 FF 00 FF 00 FF 00 FF

00

FF

00

FF

00 FF

00

FF

00 FF 00 FF 00 FF 00 FF

00

FF

00

FF

00

FF

00

FF

00

FF

00 FF 00 FF 00 FF

00

FF

00

FF 00 FF

00

FF

00 FF 00 FF 00 FF 00 FF

00 FF 00

FF

00

FF

00

FF

00 FF 00 FF

00

FF 00 FF

00 FF

00

FF

00

FF

00

FF

00 FF 00 FF 00 FF 00 FF

00 FF 00 FF 00 FF

00

FF

00 FF 00 FF 00 FF 00 FF

00 FF 00 FF 00 FF

00

FF

00 FF 00 FF 00 FF 00 FF

00 FF 00 FF

00

FF 00 FF

This

is

the

dump

you

would see

if

you

had

Mostek 4116

RAM

chips.

The

key is

that

there

is

a

pattern

to

all

Dynamic RAM. Even

though

you may

not

see

this

ex

act

pattern,

tliere

should

be a

pattern.

For

ex

ample, a

pattern

like:

0000:

00

7F

00

OF

00

BE

02

FF 80

F8

OB

7C

00 7F 00 7F

could

indkate:

a)

A

bad

74LS241

data

buffer.

(IC

BC

or

IC

4D)

b)

Low power supply

voltages.

c) Possmly

bad

RAM

chip.

Testing

of

the

access speed, which

is

more

realistk

than

access time

can

be

done

by

using

the

TE

test.

The

TE

test

uses

many

calls

whkh

require

stack

PUSHes

and

POPs.

The

PUSH

and

POP

ate

the

fas.test

instruction

in

the

Z80

set.

Statt

by

letting

the

stack

in

the 16K

RAM

block

to

be

tested

for

speed, then

test

a 256

byte

block

of

RAM

in

the

same 16K

boundaty.

EXAMPLE:

ENO

>0000:

21

LL

HH

C3

06

EO/<cr>

>GO

0

The

LL

stands

for

lower 8

bits

of address

and

the

HH

stands

for

the

Higher 8

bits

of addr

esse

If

you

have

any

questions,

send

them

to

me via SOURCE

at

TC0284

or by

mail

at

P.O.

Box 70310,

Sunnyvale,

CA

94086.8

SORCERER'S

APPRENTICE

June

1 & July

15,

1982

C[

@

m

-

mentzer

I C

electronics

590 South Hill Boulevard. Daly City. California 94014

(415) 584-3402

***********************************

Exidy

1.1

Monitor

ROMS

2

only

S-100

10

cards,

populated

and

tested

1

only

used

Exidy

S-100

box

(Plus

Shipping)

CP/M

2.2

For

the

Exidy

with

Micropolis

hard

sector

drives

only.

(CP/M

is

a

trade-mark

of

Digital

Research)

CP/M

catalog

program,

good

for

cataloguing

your

CP/M

disks

dBASE

II

Relational

Database

Management

Program

SPELLBINDER

Word

Processor

Now

also

for

the

Exidy

77

track

soft

sectored

drives.

SPELLCHECK

Dictionary

program

to

work

with

SPELLBINDER

Some

Exidy

programs

on

tape.

call

for

listing.

We

have

Godbout

Electronics,

and

Morrow

Designs

hardware.

Check

with

us

for

all

your

hardware

needs.

**********************

MASTER

CARD

and

VISA

on

orders

of

$50.00

or

more.

Shipping

will

be

added

to

all

orders.

California

Sales

Tax

added

for

CA

residents

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

TERCENTENNIAL

TECHNICAL

Video

and

Data

Communications

Technical Services

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

For

quality

Service

on

the

following equipment:

Exidy Sorcerer Computers -Expansion Interface &

Box

Radio Shack

•••

all

models -Zenith/Heath -Atari

Leedex, Sanyo, Electrohome.

•••••••

and

other brand monitors

Micropolis, Vista, Shugart, Percom,

MPI

•••

and other drives

Modems,

Dot Matrix Printers.

••••••••••••••••••

most

brands

Memory

upgradES and

new

Monitor 1.1

PROM's

available.

ServicES

available

on

most home

entertainment

electronics:

Solid

State

Television, foreign and

domEStic

brands.

Video Recorders---Video

Cameras--

-Video Monitors

Stereo Receivers---Audio Recorders---Rooord Changers

Video

Switchers---Time/Date

Generators---Video

Disc Systems

Video

GamES:

Atari and others.

$

45.00

$225.00

$350.00

$190.00

$

75.00

$595.00

$395.00

$295.00

For above

ServicES

(Tech. lic. #8228),

or

consultation,

call

or write:

Jack MacGrath

TERCENTENNIAL

TECHNICAL

P.O. Box 5

70

Tercentennial Drive

Billerica

MA

01821

Phone,

after

6:00

pm

EDT, (617)667-8272

(This

is

now

a

part

time businESs,

but

with YOUR help, I

hope

to

soon make

it

FULL time

and

render faster servICe!)

SORCERER'S

APPRENTICE

79

THB

OPPICB

SORCBRBR

by

Roger

Hagan

Application

Note:

Transferring

Program

Output

From

BASIC Programs

to

Word Processor

Since

I

am

particuiady

interested

in

relating

the Sorcerer's Word

Proceslor Pac

to

business uses, I

sell

a disk

full

of

utilities

and

techniques

called

"The

Word Processor Augmen-

ted",

whkh

il

an

conltant

evolution.

(Ownerl

can

eJ:change

old

editions

for new ones

free.)

A recent addition

to

that

disk is the following

technique for

capturing

thr

output

of

a

lrogram

in

BzBuic

u a screen,

an

placing

that

SCreen

into

the

Word Proceslor for incorpor

ation

into

a

teu,

II

well

u

further

dressing,

1 abell.!

etc.

The

system requires disk

capabilities

u shown here.

It

is

useful

when a

Buic

program draws a

complicated

SCreen

full

of

data,

such

al

my Spreadsheet program does, or a

graph,

al

ita

Viz-a-plot

module does.

The

technique

should

be applicable

to

anf

program, even ones

not

in

Buic,

10

long

u a method

of

triggering the

disk lave

without

affecting

the

screen

can

be

found,

and

the screen image is

made

of

Aleii symbols which the Word

Proceslor

will

accept.

Spellbinder

should

work u

well

u the Word

Proceslor Pac u the receiving system.

The

Buk:-to-WP

Truder

The

Bddy

Word Proceslor Pac is of

great

value

II

a

SCreen

editor,

and

is

the

euiest

way

to

dreas up 'program

:zut

to

be

printed.

ThlS

note

esla

one

method

to

interface

disk

Buk

program

output

with

the Word

Procalor

P

&Co

It

would apply u

well

to

a

disk-bued

word processor

like

Spellbinder.

It

will

also Ihow

bow

to

enter

a forbidden autocom-

mand

to

the

Word Processor

in

order

to

replace

non-Aleii

characters. (See

The Graphic

Fix

below.)

One

advantase

of a memory mapped

video

Ifatem

is

that

the screen

con-

tenta

at

any

momcot may be

treated

u

data

and

laved.

Thil

can

then

be

loaded

u a Word

Procalor

file

to

integtate

with other

tat.

This

is the

!lPproach I

take

with

SPRBADSHEET

in

Bzbuic.

There is now a "z"

command

to

lave

the

SCreen.

The

trick is

to

give

the

command

to

save

or

more

the

.creco

data

without

diatuming

the screen,

and

to

postpone

naming

the

file

until

after

the save

for the

lame

reuon.

In

gcoeral,

two

approacha

to

the

transfer

of screen

data

could

be

taken.

One

il

to

work with the Word

Proccalor Pac

in

place

and

move

the

Kreen

to

ita

work area,

then

load

the

WP

diak driver

program

which

loads

an·

initialized

work

atea

to

RAM

without

closing off

the

memory

file.

This

approach

amuhes

the

fiilt

16

r

aga

of

the

previoul program or

anguage

whkh

produced the

SCreen

image,

10

a

repair

version of the

prog_ram

(or

language)

must be

available

on

diak

to

reload

these

16

bottCID pages of the TPA

and

ezccute

a warm

start.

In

Bzbuic

a warm

.tart

is

Go

100 anyway, so

no

changes would have

to

be

made before

saving

16

pages of

Ezbuic

as, say,

EXBASA.COM.

This

method is

illus-

trated

at

the

end.

(See Direct Use).

80

Another approach would be

to

move

the

screen

RAM

into

the

TPA

and

save

it

under

CP/M. This means

the

Pac need

not

be

installed

while working with the

Basic

progum.

This

method is

illustrated

first.

It

is

not

necessary

to

cdt

Buic

to

save the screen. Since

we

may save

strings

of up

to

255 characters

with

Basic disk

I/O

routines,

we

need

only

fool Basic

into

thinking

that

the

screen area

of

RAM

is 8 consecutive

strings,

7 of 256 and 1 of

128

characters.

The

following code\ used

in

the

latest

verSlon of

my

SPREAD-

SHEET

program,

achieves

this.

The

ine

numbers

relate

only

to

that

program.

A.

The

main

program

initialization

must

include this:

912 EF=aH1A:FOR

I=OT07:SC_

(I)="":NEXT

This takes care

of

an

end-of-file

mark

on

the

tape

and

declaring

the

big

strings

so

that

VARPTR

can

find

them.

B.

At

the

time

of

the

call,

the

screen address values

must

be poked

into

the

variable

pointers

for size

and

location

of the SC_

strings,

and

then

the

strings

sent

to

disk. A temporary name is given

the

file

automatically

and changed after

the

file

is saved,

10

as

not

to

disturb

the

saeen,

since the

strings

are

sent

to

the

disk buffer

direcdy

from the screen

RAM.

700

FCR

1=0

10

6:V=VARP'IR(~(I»:PCKE

V,&HF'F:PCKE

V+l,&:H80:

PCKE

V+2,aHFO+I:NEXI':PCKE

V+3

,arH7F:

PCKE

V+4

,&:H80:P'CKE

V+5

,aHF7:

REM

NJN

~(0-7)

POINI'S

10

SClUlBII

RAM

IN

8 SI'RINiS

720

(PEN

''0''

,#1,

"SCREEN.WPF"

730

FCR

1=010

7:PRINI'

#l,~(I);:NElCI':PRINI'

#l,EF

740 ClCSE

#1

750 PRINI':lflPur

"NlIl1e

for

this

file";NA_

760

NA_=NA_+"

.WPF"

770

NIME

"SCREEN.WPF"

AS

NA_

780 PRINI':IflPur

"NCJW";I~:OOIO

114:RIlM

To

the

menu

choice

processor

C.

At

the end of the screen

display,

the

program is altered

to

provide for

one-

key

input

to

make a command choice. (ThlS is

not

essential

if

the cursor ends

up

somewhere other

than

at the bottom

of

the screen where a scroll could

lose

a

line

from screen

RAM,

since

it

will

be easy

to

remove the command from the screen

image once

it

is

ln

Word Processor.)

30790

amSCR

50

27

: PRINT

"Menu":

IN_=INPur_(I):OOIO

114:

REM

114

is

the

menu

choice

processor.

A

SAMPLE

SCREEN

WITH

GRAPHIC

FIX

lOI

DEC

JAN FEB

MAR

APR MAY JUoI

JUL

AUi

SBP ocr

4000

3839

3678

3517

3195

3034

2873

2712

2551

2390

2229

2068

1907

1746

.1585

1424

1263

1102

941

780

619

458

297

136

-25

•••••••••••••••••••••

4

___

4

___

4

___

4

___

4

___

4

___

4

•••••

/

4_4-1

............

/

......................................

.

4/

/

·

.......

1

.........................................

.

· . . . . .

..

.

........................................

.

· . . . . .

..

.

........................................

.

_9_9_9_9_9_9_9_9_9_9_9

•• 9_1_4/

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Menu

1Wo

ezpense

factors:

4=rent

9=salaries.

(Clearly

it

would be easy

to

Bet rid of the

unwanted

"Menu" prompt above,

and

to

add

label.

and

a frame

if

desired.)

D.

THE

GRAPHIC

FIX

In

the

above eJ:ample,

the

SPRBADSHBET graphing module uses a Sorcerer

graphic character for the vertical

line

to

line

up

well

with the slashes. This must

be replaced by a vertical

line

from the

standard

Ascii set

to

be

handled

by a

printer

and

by the Word Processor. This

has

been done above.

When

this

chart

first

comes

on

screen, therefore,

an

unacceptable reverse video

square-O graphic is seen

in

place of the vertical

lines.

This must be removed with

a

search-and-replace.

But the graphic character

cannot

be entered

on

a command

line

--

no

reverse video

character

can

be,

including

underlined

lettersl

So the

command

line

must

be

entered from

the

Monitor,

and

the command

initiated

by a

Monitor

GO command,

as

shown

nezt.

SORCERER'S

APPRENTICE

June

1 & July 15,

1982

)

I n

This

Ascii

line,

n 100 S Iii

/I

(a)

.. ,

iI

represents

the

graphic

char

acter

to

be

replaced,

whose code

is

80H.

(The

code

for

underlined

space is 100H, 80

plus

20,

the

s,?ace

with

high

bit

set.)

Enter

the

l1ne

at

600H, WP's

command

line

buffer.

>EN 600

600:

31

30 30

53

2F

80

2F

7C

2F

mJl

XX>

CEE5

The

file

will

return

to

the

screen

with

~e

char acter

repl

aced.

Direct

UIC

The

lines

of

Basic above were

broulJht

in

from

the

program

by

loading

the

program

in

Exbasic

with

WP

Pac

in

place,

listing

the

desired

lines,

going

BYE

into

the

Monitor

and

commanding:

>MO

F080

F7FF

80F

>EN F8F

F8F:

031

>GO 0

A>DISKDRIV

This

brought

the

lines

to

the

editing

screen. They needed some

cleaning

up.

Very

often,

removing a

leading

space

at

the

top

drops

many

lines

into

alignment.

When they

were

clean,

the

rest

of

the

program

was

loaded

to

join

them

in

the

work

space

and

things

were

bloc-moved

into

place

and

resaved.

This

concludes

the

.DOC

file

on

the

Basic-to-WP

Transfer.

sue I

will

show how

to

merlJe

the

screens

to

create

long

-line

pnntouts

of

all

the

columns

in

a

broad

spreadsheet.

In

selling

word processing systems

to

writers,

I

find

them especially

interested

in

a method of

counting

the number

of

words

in

their

mmu~~~

~~

are

p~

~

word,

or

write

to

a specified

lenlJth

in

words.

It

happens

that

the

eas1est

utility

I've seen

to

do

it

is

literally

given away

as

an

extra

when

fou

purchase

Staley's

"SPELL"

spell1ng

checker

program.

It

is

a

separate

program

called

"FOG",

the

purpose of

which

is

to

show

both

word

count

and

what

proportion

is

"big

words".

With a

text

in

RAM.

one

exits

to

CPIM

and

types FOG.

and

in

a

second or two

1S

given

his

word

count

and

rel

ated

information.

The

Spell

program

itself

will

be

compared

to

SPELLCHECK

(Lexisoft's

SPELLGUARD)

in

my

but

I

can

point

to

one

respect

in

which

it

is

unique

-

it

can

check a

Word Processor

text

in

RAM

as

well

as

one

on

disk.

so

short

letters

need

not

be

saved

first

to

be

checked.

However,

it

does require a

disk

system,

since

the

dictionary

files are

called

in

from disk with a series of disk

accesses. I

like

these two

progr

ams

enough

that

I

am

planning

to

market

a version of

the

"WP

Augmented" disk

that

includes

them. As you

will

see

nex t

issue,

there are

utilities

in

Spellcba:k

not

offered

in

Spell,

but

the

cost

is a

lot

higher

too

••

June

1 &

July

15,1982

==============================================================

THE

HAGAN

SPREADSHEET

Copyright c 1981 by Roger

Hagan

Associates.

1919 Belmont

Pl.

E.,

Seattle.

WA

98192

USA

(continued

from page

67

of

issue

4.3)

***

_____________

nLn

Move

left

one

(or

1/2)

4

col

sector

***

19599

IF

FG=l

THEN

11790

19593 SC=SC-4:IF SC<l

THEN

SC=l

10519

GOTO

10275

***

______________

nDn

Move

down

a

20

or

10

row

sector

---------

***

11099 IF

FG=l

THEN

11899

11993

SR=SR+SZ-1

11910

IF

SR+SZ-1>ROWS

THEN

SR=ROWS-SZ+1

11015

R=SR:CH=2+J-1

11929

GOSUB

10990

11039

GOTO

19215

***

_______________

nU

n

Move

up a

20

or

10

row

sector

---------

***

11500 IF

FG=l

THEN

11909

11593

SR=SR-SZ

11510 IF SR<l

THEN

SR=l

11520

GOTO

11915

11600 SC=SC+2:IF

SC+3>COLS

THEN

SC=COLS-3

11610

GOTO

19275

***

---------------

These

take

over

if

nXn

expand

mode

set

---

***

11709 SC=SC-2:IF SC<l

THEN

SC=l

11710

GOTO

10275

11890

SR=SR+INT(SZ/2):GOTO

11919

11999 SR=SR-INT(SZ/2):IF

SR<l

THEN

SR=l

11910

GOTO

11015

***

_______________

nTn

Tape

routine

called

for

---------------

12090

OUT

1,28

12991

FOR

1=1

TO

15:PRINT

CHR$(10):NEXT

12993

OUT

1,16

12095

PRINT:INPUT

nSave

or

Loadn;Q$

12097

IF

LEFT$(Q$,l)=nLn

THEN

12599

***

---------------

Tape

save

of

sheet

***

---

We

will

set

up a Monitor

save

of

the

entire

array

area

***

Basic

has

created

for

the

numeric

arrays.

***

12098

PRINT:PRINT:INPUT

nA

five-letter

name

for

this

sheetn;SN$

12019

PRINT:PRINTnTo

save

the

sheet

data

on

tape,

start

the

n;

12013

PRINT

nrecorder

and

~ress"

12020

INPUT

"RETURN,

or

'H

to

return

to

menu

instead.n;IN$

12939 IF

IN$="H"

THEN

120

12049

PRINT:PRINT"SAVING

DATA

••••

":

12950

VA(1)=ROWS:VA(2)=COLS:VA(3)=EX:VA(4)=SEC:VA(5)=REL

12955

DATA

83,65,32:

REM

"SA"

12957

DATA

76,79,32,49,32:

REM

"LO

1 n

12969

FOR

1=1

TO

REL:FORN=lT05:IF FUNC$(I,N)=""THEN12979

12965 FUNC(I,N)=ASC(FUNC$(I,N)):REM Convert

function

symbols

12070

REM

to

a numeric

array

12975

12989

RESTORE

12955

12090

FORI=0T02:READ

A:POKE(BU+I),A:NEXT:REMnSA

"IN

CMD

LINE

12190

FOR

I=3T07:POKE

BU+I,ASC(MID$(SN$,I-2,1)):NEXT

12110

POKE

BU+8,32:POKEBU+13,32:POKE

BU+18,13

***

12129

REM

Now

SA

NAMEX

& 3

spes

are

in

cmd

line;

now

addresses

***

12130 POKE269,198:POKE261,99:DU=USR(0):REM

"ASCHEX

PUT

INn

***

---The

subroutine

at

108

(6CHex)

makes use

of

a Monitor

***

subroutine

at

EIE8H

to

convert

the

addresses

for

start

***

and end

of

array

area

into

the

four

bytes

Ascii

form

as

***

needed by

the

Monitor

command

line.

Then

the

Monitor's

***

SAve

command

processor

is

called

in

the

line

below.

***

12150 POKE260,56:POKE261,230:DU=USR(0):REM

"SAn

COMO

PRCSR

***

---------------

Call

StringSaveOn

after

spacing

tape

-----

***

for

***

---Note:

The

delays

are

to

allow

ample time

for

Basic'S

string

space

cleanup

operations

auring

loading.

in

case

string

space

is

nearly

full.

They

may

not

be

adequate

***

the

worst

possible

case.

(continued

on page 82)

SORCERER'S APPRENTICE

81

====

(SPREADSHEET

continued

from page

81)

12234

FOR

U=l

TO

201H'l:NEXT

12235

PRINT:PRINT"Column

and

row

names

•••

"

12240

POKE

260,186:POKE 261,0:DU=USR(0)

:REM

CMOTON

12244

POKE

260,65:POKE

261,0:DU=USR(0):REM

STRSVON

12247

FOR

U=l

TO

500:NEXT

12248

FOR

U=l

TO

100:NEXT

12250

PRINTnn:FOR

I?l

TO

COLS:IF

1=1

THEN

FOR

U=l

TO

200:NEXT

U

12255

FOR

U=l

TO

200:NEXT

12260

PRINT

CN$(I)

12275

12277

FOR

U=l

TO

400:NEXT

12280

FOR

1=1

TO

ROWS:PRINT

RN$(I)

12290

FOR

U=l

TO

200:NEXT

U

12310

12312

FOR

U=l

TO

200:NEXT

12318

FOR

1=1

TO

REL:FOR

N=l

TO

5:PRINT CO$(I,N)

12319

FOR

U=l

TO

50:NEXT

U

12320

12325

FOR

U=l

TO

50:NEXT

12335

12340

POKE

260,39:POKE 261,

224:DU=USR(0)

:REM

CMOTOFF

12345

POKE

260,75:POKE 261,00:DU=USR(0):

REM

STRSVOFF

12350 PRINT:PRINT"Tape

save

is

finished.

Menu

is

listening."

12360

INPUT

IN$

12370

GOTO

114

***

---------------

Tape

load

of

sheet

-----------------------

***

12500

PRINT:PRINT"To

load

data

from

tape.

press

RETURN

and

";

12503

PRINT

"start

tape,

or

press"

12510

PRINTnH

to

return

to

the

menu. ":INPUT

IN$

12520

IF

IN$="H

n

THEN

120

12525

IN$=Wft

12530 PRINT:PRINT"Loading

data

arrays

•••

"

12540

RESTORE

12057:

REM

Aim

data

pointer

at

nLO

1 "

12550

FORI=0T04:READA:POKE(BU+I),A:NEXT

12555

POKE

BU+9,13

12560

POKE260,151:POKE261,00:DU=USR(0):REM

PUT

LO

ADDR

IN

PLACE,

12580 POKE260,138:POKE261,231:DU=USR(0):REM

CALL

LO

CMD

PRCSR

12655 PRINT:PRINT"Placing

variables,

translating

functions

•••

n

***

--------Get

the

sheet

parameters

from

the

VAriables

array

***

12656

ROWS=VA(1):COLS=VA(2):EX=VA(3)

:SEC=VA(4):REL=VA(5)

12657 FORI=lTOREL:FORN=lT05:FUNC$(I,N)=CHR$(FUNC(I,N»:NEXT N

12658

12659 PRINT:PRINT"Loading column and row names

•••

n

12660

POKE

260,186:POKE

261,0:DU=USR(0):REM

CMOTON

***

Above

in

both

routines

to

hold

baud

at

1200

for

Mon

1.0

12662

POKE

260,85:POKE 261,00:DU=USR(0):

REM

STRLDON

12665

INPUT

DM$

12680

FOR

1=1

TO

COLS

12690

INPUT

CN$(I)

12695

PRINT

"Col

ol

I "Of"

COLS

12705

PRINT

CN$(I)

12710

FOR

1=1

rro

ROWS

12755

INPUT

RN$

(I)

12760

PRINT"RoW,}

I

"of"

ROWS

12764

PRINT

RN$

(I)

12773

FOR

1=1

rro

REL:FOR

N=l

TO

5:INPUT CO$(I,N)

12780 PRINT"Constant

name

for

re1ation"I"stage

nN"of"REL"re1ations"

12782

PRINT

OO$(I,N)

12783

I

12784

POKE

260,39:POKE 261,

224:DU=USR(0)

:REM

CMOTOFF

12785

POKE

260,95:POKE 261,00:DU=USR(0):

REM

STRLDOFF

***

----

Trim

leading

1inefeed

off

the

strings

---------------

***

12788 FORI=lrroOOLS:CN$(I)=RIGHT$(CN$(I),LEN(CN$(I»-l):NEXT

12791 FORI=lTOROWS:RN$(I)=RIGHT$(RN$(I),LEN(RN$(I»-l):NEXT

12793

FORI=1rroREL:FORN=1T05

:IFLEN

(CO$

(I

,N»

=0THENl2795

1279400$(I,N)=RIGHT$(OO$(I,N),LEN(CO$(I,N»-1)

12795

12797

12800 PRINT:INPUT"Loading

completed.

Type

'M'

to

proceed.";IN$

12810

GOTO

114

***

---------------"P"

Turn

Printer

on

or

off

----------------

***

---

The poke

addresses

belOW

are

specific

to

a

48K

***

Sorcerer:

-16434,-16432,-16431.

For

32K

size

they

***

must

be,

in

the

order

below, 32718, 32720, 32721.

***

(7FCE,

7F00, 7F01)

***

12950

IF

p=0

THEN

p=1:GOTO

13000

(continued

on page

83)

82 SORCERER'S APPRENTICE

SWORD -Reviewed

by

Richard

Stone

would

like

to

tell

you

about

a

very

interesting

cassette-

based

Word

Processor

program

for

the

Sorcerer.

rece~tly

purchased

an

Epson

MX80

pnnter

for use

with

my

computer. After hooking

it

up

and

writing

some drivers for

it,

of

course

my

attention

shifted

to

word

proces-

sing.

Since for me

it

had

been a

disk system

OR

a

printer,

I

couldn't

use

any

of

the

wonderful

sounding

disk-based

programs

like

Spellbinder.

So,

after

some

looking

around,

I

found

I

had

these

options:

write

a

system for

myself;

get S

WORD

from

NortbAmerican

Software

(about.

~30);

get

VISI-WORD

from

Quality

Soft-

ware

(approx.

~60);

or

get

the

Word

Processing Pac

(~180?).

Being some-

what

lazy,

frugal

and

interested

in

seeinll

state

of

the

competition

(for

if

I

wrtte

my

own),

I decided

to

try

S WORD.

I'm

glact I did.

I

sent

in

my

check

and

waited.

In

their

ad,

they promised delivery

within

ten

days.

In

my

case,

it

took

a

little

bit

longer.

They were

so

apologetic

about

the

delay

that

they

gave me a free

surprise.

In

truth,

they were having

duplication

hardware

problems

which caused the

delay,

but

their

behavior showed they

really

care

for

their customers. When

it

did

arrive,

the

very

professional

packaging

job

was immediately evident. Many

companies have

not

yet

learned

that

the

packaging

is very

important

to

aid customer

confidence.

(If

the

packaging

is

amateurish,

what

about

the

contents?)

The

documen

tation

is

perhaps

the

best

I've seen

in

microcomputer

products.

There

is

an

introduction

section

which

tells

how

to

load

and

start

the

program,

then

there

are

good

(clear

and

understandable)

descriptions

of

how

to

use

the

various

functIons.

In

the

end, you

are

led

through

a I?,ractice session

on

a

sample

text

file,

also

included

on

the

cassette.

There

are

also

instructions

on

how

to

reconfigure

SWORD for a

custom system. As

an

ex ample of

what

SWORD

can

do,

the

whole

instruction

manual

was

written

with

SWORD, as was this

article.

The

program

can

input

or

edit

text,

save

or

load

tex t files

to/from

t ape,

print

the tex

t

on

the

printer

or

on

the

screen

(formatted

for

caW.

of

those),

or

change

the

output

environ-

ment

(more

on

this

later).

All

commands are

single

keystroke

res-

ponses'

usually

to

a

m~nu.

You

may

almost

forget

where

the

Return

key 18

located.

In

the

insert/edit

mode, you

type

continuously,

with

the

text

wrapping

around

to

the

nex t

line.

Graphic

characters

are used

to

tell

the

output

processor

when

to

indent

(left

or

both),

start

new

lines,

paragraphs,

pages,

Justify

right

and/or

left,

change

the

spacing,

center

or

right

adjust

lines.

Control

characters

tell

when

to

insert

or

delete

characters,

move

blocks

of

text,

or

move ahead or

back

in

the

file,

or move

the

cursor

(with

the

arrows).

The

commands are

consistent

(control

C or E does

the

same

thing

in

any

mode, which is

important

to

know).

There

is

an

interesting

feature

June

1 & July

15,

1982

cc

)

called

the

environment.

This

has

separate

lists

of

output

parameters

for

the

video or

printer

outputs.

You

can

specify

the

widths of

the

margins

and

lines,

the

lengths

of

pages,

the

choice

of

page numbering or a special

page

header.

