Proxim Wireless U53-45 UNII Radio User Manual 3 1 Shipping Container

Proxim Wireless Corporation UNII Radio 3 1 Shipping Container

Contents

User manual

INSTALLATION ANDMAINTENANCE MANUALDS-3 (45 Mbps), wayside T1LICENSE-FREE RADIOS5.3/5.8 GHz (U-NII, LE-LAN)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000iInstallation and Maintenance ManualCopyright (c) 2001 by Western Multiplex Corporation. All rights reserved. No part of thismanual may be reproduced without prior written permission from Western Multiplex.The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice. WesternMultiplex shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequentialdamages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this manual or equipmentsupplied with this manual. Western Multiplex makes no warranty of any kind with regard tothis manual or any equipment supplied with this manual, including, but not limited to, theimplied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.Heliax is a registered product of Andrews Corporation.Fireberd is a registered product of Telecommunications Techniques Corporation.Printed in the United States of AmericaNotice: Y2K (Year 2000 Issue)All software supplied by and for Western Multiplex products adheres to the four-(4) digityear nomenclature as required for Year 2000 compliance.Western Multiplex Corporation1196 Borregas AvenueSunnyvale, CA 94089-1302TEL : (408) 542-5200FAX : (408) 542-5300P/N: MAN-27701Issue: January 2001
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000iiThis page intentionally left blank
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000iiiRegulatory NoticeThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B digital device,pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protectionagainst harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and canradiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, maycause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interferencewill not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio ortelevision reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user isencouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:* Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.* Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.* Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver isconnected.* Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.Shielded cables and I/O cords must be used for this equipment to comply with the relevant FCCregulations.Changes or modifications not expressly approved in writing by Western Multiplex may void the user'sauthority to operate this equipment.This device complies with RSS-210 and/or RSS-139 of Industry Canada. Operation is subject to thefollowing two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must acceptany interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.This device is intended to be installed by qualified professional personnel.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000ivThis page intentionally left blank
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000vW/CS97-1GENERAL TERMS1.1 All Definitions contained in Western Multiplex's Conditions of Sale(Western Multiplex document number CS96-8), apply to theWarranty.1.2 Subject to the provisions of the Warranty, Western Multiplexwarrants that the equipment described in Paragraph 1.3 shallconform to their specifications described in Paragraph 1.4 in allmaterial respects and that the equipment shall be free frommaterial defects in materials and workmanship.1.3 This Warranty applies to all original purchases of Westernmanufactured equipment and accessories (collectively the"Equipment").1.4 This Warranty applies to the specifications contained in the mostrecent version of the manual for the model of the Equipmentpurchased (the "Specifications").1.5 This Warranty does not apply to the following items of Equipmentwhich are covered by the Original Equipment Manufacturer'swarranty:(a) antenna systems, including coax cable, waveguide, connectorsflex-sections, mounts, other parts of the antenna system andinstallation materials;(b) non-Western manufactured rack mounted equipment that isassembled wired and tested at Western's factory or supplied aspart of a system, including orderwire items, channel banks,multiplexers, fuse/alarm panels, remote alarm items; and(c) equipment which is not listed in Western Multiplex's price book.1.6 The effective period of this Warranty shall start on the date ofshipment of the Equipment and shall end:(a) for all unlicensed radio products and for all licensed digitalmicrowave radio products, two (2) years later;(b) for all analog microwave radio products, three (3) years later; or(c) for all baseband products, five (5) years later (in each case the"Warranty Period").1.7 The Customer acknowledges that Western does not represent orwarrant that the services provided by Western under this Warrantywill ensure uninterrupted or error-free operation of the Equipment.RETURN OF EQUIPMENT UNDER WARRANTY2.1 If an item of Equipment malfunctions or fails in normal intendedusage and maintenance within the applicable Warranty Period:(a) the Customer shall promptly notify Western Multiplex of theproblem and the serial number of the defective item;(b) Western Multiplex shall, at its sole option, either resolve theproblem over the telephone or provide the Customer with aReturned Materials Authorization number (RMA #) and theaddress of the location to which the Customer may ship thedefective item;(c) if the problem is not resolved over the telephone, the Customershall attach a label to each Returned item describing the faultand the Customer's Return address. The Customer shall, at itscost, properly pack the item to be Returned, prepay theinsurance and shipping charges, and ship the item to thespecified location;(d) if the Western Multiplex product shall prove to be defective inmaterial or workmanship upon examination by WesternMultiplex, Western Multiplex shall either repair or replace theReturned item at its sole option. The replacement item may benew or refurbished; if refurbished, it shall be equivalent inoperation to new Equipment. If a Returned item is replaced byWestern Multiplex, the Customer agrees that the Returned itemshall become the property of Western Multiplex.(e) Western Multiplex shall at its cost, ship the repaired item orreplacement to any destination within the United States ofAmerica by carrier and method of delivery chosen by WesternMultiplex. If the Customer has requested some other form ofconveyance, such as express shipping, or is located beyond theUSA borders, then the Customer shall pay to the cost of returnshipment.2.2 Equipment which is repaired or replaced by Western Multiplexunder this Warranty shall be covered under all of the provisions ofthis Warranty for the remainder of the applicable Warranty Periodor ninety (90) days from the date of shipment of the repaired itemor replacement, whichever period is longer.DEFAULT AND TERMINATION3.1 Western Multiplex may immediately terminate this Warranty and allof its performance under this Warranty, upon notification to theCustomer, if the Customer:(a) makes any unauthorized modifications to the Equipment;(b) assigns or transfers the Customer's rights or obligations underthis Warranty without the written consent of Western Multiplex;(c) becomes bankrupt or insolvent, or is put into receivership; or(d) has not paid Western Multiplex all amounts for the Equipment,services, or other additional charges within thirty (30) days ofreceipt of written notice from Western Multiplex.3.2 If this Warranty is terminated by Western Multiplex, the Customershall remain liable for all amounts due to Western Multiplex.FORCE MAJEURE4.1 "Force Majeure" has the same meaning as defined in WesternMultiplex's Conditions of Sale (Western Multiplex documentnumber CS96-8).4.2 Western Multiplex shall not be responsible for failure to dischargeits obligations under this Warranty due to Force Majeure.LIMITATIONS AND QUALIFICATIONS OF WARRANTY5.1 This Warranty does not apply to any damage, defect or failurecaused by:(a) any part of the Equipment having been modified, adapted,repaired, or improperly installed, operated, maintained, transportedor relocated by any person other than Western Multiplex personnelor a Western Multiplex authorized service agent, without WesternMultiplex's prior written consent;(b) storage or environmental conditions which do not conform to theapplicable sections of the appropriate Western MultiplexEquipment Manual;(c) failure to conform with the Equipment Installation, Operating andMaintenance Instructions of the appropriate Western MultiplexEquipment Manual;(d) external causes, including external electrical stress or lightning, oruse in conjunction with incompatible equipment, unless such usewas with Western's prior written consent;(e) cosmetic damage;(f) accidental damage, negligence, neglect, mishandling, abuse ormisuse, other than by Western Multiplex personnel or a WesternMultiplex authorized service agent; or(g) Force Majeure.Please see reverse side for additional limitations on damages.WARRANTY
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000W/CS97-1 viLIMITATIONS ON DAMAGES (North America)6.1 THE WARRANTY STATED IN THIS DOCUMENT ISTHE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY FOR THEEQUIPMENT; WESTERN MULTIPLEX SPECIFICALLYDISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND,EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANYWARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULARPURPOSE AND OF MERCHANTABILITY.6.2 WESTERN MULTIPLEX SHALL NOT BE LIABLE INTORT, INCLUDING LIABILITY IN NEGLIGENCE ORSTRICT LIABILITY, AND SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITYAT ALL FOR INJURY TO PERSONS OR PROPERTY.WESTERN MULTIPLEX'S LIABILITY FOR FAILURE TOFULFIL ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS WARRANTYOR ANY OTHER LIABILITY UNDER OR INCONNECTION WITH THE EQUIPMENT SHALL BELIMITED TO THE AMOUNT OF THE PURCHASEPRICE OF THE EQUIPMENT. THE REMEDIESSTATED IN THIS WARRANTY ARE THE CUSTOMER'SEXCLUSIVE REMEDIES AGAINST WESTERNMULTIPLEX REGARDING THE EQUIPMENT.6.3 EVEN IF WESTERN MULTIPLEX HAS BEEN ADVISEDOF THE POSSIBILITY OF THEM, WESTERNMULTIPLEX SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANYINDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL ORCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING THE COSTOF LABOR BY THE CUSTOMER'S OWN EMPLOYEES,AGENTS OR CONTRACTORS IN IDENTIFYING,REMOVING OR REPLACING THE DEFECTIVE ITEM;LOST PROFITS, AND REVENUES; FAILURE TOREALIZE EXPECTED SAVINGS; ANY CLAIM AGAINSTA CUSTOMER BY A THIRD PARTY; OR ANY OTHERCOMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC LOSSES OF ANYKIND.6.4 THESE LIMITATIONS AND DISCLAIMERS ARE NOTMADE BY WESTERN MULTIPLEX WHEREPROHIBITED BY LAW.LIMITATIONS ON DAMAGES (International)6.1 THE WARRANTY STATED IN THIS DOCUMENT ISTHE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY FOR THEEQUIPMENT; ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANYKIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANYWARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULARPURPOSE AND OF MERCHANTABILITY AREEXCLUDED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTEDBY LAW.6.2 WESTERN MULTIPLEX 'S LIABILITY FOR FAILURE TOFULFIL ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS WARRANTYOR IN TORT OR AS A RESULT OF STRICT LIABILITYOR ANY OTHER LIABILITY UNDER OR INCONNECTION WITH THE EQUIPMENT OR ITSSUPPLY SHALL BE LIMITED, EXCEPT IN RESPECTOF DEATH AND PERSONAL INJURY CAUSED BYWESTERN MULTIPLEX'S NEGLIGENCE, TO THEAMOUNT OF THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THEEQUIPMENT. THE REMEDIES STATED IN THISWARRANTY ARE THE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVEREMEDIES AGAINST WESTERN MULTIPLEXREGARDING THE EQUIPMENT.6.3 EVEN IF WESTERN MULTIPLEX HAS BEEN ADVISEDOF THE POSSIBILITY OF THEM, WESTERNMULTIPLEX SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANYINDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL ORCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING THE COSTOF LABOR BY THE CUSTOMER'S OWN EMPLOYEES,AGENTS OR CONTRACTORS IN IDENTIFYING,REMOVING OR REPLACING THE DEFECTIVE ITEM;LOST PROFITS, AND REVENUES; FAILURE TOREALIZE EXPECTED SAVINGS; ANY CLAIM AGAINSTA CUSTOMER BY A THIRD PARTY; OR ANY OTHERCOMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC LOSSES OF ANYKIND.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000vii W/CS97-1DEFINITIONS1.1 In these Conditions, unless there is something in the subjectmatter or context necessarily inconsistent:(a) "Western" means Western Multiplex Corporation (d.b.a.Western Multiplex), Sunnyvale, CA;(b) "Equipment" means the equipment itemized on theQuotation/Order Acknowledgment;(c) "International" means any location other than United Statesof America and Canada, including their territories andpossessions;(d) "North America" means any location in the United States ofAmerica and Canada, including their territories andpossessions;(e) "Order Acknowledgment" means the sales orderacknowledgment provided by Western to the Customer;(f) "Payment Instructions" means Western's paymentinstructions, (Western document P197-1);(g) "Quotation" means the quotation signed by an authorizedrepresentative of Western and provided to the Customer;(h) "Shipping Date" means the actual date on which theEquipment left Western's factory at Sunnyvale, CA, U.S.A.;(i) "Warranty" means Western's warranty, document W97-1;(j) "Invoice" means the bill of goods prepared by Western forthe equipment with the shipping and any insurance costs.1.2 Headings have been inserted in these Conditions for convenienceof reference only and will not effect their construction.ENTIRE AGREEMENT2.1 The Quotation, these Conditions of Sale, the OrderAcknowledgment, the Payment Instructions and the Warranty shallapply to all sales made by Western and shall constitute the entireagreement by Western and the Customer (the "Agreement ").2.2 Any terms and/or conditions of sale, which may be included on theCustomer's purchase order form or any communication from theCustomer, that are not identical with the terms and conditionssteed in this document shall NOT become a part of the agreementof sale unless expressly agreed to in writing in the Quotation.2.3 Western's failure to object to any terms and/or conditions of salecontained in any communication from the Customer shall not beconsidered as acceptance of such terms and/or conditions or as awaiver of the terms and conditions of sale contained herein.2.4 Western shall sell to the Customer, and the Customer shallpurchase from Western, the Equipment in accordance with theAgreement. Western accepts the Customer's purchase orders forEquipment and agrees to deliver the Equipment to the Customeronly on the terms of the Agreement.2.5 No variation of the Agreement shall be binding unless agreed to inwriting by authorized representatives of Western and theCustomer.PRICING3.1 All prices in the Quotation are exclusive of all shipping chargesand all applicable taxes including but not limited to, federal, state,local, excise, sales and use taxes.3.2 All prices in the Quotation unless otherwise stated:(a) for North American customers are FOB Sunnyvale, CA,USA. (New York Uniform Commercial Code); or(b) for international customers are Ex-Works, Sunnyvale, CA,U.S.A. (Incoterms 1990).3.3 All prices in the Quotation include standard domestic packing,unless a separate line item is provided detailing export or specialpacking charges.SHIPPING AND INSURANCE4.1 Western shall arrange shipping and insurance when requested bythe Customer, and shall bill the Customer for the Equipment withthe shipping and any insurance costs as separate items, on aninvoice (the "Invoice").4.2 Delivery dates quoted by Western are to be considered estimatesonly. In no event will Western be liable for any loss or damageresulting from its failure to deliver products within a specified time.TERMS OF PAYMENT5.1 The Customer shall pay for all Equipment, including shipping andinsurance in accordance with the terms of the Invoice.5.2 All Invoices for North American Customers are due and payable inthirty (30) days from the date of the Invoice.5.3 International Customers shall make payments in accordance withWestern's Payment Instructions by either:(a) providing a wire transfer (telegraphic transfer) for the fullamount of the Equipment, shipping and insurance chargescontained in the Quotation or the pro-forma Invoice sent tothe Customer, prior to the Shipping Date; or(b) establishing an acceptable Letter of Credit (LC) for the fullamount of the Equipment, shipping and insurance chargescontained in the Quotation prior to the order being bookedand accepted by Western.5.4 If a Customer fails to pay an Invoice when due, Western may,without prejudice to am other remedy, postpone shipments, alterpayment terms, terminate the Agreement and charge interest onall overdue amounts the rate of 1.5% per month compoundedmonthly (or if less, the maximum allowed by law). Upon demand,the Customer shall pay all such interest charges and allreasonable collection fees, including reasonable legal expenses.SECURITY FOR PAYMENT6.1 If the Customer is located in North America, the Customer grantsto Western a purchase money security interest in the Equipment tosecure the payment of the purchase price of the Equipment and allother amounts due from the Customer.6.2 If the Customer is not located in North America:(a) despite delivery and passing of risk in the Equipment andany other provision of these Conditions, the title in theEquipment shall not pass to the Customer until Western hasreceived payment in full of the purchase price of theEquipment and all other amounts then due from theCustomer, and(b) until the title in the Equipment passes to the Customer:(i) the Customer shall hold the equipment as Western 'sfiduciary agent and bailee, and shall properly store,protect and insure the Equipment and shall identify theEquipment as Western property;(ii) if the Customer fails to pay Western in accordance withthe agreed payment terms, Western may require theCustomer to deliver up the Equipment to Western,and, if the Customer does not, Western may enter onthe premises where the Equipment is stored andrepossess the Equipment; and(iii) the Customer shall not pledge the Equipment by wayof security for any, indebtedness of the Customer, but ifthe Customer does so all moneys owed by theCustomer to Western shall, without prejudice to anyother remedy of Western, immediately become due.CHANGES TO PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS7.1 Western may, without notice to the Customer, make changes tothe specifications of Equipment which do not materially affect thequality or performance of the Equipment.EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION AND EXPEDITING CHARGES8.1 At the Customer's request, Western may, for a fee agreed inadvance:(a) reconfigure the Equipment; or(b) expedite the Customer's order.CONDITIONS OF SALE
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000W/CS97-1 viiiSHORTAGES9.1 The customer shall not make any claim for shortages (which areitems that the Invoice does not show are on back-order) aftertwenty-one (21) days after the date of the Invoice.RETURNS AND EXCHANGES10.1 The return of defective Equipment is covered by the Warranty .10.2 The Customer may only return Equipment that is not defective if:(a) the Equipment does not correspond with the Customer'spurchase order; or(b) the Equipment has been ordered in error by the Customerand Western has permitted the Customer to remedy themistake by ordering the correct equipment and resuming theEquipment and the Customer obtains a Returned MaterialsAuthorization number ("RMA #") from Western prior toreturning any Equipment.10.3 Western reserves the right to charge a fee for returned equipmentunder Subparagraph 10.2(b) with the amount of the fee beingdetermined prior to an RMA # being given by Western.10.4 Authorized returns of equipment under Paragraph 10.2 must be inan undamaged condition, in the original configuration, in theoriginal packing materials and within a time period agreed to whenthe RMA # was issued.10.5 If the Customer does not comply with the provisions of Paragraphs10.2, 10.3, and 10.4, the Customer shall pay the full amount of theInvoice.10.6 The party liable for all shipping, insurance and any other expensesincurred by the Customer in returning the Equipment underParagraph 10.2 and for all loss or damage to the Equipment untilreceived by Western, shall be: (a) for all items returned underSubparagraph 10.2(a), Western and (b) for all items resumedunder Subparagraph 10.2(b), the Customer.CANCELLATION11.1 If the Customer cancels an order before the Shipping Date,Western reserves the right to charge the Customer a cancellationcharge up to 100% of the amount of the order.11.2 The Customer shall pay all cancellation charges within thirty (30)days from date of the Invoice.FORCE MAJEURE12.1 Western shall not be liable if its performance of the Agreementbecomes commercially impractical due to any contingency beyondWestern's reasonable control, including acts of God, fires, floods,wars, sabotage, civil unrest, accidents, labor disputes orshortages, government laws, rules and regulations, whether validor invalid, inability to obtain material, equipment or transportation,incorrect, delayed or incomplete specifications, drawings or datasupplied by the Customer or others (collectively "Force Majeure").In no event of Force Majeure shall Western be required topurchase goods from others to enable it to deliver the Equipmentunder the Agreement.ENGINEERING AND SYSTEM DESIGN13.1 The Customer is solely responsible for the engineering, design,integration and normal preventative and remedial maintenance ofthe Customer's system for which Western supplies Equipment.13.2 Western is not responsible for the satisfactory operation of theEquipment in conjunction with other manufacturer's equipment, norfor any losses which may occur as a result of a failure of theEquipment to operate in conjunction with other manufacturer'sequipment.WARRANTY14.1 All Equipment is covered by the Warranty.14.2 THE WARRANTY CONTAINS LlMITATIONS ON THECUSTOMER'S RIGHTS AND REMEDIES AGAINST WESTERNUNDER THE AGREEMENT. THE CUSTOMERACKNOWLEDGES HAVING READ, UNDERSTOOD ANDAGREED TO THOSE LIMITATIONS.DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF AGREEMENT15.1 If either party is successful in any litigation between the partiesbased on the Agreement, the successful party shall recover fromthe other, in addition to direct damages, the successful party'sreasonable attorney's fees and other costs of litigation.INSOLVENCY OF CUSTOMER, ETC.16.1 Western may cancel the Agreement and suspend any furtherdeliveries under the Agreement without any liability to theCustomer, and, if Equipment has been delivered but not paid for,the price shall become immediately due and payable despite anyother agreement to the contrary if:(a) any proceedings in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership orliquidation are taken against the Customer;(b) the Customer makes an assignment for the benefit ofcreditors or commits an act of bankruptcy or insolvency;(c) the Customer ceases, or threatens to cease, to carry on theordinary course of its business, or transfers all orsubstantially all of its property;(d) the Equipment is seized under any legal process orconfiscated; or(e) Western in good faith believes that the ability of theCustomer to pay or perform any provision of the Agreementis impaired, or that any of the events mentioned above isabout to occur.NOTICE17.1 All requests, instructions and notices from one party to the othermust be in writing and may be given via registered post orfacsimile transmission to the address of the parties shown on theQuotation or Order Acknowledgment.EXPORT PROVISIONS18.1 The Customer shall not, whether directly or indirectly (includingfacilitating a third party) export or re-export the Equipment outsidethe country in which the Customer has stated these items are to beused without obtaining the licenses required under ail applicablerules. The Customer shall indemnify Western against any liabilityincurred by Western due to any violation by the Customer of any ofthe provisions of this Section, but this indemnity shall not apply ifthe Customer reasonably relies on information supplied to it byWestern with respect to export licenses. Upon receipt of agovernmental consent to export the receiving party shallimmediately notify the other in writing.MISCELLANEOUS19.1 No waiver by Western of any breach of this Agreement shall beconsidered as a waiver of any subsequent breach of the same orany other provision.19.2 Any provision of the Agreement which is, or is deemed to be,unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall be severable from theAgreement in that jurisdiction without in any way invalidating theremaining portions of the Agreement, and that unenforceabilityshall not make that provision unenforceable in any otherjurisdiction.19.3 The rights which accrue to Western by virtue of the Agreementshall inure for the benefit of and be binding upon the successorsand assigns of Western.19.4 The agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State ofCalifornia including the California Uniform Commercial Code.However Western may enforce the provisions of the Agreement inaccordance with the laws of the jurisdiction in which the Equipmentis situated. The United Nations Convention on the Sale of Goods(The Vienna Convention) shall not apply to the Agreement.19.5 Les parties ont exigés que cette entente soit rédigée en anglais.