You

can

program

keys

to

have special ASCII codes, for easy

printer

control,

etc.

You

can

even

specify

the

driver address of

that

output

function.

All of

the

environ-

ment

p'arameters are saved

with

rour

text

files

on

tape,

so you

can

rec

aim

any

special features 1

ater.

SWORD comes

configured

for

the

Centronics

output

routine.

However,

there

is

space reserved

inside

SWORD

for

a custom driver. This allows

any

printer

to

be

used

with

this

program.

So, I

put

my

MX80

driver

in

this

space

and

changed

the

driver address

parameters,

and

saved

my

new

customized S

WORD

on

tape.

(There

are

instructions

for

all

of this

in

the

manual

I )

Now

LOGing

one

file

gets

me a

personalized

word processor.

S

WORD

can

be saved

on

disk

(starts

at

0100),

and

can

run

in

an

8K

machine.

I

am

impressed

and

happy with

this

product.

It

seems

to

have very

few

flaws.

I have found

only

one

bug

(if

you

forget

to

tell

it

where

to

move a

text

block

to,

it

will

loop

forever),

and

only

one

inconvenience

(there

should

be a

string

search

and

replace

command).

In

the

inser/edit

mode,

the

tex t

on

the

screen

is

very

dense, making

it

easy

to

get

lost.

I

thought

that

would

be

a

limiting

flaw,

yet

I

find

myself

writing

longer

and

longer

documents.

In

summary, I

think

SWORD is

an

excellent

product.

It

does a

lot

very

well,

with

few

problems,

and

at

a

low

price

too.

I recommend

it

to

anyone.

My

compliments

to

author

R.L.

Henne,

and

distributor

N orthAmerican

Software.O

PRINT

'BM

WID

E

It

is

possible

to

print

wider

than

the

63

character

width

allowed

with

the

Basic

ROM

Pac.

To

do

this,

simply

POKE

(322,xx)

where

xx

is

the

line

length.

The same

can

be achieved

in

MBasic by

POKE(l929,xx).0

TAPE

OPERATION

INDICATOR

LIGHT

by

David Cooke

Here

is

a

helpful

hint

that

I've

used

with

a

lot

of success

in

loading

and

saving

tapes.

Get a

small

5V

LED

from Radio

Shack

(about

_2

for

3)

and

wire

it

in

parallel

with

the

one

you

can

see

through

the

grill

in

back.

Next,

drill

a

small

hole

and

install

the

LED

just

behind

the

ESC key

in

the

dark

brown

overl ay.

This

will

give you

an

excelle~t

indicator

of

tape

operation

that

is

m ore

convenient

than

peering

through

the

grill.

After

watching

it

a

while,

you'll

be surprised how easy

it

is

to

tell

how

arrays

are

loading,

when

its

found

the

header, etc. Also,

the

FI

(FILE)

command

in

the

Monitor

does

the

same CRC check when

reading

a

file

as

when

it

is

loaded.

It

is

easy

to

verify a good CSAVE

without

dumping

your

program.O

June

1 &

July

15,

1982

(SPREADSHEET

continued

from page 82)

12969

IF

P=l

THEN

P=9:GOTO

13959

13999 IF LEFT$(Q$,l)=IY"THEN

FX=l

13995

OUT

9,28:INPUT

nIndent

19 from

present

marginn;Q$

13997

IF

FX=lTHEN

OUT9,28:PRINTTI$SPC(69-LEN(TI$»;:FX=9

13919

POKE

-16434,9:

REM

Baud 399

(BFCE)

13929

POKE

-16432,39:

REM

SE

0=39,

addr

of

SRLDVR.

For Cen,

13939

POKE

-16431,9:

REM

put

CENDRV

P9ffi

in

DATA

lines

949-5

***

with

two

leading

and

three

trai1~ng

zeros

to

match

length

***

of

serial

driver

and

placement

of

video

echo

bytes.

13935

IF

LEFT$(Q$,l)

<>

"Y"

THEN

13040

13038

PRINT

SPC(10)

CHR$(27)

"9n:

REM

ESC

9

sets

left

margin

***

(on

some

printers

like

Diablo

and CItoh)

13040

RETURN

***

---------------

Turn

printer

off

-------------------------

13959

POKE

-16432,249:

REM

SE

O=V

(E9F9,equ

E91B)

13060

POKE

-16431,233

13080

POKE

-16434,64:REM

BAUD

1290

13090

RETURN

***

_______________

nFn

Display

formulas

----------------------

---

Starts

with

clear

lower

screen

routine

used

also

by

amorization

program.

14000

OUT

0,20:FOR

1=1

TO

9:PRINT SPC(62) "

n:NEXT

14002

OUT

0,20:FORN=0T062:PRINTCHR$(184);:NEXT:PRINT

14003 IF IN$=nJ n

THEN

RETURN

14004

OUT

0,21

14005

FOR

A=l

TO

REL:B=l

:REM

A=RELi,

B=STAGE

14010

IFCN(A,B)=0ANDDC(A,B)=0ANDOC(A+1)=9ANDOC(A+2)=9THEN14259

***

If

not

constant

and no 2nd

operand

in

this

relation

and no

or

zero

column

address

for

results

then

stop.

14920

GOSUB

700

14040

GOSUB

730

14059 IF EI(A,B)=0

THEN

PRINT

n.":GOTO 14250

14055

FOR

B=2

TO

5

14060

IF

CN(A,B)=0

AND

DC(A,B)=0

THEN

14250

14070

GOSUB

700

14080

PRINT

FUNC$(A,B)

FAC$;

14090

IF

EI(A,B)=0

THEN

PRINT

".n:GOTO 14250

14100

14250

14255

IF

FRA(1)=0

THEN

PRINT:PRINTnNo

addition

specified.n:PRINT:GOTO 14360

1~260

PRINTnAdd

rowsn;

14270

FOR

8=1

TO

3

14280

IF

FRA(S)=0

THEN

14300

14290

PRINT

FRA(S)nton

LRA(8)

"onto

row

n

STT(S)

CHR$(l)n;n;

14300

PRINT:PRINT

nexc

1uding

n;

14320

IF

EX=0

THEN

PRINT

nnonen;:GOTO 14350

14330

FOR

8=1

TO

EX:PRINT

n,"XC(S)nNEXT

14350 PRINTn.n:PRINT:PRINT

14360 PRINTnReview

the

formulas.

If

any

derived

values

(left

of

=)";

14363

PRINT

n

are

used

n

14370

PRINT

"as

arguments

in

another

formula

(right

of

=),

n;

14373

PRINT

"the

relation

whichn

14380

PRINT

nderives

the

value

must

occur

ahead

of

that

n;

14383

PRINT

nwhich

uses

it.

(Menu)n

14390

INPUT

IN$

14400

GOTO

114

15000

REM

-------------------

Delete

a

formula

----------------

15005

PRINTCHR$(12)

15907 A=l

15010

INPUT"Nurnber

of

the

formula

to

be

de1eted

n

;DL

15020

FOR

I=DL

TO

REL

15023

IF

A=l

THEN

15030

15025

FOR

I=REL+1TODL+1

STEP-1

15030 OC(I)=OC(I+A):OW(I)=OW(I+A):DJ(I)=DJ(I+A):DK(I)=DK(I+A)

15040

FOR

N=l

TO

5:CN(I,N)=CN(I+A,N):CO$(I,N)=CO$(I+A,N)

15950 DC(I,N)=DC(I+A,N):DR(I,N)=DR(I+A,N) :

FUNC$

(I,N)

=FUNC$

(I+A,N)

15060 EI(I,N)=EI(I+A,N):NEXT

N:NEXT

I

15070

IF

A=lTHENREL=REL-1:GOTO

15085

15080

REL=REL+1

15085

GOTO

14000

16000

REM

-------------------

Insert

a

formula

----------------

16005

PRINT

CHR$(12)

16010

INPUT"At

what

number

will

te

list

be opened

for

insertionn;DL

16020

PRINT:PRINTnOn

seeing

formula

#nd1

n

repeated

as

#"DL+1

n,

command

'R

'

and"

16030 PRINTnspecify #nDLnfor

revision,

then

enter

the

Relationship

to

insert.

II

16040

A=:l:GOTO

15025

***

(continued

on page 84)

SORCERER'S APPRENTICE 83

(SPREADSHEET

continued

from page

83)

***

_______________

nRn

Define

relationships

section

----------

***

28888

IF

OC(REL)=8

THEN

28818

28885

REL=REL+l

28818 IF

P=8

THEN

PRINT

CHR$(12)

28812

O$="E"

28828 PRINTnRelationships

are

entered

in

the

form:"

28848

PRINT:PRINT

"Destination

value

at

(column,

row)

is

";

28843

PRINT

"the

result

of

Data

In

28858 PRINTn(column,

row)

affected

by

either

a Constant or

";

28853

PRINTnother Data,

via"

28868

PRINT"a

Function (* / + or

-).

If

the

result

of

this

n;

28863 PRINTncalculation

is"

28878

PRINTnan

Intermediate

element

rather

than

the

final

n;

28873 PRINT"Entr¥

for

then

28888 PRINT"dest1nation

position,

queries

will

prompt

";

28883 PRINT"the

28898 PRINT"data, and

functions

needed

to

complete

the

n;

28893 PRINT"formula. n

28128

PRINT:PRINT"The

relationshi~s

are

numbered

as

you

";

28123 PRINTnenter them, and

to

be

28138

PRINT

"changed must be

called

by

number and

n;

28133 PRINT"re-entered

completely."

.

28148

PRINT:PRINT

a»~»~»~»~

Do

not

enter

straight

columnar

";

28143

PRINTnor

row

addition

in"

28158

PRINT

nthis

section.

Later

queries

will

offer

that

";

28153 PRINT"oftion.":PRINT

28168

PRINT

n Enter column, row' wants numbers

with

a n,

28161

PRINT"comma

between them.":PRINT

28163

PRINT

nDerived

values

used

as

arguments must be n;

28164 PRINT"derived

before

use.

n

28165

PRINT:PRINTnThis

will

be

Relationship

i"REL".n:PRINT

28168

O$="N"

28178

PRINT

"You

will

be.,asked column and

row

numbers

for

n;

28173 PRINTnthe

destination

n

28174

PRINT

"value and

all

the

argument

values.

You

may

now:"

28188

PRINT

n

Delete

a

relationship

formula,n

28181

PRINT

n

Insert

a formul,

reV1ew

the

Sheet,"

28182

PRINT

n

enter

Column

addition

parameters

onl¥,n

28183

PRINT"

pass

on

to

Enter

the

28184

PRINT"

or

enter

the

NUMBER

of

a

relationship

to

n;

28185

INPUT"be

re-defined.

";0$

28193

IF

LEFT$(O$,l)="In

THEN

16885

28194 IF LEFT$(O$,l)=nS"

THEN

GOSUB

2838

28195

IF

LEFT$(O$,l)="Cn

THEN

GOTO

28528

28196

IF

LEFT$(O$,l)="D"

THEN

15885

28197

IF

O$a

n•

THEN

O$="E"

28198 IF

ASC(O$)

<58

THEN

RH=REL:REL=VAL(0$):N=8

28199

PRINT:PRINT

'

28288 INPUT"Destination:

(enter

column,

row)

n;

OC(REL),

OW(REL)

28285

PRINT:CN

a

8:N=8

28218 INPUT"equals Data 1

(enter

column,

row)

n;OJ (REL),

DK

(REL)

28214

PRINT

28215

N=N+1

28238 INPUTnacted on br a

Constant,

or

other

Data (choose)

·;0$

28231

PRINT

28239 IF

O$="D"

THEN

CN(REL,N)=8:GOTO

28258:REM---Constant

fctr

28248 PRINTnConstant (express a

percentage

as

decimal:

18

as

•

l)n;

28241

INPUT

CN(REL,N):PRINT

28242

INPUT

"Name

of

constant";

CO$(REL,N)

28244

GO'l'O

28268:

REM

---

Data

factor

28258

PRINT

"Where

is

the

other

data

(enter

column,

row)

n;

28253

INPUT

DC(REL

N)

,DR(REL,N)

28268

PRINT:PRINT

'Enter

the

function

by which

the

latter

n;

28263

PRINT

"data

or

constant

acts

on"

28Z78

INPUT

"data

1.

*,

/ +,

or

-",FUNC$(REL,N)

28288

PRINT:INPUT

nls

result

the

Entry

or

an Intermediaten;O$

28488

IF

O$=nI"

THEN

EI(REL,N)=l:GOTO

28418

28485 EI(REL,N) =

8:GOTO

28458

.

28418

PRINT:PRINT

nThe

intermediate

value

in

the

destination

n;

28415

PRINT"

slot

is

now

to

ben:

GOTO

28215

28458

PRINT:PRINT

nTo

enter

more

relationships,

type

'M'.

n,

28453

PRINT"

~

define

co1umn

n

28468

PRINT

"addition,

t~

'C'.

To

return

to

";

28463

PRINT

"sheet,

type

S'.n

28478

PRINT"You

may

always

return

to

define

more

relationships.n

28472

IF

RH<>8

THEN

REL=RH:

M=8

28473 INPUT"

n;O$

28488

IF

0i-"M"

THEN

28888

28588 IF 0 ="S"

THEN

IN$="Hn:GOTO

128

28585

IF

0

a"·

THEN

114

28518

IF

O$<>nC"

THEN

PRINT

nRe-enter your choice.n:GOTO

28458

***

---------------

Column

addition

parameters

section

-------

***

28528

SEC=l:PRINT:PRINT

nThe

column

may

be

totaled

n;

28523

PRINT

n

entire1y,

with

defined

exceptions,"

(continued on page

85)

84

SORCERER'S

APPRENTICE

THE

VBNBZUBLAN

CONNECTION

by Roger

Pfeil

Thank

you very much

for

your

fine

Newsletter.

It

is

very

difficult

to

get

Sorcerer-related

information

here

in

Venezuel

a.

The

printer

-drivers

and

Data-save

routines,

which I

found

there,

have

eliminated

hours

of

headaches. I

just

wish I

had

all

this

information

available

right

after

I

bought

my Sorcerer

in

1979.

Let

me

just

share

some

of

my

own

findings

with

you,

which

might

be

useful

for

other

readers:

Serial

Iaterface

Cable

I

bought

both

my

parallel

and

serial

interface

cables

from EXIDY.

There

was

no

problem

with

the

parallel

cable:

I

plugged

it

into

the

computer

and

an

MX-80

printer,

pressed

the

, command of my

WP

Pac,

and

off

she

went.

Not

so

with

the

serial

cable:

Ag

ain

I

plugged

in

both

ends

connecting

the

Sorcerer

with

my Ander

son

-

Jacobson

printer

and

tried

the

print

command:

- - -

nothing

I

Thinking

back, I

am

thankful

that

neither

the

typewriter

nor

the

computer blew

up.

The

serial

cable

consists

of a

fl

at

25-wire

cable

and

a

printed

circuit

board

with

outlets

for

tape

saving

and

recording,

including

remote

con-

trois,

as

well

as a 25

outlet

for

a

RS-232

device.

Pint

I

found

out

that

I

had

to

invert

wires

No.

2

and

3.

Still

nothing

I

Sccoudl,

checking

the

wire

connec-

tions

of the

Serial

Cable,

I

noticed

that

the

25-line

flat

cable,

which

comes

with

EXIDY's

Serial

Connec-

tion

had

been

placed

into

the

plug

inverted:

No.1 became

No.l3

at

the

other

end.

I opened

up

the

plug,

turned

the

flat

cable

over

and

inserted

it

ag

ain.

Now

the

printer

worked

with

the

WP

Pac,

but

not

with

BASIC

programs.

Thirdl"

for

some

reason

beyond

my

comprehension,

the

ODS

command

does

not

work

with

the

serial

port,

like

the

O=L

command

does

with

the

parallel

output.

I

would

expect

EXIDY

to

mention

this

fact

ill

their

Guided

Tour

of

'erloaal

Computins

and

provide a

Serial

Driver

in

this

Manual

for

the

Sorcerer.

Finally

I

found

the

information

in

the

Ter:hai-

cal

Manual,

but

still

had

to

modify

the

Machine

Language

program

to

include

a

delay,

which

took

me,

the

beginning

computerist,

many

other

hours

of

frustr

ating

work.

POIUtbly, I

hooked

up

my

two

tape

recorders

to

the

respective

outlets

on

the

l'rintcd

circuit

board

of

EXIDY's

Serial

Cable.

After

typing

CSAVE

and

RETURN, I or

rather

EXIDY

really

blew

it.

The

tape

recorder

quit

working

completely

(a

fuse

had

blown)

and

the

Sorcerer refused

to

SAVE

any

more

text

(the

transistor

of

the

Sorcerer's

Cassette

ou~ut

had

been

broken).

The

problem

IS

that

EXIDY

has

interconnected

all

Ground

and

Shield

wires

on

the

printed

board,

even

though

they

warn

in

the

Tcdmicd

Manual

(p.36):

"The

Mic

2

shield

must

be

completely

insulated

so

June

1

III

July

15,

1982

cc

cc-

@

that

it

cannot

possibly

touch

any

of

the

other

shields."

My

own problem

was simil

ar,

even

though

I was

working

only

with mike 1:

The

ground

of

the

motor

control

of

my

Sony

recorder

(TC-

860) is differen t

from

the

mike-shidd.

Shorting

the

two caused

the

trouble.

In

summation:

Do

not

waste

your

$98.-

on

a piece

of

equipment

that

is

so

poorly

done.

For

less

than

$20.-

a

friend

with

a

soldering

iron

could

fix

you a

better

cable

following

the

schematics

on

pages

35-36

of

the

Technical

Manual.

Graphka

With Word

Procasor

The

ca.Pability of the Sorcerer

~o

use

forelgn

letters

was

my

maln

reason

for

purchasing

this

computer,

since I

am

a Hebrew teacher

at

an

evangdical

Seminary. However,

the

WP

Pac

rdoads

the

graphil:s

area

even

if

it

is

entered

from

the

Monitor

with

a

warm-start

using

"PP"

or

"GO

C003".

One

way of avoiding

the

rdoad

is

to

re-enter

the

WP

through

the

back-

door.

I

am

using

the

end of

the

Y-

table

(DA70)

for

this

purpose:

Enter

the

Monitor

with

the X

Command.

Note

the

location

of

the

Shift-

Graphic

characters

by

punching

the

corresponding

keys.

Note:

The

letters

are

in

alphabetical,

not

in

QWERTY

order.

Load your

letters

into

the

corres-

ponding

location.

GO

DA70

Write your

letter,

backspace

and

underline.

The

graphic char acter

will

appear

on

the

screen

instead

of

the

black-on-white

letter.

This

procedure

will

only

display

graphic or

foreign

characters

on

the

screen.

The

output

to

the

printer

will

still

be

the

underlined

original

letter,

unless

a special

~rinter

-driver

is

used.

Perhaps somebody

could

devdop

such a driver.

It

would

have

to

take

a

letter

and

place

it

into

a

buffer.

Then

it

would

check

the

to

find

out

whether

it

is a

back-space.

If

it

is,

it

would

eliminate

the

backspace

and

the

following

underline

character

and

enter

the

first

letter

into

a special

subroutine,

whereby

it

would

enter

the

printer

into

a

dot

-gr

aphics mode

and

send

the

5x8

code for

the

foreign

letter

from a

look-up

table.

Has

anyone

done

anything

similar

to

this

yet?

RAM

Breakdown

The

other

day

my

Sorcerer

got

stuck

in

the

middle

of a

program.

No

more

input

from

the

keyboard.

I

switched

the

machine

off

and

on

ag

ain.

The

first

two

letters

of

the

sign-on

could

be

seen,

.then

eva;y-

thing

was

stuck

agun.

PreSSing

RES ET sometimes produced some

interesting

gr aphics.

Removing the BASIC Pac did

not

(continued

on

page

86)

June

1 & July

15,

1982

(SPREADSHEET

continued

from page

84)

2115311

PRINT

"or

divided

into

two

or

three

subtotals

which

";

211533

PRINT"may

or

may

not

be"

2115411

PRINT

"combined

via

a

'relationship'.

If

you

do

not

";

211543

PRINT"wish

to

divide

the"

2115511

PRINT

"column, you

will

call

it

all

'Section

1" and

";

211553

PRINT"~SS

the

remaining"

211555

PRINT

queries.

";

2115611

PRINT

'~hat

is

the

first

and

last

row

to

be added

in"

211565

FRA(SEC)=II

2115711

PRINT

nSection"SEC"?

(Enter

first,

last

row";

211573

PRINT"numbers.)

(You

may"

2115811

PRINT"exclude

selected

rows

next.

Pass

with

a comma.)n;

211581

INPUT

FRA(SEC).

LRA(SEC)

211583

IF

FRA(SEC)=II

THEN

21161111

211585

PRINT:INPUT

"On

which

row

will

total

appear";STT(SEC)

2115911

SEC=SEC+l:IF

SEC<4

THEN

2115611

21161111

EX=II:PRINT

2116111

PRINT

nHow

many

rows

altogether

will

you

exclude

from

";

20611

INPUT

naddition";EX

20615

IF

EX=0

THEN

20680

20620

PRINT:PRINT

nWhich

rows

are

to

be

excluded

from

";

20623 PRINT"column

addition?

(If"

2116311

PRINT

"none,

pass.)";

20640

FOR

1=1

TO

EX:

INPUT

XC(I):NEXT

20650

PRINT:PRINT

nyou

chose rows";:FOR

1=0

TO

EX

20653

PRINT

XC(I);:NEXT:PRINT"

OK?"

20660

INPUT

Q$

20670

IF

LEFT$(Q$,l)="N"

THEN

20600

20680 PRINT:PRINT"All columns

will

be

added.

There

is

no

";

20683 PRINTnprovision

for

non-A "

20690 PRINT"add columns.

Now

you

may

define

more

Relationships

20700 PRINT"or

make

any

other

menu

choice

including

Kalkulate."

20705

INPUT

IN$

20710

GOTO

114

***

---------------"K"

Kalculations

section

------------------

***

---

Each column

is

calculated

4

times,

with

section

addition

between

each

calCUlation.

22000 C=0:K=0:Q$="":REM

300=calculation,

500=addition

22010

OUT

1,29:PRINTn

Figuring

columnnC+ln

•••

n;:GOSUB

300

22110

SEC=l

22120 V(C+l,STT(SEC»=0

22130

GOSUB

500:REM

22150

GOSUB

300:REM

22160 SEC=2:IF STT(SEC)=0

THEN

22227

22165 V(C+l,STT(SEC»=0

22170

GOSUB

500:REM

22180

GOSUB

300:REM

22190 SEC=3:IF STT(SEC)=0

THEN

22227

22200 V(C+l,STT(SEC»=0

22210

GOSUB

500:REM

22220

GO

SUB

300:REM

22225

GOSUB

10000:0UT 1,27:REM

22227

IF

C+l=COLS

THEN

22250

22228

IF

K=l

THEN

22240

Add

first

section

Calculate

2nd time

Add

second

section

Calculate

3rd

time

Add

third

section

Calculate

4th

time

Write

sheet

w/

results

22230

INPUT

n do Next

col,

All

cols,

or

Stop";Q$

22235

IF

LEFT$(Q$,l)=nA"

THEN

K=l:Q$=nN

n

22240

IF

LEFT$(Q$,l)=nN"

THEN

C=C+l:GOTO

22010

22250

IN$=nMn:GOTO

120:REM

Write

the

sheet

with

move

options.

***

---------------"

n

Clear

out

all

values,

keep

sheet

------

----

This

is

not

given

a

command

letter

because

it

is

dangerous.

To

use

it,

one must

break

the

program

and Goto 30000.

It

is

used

to

save

a

blank

sheet

with

its

labels

and

formulas,

ready

for

re-use.

30000

FOR

1=1

TO

COLS:FOR

N=l

TO

ROWS:V(I,N)=0:NEXT

N

30003

***

*** _______________ nJ"

Amortization

calculation

--------------

***

30050 INPUTnEnter amount, term

(months),

&

an.

interest.";Pl,MO,A

30060 A2=A/100/l2:P2=Pl*(A2*(1+A2)MO)/«(1+A2)MO)-l)

30070 IF(P2-(100*P2-INT(100*P2»)<.5THENP2=INT(100*P2)/100:GOT030090

30080 P2=(INT(100*P2)+l)/100

30090 PRINTnMonthly payment

is

$"P2n.":INPUT

IN$:GOTO

114

***

---------------"S"

Set

or

clear

row

totals

---------------

***

30150

IF

P=0

THEN

PRINT

CHR$(12)

30160

IF

TC<>0

THEN

30250

30200

INPUT

"Which column

is

for

row

totals";TC

30205

IF

TC>13

THEN

PRINT

nToo

high.

":GOTO

30200

(continued

on page

86)

SORCERER'S APPRENTICE 85

(SPREADSHEET

continued

from page

85)

38286 IF

TC>COLS+1

THEN

PRINT

"Too

high.n:GOTO 30200

38287

CD=COLS:IF

TC>COLS

THEN

COLS=COLS+1

38289

CN$(8)=CN$(TC):CN$(TC)=nROW

TOTAL

n

38218

FOR

R=l

TO

ROWS:V(8,R)=V(TC,R):V(TC,R)=0

38212

FOR

C=1

TO

TC-1:V(TC,R)

=V(TC,R)

+V(C,R)

:NEXT

C

38215

38228

IN$=nM·:GOTO

114

***

---------------

Clear

the

totals

column,

restore

original

38258

CN$(TC)=CN$(8):FOR

R=l

TO

ROWS:V(TC,R)=V(8,R):NEXT

38255 IF

COLS<>CO

THEN

COLS=COLS-l

38268

TC=8:PRINT

38265 INPUT"Tota1s column

erased.

Do

you want a

row

totals

columnn

;Q$

38278 PRINT:IF LEFT$(Q$,l)="Y"

THEN

38288

38275

IN$="M":GOTO

120

***

-----------"V"

Plot

a graph

section

***

38588

IF

P=8

THEN

PRINTCHR$

(12)

38585 PRINT:INPUT"Print graph

when

donen;Q$

38518

PRINT

30520 PRINT"Tit1e

for

graph (appears

at

bottom,

68

ch.

max.)

":

INPU'l"l'I$

30540 PRINT:INPUT"P10t

how

many

rows (max.

6)

n;PA

38550

PRINT:PRINTaWhich

rows

r by number (use

n8

n ro

recall

them)n;

30560

FOR

1=1

~

PA:INPUTP(I}:IF

P(I)=8

THEN

IN$="M":GOTO

128

38570

38598

FOR

1=1

~

PA:FOR

N=l

~

COLS:IF

V(N,P(I»>H

THEN

H=V(N,P(I»

38688

IF

V(N,P(I»<L

THEN

L=V(N,P(I»

38618

38628

38638 IN=INT«H-L)/25)+1

38648 L$="":PRINT:INPUTnConnecting

lines

n;L$

38658 IF

P=8

THEN

PRINTCHR$

(12)

30668

PRINT

TAB(18);

38665

FOR

1=1

~

13

38667 IFMID$(CN$(I),4,1)=,,)nTHENPRINTMID$(CN$(I),5,3)n

";:NEXT:GOTO

38688

38678 PRIN1MID$(CN$(I),4,3)n

n;:NEXT

38680

PRINT

38698

FOR

N=8

~

25:IF

N/5=INT(N/5)THENPRINTH-IN*N

TAB(18)DT$:GOTO

38718

38788

PRINTH-IN*N

30710

28

PRINT:

PRINTTI$

38738

FOR

1=1

~

PA:FOR

N=l

~

COLS

38748 RC(N)=INT«(H-V(N,P(I»)/IN)+.5)+1:REM

••

1 IF

ROW

2 IS

TOP

38745 RD(N)=INT«(H-V(N+1,P(I»)/IN)+.5)+1

38750

OUT

N*4+6,RC(N):PRINTST.R$(P(I».

38757

IF LEFT$(L$,l)

=nNn

THEN

38768

38758

FORN=l~LS-

1:GOSUB888:OUTN*4+8,RC(N):PRINTJA$;JB$;JC$;JD$;JE$

30768 .

IFP(I»9TBENOOTN*4+6.RC(N):PRINTRIGHT$(STR$(P(I»,LEN(STR$(P(I»)-1)

38764

38768

38778

IF

LEFT$(Q$,l)=-yn

THEN

38888

38798

Q$="":OUT

58,27:INPUT"Menu";IN$:GO~

114

***

----

Before

printing,

cancel

video

echo

in

driver.

38882

IF

PEEK

(38)

=8

THEN

PRINT"

n;

:REM

ADJUST

PRINTOUT

***

If

skew observed on

printing

screen

dump

of

plot,

adjust

***

the

top

line

of

spaces.

Four

are

lost

with

some

printers.

*** Line 38882

senses

presence

of

Centronics

driver

and adds

***

spaces

to

compensate,

since

the

problem was observed on a

***

parallel

printer.

38885

FORI=-3968~-2849:IF

PEEK(I)=128

THEN

PRINT

nln;:NEXT

38818

PRINTCHR$(PEEK(I»l!NEXT:PRINT:

38828

POKE33

i28S:POKE34,27:POKE35,224

38840

GOSUB

2958:GOTO

38798

***

0008

8001

0002

86

For a

Centronics-type

parallel

printer,

alter

the

data

lines

as

follows:

948

DATA

8,8,245,285,27,224,254,18,48,28,245,219,255,283,

127

,32

942

DATA

258,241,246,128,211,255,238,127,211,255,246,128

945

DATA

211,255,241,281,8,8,8

If

printer

needs a

linefeed

sent

by

the

routine,

convert

seventh

thro~gh

tenth

bytes

to

zeroes.

E5

47

CD

E8 E9

DISASSEMBLY

OF

ZERO

PAGE

PUSH

HL

LD

B,A

CALL

E9E8

CURSOR

ADDRESSING

(concluded on page 87)

SORCERER'S

APPRENTICE

(VENEZUELAN

con

t'd

from

p.

85)

help

either.

Only

a

dash

showed up,

no

input

accepted. However,

the

WP

Pac

worked

almost

fine,

as

long

as I

did

not

go

into

the

Monitor.

Text

returned

from the H Command

changed

somewhat.

Since

I

could

not

go

into

the

Monitor

I

could

not

do

any

memory

test.

Fortunately,

I

had

just

received

a set of

RAM

Chips

for

a memory

expansion.

I

exchanged

the

chips

and

eureka

it

worked I

In

my

case,

some of

the

RAM

chips

in

the

upper

part

of

memory

had

broken

down.

Since

the

computer

could

not

ser up

its

stacks,

it

did

not

start

properly.

A

broken-down

RAM

chip

in

the

lower

part

of

the

memory

will

allow

the

Monitor

or

the

BASIC

Pac

to

start,

but

not

the

WP

Pac.

Since

the

RAMs

of

the

stack

are

used a

lot,

I

would

expect

them

to

break

down

first.

Have

an

ex

tra

set

of

RAMs

on

hand

(they

are

only

$16

now for

the

set).

If

your

computer

stops

working

like

mine,

try

exchang-

ing

your

RAM

chips,

8

at

a

time.

It

may save

you

an

expensive

repair

bill

and

some

valuable

tune

out.

Automatic

Paragraph

Composer

Copyright

1982: Roger

Pfeil

Apdo. 4713,

Maracay,

Venezuela

IThe

following

macro

will

automati-

cally

compose

letters

for

you

from

numbered

paragraphs.

2Type

Graphic-6

followed

by the

numbers

1

to

O.

lType

your

paragraph.

It

can

be

of

any

length,

limited

only

by

the

memory of

your

computer.

4Type

a

Graphic-9

followed

by a

RETURN

on

the

5Repeat

procedure

from

No.1,

until

all

paragraphs

are

typed.

You

can

use

up

to

17

paragraphs,

coded

as

men

tioned

in

No.2.

6Add

the

following

line

after

the

Graphic-9

of

your

last

paragraph:

"Graphic-6

X

Graphic-6

-

(Dash)

Graphic-6

-

Graphic-6

-

Graphic-6

-

Graphic-9

RETURN"

(without

spaces,

as shown

in

the

last

paragraph

here).

Mfter

composing

all

paragraphs,

obtain

a

printout,

which

will

serve

for

your

reference.

Since

the

printer

ignores

the

Graphic-6

and

the

following

letter,

you have

to

write

in

the

number

of

the

paragraph

by

hand.

8Now

type

your

letterhead,

the

receiver

s

address,

and

an

initial

phrase,

anything

you

want

to

appear

before

the

main

body

of

the

letter

(See

ex

ample

below).

9Type

a

Graphic-6,

followed

by

Graphic-9,

followed

by

more

Graphic-6

with

the

numbers

or

letters

of

the

paragraphs

desired

for

the

first

letter.

The

order

of

the

paragraphs

is

not

important.

OAfter

some

line-feeds,

write

your

final

phrase

and

name.

You

may

also

add

some

person

al

words,

June 1 & July 15,

1982

) @

which

are

not

in

the

paragraphs,

before

or

after

the

main

body

of

tex

t

represented

by

the

codes

for

the

paragraphs.

Terminate

your

letter

with

a

Graphic-l

(Formfeed)

and

a

Graphic-8,

both

followed

by

RETURN.

Read

your

Macro

into

the

Computer.

Position

the

Cursor

at

the

beginning

of

the

Macro.

Give

the

A-

Command.

Switch

on

your

printer.

Now

type

an

Al

Comm

and

to

see

the

letter

composed

from

the

paragraphs

and

printed.

In

the

EDIT

mode

insert

a new

name

and

address

as

well

as new num

ber

s f

or

the

paragraphs

of

your

following

letter.

An

Al

Command

will

do

the

rest

for

you.

If

you

want

to

do

some

Reading

or

Writing

from

or

to

Tape,

first

take

the

Macro

out

of

its

buffer

with

the

AO

Command.

Otherwise,

you

will

lose

part

of

your

Macro.

x----

Sorcerer's

Apprentice

P.O.

BOl[ 33

Roger

Pfeil

Apdo.

4713

Maracay,

Aragua

Venezuela,

2101A

April

10,

1982

Madison

Heights,

MI

48071

Dear

Ralph,

t/

s/l/./hO/h/u

s/l/./u

t

5/2/

./ho/h/u

s/l/./u

t

s/3/./hO/h/u

s/3/./u

t

s/If/./ho/h/u

s/If/./u

t

s/5/./hO/h/u

s/5/./u

t

s/6/./ho/h/u

s/6/./u

t

s/7/./ho/h/u

s/7/./u

t

s/

8/.

/hO/h/u

s/8/./u

t

s/9/./hO/h/u

s/9/./u

t

s/O/./hO/h/u

s/O/./u

t

s/X/./U

p

t

s/X/.

/hO/hl/u

s/

/./d/dl/u

b7

June

1 & July 15,

1982

Sincerely

yours,

Roger

•

(SPREADSHEET

continued

from page

86)

0005:

AF

XOR

A

0006:

FD

77

6B

LD

(IY+6B),A

0009:

CB

18

RR

B

000B: 1F

RRA

000C:

CB

18

RR

B

000E: 1F

RRA

000F:

FD

77

68

LD

0012:

FD

70

69

LD

0015:

3A

3F

01

LD

0018:

FD

77

6A

LD

001B:

E1

pop

001C:

D1

pop

001D:

C9

RET

(IY+68) ,A

(IY+69)

,B

A,

(flJl3F)

(IY+6A)

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HL

DE

001E:

C5

PUSH

BC

001F:

F5

PUSH

AF

0020:

F5

PUSH

AF

0021:

CD

1B

E0

CALL

E01B

0024:

3E

80

LD

A,80

0026:

D3

FE

OUT

FE

0028:

F1

pop

AF

0029:

CD

12

E0

CALL

E012

002C:

DB

FD

IN

FD

002E:

CB

47

BIT 0,A

0030:

28

FA

JR Z,002C

0032:

01

00 08

LD

BC,0800

0035:

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DEC

BC

0036:

79

LD

A,C

0037:

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OR

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0038:

20

FB

JR

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003A:

78

LD

A,B

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20

F7

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0041: 11 12

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0047:

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004B:

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0051:

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0054:

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0055:

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0058:

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005B:

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005F: 11 18

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0062:

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LD

0065:

FD

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LD

0068:

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RET

DE,E012

(IY+3F),E

(IY+40)

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(IY+3F),E

(IY+40)

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DE,

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0069:

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(BC),A

006A:

03

INC

BC

006B:

C9

RET

006C:

D5

PUSH

DE

006D:

E5

PUSH

HL

006E:

F5

PUSH

AF

006F:

C5

PUSH

BC

0070:

FD

36

LD

(IY+3F),69

0074:

FD

36

LD

(IY+40)

,00

0078:

ED

5B

B9

01

LD

DE.

(01B9)

007C:

01

9A

BF

LD

BC.BF9A

007F:

CD

E8 E1

CALL

E1E8

0082:

03

INC

Be

0083:

ED

5B

SB

01

LD

DE,

(01BB)

0087:

CD

E8

E1

CALL

E1E8

008A:

FD

36

LD

(IY+3F) ,1B

008E:

FD

36

LD

(IY+40),E0

0092:

C1

pop

BC

0093:

F1

pop

AF

0094:

E1

pop

HL

0095:

D1

pop

DE

0096:

C9

RET

0097:

D5

PUSH

DE

0098:

E5

PUSH

HL

0099:

F5

PUSH

AF

009A:

C5

PUSH

BC

009B:

FD

36

LD

(IY+3F),69

009F:

FD

36

LD

(IY+40),00

00A3:

ED

5B

B9

01

LD

DE,

(01B9)

flJfIJA7:

flJ1

96

BF

LD

BC,BF96

00AA

CD

E8

E1

CALL

E1E8

00AD

FD

36

LD

(IY+3F),lB

flJfIJB1

FD

36

LD

(IY+40),EfIJ

flJfIJB5

C1

pop

BC

flJ0B6

F1

pop

AF

flJ0B7

E1

pop

HL

flJ0B8

D1

pop

DE

flJfIJB9

C9

RET

SORCERER'S APPRENTICE

SERIAL

DRIVER

(Centronics

driver

must

fit

in

same

space

with

••

VIDEO

ECHO

in

same

position)

STRSVON

(OUTTAPE)

STRSVOFF

(VIDEO)

STRLOON

(INTAPE)

STRLOOFF

(KEYBD)

RAMWRiter

;Subroutine

-

CSAVE*

substitute.

;P1aces

start

and end

address

of

;array

bloc

in

Monitor

command

;buffer

after

name,

for

SAve.

;Make

outaddr

eq Ramwriter

;

;DE

points

to

start

of

arrays

;BCpoints

to

part

of

cmd

line

;Ca11 Send

Ascii

Hex

of

2

bytes

;DE

points

to

end

of

arrays

;Ca1l

Send

Ascii

Hex

again

;Make

outaddr

eq Video

;Subroutine

-

CLOAD*

substitute.

;P1aces

start

-

arrays

address

lin

Monitor

command

line

buffer

;after

nLO

1n

for

a

LOad.

;Make

outaddr

eq Ramwriter

;DE

points

to

start

of

arrars

;BC

points

to

correct

posit10n

:in

command

1ine.Ca1l

Send

Ascii

;Make

outaddr

eq Video

;Note

that

BF9A

and

BF96

are

specific

to

a

48K

Sorcerer.

•

87

UI

:::»

"

o

..I

e

l-

e

()

UI

III

IE:

U.

88

ENSIGN

SOFTWARE

CHOMP

$19.95

is an absolute

must

for every game enthusiast.

It

is bet-

ter then the Pac-Man arcade game where you are being

chased through a maze

of

alleys by four Monsters who

will

eat you If they can catch

you_

DISASSEMBLER $17.95

Is a

ZOSO

machine language two-pass disassembler

whose

output

format is

directly

compatible with the

Development Pac. The

ZOSO

assembly language source

(Input

to

assembler)

listing

can be sent

to

Video,

Cassette

or

Printer. The cassette file produced is a

source file

for

the Editor/Assembler and can

be

read

directly

Into the

editor

of

the Development

Pac.

The

disassembler has a displacement

function

which allows

any program residing anywhere in memory

to

be decod-

ed, whether it Is at Its normal address

or

has been moved

to

be decoded.

PRODUCT

PRICE

OVERSEAS POSTAGE: ADD $3

NO POSTAGE CHARGE IN USA & CANADA

~

11i.'j

TOTALL...---i

ENCLOSE:

IIIiiiiII1

. -

(A) A CHECK IN U.S. DOLLARS DRAWN

ON

A U.S.

BANK, MONEY ORDER OR CASH FOR THE ABOVE

AMOUNT,

OR

(B) CREDIT CARD, EXPIRATION

DATI:..E

____

_

NUMBER:

....................................

.

. . . .

MAIL YOUR ORDER TO:

ENSIGN SOFTWARE

2312 N. COLE

RD.,

SUITE E

BOISE, IDAHO

83704

U.SA

PHONE: (208)

378-8086

HIGH

QUALITY

SOFWARE

AT

A

LOW

PRICE

SORCERER'S

APPRENTICE

ASTRO ATTACKER $21.95

CO)

is

similar

to

the arcade game called "ASTRO BLASTER".

This action game for the Sorcerer is far superior

to

all

other

Sorcerer games because of

its

high resolution

graphics, sound, variety and playability. Astro Attacker

graphics are extremely advanced. The display is of the

console inside your astro fighter craft. In your console

window you see the enemy ships placed against a

background

of

continuously moving stars. Gauges also

indicate the amount of fuel remaining and the

temperature

of

your lazer cannons.

If

you fire

too

fre-

quently you can overheat the lazers, or if you move

recklessly you may run out of fuel. Your challenge is to

survive and destroy the Spinners, the Lazer Ships, the

Rockets, the Flame Throwers, and the Meteor shower.

Docking with the mother ship is crucial

to

survival as

this

restores your shield strength and fuel, and cools

your lazer cannon. With each succeeding level of play,

survival becomes more

difficult

as

the enemy ships at-

tack

with

greater frequency and quickness. Superb

sound too.

ASTRO

ATTACKER

•

cl~~o

~!llIi/'

i

• /

.j

,/

• I

fJi.;,s

~

dod

~II.

i~:

~

.0 1'1 I

'!,-/

Co

Q

I .

SC[]RE:

0B753

HIGH:

0B753

DATABASE

SYSTEM /I $29.95

Is a RAM-based general purpose database system

for

handling alphanumeric data. It is written in Z-80 machine

language and

is

suitable

for

use in 32K

or

48K Sorcerer

microcomputers. Flies may be stored on cassette

or

on

disk

under the CP/M

1.4

or

later operating system. This

database is useable by both cassette based systems

and/or

disk

based systems.

Commands available in functional groupings are:

A:

File Definition: CREATE

B:

File Input/Output: LOAD, MERGE, SAVE

C:

File Alteration: ADD, DELETE, EDIT, SORT

0:

File Listing: LIST, REPORT, TOTAL

E:

System Parameters: PRINTER, SPACE, TABSET

F: Program Exit: CPM, MONITOR

Allowance is made for up

to

750 records

which

may con-

sist

of

1·9 fields. Each field is given a name by the user

when creating the database and this is used as an aid in

manipulating the file. The space available

for

record

storage is approximately 9K less than the available

RAM

in cassette mode and 14K less than CP/M system size in

disk

mode. A field may contain up

to

56 characters.

It

is

best

to

divide the record into small fields which are

useful

for

sorting and searching. For example, a file of

names and addresses, the fields could be:

NAME, STREET, CITY, and PHONE.

CG

The software is sent on cassette tape,

but

is easily

transfered to your CP/M disk. Use the

Monitor

)LO

command, boot your disk, and then type

A)

SAVE

27

OAT ABASE.COM.

(BELLY UPI

continued

from

page

73)

This

brings

us

to

a very

important

question.

Where

do

the

Sorcerer

owners

go

from

here?

Do

we

just

dump

the

system

we have

and

invest

in

something

new or

do

we

continue

to

try

to

make

the

best

of

the

situation?

The

answer

really

depends

on

what

you

are

using

your

system

for.

If

the

system

meets

your

immediate

and

short

term

future

needs.

hang

on

to

it.

because you

can't

get

enough

for

it

to

justify

the

purchase

of

a new system

with

equal

or

better

specifications.

If

the

system

does

not

meet

your

needs

then

upgrade

it

or

dump

itl

If

you

have

the

S-100

unit.

you

can

upgrade

your

system by

purcha-

sing

a

dumb

terminal

and

a new

S-

100

board

that

meets

your

specifica-

tions.

Dumb

terminals

are

quite

reasonable

in

price

(Televideo.

ADDS.

ADM

etc.).

Look

at

Priority

One's

Spring

1982

Engineering

Selection

Guide.

and

you'll

see

the

large

variety

of

S-100

boards

available.

most

of

which

will

work with

the

Sorcerer

without

modification.

With

a new

CPU.

Video

display.

and

Memory

card.

plus

an

inexpensive

terminal.

you

can

have

a new

system

with

a

lot

more

capability

than

you

now have.

The

price

will

prob

ably

be

less

than

a

$1000.

if

you

shop

carefully.

You

can

still

use

your

old

disk

system

and

printer.

Of

course.

if

you

want

to

upgrade

to

a 68000

microprocessor.

the

price

will

be

higher.

Priority

One

has

a MC

68000

CPU

card

avail

able

for

$1075

(page

3

of

the

Spring

guide).

The

expansion

and

upgrade

possibilities

of

an

S-100

system

are

virtually

endless.

With

the

Exidy

S-

100

unit.

or

any

S-100

unit

with

the

Exidy

S-100

card

(available

from

South

Valley

Electronics).

you'll

never

be

obsolete.

To

upgrade.

mere-

ly

buy a

new

S-100

card

(most

are

quite

reasonably

priced)

and

you've

got

a new

system.

Your

imagination

and

money

are

the

only

limitations.

So.

there

IS

really

no

need

to

give

up

the

Sorcerer.

Add

CP

1M

and

most

of

your

software

problems

are

solved.

If

you

are

contemplating

building

a

business

around

the

Sorcerer.

you

may

not

get

very

far.

For

all

practical

purposes.

unless

something

develops

wth

either

Compudat

a

or

the

licensing

deal

currently

under

negotiations.

the

Sorcerer

is

dead.

What

happens

to

the

users

group?

Well.

that

will

depend

upon

the

membership

at

large.

There

is

a

large

base

in

Europe

and

Australia.

but

not

in

the

United

States.

(Gary

Jensen

estimated

there

to

be

about

1000

active

users

In

the

U.S.)

To

continue

bringing

you

the

Newsletter

in

its

present

format.

we

will

need

100%

renewals

for

at

current

prices.

We

can

always

reduce

the

number

of

pages.

or

do

away

with

stapling.

three

ring

binder

holes.

use

lower

quality

paper

etc.

to

continue

the

Newsletter

for

fewer members.

We're

going

to

need

your

input

reg

arding

the

continuance

of

the

Newsletter

and

the

group.

Please

send

your

suggestions

and

comments

to

us

by

the

end

of

September.

so

we

may

plan

ahead

for

In

the

meantime.

hold

on

to

your

Sorcerer.

it

is

still

a very good

computer!

We

still

have

expert

ser-

vice

avail

able

from

Jack

MacGrath

and

B.J.

Freeman.

There

is

a

lot

of

June 1 & July 15.

1982

software

available

from

Ensign

(Ar-

rington)

Software.

System

Software.

Dayspring

Computer

Enterprises

and

a

lot

of individual"

authors.

For

CPIM

users.

there

is

a

constantly

growing

library

of

software

available.O

EASY

TYPING

PRACTICE

by

Larry

Kobylarz

The

following

BASIC

program

allows

you

to

use

the

Sorcerer

for

typin~

practice.

Use

carriage

return

and

hne

feed

at

the

end

of

each

line.

Use

Control

H for

backspace.

Con-

trol

C

gets

you

out

of

the

program.

10

POKE

318.195:

POKE

320.224

20

A=INP(9):

IF

A=O

TIiel

20 IlI:II

30

PRINT

CHR$

(A)

;:

ooro 20

.,

ON-LINE

by

Robert

Hageman.

System

Operator

In

this

issue.

I

will

cover

mapping

operating

systems. moving

files

bet-

ween

different

systems

in

the

same

machine.

and

moving

ROM

Pac

Basic

files

from

tape

to

disk.

Mapping

An

Operating

System

1.

Clean

memory by

filling

it

with

all

one

value.

i.e.

all

nulls

or

all

FFs.

One

method

is

to

ENter

"00"

at

address 0000

and

MOve

0000

to

fill

all

memory

except

the

Monitor

work

area

(MWA).

In

a

52K

machine

the

move

command

is:

MO

0 CF7E

1.

2.

Boot

the

system

to

put

a

fresh

image

in

memory.

This

is

usually

a

GO

command.

as

in

GO

0000

to

boot

a

disk

controller

at

address

0000.

3.

Escape

to

the

Monitor.

Hitting

both

RESET

keys

will

work,

but

if

you

can

have

the

system

execute

code by a

jump

to

an

address.

try

to

enter

the

Monitor

at

E003.

4.

Dump

memory.

Don't

cheat.

start

at

0000

and

work

through

to

your

highest

RAM

address.

Note

ad-

dresses

for

the

following:

a.

Areas occupied by

the

system.

b.

Areas

unoccupied

by

the

system.

Try

to

be

specific.

If

possible.

locate

boot

loaders.

main

operating

system.

and

data

areas

used

by

the

system.

+++ +++ +++

Mewiog

FUca

Between

Different

Systems

10

The

Same

Machine

1.

Map

both

oper atinJ! systems

following

the

directions

given

above.

2.

Determine

the

"safe"

areas.

i.e.

those

areas

neither

system

uses

and

those

areas

each system leaves

untouched.

3.

Load

the

file

to

be

transferred

hom

the

source

system.

It

is

best

if

you

can

just

load

the

file

without

executing

it.

4.

Escape

to

the

Monitor.

SORCERER'S APPRENTICE

5.

MOve

the

file

to

a

"safe"

area

for

the

destination

system.

6.

Boot

the

destination

system.

Hopefully.

it

will

load

without

touching

your

file.

7.

Escape

to

the

Monitor

again.

8.

Move

the

file

to

a

suitable

location

for

this

system.

9.

Reenter

the

destination

system.

If

possible.

do

this

through

it's

warm

entry

point.

10.Save

the

file.

+++

Ballie

PlIC

FUcs

To

Disk

It

is

possible

to

get

the

Basic

ROM

Pac

to

write

an

ASCII

tape

of

the

Basic

program

in

memory.

This

tape

can

be

read

by

the

Monitor

serial

input

routine

from

CP

1M

using

PIP

to

put

the

file

on

disk.

1.

ENter

at

0000:

CD

12

EO

CD

IB

EO

C9.

2.

SEt

Output

=

O.

3.

Return

to

the

ROM

Pac

with

PP.

4.

Type

LIST.

5.

Start

the

recorder.

6.

Push

RETURN.

7.

After READY.

type

several

control-

Zs.

The

"Reader"

function

of

your CP

1M

BIOS

should

call

or

jump

to

the

Monitor

serial

input

routine

(like

CD

OF

EO

C9

or

C3

OF

EO).

8.

Boot

your

CP

1M.

9.

PIP

the

file

froiD

the

reader

to

disk:

PIP FILENAME.ASC=RDR:.

If

the

file

is

larger

than

16K. you

should

use

PIP's

block

move

option:

PIP

FILENAME.ASC

[B].

which

tells

PIP

to

buffer

the

input

until

it

receives a

control-S

or

control-Z.O

USEFUL

POKE

COMMANDS

by

William

Cohen

(Reprinted

from

the

May. 1980

issue

of

the

S.U.N.)

In

the

January

1980

issue

(S.U.N.

Vol

II.

page

6)

the

NEWVIDEO

program

caused a

jump

of a

line

at

every

line

feed.

The

same

operation

can

be

accomplished

much

easier

with

the

use

of

a BASIC POKE

command.

Below

are

listed

a few POKE

commands

which

I

found

which

might

be

of

interest

to

other

users.

1.

Double

space

printing

(same

as

NEW

VIDEO)

-

POKE

322.0

2.

Line

width

control-

for

BAS

IC

only-

POKE

322.xx

(where

xx

=

1,2.3.4

••••

64).

This

command

con-

trols

the

length

of

the

line.

It

will

be

limited

to

xx

length.

If

the

statement

is

longer

than

xx

char

acters

it

will

scroll

to

the

3.

Printing

speed

control-

POKE

32719.xx.

The

larger

the

xx

the

slower

the

print

speed.

The

slow-

est

allowed

value

of

xx

is

255.

For

sK

memory use

S14

3

and

for

16K memory use

16635.0

89

-SORCBRBR

STRINGY

FLOPPY

Additional

Information

by

Alan

H.

Schmid

Issue 4.1 of the

Souerer'a

/tppren-

tke,

had

a review of the Ex

atron

Stringy

Floppy

(ESF)

modified by

ASP Mkrocomputers for use with

the

Sorcerer. This

.ame

issue carried

an

informadve

ad by ASP. I do

not

intend

to

duplkate

this

.ame

infor-

madon.

but

to

build

upon

it.

I have been using

the

ASP

ESF

for

eight

months.

The

controller

and

two ddves have seen

daily

use

supporting

my stock

option

tr

ading

bus1Dess.

Since

I

will

diccull "both

the

features

and

the

hult

••

and

will

probably

go

into

the

faults

in

the

greatest

detail.

it

should

be

stated

in

the

beginning

that

I

am

very pleased

with

the

ESF.

This

is

not

going

to

be

a

cru.ade

to

prove

that

the

ESF

is

better

than

a

pair

of

floppy

disks. However.

if

cmt

U a

factor.

the

ESF is a

valid

middle

ground

in

the

large

void

that

exuta

between

nuclio

cassettes

and

disks.

~

Shald

Consider the BSFt'

If

you

already

have

twO

disks. go

read

another

artu:lel

If

you have

only

one

disk.

then

save your money for a second. so you

can

euily

maintain

backup recorda.

If

you have 481( memory.

but

only

cllll8ettCII. you

cert

ainly

need either

dirks

Of

ESP.

If

you

have a Sorcerer I with

its

maximum fllCtory

internal

capacity of

32K,

plus

two cll88ettea

with

motor

controls.

you are a prime

candidate

for

BSP.

"

If

you have a

32IC

Sorcerer

I.

and

a

sinole

cosllette

without

motor

control,

you have a

small

current

iDVesbDen~

and

will

benefit

the

moat

from

the

tlSF.

If

you have

leu

than

32K,

the

ESF

will

work

well

with

your system.

and

WIll

,Practkally

none

C!f

the

computer's

preaoua

memory

capacity.

Now

that

we have

told

the

disk

owners where

to

go.

let'o

get

on

with

the

details.

ESP

Pcat1ll:es an4

Limitations

Pleas~

go

read

the

referenced

artkle

and

ad. I

want

to

spend our time

covering new

ground.

Concerning

SPEED.

The

ESF

op-

erates

at

approximately

9600 baUd

versea 1200

baud

or 300

baud

for

the

cusette.

To

illustrate

what

this

means

in

the

real

world.

I

ran

a

teat

of

loading

the SYSTEM 3

Toolkit

at

both

1200

baud

from

cassette

and

with

the

ESF.

TIME:

Sec.

TASK

Cass.

ESF

Rewind

15

Search

for

begin.

of

record

1

Load CClllp

let

e -

Total

el

apsed

75

6.8

90

The

ESF increase

in

transfer

rate

over

the

cassette

is

9600b/1200b,

a

factor

of eight. However,

the

system

increase

in

transfer

rate

is a

factor

of 11 when

the

time for human

button

pushing is

included

I

That

could

really

cut

into

your

day-

dreaming time!

This

is

a trickier

sub~ect

than

speed, with many

subJective items.

The

best

I

can

do

is

make a

clear

case as I see

it,

with

enough

data

that

you may convert

it

to

your

case

and

point

of

view.

First

the

ground

rules:

Baseline System -Sorcerer I or

II

with 32K, 1 or 2

cassettes,

Stan-

dard

BASIC

and

Word Processing

Pacs.

Minimum user avail able

RAM,

28IC,

after

oper ating system

and

BAS

IC

loaded.

Minimum of 2 disks required so

backup disks

can

be

conveniently

made.

While

ESF

backups

do

not

require 2

drives

to

make backup records, I

will

specify 2

to

save

arguments.

Using, "Disk

Notes",

in

the

December, 1981

SA

for

cost

data,

the

best

one

could

do

would be _1200 for

two drives.

There

would

still

be

the

coot for

inaeasing

32IC

to

48IC

to

provide room for the disk operating

system

and

disk BASIC. Also. there

would

still

be

the

problem of

getting

the

Word Processor back

in

servke.

However.

let's

not

get

caught

up

in

details.

The

point

is

that

ESFs are

not

better

than

disks,

rather

the

ESF

is

a

valid

medium cost

alternativel

ESF

Costs:

Controller

and

drive

_339

Second

drive

157

WP

Driver

50

Total

_546

Note:

1.

List

prke

is

stated

in

Australian

dollars.

However,

at

writ-

ing

time1

USA

and

Australian

dollars

are

equal.