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000TOC & INTRODUCTION iTable of Contents1. HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL .....................................................................................................................1-11.1 MANUAL ORGANIZATION............................................................................................................................1-11.2 PRODUCT GUIDE........................................................................................................................................1-21.3 ICONS .........................................................................................................................................................1-22. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ...........................................................................................................................2-12.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................2-12.1.1 Lynx Evolution: 3 Generations .......................................................................................................... 2-22.2 SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................................................................2-32.2.1 Transmitter.........................................................................................................................................2-32.2.2 Antenna / Antenna Coupling Unit......................................................................................................2-42.2.3 Receiver..............................................................................................................................................2-52.2.4 System (Single Hop Performance) .....................................................................................................2-62.2.5 Digital Line Interface.........................................................................................................................2-72.2.6 Auxiliary Connections........................................................................................................................2-82.2.7 Temperature and Environment ..........................................................................................................2-92.2.8 Power.................................................................................................................................................2-92.2.9 Regulatory Information....................................................................................................................2-102.2.10 Mechanical.......................................................................................................................................2-102.3 FRONT PANEL DESCRIPTION...................................................................................................................2-112.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................2-112.3.2 Test Points / Power Indicator .......................................................................................................... 2-122.3.3 Alarm and Status Indicators ............................................................................................................2-132.3.4 Controls............................................................................................................................................2-142.3.5 Connections......................................................................................................................................2-152.4 REAR PANEL DESCRIPTION.....................................................................................................................2-162.4.1 RF Connection ................................................................................................................................. 2-172.4.2 DATA Connections (DSX-3 and DSX-1)..........................................................................................2-182.4.3 Auxiliary Data Connections.............................................................................................................2-192.4.4 Switches............................................................................................................................................2-202.5 INSTALLATION ACCESSORIES..................................................................................................................2-223. INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS............................................................................................................3-13.1 SHIPPING CONTAINER ...............................................................................................................................3-13.2 PACKING ITEMS IDENTIFICATION ...............................................................................................................3-23.3 BEFORE INSTALLATION TASK LIST............................................................................................................ 3-33.3.1 Site Selection Requirements...............................................................................................................3-43.3.2 Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance Guidelines...................................................................................3-53.3.3 RSL Calculation and Link Budget......................................................................................................3-63.3.4 Fade Margin Calculation...................................................................................................................3-73.3.5 Availability Calculation.....................................................................................................................3-83.3.6 Frequency Plan Determination..........................................................................................................3-93.3.7 Power Supply Planning.................................................................................................................... 3-103.3.8 Antenna Planning ............................................................................................................................3-113.4 TOOLS REQUIRED.................................................................................................................................... 3-123.5 FREQUENCY CHANNEL PLANS ................................................................................................................3-13
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000 ii TOC & INTRODUCTION3.6 MOUNTING THE LYNX DS-3 .....................................................................................................................3-153.7 POWER CONNECTION AND WIRING ........................................................................................................3-163.7.1 DC Power Wiring.............................................................................................................................3-173.7.2 AC Power Connection......................................................................................................................3-193.8 ANTENNA CONNECTION...........................................................................................................................3-203.9 TRANSMISSION LINE CONNECTION ......................................................................................................... 3-213.10 ANTENNA INSTALLATION & ALIGNMENT ..................................................................................................3-223.11 DS-3 AND DS-1 (T1) INTERFACE CONNECTION.................................................................................... 3-253.12 DIP SWITCH SETTINGS ...........................................................................................................................3-273.12.1 Channel Selection ............................................................................................................................3-273.12.2 Line Code Selection ......................................................................................................................... 3-283.12.3 Line Build Out Selection ..................................................................................................................3-293.12.4 Loopback Test Signal Selection (DS-3 only)....................................................................................3-303.12.5 Security Code Selection ...................................................................................................................3-313.12.6 Input Alarm (Data Loss) Enable/Disable.........................................................................................3-323.12.7 AIS Enable/Disable..........................................................................................................................3-333.13 SYSTEM TURN-UP TO SERVICE............................................................................................................... 3-343.13.1 Output Power Adjustment ................................................................................................................ 3-393.13.2 Loopback/BER Testing.....................................................................................................................3-403.13.3 Error LED Mode Selection ..............................................................................................................3-423.14 ADDITIONAL CONNECTIONS.....................................................................................................................3-433.14.1 Orderwire Connection and Address Selection.................................................................................3-433.14.2 Alarm Connections...........................................................................................................................3-463.14.3 Diagnostics Port Operation.............................................................................................................3-473.14.3.1 Diagnostics Port using RS-232....................................................................................................3-493.14.3.2 Diagnostics Port using RS-422....................................................................................................3-503.14.3.3 TBOS Protocol and Map..............................................................................................................3-513.14.4 AUX DATA (Digital Service Channel) Connection .........................................................................3-533.14.5 Monitored Hot Stand-by Protection.................................................................................................3-564. TROUBLESHOOTING...................................................................................................................................4-14.1 REGULAR MAINTENANCE...........................................................................................................................4-14.2 CHANGING FREQUENCY PLANS ................................................................................................................ 4-24.3 USING A SPARE TERMINAL........................................................................................................................ 4-34.4 TECHNICAL SUPPORT................................................................................................................................4-44.5 REPAIR POLICY.......................................................................................................................................... 4-54.6 FRONT PANEL STATUS LEDS...................................................................................................................4-64.6.1 DATA LOSS Alarms...........................................................................................................................4-74.6.2 BER (Bit Error Rate) Alarm...............................................................................................................4-94.6.3 RX SYNC (Receiver Synchronization) Alarm...................................................................................4-124.6.4 AIS OUT (Alarm Indication Signal).................................................................................................4-134.6.5 FAN Alarm....................................................................................................................................... 4-144.6.6 RADIO FAIL Alarm ......................................................................................................................... 4-154.6.7 FAR END Alarm ..............................................................................................................................4-164.7 ERRORS IN THE DATA STREAM ...............................................................................................................4-174.8 INTERFERENCE COUNTERMEASURES ..................................................................................................... 4-194.8.1 Use of a Spectrum Analyzer to Evaluate Potential Interference......................................................4-214.9 BACK-TO-BACK TESTING.........................................................................................................................4-224.10 BER (BIT ERROR RATE) TESTING..........................................................................................................4-245. APPENDICES..................................................................................................................................................5-1APPENDIX A - DIGITAL LINE INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS...................................................................................5-1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000TOC & INTRODUCTION iii1. Pulse Density Assurance and Maintenance............................................................................................... 5-12. DS-1 ...........................................................................................................................................................5-2APPENDIX B - REAR PANEL DIP SWITCHES............................................................................................................5-5APPENDIX C - REAR PANEL DATA CONNECTORS ..............................................................................................5-10FiguresFIGURE 2-1: FRONT PANEL, 5.8 GHZ DS-3 (SINGLE BAND)...................................................................................... 2-11FIGURE 2-2: FRONT PANEL, 5.8 GHZ DS-3 (DUAL BAND) ........................................................................................2-11FIGURE 2-4: REAR PANEL, 5.8 GHZ DS-3 (SINGLE BAND)........................................................................................2-16FIGURE 2-5: REAR PANEL, 5.3/5.8 GHZ DS-3 (DUAL BAND)....................................................................................2-16FIGURE 3-1: CHANNEL PLAN, 5.8 GHZ (SINGLE BAND) ...........................................................................................3-13FIGURE 3-2: CHANNEL PLAN, 5.3/5.8 GHZ (DUAL BAND)........................................................................................ 3-14FIGURE 3-3: NEGATIVE VOLTAGE DC CONNECTION ................................................................................................ 3-18FIGURE 3-4: POSITIVE VOLTAGE DC CONNECTION ..................................................................................................3-18FIGURE 3-5: AC CONNECTION.................................................................................................................................. 3-19FIGURE 3-6: TYPICAL RSL VOLTAGE VERSUS RECEIVED SIGNAL LEVEL (RSL)....................................................... 3-24FIGURE 3-7: DS-1 CONNECTION, 9-PIN CONNECTOR ................................................................................................ 3-26FIGURE 3-8: DS-1 CONNECTION, MODULAR CONNECTOR (RJ-48C)........................................................................ 3-26FIGURE 3-9: LINE CODE SWITCH ..............................................................................................................................3-28FIGURE 3-10: LINE BUILD OUT (LBO) SWITCHES ....................................................................................................3-29FIGURE 3-11: LOOPBACK MODE SELECTION............................................................................................................. 3-30FIGURE 3-12: SECURITY CODE SELECTION ...............................................................................................................3-31FIGURE 3-13: INPUT ALARM DISABLE SWITCH .........................................................................................................3-32FIGURE 3-14: AIS SWITCH .......................................................................................................................................3-33FIGURE 3-15: TYPICAL RF OUTPUT POWER VERSUS PWR VOLTAGE....................................................................... 3-36FIGURE 3-16: ERROR LED MODE SELECTION ..........................................................................................................3-42FIGURE 3-17: RJ-11 ORDERWIRE TELEPHONE CONNECTION.................................................................................... 3-44FIGURE 3-18: VF PORT AND VF CONNECTIONS ....................................................................................................... 3-45FIGURE 3-19: PIN CONNECTIONS, ALARM INTERFACE ........................................................................................... 3-46FIGURE 3-20: DIAGNOSTIC PORT PROTOCOL SELECTION.......................................................................................... 3-48FIGURE 3-21: RS-232 DIAGNOSTIC PORT CONNECTIONS.......................................................................................... 3-49FIGURE 3-22: RS-422 DIAGNOSTIC PORT CONNECTIONS.......................................................................................... 3-50FIGURE 3-23: REPEATER AND HUB TBOS RADIO NETWORK MANAGEMENT ...........................................................3-54FIGURE 3-24: REPEATER APPLICATION WITH SITE NETWORK MANAGEMENT...........................................................3-54FIGURE 3-25: AUX DATA CABLE CONNECTION FOR REPEATER/HUB ....................................................................3-55FIGURE 3-26: AUX DATA SELECTION ......................................................................................................................3-55FIGURE 3-27: MHS CONFIGURATION ....................................................................................................................... 3-56FIGURE 4-1: BACK-TO-BACK TEST CONFIGURATION ................................................................................................ 4-23FIGURE 4-2: END-TO-END BER TEST CONFIGURATION............................................................................................4-24FIGURE A-1: DS-1 PULSE TEMPLATE CORNER POINTS (NEW EQUIPMENT)................................................................ 5-4FIGURE C-1: DS-1 9-PIN D-STYLE CONNECTOR....................................................................................................... 5-10FIGURE C-2: DS-1 MODULAR CONNECTOR (RJ-48C) ..............................................................................................5-10FIGURE C-3: VF PORT CONNECTION ........................................................................................................................5-10FIGURE C-4: ALARM PORT CONNECTIONS................................................................................................................5-11FIGURE C-5: DIAGNOSTIC AND AUX DATA (TBOS) PORT CONNECTIONS .............................................................5-11
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000 iv TOC & INTRODUCTIONFIGURE C-6: DS-3 CONNECTIONS (BNC FEMALE) ...................................................................................................5-11TablesTABLE 3-A: DC POWER CONNECTION FOR NEGATIVE SUPPLY.................................................................................3-16TABLE 3-B: DC POWER CONNECTION FOR POSITIVE SUPPLY................................................................................... 3-16TABLE 3-C: ALARM INTERFACE CONNECTIONS........................................................................................................3-47TABLE 3-D: TBOS MAP FOR THE LYNX DS-3 .........................................................................................................3-52TABLE A-1: EXAMPLES OF B8ZS CODING.................................................................................................................. 5-2TABLE A-2: DS-1 INTERCONNECTION SPECIFICATION................................................................................................ 5-3TABLE A-3: DS-1 ISOLATED PULSE TEMPLATES AND CORNER POINTS ......................................................................5-4TABLE B-1: LYNX DS-3 5.8 GHZ SINGLE BAND SWITCH SETTINGS ..........................................................................5-6TABLE B-2: LYNX DS-3 5.8 GHZ SINGLE BAND SWITCH SETTINGS ..........................................................................5-7TABLE B-3: LYNX DS-3 5.3/5.8 GHZ DUAL BAND SWITCH SETTINGS ......................................................................5-8TABLE B-4: LYNX DS-3 5.3/5.8 GHZ DUAL BAND SWITCH SETTINGS ......................................................................5-9
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 1: HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL PAGE 1-11. How to Use This Manual1.1 Manual OrganizationThe Installation and Maintenance Manual provides information required to install and maintain theLynx DS-3 and to use its many features to the fullest advantage. This manual is divided into thefollowing sections:Section 1 How to Use This Manual. Provides instructions on how to most effectivelyutilize the information in this manual.Section 2 Product Description. Provides a brief description and specifications of theLynx DS-3.Section 3 Installation & Maintenance. Explains the Lynx DS-3 installation andadjustments in detail.Section 4 Troubleshooting. Provides maintenance, repair and troubleshootinginformation for the Lynx DS-3.Appendices Provides charts and diagrams for radio connections and DIP switchsettings along with other general information.This device must be professionally installed. Instructions onsetting the transmitter RF output power are contained inSection 3 of this Manual.This device is to be used exclusively for fixed point-to-pointoperation that employs directional antennas.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 1-2 SECTION 1: HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL1.2 Product GuideThe Lynx DS-3 Product Guide is a separate publication from this manual. The Product Guide isused for all the activity typically performed prior to the installation of the radios. The Product Guidecontains the following information:General Features DescriptionOrdering InformationPath PlanningInstallation PlanningThe Path Planning portion of the product guide is critical to the success of the installation and useof the Lynx DS-3 radios. If you have not performed path planning, consult the Lynx DS-3 ProductGuide to determine the anticipated performance of your radio system link. This information will bevery helpful during installation, troubleshooting and maintenance. General information on pathplanning is also available in Section 3 of this manual.1.3 IconsThroughout this manual, the following icons are used to highlight areas of special interest andimportance.Note Practical Tip Caution
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-12. Product Description2.1 General DescriptionThe Lynx DS-3 provides a new level of control and convenience in a digital communicationsnetwork. LYNX DS-3 is not a spread spectrum radio but it operates in the U-NII bands. UnderFCC rules governing the U-NII bands, users are not required to have a license to operate theLYNX DS-3 radios in the United States as long as the radios meet the maximum allowable EIRPlimits. The Lynx DS-3 carries up to 28 DS-1 signals between two locations without the expenseand delay of installing cable or traditional (licensed) microwave. The DS-3 ports can interface anyequipment (such as switches, and multiplexers) that provide a telco standard DS-3 port.Because each owner controls the operation of the link there is no reliance on any outsideservices. Lynx DS-3 operators are able to (1) operate instant links whenever needed, and (2) tobe in control of their own network.The Lynx DS-3 offers two primary benefits:❖CONVENIENCEEasy to install and operate with no user license requirements or frequencycoordination in the USA, including Puerto Rico, and Canada. (Other countries mayrequire a user license and/or frequency coordination).❖CAPABILITYFull transparent DS-3 signals over any line-of-sight distance (typically up to 20 miles,depending on terrain and governmental regulations).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 2-2 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.1.1 LYNX Evolution: 3 GenerationsIn 1992, Western Multiplex Corporation introduced the original first generation Lynx radios. Theseradios were the first radios to provide T1 and E1 point-to-point communications in the world.In 1994, Western Multiplex Corporation added a significant feature to the Lynx product line. Thesecond generation Lynx.cp product family provided controlled power, which allowed users toadjust the radio transmitter output power in order to meet EIRP limits. Also, Western MultiplexCorporation introduced the first double-capacity radios, the Lynx 2T6 and Lynx 2E6 in this familyseries.The third generation Lynx.sc and Lynx.HD now continues this product evolution by adding manyadditional user features, most notably a service channel. The service channel allows radios tocarry additional traffic over the radio link, such as alarms or network management. In addition,orderwire and remote/far-end monitoring features have been added along with some improvedperformance features, such as forward error correction and extended temperature operation. Inaddition, the Lynx.sc is available in Fractional Capacities (56 to 512 kbps), and Lynx.HD isavailable in 4xT1and 4xE1 capacities in the 2.4 and 5.8 GHz ISM bands as well as 8xT1 and 8xE1capacities in the 5.8 GHz ISM band.Lynx DS-3 radios incorporate all the unique features of the Lynx.sc/Lynx.HD generation, e.g.service channel, orderwire, extended operation temperature, far end monitoring, and networkmanagement.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-32.2 SpecificationsAll specifications are subject to change without notice.2.2.1 TransmitterBoth ModelsFrequency Selection Rear Panel DIP switches; 7-cavity RF filter assemblyModulation OQPSKSingle Band Single Band Dual Band5.3 GHz 5.8 GHz 5.3/5.8 GHz Output Power (typ.) +18 dBm +18 dBm +11 dBmOutput Power (min.) +17 dBm +17 dBm +10 dBmControl Range 17 dB min 17 dB min. 10 dB min.Frequency Range 5284-5316 MHz 5750-5800 MHz 5284-5316 MHz and 5759-5791 MHz(occupies (occupies (occupies5250- 5725- 5250-5350 MHz and5350 MHz) 5825 MHz) 5725-5825 MHz)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 2-4 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.2.2 Antenna / Antenna Coupling UnitBoth ModelsMechanics External antennaAntenna Connection N-type femaleImpedance 50 ohmsSingle Band Models Dual BandRecommended 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 foot 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 footAntenna (not included) parabolic parabolicSize Gain / 3dB Beam width 2 ft 29 dB / 6° 4 ft 35 dB / 3° 6 ft 38 dB / 2° 8 ft 41 dB / 1.5°10 ft 43 dB / 1.3°
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-52.2.3 ReceiverAll ModelsNominal Receive Level -30 to -60 dBmMaximum Receive Level -5 dBm error free, +10 dBm no damageFrequency Selection Rear Panel DIP switches, 7-cavity RF filter assemblySingle Band Models Dual BandThreshold Rx Level -78 dBm -78 dBm(BER = 10-6).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 2-6 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.2.4 System (Single Hop Performance)All ModelsError Floor 10-11Dispersive Fade Margin 38 dB, typicalCarrier-to-Interference (like)Co-channel +9 dBAdjacent-Channel -21 dBTransmission delay(radio only) 250 µsec, maximum(10 mile path) 300 µsec, maximumTransmit FrequenciesSingle Band (5.3 GHz) Single Band (5.8 GHz) Dual Band (5.3/5.8 GHz)A1 channel 5275 MHz 5750 MHz 5284 MHzA2 channel 5325 MHz 5800 MHz 5759 MHzB1 channel N/A N/A 5316 MHzB2 channel N/A N/A 5791 MHzReceive Frequencies Single Band (5.3 GHz) Single Band (5.8 GHz) Dual Band (5.3/5.8 GHz)A1 channel 5325 MHz 5800 MHz 5759 MHzA2 channel 5275 MHz 5750 MHz 5284 MHzB1 channel N/A N/A 5791 MHzB2 channel N/A N/A 5316 MHz
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-72.2.5 Digital Line InterfaceBoth ModelsDS-3 ChannelData Rate 44.736 MbpsDigital Interface 1DSX-3Connector BNC female, 75 OhmLine Code B3ZSLine Build Out 0-900 feet (rear panel DIP switch selectable)Blue Code 2Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)Remote Loopback Internal or external test signal (rear panel DIP switch selectable)Wayside ChannelData Rate 1.544 MbpsDigital Interface 3DSX-1Connector DB-9 female, 8-pin modular jack female (RJ-48C)Line Code AMI / B8ZS (rear panel DIP switch selectable)Line Build Out 0-660 feet (rear panel DIP switch selectable)Blue Code 2Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)Remote Loopback External test signal (rear panel DIP switch selectable)1 Meets ANSI-T1-102-19872 Signal is selectable (on/off) and is generated only on data loss or link failure when selected.3 Meets AT&T Pub 62411, Bellcore TR-TSY-000499.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 2-8 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.2.6 Auxiliary ConnectionsAll ModelsOrderwire Interface 2-wire, 4-pin modular jack, female (RJ-11)REN (Ringer Equivalency Number) 1.0 BRinging Voltage 48 VDC, typical(use telephones with solid state ringers, NOT adequate for older style mechanical ringers)VF Orderwire Bridge 600 ohm balanced, 4-wire, 0 dBm, DB-25, maleDiagnostic Port RS-232/ RS-422 (Craft / TBOS), DB-9, maleAux Data (clear service channel) RS-232 / RS-422, ≤9600 baud, DB-9, femaleAlarm 2 x Form C, 6 x TTL, 2 x analog, DB-25, femaleTest Points (front panel) Output power, near-end and far-endreceived signal level (RSL)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-92.2.7 Temperature and EnvironmentAll ModelsOperating Temperature Range -30 to +65°CHumidity 95% non-condensingAltitude 15,000 feet, maximum2.2.8 PowerAll ModelsDC Input Voltage ±20 to ±60 VDCPower Consumption < 45 wattsAC Adapter (optional) 100-250 VAC, 50-60 Hz, +24 VDCConnector Barrier strip, plug-in type
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 2-10 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.2.9 Regulatory Information5.3 GHz 5.8 GHz 5.3/5.8 GHzFCC Identifier HZB-U53-45 HZB-U58-45 HZB-U5358-45FCC Rule Parts 15.247 15.247 15.247Industry Canada ID TBD 522 102 1581A TBDIC Rule Parts RSS 210 RSS 210 RSS 2102.2.10 MechanicalAll ModelsWidth (for 19-inch EIA 17.2" (rack mounting brackets supplied)rack mounting)Height 3.5" (2RU)Depth 14.5"Weight 11 lbs.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-112.3 Front Panel Description2.3.1 GeneralThe Lynx DS-3 front panels, as shown in Figure 2-1 through 2-3, have LED indicators, test points,controls and connections that are used for installation, maintenance, operation andtroubleshooting. Prior to installation, it is best to be familiar with the front panel of your particularmodel. Sections 2.3.2 through 2.3.5 briefly describe the front panel access and lights from left toright.Figure 2-1: Front Panel, Lynx DS-3 (single band), 5.3 or 5.8 GHzFigure 2-2: Front Panel, Lynx DS-3 (dual band), 5.3/5.8 GHz
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 2-12 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.3.2 Test Points / Power IndicatorON This is an LED indication. When lit GREEN, the Lynx DS-3 is powered.The Lynx DS-3 product does not have an on/off switch.GND This is a test point referenced to chassis ground. This is used in conjunction with thenext two test points to measure voltages related to radio performance.RSL This is a test point which relates to the Received Signal Level (RSL). A voltage canbe measured with a voltmeter (using the GND test point for reference) whichcorresponds to the actual power level of the incoming received signal. While theDISPLAY FAR END button is pressed, this RSL voltage corresponds to the RSL ofthe far-end radio. These measurements are used during installation, maintenanceand troubleshooting.LOCALTX PWR This is a test point which corresponds to the output transmit power of the radio. Avoltage can be measured with a voltmeter (using the GND test point for reference)which corresponds to the actual power level of the outgoing signal. Thismeasurement is used during installation, maintenance and troubleshooting.This voltage only applies to the near-end and does not allow measurementof the far-end output transmit power, even when the DISPLAY FAR ENDbutton is pressed.There is a receptacle on the front panel to the right of the LOCAL TX PWR test pointwhich is an installation adjustment allowing the output transmit power to beincreased or decreased within the radio's specified limits. Using a small screwdriver,this adjustment is used to set the output power of the transmitter, in accordance tothe path planning.The Lynx DS-3 requires professional installation. Transmitted output powerlimits may apply when using this radio. Consult FCC, IC, Western Multiplexor other regulatory authorities for limits which may apply. See Section 3.13.1for details on setting output power.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-132.3.3 Alarm and Status IndicatorsDS3INPUT When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating that the Lynx DS-3 is notreceiving DS-3 input data. This alarm function can be disabled by rear panel DIPswitch setting (see Section 2.4.4). Under data loss condition, the local transmitterinjects AIS (Alarm Indication Signal).DS1INPUT When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating that the Lynx DS-3 is notreceiving DS1 at the “DS1 INTERFACE” (wayside input port). This alarm functioncan be disabled by rear panel DIP switch setting (see Section 2.4.4). Under dataloss condition, the local transmitter injects AIS (Alarm Indication Signal).BER This is the Bit Error Rate (BER) alarm. When lit RED, this alarm condition indicatesthat the received signal bit error rate is above the error threshold of 1 x 10-6. Thisalarm condition typically indicates a path problem or a problem with the far-end radioand usually is not a problem with the near- end radio.RX SYNC When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating that the intended received signalis not being received. This alarm may indicate problems related to the path,connections, or the near-end or far-end radio hardware. When the RX SYNC alarmis active, AIS (Alarm Indication Signal) is injected into the DS-3 and DS-1 linetransmit output data ports.AIS OUT When lit RED, this is a status condition indicating that the radio receiver istransmitting AIS (Alarm Indication Signal) on the DS-3 and DS-1 line transmit outputdata port, due to loss of received signal. This typically indicates a path or connectionproblem or a near-end or far-end radio hardware problem. This alarm function canbe disabled by rear panel DIP switch setting (see Section 3.12.7). When flashingrapidly, the security ID switches, SW2-1 through SW2-8, on the two radios are notidentically set. Under this condition, DS-3 data is muted but other data ports functionnormally.FAN When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating a failure with one or both of theinternal cooling fans. The radio is designed to operate within specification when onlyone fan is operating. The two fans are provided for redundancy only.RADIOFAIL When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating a major failure with the near-endradio hardware. It can also indicate improper connections to the DS-1 output port,e.g. a short to ground on the DS-1 line.FAR END When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating that there are alarm or statusconditions present on the far-end radio. Press and hold the "Display Far End" buttonon the near-end radios to indicate the alarm conditions for the far-end radio terminal.Monitoring the far-end alarms can be helpful for radio installation and routinemaintenance.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 2-14 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.3.4 ControlsLoopback is a test method used which transmits either an internal or external testsignal and loops this signal back at the far-end radio (re-transmits the signal backto the near end). The near end then receives the signal. The loopback function isvery useful for testing the overall link performance. The test signal can bemonitored at the near-end using either a bit error rate (BER) test set, or the internaltest features, without requiring presence of a second person at the far-end radiolocation. Lynx DS-3 provides DS-3 loopback using both external and internal testsignal, as well as DS-1 loopback using external test source only.ERROR When lit RED, this indicates that a bit error occurred while in loopback mode. If youare not using a BER test set, this LED may be observed to determine if there areany bit errors during loopback, for example during an overnight test.DS3 This is a push-button switch that executes the loopback mode for the DS-3 channel.Loopback is initiated by pressing and holding this switch for approximately 3seconds. Once in loopback mode, the LED which is embedded in the switch isilluminated YELLOW to indicate that Loopback is ON. The LED on the near-endradio flashes while the far-end is solid. Loopback is disabled by pushing andreleasing the DS3 button on either the near-end or far-end radio.DS1 This is a push-button switch that executes the loopback mode for the wayside DS-1.Loopback is initiated by pressing and holding this switch for approximately 3seconds. Once in loopback mode, the LED which is embedded in the switch isilluminated YELLOW to indicate that Loopback is ON. The LED on the near-endradio flashes while the far-end is solid. Loopback is disabled by pushing andreleasing the DS1 button at either the near-end or far-end radio.Enabling either DS3 or DS1 loopback will interrupt traffic. This is an out-of-service test.DISPLAYFAR END This push-button provides the capability to determine alarms and status of the far-end radio. When pressed and held, the alarm and status LEDs and the RSL testpoint correspond to the far-end radio’s status and RSL value. This can be used forinstallation, maintenance and troubleshooting. When the LED on this switch isflashing, no far-end information is available. This typically indicates that there is nolink between near-end and far-end radios.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-152.3.5 ConnectionsORDERWIREThis connection is used to access the orderwire function. This is a facility for "telephone" styleservice from one radio to another. A standard electronic telephone [one with a handset and DTMF(push-button tone) dialing] plugs into this connector. The user can dial the orderwire address ofthe far-end radio (or any radio in the Lynx DS-3 network) to establish telephone communicationbetween sites. This communication does not interrupt or interfere with the other radiocommunications. The radio link must be operational to use this facility. The orderwire feature canbe very useful for installation, maintenance and troubleshooting.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 2-16 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.4 Rear Panel DescriptionThe Lynx DS-3 rear panel, as shown in Figures 2-4 through 2-6, has connections and DIPswitches that are used for installation, maintenance, operation and trouble-shooting. Prior toinstallation, you should familiarize yourself with the rear panel.Figure 2-4: Rear Panel, 5.8 GHz DS-3 (single band)Figure 2-5: Rear Panel, 5.3/5.8 GHz DS-3 (dual band)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-172.4.1 RF ConnectionThe RF port of the Lynx DS-3 radio is a 50 Ohm, N-type female connector that is an integral partof the filter assembly. The filter assembly occupies nearly the entire top half of the rear panel. TheN-Type connector is used to connect the antenna, typically using coaxial transmission line. Insome cases, waveguide may be used as the primary transmission line, in which case awaveguide-to-N adapter is required.For the Lynx DS-3, 1/2" or 5/8” coaxial cable (LDF4-50 orLDF4.5-50) is recommended. Coaxial cable that is 7/8” orlarger can exhibit moding at 5.8 GHz and is not recommended.For waveguide transmission line at 5.8 GHz, EW-52 waveguideis recommended. EW-63 will also work, but may exhibit moreloss.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 2-18 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.4.2 DATA Connections (DSX-3 and DSX-1)The connection for the DS-3 signal is BNC female (75 Ohm, unbalanced) as shown in Figures 2-4and 2-5.There are two types of connections available for the wayside DS-1 interface: RJ-48(C) and DB-9female. On any radio, either connector may be used as the DS-1 data interface.Using both RJ-48(C) and DB-9 simultaneously at any radio, willcause data errors.