Note:

2.

I

personally

fed

the

second drive and the

WP

Driver

could

be

omitted from

the

system

(details

later).

RELIABILITY of

the

ESF

is

as

advertised I CSAVE

and

>SA

are

verified

automatically

after

recording.

While this

takes

additional

time, I

have never

lost

a record.

The

worst

that

has

happened is a

parity

error

on

loading

that

required a second

attempt,

or a head

cleaning.

While

reliability

of the

hardware

is

excellent,

there is a QUALITY

problem

with

the

wafers. A new wafer

18

certified

before

initial

use.

i.e.

test

data

are

first

recorded,

and

then read

over

the

entire

length

of

the

tape.

The

Certify

command does

this

once,

or a

Certify

Loop command

will

do

it

10

timea

in

succession. I have

found

that

in

a new

batch

of

waferst

approximately

10% will fail

the

certifkation.

These are

usually

the

longer

wafers,

35

and

50

foot

long.

Repeated

attempts

at

certification

will

allow a

few

marginal

wafers

to

pass,

but

the

remaining are

only

good for

obtaining

replacements from Ex

atron.

SORCERER'S

APPRENTICE

Once a wafer

has

been

initially

certified,

it

is

a

very

reliable

wafer.

The

initial

certification

failures

are a

significant

annoyance,

but

do

not

affect the system

reliability.

The

certification

problem seems

to

be

wafer

internal

friction

as

the

endless

loop

of

tape

spirals

inward

in

the wafer. rubbing upon

itself.

The

frktion

is

also

sensitive

to

tempera-

ture.

My

office

is

heated

by

wood

stove, and drops

as

low as

40

0F

in

the

winter.

After soaking

at

this

temperature some wafers may give

parity

errors

on

the

initial

read

attempts.

Warming

the

wafer

slight-

ly,

will

eliminate

this

problem. I

suspect

most

of you would

not

even

have this

situation,

but

mention

it

only

to

illustrate

how some wafers

are very sensitive

to

intern

al

frktion.

The

documentation

supplied with

the ESF

is

good.

It

is

particularly

clear

in

the

section concerning two

minor

modifications

to

the

printed

circuit

board,

and

the

insertion

of the

new Monitor ROMs. I

had

no

problems

with

the

modifications.

The

manual

details

the

changes

inc orp

or ated

in

the

Monitor ROMs. I

will

only

mention

four

that

I

find

affect

the

user.

1.

The

Monitor Work Area

(MWA)

has

been

extended

10 bytes further

downward

into

user

RAM.

2.

The

lOSE

T = n commands

to

set

the

baud

rate

are

like

the

Exidy

1.1

Monitor.and

therefore, the

reverse of

the

Exidy 1.0 Monitor

you

may have.

3.

The

keyboard debounce

routine

has

been improved. I used

to

be

rlagued with

double

8's

during

ong

inJ?Ut

sessions. This has

been

eliminated.

4.

My

printer

would

consistently

refuse

the

first

software

commands

of the day

to

print.

This

problem

has

been

diminated.

Now

for

the

"good/bad

news"

items. A program

is

included

wih

the

ESF

for saving

string

arrays.

How-

ever, the CSAVEo command

for

saving

numerkal

arrays

was

not

implemented

on

the

ESF.

Personally,

I

find

this

a

bad

tradeoff.

The

CSAVE* and

CLOAD

* are

still

av

ail able

in

the

cassette

mode.

There

are

ways

to

work around

this

limit

ation,

but

each

of you

should

evaluate

this

limitation

carefully

in

rel

ation

to

your use of

the

Sorcerer before you purchase.

Since

this is a

software

limitation,

a

solution

may

still

appear.

In

the

I

will

explain

some ways around

the

CSAVEo

problem.

The

CSAVE* problem

illustrates

one

of the virtues of

the

ESF,

it

augments

rather

than

replaces the

cassette.

The

manual

explains

how

the

system "wakes

up"

in

the

ESF

mode.

One

can

transfer

to

cassette

with

the

Monitor command

lOSE

M=C"

and

back

to

the

ESF

with

"SE

M=S".

A

significant

exception

to

this

rule

is

not

documented. While

in

the

ESF

mode,

the

system

will

save or

load

data

to

cassette

at

300b.

For me

this

is

a

significant

June

1

tit

July

15,1982

@

cc

)

convenience.

On

a weekly

basis

I

spend

an

hour

doing

dat

a

input,

and

then

turn

the

computer

loose

to

generate

an

updated

20K numerical

array.

A

printout

is

made

for

review,

and

the

array

saved for

historical

purposes.

I

am

able

to

make

backup

records

on

the

ES F

during

dat

a

input,

and

1

ater

save

the

array

on

cassette

at

300b

without

having

to

remember

to

"SE

M=C".

The

ESF

uses very

little

of

the

Sorcerer's

RAM:

The

MWA

is

increased

by 10

bytes as

noted

above.

The

Word Processing

Driver,

if

used,

occupies

OH

to

2FFH.

The

ESF

control

ROM

uses

addresses B800H

to

BFFFH.

Therefore,

in

the

case

of

Sorcerers

with

'18K

of

RAM,

they

become effectively,

'16K

memories.

E

adier,

I

made

reference

to

only

minor

changes

being

required

in

a

progr

am

to

make

it

compatible

with

the

ESF.

There

are

basically

two:

I.

Since

the

Monitor

Work Area

has

been

extended

10

bytes

downward,

POKEs

into

the

MWA

must

have

their

addresses

changed.

For

ex-

ample,

with

a

UK

memory, POKEs

into

32720

at

32721

to

turn

a

printer

ON

or

OFF,

would

be

changed

to

32710

at

32711,

respectively.

2.

Any

program

references

to

CSAVEo

at

1200b may

only

be

done

if

the

Sorcerer

is

in

the

cassette

mode.

I

do

not

find

this

a

significant

limitation

since

the

Sorcerer

can-

not

reliably

save

data

at

1200b.

In

case' of

the

Word Processor Pac

with

the

ESF,

one

has

a choice,

both

acceptable.

If

one

loads

the

WP

Driver

program,

the

ESF

will

read

and

wnte

tex

t

to

the

ESF

using

the

standard

commands.

In

addition,

all

standard

cassette

operations

are

still

available.

The

one

change

is

that

the

ESF

files

are

numbered

rather

than

named.

The

files

are

loaded

in

the

same

manner

as

cassettes

under

motor

control,

i.e.

in

256

byte

blocks,

and

without

verification.

The

use

of

the

WP

Driver

would

be

desireable,

if

the

operator

was

not

familiar

with

Sorcerer

Monitor

com-

mands.

The

alternate

method of saving

WP

files

involves

the

use

of

the

Monitor

>SA

command.

It

has

the

advantages

of:

1.

Saving

a

larger

file

on

a given

size

wafer.

2.

Verifying

the

file

when saved.

3.

Not

requiring

the

WP

Driver

Pro-

gram.

I

will

cover

operational

details

in

the

The

main

point

is

that

the

WP

Driver is

not

required

to

use

the

ES F

with

the

WP

Pac.

Finally,

here

is

the

approximate

capacity

for

the

available

wafer

tape

lengths:

June

I

&:

July

15,

1982

Wafer

:Bytes:>SA

Bytes:WP

Run

Time

Length:or

CSAVE

Driver

sec.

5

10

20

35

50

6000

12000

24000

42000

60000

2700

5400

10800

18000

27000

6.5

13

26

45

65

At

present,

the

ASP

ESF

controller

is

manufactured

by ASP

Micro-

computers

in

Austr

alia.

The

ES F

drives are

standard

drives m

anufac-

tured

by Ex

atron

in

Sunnyvale,

CA,

and

modified

by

ASP

in

Australia.

I

personally

appreciate

the

effort

that

AS

P

put

into

the

proj

ect,

so

that

there

is

a

mass

memory

option

that

filled

the

gap

between

cassettes

and

floppy

disks.

The

full

address for

ASP

is:

ASP Microcomputers

797

Dandenong

Road

East

Malvern 3145

Victoria,

Australia

SORCERER

STRINGY

FLOPPY

Opaating

Techniques

by

Al

an

H.

Schmid

•

In

the

I provided

information

concerning

the

Ex

atron

Stringy

Floppy

(ESF),

modified

by

ASP Microcomputers

to

operate

on

the

Sorcerer.

That

article

was

to

answer

the

questions

that

remain

after

a

typical

product

review,

but

before

one

is

prepared

to

make

a

buy

decision.

This

article

will

describe a few

oper

ating

techniques,

hopefully,

urg-

ing

others

to

submit new or unproved

ideas

for

our

mutual

use.

Saving

WP

Tat

W/Monitor

>SA

This

suggestion

came from

the

Melbourne

University,

Australia,

via

the

ASP Microcomputers,

"Stringy

Floppy

Newsletter".

Paul

Stuart,

of

ASP, deserves

thanks

for

passing

on

a

technique

that

allows

anyone

willing

to

use

the

Sorcerer

Monitor,

to

use

the

WP

Pac

and

the

ESF

without

purchasing

the

WP

Driver from ASP.

The

advantages

of

the

Monitor

>SA

method

are:

approximately

twice as

fast,

more

than

twice as much

text

per

wafer,

automatic

verification

of a

write,

and

no

patch

program

needed.

The

disadvantages

are:

writing

a

file

is

slightlr

more

complicated

l

incoming

tex

t

wil

not

automatica

ly

merge

with

existing

text

in

RAM

and

will

over

-write

it.

A method

to

overcome

this

is

included

below.

Saving

a

WP

File

1.

Exit

WP

Pac

to

Monitor:

Command

X.

2.

Dump addresses 074A

and

074B:

DU

074A 074B.

These

two

bytes

contain

the

end

of

text

address.

Note

that

074B

cont

ains

the

first

part

of

the

address

and

074A

the

second.

F or ex

ample,

if 074A

contains

IE

and

074B

contains

12,

the

end address

is

HIE.

3.

Set

the

auto

ex

ecution

address

to

the

warm

start

address

for

the

WP

Pac

(C003):

SE

X=C003.

(Note:

I have

not

found

the

above

step

necessary. )

SORCERER'S APPRENTICE

4.

Save

the

file

on

wafer

using

the

usual

Monitor

syntax:

SA

n

SOF

121E. 80F is the

starting

address

for

all

WP

fil

es.

Loading a

WP

Monitor

File

1.

Exit

WP

Pac

to

Monitor:

Command

X.

2.

Load

file

with

the

command LO

n,

where n is

the

file

number. The

file

will

load

and

then

return

control

to

the

WP

Pac

in

the

EDIT

mode.

Merging Two

WP

Monitor

Files

1.

Put

existing

text

into

holding

buffer

using

usual

WP

commands.

2.

Load

second

file

as

above.

3.

Restore

first

file

from

holding

buffer

by

moving

cursor

to

the

desired

location

and

unloading

buffer

using

command

U.

This

method of saving

text

takes

less

time

than

reading

the

instruc-

tions.

The

automatic

verification

of

the

text

is

an

important

feature.

In

my

I discussed

the

problem of

the

CSAVEo

command

not

being

implemented

on

the

ESF.

A

program

for

DATA

I/O

was

included

with

the

ES F

for

recording

string

arrays,

not

numerical

arrays.

This

did

not

fill

my need

to

store

large

(20

K)

numerical

arrays,

since

string

arrays

for

decimal numbers occupy

more memory.

Also,

the

program

must

be

enlarged

to

handle

the

conversion

to

decimals

and

back

to

strings

so

that

calculation

can

be

made.

Two

variations

of

the

Monitor

>SA

method described above

will

work with

BASIC

data.

The

difference

between

the

two

methods

is

the

starting

address of

the

SAVE. Again, I

heard

of

the

first

method

from

Paul

Stuart

of ASP Microcomputers.

The

following

BASIC memory

ad-

dresses are

significant

to

the

pro-

cedures:

BHiIN BASIC:

Work

Area

Program

Prog.

Variables

Arrays

IN)

BASIC:

Arrays

100

105

(lB7

at

lB8)

(lB9

at

lBA)

(lBB

at

lBC)

The

addresses

in

()

are

pointers

to

the

location

listed.

For

example,

the

BASIC Arrays

start

at

the

address

contained

in

(lB9

at

lBA),

and

end

at

the

address

cont

ained

in

(lBB

at

lBC).

In

normal

Z-80

fashion,

the

address

bytes

are

in

reverse

order.

Saving

Program

&:

Variables

In

One

Record

This

method

is

convenient

for

programs

with

data

that

are

periodi-

cally

updated,

or you

are

interrupted

during

a

computing

session,

and

want

to

I ater res

tart.

This

method is

not

convenient

91

during

program development,

since

the

~rogram

cannot

be

Changed

without

Clumping

the

variables

to

zero.

Also,

it

takes

more

tape

since

the

program

is

recorded every time.

Saving

a Program

with

Variables

1.

Edt

to

Monitor:

BYE.

Z. Dump addresses 0188

and

18C:

DU

0188

018C.

These two bytes

contain

the

end

of

arrays

address.

Note

that

018C

contains

the

first

part

of

the

address and

01BB

the

lIecond. P or

ex

ample,

if

0188

contains

IE

and

018C

contains

6Z, the end address

is

6Z1E.

3.

Save

the

file

on

wafer

using

the

usual

Monitor

syntax:

SA

n 100

6Z1E.

The

starting

address

is

100

80

that

all

program

counters

will

be

included

along

with

the

program

and

variables.

Loading

Program

with

Variables

1.

Edt

to

Monitor:

BYE.

Z. Load

file

with

the

command

LO

n,

where n in

the

file

number.

3.

Return

to

BASIC: PP.

Since

you

have

just

loaded

the

program

with

all

variables,

you

MUST

NOT

start

with a RUN or

RUN

nn.

This

would

result

in

all

variables

being dumped

to

zero.

You

must

also

enter

the

program

after

any

array

dimen-

sioning

statements

to

avoid

"RE-

DIMENSIONED

ARRAY"

error.

I per lIonally

start

all

program

menus

at

step

100.

It

is

then

automatic

with

me

to

restart

all

programs

with

GOTO

100.

If

a

program

revision

must

be made

the

arrays

will

first

have

to

be

sav;!

separately

using the method below,

and

later

merged

with

the

revisea

program.

Saving BASIC

Anays

The

advantage

of

this

method over

saving

the

program

and

all

variables

together

is

that

it

takes

less

tape,

and

allows

revision of the

program

after

arrays

are saved.

The

disadvantage

is

that

the

address

for

the

lltart

of

arrays

must

also

be

found

in

the

BASIC Work

Area,

and

the

reloaded

arrays

must

be

moved

to

the

correct

address

after

loading

to

complete

the

merger

with

the

program.

Saving Arrays

(Notel

This

method saves

all

arrays

if

there

are

more

than

one.)

1.

Exit

to

Monitor:

BYE.

Z. Dump addresses

0189

to

018C:

DU

0189

018C.

3.

Save

the

file

on

wafer

using

the

u~al

Monitor

syntax:

SA

n

(1BA

at

189)

(18C

at

188).

The

actual

save

will

use the address

for

the

beginning

and

end of

arrays

contained

in

the addresses shown

in

O.

92

Loading

at

Merging Arrays w

/Program

1.

RUN

the

program

to

reset

pointers.

Program

should

be stopped

after

arrays

are dimensioned.

Z.

Exit

to

Monitor:

BYE.

3.

Dump

pointers

to

beginning

of

array

area:

DU 189

18Ao

4.

Load

file

with

the

command LO

n,

where n

is

the

file

number.

Hold

down CONTROL C during

loading

so

that

the

file

header

prints

on

the

screen.

5.

Move

the

arrays

downward

in

memory

to

the

new

array

start

address:

>MO

(file

header

start

address)

(file

header

end

address)

(1BA

at

189).

6.

Return

to

BASIC: PP.

If

the

program

is

revised by adding

to

it

after

the

arrays

are saved

on

ESP,

a problem may

exist

if

the

program

has

grown

into

the

area.

Por

minor

program

revi-

sions,

this

is

not

a prOblem. When

the

program

is

restarted

with

RUN

the

variables

are dumped

to

zero.

II

the

program

additions

use

less

memory

than

the

old

variable

area,

there

will

be room

to

load

the

arrays

and

move

them downward

to

merge

with

the

program.

Contrary

to

loading

from

cassette,

the

ESP

does

not

have provisions

to

load

Monitor files

to

a

diffttent

address

than

from

which

it

was saved.

Also, a

file

may

not

be

moved up

in

memory

unless

the

new

starting

address lies above

the

existing

ending

address.

Therefore,

there

is

not

sufficient

memory,

in

many

cases,

to

move

large

arrays

upward

in

memory,

after

loading

from

the

ESP.

If

you are worried about this

problem,

pad

your

program

with

some

dummy

statements

that

can

be

removed

if

the

program

needs

to

be

shortened

after

revision.

WARNING

The

is

a

det

ailed

description

of how

to

recover from

the

problem caused by extensive revision

of the

program

after

the

arrays

are

saved

on

the

ESP.

SKIP

TO

THE

"00000"

below

unless

you have need

of

this

det

ail.

If

you

get

trapped

after

the

arrays

have been saved:

1.

CSAVE

the

program

on

the

ESP.

Z.

Go

to

the

Monitor:

BYE.

3.

>LO

the

arrays

from

the

ESP.

4.

Set

memory

to

cassette:

SE

M=C.

5.

Save

the

arrays

on

cassette

using

above

method,

except

the

file

is

named

rather

than

numbered.

6.

SE

M =

S.

7.

Go

to

BASIC

and

reload

program

from

ESF.

This

is

necessary

since

its

back

end was

cut

off

by

the

array

load

in

Step

3.

8.

Do

steps

I,

Z, '" 3

in

basic method

above,

i.e.

RUN

program,

go

to

SORCERER'S

APPRENTICE

Monitor,

and

dump

pointers.

9.

SE

M =

C.

10.Using method described

on

page

Z6

of,

"A Guided

Tour

to

Personal

Computing"

, 1 oad the

arr

ay

s

higher

in

memory

than

they were

recorded.

11.SE M=S.

1Z.Finish

task

by

completing steps 5

'"

6

in

basic

method above, i.e.

.>MO

arrays

and

go

to

BASIC.

With a

little

planning,

you

will

never have

to

do

the

above,

but

here

it

is

just

in

case.

00000

The above procedures are crutches

to

get

around

the

lack

of a

CSAVEO

on

the

ESP.

They

cannot

be

done

under

prog~am

control,

since

they require

Monitor

commandS.

So

much for saving

arrays.

Now

for

some miscellaneous

tips

and

facts.

Do

your

program

development

using

the

ESF.

In

addition

to

the speed,

there

are other

advantages.

Use two

tapes

that

you

altemate

in

drive O.

Make a

CSAVE

about

every five

minutes.

A simple GRAPHIC 0

will

give a

one

stroke

CSAVE command.

Alternate

the

tapes

before each save.

The

ESF

will

default

to

file

#1

on

drive

o.

This

way a power f

allure

will

not

cost

you

more

than

5

minutes

work.

The

ESF

does

not

add a CRC

byte

to

the

end of

the

program.

Using

the

ESF

for

program

development does

not

pad

the

end of

the

program

with

accumulated

garbage

that

you have

to

1 aboriously

delete

if

memory gets

short.

You may

store

up

to

lZ7 files

on

a

wafer.

This

is

only

practical

if

the

files are added

sequentially,

and

an

earlier

file

never revised. Any

slow-

ing

of

the

drive

motor,

or

enlarging

of

the

file

I

will

cause the

beginning

of the

fo

lowing

file

to

be

over-

written.

There

is

a way

around

this

problem.

To

save

file

5,

the

ESF

searches

for

the

END of

file

4;

it

does

not

care

if

file

4

has

a

beginning.

Therefore,

separate

files

on

a

tape

with

dummy f.iles

tha~.

are

long

enough

to

cover minor

rev1S10ns

and

drive speed

variations.

A

typical

sequence

would

be:

#1

Program/#Z

Dummy

/#3

Program/

#4 Dummy/

•••••••

The

dummy

could

be

anything.

One

suggestion

would

be

to

(

>SA

n

o

IFF).

This

would

provide a

51Z

byte

buffer

between

programs.

While I have a

few

more goodies, I

will

end

this

article.

I'm sure some

of you have ideas

that

could

make

my

comments

look

naive. Please

do

so

by sending

short

items

to

the

Soa:uu's

Apprentice, showing

all

us

ESF

users

how

to

do

it

better.

I

will

even offer a

blank

un-certified

wafer

to

the

first

one

to

show how

to

save a numerical

array

under

program

control

••

June

1

'"

July

15, 1982

()

@

) @

ROM PAC

NOTBBOOK

iJ4

by

Iohn

de Rivaz

As

promi.ed

for

this

i.sue,

here

is

the

program

that

saves

the

entire

array

area

using

the

Monitor

routine.

If

an

error

is

found

on

loading,

instead

ot

just

stopping

in

the

usual

defeatest

manner,

the

routine

goes

on

to

load

the nel[ t

file.

Therefore,

if

you have saved two copies of a

file,

even

if

there

i.

an

error

on

loading

the

first

copy,

the

program

automati-

cally

tries

to

load

the

second. You

can

.ave

a.

many

copies as

you

wi.h

depending

on

the

rdiability

of

your

cauette

system.

This

routine

i.

used

to

.ave

arrays

in

RTL's

Stocks

and

.shares

Manage-

mcot

program,

which

is

under

test

at

the

time

of

writing.

Special features

of

the

program

include

inflation

linking

of

the

stocks,

to

show whether

tho.e

gaina

are for

real

or whether

they are

just

paper

gain..

This

will

give a graphic

demonstration

of

the

need

to

modify

law.

in

capital

tax

ation

to

adjust

the

COlt price

for

inflation

before

calculating

taxable

gain..

The

program

includes

printout

on

an

Epaon

MX80F/T

of

graphs of

share

performance

on

a time

axis

and

al.o

on

one

of

market

movements. A

frivolous

extra

is

a

routine

to

play

"tunes"

and

tones

baaed

on

a

company's

price

movemcots.

The

rou-

tines

used

to

generate

medium

resolution

graphics

and

to

print

them

with

the

MX80

will

be

given

in

future

articles

in

Sorcerer's

Apprcotice.

In

order

to

get

the

POKEs

for

BASIC,

load

in

the

machine code

with

the

Monitor,

and

then

get

BAS

IC

to

print

out

PEEKs of

the

required

memory. POKE 260,0.

In

order

to

record a

file,

POKE 261,0

and

call

A=USR(O).

To

load

a file, POKE

260,39

and

again

call

A=USR(O).

Before these

operations,

it

is

uoual

to

Print

a

line

tdling

the

operator

to

switch

his

machine

on

and

presl

any

key when he haa

done

so.

Thi.

progr

am

recorda every

single

numeric

array

present.

RTL

sdla

a program

called

STR which allO

loads

Itring

array.,

but

this

is

more complicated

and

time

consuming,

u every

single

string

haa

to

be

recorded

scparatdy.

An

alternative

method of saving

strings

il

used

in

the

program on

stock.

and

shares.

Each

string

is

split

up

into

groups

of

three

letters,

which are coded

into

siz

digit

numbers

and

saved

in

numeric

arrays.

The

strings

recorded require

only

ten

perccot

of

the

large

numeric

arrays

used,

so

this

method was considered

quicker

than

using

the

string

loading

program.

A

further

alternative

would

be

to

record

both

the

array

area

and

the

string

area.

As

a

footnote

to

the

last

article,

it

may be

noted

that

the

file

made

by

the

assembler

had

to

start

at

4000H

because

the

usembler

overwrote

it

if

it

started

at

3000H.

June

1 &

July

15,

1982

The

routine

uses code

taken

from

the

Monitor and modified

to

suit

the required

purpose.

EXIDY

Z-80

ASSEMBLER

ADDR

OBJECT

ST

>01B9

>81BB

>E1A2

>E65C

>E453

>E28A

>E2AF

'0000

'0004

'0007

'010A

'000D

'0010

'0014

'0018

'00lC

'0020

'0024

>E6DE

>8759

>E6A9

>E408

>ElBA

>E205

ED4BB901

115384

2ABB01

FD7150

FD7051

FD364741

FD364852

FD364952

FD364A41

FD364B59

C35CE6

'0027

CDA2E1

>E2DA

'002A

FD363D40

'002E 0601

, 0030

CD8AE2

'0033

CD5987

'0036

FDE5

'0038

DDE1

'003A 0610

'003C

CDDAE2

'003F

2843

, 0041

DD7757

'0044

DD23

'0046 10F4

'0048

FD4646

,

004B

CDDAE2

'004E

B8

'004F 2802

'0151 1826

'0053

CDDEE6

'0056

2AB901

'0059

FD5E5E

'005C

FD565F

'005F

'0062

'0065

'0067

'006A

'006C

'006D

'006E

CD59E7

CDA9E6

281D

CDDAE2

2818

77

23

10F7

'0070

FD4646

'0073

CDDAE2

'0076

B8

'0077

28E9

'0079

2108E4

'007C

CDBAE1

'007F

CD05E2

'0082

18A3

'0084

C3AFE2

ERRORS=0000

0001

0002

;ARRAY

LOAD

FOR

SHARE

PROGRAM

0003

ARRAY

BOU

01B9H

0004

END

BOU

01BSH

0005

GETIY

BOU

0E1A2H

0006

SAVE

BOU

0E65CH

0007

CARRET

BOU

0E453H

0008

CMOTON

BOU

0E28AH

0009

CMOTOF

BOU

0E2AFH

0010

;FINDS

GETIY

AND

LOADS

UP

0811

;MONlTOR

STACK

FOR

FIRST

8012

;SAVING

0013

LD

BC,(ARRAY)

0014

LD

DE.CARRET

0015

LD

BL,(END)

0016

LD

(IY+50H),C

0017

LD

(IY+51H),B

0018

LD

(IY+478),'A'

0019

LD

(IY+488),'R'

0020

LD

(IY+49HI'

'R'

0021

LD

(IY+4AH

,'A'

0022

LD

(IY+4BH

,'Y'

0023

JP

SAVE

0024

;here

to

load

array

0025

HEDPRT

EQU

0E6DEH

0026

TAPWT

BOU

08759B

0027

BLKADJ

BOU

0E6A98

0028

CRCMSG

BOU

0E408B

0029

MSGOUT

EQU

0E1BAH

0030

CRLF

BOU

0E2058

0031

COMAND

CALL

GETIY

0032

SERIN

BOU

0E2DAB

0033

LD

(IY+3DB)

,408

0034

LD

B,l

0035

CALL

CMOTON

0036

CALL

TAPWT

;modified

GETHED

0037

PUS8

IY

0038

pop

IX

0039

LD

B,10H

0040

GETHD1

CALL

SERIN

0041

JR

Z,LOAD10-$

0042

LD

(IX+57H)

,A

0043

INC

IX

0044

DJNZ

GETBD1-$

0045 LD B,(IY+46H)

;CRC

chkbit

0046

CALL

SERIN

0047

CP

B

0048

JR

Z,OONTIN-$

0049

JR

ERROR-$

0050

CONTIN

CALL

HEDPRT

0051 ;Tape

will

only

load

into

arra¥

area

0052

;set

by

BASIC,

not

area

specifled

by

0053

;the

header

on

the

tape.

0054

LD

HL,

(ARRAY)

0055

LD

E,

(IY+5EH)

0056

LD

D,(IY+5FH)

0057

;DE

now

> end

of

array

area

0058

;HL

now

>

start

of

array

area

0059

CALL

TAPWT

0060

LOAD8

CALL

BLKADJ

0061

JR

Z,LOAD18-$

8062

LOAD9

CALL

SERIN

0063

JR

Z,LOADl0-$

8864

LD

(HL)

,A

0065

INC

BL

0066

DJNZ

LOAD9-$

0067

;CRC

check -

load

error

0068

LD

B,(IY+46H)

;CRC

byte

0069

CALL

SERIN

0070

CP

B

0071 JR

Z,LOAD8-$

0072

ERROR

LD

HL,CRCMSG

0873

CALL

MSGOUT

007

4

CALL

CRLF

0075

STAGE1

JR

COMANO-$;next

if

error

007

6

LOAD10

JP

CMOTOF

ARRAY

CMOTOF

CONTIN

END

GETIY

LOAD8

SAVE

TAPWT

nB9

BLKADJ

E2AF

CMOTON

0053

CRCMSG

01BB

ERROR

E1A2

HEDPRT

0062

LOAD9

E65C

SERIN

E759

E6A9

CARRET

E28A

COMANO

E408

CRLF

0079

GETHD1

E6DE

LOAD10

0067

MSGOUT

E2DA

STAGE1

E453

0027

E205

003C

0084

ElBA

01')82

SORCERER'S APPRENTICE 93

.