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-192.4.3 Auxiliary Data ConnectionsThere are 4 auxiliary data connections for Lynx DS-3 as shown in Figure 2-4 and Figure 2-5.VF This DB-25 male connector is used to link two Lynx DS-3 radios at a repeater sitefor Orderwire operation. This would allow orderwire "telephone" calls to and from anypoint in the Lynx DS-3 network. At a 4-way repeater site, the VF ports must beconnected to a 4-way, 4-wire bridge.The Lynx DS-3 orderwire circuit can also be connected to other existingorderwire networks. See Section 3.14.1 for details.ALARM This DB-25 female connector is used for monitoring alarms and status electrically.The alarm connections are essentially the same as described for the front panel,however instead of LED operation, alarm status is provided electrically by means ofTTL and Form C relay connections. The TTL and Form C relays can be connectedto other transmission equipment for monitoring alarm status locally or remotely. Inaddition to the Form C and TTL alarms, there are two analog monitor points.DIAG-NOSTICS This DB-9 male connector is a serial interface port (RS-232 or RS-422, ≤9600 baud)to the Lynx DS-3 radio. This port provides maintenance information about the LynxDS-3 radio(s) to a connected computer or terminal. This port is typically used formaintenance and troubleshooting or connection to network management systems.AUXDATA This DB-9 female connector is a serial interface port (RS-232 or RS-422, ≤9600baud) which allows the user to connect auxiliary serial data from one point in theradio network to another. This facility can also be used for bridging theDIAGNOSTICS port for remote alarm and status monitoring (TBOS networkmanagement) or for connecting other equipment's serial alarm information. It canalternatively be used for separate data connection for LANs or other serial devices.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 2-20 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.4.4 SwitchesThere are three sets of 8-segment DIP switches (SW1, SW2, and SW3) and two rotary switches(Address TENS and ONES) on the rear panel of the Lynx DS-3 as shown in Figures 2-4 and 2-5.These switches provide user configuration of several radio parameters. A brief explanation foreach function follows.Line BuildOut(DS-1)This set of switch segments allows the user to adjust the wayside DS-1 input signalto accommodate a variety of cable lengths from 0 to 655 feet to a DSX-1 interface.(see Section 3.12.3)Line Code This set of switch segments allows selection between AMI or B8ZS coding for thewayside DS-1 signal. (see Section 3.12.2)InputAlarmDisableThese switch segments allow the user to "turn off" the data loss alarms for the DS-1and DS-3 input channel. This can be helpful if the data channel is not in use or whileperforming a maintenance or installation operation to temporarily turn off the alarmindication. Even when the data loss alarm is disabled, the Lynx DS-3 will inject AISinto the transmitted data stream when there is a data loss condition. (see Section3.12.6)AISDisable This switch segment allows the user to select whether or not an AIS signal will beautomatically injected into the received T1 data stream at BER ≥ 1 x 10-3. This canbe useful for measuring threshold or when a T1 channel is not in use. The AIS willbe injected into the received T1 data stream if the radio loses sync (RX SYNC alarmactive), even if the AIS disable function has been selected. (see Section 3.12.7)Diag-nosticsProtocolThis switch segment is default set to Telemetry Bit Oriented Serial (TBOS) mode onthe diagnostics port. This is a non-proprietary network management protocol whichis common to some radio networks. The other selection is for factory use only. (seeSection 3.14.3)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-21EnableAux Data This switch segment allows the AUX DATA port to be optionally used as a clearservice channel for RS-232 or RS-422 (≤ 9600 baud) user data. The radio normally"bridges" the AUX DATA port to the DIAGNOSTICS PORT for TBOS radio networkmanagement.(see Section 3.14.4 or Appendix B)SecurityCode This set of switch segments allow the user to select the security code for the radio.Both ends of a radio system must be set to the same code. Users can protectagainst nearby similar radios that might pose potential security. If these switches arenot matched on the radios, the DS-3 data is muted and the AIS LED will flashrapidly. The selection of these switches does not improve immunity to interference.(see Section 3.12.5 or Appendix B)LoopbackMode This switch segment allows the user to select either the internal or an external testDS-3 signal for the DS-3 loopback function. DS-1 data loopback is only external andis not selectable. (see Section 3.12.4 or Appendix B)ErrorUnlatch This switch segment selects an optional mode for the ERROR LED to flash for eacherror occurrence (instead of latching on). This can be useful for short durationloopback testing when the operator is located at the terminal site and watching forerrors. (see Section 3.13.3 or Appendix B)Line BuildOut(DS-3)This switch segment allows the user to adjust the DS-3 output signal toaccommodate cable lengths (from 0 to 450 feet or from 450 to 900 feet) to a DSX-3interface. (see Section 3.12.3 or Appendix B)ChannelSelection This set of switch segments programs the radio to match the specific RF channelcorresponding to the RF filter set which has been installed. (see Section 3.12.1 orAppendix B)Address There are two rotary switches which determine the radio's address (01 to 99). Thisaddress is used for Orderwire signaling and for the DIAGNOSTICS port TBOSaddress. (see Section 3.14.1)Refer to Appendix B for Switch Settings
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 2-22 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.5 Installation AccessoriesThe Lynx DS-3 radio is shipped with several accessories commonly required for the radio asdescribed below:AC PowerSupply If ordered as an option, this power supply provides AC to DC conversion for usewith AC powered locations.AC PowerCord This power cord connects the AC Power Supply, if ordered, to a standard 115VU.S. AC outlet.Rack MountBrackets Two brackets (along with required mounting screws) are provided which allow 19-inch rack mounting of the Lynx DS-3 radio.TerminalConnector This is a 6-pin mating connector used for DC power supply.DConnector9-pinSix (6) of these mating connectors are provided. Three of them are used for theDIAGNOSTICS port interface, the AUX DATA port, and the DS-1 (T1) datainterface. The remaining extra connectors may be used as spares.DConnector25-pinThere are 2 mating connectors provided, one for the ALARM interface and theother for the VF interface.ModularConnector Up to 4 of these 8-pin modular mating connectors are provided. These connectorsare to be used for the DS-1 connection at the DS1 INTERFACE (RJ-48C).RF PowerAdjustmentCoverA small plastic cap is provided which is placed over the RF output poweradjustment receptacle once output power has been set by professional installationpersonnel.Other accessories are available, such as orderwire handsets, connector adapters and specialcables. These can be ordered separately upon request.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-23Your Notes on the Lynx DS-3 Radio
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-13. Installation & Adjustments3.1 Shipping ContainerThe equipment is shipped in boxes unless ordered as an integrated system and configured at thefactory, in which case the equipment may be racked and shipped in a crate. The equipment ispackaged so as to prevent damage in transit.The boxes should be left intact and sheltered until arrival at the installation site.If the shipping container shows signs of damage, thetransportation company should be notified immediately. Extracare and inspection of the contents is advised immediately uponreceipt.It is recommended that all the packaging materials be retained.In the unlikely event that the equipment must be returned to thefactory, use the original packing materials for return shipment.The original packaging materials are also recommendedfor transporting the equipment from location to location.Inside the primary shipping containers, internal boxes may contain other items. These boxesshould also be saved for future use.Also, save the Lynx DS-3 test data sheet that is provided. Thetest data sheet can be placed where the Lynx DS-3 terminal willbe installed for future quick reference. This sheet could also beplaced in the front pocket of this manual, and the manual keptat the radio location for future reference. All Lynx DS-3 units areindividually tested and the actual measured performancerecorded on the Factory Test Data Sheet. You will find thisinformation to be of use during installation, troubleshooting andmaintenance.A set of quick installation instructions is also provided which can be useful for easy referenceduring installation.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-2 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.2 Packing Items IdentificationThe primary shipping container houses the radio and an additional box. The box contains severalrelated items inside including:❖This manual❖Installation accessory kit (see Section 2.5)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-33.3 Before Installation Task ListThere are several tasks that should be accomplished prior to installing the Lynx DS-3 radiosystem. This section briefly describes the following:- Site selection- Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance determination- Anticipated RSL calculation- Fade margin calculation- Availability calculation- Frequency plan determination- Power supply planning- Antenna (and accessories) purchaseOnly directional antennas may be used with Lynx DS-3 radios.The Lynx Product Guide provides a more comprehensivedescription of these tasks.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-4 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.3.1 Site Selection RequirementsThe radio site must have:- access to the appropriate power- close proximity to the telephone or computer system you wish to interconnect- line-of-sight to the other radio location with adequate clearance- location for mounting the antenna
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-53.3.2 Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance GuidelinesThe Lynx DS-3 radios will not operate properly unless they have line-of-sight between theircorresponding antennas. The Lynx DS-3 radio transmission will not pass through trees or otherobstacles. Factors to consider include:- Earth curvature- Future growth of trees- Height of buildingsIn addition to the line-of-sight requirement, a well-engineered path will also have additional pathclearance to allow for signal loss due to partial obstructions, atmospheric ducting and groundreflections. To maximize radio reception, 0.6 times the first Fresnel zone should be calculated andthis distance added to the path clearance (in addition to trees or buildings).The Lynx DS-3 Product Guide should be consulted for furtherdetail on performing these calculations.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-6 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.3.3 RSL Calculation and Link BudgetIn USA, effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) limits apply in theU-NII bands. Output power may need to be reduced for certainshort paths.Maximum transmitter output power setting can be determined as follows:Max Transmitter Power (dBm) = E – G + FLwhere: E = 30 dBm for operation in the 5.25-5.35 GHz U-NII band 48 dBm for operation in the 5.750-5.825 GHz U-NII bandG = Antenna GainFL = Feeder Loss, including connectorsThe received signal level (RSL) can be estimated using the following formula:RSL (dBm) = Pout - FL1+ G1 + G2 - FL2 - Lpwhere: Pout is the transmitter output power (in dBm)FL1 is the feeder loss of the transmit side (in dB)G1 is the gain of the transmit antenna (in dB)G2 is the gain of the receive antenna (in dB)FL2 is the feeder loss of the receive side (in dB)Lp is the Path loss, defined by:Lp (dB) = 96.6 + 20 log10F + 20 log10Dwhere: F = Frequency in GHzD = Distance of path in miles (Dmiles = Dkilometers x 1.609)This link budget is very important for determining any potential problems during installation. If youhave calculated the expected RSL, you can see if it has been achieved during installation, andtroubleshoot if necessary.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-73.3.4 Fade Margin CalculationThe fade margin is the difference between the actual received signal and the radio’s threshold.Using the formula provided in Section 3.3.3, the anticipated RSL can be calculated. Compare thisRSL to the specified threshold of the Lynx DS-3 radio, which is shown in Section 2.2, andcalculate the fade margin as the difference between the two signal levels.Refer to the Lynx Product Guide for additional information onfade margin performance for various operational conditions.Dispersive fade margin is another factor that many microwave path engineers may use to plantheir link budget. For the Lynx DS-3, the dispersive fade margin is 38 dB, typical.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-8 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.3.5 Availability CalculationAvailability of the microwave path is a measure of the percent of the time that the link will operatewithout producing an excessive BER due to multipath fading. In the absence of direct interference,availability is affected by the following:- Path length- Fade margin- Frequency (5.3 and/or 5.8 GHz in the case of the Lynx DS-3 radios)- Terrain (smooth, average, mountainous)- Climate (dry, temperate, hot/humid)Depending on the type of traffic carried over the link, the system designer may wish to design fora specific availability. For example, if the data or voice traffic that is carried by the radio is criticalthen it may be designed for a very high availability (e.g. 99.999% or 5.3 minutes of outage peryear). To improve availability, for example, the fade margin can be increased by making the pathshorter, or by using higher gain, narrower beam antennas in conjunction with lower loss feeders(by using high quality transmission line or shortening feed length).Refer to the Lynx DS-3 Product Guide for additionalinformation on percentage availability performance for variousoperational conditions.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-93.3.6 Frequency Plan DeterminationWhen configuring radios in a hub or repeater configuration, careful engineering of the Lynx DS-3radio frequency plans and antenna locations should be performed in order to minimize potentialinterference between the nearby radios. As a rule of thumb, do not place identical frequency planradios (e.g. two “A” channel radios) at the same site. In most cases, it is desirable to use adifferent frequency plan (e.g. A versus B), this is available in the dual band (5.3/5.8 GHz) LynxDS-3. However, with careful engineering, placing more than one radio of the same frequencychannel plan at the same site can be accomplished. In fact, the Lynx DS-3 frequency plan isdesigned to allow complex hub configurations that may require re-using the same frequency plan.When designing these types of configurations, antenna size and antenna location are critical. Ifidentical channel plans must be used at the same site, the same radio channel (e.g. A1 and A1)should be used at a site to minimize interference. Using alternate channels (e.g. A1 and A2) isless likely to be successful (and therefore not recommended) due to the high level of transmitterto receiver isolation required from the antenna system.Sometimes it is required to locate the Lynx DS-3 radio nearby a transmitter that is the same as, orclose to the Lynx DS-3 receive or transmit frequencies. In this case, the Lynx DS-3 terminal thatshould be placed closest to this interfering transmitter should be the specific terminal with thereceive frequency which is furthest from this unwanted transmitted frequency. This approachminimizes the potential of interference. While interference conditions are rare when using theLynx DS-3 radios, cases of interference may be overcome by exchanging the radios from end toend or simply reinstalling the filter unit, as described in Section 4.2 (thus swapping the frequenciesof both ends of the radio link). In some cases, changing frequency plans (e.g. from A to B) canalso help mitigate any interference.Section 4.8 of this manual describes interferencecountermeasures in further detail.Single band Lynx DS-3 (5.8 GHz) operates using onefrequency pair (channel A1, A2). Dual band Lynx DS-3(5.3/5.8 GHz) operates using two frequency pairs (A1/A2 andB1/B2).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-10 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.3.7 Power Supply PlanningThe Lynx DS-3 radio must have access to a supply of appropriate power, either DC or AC (if theAC adapter option has been ordered). The Lynx DS-3 can be powered from a DC battery system,or from a solar or generator power plant, usually with battery reserves. Typically either a positiveor negative ground 24 or 48 volt supply is used.Before installing the radio, plan for the continuous power consumption needs in accordance withthe specifications given in Section 2.2 of this manual. It is also wise to plan for backup power forcritical communication circuits (including the Lynx DS-3 radio). Backup power allows the radiosand associated equipment to continue operation when primary power is interrupted.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-113.3.8 Antenna PlanningUsing the path planning tools and equations presented in the Lynx DS-3 Product Guide, properantenna size can be determined which will yield the desired path performance. In general, thelarger the antenna that is used with the Lynx DS-3 radio, the better the link will perform. Largerantennas have narrower beamwidth and higher gain, which will yield better link performance(higher fade margin, better availability) and improve immunity to interference (due to the smallerbeamwidths). However, larger antennas are more costly to purchase and install than smallerantennas, in some cases requiring special equipment for installation. All of these factors shouldbe taken into consideration when selecting an antenna. Consult the Lynx DS-3 Product Guide formore details on selecting antennas.Recommended AntennaSize Gain / 3 dB Beam Width 2 ft 29 dB / 6° 4 ft 35 dB / 3° 6 ft 38 dB / 2° 8 ft 41 dB / 1.5°10 ft 43 dB / 1.3°In areas where transmitted output power restrictions apply, theuse of larger antennas will maintain the benefit of narrowbeamwidths and receive gain. However, output power may needto be reduced to meet regulations. (See Section 3.13.1)Prior to installation, the specific antenna location and mounting should be determined. Thisadvanced planning also yields the transmission line requirements.Only directional antennas may be used with Lynx DS-3radios.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-12 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.4 Tools RequiredThe following tools may be required for the installation of the Lynx DS-3 radios:- Phillips (cross tip) screwdrivers (for 19-inch rack mounting and attachment of brackets)- Small blade standard screwdriver (for power supply connector and RF output poweradjust)- Soldering iron (if using any D-type connectors)- Wire strippers (for removing insulation from power supply and other wiring)- Digital Voltmeter (to measure RSL, Tx output power, Alarms)The following tools are recommended for the installation of the Lynx DS-3 radios:- RF power meter (to measure transmitter output power)- Cellular phone or two-way radio (for talking with far-end crew and tower crew)- Bit Error Rate test set (to test link after installation)- Touch-tone Telephone* (to test orderwire circuits and for communication with far-end)Additional tools will likely be needed for antenna and transmission line installation and antennaalignment. Consult Sections 3.8 through 3.10 of this manual for more details.*Telephone connection specifications:REN (Ringer Equivalency Number) 1.0 BRinging Voltage 48 VDC, typical(Ringing voltage is adequate for modern solid state ringers,NOT for the older mechanical type ringers)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-133.5 Frequency Channel PlansThe Lynx DS-3 offers several non-overlapping channel plans for the different models of radio.This channel plan arrangement allows users to implement Lynx DS-3 in the proximity of otherLynx DS-3 radios (planned or unplanned), hub and repeater applications, and can be used tomitigate interference. The channel plans are illustrated below in Figures 3-1 through 3-5. Section4.2 and 4.3 describe how to change frequency channel assignments of a Lynx DS-3 radio.Channel PairsA1 A2TX: 5,750 MHz →→→→RX: 5,750 MHzRX: 5,800 MHz ←←←←TX: 5,800 MHzFigure 3-1: Channel Plan, 5.8 GHz (Single Band)A1 A25,725 5,8255,750 5,800Frequency (MHz)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-14 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSChannel PairsA1 A2TX: 5,284 MHz →→→→RX: 5,284 MHzRX: 5,759 MHz ←←←←TX: 5,759 MHzB1 B2TX: 5,316 MHz →→→→RX: 5,316 MHzRX: 5,791 MHz ←←←←TX: 5,791 MHzFigure 3-2: Channel Plan, 5.3/5.8 GHz (Dual Band)5,250 5,284 5,316 5,759 5,791 5,825A1B1A2B2