«<

CLASSIPIBD ADS

>>>

$1/line

$l/line

=============================

POB BALBI 32K

Sorcerer

Model

I,

W /

BASIC

and Development

Pacs

cassette

. and monitor. Contact

AoL.

Cavalieri,

401 Bustleton Pike, Churchville,

PA

18966.

. .

=============================

ROM

PAC NOTBBOOK

#,

by

J

abn

de Rivaz

In

my

lilt

article,

I mentioned the

printing

of

gr aphs

on

the

MX80F

/T

from

Bllic,

a.

u.ed

in

RTL'.

stock.

and

.hare.

program -the

one

that

takes

inflation

into

account.

In

orda

to

genaate

graphics

that

are

.imilar

to

thoae

u.ed

In

the

MX80, a

abort

machine code program

is

u.ed.

This

is

a

talk

ellia

to

carry

out

in

machine code,

and

the

routine

can

be

POKEd

in,

u.ed,

and

the

.pace

then

u.ed

for

another

machine code

program

lata

on.

The

graphi:.

are

small

blob.

that

reduce

dle

rCiolution

of

each

puel

from the

Sorcaa's

8 z

8

to

the

TRS80'.

Zz).

The

fit

isn't

ez

act,

.0

the

middle ones

are

one

dot

amalia.

However

this

doesn't

show

in

the

printed

results.

These gr &pbic. are

al.o

u.ed

in

RTL'.

DRAWZ

program,

whiCh

enables

medium

resolution

graphic

pktures

to

be

drawn

on

the

screen

and

added

to

Buic

program.

without

re-typing

lou

of

POKB..

(DRAWl

i.

.smilar

but

hiah

resolution).

The

routine

work.

by

counting

up

in

register

B

and

then

tating

bits

to

determine whi:h

numbaa

are

to

be

loaded

into

the

graphic

defining

memory.

The

IX

regiata

points

to

the

graphic

defining

memory,

and

a

subroutine

"SBT"

is

called

each time

this is

to

be

let.

In

orda

to

print

the

screen

out

on

the

MX80F/T,

the

graphicl

characters

have

to

be

lI.iJned

new

codes.

In

addition,

a

line

1.

left

at

the

top

to

allow

non-printed

mes.ages

to

be

PUled

to

dle

opaator.

Bach

bit

of

scrCCD

memory is tested

in

turn.

If

it

contain.

a

byte

whoae

7th

bit

is

.et,

then

it

is

a

graphi:

not

a

.tandard

ASCII character. Therefore

it

haa

ZOH

subtracted

.0

II

to

comply

with

the

MX80'. graphic

.et,

and

is

lent

to

the

printa.

Ordinary

ASCII

char

acta.

are

printed

aa

usull.

The

program would

be

confu.ed

if

there

wae

any

other

graphics

apart

from

TRS80

puel.

on

the

screen,

.0

it

i.

left

up

to

the

opaator

to

ensure

this

does

not

take

place.

The

routine

al.o

in.erts

carriage

returns

at

the

end.

of

lines.

The

lrinta

driva

itself

is a

.tandar

one

which

prcwides

line

feed..

If

your

printer

i.

switched

to

auto

line

fced repl ace

lina

3Z-33 inclusive

with

NOPs.

With

care,

thae

routines

can

be

used

with

otha

printa.

whi:h

have

TRS80

type

pud

graDhics.

Thae

is,

of

courac,

the

~X80F

/TZ

high

resolution

plotting

feature

available

on

these

printer.,

but

the

Sorcerer

i.

limited

by

programablc

graphk

space

aa

to

how much bith

resolution

plotting

can

be

done

on

scrCCD,

and

these medium

resolution

programs

are

perfectly adequate

for

many

pUrPoaes.

Here is

the

printa

driva

routine

to

ttanafa

all

but

the

fir.t

line

from

the

screen:

94

EXIDY

Z-S0

ASSEMBLER

ADDR

OBJECT

ST

0001

0002

This

sets

up 6

pixel

graphics.

'1001 2lS0FE

'1113 111110

'1116

3EII

'1018

CB41

'IlIA

2802

'IOIC

3EFO

'OIIE

CB49

'Inl

2812

'on2

C61F

'1114

77

'0915

23

'0116

77

'1017

23

'1918 77

'1119

23

'lIlA

3EII

'I01C

CB51

'111E 2812

'1121 3EFI

'1122

CB59

'1124 2812

'1126

C61F

'1128

77

'1129

23

'112A

77

'112B

23

'112C

3EIO

'Ol2E

CB61

'1031 2812

'1132 3EFI

'1134

CB69

'1136 2812

'0138

C61F

'113A

77

'113B

23

'I03C

77

'1130

23

'113E

77

'113F

23

'1141

IC

'1141

79

'1142

FE41

'1144

C8

'1145

18BF

ERRORS=IIIO

0003

0004

0005

0""6

START

1107

IllS

0009

IllS

Xl

lOll

0112

1113

X2

0114

IllS

1016

1117

1118

In9

1120

1121

0122

1123

X3

1124

0125

1126

X4

IIV

1128

1129

1131

1132

0033

1134

X5

1135

1136

1137

X6

113S

1139

IIU

1141

1142

1143

1144

1045

1146

1147

START

X3

X6

111116

Xl

1122

X4

113A

LD

BIT

JR

LD

BIT

JR

ADD

LD

INC

LD

INC

LD

INC

LD

BIT

JR

LD

BIT

JR

ADD

LD

INC

LD

INC

LD

BIT

JR

LD

BIT

JR

ADD

LD

INC

LD

INC

LD

INC

LD

CP

RET

JR

OOIE

X2

1028

X5

HL,IFEIOH

BC,I

A,O

I,C

Z,X1-$

A,OFIH

1,C

Z,X2-$

A,OFH

(HLl,A

HL

(HLl,A

HL

(HLl,A

HL

A,O

2,C

Z,X3-$

A.IFOH

3,C

Z,X4-$

A,OFH

(HLl,A

HL

(HLl,A

HL

A.B

4,C

Z,X5-$

A.OFIH

5,C

Z,X6-$

A,IFH

(HLl,A

HL

(HLl,A

HL

(HLl,A

HL

C

A.C

64

Z

START-$

0914

1034

EXIDY

Z-80

ASSEMBLER

ADDR

OBJECT

ST

No.

>FICI

>F7FF

>E215

'1IC4

'IOC7

'IICA

'IICC

'OICE

'IICF

'1101

'1103

'1104

'0105

'1107

'1009

'IIDB

'OIOC

'lODE

'IIEI

'11E2

,

IOE4

21CIFO

llFFF7

IE21

1821

7E

CB7F

2891

91

F5

DBFE

CB77

28FA

F1

D3FF

FEID

211114

3EIA

lSEE

lee1

;

1112

;A

screen

printer

for

MX81FT

1013

;with

128 x

91

resolution.

The

0114

;Sorcerer's

special

graphics

must

lOIS

;a1ready

have been

set

up

to

get

the

1116

;correct

screen

image. and no

other

1117

,characters

with

bit

7

set

must be

1118

;present

on

screen.

1119 ,

1110

STOP

EQU

IFICIH

1111

;allows

for

a

top

message

not

to

be

BI12

;printed

out.

lel3

SBOT

EQU

0114

CRLF

EQU

IllS

ORG

lel6

LD

lel7

LD

IllS

LD

1119

JR

0121

START

LD

1121

BIT

1122

JR

111123

SUB

1124

OUT

PUSH

1025

PRINT

IN

1126

BIT

1027

JR

1128

FOP

1129

OUT

1131

CP

1131

JR

1032

LD

1033

JR

IF7FFH

OE205H

OC4H

HL,STOP

DE,SBOT

C,2IH

;MX80

CARRET-$

A,

(BL)

7,A

Z,OUT-$

C

AF

A,

(OFEHl

6,A

Z,PRINT-$

AF

(OFFH)

,A

IDH

NZ,NEXT-$

A,IAH

OUT-$

displacement

SORCERER'S

APPRENTICE

June

1

at

July

15,1982

c

@

) G

'00E6

23

0034

HL

'00E7

E5

0035

PUSH

HL

'00E8

ED52

0036

SBC

HL,DE

'00EA

E1

0037

pop

HL

'00EB

C8

0038

RET

Z

'00EC

10E0

0039

DJNZ

START-$

'00EE

3E00

0040

CARRET

LD

A,00H

'00F0

0641 0041

LD

B,650

'00F2

2B

0042

DEC

HL

'00F3

180F

0043

JR

OUT-$

ERRORS=0000

CARRET

00EE

CRLF

E205

OUT

0004

PRINT

0005

SBOT

F7FF •

START

00CE

STOP

F0C0

MAGIC SQUARB

by

Emiliano

De L

aurentiis

(This

article

is

reprinted

from

the

Oct/Nov,

1980 issue of the

S.U.N.)

What is a magic square? A magic square is a square

matrix

of odd numbered

sides, where each

cell

of the

matrix

holds

an

integer

from 1

to

n where n is the

number of.

cells

in

the

matrix.

Furthermore,

all

the

columns,

all

the rows,

and

all

the.

diagonals

must

add

to

the

s~me

number. An example of a

3:1:3

magic

square

is

presented. below.

The

.followlO,g

program

will

produce

any

nx

n magic

square.,

I present

it

here ~

an,illustration

of

the

algorithm

(called

a

production

system

10

the

program)

whlCh

will

produce such a square. The size

of

the magic

square you produce

is

only

limited by the

size

of your Sorcerer's memory.

3 x 3

MAGIC

S<PARE

8 1 6

15

3 5 7

15

4 9 2

15

--------

15 15

15

diagonal

s=15

PRCXiRAM

LISTING

1

REM

***

This

program

will

draw

any

size

magic

square

***

2

REM

*****

By

Emi1iano

De

Laurentiis

*****

3

REM

====================================================

4 PRINT CHR$(12)

5 INPUT

"Size

of

proposed

magic

square";M:OIM

C{M,M)

6 PRINT

CHR$(12):PRINT:PRINT

8 :

9

REM

N=No.

in

square;

X=Vertical

Axis;

Y=Horizontal

Axis

10

N=0:X=1:REM

Initialize

values

15

Y=INT{M/2+.5):REM

find

middle

position

of

co-ordinates

(l,Y)

16

REM

solution'

must

start

at

co-ordinates

(l,y)

where

Y

is

center

20 :

30

N=N+1:C(X,Y)=N:REM

set

value

N

at

position

X,Y

35

:

36

REM

==========PROOUCTION

SYSTEM

==========

40

IF

N=M*M

THEN

100

50

IF

X-I

< 1

AND

Y+1

> M

THEN

X=X+1:GOTO

30

60

IF

X-1<1

THEN

X=M:

Y=Y+1:

GOTO

30

70

IF

Y+1

> M

THEN

Y=1:X=X-1:GOTO

30

80

IF

C(X-1,Y+1)

<>

0

THEN

X=X+1:GOTO

30

90

X=X-1:Y=Y+1:GOTO

30

95

:

98

REM

print

matrix

99

:

100

FOR

A=l

TO

M:

FOR

B=l

TO

M

105

D=D+C(A,B)

106

IF

C(A,B)<100

THEN

PRINT"

";

107

IF

C(A,B)<10

THEN

PRINT"

";

110

PRINT

C(A,B);

"

";

120

"=";0:0=0:NEXT

A

125

:

126

FOR

1=1

TO

M*6:PRINT

"-";:NEXT

I:PRINT

127

:

130

FOR

B=l

TO

M:FOR

A=l

TO

M

140

D=D+C(A,B)

142

145

IF

0<100

THEN

PRINT"

";

147

IF

0<10

THEN

PRINT"

";

150

PRINT

0;"

";:0=0:NEXT

B

155

PRINT

""

160

PRINT

170

FOR

A=l

TO

M:B=l

180

O=D+C(A,B)

190

B=B+l:

"DIAGONAL

'\'=";0;

191

PRINT"

";

192

0=0

193

FOR

A=l

TO

M:

B=M

194

D=D+C(A,B)96

B=B-l:

"DIAGONAL

'/'=";0

200

PRINT CHR$(17):RUN 5:REM

Go

home

and

start

run

at

line

5

210

REM

RUN

COMMAND

CLEARS

MEMORY>

220

END

lune 1 & luly

15,

1982

SORCERER'S APPRENTICE •

NOTBS

FROM

RCPM-SORCBRER

by The Sysop

++++++

Eddy

CP

1M

Modification

Does

anyone

know how

to

modify

Exidy CP/M ver.

1.42/3

from Micro-

polis

Mod

I

to

Mod

II

operation?

So

far

I've

found

that

changing

address

0123EH

in

MOVCPM

from 47H

to

9BH

and

changing

address 0 IB4H

in

FORMAT

from 26H

to

4EH

accomv,-

lishes most

of

the change. I

still

need

to

modify something

to

get

CP/M

to

write

to

the whole disk.

R.D.

HAUN

++++++

Joystkk

Standard

Arrington's

standard,

described

in

the

January

Sorcerer's Apprentice

Newsletter

(3.1),

doesn't

permit

con-

current

operation

of

the

keyboard

and

joystick

#2.

Movemen

t while

firing is

also

pr

ohibited. I believe

this

should

be changed I Using the

keyboard

should

make

it

replace

only

joystick

#1,

leaving

#2

fully

func-

tional.

Since

the keypad is

on

the

right,

joystick #1

should

be

the

right

stick

and

#2

should

be

the

left

one.

I believe g

ames

have more realism if

the

"gun

II

doesn't

have

to

stop

while

it's

firing.

But,

Arrington's

standard

has

FIRE

and

LEFT/RIGHT

controls

sharing

the

same

pins;

they

can't

be

used together.

Since

games make

far

more use of

LEFT/RIGHT

than

they

do of UP/DOWN, the FIRE

button

should be moved

to

the

UP/DOWN

pinsl

Then, you

can

fire

on

invaders

as you keep

sliding

across

the

screen,

and

shoot asteroids as you swing your

ship

around.

G.

King

++++++

Monito,

Memory

Tat

Show

The

Monitor's

TEST

command

can

produce

an

interesting

display.

If

you

>TEST

screen

RAM,

you'll

see

the

patterns

it

uses.

To

get·

things

going,

type

in

these two

lines:

SE

0=E044

(

thi

s

tur

ns

off

screen

output)

TE

F080 F800 C

(this

runs

the

show

cont

inuously)

Impress

your

friends

with

the

thing

to

blinking

lightsl

G.

King

++++++

Soa:erer

Buil:

Converter

Bob,

what is needed

on

the

RCPM

is

an

interchange

of Sorcerer Basic

programs.

Would you agree? I've

got

a

nifty

CP/M program

that

converts

ASCII

Basic

to

Sorcerer

compacted Basic

and

vice-versa.

It's

great

for

working

with

your E -Basic

progr ams, Word Processor ere ated

programs,

etc. Is

this

something

that

would be good

to

have

on

your

system?

Dan

Conway

I

told

D

an

we

would

be

glad

to

have

his

program

on

the

system.

We

now have SORBAS.OBI,

and

DOC

on

drive A:.

SysoP.

95

(Editor's

Note:

In

his

article,

"Restoring

Lost

Link

Addresses",

found

in

issue 4.3, I ames

Canning

refers

to

the

'TOSCA'

.program found

in

the

May, 1980 issue of the

S.U.~

•.

Ssnce

many

!>f

you never subscribed

to

this

pub.hca~10n,.

and

b~ck-18SUes

are

no

l.onger avail able,

that

artICle

IS

bang

repnnted

below.

We

will

also

be

repnnting

other

articles,

that

may be of

interest

to

you.)

TAPB

OUTPUT

SCANNBR

by

Jim

Burns

(This

article

is

reprinted

from

the

May, 1980 issue of

the

S.U.N.)

The

following is a

relocatable

routine

that

acts

as

a

C&ssette image dump, byp assing

ezclusion

of headers,

CR

C

bytes,

etc.

and

which does

not

bomb

out

in

the middle of

the

tape

because

it

has

one

block

that

doesn't

CRC check

properly.

11

zz_

21

zz

yy

<D

8A

E2

<D

DA

E2

C8

77

23

E5

B7

ED 52

Bl

C8

18

F2

In

DE,wwzz

ID

HL,yyu

CALL

E28A

LOAD CALL

E2DA

RETZ

ID

(HL),A

INC

HL

PUSH

HL

CEA

SBC HL,DE

PCF

HL

RETZ

JR

l.CW)

;

finish

address

;uart

address

;

call

CM<J'lUI{

; c

all

INTAPE

;on

ESC, CNTRL-C,

etc.

;clears

carry

;fin

add=

strt

add

;l.CW)-$

in

some

assemblers

For

a more sophisticated version,

that

does

strip

headers

and

CRC bytes for

SAve

and

CSAVE

files

(not

CSAVE~

fila),

lee

the

nezt

listing

called,

"TOSCA"

(Tape

Out~t

Scau).

TOSCA

is

useful

for 10adinIJ BASIC, or machine

language

files

into

the

right

position

in

memory. For

BASIC

files

l you

will

have

to

manuall"

load

the end

addresl

of tile

file

(which

should

be

at

the end of three

consecutive zeroes which mark

the

EOF for

the

BASIC

proaram).

in

~emory

locations

187-188,

189-lBA,

and

188-

lBC.

Nme

tIlDes

out

of

ten,

the

header

information

in

front

of each BASIC

statement

will

be

intact

and

you

can

LIST

the

file

to

find

out

where

the

line

with the CRC

error

is,

and

correct

it

by

typing

in

the

line

correctly.

.

If

you

.get

the

line

.numbers

out

of sequence

(like

a 65404

In

the

middl~

of

the

100~'s),

rou

probably

will

be able

to

type

that

hne

over agasn With

the

correct

line

number.

However,

if

you

get

garbage

on

your

listing,

then

the

link

bytes have been damaged. These

arc

the

rirst

two bytes

af!er

the

zero

at

the end of each BASIC

statement.

The

third

and

fourth

bytes

after

the

zero

are

the

line

number

in

beL

If

they are damaged, you

will

have

to

trace

the

links

to

the

very

f~lIt

!>ne

at

01D5-01D6,

making

sure

they

point

to

the

nez

t

hnk

In

the

sequence,

that

each

is

preceded by a

zero,

and

that

no

other zeroes occur

in

the

core

area

occupied by

the

BASIC

file.

The

last

link.

points

to

the

00

00 00 BOF mark.

~or

more.

information

!>n

header

statements,

memory

pOinter

locations

and

funCtions,

and

tape

file

formats,

get

a copy

of

the,

"Software

Internals

Manual

for the

SoJarer",

put

out

by

Qaality

Software.

The

CSAVBo

format

is

not

ezplained

in

that

manual.

The

CSAVB·

format

iSI

four

D2H's

followed

by

the

core

~age

o~the

val.ur

i~

the.

array.

It

does

not

have any

1niorm!ltlon of

It

s c1imenslons,

block

length,

or name.

That

1~

!hr

~e

array has

.to

be

dimensioned

before

rou

CLOAD

It.

Since

the

tape

Image

contains

no

informatson

on

the

array'l

name,

the

first

array

you

position

to

on

the

tape,

will

be

loaded

into

the

array

specified

in

the CLOAD·

command. NOTB: Since

RUN

re-initializes

the

variable

space,

you

will

have

to

ule

GOTO

(line

number)

to

start

the

progum

(BASIC

doa

patch

it's

pointers

to

remember

it

made space

for

the

loaded

array).

Some

final

notes

on

the

two drivers:

NOTB

11

The

call

to

CMOTON is necessary even

if

you

don't

ule

motor

control

for your

cassette.

Ezidy's

procedure

at

the

end of

tape

handling,

or

errors

(at

least

In

the

Monitor),

is

to

call

CMOTOF.

One

of CMOTOF's

action.,

is

to

reset the

UART

to

300

baud

regardless of

the

SET

parameter.

CMOTON sets

the

UART

to

the

desired

baud

rate.

N~TE

2:

The

f~st

brte

dumped from

tape

using these

rouunes,

may.

be

shifted

eft

one

or two

bits,

as

the

UART

may

not

be

1n sync

yet.

Ez

ample:

The

first

D2H

(1101

0010),

in

~e.

first

array

I dumped, came out

MH

(1010

0100).

Th18

IS

the

same problem people have had with

the

s~ial

printer

driver

in

the,

"Technical

Manual".

It

works

fIDe for block

output

from

the

Sorcerer,

but

gets

out

of

sync

(sp.~adil:ally)

with

keyboard

input.

Ezidy software

only

verifies

that

part

of the

leaders

are

correct,

so

this

doesn't

cause any problems.

One

parting

question...

and

then

the

second

listing.

CLOADG

has

no

more etfect

that

CLOAD

in

my Sorcerer.

Is

anyone

using

CLOADG

for

autoload/execute?

And oh

yes, I appreciate

the

Monitor

listing

printed

in

the S.U.N.

I wrote a Z80 disassembler

in

BASIC,

but

alas,

no

printer

I

Even so, I

had

transclibed

the

video

output

for

the

first

lK

br

hand.

Along came

the

S.U.N. with the other 3K

to

p acate

my

weary

hand

and

brain.

1OSCA- A

Routine

to

Scan

Tape

Output

(06

nn

ID

B,

N)

;

optional

for

motor

control

Q)

SA

E2

CALL

E28A ;

call

ODI'CN

06 02 ID

B,2

;for

both

101

byte

hdrs

Q)

59

E7

CALL

E759 ;

call

HEADERCK

10

FB

D]NZ,-3

;

to

CALL

HEADERCK

21

zz

yy

11

zz

ww

Q)

DA

E2

C8

77

23

E5

B7

ED

52

El

C8

10 F2

Q)

DA

E2

18

ED

LOAD

In

HL,

yyzz

In

DE,

wwzz

CALL

E2DA

RETZ

ID(HL)

, A

INC

HL

PUSH

HL

aiA

SBC HL,

DE

PCF

HL

RET

Z

DJNZ

l.CW)

CALL

E2DA

JR

Lew)

;

start

address

;

finish

addr

es

s

;

call

INTAPE

; (ESC)

returns

call

er

;done

;load

256

bytes

;

d\DJDlY

CRC

re

ad

;

repeat

Jim

Burns,

2160

Matket

St.

Rm. 45

San

Flancisco,

CA,

94114.

PSEUDO

'PRINT

USING'

by Neil Barbu

to

The

routine

listed

below

is

one

that

I have used

to

overcome the SOIcerer's

lack

of

'PRINT USING'.

My

entry

routines are

usually

from cassette

but

I have

used keyboard

input

and

loops,

then

branch

hom

line

7190

to

a

columnar

printout.

5

REM

-

SAMPLE

ENTRY

ROUTINE

11iJ

LET

C=.25

21iJ

FOR

0=1

TO

11iJ

31iJ

LET

A=INT(11iJ1iJ*(Q*C)+.5)/11iJ1iJ

35

REM

-

NORMAL

PRINTOUT

41iJ

PRINT

A,

45

REM

-

FORMATTED

PRINTOUT

51iJ

GOSUB

71iJ1iJ1iJ

61iJ

71iJ

STOP

71iJ1iJ1iJ

REM

SUBROUTINE

-

FORMATTED

PRINTOUT

71iJ11iJ

LET

A$=STR$(A)

71iJ21iJ

LET

L=LEN(A$)

71iJ31iJ

IF

L=2

GOTO

7131iJ

71iJ41iJ

IF

MID$(A$,(L-1),1)=D.D

GOTO

711iJ1iJ

71iJ51iJ

IF

MID$(A$,(L-2),1)=D.D

GOTO

7171iJ

71iJ61iJ

GOTO

7l31iJ

7l1iJ1iJ

LET

B$=DIiJD

7l11iJ

GOTO

7l51iJ

7131iJ

LET

B$=D.IiJIiJ

D

7151iJ

LET

A$=A$+B$

7l71iJ

LET

L=LEN(A$)

7191iJ

PRINT

TAB(31iJ-L)1A$

7199 RETURN.

96

SORCERER'S

APPRENTICE

June 1 &

July

15,1982

• I

@

The

Making

of,

nDUBL:

A

DOGFIGHT

IN

SPACB n

by Bill Boucher

In

response

to

Don

Gottwald's

review

of,

"DUEL:

A

Dogfight

In

Space"

, this

article

describes the

techniques I used

to

produce

the

high-

resolution

displ

ays

in

the

game.

From the

start,

I

wanted

to

write a

video game

that

would

fully

use

the

Sorcerer's

graphics

capabilities.

Re-

alistic

action,

and

an

overall

good

look

were

my

prime

considerations.

DUEL is a game for two

players,

where each

player

controls

a

space-

ship,

and

earns

points

by blowing

up

his

opponent's

ship.

The

players,

therefore,

do

not

compete Wlth the

machine,

but

with

each

other.

The

ships

can

rotate

right,

or

left

in

22

1/2

0 degree

increments,

accelerate

forward,

and

fire

missiles, with each

ship having up

to

five missiles

on

the

saeen

at

one

time. Because there is

no

gravity

or

friction,

once

your ship

is

moving, there are

only

two ways

to

stop

it;

you

can

apply

thrust

in

the

reverse

direction,

or

get

blown

up

by

your

opponent.

A ship

encountering

the

edge of

the

saeen

wraps

around

to

the

other

side. A

space-probe

traverses

the

saeen

at

random

intervals.

Crashing

into

it,

costs

a

player

five

points,

while

destroying

it,

earns

the

player

a

five-point

bonus.

The

adjustable

parameters

in

each

game,

rotate

speed, ship speed, missile

speed,

and

firing

rate,

can

change

the

nature

and

strategy

of

the

game.

For

instance,

with

fast

ships

and

slow missiles,

the

ships

can

out-

maneuver enemy missiles, which is

not

possible

with

an

opposite

set

up.

The

ships,

positioned

on

the

full

240 x

512

pixel

grid,

move

smoothly

and

realistically!

and

because

the

back-

ground

startield

remains

intact

as

the

ships

pass

over

it,

there

is

no

visual

evidence

of

the

char

acter

grid.

The

explosions

are

detailed,

and

animated

with

flying

debris.

Because

of

the

complexity

of

the

program,

it

would

be impractical

to

describe

the

workings

of

the

program

in

every

det

ail.

So,

instead

I

will

give a

general

description

of

the key

routines.

This,

I hope, may give

the

reader some programming ideas

to

pursue.

The

program

redefines

the

graphics

character

used

for

each ship every time

it

positions

a ship

on

the

screen,

thus

making

possible

the

preservation

of

the

background

stars,

and

the

bit

position

of

the

ship. Whenever

the

program

moves a ship

on

the

screen,

the

following

takes

place:

1.

From

the

desired

location

on

the

saeen,

the

progr

am

copies

into

memory a

portion

of

the

stadield

(a

3 x 3

block

of

the

characters).

2.

The

program

positions

the ship

image,

stored

as

a 2 x 2

block

of

char

acter

s,

within

the

3 x 3

starfield

block.

It

does

this

by

shifting

the

ship image

~tes

to

the

correct

bit

position

an

ORing

them

into

the

copy of

the

star

fiel

d.

3.

The

program

loads

the

resulting

image

into

the

correct

area of

the

user

-char

acter

set.

4.

The

progr

am

then

puts

the

redefined graphics

characters

onto

the

screen.

June

1

&:

July 15,

1982

With

this

technique,

the

location

of

the

ship

is

not

hindered

by

character

boundaries;

the

ship's

center

can

be

placed

on

anyone

of the 240 x 512

pixels

on

the

screen.

The

code

that

accomplishes this

task

is

the

heart

of

the

program.

It

demonstrated

to

me

how

software

can

squeeze

the

most

out

of

a given piece of hardware.

The

explosions

are accomplished

in

a

similar

way.

There

are two

nine-

frame

animated

explosions

in

the

game.

The

program successively ORs

the

nine

images of

the

explosion

into

the

starfield,

and

then

puts

them

on

the

saeen,

resulting

in

a

starfield

continually

preserved behind

the

explosion.

The

basic

construction

of

the

progr

am

is a big

loop

of sever

al

subroutines.

Each

function,

such

as

ship movement, missile advancement,

explosions,

etc.,

has

its

own

sub-

routine.

This,

however,

aeated

a

timing

problem because

the

time

to

complete

the

loop

varied

as

the

amount

of

subroutme

activity varied.

To

solve

this

problem,

the

program

uses

the

serial

·output

port

as

a

timer:

at

the

beginning

of

the

loop,

it

sends

a

byte

to

the

serial

output

port;

at

the

end,

it

waits

for

the

"transmit

buffer

empty"

bit

to

change

before

returning

to

the

start

of

the

loop.

Thus,

a

constant

loop

time of about 30

milliseconds

was

achieved.

As a

final

note,

I

want

to

thank

Dave Grigsby who provided some

important

assistance

in

the

creation

of

the

high-resolution

ship

position-

ing

routines,

solved

my

timing

problem,

and

developed

the

random-

number

generator

used

to

form

the

starfield.

Thanks

also

to

Ron

Julian

of

Dayspring

Computer

Enterprises

who conceived

the

game's

introduction.

•

TIPS

by

Kent

Regal

1.

TIP

-When

inputting

many

print

statements

in

a BASIC

program,

it

is

not

necessary

to

use

closing

quotation

marks

at

the

end

of

each

statement.

Closing

quotes

are needed

at

the end of

the

last

PRINT

statement

only.

Such as:

400

PRINT"Words

405

PRINT"

that

you

410

PRINT"want

to

print

415

PRINT"such

as

text

in

a

420

PRINT"program

that

needs

425

PRINT"multiple

lines

"

This

method saves

the

hassle

of

putting

in

the

extra

quotes

and

probably

saves

program

space

as

well.

2.

TIP

-

The

Exidy

Word Processor

instructions

for

the

command mode

commands imply

that

they are

to

be

lower case

letters.

The

com-

mands

can

be

in

either lower or

upper case

on

my

system.

3.

TIP

-With

all

due respect

to

Arkay Engravers,

Inc,

I've chosen

to

use

small

embossed

plastic

label

letters.

The

initials

I

us,

remind me

of

what

key does

what.

SORCERER'S APPRENTICE

4.

TIP

-When

using

random

num-

bers,

the

binary

string

(i.e.

I,

2,

4,

S,

16,

32, etc.) produces the

same random number sequence.

This

can

be a problem when

trying

to

get a

different

strings

of random numbers.

5. REQUEST -

I'd

like

to

obtain

SoA.

Volumes

1-

& 2

on

a

loan

basis

since these

are

now

out

of

print.

I would pay

postage

both

ways

and

guarantee

they would be

returned

in

the

same

condition

as

received, by sending them

in

a

heavy duty

mailer

envelope.

Kent

Regal,

P.O. Box 47S,

Marshall,

WI

53559.

A SUPBR

PRINTBR

INTBRFACB

by

Ernest

E.

Bergmann

I

shall

describe how I have

interfaced

the

Epson

MX-SO

printer

(any

Centronics

compatible

printer

could

have been

used).

The

software

should

be

of

particular

interest

because

it

can

be

installed

for

use

with

both

the

BASIC

and

Development

ROM

Pacs.

The

software

provides

facilities

to

turn

on/off

the

printing

of program

output,

to

stop

and

resume

the

program's

output,

to

type

the

current

contents

of

the

video

screen

(without

disturbing

the

display

or

the

program),

to

send

special

control

characters

to

the

printer

(but

not

to

the

program

I

),

and,

even,

to

jump

to

the

Monitor

at

will.

I

shall

divide

my

description

into

several

parts:

how

to

use

the

interface;

how

the

software

works;

the

wiring of

the

MX-SO

printer;

and,

making your own

cassette

of the

software.

Using

The

Interface

Turn

on

the

computer

and

printer

and

en

ter

the

Monitor.

If

no

ROM

Pac is

inserted,

you

will

be

in

the

Monitor

to

begin

with.

If

you are

in

BASIC, type: BYE.

If

you are

using

the

Development

Pac,

"execute"

E003.

From

the

Monitor,

issue the

command,

"LOG",

and

read

in

the

cassette

that

cont

ains

the

interf

ace

software.

Since

the

file

is

very

short

(less

than

one

"page"),

the

program

loads

in

only

a

few

seconds.

One

ill

back

again

in

the

Monitor

(but

indeed

the

interface

has

been

instal-

led).

If

you need

to

return

to

the

ROM

Pac, you

should

now use

the

Monitor

command,

"PP".

You

could

do

what

you did

before,

and

not

see

any

difference.

Listing

Use a

control-P

to

turn

the

printing

on/off

of

the

output

that

is

going

to

the

video screen.

For

ex ample, suppose you are

using

BASIC

and

want

to

print

the

listing

of

your

program.

Type:

LIST

<control-P>,

carriage

return

<CR>.

The

listing

that

appears

on

the

screen is

appearing

also

on

the

printer.

When

the

listing

is

complete,

you may wish

to

type

another

control-P

to

prevent

further

output

from going

to

the

97

prinecr-.

St_tina

a

Stappq

Prcaaing

the

key

combination,

con-

tro1-S,

will

Itap

output.

Your

pro-

gr

am wBI

relllllDe

activity

aa

800n as

another

key

is

struck

(or

another

contro1-S).

Thi.

feature

is a

great

conven~ce

even

without

a

pdnter;

it

sure

beats

having

to

keep

the

RUN/STOP

key

conuantly

pressed

to

freeze

a BASIC

programl

During

the

pause

generated

by

the

control-S,

you

can

u.e

other

features

of

the

interface

.oftware,

such

as

the

control-P

or

typing

the

current

screen,

aee below:

Screen

D_p

It

often

happens

that

I

want

to

record

on

paper

what

is

on

the

screen

as

aecuratay

a.

possible;

to

take

a

"snap

abot"

of

the

screen.

I need

to

type

a

contro1-T

which causes

the

character.

at

ea~

location

on

the

screen

to

be

ezamined

in

turn,

and

output

to

the

pdnter.

Of

couree,

graphic

characters

wUl

not

be

handled

properly

by

the

printer,

but

what

can

you

ezpect?

The

eqhth

bit,

is

not

sent,

to

preserve

compatibBity

with

C~ntronics

printer

I.

Graphic symbols .

are

not

atandardized

in

any

cue.

Bsidai

A

contro1-

A causes a

jump

to

the

Monitor

warm

entry

point

(OE003H).

~t

is

uleful

in

places

where

condw-

In,

to

aecute

the

program

would

be

panful.

For

ezample,

the

editor

in

the

Devel~ent

Pac

does

not

have a

"fast

ait

,

10

I

type

control-

A

and

then

isaue

the

"PP"

command

to

re-

enter

the

ROM

Pac.

Spcdal

CAdCII

There

are

quite

a few special

character

lequences

that

can

be

sent

to

the

MX-80

pdnter

to

achieve

Ipecial

effects

auch l1li

condensed,

apanded,

emphasized,

and

double

pnnted

letters.

Sequences

also

aist

to

control

vertical

(line)

BJ?acinJ.

These

sequences

are

detailed

In

the

operation

manual

for

the

printer.

Usually,

I

want

to

send

these

sequences

to

the

printer

but

not

to

the

program.

To

do

'0, I

type

a

contro1-E.

A

"blob"

should

appear

on

the

Icreen

as a

"prompt"

indicating

a'

re'edines'

for

InpUt

01

the

special

char

acter sequence

that

is

destined

for

the

printer

only.

Then

I

trvc

in

the

.equence·

it

can

be

zero

to

fIVe

characterl

in

length

and

may

include

anr

control

codes except

control-M

[a

carriage

retUrn]

or a

delete

[Ihift-RUB].

The

sequence

is

'CIlt

to

the

printer

when either a

carriage

return

is

keyed or five

characterl

have beco

CIltered.If

I

have

mistyped

the

lequence,

I

can

re-

do

it

before

it

is

lent

to

the

pdnter

by

lcqing

a

shift-RUB.

For

aample,

I

might

wish

to

type

a

listing

that

is

more

than

80

columnl

wide,

10

I choose

to

usc

condcosed

type

that

supports

lines

up

to

HZ

columns

wide. According

to

the

MX-80

manual,

the

printer

should

be

lent

a

contro1-0,

80

I

type

control-E..

control-O

and

return.

That

is

all

that

is neededl

98

Because

typing

"blind"

is

incon-

venient

and

error

prone,

I have

written

the

software

so

that

the

characters

that

are

to

be

sent

to

the

printer

are shown

on

the

screen

as

they are keyed

in.

Since

the

control

characters

are

usually

not

displayed,

all

control

codes are converted for

display

purposes

to

an

up

-arrow

(A)

and

a

printable

character.

Thus,

the

control-O

of

the

above ex ample

would

be

represented

on

the

screen

as

n.

Software

I

wrote

the

software

so

that

the

machine code

would

fit

ex ac.tly

in

manory

between

3B1i

and

OFFH

on

page

o.

The

soltware

uses

manory

also

from 33H

to

37H

1

inclusive,

as

a

buffer

that

is

used

tor

the

"special

codes",

described above.

This

choice

was

made

to

be

compatible

with

space

that

is

normally

not

utBized

in

the

Sorcerer

when

the

BASIC or

Develop-

ment

Pac is

in

use.

To

provide

so

much

function

in

so

little

space, I

needed

to

"squeeze"

the

code as much

as

possible;

readabBity

and

modulari-

ty

have

had

to

be compromised

somewhat.

For

the

software

to

be

useable,

two

routines,

CHIN

(character

in)

and

CHOUT

(character

out),

need

to

be

patched

into

the

Sorcerer's

I/O.

Although

this

could

be

achieved

by:

SET

I=8A

SET

0=65

I was

able

to

squeeze

in

the

routine,

IOINIT

(I/O

INITIALIZATION) ,

which achieves

the

lame

reaul

ts

automatically.

It

is a

commendable

feature

of

the

original

Sorcerer

software

to

provide

patch

points

for

the

I/O.

Any

software

that

is

written

for

the

Sorcerer

should

call

locations

OE009H

(RECEIVE)

and

OEOOCH

(SEND).

Such

software

then

has

its

I/O

automatically

patched

by

the

Sorcerer

Monitor

to

the

current

input

and

output

devices.

By

having

control

over

I/O,

we

can

use

all

the

"services

II

described above.

Let

us

see how

it

is

done:

CHIN

This

~aracter

input

routine

must

behave

In

a

manner

analogous

to

other

Sorcerer

input

routines.

If

no

character

is

available

yet,

it

should

retUrn

with

the

Z-flag

set.

If

a

character

is,

or

has

been,

received,

the

Z-flag

should

be

reset,

and

the

character

should

be

returned

in

the

A

register.

CHIN

beg~n8

by

calling

the

KEYBRD

routine

in

the

Monitor.

If

no

character

is

pressed

then

KEYBRD

retUrns

with

the

Z-flag

set

and

CHIN

returns

also

with

the

Z-flag

set.

But if a

char

acter is pressed,

KEYBRD

returns

it

in

the

A register

and

CHIN

proceeds

to

see if

the

character

might

be

one

of

the

special

(continued

on

page 99)

BIGHT

DIGIT

FINANCIAL

TABULATOR

by

Frank

Voss

Sorcerer's

ROM

Pac

BASIC, having

only

6

significant

figure

accuracy,

is

a severe

handicap

if

one

wants

to

utilize

it

for

financial

programming.

To

maintain

dollars

and

cents

accuracy,

the

maximum

value

that

can

be

accommodated

is

_9999.99.

Hardly

useful

for

many

purposes

in

these

times of

increasing

monetary

figures.

Through

the

use

of

some programming

techniques, I have been able

to

expand

the

range

of

financial

figures

that

can

be accommodated

to

8

significant

digits,

thus

permitting

the

maximum

amount

to

be

increased

to

_999999.99

with

full

dollars

and

cents

accur acy.

The

method

that

I've

used

to

achieve 8

digit

accuracy

for

financial

figures

is

as

follows:

a)

INPUT

of

an

amount

to

the

program

is

as

a

string

instead

of

a numerical

value.

[A_l

b)

The

A_

is

dollars

and

[0_

Ill.

C_l

sep ar ated

into

its

cents

components.

c)

The

0_

Ill.

C _

are

converted

to

their

value

amounts.

[0

Ill.

C]

d)

The

appropriate

mathanatical

functions

arc

performed.

e)

The

resultant

values are converted

back

t

string

functions.

[TO_

Ill.

TC_l

f)

The

TC

_

function

is

formatted

for

missing O's.

g)

The

final

assanbled

string

functions

are made

available

for

display

or

printing.

[TO_;".";TC_l

I've

prepared

2

programs

as

part

of

this

article.

1)

The

FINANCIAL TABULATOR

SUBROUTINE

is

for

individuals

who

would

like

to

write

a more

expanded

program.

2)

The

FINANCIAL TABULATOR is a

formatted,

working

program

that

may be used

with

a

printer.

(Output

to

Centronics

bus.)

The

programs

as

presented

here

will

add

and

subtract

amounts

and

yield

a

resultant

total.

Multiplication

and

division

of

financial

figures

can

be

done

using

the

same method

I've

outlined

above

and

is

left

to

be

done

by

the

reader.

--------------------------------

Iil

REM

1

REM

2

REM

3

REM

4

REM

5

REM

6

REM

7

REM

FINANCI~

TABULATOR

SUBROUTINE

Frank Voss 1982

Box

43

wyandotte,

MI.

48192

This

program

is

to

be used

as

a

subroutine

for

a

larger

tabulating

program.

It

permits

8

digit

accuracy

for

SORCERER'S APPRENTICE

June

1

Ill.

July 15,

1982

o

I \

\,b

@

8

REM

financial

data.

This

means

that

values

to

$999999.99

9

REM

can be accommodated

without

error.

Subtractions

are

19

REM

entered

as

a

negative

number.

The

total

is

obtained

11

REM

by

entering

T

for

the

amount.

12

REM

29

INPUT"

ENTER

AMOUNT",A$

:REM

Enter

AMOUNT

as

a

string

259IF LEFT$(A$,l)="T"

OR

LEFT$(A$,l)="t"

THEN

l5f1l

:REM

Do

Total

3f1l

LET

L=LEN(A$)

35

LET

D$=LEFT$(A$,L-3

:REM

Extract

dollars

from

string

4f1l

LET

C$=RIGHT$(A$,2)

:REM

Extract

cents

from

string

45

LET

D=VAL(D$):C=VAL(C$)

:REM

Convert

to

numerical

values

5f1l

IF

LEFT$(A$,l)="-"

THEN

C=-C

55

L=LEN

(D$)

6f1l

PRINTTAB

(4f1l-L)

"$n

,D$,"."

,C$

8f1l

LET

TD=TD+D:TC=TC+C

:REM

Do

mathematical

operations

85

IF

TC>99

THEN

TC=TC-lfllfll:TD=TD+l:GOTO

lfllfll

86

IF

TC<-99

THEN

TC=TC+lfllfll:TD=TD-l

87

IF

TC<fIl

AND

TD>fIl

THEN

TC=TC+lfllfll:TD=TD-l

88

IF

TC>fIl

AND

TS<fIl

THEN

TC=TC-lf1lfll:TD=TD+l

If1lfll

GOTO

2f1l

:REM

Loop

for

another

input

15f1l

LET

TD$=STR$(TD):LET

TC$=STR$(TC)

REM

Back

to

strings

16f1l

IF

TC=fIl

THEN

TC$="fIlfll"

:REM

Format

TC$

for

fillS

162

IF

TC>fIl

AND

TC<lf1l

THEN

TC$=nfll"+TC$

163

IF

TC<fIl

AND

TD=fIl

THEN

TD$=D-fIl"

165

LET

TC$=RIGHT$(TC$,2)

18f1l

PRINTTAB

(3f1l)

"-----------------":REM

Display

total

185

PRINT"

TOTAL

AMOUNT

=",

19f1l

L=LEN(TD$)

195

PRINTTAB(40-L)

,"$",TD$,".",TC$

2f1lfll

RETURN

:REM

BACK

TO

MAIN

PROGRAM

o

REM

FINANCIAL

TABULATOR

1

REM

2

REM

Frank Voss 1982

3

REM

Box

43

4

REM

Wyandotte, MI.48192

5

REM

6

REM

A

formatted,

working program

for

use

in

tabulating

7

REM

financial

figures

to

~999999.99

8

REM

Subtractions

are

entered

as

a

negative

number.

9

GOSUB

250

10

PRINTCHR$(17):PRINT

15

N=N+l

20

PRINTCHR$(17)

:PRINT

25

INPUT"

ENTER

AMOUNT"

,A$

26

IF

LEFT$(A$!l)="Tn

OR

LEFT$(A$,l)="tn

THEN

150

27

IF

LEN

(A$)

(j

THEN

GOTO

225

30

LET

L=LEN(A$)

35

LET.D$=LEFT$(A$,L-3):LET

C$=RIGHT$(A$,2)

4f1l

LET

D=VAL(D$l:C=VAL(C$)

45

IF

LEFT$(A$,

)="-"

THEN

C=-C

50

L=LEN

(D$)

6f1l

FOR

X=l

TO

N:PRINTCHR$(lfll),:NEXT

X

7f1l

POKE

M,147:POKE

M+l,233

:REM

Output

to

printer

71

PRINTTAB(25-L)

"$",D$,".",C$

72

POKE

M,27:POKE

M+l,224

:REM

Output

to

video

8f1l

LET

TD=TD+D:TC=TC+C

85

IF

TC>99

THEN

TC=TC-lf1lfll:TD=TD+l:GOTO

If1lfll

86

IF

TC<-99

THEN

TC=TC+lfllfll:TD=TO-l

87

IF

TC<0

AND

TO>0

THEN

TC=TC+lfllfll:TD=TD-l

88

IF

TC>fIl

AND

TO<0

THEN

TC=TC-lf1lfll:TD=TD+l

If1l0

PRINTCHR$(17):PRINT

105

PRINTTAB(3f1l)

n "

110

PRINTCHR$(17):PRINT

120

GOTO

15

150

LET

TO$=STR$(TD):LET

TC$=STR$(TC)

16f1l

IF

TC=O

THEN

TC$="0f1l"

162

IF

TC>0

AND

TC<10

THEN

TC$="0

n

+TC$

163

IF

TC<0

AND

TO=0

THEN

TO$=n-0"

165

LET

TC$=RIGHT$(TC$,2)

170

FOR

X=l

TO

N:PRINTCHR$(10)i:NEXT

X

175

POKE

M,147:POKE

M+l,233

:REM

Output

to

printer

180

PRINTTAB(17)"----------------"

185

PRINT"

TOTAL

AMOUNT

=

",

188

L=LEN(TO$)

19f1l

PRINTTAB(25-L,"$",TO$,".",TC$

195

PRINT:PRINT:PRINT

20f1l

POKE

M,27:POKE

M+l,224

:REM

Output

to

video

2f1l1

INPUT"

Press

RETURN

for

another

tabulatlon."Q$

205

TC=0:TD=0:N=2:GOTO

10

210

END

225

PRINTCHR$

(23)

,"

IMPROPER

ENTRY,

00

AGAIN

!"

23f1l

FOR

T=l

TO

5f1l0:NEXT

T

235

PRINTCHR$(23)

,TAB

(35) " "

24f1l

PRINTCHR$(23),:GOTO

20

25f1l

N=2

260

M=PEEK(-4f1l95)*256+PEEK(-4096)

27f1l

IF

M>32767

THEN

M=M-65536

275

M=M-47

280

RETURN

~

June 1 &

July

15,

1982

SORCERER'S APPRENTICE

(SUPER PRINTER

cont'd

from

p.

98)

"commands"

which

start

with

con-

trol-P,

control-T,

control-

A,

or

con

trol-E.

If

the

char acter

is

one

of

these

four

possibilities,

CHIN

returns

with

the

character

in

A

and

the

Z-

flag

reset.

Now

let

us

consider

what

happens

if

one

of

the

four

special

control

characters

had

been keyed as

four

special cases:

If

control-P

(printer

on/off)

is

pressed,

control

passes

to

the

code

labelled

CP.

CP

examines a two

byte

piece

of

memory

called

OPATCH

("output

patch")

that

should

contain

either

the

address

OEO

lBH (which

is

the

Monitor's

video

output

routine,

that

I have

named

NOLlST)

or the

address OE993H (which

is

the

Moni-

tor's

"Centronics

driver",

that

I have

named

LIST).

Whkhever address

is

found,

it

is

replaced

with

the

other

address

-at

OPATCH. Having switched

from

LIST

to

NOLlST,

or

vice

versa,

CP

returns

control

to

CHIN

to

get

the

(control-P

"does-

n't

count").

In

order

to

preserve

the

HL

register

pair,

it

was necessary

to

save

it

with

PUSH

HL;

the

correspon-

ding

POP HL

is

to

be

found

at

CHINMI

("CHIN-I).

If

a

control-T

had

been selected

(to

type

all

of

the

screent.

control

would have passed

to

CT.

::iince

this

code

has

the

potential

of messing up

both

the

BC

and

HL

register

pairs,

they

are

both

pushed

upon

entry

to

CT.

CT

ends

by

running

into

CHINM2

("CHIN-2")

whkh

pops

these

registers

and

becomes CHIN

to

fetch

another

character.

First,

CT

sends

a form feed

character

(you may

whkh

to

save

paper

by

substituting

a

carriase

return,

ODH,

here

at

location

75H),

to

the

printer

and

then

enters

a

pair

of

nested

loops.

The

innermost

loop

(lines

74-7),

reads

and

prints

64

consecutive memory

locations

(one

line)

of

the

screen

RAM.

The

outer

loop

(lines

73-80),

invokes

the

inner

loop

and

then

prints

a

carriage

return;

it

repeats

30

times,

the

number

of

lines

on

the

screen.

If

a

control-"

was

pressed,

CHIN

jumps

to

OE003H,

the

warm

reentry

point

of

the

Monitor.

Last,

if

a

control-E

is

pressed

(to

send

special

char

acter sequences

to

the

printer),

control

passes

to

CEo

First

CE saves

the

registers

that

would otherwise

be

messed up.

Then

(starting

at

CE1,

line

95),

a

"blob"

char acter

is

put

on

the

screen

to

prompt

the

user

to

enter

the

special

sequence. This sequence

will

be

placed

in

a

buffer

first

so

that

I

can

correct

an

error

before

it

reaches

the

printer.

The

address of

the

buffer

is

placed

in

HL.

B

contains

the

maximum

length

of

the

buffer

(which

is

5)

and

C

contains

an

ASCII

carriage

return.

At CC

(line

99)

a

loop

is

established

which

calls

KEYBRD

until

a

character

is

received.

Ignoring

for

the

moment

that

the

character

might

be

a

carriage

return

or

delete

(shift-RUB),

the

character

is

placed

into

the

buffer

(line

105).

Br

comparing

the

character

with

a

bank

(line

107),

CE determines

99

whecba:

or

not

the chaI

actu

is a

control

code.

If

not.

a jump is made

to

N CTRL which echoes

the

chaI

actu

to

the

video

display

and

loops

back

to

CC

(unles.

this

was

the

fifth

charactu

placed

in

the

buffu).

If

.

the

received chaI actcr

had

been a

control

code.

then

lines

109-113

are

carried

out;

a

I'"

is

then

echoed.

and

the

charactu

i.

supplciDented by 40H

which

convuts

the

control

code

to

a

printable

charactu.

If.

during

input.

a 7FH (RUB) is

encountered then a jump back

to

CE1

i.

puiormed

to

start

on

filling

BUFFER

allover

again.

If

a

CR

is

encountued

it

illdicates

that

we

finished

filhng

the

buffu

and

want

to

tranllDit

its

contents

to

the

printer

l

" a jump

to

FIN

(line

117)

accomp isbes

that.

A

u.eful

entr.Y

point,

that

is

used

by

the

above .0fCWaIe. is PRINT

(line

49).

whkh

is

the

routine

that

outputs

the

charactu

in

A

to

the

printer

only;

all

registers

are

preserved. No

IIUch

routine

niscs

in

the

Sorcuerls

Monitor

.oftware.

The

closest

.em-

blence

is

at

LIST

(OE993H):

E993 F5

PUSH

AF

E994

CD1BEO

CALL

OE01BH

;video

out

E997

Althou8h

one

can

call

LIST,

one

cannot

call

OE997H

IUCcellfully

in

order

to

drive

the

printu

uclu81Vely.

because the

.tack

level was

altued

at

08993H.

Too

bad

the

CALL

and

PUSH

instruction

had

not

been

intercha

n8edl

CHOUT

has

the

respon.ibility

of

outputtins

the

char acter

in

the

A

rqlltu

to

the

video

and.

if

in

the

nu.tins

nate".

should

drive

the

printer

II

well.

Furthu.

it

.hould

Check

the keyboard for a

control-S

(to

immobilize outpUt).

In

all

cases.

all

reguter.

must

be

preserved.

CHOUT

SCarts by

calling

CTRLS.

which does

not

.ave

the

accumulator

or

£118"

CTRLS has the spccific

task

of

scanning

the keyboard

and

holdin8

up

the

works whenevu a

control-S

is

.en.ed.

CTRLS

returns

almOlt

instantly.

if

no

control-S

is

prClled.

After

control

is

returned

from

CTRLS". a jump

(line

64)

to

LIST

(0899311)

or

to

NDLIST (OEOlBH).

uka

place..!.,

complccing

the

function

CHOUT.

"!"De

jump addres8

i.

at

(PATCH,

whkh

is

over-written

by

CP

(when a

control-P

is pressed)

alternatively

with

the

two possible

addres.es.

This mcchod known

as

nimproper codingn•

i.

~osen

bccause

we need

to

con.erve memory space

at

all

COlt.

CTaLS

Obviousl". CTRLS (

line

130 )

should

be

dcacdbed

further.

I form a

control-S

by

first

prcaaing the CTRL

ker.

and

then.

the

S-key.

without

rclellin8

the

firn

key. CTRLS

outpUtS

first

a 3

to

the

keyboard

scannin8

port: (OFEH).

and

tests

bit:

Z from

that

.ame

port.

If

that

bit

is

.et

then

the

S-key

is

not

dcpres.ed

anJ

CTRLS rCCurn.

(line

135

).

Otherwise. a 0 is output

and

the

lime

bit

Z

i.

tested.

If

the

bit

is

set.

the

CTRL key

hllnlt

been depres.ed

and

100

ADOR

01234567

89AB

COEF

0030:

0040:

0050:

0060:

0070:

0080:

0090:

00A0:

00BI1J:

011JC0:

0000:

00EI1J:

00F0:

FF

19

97

36

C3

97

E9

E5

22

6B

00

18

80

F0

0E

IE

111J

F9

CD

40

28

C1

FE

14

3E

7F

CD

1B

B9

28

19

FE

3E

5E

CD

1B

0A

CD

1B

E0

00

18

F5

3E

OB

FE

E6

04

65

23

77

23

21

93

E9

3A

24

F5

CD

E3

3E

0C

CD

4F

00

20

F1

28

07

FE

IE

E0

21

33

00

7F

28

E9

77

E0

F1

CD

1B

40

21

33

00

03

FE

OB

C0

CD

18

E0

2A

00

F0

11 01

36

8A

23

77

C9

3E

00

F5

6B

00

BO

20

03

21

1B

E0

00

F1

C3

1B

E0 E5

C5

21

00

06

40

7E

23

CD

4F

00

C1

E1

CD

18

E0

C8

FE

10

CA

03

E0

FE

05

C0

E5

C5

01

00

05

CD

18

EI1J

28

FB

23

FE

20

30

11J9

C6

40

F5

E0

10

E0

79

CD

1B

E0

3E

70

B9

28

AC

7E

23

CD

4F

FE

E6

04

C0

3E

00

03

FE

28

FB

CD

8A

00

28

FB

C9

Oump

of

the

machine code

for

the

MX-80

printer

interface.

EXIOY

Z-80

ASSEMBLER

ADOR

OBJECT

ST

>007F

>11J11J33

>

0011J5

>0500

>I1JI1JI1JD

>E018

>0I1JFE

>000A

>000C

>E993

>E01B

>F080

>E003

>003B

003B

003E

0041

0042

0043

0045

0046

0047

0048

004A

004B

004C

8040

004F

0050

8053

0054

8057

005A

005B

0050

0060

0063

0065

0066

0069

006A

>086B

0060

006E

006F

2A00F0

1101FF

19

97

3665

23

77

23

368A

23

77

C9

3E00

F5

C397E9

E5

2193E9

3A6B00

BO

2003

2l1BE0

226B00

1824

F5

CDE300

F1

C31BE0

E5

C5

2188F0

0001

0082

0083

0804

0805

0806

0887

0008

.************************************

,

.*

*

,

,*

MX-80

INTERFACE

by

E.E.