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-153.6 Mounting the Lynx DS-3The Lynx DS-3 can be mounted at any height in a standard 19-inch rack. Blank rack-mountingspaces above and below the Lynx DS-3 are recommended, especially if the surroundingequipment dissipates a considerable amount of heat (over 50W).The Lynx DS-3 may be set up for mounting with the front edge projecting from the front face of astandard 19-inch rack using the rack mounting brackets enclosed with the screws in theAccessory Kit (4 per bracket). The rack mounting brackets may be reversed, in order to install forflush or cabinet mounting if preferred. Depending on rack configuration, it may be necessary toremove the four adhesive backed rubber feet on the bottom of the unit.The Lynx DS-3 has internal fans which intake and exhaust onthe left and right sides of the chassis. When rack mounting, itis important to leave a small gap between the outer edges ofthe radio and the inside edge of the rack.The Lynx DS-3 may alternatively be placed on a table or shelfattached to a wall. Because of the low weight of the Lynx DS-3,any mounting option other than rack mounting will be less secure.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-16 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.7 Power Connection and WiringThere is no ON/OFF switch on the Lynx DS-3. As soon aspower is applied, the equipment will be operational. Thismeans that there can be up to 1W of RF power present atthe antenna port. The antenna port should be terminatedbefore power is applied.Power is connected using the DC power plug contained in the Accessory Kit. Use Table 3-A or 3-B along with the associated diagram of Figure 3-5 or 3-6 to connect the DC power cables. Forexample, for a negative DC power input, use Table 3-A and Figures 3-4, 3-5 and 3-6.NEGATIVE DC POWER INPUT(–20 TO –63 VDC)PIN FUNCTION1 Power (–DC)2 Ground (see figure 3-5)3 Return (+DC)4 Return (+DC)5 Ground (see figure 3-5)6 Power (–DC)Table 3-A: DC Power Connection for Negative SupplyPOSITIVE DC POWER INPUT(+20 TO +63 VDC)PIN FUNCTION1 Return (–DC)2 Ground (see figure 3-6)3 Power (+DC)4 Power (+DC)5 Ground (see figure 3-6)6 Return (–DC)Table 3-B: DC Power Connection for Positive SupplyPins 1 and 6 are connected together on the motherboard. Eitherpin may be used to apply (-DC) DC power input. Similarly, pins3 and 4 are connected together on the motherboard and maybe used to apply (+DC) DC power input.For DC power return connection, connect to the oppositevoltage (either the -DC or the +DC Pin) and connect the returnto ground at the DC power plug on pins 2 and/or 5.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-173.7.1 DC Power WiringConnect the power cable with adequate current rating (minimum of 20 AWG) to the terminalsshown on the removed (not plugged into the radio) DC power plug using the screw connections.The recommended minimum current rating of external fuses and cables is 3 Amps. The Lynx DS-3 radios consume less than 1 Amp at ±48V and less than 2 Amps at ±24V.Each Lynx DS-3 terminal should be externally fused separatelywith a 5 Amp maximum fuse.If using negative power, connect the negative voltage to pins 1 or 6. Connect the ground returnconnection to pins 3 or 4. See Figure 3-6.If using positive power, connect the positive voltage to pins 3 or 4. Connect the ground returnconnection to pins 1 or 6. See Figure 3-7.The ground connection is available at pins 2 and 5. Either pin may be used to ground the returnside of the power supply. Do not ground both sides of the power supply.Proper grounding, either through the chassis and/or the powersupply, can be very important for protection from lightning. Agrounding screw hole is provided on the rear panel.The ground connection may be left floating if the power supplyis referenced to ground externally and to avoid ground loops insome configurations. However, this may not provide adequategrounding for lightning protection.Use a DVM (digital voltmeter) to verify voltage and polarity on the DC power plug.Do not connect the DC power plug to the rear of the Lynx DS-3terminal until a load is connected to the antenna port (either anRF pad, or an RF cable and antenna).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-18 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSFigure 3-3: Negative Voltage DC ConnectionFigure 3-4: Positive Voltage DC ConnectionMake sure that when connecting the mating plug that it isproperly oriented (terminal screws pointing up) and securelyfastened.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-193.7.2 AC Power ConnectionThe optional AC power supply operates from any AC voltage 100V - 250V and 50 Hz or 60 Hz.The AC supply is equipped with a mating connector that plugs directly into the Lynx DS-3 and anAC cord with a 3-pin AC plug. The AC cord color code is shown in Figure 3-8 in case users wishto replace the AC plug supplied with a different type of plug.Figure 3-5: AC Connection
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-20 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.8 Antenna ConnectionThe Lynx DS-3 is equipped with an N-type female connector at the antenna port located on therear panel. A short length (~6 feet) flexible jumper coaxial cable (or “pigtail”) that is rated for up to6 GHz and fitted with two N-type male connectors can be used to connect the antenna port to theantenna transmission line (see Section 3.9).A low loss 50-ohm cable (for example LDF4-50 1/2 inch coax) or EW-52 (using a N-type female towaveguide adapter) is recommended for the antenna transmission line between the top of therack and the antenna. The return loss presented by the transmission line at the top of the rackshould be as high as possible (20 dB, minimum recommended). The length of the antennatransmission line should be kept as short as possible (to minimize losses).To minimize feeder losses, the use of 5.8 GHz elliptical waveguide is recommended (typical lossis 1.25 dB/100 ft) for feeder lengths in excess of 200 feet. Depending on path length and feederlength, 1/2 inch coax cable can be used as well.For the Lynx DS-3, 1/2” or 5/8” coaxial cable (LDF4-50 orLDF4.5-50) is recommended. Coaxial cable 7/8” or larger canexhibit moding at 5.8 GHz and is not recommended for 5.8 GHzradios. For waveguide transmission line at 5.8 GHz, EW-52waveguide is recommended. EW-63 will also work, but mayexhibit more loss.Do not use right angle N-type connectors with the 5.8 GHz LynxDS-3 radios: they may present high loss at 5.8 GHz. Do not usea low quality N-type jumper cable with the Lynx DS-3. Somecable types, such as RG-8, may have high loss at 5.8 GHz.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-213.9 Transmission Line ConnectionThe transmission line feeder (such as LDF4-50 1/2 inch coax cable or EW-52 ellipticalwaveguide) should be prepared first by cutting to the approximate length (allowing some excess)and installing the appropriate connector on the antenna end.The prepared transmission line is then pulled through the cable ducts, trays or conduit (asrequired) to the antenna, while being careful not to kink or damage the transmission line in anyway.The transmission line should be supported in a tray on horizontal runs and by hangers on verticalruns. Hangers should be spaced according to the manufacturer’s instructions (typically every 5feet under conditions of no ice and not greater than 85 mph winds).The transmission line should be grounded using the manufacture’s recommended grounding kit.Grounding kits attach to the outer copper conductor. Grounds must be installed at the antenna, atthe bottom of the tower (if applicable) and where the transmission line enters the building. Longtransmission line runs should be grounded every 100 feet. In areas of high incidence of lightning,dissipaters should be attached to antennas. In addition, coaxial, in-line, spark-gap type, lightningsuppressors should be added at the bottom of the coax cable before entering thebuilding/enclosure.Any in-line lightning protection device must be rated for theoperating frequency of the Lynx DS-3 (5.3 /5.8 GHz).After installation, the transmission line is terminated with an N-type male connector/adapterattached at the equipment end. For waveguide, this typically requires a CPR-to-N adapter.Prior to operation, the electrical integrity of the transmission line, including all connectors, can bechecked with a simple DC check between the center conductor and outer conductor. (This isneither possible, nor required for waveguide).The transmission line should ideally be connected directly to the antenna at one end and to theLynx DS-3 antenna port at the other end. However, short RG-214 type pigtail jumper cables maybe required to avoid sharp bends in the transmission line to limit stress on either connection.7/8 inch coax cable or larger is not recommended for use at 5.8GHz and higher frequencies.Do not use right angle N-type connectors with the 5.8 GHz LynxDS-3 radios: they may present high loss at 5.8 GHz. Do not usea low quality N-type jumper cable with the Lynx DS-3. Somecable types, such as RG-8, may have too high a loss at 5.8GHz.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-22 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.10 Antenna Installation & AlignmentThe antenna installation consists of mounting the antenna on the tower, building roof, or otherlocation that provides line-of-sight path clearance to the far-end location. In general, antennassmaller than 4 feet diameter are not recommended for urban areas due to their widerbeamwidths, which results in higher interference susceptibility. For Lynx DS-3 radios, a minimumof 2 foot (0.6m) diameter (10° beam width) antennas is recommended.Antennas should be ordered with a suitable mounting kit specific to the site requirements. Forexample, specifying round or angle tower leg adapters, or a roof tripod as necessary.The antenna must be very rigidly mounted, with adequate room for azimuth and elevationadjustment.The antenna polarization must be the same at both ends of the link, either vertical or horizontal.In general, antenna mountings require a support pipe to which upper and lower support bracketsare attached with “U” bolts. The antenna and optional elevation and azimuth adjustment rods arethen mounted onto the support brackets. The whole structure must be adequately grounded forlightning protection. The antenna system must always be installed according to the manufacturer’sinstructions.Unless special test equipment is available, two operating Lynx DS-3 terminals are required toalign the antennas. Alternatively, a CW generator may be used to transmit a signal toward the endunder alignment.The antenna is coarse aligned using visual sighting and then fine aligned using the receive signallevel (RSL) voltage of the Lynx DS-3.The RSL voltage reading can still be used to peak antennaseven if the radios have not synchronized, however far-end RSLcannot be measured from the near-end terminal until radiosare synchronized.To coarse align the antenna, first set it for flat elevation (no up or down tilt) using a spirit level.Then point it at a heading marker obtained using a compass back-bearing from an adjacentlocation, (ideally, 100 feet or more away from the antenna).If a heading marker cannot be set sufficiently far away (for example when on a city building roof orlooking through a window) then a rough azimuth setting can be obtained by sighting along theantenna feed.Antennas used for this device must be fix-mounted on permanent outdoorstructures to provide 5 meters or more separation from all persons duringdevice operation to comply with FCC RF exposure requirements. Pleasecontact Western Multiplex factory for applicable gain and type restrictions toensure compliance.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-23It should be verified that both antennas are on the samepolarization by using the manufacturer’s instructions. Otherwisethe RSL will be approximately 25 to 30 dB below the calculatedlevel.Most antennas will also need fine alignment obtained using an operating link because it is veryimportant to maximize the receive RF signal level at each end of the radio link.Read Section 3.7 before applying DC power to the Lynx DS-3.Once the coarse alignment has been set-up at both ends, then the link can be powered and somelevel of reliable communication established. The voltage at the Lynx DS-3 front panel RSL testpoint should be measured with a DVM to determine the relative receive RF signal level.For the fine alignment, adjusting first the azimuth and then the elevation of the local antenna willmaximize the RSL signal level. Then the far antenna is aligned in the same way, using the RSLvoltage of its local Lynx DS-3. Higher negative voltage corresponds to weaker RSL.When aligning antennas it may be convenient to run two wires from the RSL and ground testpoints to the antenna so that the voltmeter reading is directly visible to the technicians aligning theantenna. Also, a cellular telephone or two-way radio may be useful for coordinating alignmentactivities between both ends of the link. Once the radios are coarse aligned and synchronized, thebuilt-in orderwire phone service can also be used to coordinate alignment between both ends ofthe link.An orderwire telephone will provide end-to-end voicecommunications once radios are synchronized. Synchronizationusually can be accomplished by coarse alignment only. Aftersynchronization, the orderwire phones can be used to communicatebetween radio sites for antenna fine alignment. The phoneinterconnect cable can be extended to the antenna when desired.The larger the antenna size, the more critical alignment becomes: for example, with a 2 foot dish,the antenna can be moved ±3 degrees off the correct heading before the receive signal leveldrops by 3 dB. This compares with a 6-foot dish which may only be moved ±1 degree for thesame degradation.The graph shown in Figure 3-9 shows the typical variation of RSL voltage as the receive signallevel is increased from threshold to a higher level. There is some variation between Lynx DS-3receivers, but an approximate estimate of the potential RSL value may be made using this figure.Use the Factory Test Data Sheet shipped with your Lynx DS-3 terminal toobtain the best estimate of your RSL.Above -5 dBm RSL, the receiver may produce errors: however this level is rarely likely to beexceeded. A link budget calculation should be made to calculate the anticipated RSL as described
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-24 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSin Section 3.3.3. During anomalous propagation conditions, the RSL may fade but will notincrease up more than 10 dB (except in unusual very long paths which may fade up by 15 dB).Antenna alignment should enable the RSL to be peaked to thelevel calculated in the link budget. If the RSL is peaked but isapproximately 20 dB below the calculated level, then it is likelythat the antennas are aligned on a sidelobe of the antenna'sradiated signal. In this case, the antennas should be rotated in awide arc until the main lobe is located. (Other possible causes oflow RSL are path obstructions, loss in connectors, adapters andpigtail jumper cables or different antenna polarization at each endof the link.)Tsunami 100BaseT Dual & Single Models0.000.100.200.300.400.500.600.700.800.901.00-80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50 -45 -40RSL (dB)VoltsFigure 3-6: Typical RSL Voltage versus Received Signal Level (RSL)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-253.11 DS-3 and DS-1 (T1) Interface ConnectionThe DS-3 interface connections at the rear panel of the Lynx DS-3 radio are BNC female, 75 Ohmimpedance.The DS-1 interface connection to the Lynx DS-3 is on the rear panel. The transmit and receivesignal pairs are wired at the same 9-pin, D-type subminiature connector (See Figure 3-10 for pinconnections). An 8-pin modular jack (RJ-48C) style connector is also available for DS-1connections (See Figure 3-11 for pin connections).The 9-pin, D-type subminiature connector on the Lynx DS-3 is a female connector. A mating maleconnector should be wired with twin shielded twisted pair cable. Note that the shield must be wiredto pin 2 or pin 4 on the radio end of the cable for grounding and not left floating.Additional external lightning protection devices arerecommended for the DS-1 connections if the radio isinstalled in an area prone to lightning.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-26 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSFigure 3-7: DS-1 Connection, 9-pin connectorFigure 3-8: DS-1 Connection, Modular Connector (RJ-48C)❖View from female socket at rear of shelf.❖“Line transmit out” is the output from the Lynx receiver, sent intothe DS-1 line.❖“Line receive in” is the input to the Lynx transmitter being receivedfrom the DS-1 line.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-273.12 DIP Switch SettingsA quick reference guide to all DIP switches is provided in Appendix B.DIP switch settings are noted by their position, either up (1), or down (0),not by on/off as may be printed on the DIP switch assembly.3.12.1 Channel SelectionThe single band Lynx DS-3 offers one channel plan, while the dual band Lynx DS-3 offers twochannel plans, i.e. A1/A2 and B1/B2 (see Section 3.5). There are DIP switch segments (numbers6 through 8 on SW3) which define the frequency channel plan of the Lynx DS-3 radio (refer toAppendix B). The DIP switches must be set to match the filter assembly that is mounted on theradio. For single band model, switch position 8 on SW3 determines the channel. For dual bandmodel, switch positions 6, 7, and 8 on SW3 determine the channel (refer to Appendix B).Radios are shipped from the factory with their DIP switch segments set to match the installedfilter.The radio channel selection is user adjustable by removing and replacing, or reversing the filterassembly. This allows units of the same radio model to be used as spares for both channel plansin the case of dual band Lynx DS-3.The DIP switch setting must match the filter assembly mounted on theradio. Also, both radios of a link must have opposite channel plans (e.g.A1 and A2).Consult Section 4.2 of this manual for more information on changing RFchannels. Consult Appendix B for proper frequency channel switchsettings.Other NON-standard frequency plans may be offered in the future. Inthese cases, follow the DIP switch setting on the filter label.Switch positions 4 and 5 on SW-3 are used for other parameters on theLynx DS-3.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-28 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.12.2 Line Code SelectionThe DS-3 line code is B3ZS and is not selectable. The standard factory selection for DS-1 linecode is Bipolar with 8 Zero Substitution (B8ZS). Should the Lynx DS-3 be required to betransparent to an Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) coding format of the DS-1 data stream, the linecode selection controlled by DIP Switch segments on the rear panel will need to be changed. If aB8ZS code is fed to the Lynx DS-3 while configured for AMI, bipolar violations will exist and errorswill be present in the line transmit output signal (DS-1). If an AMI code is fed to the Lynx DS-3while configured for B8ZS, bipolar violations will exist, but in this case, no errors will be present inthe line transmit output signal (DS-1).To change the line code selection from B8ZS to AMI, DIP switch segments will need to bechanged. Switch segment 3 on SW1 selects AMI or B8ZS for Channel 1 input. This is an out-of-service adjustment. See Figure 3-12.3AMI 1B8ZS 0Figure 3-9: Line Code Switch 3SW1 (REAR PANEL OF LYNX DS-3)10
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-293.12.3 Line Build Out SelectionLine build out accommodates different lengths of interconnecting cable for the DS-3 and waysideDS-1 (T1) connection. The standard factory selection for line build out (LBO) is 0-125 feet for DS-1 and 0-450 feet for DS-3. Interconnecting the Lynx DS-3 with other equipment with a cable lengthgreater than the length allowed by the standard LBO setting will require an LBO change. ChangingLBO is an out of service adjustment.To change the LBO strap selection from 0-125 feet to a different length, select the position of theDIP switch segments as shown in Figure 3-13. SW1 segments 1 and 2, and SW3 segment 3 canbe selected for different DS-1 and DS-3 LBO’s, respectively.DS-1 LBO 1 20-125 feet 0 0125-250 feet 1 0250-400 feet 0 1400-655 feet 1 1DS-3 LBO0 - 450 feet 0450 - 500 feet 1Figure 3-10: Line Build Out (LBO) Switches 1 2SW1 (REAR PANEL OF LYNX DS-3)10 3SW3 (REAR PANEL OF LYNX DS-3)10
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-30 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.12.4 Loopback Test Signal Selection (DS-3 only)The Lynx DS-3 allows loopback operation using an internally generated test DS-3 signal or usingan externally generated test DS-3 signal. DIP switch segment SW3-1 selects external vs internalDS-3 test source. The DS-1 loopback is done using ONLY external test source. See Figure 3-14.The factory setting for DS-3 loopback mode is internal.DS-3 LoopbackInternal Test Signal 0External Test Signal 1Figure 3-11: Loopback Mode SelectionSW3 (REAR PANEL OF LYNX DS-3)10 1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-313.12.5 Security Code SelectionThe security codes on radios in a hop must be matched, otherwise the two radios will notrecognize one another and will not communicate. The security code can protect the unit againstone that is not of the same security code by not communicating with that radio. Different codescan be selected using the SW2 DIP switch segments 1 through 8 on the Lynx DS-3 rear panel.The security code must be the same for both ends of a radiolink.The factory setting for security code DIP switches is down. are all set in the factory to code 0.Should the code need to be changed, then both ends of the link must be changed/set identically.Changing the security code is an out-of-service adjustment. See Figure 3-15 for DIP switchsegment settings. When security switches on the two radios are not matched, AIS alarm on thefront panel would be flashing and the DS-3 data will be muted.Figure 3-12: Security Code SelectionSW2 (REAR PANEL OF LYNX DS-3)10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-32 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.12.6 Input Alarm (Data Loss) Enable/DisableThe Lynx DS-3 provides a capability to enable or disable input alarms (Data Loss). On the frontpanel and over the alarm and diagnostic interfaces, an alarm condition is normally generated ifthere is no input DS-3 or or no input DS-1 data signal to the radio. For example the Lynx DS-3radio may have been installed in a location where wayside DS-1 signal is not in use. In this case, itmay be desirable to disable the input alarm to the wayside DS-1 channel so that local and remotealarms are not regularly generated by the (known) lack of this data input. When the network islater expanded to include traffic on the wayside DS-1, this switch can be set to enable the inputdata alarm condition. See Figure 3-16 for DIP switch segment settings.The factory setting is for all input alarms enabled.When a DATA LOSS alarm condition occurs, the Lynx DS-3will inject AIS into the incoming DS-3/DS-1 data stream, evenif the input alarms have been disabled.DS-1 SW1-4Input Alarm Enabled 0Input Alarm Disabled 1DS-3 SW1-5Input Alarm Enabled 0Input Alarm Disabled 1Figure 3-13: Input Alarm Disable SwitchSW1 (REAR PANEL OF LYNX DS-3)10 4 5
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-333.12.7 AIS Enable/DisableAIS (Alarm Indication Signal) is the blue code (all 1’s) that keeps the digital line interface activeunder data loss conditions. AIS is required by certain equipment to maintain synchronization (forexample, it is required on all leased line circuits). However, it is not required by all equipment (forexample, a CSU/DSU will initiate its own blue code to the line under data loss conditions).Under test conditions, when measuring receive threshold, for example, it may be necessary, todisable AIS to facilitate BER measurement.There is a user selectable DIP switch segment on the rear panel of the Lynx DS-3 that includesselection of the AIS function (on/off) at the receiver line output. When the AIS is selected (on), theDS-1 or DS-3 signal will send blue code to the line when the received BER on either signalexceeds 1 x 10-3. This function is similar to a data “mute” function. When the AIS is disabled (off),no insertion of data will take place unless an RX SYNC alarm condition occurs. The AIS switchoperates on DS-1 and DS-3 simultaneously. Refer to Figure 3-17 for DIP switch segmentinformation.The standard factory setting is to have the demodulator AIS alarm selected ON because itprevents a severely errored signal (possibly unsynchronized) from being sent out to the line.It is recommended that AIS be selected ON for normal operation.It is recommended that AIS be selected OFF for measuring BERat threshold.This DIP switch does not affect AIS injection into thetransmitted data stream upon a DATA LOSS condition.6AIS SW1-6ON 0OFF 1Figure 3-14: AIS SwitchSW1 (REAR PANEL OF LYNX DS-3)10
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-34 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.13 System Turn-up to Service1. Prior to installing the system, it may be desirable to perform a back-to-back test of the LynxDS-3 radio pair. Consult section 4.9 for further details. Back-to-back testing is a simple wayto verify that the Lynx DS-3 radios are fully operational before they are installed. Installationadds several variables (such as antenna alignment) which can lead to system turn-updelays. Also, during back-to-back testing, the DIP switch settings and some connectionscan be tested. This step can eliminate a majority of troubleshooting once the radios areinstalled.A cellular phone or two-way radio system (walkie talkie, CB,mobile radio) can be very useful during installation. Thesecan be used for temporary near-end and far-endcommunications between the installation personnel at onesite and installation personnel at the other site whileinstalling the system. These can also be helpful forcommunication between a person at the top of a very talltower and ground personnel.The Lynx DS-3 incorporates an internal Orderwire featurethat provides end-to-end “telephone” style communications.However, the link must be partially operational to use thisfeature. In lieu of, or in addition to the use of cellular phonesor two-way radio, this Orderwire feature can also be veryuseful for installation, but typically cannot be put into serviceuntil step 8 or 9 of this procedure is completed. See Section3.14.1 for more details.2. Perform a general alignment of the antennas on both ends of the path using binoculars,compass or other related tools. It is important to have the antennas aligned as accuratelyas possible before putting radio traffic over the link. This will help in getting the systemrunning more rapidly. See Section 3.10 for more details.3. Connect the transmission line to the antenna, and feed it to the Lynx DS-3 radio location(see Section 3.9). Connect the opposite end of the transmission line to the N-type femaleconnector located on the filter assembly which occupies the top half of the Lynx DS-3 rearpanel. The connection must be terminated into an antenna or a load before DC power isapplied to the radio.4. Verify that DIP switch settings for frequency channel selection match that of the filter thatis installed on the rear of the radio. Consult 3.12.1 for further details. The far-end radiomust have the same channel plan (e.g. A, B) as the near-end radio, and the opposite Txand Rx frequencies (e.g. A1 and A2 make up a matched pair of radios).5. Verify that the DIP switch settings for security code selection are the same for both endsof the radio link (see Section 3.12.5).6. With the DC power source active, but not plugged into the Lynx DS-3 radio, using avoltmeter, confirm that the DC mating connector has the proper power connections inaccordance with Section 3.7. Verify the polarity and the absolute voltage on all pins. Verifyground connection for power.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-357. Connect power to the Lynx DS-3 radio. Verify that the Front Panel “ON” LED indication isilluminated. This confirms that power has been properly applied.Ensure that the RF Antenna port connection is properlyterminated before applying power to the Lynx DS-3 terminal, asin step 3.When the Lynx DS-3 radio is initially powered-on, some alarmconditions may be present. This is normal and alarms can beignored at this time.8. Place a voltmeter across the GND and PWR front panel test points. See Figure 3-18 and3-19 for voltage setting information and Table 3-C for typical output power levels for givencable lengths where EIRP limits apply. Consult the Lynx DS-3 Product Guide for PathPlanning to establish proper level for this setting. If necessary, use a small screwdriver atthe front panel receptacle to adjust the output power of the local transmitter in accordancewith the path analysis calculations. The recessed potentiometer is rotated clockwise toincrease transmit output power and counter clockwise to decrease transmit output power.After verifying correct setting of the transmit output power, disconnect the voltmeter.Place the cover cap found in the installation accessory kit over the front panel receptacle.The Lynx DS-3 requires professional installation. With someLynx DS-3 models, in certain countries, there may be EffectiveIsotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) limits which dictate themaximum output power that the Lynx DS-3 radio can transmitgiven the transmission line loss and the gain of the antenna.Consult with appropriate government agencies or WesternMultiplex if there is any question regarding maximum outputpower allowed.In the USA, 5.8 GHz models may be operated at full power. 2.4GHz models may require a power reduction of 1 dB from +30dBm input power, as measured at the antenna feed, for every 3dB that the antenna gain exceeds +6 dB. See Section 3.3.3 andTable 3-D for more details.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-36 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSTransmitter Output(measured at the antennaport)Voltage(measured at the frontpanel TX PWR test point)+ 15 dBm 1.7+ 10 dBm 0.6+ 5 dBm 0.3 0 dBm 0.2- 8 dBm (min) 0 voltsFigure 3-15: Typical RF Output Power versus PWR VoltageUse the Lynx DS-3 Factory Test Data sheet to determinemore precisely the voltage corresponding to the RF outputpower.Use the Lynx DS-3 Factory Test Data sheet to determinemore precisely the voltage corresponding to the RF outputpower.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-37For precision measurement of transmit output power, it is bestto connect an RF power meter to the antenna port. The PWRport voltage may not provide enough precision. This isespecially important where EIRP limits apply to the installation.In cases of no EIRP limits, the radio transmitter output powercan be adjusted to maximum for installation, except for veryshort paths using very high gain antennas, where excessivepower may not be advised.Don’t forget that the RF output port should be terminated at alltimes when power is applied to the Lynx DS-3 radio. Therefore,disconnect power to the radio before connecting a power meterand reapply power once connected. Often, an RF power metermay have a limit to the input power that it can measure withoutdamage. It is advised to place a calibrated fixed value RFattenuator (typically 20 dB or more) between the Lynx DS-3radio and the power meter to assure proper operation and safetyfor the RF power meter. The value of this fixed attenuation canthen be added to the value of the RF power meter reading toobtain the actual Lynx DS-3 radio transmitter output power.9. Connect a voltmeter across the GND and RSL front panel test points. Thisvoltage reading corresponds to the Received Signal Level (RSL) of the near-end radio. Inother words, RSL is the “amount” of signal the near-end radio is receiving from the far-end radio. Since the antennas have not been finely aligned, it is not expected at this timethat the RSL will indicate very high. However, at this point it can be verified that somecommunication is taking place between the two Lynx DS-3 terminals. Use the RSLvoltage reading to align the antennas. Align one antenna at a time in accordance withSection 3.10. Complete alignment of both ends of the radio link before going further.The RSL voltage output on the radio's front panel will output avoltage range over the full receiving capability of the radio(approximately 0 VDC at 0 dBm to -0.8 VDC at threshold).The Lynx DS-3 has a unique feature of allowing measurement of the far-end RSL fromthe near-end radio. This is only possible if the Lynx DS-3 radios are communicating (theRSL is above threshold). The far-end RSL can be used to verify that adjustments to localantenna alignment are corresponding to the far-end radio reception. Far-end RSL ismeasured by pressing and holding the DISPLAY FAR END front panel button. While thisbutton is held, the RSL voltage indicates the RSL of the far-end radio. RSL of both endsshould be verified to be within approximately 5 dB of predicted value (see Section 3.3.3).There are several factors that can contribute to low RSL:- Incorrect antenna alignment (aligned on a lobe and not on the main signal)- Improper polarization alignment of antennas (horizontal vs. vertical)- Transmission line problems (loose connections, bent or damaged cables, lossyadapters)- Path obstructions (trees, buildings, hills, etc.)- Path clearance (line-of-sight, earth curvature, Fresnel zone, diffraction and partial
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-38 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSobstruction)- Weather (inversion layers, ducting and multipath)- Antenna feed (coaxial/connector) problemThe Lynx DS-3 requires professional installation. Don’t forgetthat the transmitter output power adjustment on the Lynx DS-3 radio effects the RSL. Depending on EIRP limits (if any),path distance, and antenna gain, you may need to adjust theoutput transmit power to the proper level before putting theradios in service.If radio synchronization has been established, the radio linkmay be able to provide some limited communications over thelink. It can be helpful to establish voice communications fromone end of the radio link to the other using the Orderwirefeature of the Lynx DS-3 radio. See Section 3.14.1 for details.If RSL is lower than anticipated, recheck the path clearance and transmission line as these arethe typical causes of low RSL. Radio operations can be verified by connecting radios back-to-backwith attenuators (40-60 dB), (see Section 4.9). If the problem remains, consult Section 4 of thismanual for troubleshooting techniques which will help determine the source of the problem.10. Once RSL is verified to be near the predicted value, the radio link is ready for data. Youmay verify error-free operation by using the loopback function, as described in Section3.13.2 or BER testing, as described in Section 4.10. If the link is not error-free, seeSection 4.7 for troubleshooting guidelines.11. Once radio performance is verified and acceptable, with loopback mode turned off (pressthe ENABLE button, the LED will turn off), the Lynx DS-3 radios can now be put intoservice with the intended T1 traffic. Connect the T1 signal to the DS-1 Interface 9-pin Dconnector or the RJ-45c connector. Refer to Section 3.11 for pin configurations of theseconnections. With T1 traffic applied in both directions, all front panel LEDs, except forPOWER and any unused T1 ports, will be off. If LEDs are lit, consult Section 4 of thismanual.12. Now that the link is operational, other services can be connected including Orderwire,Diagnostics, Alarms and Aux Data (Service Channel). Consult Section 3.14 for details onthese connections.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-393.13.1 Output Power AdjustmentThe Lynx DS-3 requires professional installation. In certain cases, it is necessary to adjust theoutput power from the factory setting, for example:❖to meet EIRP (effective isotropic radiated power) limits.❖to avoid exceeding the maximum far-end RSL of 0 dBm.❖to coordinate a hub or repeater location.To ensure maximum protection of the radio circuits, alwaysensure the antenna connector is terminated when power isapplied.For precise measurement of transmitter power, a calibrated RF power meter (such as the HP435B with Power Sensor HP8481) is recommended. This power sensor can be connected directlyto the output of the radio without exceeding the power rating. With some power meters, it may benecessary to place a calibrated in-line fixed attenuator between the radio antenna port and thepower meter so as to not exceed the power meter’s maximum input level. Thruline power metersdo not operate at Lynx DS-3 RF frequencies.If adjusting the output power to meet an EIRP limit, it will be first necessary to calculate the overallsystem gains and losses, including feeder losses for the type of transmission line installed and theantenna gain, as shown in the Lynx DS-3 Product Guide. Also refer to Table 3-C or 3-D fortransmitter output power settings where installed with various transmission line lengths andantenna sizes. You may determine the radio transmit power for EIRP limited installations by thefollowing equation:Max Transmitter Power (dBm) = E – G + FLwhere: E = 30 dBm for operation in the 5.25-5.35 GHz U-NII band 48 dBm for operation in the 5.750-5.825 GHz U-NII bandG = Antenna GainFL = Feeder Loss, including connectorsOutput power may be adjusted using a small screwdriver and rotating the potentiometer which isrecessed behind the front panel. Clockwise rotation increases output power while counter-clockwise rotation decreases output power.In lieu of a calibrated RF power meter, the PWR test port voltage can be used to estimate theoutput power. The factory test data sheet should be used to establish a more precise setting ofthis adjustment.After setting the correct output power, place the cover cap(found in the installation accessory kit) over the front panelreceptacle.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-40 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.13.2 Loopback/BER TestingWhen a pair of Lynx DS-3 radios are installed and communicating with each other, a loopback orBER test can be performed to evaluate the link performance.The Lynx DS-3 uses an internal test signal for DS-3 loopback. Alternatively, an external test signalcan be injected, as described in Section 3.12.4. Additionally, a DS-1 loopback may be performedusing an external DS-1 test source such as a T1 BER test set. Any T1 test pattern may be used tomake measurements at one end of the link, provided the test sequence contains adequate 1’sdensity, which is no more than 15 consecutive zeros.A 215-1 or QRSS test may be used. However a 223-1 test willviolate the 1’s density requirement.1’s density requirements only apply when AMI line coding isused. The Lynx DS-3 factory default setting is for B8ZS linecoding (see Section 3.12.2).To loop around the far-end radio, press either the DS-3 or the DS-1 loopback push button (locatedon the radio front panel) and hold for approximately 3 seconds, then release. The orange LED onthe loopback enable push button should now be blinking.If the DS-1 or DS-3 loopback button LED is illuminated and notblinking, this means the far-end radio has initiated loopback(either manually or through the DIAGNOSTICS port).When loopback is enabled using the internal test signal, the ERROR LED should not illuminate ifthe path is operating error-free. If the ERROR LED illuminates, this means that at least one biterror has occurred.The DATA LOSS LED will illuminate if the external test signal mode has been selected (seeSection 3.12.4) and there is no external test signal present at any of the DS-1 ports (9 pin,modular, or bantam connector). When using external test mode and an external test signal, theERROR LED function does not apply. In external test mode the ERROR LED will not illuminate,even when errors are present.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-41An external BER test set is required for statistical BER analysis. Disconnect all external DS-1signals and connect the BER test set to the input and output DS-1 MONITOR bantam jacks.Select external test mode (see Section 3.12.4) and initiate loopback using the ENABLE loopbackbutton. Now the BER test can be initiated. Section 4.10 describes BER testing in more detail.Loopback may be turned off at either end of the link by simplypressing the ENABLE button at either end.If two BER test sets are used to measure the link performance(one at each end) separately in each direction, frame slips willoccur unless the BER test sets are synchronized with one testset as the master and the other as the slave.For multiple capacity radio models, only one loopback channelmay be used at any one time. Loopback cannot be performedon more than one channel.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-42 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.13.3 Error LED Mode SelectionThe ERROR LED illuminates if any errors are present in the data stream during loopback. ThisLED is only functional when using the internal test signal.The default mode for this LED is “latched”. That is, when a single error occurs, the LEDilluminates and stays lit until loopback is turned off. This mode is especially useful for long term(overnight) testing, or any time that an operator is not watching the radio during loopback testing.There is an optional mode for this LED which is “unlatched”. This allows the user to “view” theerror rate. In this mode, the LED will flash on each time a single or multiple error occurs. The LEDturns off if no further errors occur. This mode can be useful if a BER test set is not available andthe user wishes to determine the nature of any error conditions (bursting, dribbling, occasional).In “unlatched” mode, when any errors occur, the ERROR LED will illuminate for a minimum of onesecond. If errors continue within this one second interval, the LED will remain on until there are noerrors for 1 second.The two modes for this LED are selected by a rear panel DIP switch, as shown in Figure 3-20.ERROR LED SW3-2ERROR LED Unlatched 1ERROR LED Latched 0Figure 3-16: Error LED Mode SelectionIn the LED unlatch mode, after 100 errors the ERROR LEDwill remain lit to indicate excessive errors.SW3 (Rear panel of LYNX DS-3)10 2
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-433.14 Additional ConnectionsThere are additional customer connections which are optional and are not required to make theLynx DS-3 operational but may prove useful.3.14.1 Orderwire Connection and Address SelectionOrderwire is a “telephone” type wayside service which allows users of the Lynx DS-3 radio toestablish voice communications from one radio to another, either directly to the companion far-end, or through a repeater configuration, or several repeater configurations.Telephone connection specifications:REN (Ringer Equivalency Number) 1.0 BRinging Voltage 48 VDC, typical(Ringing voltage is adequate for modern solid state ringers,NOT for the older mechanical type ringers)This Orderwire service does not affect the normal radio transmission of T1 traffic. Refer to Section2.3.5 for the telephone specifications. For simple near-end to far-end communications, follow thesteps below:1. Using a small screwdriver, set the address of both terminals by rotating the address rotaryselection switches on the rear panel of the Lynx DS-3. The address is a two digit number(from 01 to 99). Each Lynx DS-3 terminal in the network should have a unique address. Thisaddress acts like a “phone number” for other users to call a particular terminal. Each LynxDS-3 terminal should have a unique address.Radio pairs (links) are shipped from the factory with addresses set to01 or 02. Therefore, if only one pair is being used, address selectionmay not be necessary. Also, in a connected spur network, it may bedesirable to maintain orderwire telephone addresses between 01 and08 because the address doubles as the NMS/TBOS net addresswhich is limited to the addresses 01 through 08 (see Section 3.14.3.3for more information).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-44 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSFigure 3-17: RJ-11 Orderwire Telephone Connection2. Using a standard RJ-11 telephone cable, connect a standard electronic telephone (a touchtone phone, complete with dialer; a handset by itself will not work) to the Orderwire connectoron the Lynx DS-3 front panel. This connector is wired identically to a standard two-wiretelephone jack, see Figure 3-21 for details.3. With a telephone connected to each Lynx DS-3 terminal on opposite ends of the link, eithertelephone can be used to “dial-up” the far-end location. Simply pick up the handset of thenear-end telephone and dial the two-digit address of the far-end Lynx DS-3 terminal. The far-end terminal’s internal ringer and the connected telephone will ring, and if answered, two-wayfull-duplex voice communication is established.If using the Orderwire or Network management functions, allLynx DS-3 radios connected must have unique address settings(telephone numbers).The orderwire address is set by two rotary switches on the rearpanel of the Lynx DS-3. Use as small screwdriver to select theorderwire address (01 through 99).4. If the Lynx DS-3 radios are connected in a repeater configuration, Orderwire services can beestablished to all Lynx DS-3 terminals in the network by implementing a connection of theirrear-panel connectors between repeater terminals. At the repeater site, a cable can beconnected to the two Lynx DS-3 terminals between their rear panel VF 25-pin connectors asshown in Figure 3-22. With this cable in place, the Orderwire function will operate at terminalsat each end of the repeater and at the repeater site. This function can be continued throughseveral repeater sites if desired. For hub connections of 3 or more Lynx DS-3 radios at thesame site, an external 4-wire bridge is required to connect all radios to the orderwire.The orderwire system can be integrated with orderwireequipment supported by many other vendors. If your existingorderwire network uses 2 digit addressing, and 0 dBm VFinterface, it can be connected to a Lynx DS-3 as shown inFigure 3-22.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-45Dialing a ✶ (star key) on the orderwire telephone implements an“all call” feature which rings all connected radios. Also, if aphone anywhere in the connected network has accidentallybeen left off-hook, the # (pound key) key can be used to muteall off-hook handsets until they are placed on and off hookagain.The orderwire operates like a “party line”. All telephones providecommunication to all other telephones in the connectednetwork. Even if a particular telephone does not ring, it can stillbe used to talk and listen to any ongoing orderwire activity if theorderwire is in use at other terminal locations.Figure 3-18: VF Port and VF Connections