BERGMANN

*

,*

May 24, 1981 *

.*

*

,

,************************************

0809

BLOB

0010

BUFFER

0011

BUFLEN

0012

BUFB

0813

CR

0814

KEYBRD

0015

KEYPRT

0016

LF

0017

FORMFD

0818 LIST

0019

OOLIST

0020

SCREEN

002l

WSTART

PSECT

Fl;lU

ASS

7FH

33H

5

508H

00H

0E018H

8FEH

8AH

0CH

0E993H

0E01BH

8F880H

0E003H

,RST6+3

,BUFLEN*100H

;VIDEO+MX80

;VIDEO

ONLY

;WARM

RESTART

8822

0823

0024

0025

USEFUL

ENTRY

POINTS:

8826

0027

8828

0029

0838 ,

0831 IOINIT

0032

0033

0834

0035

0036

8037

8038

0039

0849

0041

0042

0043

0044

0845

0046

0847 ,

0048

CRPR

0049

PRINT

8058

0051 ,

0052

CP

PUSH

0053

0054

0055

0856

0057

0058

STHL

0059

8060 ,

0061

CHOUT

0062

0063

0064

0865

OPATCH

0066

,

0867

CT

0068

8069

GLOBAL

CHOUT

GLOBAL

CHIN

GLOBAL

IOINIT

GLOBAL

PRINT

ORG

3BH

;AFTER

RST7

;WILL

PATCH

'!HE

I/O

WI'!H

;CHIN

AND

CHOUT

;

IN

'!HE

INTERESTS

OF

SPACE,

;IOINIT

DOES

NOT

SAVE

REGISTERS

LD

HL,(0F008H)

LD

DE,0FF92H+3FH

ADD

HL,DE

SUB

A

,PAGE

0

LD

(HL)

,CHOUT

INC

HL

LD

(HL)

,A

INC

HL

LD

(HL)

,CHIN

INC

HL

LD

(HL)

,A

RET

LD

PUSH

JP

A,CR

AF

LIST+4

;MX-80

ONLY

HL

LD

CP

JR

LD

JR

PUSH

CALL

POP

JP

Fl;lU

PUSH

LD

;CTRL-P

HL,LIST

;TOOGLE

A,

(OPATCH)

L

NZ,STHL-$

HL,OOLIST

(OPATCH)

,

HL

CHINM1-$

AF

CTRLS

PRINT

AF

NOLIST

$-2

;

OVERWRITTEN

HL

;CTRL-T

BC

;TYPES

SCREEN

HL,SCREEN

SORCERER'S

APPRENTICE

JWIC

1 & July 15,

1982

()

f ,

" J

0072

0074

0076

0079

007B

007C

0070

0080

0082

0085

0086

0088

0089

008A

0080

008E

0090

0092

0094

0096

0098

009B

0090

009E

009F

00M

0M2

00AS

00A8

00AB

00AE

00B0

00Bl

00B3

00B5

00B7

00B8

00B9

0rilBB

0rilBO

0rilBF

0rilC0

00C2

00C5

00C6

0rilC9

00CB

00CC

ril0CF

0001

0004

0005

0008

0009

000A

000C

0000

ril00E

00El

>00E3

00E3

00E5

00E7

ril0E9

00EB

00EC

00EE

00Fril

rilrilF2

0rilF4

00F5

00F8

00FA

0rilFO

00FF

0EIE

3E0C

C04F00

0640

7E

23

C04F00

10F9

C04000

00

20Fl

Cl

El

CD18E0

C8

FE10

28Cl

FE14

2807

FEIE

CA03E0

FEril5

C0

E5

C5

3E7F

CDIBE0

213300

010005

CD18E0

28FB

B9

2819

FE7F

28E9

77

23

FE2ril

30ril9

C64ril

F5

3E5E

CDIBE0

Fl

CDIBE0

10Eril

79

CDIBE0

3E0A

CDIBE0

40

213300

7D

B9

28AC

7E

23

CD4Fril0

18F5

3E03

03FE

OBFE

E604

Cril

3E00

03FE

OBFE

E604

C0

CD18E0

28FB

C08Mril

28FB

C9

ERRORS=0000

BLOB

0137F

BUFLEN

131305

CEI

00M

CHINM2

0088

CR

0000

CTLI

0079

FIN

00CC

KEYBRD

E018

LIST

E993

NXPR

0008

SCREEN

F080

WT

00FA

JW1e

1 & July 15,

1982

0070

0071

0072

0073

CTLl

0074

CTL2

0075

0076

0077

0078

0079

0080

0081

CHINM2

0082

CHINMI

0083

CHIN

0084

0085

0086

0087

0088

0089

01390

0091

0092

0093

CE

0094

0095

CEI

0096

0097

0098

13099

CC

13100

0101

0102

0103

0104

0105

0106

0107

0108

13109

0110

13111

0112

0113

0114

NCTRL

0115

0116

0117

FIN

0118

13119

01213

0121

13122

NXPR

0123

13124

0125

0126

0127

0128

0129 ;

01313

CTRLS

0131

0132

0133

0134

13135

0136

13137

0138

13139

13140

0141

YES

ril142

ril143

WT

0144

0145

0146

BUFB

CC

CHIN

CHOUT

CRPR

CTL2

FORMFO

KEYPRT

NCTRL

OPATCH

STHL

YES

lINT]

[INT]

LO

LD

CALL

LO

LD

INC

CALL

DJNZ

CALL

OEC

JR

pop

POP

CALL

RET

CP

JR

CP

JR

CP

JP

CP

RET

PUSH

LO

CALL

LD

CALL

JR

CP

JR

CP

JR

LD

INC

CP

JR

ADO

PUSH

10

CALL

POP

CALL

DJNZ

LD

CALL

LD

CALL

10

LD

CP

JR

LD

INC

CALL

JR

10

OUT

IN

ANO

RET

10

OUT

IN

AND

RET

CALL

JR

CALL

JR

RET

C,30 ;#LINES

INSCREEN

A,

FORMFO

PRINT

B,64

;#

CHARS/LINE

A,

(HL)

HL

PRINT

CTL2-$

CRPR

C

NZ,CTLl-$

BC

HL

KEYBRD

Z

10H

;CTRL-P?

A,CP-$

14H

;CTRL-T?

Z,CT-$

lEH

ieTRL-l?

Z,WSTART

5 iCTRL-E?

NZ

HL

BC

A,

BLOB

NOLIST

HL,BUFFER

BC,BUFB+CR

KEYBRD

Z,CC-$

C

Z,FIN-$

7FH

;REOO?

Z,CEl-$

(HL)

,A

HL

, ,

NC,NCTRL-$

A,4rilH

AF

A,'

I'

NOLIST

AF

NOLIST

CC-$

A,C

NOLIST

A,LF

NOLIST

C,L

;SAVE

POSITION

HL,BUFFER

A,L

C

;AT

OLO

POSITION?

Z,CHINM2-$

A,

(HL)

HL

PRINT

NXPR-$

iCHK

FOR

CTRL-S

A,3

iIF

SO

WAIT

(KEYPRT),A;ELSE

RETURN

A,

(KEYPRT)

4

NZ

A,ril

;CTRL?

(KEYPRT)LA

A,

(KEYPR'l')

4

NZ

KEYBRD

iWAIT

NOW

z,

YES-$

CHIN

Z,WT-$

;STILL

PAGE

0

050ril

BUFFER

0rilAB

CE

0ril8A

CHINMI

0ril65

CP

0040

CT

007B

CTRLS

0033

009E

0ril89

ril053

01360

00E3

003B

000A

ErillB

rilll4F

EIl03

ril00C

lOIN IT [INT]

ril0FE

LF

00C6

NOLIST

0ril6B

PRINT

[INT]

0060

WSTART

00F5

SORCERER'S APPRENTICE

a

return

is

made

(line

140).

Thus

if

a

con

trol-S

is

keyed,

the

point

I

abdled

YES

(line

141)

is

reached.

This

point

is a

loop

that

keeps

calling

KEYBRD

until

all

keys

are

rdeased.

Flow

continues

to

a

second

loop

labdled

WT

("wait").

The

progr

am

is immobilized

here,

until

a

character

that

is

passed

on

by

CHIN

is

received.

The

placement

of

CHIN

in

this

loop

enables

me

to

use

the

commands

activated

by

control-E,

_A,

-T,

and

_Po

MX-SO

Hardware Interface

The

Epson

MX- 80

printer

appears

to

be

a very

versatile

printer,

and

consequently,

more

confusing

to

connect.

I made up a

paralld

interface

cable

with

a

57-30360

(Amphenol or

Cinch)

plug

at

the

printer

end,

and

a

DB-25P

plug

at

the

computer

end,

for

the

paralld

interface

socket.

Between

the

plugs,

I

used a six

foot

length

of 12

conductor

cable

that

I

had

lying

around.

These

are

the

connections

I

chose

finally:

EXIDY MX-80

REMARKS

1,8,25

9,14,19-30

Ground

2 10 MX- 80 ack.

4 1

Exidy

data

str.

5 8 Bit 6

6 7

Bit

5

7 6

Bit

4

16 2 Bit 0

17 3 Bit 1

18 4 Bit 2

19 5 Bit 3

The

grounding

of

Exidy

25

means

that

there

is never a flBUSY"

signal.

The

MX-80

9

must

be

grounded,

because

the

printer

expects

an

8th

data

bit

(normally

a

zero),

whereas

the

Sorcerer

provides

only

7

dat

a

bits

with

its

Cen

tr

onics

inter-

face.

The

MX-80

14

is

grounded

so

that

the

printer

will

line

feed

automatically

after

receiving a

car-

riage

return

character;

the

Sorcerer

driver

fil

ters

out

the

L F

char

acter.

The

Cusette

The

preferable

way,

of

course,

to

generate

the

machine

code,

is

to

start

with

the

assembly code

and

assemble

it.

Since

you may

not

have

the

patience

nor

the

assembler, I have

produced

a dump of

the

machine

code

that

can

be

entered

using

the

Monitor

command,

ENter.

After

entering

the

hex

values

into

the

memory

locations

3BH

through

OFFH,

issue

the

com-

mands:

SET

X=3B

SAVE MX80

3B

FF

Of

course,

your

cassette

recorder

should

be

set

up

to

record

the

saved

program.

While

you

are

at

it,

.why

not

record

the

progr

am

sever al

tunes

over.

That

way

you

are

less

likdy

to

"lose"

the

progr

am,

and

you

will

not

need

to

rewind

the

cassette

so

frequently.

Incidentally,

installing

motor

control

for

the

cassette

recoIder(s)

is

well

worth

the

effortl

The

recorded

cassette

can

be

used

with

a

simple

"LOG"

command.

This

printer

software

will

become

your

constant

companionl.O

101

.--------FOR

THE EXIDY

SORCERERTM-----.

I

• • •

A Dogfight

in

Space

• a real-time graphics game for two players

• written in machine language for the Exidy Sorcerer™

• graphics characters continually redrawn for smooth, high-resolution movement

• each ship realistically accelerates, rotates, and fires

• 16K required

• $20.00 for cassette (includes shipping) •

==

We

think you'll like it!

P.O.

BOX

1 91 0 • E U G

ENE,

0

REG

0 N

97440

• ( 5 0

3)

689·7409

102

SORCERER'S

APPRENTICE

,.

,

, I

cc

@

HARDWARB

NOTBS

by

Russell Flew

Sevaal

issues back I wrote a

column

about

the

S-100

Box

and

its

signals.

I

mentioned

that

I was wodcing

on

genaating

the

PHANTOMI

signal

fOI

the

SOlcela.

I have

since

leceived

many

lequests

fOI

infolmation

on

how this

signal

might be used

to

expand

memory beyond 64k.

The best method I've

seen is an

imprcwemen

t

on

the

traditional paging

method. The technique

I'll

describe frees

\{I

the

most significant address

bit and therefore allows

each page

to

have a

full

64k of

RAM.

Since the

technique adds 8 bits

to

the

address bus,

\{I

to

256

pages can be addres-

sed.

Most

importantly,

the hardware is

tr

ana

-

parent

to

existing

soft-

ware.

zoo

CPIJ

two

instruction

codes

for

LD

A,(BC)

and

LD

(BC),A. Once

these

instructions

are fetched,

the

contents

of the LS273

page-regista

are added

to

the

Z-80's

16

bit

address bus

ex

tending

it

to

24

bits.

The

is

then

executed

at

the

newly defined page. When

MIl

goes

to

logic 0

at

the

flip-flop

is cleared

and

the

program resumes

at

page 0

in

main

memory. This technique

does

still

confine

program memory

to

the

56K of

RAM

that

n

DEtrDBo

LD

IBC},

A

or

.,.cs.tIcllG

c~.

::::

/'

the

Sorcaer

has

at

page 0,

but

it

allows

ova

16 megabytes of

data

memory with very

little

hardware

ova-

head.

Design

considaa-

Let

me

state right

up

front

that this

is

no

min«

modification.

It

is

intended for the

ex

perienced computerist

with a strong hardware

background and the right

equipment.

It

involves at

least

8 additional chips

that

must

be

timed and

buffered correctly

so

as

not

to

interfere with the

Sorcerer's

n«mal

opera-

tion. I outline

it

here

as

a

"think

piece"

only.

A suitable modification

for the main logic board

and S-100 box would

still

have

to

be worked

out.

illT'

r.T,~

,_

~

Clur

LDA.(8CI

'--

__

-'-

__________

--'~

FIIP"IIOp

J.1""ructiOntMcl"l~-.l

"not

tions

that

should

be

kept

in

mind

include

the

need

to

pick-up

most of these

signals

inside

the Sorcerer.

While

the

S-100

box

has

the

free address

lines

to

ex

tend

the

addressing

to

24

bits,

those

8

addition

al

lines

will

have

to

be

carried

out

of

the

Sorcaa

on

anotha

flat

cable

and

buffaed

into

the

Expansion

Box. Also,

don't

for-

get

that

the

expansion

bus is

non-selected

wheneva

the

main

logic

board

is active.

I

........

G.toG.-1<CLS04

o.t..G,too.-74l.U7

a..

0

..

10

0.,-74827

Since the

mostslgnlflcantaddre.s

bills

not required

to

define local or main memory, this hardware

modlflcallon will permit the addressing

of

up

to

64

kbytes

by

the ZSO'sU·blt address (a). Only two Instrucllons

are required to address the enllre main memory, as shown

In

the timing diagram (b).

Diagram

reprinted

with

pamission

from

Blectronic

Design,

Vol.

29,

No. 20;

copyright

Hayden

Publishing

Co.,

Inc.,

1981.

1 hope this apploach

helps

some

of

you who

are

trying

to

add more

memory.

This

method

of

memory

paging

for

the

Sorcerer, seems

to

involve

the

least

chip

count

and

has

the

The

technique

centas

on

the

bit

pattan

of two

instructions,

and

the

MIl

cycle.

If

you

look

at

both

the

timing

diagram

and

the

schematic, you

will

see

that

when

the

clock,

MIl,

at

MREQI are

all

low,

the

flip-flop

will

be

set,

00000010

or

00001010

is

on

the

data

bus.

Evay

time

the

MIl

signal

is

logic

0, we know

that

an

instruction

is

being fetched.

The

two

binary

numbers

correspond

to

the

USING

ML

ROUTINBS

FROM

THB

BASIC

PAC

by

Bill Boucher

(This

article

is

reprinted

from

the

May, 1980 issue of

the

S.U.N.)

For those

of

us

into

machine

or assembly

language,

found

seva

al

useful

subroutines

in

BAS

IC.

A

routine

at

D015

will

output

to

the

screen

the

ASCII

string

starting

at

the

memory

location

specified

by

HL.

The

string

must

be

taminated

with

a 00.

Ex

ample

routine

calling

DO

15:

0000 21 07 00

SA"IHI

ID

0003

CD

15

J:X)

CALL

0006

C9

RET

0007

48

MSGI

"H"

0008

45

"E"

0009

4C

"L"

OOOA

4C

"L"

OOOB

4F

"a'

HL,M)Gl

J:X)

15

jSet

HL

to

string

;Call

output

subr.

;Start

of

string

OOOC

00

KP

;End

of

string

Anotha

routine

at

D7BB

convats

the 16

bit

numba

in

the

HL register

pair

to

decimal

and

outputs

it

to

the

screen.

Ex

ample

calling

the

routine

at

D7BB:

0000 21

01

01 DECDJI' ID

HL,010lH

;HL=257

decimal

0003 m

BB

OJ

CALL

D7BB

jConvert

&

displ.

0006

C9

RET

Bill

Boucher, 1740

California

St.

#7,

Mount ain View,

CA,

940400

distinct

advantage

existing

software.

of causing

the

least

disruption

to

This

concept was

originally

devdoped by Henrique Malvar

Department

of

Electrical

Engineaing,

University

of

Brazil

and

was

originally

discussed

in

Electronic

Design

magazine.

Our

thanks

to

him for

sharing

his ideas

••

MBRGB

by

James E. Cooper

Jr.

I wrote

the

following

routine,

to

be

able

to

use

programs

like

Tom

Bassett's

modification

of Devin

Trussel's

RENUMber

program

(SoA.

Vol.l,

No.5),

without

having

to

type

it

in

every time.

Since

I

only

had

8K

of

memory

at

first,

using

Tom's

MERGE

program

(in

BASIC),

plus

RENUM,

left

me

with

practically

no

room

for

my

own

programs.

The

whole

reason

for

using

named files

is

to

make

keeping

track

of them easy. With every

MERGE

program

on

whICh

I have

obtained

information,

unless

it

was

disk-based,

you

had

to

position

the

tape

at

the

beginning

of

the

file

to

be MERGED.

Last

but

not

least,

that

extra

typing

needed,

such as:

EN

1 B 7 <CR>

and

etc.

is

for the

birds.

So I came

up

with

my

own MERGE.

Loadins

Instructions:

From

BASIC: type

---

CLOADG MERGE, <CR>.

From

the

Monitor:

type

-

LOG

MERGE, <CR>.

MERGE

loads

from 10H

to

F3H,

and

sets

the

input

vector

to

101i,

the

same as

typing

SE

1=10

while

in

the

Monitor.

I chose

for

MERGE

to

load

at

10H because my

Sorcaa

likes

to

"chew

up"

the

first

few

bytes of memory when I

push

the

RESET

buttons.

Operating

Instructions:

I made this

part

as

simple as I

could

(mainly

because

I'm

lazy).

When you

load

MERGE,

it

takes

ova

with

its

keyboard

input

routine,

which

just

checks for three CTRL

June

1

&:

July

15,

1982

SORCERER'S

APPRENTICE

103

--

-~---~---------------------------

key ..

whkh

uen't

used for

anything,

and

returns

everything

el.e.

MERGE

looks

for

the

following keys:

CTRL-B

:

Disables

MERGE.

You must use

this

key before

you

run

any

program which POKEs

into

low

memory. Otherwlle,

strange

things

happen,

even-

tually

causing

BASIC

to

cruh

if you POKE

in

the

wrong place

•.

CTRL-R

: Recovers a program

after

you have typed NEW,

CLOAD, or

hit

RESET.

Thi.

works

only

if

your

program

hun't

been destroyed by random POKE.

or

.tack

overfiow.

NOTB:

If

you

want

to

MBRGE

something

to

a

program you've

loaded

from a tape, I suggest you

use CTRL-R

to

readjust

the

end-of-program

pointer

before you

MERGE

anything

to

it.

The

reuon

for

this

is

that

standud

BASIC adds a

byte

to

the end of a

pro~r

am

every time you

c;SAV~

it.

In

other words,

if

lou

save a program

fiVe

tunes,

the

lut

copy wil have four

eztra

bytes

at

the

end.

These

eztra

bytes keep

MBRGE

from working

correctiy.

CTRL-R

drops these

ez u a

bytes.

CTRL-B

:

Bztend.

the program

~

MERGBing. When you

press CTRL-B, there won t be any visible chanBe

ezcept

that

CTRL-B,

CTRL-R,

and

CTRL-E

will

five! ?SN BRRORS, u

if

MERGE

had never been

Ollded.

When

you press CTRL

-R,

the

screen

.hould

show a amall flicker, however brief,

but

no

other visible signs

that

it

worked. However, when

you press

CTRL-E,

you

will

see:

Unit

# , Name ? -

di~layed

on

the screen

(or

whatever your

input

dev~e

happens

to

be).

You now have several

opuons:

1)

Hit

<CR>.

The

defaults

take

over

and

MERGE

the

fir.t

program from

tape

drive

#1.

2)

TYPE:

1,

<CR>. Same effect u 1.

3)

TYPE:

2,

<CR>.

MERGEs

the

first

program

from

tape

drive

#2.

4)

TYPE:

1,

'file

name' <CR>.

This

will

MERGE

the

program

'file

name' from

tape

drive

#1.

EXAMPLE:

To

MERGE

PROG1

from drive

#1,

TYPE:. 1,

PROG1

<CR>

5)

TYPE:

2,

'file

name' <CR>. . Same

option

u

#4,

ezcept

it

uses

tat'e

drive #2.

If

you use a

filename,

you

must

Include

the

drive

unit

#1

After you

hit

<CR>,

MERGE

will

turn

on

the specified

(or

defaulted)

drive

unit.

Then,

if a

file

name

wu

given,

it

will

.earch

the

tape

for

the

correct

file

and

MERGE

it

with

the

program

in

memory. Otherwise,

it

will

simply

MBRGB

the

nezt

file

on

tape

to

the

program

in

memory.

MERGE

adjusts

ALL

pointers

in

memory,

so

there's

no

more worrying about

typing:

0

REM,

then

delete

line

0 -

then

uying

to

remember whether or

not

you already HAD a

line

O.

Caution.

I

.UI

that

MBRGE

will

recover

your

program

after

you

wah

RESET.

This

is Uue

oolf

if you give

input

control

&ac:k

to

MERGE.

You

can

do this

in

one

of three waysl

1)

Go

to

the

Monitor

and

SET

I = 10H,

the

stut

of

MERGE.

2)

Go

to

the

Monitor

and

type

GO

E7.

MERGE

will

.et

the

input

vector for you.

3)

From

BASIC

type

the

following

line

<substitute

numbers for the

n's):

POKE

nnnn,

16: POKE

nnnn+1,o

<CR>.

IMPORTANT:

the

above

must

be

on

one

line,

or your

Sorcerer

will

hang

up,

meaning

you

will

have

to

RESET

it

again.

For 8K, 'Dnnn = 8146

For

16K,

nnnn

= 16338

For 32K,

nnnn

= 32722

For

48K,

nnnn

= 16430

You

must

be

cueful

about the programs you merge.

MERGE

doesn't

cue

what

type

of

program you

tell

it

to

get,

.0

you

must

keep

uack,

or

you'll

wute

a

lot

of time

re-typing

destroyed programs.

Whatever program you merge MUST have

line

numbers

greater

than

those already

in

memory,

or

the merge

will

be

useless

and

will

use up precious memory.

CTRL-B

CTRL-R

CTRL-E

CCIIIIJIla.d

Summary

= Disable

MERGE

and

return

to

BASIC

= Recover program

and

reset

pointers

=

Eztend

program by MERGEing

Merging

with

unit

# and name.

Works

with

Monitor

Ver

1.0,

and

Standard

BASIC

Ver

1.0

(Other

vers

ions

of

Moni

tor

and

BASIC

not

tested

as

yet.)

Copyright

(C)

1981

by

J

au

Cooper

Jr.

Equates,

in

Alphabetical

order:

;

BLADJ

BPJ3N)

BPSIO

<NIME

<INV

~

QU.F

cnu.B

cnu.E

cnu.R

FClN)

GE'IH)

GBI'IY

IDPRI'

KEYID

KNIN

MJn::N

PRINI'

SKlPF

TZMIM

IQJ

~

EQJ

IQJ

EQJ

IQJ

~

EQJ

IQJ

CRG

START

EQJ

;

CALL

JR

CP

JR

CP

JR

CP

RET

RSETI

CALL

;

ID

RET

RECDV

ID

CPIR

ID

0IlCK

ID

CR

JR

10

INC

ID

EX

JR

PNI'R

EX

INC

JR

lm:.E

IQJ

CALL

ID

CALL

PUH

CALL

PCP

10

ID

CP

CALL

ID

CP

OC3ElH

187H

lD5H

OE264H

OE23m

om

<E205H

2H

5H

12H

OE4CA1i

<E7lJ1-1

CD1A2H

OE6DJH

OE011H

OEl3Ali

OE28AH

OElBAH

OE7341-1

OE7FBH

10H

-

KE\'ID

;BASIC

LINE

POINIER

ADJUIT

;

J3N)-<E-PRCGRAM

sn:RAGE

;BASIC

PIOiRAM

S1(RAGE

; FIN) FILE

NAME

IN

IN'tJr

;A~I1

10

HEX

IN

DE

;CARRIAGE

~

;SJ3N)

~

1HEN

LF

10

aJIPtJr

;<INIRCL-B

;<INIRCL-E

;<INIRCL-R

•

FClN)

MESSAGE

~GET

FILE

HEADER

FR<M

TAPE

;

FIN)

MVA,

pur

rr IN

IY

;PRINI' FILE

HEADER

;KEYBQAlI)

INPUT

;KNIla

INPtJr

;Q\SSElTE

MJ'I(R

eN

;KNlla

'SIN>LINE'

;SKlP FILE

eN

TAPE

;TAPE

10

MIM:RY

TRANSFER

Z,SI'ART-_

cnu.E

Z,MERGE-_

cnu.R

Z,RECDV-_

cnu.B

;KE\'

PRESSID?

;N:>, 1RY

AGAIN

; <INIRCL-E?

;

YES

,MERGE

;<INIRCL-R

;YES,

RE<IMlR

PRCGRAM

; <INIRCL-B?

NZ

GBI'IY

HI.,KEYID

(IY+41H),L

(IY+42H),H

A,O

HI.,BPSlO+4

Be,O

(BPSTRO)

,HL

A,H

L

Z,PNI'R-_

frL

(HL)

D,

(HL)

DE

,HI.

0IlCK-_

DE

,HI.

HL

SIt:BE-_

-

QU.F

HI.,MSi

PRINI'

GBI'IY

IY

KNIN

HI.

E,l

A,

(HL)

~

NZ,a:NV

B,E

~

;N:>,~

10

BASIC

;FIN)

lIWA

;KEYBQAlI)

INPUT

RClJfINE

;IDN BITE

;HI<H BYIE

;

INPUT

IS

N:lV

'KE\'ID'

;BITE

10

FIN)

;

VHERE

10

LCXJ(

;I.CXK

'TIL

lQ.N)

fX)

ITI

;SE<IN>

LINE

START

;PIOi

J3N)?

; YES,

RESIt:BE

POINIER

;POINr

10

NEXI'

LINE

;GETEID

IN

HI.

;

+1

BYI'E

;ADJUST

POINIERS

&

~

;SKlP A

LINE

;SI'ART

~

MESSAGE

;PRINI' rr

;NEID

pm

M:MN

; & LA1ER

;GET llirr # &

NAME,

;

IF

/tN'l

;MVA

IN

HI.

;CASSETIE

1

IS

DEFJU.LT

;

INPUT

;ANY?

;YES,

GET

DRIVE

#

IN

E

;OIHERWISE,

DRIVE

# 1

; IS

1H\T

ALL

1HE

INPUf?

104 SORCERER'S

APPRENTICE

June

1 &

July

15,

1982

o

@

TAP

IN

;

RE1PT

;

FSKIP

SEI'I

JR

PlSi

CALL

PCP

ID

DEC

PlSi

lD

PtB-I

EX

CR

PlSi

EX

PUSH

CALL

PUii

CALL

ID

CR

JR

Pl&i

lD

CALL

PCP

PUSH

IR

JR

Pl&i

PCP

lD

CP

INC

JR

DJNZ

JP

CALL

PCP

lD

ID

DEC

AID

ID

PCP

IP

PUSH

CALL

PCP

JR

JQJ

DEFB

CALL

lD

ID

RET

Z,NEKI'-_

Be

<NAME

Be

DE,(BPIN»

DE

HI.,RE1PT

HI.

AF,AF'

1

AF

AF,AF'

AF

au.F

MJn:N

DE

G£IH)

A,(IY+50i)

A

Z,LQ\D-_

HI.

HI.,FClID

PRINI'

IDPRT

HI.

DE

AF

Z,TAPIN-_

C,TAPIN-_

IY

IX

B,5

A,

(IX+471i)

(IX+57H)

IX

NZ,FSKIP-_

NLCXP-_

TZMIM

au.F

HI.

E,

(IY+5Bi)

D,

(IY+5Bi)

DE

HI. ,DE

(BPIN),HI.

(BPIN>+2)

,HI.

(BPIN)+4 ) ,HI.

HI., (BPSIO)

DE

BIADJ

DE

SKIPF

I DE

FLCXP-_

-

'u'

'n'

,

i'

't'

, ,

'#'

, ,

" ,

'N'

,

a'

'm'

,

e'

'?

'

, ,

o

GIITIY

HI.,SI'ARI'

(IY+41H) ,

(IY+42H),H

]WIe

1 & July 15,

1982

;

YES,

I'D

NAME

;<NAME

DESTRmS B

;GIIT

NAME

KR

FI

LE

;

IDMERGE

;GET

DRIVE #

BACK

;GIIT

IN)

CF

PIO:i

; &

SAVE

FeR

I.AlER

;RE'll..mI POINI'

FRCM

;

TAPE

L<ID

;SAVE

IT

; PlVIECf FlAGS

; lU5ET Z FlAG

;MEANS

-

IXN'T

A1JIO

• EXEaJIE

~GE1'

FlAGS

BACK

; JlNK,

BUT

NECESSARY

;Z

MEAt<6

I'D

NAME

;SKIP

A

UNE

;SI'ART DESIRED TAPE DRIVE

;SAVE

LOID

AIDR

;GET

HEADER

FR04

TAPE

;0iECK

FILE

1YPE

;SET FlAGS

;SKI P

HEAOOR

PRINI'

;SAVE

FeR

I.AlER

;PRINI'S

"KlN)

-"

;IDINI'IFV

FILE

10

UiER

;

RES'It:RE

LOID

AIDR

;

NAME?

;SAVE

AG\IN

;N),

MERGE

1HIS

CNE

;PUI'

IY

;

IN

IX

;NAME

LlNiIH

;

aMP

ARE

INPUI'

;

10

NAME

WANI1D

;\\KNG

NAME,

SKIP

FILE

;OK

SO FAR, KEEP

a-mcKINi

;MATQ-l

-

MERGE

PIO:iRRof)

;SKIP

ANOIHER

LINE

;

FI

RSI' PIO:i

IN)

;GET # CF BYrES IN

2nd

;

PRaiRAM

;

-1

FeR

MEM:EY

A1DR

;

IN)

CF

MERGID

PIO:iRRof)

.

IN

HI.

;SI'ART CF

VARIABLES

; SI'ART CF

ARRA'~

;SI'ART CF

FREE

MEM:EY

;AIDR

CF

2nd

LINE

;ADIUSf

SI'ACK,

WE

;

\\tN

'T

RE'I1.:RN

;ADJUSf

UNE

POINTERS

AN)

;

RE'll..mI

10

BASIC

;<DMAID

LEVEL

;

SAVE

LQID

AIDR

;SKIP FILE

;

RES'It:RE

LOID

AIDR

;FILE

LCXP

;FHD

MNA

;BBlINNINi

OF

MERGE

;lJJN

BYI'E

;HIGi

BYI'E

;INPUI'

NQ'l

'Sf

ART

, •

RBLOCATBD

W-PAC

MODIFICATION

by

Terry

L.

Calvert

This

is

a

short

modification

for

the

relocated

WP

program

that

allows

users

to

store

and

recall

text

on

cassette.

The

beauty

of

this

modific

ation

is

that

it

is

shorter

than

the

existing

READ

and

WRITE

commands

in

the

WP,

and

stores

teu

in

Exidy's

standard

program

format,

rather

than

the

WP

format.

To

use

the

modific

ation:

1)

Enter

the

new codes

at

the

addresses

shown.

(For

a

WP

at

8000H,

the

first

digit

would

be

'9').

2)

You

may

zero

out

the

rest

of

the

command

areas:

6BB9-6BFB

and

6C83-6CAD.

These

areas

can

now

be

used

for

other

commands,

additional

workspace,

or

left

blank.

3)

Only

Unit

#1

is

used

to

save

and

read

programs,

but

a

unit

no.

must

still

be

entered

after

the

f

rom~t.

This

can

be

changed

by

changing

these

ocaUons:

6C60:

21

BO

6C

6C6F:

21

BO

07

delete

the

'#/'

han

praDpt

points

to

beg

inning

storage

input

of

nane.

4)

Use

the

Wand

R

commands

in

the

WP

as

normal

and

enjoy

qukker

response

from

your

Sorcerer.

Credit

belongs

to

R.

Henne

for

pointing

out

the

use

of

the

AUTOLOAD

and

AUTOSAVE

routines

in

the

Monitor

in

his,

"Mini-Word

Processor",

in

the

Book.

of

Scm:uy,

Vol.

V.

6B9C:

6B9D:

6B9E:

6B9F:

6BA0:

6BA2:

6BA4:

6BA7:

6BAA:

6BAB:

6BAE:

6BB0:

6BB2:

6BB3:

6BB4:

6BBS:

6BB6:

6C36:

6C37:

6C38:

6C39:

6C3A:

6C3C:

6C3E:

6C41:

6C44:

6C48:

6C4C:

6C4F:

6C52:

6C55:

6C58:

6C59:

6C5A:

6C5D:

6C60:

6C63:

6C66:

6C69:

6C6C:

6C6F:

6C72:

6C75:

6C77:

6C78:

6C7A:

6C7C:

6C7D:

6C7E:

6C7F:

6C80:

6C83:

6C84:

F5

C5

D5

E5

DO

E5

FD

E5

CD

60

6C

21

78

6C

E5

21

F6

5D

06

02

3E

01

B8

F5

37

3F

C3

2D

E0

F5

C5

D5

E5

DD

E5

FD

E5

CD

60

6C

CD

A2

E1

FD

36

ED

5B

4A

07

01

00

07

FD

71

50

FD

70

51

21

78

6C

E5

C5

21

F6

5D

C3

2A

E0

21

AE

6C

CD

89

5C

21

B0

07

CD

77

SA

11

D8

7F

21

B2

07

01 05

00

ED

B0

C9

FD

E1

DD

E1

D1

C1

F1

C3

1B

SF

00

PUSH

AF

PUSH

BC

PUSH

DE

PUSH

HL

PUSH

IX

PUSH

IY

CALL

6C60

LD

HL,6C78

PUSH

HL

LD

HL,5DF6

LD

B,02

LD

A,01

CP B

PUSH

AF

SCF

CCF

JP

E02D

PUSH

AF

PUSH

BC

PUSH

DE

PUSH

HL

PUSH

IX

PUSH

IY

CALL

6C60

CALL

ElA2

LD (IY+4D),D7

LD

DE,

(074A)

LD BC,0700

LD

(IY+50),C

LD

(IY+51),B

LD

HL,6C78

PUSH

HL

PUSH

BC

LD

HL,5DF6

JP

E02A

LD

HL,6CAE

CALL

5C89

LD

HL,07B0

CALL

5A77

LD

DE,7FD8

LD

HL,07B2

LD

BC,0005

LDIR

RET

FOP

IY

FOP

IX

FOP

HL

POP

DE

POP

BC

POP

AF

JP

5F1B

NOP

SORCERER'S APPRENTICE •

105

III

HELP

III

SOJlCBRBR'S APPRENTICE

Needl:

ok

Artidal

'*

AdftrtilcmClltl1

'*

A NEW

EDITORI

'*

If

you

can

help

with

any of

the

above,

please

contact

us

at

P.O.

Box

33,

Madison

Heights,

MI,

U.S.A.,

or.

by

phone:

Don

Gottwald

(313)

286-9265;

01

new editor

only,

Ralph

LaFlamme

(318)

856-4954.

ASTROHOMY

PROGRAMS

lIARS -

Distance

and

angular

diam. of

Mars foz any

date;

date

and

details

of

nezt

opj)osition

fol-

lowing

any

date.

1110

MVBN -

Phase,

distance

and

angul

ar

diam.

of

Mercury

and

Venus foz

any

date

and

nezt

elongation

after

any

date.

jl10

MBItVB-

Graphkal

~lay

of Mercury

and

Venus

relative

to

Sun

for

aeries

of

time

intervals;

distan-

ces,

etc.

for

any

date.

jl10

PRlSB-

Rwngl

or

settings

of

Mercury

and Venus before or

after

the

Sun

for

any

location

and

date.

jl10

RlSBS-

Times of

rising,

transit,

and

settings

for

any

planet,

Sun,

01

Moon

for

any

location

and

date.

1110

SSTAIl-

Dates,

radiants,

etc.

of

annual

meteor shower.

and

graphkal

display

for selected

month.

1120

JSATS-

Displays

configurations

of

Jupiter's

satellites

for

any

date

and

time or I.cries of

dates

and

tima,

N or S

at

top.

1110

BCUP-

Givcs

date

and

magnitude

of

nezt

umbral

eclipse of Moon,

starting

any

year

and

continu-

ing

foz as

long

as requested.

1"

PLTTN-

AIlk

for

any

Ilanet

or

Sun

on

any

date

an

program selects

and

displays

a

star

map and

plotll

planet

plus

any others

and

Moon

if

in

same

region.

With or

without

RA

and

Dec

grid,

and

plots

a series for

.elected

time

intervals.

Identi-

fies

atara.

Indkates

phase

of

Moon.

"20

BADBC-

Gives

RA

and

DEC

for

planets,

any

date.

'15

1tADCM-

Giva

RA

and

DEC

for Moon,

any

date.

"10

SUPN-

Plots

stars,

planets,

Sun,

and

Moon visible above

norizon

at

any

time

and

date

in

Northern

or

Southern

Hemisphere

to

85

deg.

lat.

,,2'

BOOK

of

listings

of 20

lIIIJuonClllllical

progremo

with

photos

of screen

displays

'25

plus

'3.50

postage

and

handling

-(,7

overseas).

(A

self-addrcssed

envelope

for

details.

Available

for

Astrologers

also.)

(Overseas, add jl2 per order,

for

Airmail)

Brk

Burgess. F.R.A.S.,13361

Frati

Lane,

Sebastopol,

CA

95472

106

RANDOM

I/O

by

Don

Gottwald

Jack MacGrath of Tercen

tennial

Technkal

(see

his

ad elsewhere

in

this

issue) is

willing

to

provide Level

II

BASIC

on

cassette

or

Mkropolis

Mod

II

formatted

diskettes for

'3

plus

postage. Send him a

cassette

or

a FORMATTED disk

along

with a

money order or check

for

,3.

Don't

forget

to

include

postage.

C.

Rkhard

Stelling

of 1501

Dial

Court,

Springfield,

IL 62704,

is

looking

for

good

prkes

on

used

Mkropolis

Mod

II

driva.

He

also

needs CP/M

for

the

Vista

drive.

Computer

Dynamks,

105 S. Main

St.,

Greer,

SC

29651

(803)

877-7471,

is offering 5 Megabyte

Shugart

SA-

1002 Winchester

Hard

Disk

Drives for

only

,600.

Supposedly,

it

is

a

snap

to

interface

with

the

Western

Digital

WD1000-80

Controller,

whkh they

sell

for

,500.

Interfaca

are

avail-

able

for

the

S-100,

IBM.,

STD

Bus

and

others. CP/M mOl) is

also

available.

Call

or

write

(SASE) Bill

Star

at

COL

If

anyone

does

interface

the

Sorcerer

to

one

of

these

drives,

please

let

us

know so

we

can

publish

the

raults.

Kevin McCabe, a member of our

group,

has

co-authored

a

~ook

':In

Sorcerer

programs.

The

title

18,

"32BASIC

Programs

for the

Eddy

Sorcerer".

It

is

written

by Tom

Rugg, Phil

Feldman,

and

Kevin

McCabe,

and

is

published by Dilithium

Press.

It's

a vcry good reference book

for

beginners

and

experts

alike.

Highly

recommencled

for

your

library.

There

are

several

new

books on

the

Z-80

mkroprocC8sor

on

the

market.

If

you would

like

to

know more

about

the hardware aspects of the

Z-80,

and

how

it

relates

to

Assembly Language

.

programming,

try,

"Z-SO

llHrll

Ma-

nual",

by Joseph

J.

Carr,

(publish~

by

Reston; prsce

,10.95).

There 18

also,

"Z-SO

Microcomputer

Design

Pl[ojects", by William Barden

Jr.,

(Howard

Sams

Book;

prke

'13.95).

This

book

takes

you step by

step

through

the

construction

of a minimal

system using

the

Z-SO mkroprocessor.

In

addition

to

learning

about

the

Z-

80 hardware,

you'll

also

learn

how

to

program

in

Assembler.

There

are

many

proj

ecta

(most

under

,50.00)

listed

using

just

a Z-SO

and

a

few

other chips.

This

book,

although

not

specifkally

about

the

Sorcerer,

will

gready

aid

your

understanding

of

the

hardware

and

software

aspects

of

the

Sorcerer.

Have you

tried

the

game of

'DUEL'

yet? With

the

new version, you

do

not

have

to

'LO'

and

then 'GO

100',

you

can

just

'LOG'

it

and

it'll

be

ready for two

players

to

live

out

their

Starwars

fantasy.

The

gr aphics

in

this

game

really

are

astounding.

(See ad elsewhere

in

this

issue).

Have you been

getting

keybounce

lately?

Do

you

hit

a key and

no

letter

appears

on

the

screen? Both of

these problems may

be

due

to

dirty

key

contacts.

To

clean

them,

discon-

nect

the

power,

then

very

carefully,

pry

off

the

keycaps using a

small

screwdriver. With a

fine

burnishing

tool

(available

at

most

hobby

stores),

gently

burnish

the

contacts

while

holding

the

key down with a

SORCERER'S APPRENTICE

screwdriver.

(NOTE:

To

prevent

da-

mage

to

the

fingers

on

the

contacts,

make sure the screwdriver

only

touches

the

plastic

frame and

not

the

contacts

themselves). A

few

strokes

str

aight

up and down

should

do

it.

Do

not

twist the

contacts.

Replace

the

keycap and you should be back

in

business minus the

annoyances.

Newmar Computer

Supplies,

55

Salem

Street,

Lynnfield,

MA

01940,

tel.

(617)

245-7960{

has

some very

good

prkes

on a arge variety of

diskettes.

Call

or

write

Frank

Stout

f or the 1

atest

prkes.

Cary

Stewart,

529 S. Beachwood

Drive, Burbank,

CA

91506,

tel.

(213)

843-1101,

(editor of the Southern

California

Sorcerer User Group News-

letter

-SASE for

copy-)

is

organi-

zing

a group purchase

of

parts

for

blank

S

-100

cards

to

be purchased

from either

Bryan

Wagner or

South

Valley

Electronks.

Contact

him

if

you're

interested

in

partkipating.

A

preliminary

estimate

placa

the

cost

in

the

area

of

_50.

By

the

way,

South

Valley

Electro-

nics of

Santa

Clara,

CA

will

also

do

Exidy repairs.

See

pa~e

71

of

SA

Vol.

4,

issue #3 for

theu

address

and

telephone

number.

We

would

like

to

encouralle our

friends,

both

inside

and

outside

the

U.S.,

to

submit sources for

repairs,

puts

and other hardware

and

soft-

ware items

of

interest

to

Sorcerer

owners.

We

want

to

compile a

listing

of where members

can

obtain

servke and

supplia.

Dr.

William Mahaffey of P.O. Box

756,

Norfolk,

VA

23501,

wants

to

sell

his

new

and

untrieu

Austr

alian

Stringy

Floppy

with

Sorcerer

PROM

for

'175.

Write

to

him for

partku-

lars.

Allyn

H.

Fisher writes

that

his

experiences

paralleled

Erk

Zorawo-

wkz's

(see,

"The

Computer System

Evolution",

in

issue

4.3),

in

almost

ever

r

detail.

Allyn

has had a good

dea

of

trouble

with

his

Vista

V-200

drives. They have

only

worked about

two weeks out of the 20 months

that

he

has

had

them I He

thanks

J

adt

MacGrath for

his

help

in

getting

and

keeping

his

system

running

••

4th

TIP

by

Timothy

Huang

Managing FORTH(.COM) Files

As

many

of

you already

know,

the

FORTH

concept

is

very

different

hom

other

computer

languages

to

whkh

you have been exposed. I

think,

therefore,

that

it

is a good time

to

answer

one

reader's

question

about

how

to

use

my, "And So FORTH"

package.

As

I see

the

question,

it

should

be

re-phrased

to:

"How does

one

manage

FORTH

files?",

or "How

do

you use

FORTH?"

With other

languages,

such

as

BASIC, FORTRAN, or

PASCAL,

we

have

the

I anguage (either

Interpreter

or

Compiler),

various

utilities

(Edi-

tor,

Assembler, Debugger,

Linker/-

Loader,

etc.),

and

the

progr

ams.

There

are

clear

cut

differences

between them.

No

one

will

mistaken-

ly

use

the

utility

module

to

interpret

a

program.

No

one

can

mess up

the

June

1 & July

15,

1982

o

application

program(s)

or the

lan-

guage

with

which they were

written.

This,

however,

is

not

the

case

with

FORTH.

AB

a

matter

of

fact,

we

never use

FORTH

to

write

any

"program",

because

there

is

no

FORTH

program.

There is

no

clear

cut difference

between

FORTH

itself

or

its

exten-

sions

(Saeen

Editor,

Debugger, As-

sembler

and

applications).

All of

the

"tensions

are simply

layers

of

FORTH,

l"ust

like

the

onion·

adding

another

ayer while

its

growing.

Every time

we

write

something

with

FORTH,

we

are

not

writing

something

ezternal

or

foreign

to

FORTH

but

an

"tension

of

it.

Therefore, we

don't

write

"programs",

rather,

we

extend

FORTH.

But

for

most

of

you

who

still

possess

strong

residual

feelings

about the

traditional

sense of

"program",

I'm

willing"

to

make

the

fOllowing compromise:

A FORTH

"program"

is an

"tension

of

itself,

and

is

written

in

FOR TH.

With

this

modified

definition,

we

can

still

use

the

term

"program"

to

illustrate

our

points.

In

the

"And

So

FORTH"

package,

there are two FORTH

files.

The

first

is a

bare

bones

FORTH(.COM).

This

is the

kernel

portion.

The other is

the

eztended

BIGFORTH(.COM).

In

order

to

avoid

possible

confusion

between

the

two,

I'll

call

the

first

FORTH

and

the

second BIGFORTH.

The

current

version of FOR

TH

is

a

machine

executable

program

operating

under CP/M.

The

names

are

appen-

ded

with

the

memory

size

and

are

called

FORTH32K.COM

and

FORTH-

48K.COM.

This

file

should

be

kept

as

small

as

possible.

Anything which

is

not

absolutely

essential

should

be

left

out

to

avoid unnecessary over-

head.

You'll

see

the

reasons

for

this

later.

The

FORTH

files

are

each

about

8K

long.

Of

course they

can

be

trimmed

further,

if

necessary.

The

BIGFORTH

file

is

an

enl

arged

FOR

TH

file

whose memory size

is

indicated

as B48FORTH.COM

or

B32-

FORTH.COM.

On

top

of

the

FORTH

file

I added

(pre-compiled)

the

following

"programs":

(a)

Screen

Editor,

(b)

DIS-forther,

(c)

TRACEr,

and

(d)

misc. words.

BIGFORTH

is

primarily

intended

as

a development system

rather

than

a

final

"pro,ram".

AB

you

can

see,

those

additions

are

handy

tools

for

the

development of

final

application

program.,

but

have

nothing

to

do

with

whatever the

application

pro-

grams are.

The

Screen

Editor

enables

us

to

write

source

programs

(saeens),

and

after

LOADing

the

screens,

DIS-

forther

and

TRACEr

allow

us

to

debug, disassemble

the

compiled

words,

and

tr

ace

the

ex

ecution of the

program(s).

Other

utilities

can

be

added

as

needed.

Thr

Assembler is

one

good

candidate,

if

we

need

the

speed of

execution.

Thus,

we

can

have

many

versions of BIGFORTH,

each customized

for

a

particular

development requirement.

Unfortu-

nately,

due

to

the

short

sighted CP/M

file

naming

convention,

we

are

limited

to

only

8

characters

for

the

file

name. You may have

to

be

creative

to

maintain

separate

BIG-

FORTH

file

identities.

ABsuming

that

you

were commis-

sioned

to

write a Super Duper Word

June

1

at

July

15,

1982

Processor

progr

am"

here

is

how

you

could

use

the

'And

So

FORTH"

package:

1.

Boot

up

BIGFORTH

containing

the

Saeen

Editor.

2.

Type

in

the

Super Duper Word

Processor source

saeens

to

a new

disk, assuming

that

you have

already developed the source

program.

3.

LOAD

the

Super Duper Word

Processor

on

top

of

BIGFORTH.

While

the

source

is

compiling

any

typo

or

undefined

word

will

terminate

the

compilation

(load-

ing).

If

necessary, go back

to

the

Saeen

Editor

and

make

all

the

syntax

corrections.

4.

LOAD

the

source

again

on

top

of

BIGFORTH

and

try

to

execute

the Word Processor. You may

discover some

logic

bug..

Use the

TRACEr

and

DIS-forther

to

help

debug the

program.

Go

back

to

the

Screen

Editor

to

make

the

logic corrections or enhancement

modifications.

After

this

step

you

have a debugged version

01

the

Super Duper Word Processor.

5.

Now, you

can

boot

up the FORTH

file

and

then

LOAD

the

debugged

source program

on

top

of

it.

Remember,

the

Word Processor

"progr

am"

will

be

compiled

on

top of

the

bare

bones FORTH.

6.

Now,

to

save your new

aeation.

The

most

straight

forward

way is

to

adjust

the

boot-up

parameters

and

save

the

FORTH

plus

WP

by

LOADing

Saeen

40

(set

cold

start

parameters)

and

41

(provide

CP/M

SAVE

information)

from

the Screen

Disk

I.

You

can

now

create

a WORDPROC.COM

file

for CP/M.

7.

If

you ex amine

the

practice

des-

cribed

in

step

6,

you'll

see

that

your

product

contains

an

8K

FORTH overhead.

Since

the

Word

Processor

portion

may

only

con-

tain

4K,

you

wind

up with a

"program"

·three times as

long

as

the

application

alone.

Besides

being a

possible

copyright

in-

fringement

of

the

FORTH

pack-

age,

this

combination

also

gifts

someone a FORTH which a novice

ma},

then

unintentionally

get

all

fouled

up.

8.

One

intermediate

solution

to

this

dilemma

is

to

hide

the

FORTH

overhead

in

the

application

pro-

gram.

The

definition

and

usa,e

of

the

word

HIDE

is provided

In

Chapter

14 of nAnd So

FORTH".

By

doing

so,

the

danger

of

the

novice's messing

up

FORTH is

removed.

One

word of

caution,

however.

If

this

trick

is

not

usea

properly,

you

can

be

sealed

out

too.

The

system may

also

aash

without

warning.

9. Even

with

the

FORTH overhead

hidden

in

the

application

pro-

gram,

it

still

carries a

lot

of

unnecessary

dead weight.

This

is

the

reason

for

keeping

the

FORTH

file

as

small

as

possible.

Your dilemma is having the

convenience of as

many

words

available

as

possible

verses

the

size

of

the

final

overhead. A

compromise must be

found.

The

FORTH

file

contains

those words

that

I

thought

were

essential

for

general

applications

with

the

SORCERER'S APPRENTICE

Sorcerer. You may have a

dif-

ferent

requirement.

10.

The

ultimate

solution

is

to

strip

off

all

unnecessary

portions

from

the

total

program

packa~e.

The

name

fields

and

hnk

flClds of

all

words

can

be

removed as well

as

all

unused

FOR

TH

words.

Essentially,

what

you

have

left

in

this

OJItimized package are:

the

FORTH lOner (address)

interpre-

ter,

the

Word Processor words

and

some absolutely required

I/O

words.

The

outer (tell:

t)

inter-

preter

also

may

not

be needed.

Thus,

the

final

overhead

can

be

as

small

as

several hundred bytes

(such

as

the

one

used

in

the

Craig

language

translator).

With

this

approach, you can even

ROM

the package.

On

top

of

that,

if

anyone

tries

to

disassemble your

code, they

will

have a

lot

of

fun

trying

to

figure

out

ex

acdy

what's

going

on.

(Think

about

trying

to

disassemble a

bunch

of

routine

addresses I )

This

process

is

called

Meta-compiling,

Tar~et

Compiling,

or

Cross-Compiling.

It's

a more advanced subj ect,

and

we'll

not

worry about

it

now.

The

final

product of met

a-

compiling

could

no

longer

be

FORTH

but

a pure

application

program.

Of

CGUIse,

we

can

generate

a

better,

newer version

of FORTH or BIGFORTH

by

this

same process.

This

is

something

that

other

languages

cannot

dol

Some of

you

may aak, "Why use

FORTH

to

write

program(s)

in

the

first

place?

Why

not

use Assembly

language

or

somethin,

on

a lower

1 evel ? "

The

answer

IS

very simp Ie.

Since

FORTH is a very

high

level

language,

it

is

much easier

to

accomplish

the

job

f aster

than

with a

low level

language.

The

execution

speed

will

be

only

minimally

sacri-

ficed

(about

1-2

times

longer

than

pure assembly equivalent, while BASIC

programs

run

about

30-50

times

slower),

and

it

will

not

require other

run

time

utility

~rograms

to

execute.

By

contrast,

in

using

a

language

such

as BASIC, or even CBASIC, our

application

program

cannot

be

made

stand-alone.

We

always need some-

thing

else

to

run

the

program

(CP/M

to

run

a compiled BASIC program, a

BASIC

interpreter

to

run

an

interpre-

tive BASIC

~rogram,

CRUN

to

run

pro~r

ams

written

in

CBAS

IC).

In

addition,

these overhead

utilities

are

getting

bigger

and

bigger.

(The

Exidy

Extended

BASIC takes

up

20+K

of memory I With

that

kind

of

memory,

FORTH

can

handle

a

2-user

system

I).

FOR

TH

can

be

thought

of as a

user

expandable

high

level macro

assembler.

If

we

think

about

it,

our

familiar

Z80 CPU, was provided

with

a

fized

set of

instructions.

We

have

no

choice

but

to

accept

the

instruc-

tions

provided even

though

some of

them may

be

useless

to

us.

On

the

other

hand,

FOR

TH

is

a

virtual

language,

with a set of

instructions

which

can

be

"panded.

Assembly

language

is

very powerful,

but

a

pain

in

the

neck

to

use.

FORTH

over-

comes

the

pains

but

keeps

the

power

of a macro assembler. With

this

different

concept

of

programming,

we

can

understand

why

we

never write

FORTH

"programs"

in

the

traditional

sense.

We

don't

have

to.

We

just

expand

to

include

those desired

instructions

I

This

is

beau

tifull.

107

Members of the Soreerer's Apprentice User's Group are en

titled

to

8 issues of the

group's Newsletter, the SORCERER'S APPRENTICE; the services of

the

library; access

to

its

on-line

CP/M based Computer Bulletin Board Service; other services as they

become available.

MEMBERSHIP

RATES

for 1982:

USA

-bulk

post~e

-$18,

1st

class

postage

in

an

envelope -$24;

Canada

&:

Mexico -$24;

single

ISSUes

$3;

all

others -

air

mail -

$32,

single

issues $4.

BACK

ISSUES:

PJlOGBAMS:

Sorcerer's

Apprentice

Vol

III

(1-8)

S.A.

Vol.

III

(per

issue)

Personal

Accounts

Payable

SystEm

(PAPS)

(3

diskettes,

Micropolis

Moa

II

format)

$12.00

$

2.50

$50.00

Sorcerer

Telecommunications SystEm (STS) $30.00

(Tape

modEm

program

to

access

and

transfer

CP/M

programs. (See

issue

4.2,

p.

32)

ov.se.

orda's

for back issues add $4 per volume or $1 per issue

to

cover

additional

air

mail postage

and

handling.

Commereial advertisers, please

contact

us for advertising rates.

Non-eommaeial

classified

ads

are accepted

at

the

rate

of $1 per 35-column

line

or

part-line.

Make checks

o~

orders

(only

in

US

funds drawn

on

a

US

bank) payable

to:

SORCERER'S

TleE.

N~

Items may be submitted via the

MiniCBBS

on the Sorcerer-based

RCPM

at

(313) 535-9186R

(ringback),

the SOURCE (TCF656)"

or

MicroNET (70150,,365),

on

Word

Processor cassetfes or CP/M

Word

Processor/Editor files

on

Micropohs

Mod

II

hard-

or

soft-

sectored diskettes

(any

of these preferred) or hardcopy. Magnetic

media returned upon request. Hardcopy

will

be returned

if

requested

and

accompanied by SASE.

SEND

ALL

COBRESPONDENCE TO:

SORCERER'S APPRENTICE

P.O. Box 33

Madison Heights, Michigan 48071

U.S.A.

BULK

RATE

U.s.

POSTAGE

PAID

WYANDOTIE

MICHIGAN

48192

PERMIT

NO.

23

RETURN

AND

FCRWARDING

POSTAGE

GUARANTEED

®

Sorcerers_Apprentice_V4N4_Jun1982 Sorcerers Apprentice V4N4 Jun1982

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