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-46 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.14.2 Alarm ConnectionsExternal alarm outputs are provided at the 25-pin, D-type subminiature ALARM connector. Thereare two Form C summary alarm relays capable of switching 30 VDC at 1 A. Also, individual alarmlogic outputs capable of sourcing and sinking 1mA are provided. These individual alarms interfaceto a single standard TTL load. When the unit is IN ALARM = “0”, the TTL output is 0 V to ±0.5 V.When the unit is NO ALARM = “1”, the TTL output is +3.5 V to +5.5 V. See Table 3-E and Figure3-23 for Alarm Connections.The “summary” alarm (Form C relay) is activated by any near-end front panel LED alarmcondition, including if the loopback mode is enabled.The “out-of-service summary” alarm (Form C relay) is activated by any of the following alarmconditions:❖RX SYNC❖Radio Fail❖Loopback EnabledFigure 3-19: Pin Connections, ALARM Interface
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-47PIN 2 DS-3 DATA LOSS - in alarm if no incomingDS-3 data is received into the transmitter.This alarm may be disabled by DIP switchselection (see Section 3.12.6).PIN 16 NC, SUMMARY ALARM, FORM C - normallyclosed connection on summary alarm relay.PIN 4 DS-1 DATA LOSS – in alarm if no incomingDS-1 data is received into the transmitter.Data Loss is activated when the input signaldrops below 0.97 volts for 175 bit intervalsand is deactivated as soon as the input signallevel rises above 0.97 volts. Radio transmitsAIS to the far-end if in alarm. This alarm maybe disabled by DIP switch selection (seeSection 3.12.6).PIN 17 NO, OUT OF SERVICE SUMMARY ALARM,FORM C - normally open connection on out-of-service summary alarm relay. Closed whenin alarm.PIN 6 BER - in alarm when the received signal isdegraded to an error rate above radiothreshold (approximately 1 x 10-6)PIN 18 C, OUT OF SERVICE SUMMARY ALARM,FORM C - common connection for the out-of-service summary alarm relay.PIN 8 AIS OUT - in alarm when the BER exceeds 1x 10-3 for the received signal, or when there isan RX SYNC alarm condition. Near-end radioDS-1 line output has AIS when in alarm. Thisalarm may be disabled as described inSection 3.12.7.PIN 19 NC, OUT OF SERVICE SUMMARY ALARM,FORM C - normally closed connection on out-of-service summary alarm relay. Open whenin alarm.PIN 10 FAN - in alarm when one or both of theinternal fans are not operative. PIN 21 NOT USEDPIN 12 FAR-END - in alarm when the far-end radiohas an alarm condition. PIN 22 NOT USEDPIN 14 NO, SUMMARY ALARM, FORM C - normallyopen connection on summary alarm relay.Closed when in alarm.PIN 24 TX PWR MON - voltage equal to the TX PWRfront panel voltage.PIN 15 C, SUMMARY ALARM, FORM C - commonconnection on the summary alarm relay. PIN 25 RSL MON - voltage equal to the RSL frontpanel voltage.PINS 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 20, & 23 GROUND, CHASSIS CONNECTIONTable 3-C: Alarm Interface ConnectionsAll alarms are active for a minimum of one second, or as longas the alarm condition persists, which ever is longer.TTL signals are “in alarm” when there is a TTL zero condition(0 V to ± 0.5 V).3.14.3 Diagnostics Port OperationThe Diagnostics Port is used to retrieve diagnostic or network management information about theLynx DS-3 radios by means of a computer connection. This can be accomplished locally or
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-48 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSremotely. Remote diagnostic port connections require either a modem (not included) connectionbe made to the serial port, when a local dial-up phone line is available at a radio site, or by meansof direct connection through the AUX DATA port (Service Channel). The use of the AUX DATAchannel can provide a “network management” port where serial interface data is available from allLynx DS-3 radios in a network, provided that they are configured properly for this type ofoperation. (This section and Section 3.14.4 describe this further).The diagnostics port allows connection of either EIA standard RS-232 or RS-422 devices to polland receive status of the Lynx DS-3 radio. This serial port provides similar information to thatwhich is normally available to a local operator by means of visual alarms and status (front panelLEDs, ADDRESS, DIP switch settings etc.), including voltage level measurements (such as RSL,PWR) and alarm port (see Section 3.14.2) status. The diagnostics port can also provide extendedinformation including some advanced diagnostics and configuration information. Any informationthat is available on the far-end terminal is also available at the near-end Diagnostics port (such asfar-end RSL, far-end alarms) by means of bridging the AUX DATA port (as described in Section3.14.4). A DIP switch is used to define the command protocol for this port as shown in Figure 3-24. The default setting is for TBOS commands (as described later in this section). The othersetting is for factory use only.Figure 3-20: Diagnostic Port Protocol Selection
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-493.14.3.1Diagnostics Port using RS-232For RS-232 diagnostics connection to the Lynx DS-3 radio, connect the serial device (modem,computer, terminal) to the male 9-pin subminiature connector in accordance with Figure 3-25.Figure 3-21: RS-232 Diagnostic Port ConnectionsPins 6 through 9 must not be connected for RS-232communications to operate properly.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-50 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.14.3.2Diagnostics Port using RS-422For RS-422 Diagnostics connection to the Lynx DS-3 radio, connect to the serial device (modem,computer, terminal) to the male 9-pin subminiature connector in accordance with Figure 3-26.Figure 3-22: RS-422 Diagnostic Port ConnectionsDo not connect devices to both the RS-232 and RS-422connections of the Diagnostics Port. This will cause dataconflicts that will result in errors over the interface.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-513.14.3.3TBOS Protocol and MapThe diagnostics port is configured for an open industry standard protocol, called Telemetry ByteOriented Serial (TBOS). TBOS is a poll and response protocol that operates on a RS-422 4-wireinterface, one pair for transmit data (requests) to the radio, and one pair for receive data(responses) from the radio. TBOS is asynchronous, serial, half duplex transmissions of ASCIIwords which consist of one start bit, 8 data bits, odd parity and two stop bits at 1200 baud. Theconnected terminal (remote or local) can poll the radio and determine status of the connectedLynx DS-3 radio. The Lynx DS-3 is also able to communicate TBOS commands over the RS-232connections, instead of the RS-422 connections if desired.TBOS operates with a bit-map structure where each bit that the connected Lynx DS-3 radio sendsto the TBOS terminal has a specific meaning with regard to status, alarms or controls. All TBOSnetwork elements require a map for the network management software to interpret theirresponses to queries from the terminal. Table 3-F provides the TBOS map for the T1 Lynx DS-3radios.The near-end RSL and Tx power test point voltages are encoded as 8 bit words that can beconverted into reference voltages (the same as at the front panel of the radio.The address of the radio (see Section 3.14.1) serves as the “display” page number for the TBOSdata. Since TBOS is limited to eight (8) displays of data, it is required that addresses of 01through 08 be used for Lynx DS-3 radios in TBOS networks. Any radio with addresses other than01 through 08 will not report to the TBOS bit-map. In order to view status displays of far-endradios, or other radios in the connected network, the AUX DATA port must be in Bridge (default)mode as described in Section 3.14.4.Alarm points within the TBOS map behave like the radio frontand rear panel alarms. If DIP switches have been set to disablealarms, the alarms are disabled within the TBOS map.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-52 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSByte Poin Bit Type Scan Point Definition Control Point Definition Notes1 7 S Model ID MSB2 6 S Model ID LSB+2 0000=DS3 Single Band 5.8GHz3 5 S Model ID LSB+1 0001=DS3 Dual Band 5.8GHz / 5.3GHz14 4 S Model ID LSB5 3 N/A Future Use6 2 S Channel Plan ID MSB SW3 pos 6 00=A, 01=B, 10=C7 1 S Channel Plan ID LSB SW3 pos 78 0 S Channel Plan Tx High/Low 1=transmit high, 0=transmit low9 7 A Radio Fail Alarm10 6 A AIS Out Alarm11 5 A Fan Alarm212 4 A Rx Sync Alarm13 3 A Loopback Error Alarm14 2 A BER Alarm15 1 A Far-End Alarm16 0 A Telemetry Down Alarm17 7 A Data Loss DS3 Alarm18 6 A Data Loss DS1 Alarm19 5 A Link ID Mismatch Alarm Near End SW2 pos not matched with Far End SW2320 4 N/A21 3 S Data Loss DS3 Alarm Disabled SW1 pos 522 2 S Data Loss DS1 Alarm Disabled SW1 pos 423 1 N/A24 0 N/A25 7 S Loopack Test Source SW3 pos 1, 1=external (valid for DS3 only)26 6 S Loopback Error LED Mode SW3 pos 2 , 1=latched (valid for DS3 only)27 5 S/C Loopback DS3 Channel Loopback DS3 Channel Front panel switch428 4 S/C Loopback DS1 Channel Loopback DS1 Channel Front panel switch29 3 N/A30 2 N/A31 1 S AIS Disabled SW1 pos 632 0 S Bridge Disabled SW1 pos 833 7 S/C DS1 Line Code SW1 pos 334 6 N/A35 5 N/A536 4 N/A37 3 S Far-End Address Invalid 1=Address>0838 2 S Far-End Address MSB 000=01, 001=02, 010=03,39 1 S Far-End Address LSB+1 011=04, 100=05, 101=06,40 0 S Far-End Address LSB 110=07, 111=0841 7 S Near-End RSL MSB42 6 S Near-End RSL MSB-143 5 S Near-End RSL MSB-2644 4 S Near-End RSL MSB-3 8-bit word derives voltage or dBm45 3 S Near-End RSL MSB-446 2 S Near-End RSL MSB-547 1 S Near-End RSL MSB-648 0 S Near-End RSL MSB-749 7 S Near-End Tx Power MSB50 6 S Near-End Tx Power MSB-151 5 S Near-End Tx Power MSB-2752 4 S Near-End Tx Power MSB-3 8-bit word derives voltage or dBm53 3 S Near-End Tx Power MSB-454 2 S Near-End Tx Power MSB-555 1 S Near-End Tx Power MSB-656 0 S Near-End Tx Power MSB-757 7 S Both Fans Bad Only applies if Point 11=158 6 S Tx Synth Unlock Only applies if Point 9=159 5 S Rx Synth Unlock Only applies if Point 9=1860 4 S Input Line Driver Only applies if Point 9=1 (sums all input alarms)61 3 N/A62 2 S TBOS Map MSB 000=Primary Map63 1 S TBOS Map LSB+1 100=High capacity (this one)64 0 S TBOS Map LSBTable 3-D: TBOS Map for the Lynx DS-3
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-533.14.4 AUX DATA (Digital Service Channel) ConnectionThe AUX DATA port is a separate wayside serial port which can be configured to allow theconnection of any user serial data (to 9600 baud) through the radio network. In the defaultconfiguration, this service channel is “bridged” to the diagnostics port, providing TBOS networkmanagement for far-end radios including radio network management through repeaters and hubs.Connection to the AUX DATA port is an RS-232 or RS-422 serial interface, identical to thediagnostics port (see Section 3.14.3). This port does not affect the T1 traffic on the Lynx DS-3radio.For TBOS network management, or when the AUX DATA port is used as a clear service channel,co-located radios can be wired to one another to provide the information throughout the network.At a repeater or hub location, bridging is accomplished by cable connections between co-locatedLynx DS-3 radios, via their AUX DATA ports, as shown in Figure 3-27 and 3-28. Figure 3-29illustrates the pin-to-pin connections for this configuration. There is a related DIP switch position,as shown in Figure 3-30, that makes the AUX DATA port usable for customer data instead of theTBOS network management information. The factory default setting for this DIP switch is forTBOS network management.For non-TBOS external site management systems can be used with the Lynx DS-3 radios; Figure3-26 shows a typical application. Here the reporting relies on external devices to communicateover the clear service channel of the Lynx DS-3 radio. Each radio is given a site location (seeSection 3.14.1) and information on the radio status and control is fed through the diagnostic portto a remote terminal unit (RTU). These RTUs have the capability of providing for other externalinputs at the remote site, for complete network management. Communication from each RTU isfed via the RS-232 port to the AUX DATA connector on the radio, in this configuration no bridgingis required.RTUs that do not support TBOS can alternatively connect tothe Lynx DS-3 alarm connector for discreet TTL alarms and/ortest point voltages.If you are using TBOS network management and want fullinformation on the far-end radio (even in a single-hopapplication), the bridge function must be enabled.The service channel can only be used for TBOS networkmanagement or for Aux data, not both. When selected forTBOS, no other data should be connected to the AUX DATAport.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-54 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSFigure 3-23: Repeater and Hub TBOS Radio Network ManagementFigure 3-24: Repeater Application with Site Network Management
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-55Figure 3-25: AUX DATA Cable Connection for Repeater/HubSW1-8(See Appendix B)Figure 3-26: AUX Data Selection
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 3-56 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.14.5 Monitored Hot Stand-by ProtectionThe monitored hot stand-by configuration (MHS) can beimplemented using the DS-3 Protection Switch. Contactfactory for specifications and application informationTypical MHS configuration is shown in Figure 3-31.Figure 3-27: MHS Configuration
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-57Your Notes on the Lynx DS-3 Radio
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-14. Troubleshooting4.1 Regular MaintenanceThe Lynx DS-3 radios do not require any regular maintenance, however it is prudent to monitorthe radio link at regular intervals to assure that the link conditions are not changing. When visitinga radio site for maintenance, the following items may be checked and their results recorded:❖RSL Voltage❖PWR Voltage❖Far-end RSL Voltage❖Alarm conditions❖Verify radio has adequate ventilationIf any alarm conditions exist, they should be recorded, and troubleshooting procedures from thisSection of the manual should be followed.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 4-2 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.2 Changing Frequency PlansThe Lynx DS-3 RF frequency selections are listed in Section 3.5. The near-end radio and the far-end radio must be corresponding (e.g. A1 / A2). The frequency of a given Lynx DS-3 terminal isset by the specific filter, the physical orientation of this assembly, and the setting of correspondingDIP Switches. (See Section 3.12.1 for more details.)With respect to a given filter, the frequencies are fixed, because tuned RF filters are required fornormal operation. Changing of the (pre-tuned) radio frequencies may be required when installingspares or for special situations, such as interference mitigation. This is accomplished by installingan alternate filter or re-orienting the existing filter (diplexer).For any given model of Lynx DS-3, the frequency channel can be changed by swapping and /orre-orienting the filter.It is not necessary to remove the cover assembly of the LynxDS-31. Remove the two screws which mount the filter to the Lynx DS-3 chassis.2. Slowly remove the filter from the chassis being careful to not endanger the cables that areconnected to the rear side of the filter.3. Disconnect the two SMA connectors that are attached to the rear of the filter.4. Select the new filter or orient the existing filter such that the frequency channel label on thefilter (showing the DIP switch positions) is right-side-up corresponding to the desiredfrequency channel.5. Connect the two SMA connectors to the new or reoriented filter.6. Slowly place the wired filter assembly so that it is flush with the rear panel.7. Install the two screws which mount the filter to the rear panel.8. Refer to the rear panel filter label or Section 3.12.1 for DIP Switch settings to correspond tothe new filter.On the single-band Lynx DS-3, the filter assemblies of A1 andA2 terminal are NOT identical. And there is a circulator in eachdiplexer, so they can not be interchanged. However in the caseof dual-band Lynx DS-3, the A1 can be converted to a B1 orvice versa, by changing the diplexer and setting the DIPswitches. The same applies to A2 and B2. DIP switch selectionsneed to match the filter orientation, per the appropriate filterlabel.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-34.3 Using a Spare TerminalFor single-band Lynx DS-3 radios, i.e. model 27710-91XX and model 27750-91XX, a similar(single band) model must be used. The diplexer on the single band model is unique and containsa circulator at the antenna port, therefore the diplexer can not be rotated to accommodate for bothA1 and A2 options. That is, for the single-band, a single-band terminal plus one of each type ofdiplexer is required to accommodate for both A1 and A2 option radios.For dual band (model 27700-91XX) Lynx DS-3 radios, one spare terminal can be used for eitherA1/B1 and a different spare terminal can be used for A2/B2. Spares for dual band Lynx DS-3(5.3/5.8 GHz model) are band dependent, and one must be A1/B1 and the other must be anA2/B2. This will require stocking for two terminals as usable spares. A terminal can be re-channelized from an A1 to a B1 only, or an A2 to a B2 only, but A1/B1 cannot be re-channelized toan A2/B2, as each split band transceiver cannot invert frequency bands. A minimum of onediplexer type may be kept as a spare, because it is bi-directional and can be inverted 180 degreesto change from A1 usage to A2, or B1 usage to B2 or vice versa. See Section 4.2 for changingfrequencies of a spare radio.Customers with several radios, or radios in critical operations are encouraged to purchase one ormore spare radios of each model in their system. This will allow rapid restoration of radio servicein the unlikely event of a radio failure.Single Band SpareRequired Hardware Dual Band Spare (A1/B1)Required Hardware Dual Band Spare (A2/B2)Required Hardware27710-91A2X Terminal 27700-91A1X Terminal 27700-91A2X TerminalA1 Diplexer Same diplexer covers B1option as well Same diplexer covers B2option as well
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 4-4 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.4 Technical SupportWestern Multiplex provides 24-hour telephone technical support for installed Lynx DS-3 radios.Customers are encouraged to troubleshoot the radio and link in accordance with the latter part ofthis section in this manual before contacting Western Multiplex. Western Multiplex also has alimited supply of Lynx DS-3 radios that can be loaned to out-of-service customers for installationwhile units are being repaired. Loaner supply is limited, and is only used for critical applications ona first-come, first-served basis.Customer service #: +1 (408) 542-5390.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-54.5 Repair PolicyThe Lynx DS-3 terminal includes comprehensive alarm indicators designed to diagnose potentialfaults. Should a fault occur, it often may be resolved by operator adjustment.Should a fault occur that cannot be resolved by operator adjustment and has been confirmed bylooping terminals together on the bench (See Section 4.9), then the equipment should be returnedto the factory for repair.The Lynx DS-3 is a complex system not designed for user repair. Do not remove the cover oropen any part of the Lynx DS-3 terminal. The complete Lynx DS-3 terminal should be sent back inits original packing material for factory repair.Please contact the factory in advance of returning the product. You will be assigned a ReturnMaterial Authorization (RMA) number that authorizes your return. Units sent to the factory withoutan RMA number may be delayed in the processing of the repair. Be sure to include the followinginformation:❖RMA number❖description of the problem❖your name and telephone number❖return shipping address❖urgency of repairPlease refer to the published Warranty policy W96-10 forcomplete repair policy details. This document is included in thefront of this manual.Lynx radios should be packaged in their original packing boxesfor shipment whenever possible. Western Multiplex can providean empty box shipment to facilitate proper packaging.Regardless, proper and adequate packaging must be used forshipments to protect the radio(s) from damage. WesternMultiplex can not be held responsible for any repairs due toinadequately packed materials. Damage caused by improperpacking will likely result in higher repair costs and delays (referto the Warranty section at the beginning of this manual).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 4-6 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.6 Front Panel Status LEDsThere are several front panel status LEDs on the Lynx DS-3. These LEDs indicate conditionswhere either a hardware failure has occurred or the radio link is not optimum. In many cases, acombination of LEDs may be illuminated. The following sections describe the necessarytroubleshooting procedures should any LED(s) indicate a problem during or after installation.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-74.6.1 DATA LOSS AlarmsFunction:These DATA LOSS Alarms indicate that no DS-3 and/or DS-1 is present at the rear panel datainterface. The DS3 DATA LOSS alarm relates to the DS3 input (BNC) port, while the DS1 inputalarm relates to the DS1 input (RJ-48C or DB-9) ports. The data loss alarms do not indicate aradio hardware failure.The capacity of the radio will determine how many DATA LOSSLEDs there are on the front panel.Sometimes the wayside DS-1 is not used at all, or will be usedin the future. In this case, the DS1 alarm will be active becauseno DS-1 signal will be present. This alarm can be defeated byselecting SW1-4, a rear panel DIP switch, in the upsideposition, as described in Section 3.12.6.When there is a data loss condition, even if the data loss alarmhas been disabled, the Lynx DS-3 injects AIS into the (RF)transmitted DS-1 signal.Possible Causes:❖No DS-3 and/or DS-1 connection present at rear panel❖Improper pin connections of DS-3 and/or DS-1 connector(s)❖No data on DS-3 and/or DS-1 input connector(s)Recommended Actions:1. Check to make sure that there is a DS-1 connection present on either of the three DS-1connectors (9-pin D, 8-pin modular jack or Bantam) for the channel in alarm.On a multiple-capacity radio, if the alarm is on a channel which isunused at this time, the alarm condition can be disabled by a rearpanel DIP switch, as described in Section 3.12.6.(continued)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 4-8 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING2. Verify that the DS-1 line has data active at the radio connection. This can beaccomplished using a BER tester or signal analyzer at the bantam jacks on the rear panelof the radio. Also, signal activity can be verified by using an oscilloscope.When monitoring the incoming DS-1 signal using the rear panelbantam jack, the BERT must be bridge terminated. Do notdouble-terminate the DS-1 interface.3. Verify that pin connections have been made properly (in accordance to Section 3.11).Make sure that you have connected the DS-1 with respect to DTE or DCE, depending onthe DS-1 transmitting device.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-94.6.2 BER (Bit Error Rate) AlarmFunction:This LED indicates that the traffic being received from the far-end radio is exceeding the bit errorrate threshold of the radio (approximately 1 x 10-6). This indicates that radio traffic currently haserrors on it which may exceed acceptable levels. This LED will stay ON as long as the BERthreshold is being exceeded. In some cases, it will turn ON and OFF, in which case there arebursts of errors causing intermittent degradation to the received data. In all cases, the LED will beon for at least 1 second for any group of errors which exceed the threshold, whether they are aburst of errors or a long string of errors.If the RX SYNC alarm is on the near-end or far-end radio inaddition to the BER alarm (on the same radio), the RX SYNCalarm should be the first priority for troubleshooting.Possible Causes:❖Path fading due to atmospheric conditions (usually accompanied by Far-End BERalarm) and low RSL voltage reading❖Poor transmission line connections (usually accompanied by Far-End BER alarm) andlow RSL voltage reading❖Antenna problems, misalignment or path clearance (usually accompanied by Far-EndBER alarm) and low RSL voltage reading❖Interference❖Received signal level (RSL) is too strong❖Far-end radio transmitter circuitry is faulty or Tx Power adjusted incorrectly (too low)❖Near-end radio receiver circuitry is faulty❖Incorrect setting of the LINE CODE and/or LBORecommended Actions:An internal loopback test should be performed to verify that errors are occurring over the link:❖Verify that the near-end radio is set for Internal test mode and Latched Error LED (bothdefault settings of rear panel DIP switch positions, as described in Sections 3.12.4 and3.13.3).❖Press and hold (for approximately 3 seconds, then release) the Loopback Enableswitch on the front panel of one radio (this will take radios out of service). Let this testrun for a few minutes.❖If the ERROR LED illuminates, this is verification that errors are on the link andtroubleshooting should continue. Also verify for both radios that the Line Build Out DIP
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 4-10 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGswitches and DS-1 Line Code settings are in accordance with external DS equipment(see Sections 3.12.2 and 3.12.3).❖Press the Loopback Enable switch to deactivate loopback mode.Next measure RSL by placing a voltmeter across RSL and GND test points. Compare this voltageto the Factory Test Data Sheet and estimate the RSL in dBm. Compare this to the RSL that wasexpected using path calculations (see Section 3.3.3). Press and hold the DISPLAY FAR ENDbutton and measure the far-end RSL (while continuing to hold the button). Compare this RSL tothe Factory Test Data Sheet for the far-end radio and estimate the RSL in dBm. Again, comparethis RSL to the expected RSL from the link budget calculations.If RSL from both ends of the radio are approximately the same as each other, but lower thananticipated for this installation, then the likely cause of the BER alarm(s) is excessive lossesbetween the radios. Excessive loss problems could include the transmission line at either end, alladapters, connectors, the antennas, the antenna alignment as well as the path itself (anyobstructions or clearance problems). Antenna alignment, line-of-sight and path clearance shouldbe verified; if this does not improve RSL, all devices between the radios and their antennas atboth ends should be checked. Make sure all transmission line, connectors and any other devicesare properly rated for operation at the radio's frequency.If only one end has low RSL, this could be caused by low transmit output power from the oppositeend radio. Verify that the transmitter output power of the radio opposite to the low RSL receiverhas been set in accordance to path calculations, or EIRP restrictions (where applicable). Poweradjustment must be performed by professional installation personnel only. The PWR test pointcan be used and compared with the Factory Test Data Sheet, the front panel recessedpotentiometer can be turned clockwise to increase power. If an RF power meter is available, thiscan be connected to the RF output of the radio for precision measurement. This test will alsoverify that the radio transmitter is working properly.If one terminal (or both) has high RSL, this could be caused by a very short path or interference.To verify the possible presence of interference, remove DC power to the radio which is opposite tothe one that is reading high RSL. Once power is removed, measure RSL on the remaining radio.If RSL voltage is higher than that which is listed for "Threshold" in the Factory Test Data Sheet,then an interfering signal is present. If interference is suspected, the easiest potential remedy is toswap frequency channels on both sides of the link. See Section 4.2 for details. Swap frequencieson both terminals so that they are the opposite from their original settings (e.g. change A1 into A2and A2 into A1). Make sure that you change the DIP switch settings to correspond to the channelchange. After both ends are changed, reconnect the radios and determine if the BER alarm is stillactive. If the BER alarm is still active, other frequency channels can be installed, or otherinterference countermeasures can be tried, in accordance with Section 4.8.If the BER alarm continues, an external BER test should be performed to verify the extent of biterrors on the link. See Sections 4.9 and 4.10 for details on bit error rate testing. A BERT can beconnected on one side of the link, the External test mode selected on the near-end radio,loopback enabled and bit errors evaluated. If the BER is above acceptable levels, continue totroubleshoot the link.If all path related and data input problems have been pursued and the BER alarm is still active,the problem could be related to a radio failure. While radio failure is typically indicated by moresevere alarm conditions, it is possible that one of the radios may be out of specification, and thiscould be the cause of the BER alarm. A back-to-back test will verify proper radio operation. SeeSection 4.9 for details. A threshold test on both radios along with a test to verify proper RF output
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-11power would be beneficial.Perform a back-to-back test before returning any radio terminal tothe factory for repair. A back-to-back test verifies radio operation.(See Section 4.9).If the radios successfully pass their back-to-back testing, the problem is likely with the path or theconnections between the radio and the antenna or interference. Before reinstalling the radios, besure to set the output power to the appropriate level for the installation and set rear panel DIPswitches to the desired settings for the installation.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 4-12 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.6.3 RX SYNC (Receiver Synchronization) AlarmFunction:This LED indicates that the demodulator function is not synchronizing with the intended receivedsignal.When the RX SYNC alarm is active, the Lynx DS-3 radio injects AIS onto the received DS-3 andDS-1 (line transmit out), even if AIS has been disabled by rear panel DIP switch setting.Possible Causes:❖Severe path fading due to atmospheric conditions (usually accompanied by Far-End RXSYNC or BER alarm) and low RSL voltage reading❖Poor transmission line connections (usually accompanied by Far-End RX SYNC or BERalarm) and low RSL voltage reading❖Antenna problems, misalignment, or path clearance (usually accompanied by Far-EndRX SYNC or BER alarm) and low RSL voltage reading❖Improper radio settings (frequency channel, security code)❖Interference❖Far-End radio transmitter circuitry is faulty❖Near-End radio receiver circuitry is faultyRecommended Actions:Check the following at each end of the link:❖Verify that rear panel filters are opposite channel plans on each end (e.g. one is A1 andother is A2).❖Verify that rear panel DIP switch settings match each installed filter (see Section3.12.1).❖Verify that each radio is set to the same security code (see Section 3.12.5).❖Verify that all connections between radios and antennas are secure and all devicesbetween radios and antennas are rated for the radio frequency band.If RX SYNC alarm continues, follow recommended actions for a BER alarm as described inSection 4.6.2.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-134.6.4 AIS OUT (Alarm Indication Signal)Function:This LED informs the user that the near-end receiver is operating at BER ≥ 1 x 10-3 or is notreceiving data and is therefore injecting AIS to the line transmit out of the DS-3 and DS-1connectors.If the AIS has been disabled by rear panel DIP switch, AIS will not be injected onto the linetransmit output unless there is a loss of sync (RX SYNC alarm).Possible Causes:❖Local receiver has lost lock (RX SYNC)❖Local receiver is operating at BER >1 x 10-3Recommended Actions:1. Follow recommended actions for a RX SYNC alarm, as described in Section 4.6.3.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 4-14 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.6.5 FAN AlarmFunction:This alarm activates only when one or both of the internal fans are faulty.Possible Cause:❖Faulty fan inside the radio.Recommended Actions:1. Check environmental conditions of the radio. Assure that the ambient temperature at the radiolocation is within specification of the radio. If not, apply environmental conditioning to radiolocation or place radio at alternate location where the environmental specifications are met.2. Visually inspect radio mounting area and ensure that right and left sides of the radio chassisare unobstructed for airflow.3. Verify that at least one of the internal fans are operational by temporarily covering some of theventilation holes on the right side of the radio (as you face the front panel) with a thin piece ofpaper. Slowly pull the paper outwards away from the ventilation holes to determine if the fan ispulling the paper toward the chassis. This can also be checked on the opposite side of thechassis to verify that the fans are pushing air out of the chassis.4. If at least one fan is working you may wish to postpone repair, as long as the unit is operatingwithout any other errors (the radio is designed to operate with only one fan)5. If neither fan is working or if typical operating environment is greater than 30°C, it isrecommended that the unit be repaired at the soonest opportunity. Return the radio to thefactory for repair. See Section 4.5 for details.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-154.6.6 RADIO FAIL AlarmFunction:The RADIO FAIL alarm indicates a known problem with the radio hardware.Possible Causes:❖Internal synthesizers are unlocked❖Internal digital circuits have failed❖DS-1 connection is incorrectRecommended Actions:1. Disconnect the DS-1 connections from the rear panel.2. If RADIO FAIL alarm clears, check DS-1 connections for proper pin connections andimpedance as described in Section 3.11. Check rear panel LBO DIP switch settings asdescribed in Section 3.12.3.3. If RADIO FAIL alarm does not clear, remove power from the unit.4. Check to make sure power supply voltages are within specification.5. Even if the voltages were within specification, reapply power to the unit.6. If RADIO FAIL alarm clears, place the radio back into service.7. If RADIO FAIL alarm does not clear, perform a back-to-back test to verify radio operation, asdescribed in Section 4.9.8. If RADIO FAIL alarm is still active in a back-to-back test, return the radio to the factory forrepair (see Section 4.5).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 4-16 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.6.7 FAR END AlarmFunction:This LED indicates that there is an alarm condition present on the far-end radio. When theDISPLAY FAR END button is pressed (and held), the status LEDs indicate the alarm conditions ofthe far-end radio.Possible Cause:❖One or more alarm condition(s) exist on the far-end radioRecommended Actions:1. Press and hold the DISPLAY FAR END button and observe the LED status.2. Follow instructions for troubleshooting the far-end radio in accordance to the appropriateLEDs which are in alarm, as described in Section 4.6.1 through 4.6.6.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-174.7 Errors in the Data StreamWhen the radio is in service, errors in the data stream may occur. This is usually known to theoperator by either faulty data indications of downstream equipment, external bit error rate testing,or ERROR LED indications during internal loopback testing.During internal test mode loopback testing, if an error is detected, the ERROR LED will illuminate.In default mode, this lamp will stay lit during loopback testing if a single error is detected. IfLoopback has been performed over a period of time and the ERROR LED does not latch on, theradio link is operating completely error-free.The ERROR LED only operates in internal test signal loopbackmode. Use a BERT to detect errors when using an external testsignal. See Sections 3.12.4, 3.13.2 and 3.13.3 for more details.It is possible that no alarms appear on the front panel during normal operations, but there areerrors present in the data stream. If the BER LED is lit, this indicates rather severe errorconditions and it is best to follow the procedures provided in Section 4.6.1. However, some errorswill not result in the BER alarm (such as bipolar violations, slow "dribbling" errors, improperlyterminated DS-3 or DS-1 connections or incorrect settings of LBO or Line Code DIP switches), butwill be exhibited on downstream data processing equipment or during a BER test. In other cases,there may be data errors due to atmospheric conditions (fading), interference or other reasons,but not at a high enough error level to be indicated with the BER alarm LED. In the case of thesetypes of errors, the following information can be helpful to troubleshoot the radio link.Indications:❖In Loopback Mode, ERROR LED is illuminated❖During external BER test, test equipment indicates errors❖Downstream equipment (mux, channel bank, CODEC, router, etc.) indicates errorsPossible Causes:❖Path fading due to atmospheric conditions❖Poor transmission line connections❖Antenna problems, misalignment or path clearance❖Received signal level (RSL) is too strong❖Incorrect Line Code setting (DS-1 only)❖Incorrect Line Build Out (LBO) setting❖Far-End radio transmitter circuitry is faulty❖Near-End radio receiver circuitry is faulty❖Interference
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 4-18 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGRecommended Actions:1. Verify DIP switch settings corresponding to DS-1 Line Code (AMI or B8ZS) on both radios, asdescribed in Section 3.12.2. They must be the same setting for both ends of the radio foreach corresponding data channel (data channel 1 or data channel 2). Channel 1 and channel2 can be different from one another if required by external interface equipment.2. Verify DIP switch settings corresponding to Line Build Out (LBO) length on both radios, asdescribed in Section 3.12.3. These may be different for each connection but need to matchthe length of the DS-1 cable connected to each data port.3. Verify that external equipment is also set to the proper DS-1 Line Code (AMI or B8ZS),matching that of the Lynx DS-3 radio setting.4. Verify DS-3 and DS-1 wiring in accordance to Section 3.11.5. Even if the BER alarm LED is unlit but errors continue, follow the instructions described inSection 4.6.2
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-194.8 Interference CountermeasuresThe recommended interference countermeasures available to the Lynx DS-3 operator are asfollows:1. Short PathsThe single most effective countermeasure against interference is to maintain "short path" length.This may be achieved by dividing long paths into multiple small paths by cascading hops.Intermediate repeaters may be formed using back-to-back Lynx DS-3 terminals and transmitoutput power reduced, if required.By definition, "short path" is defined as a path where fades are extremely rare and signal levelsvary by no more than ±3 dB during fades. This distance will vary with the RF frequency. Typicallya "short path" is defined as any path length shorter than 5 miles at 5.8 GHz.2. Narrow Beam Antennas (high gain)This is the next most effective countermeasure. Narrow beam antennas ensure that thetransmitted power is sent in a single direction and this minimizes the possibility of causinginterference inadvertently to other users. Narrow beam antennas also reject off-azimuth signalsbeing received from potential sources of interference and have high gain which boosts desiredreceive levels and improves the carrier to interference ratio. When selecting narrow beamantennas, it is helpful to know that larger antennas generally outperform smaller antennas.Another important antenna specification is the front-to-back ratio which ensures rejection ofunwanted signals from azimuth angles behind the antenna.3. Frequency SelectionThis is another very effective countermeasure. The Lynx DS-3 offers several distinct non-overlapping frequency channel plans (see Sections 3.5 and 4.2) and the radio's RF filter is able toreject interference more than 20 MHz away from the receive frequency. Offset frequenciescombined with other countermeasures may enable several receive channels to operate at a singlehub site. Interference can often be overcome by exchanging frequencies of both-ends of the radiolink (e.g. change your A1 terminal to an A2 and change the other end from an A2 to an A1). Also,changing channel plans (e.g. from A to B) can be very effective. (See Section 4.2).4. Antenna PolarizationCross-polarized antennas can provide approximately 20 to 30 dB discrimination of unwantedsignals. The actual discrimination will depend upon the antenna design and any rotation ofpolarization along the path, for example, due to reflections. Discrimination only exists between twoorthogonal polarizations:- vertical vs. horizontal or- left-hand circular vs. right-hand circularThere is only 3 dB discrimination between circular and linear (vertical or horizontal) polarization.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 4-20 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGInterference can sometimes be overcome by changing antenna polarization at both ends of thelink.5. Transmit PowerThe maximum level into the receiver is -5 dBm. Above this level, errors may occur in the receivedata stream. Transmit output power should be reduced on very short paths to avoid overload.6. Equipment/Antenna LocationOccasionally, interference is caused by the radio or the antenna being too close to another similartransmitter. For example, other high powered transmitters may cause interference. Moving theradio, the antennas, or the interfering equipment can reduce or eliminate interference.Interference countermeasures rely to some extent on themeasurement of the received interference level and frequency.Prior to turning up a new hop, a spectrum analyzer can be usedto monitor the spectrum at each end to check for possibleinterfering signals. See Section 4.8.1 for more details.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-214.8.1 Use of a Spectrum Analyzer to Evaluate Potential InterferenceConnecting to the antenna and using "peak hold" on a spectrum analyzer, the spectrum between5.725 GHz and 5.825 GHz (for single-band radios) or 5.250 GHz and 5.825 GHz (for dual-bandradios) can be swept and any signals being received at levels above the radio's specifiedthreshold identified. If potential interfering signals are found, then the Lynx DS-3 frequency plancan be changed to avoid a receive channel which may contain significant interference (seeSection 4.2).For example, interference may be reduced by moving a from the A1/A2 plan to the B1/B2 plan(dual-band option only) or by swapping terminals or RF filters so that A1 becomes A2.Signals outside the range of 5.725 GHz and 5.825 GHz (forsingle-band radios) or 5.250 GHz and 5.825 GHz (for dual-bandradios) may be ignored: they will not cause interference.If a spectrum analyzer is not available, the RSL voltage can be used to indicate the backgroundnoise and interference level within the receiver RF filter band when the far-end transmitter isturned off. With the far-end radio turned off, if an RSL voltage level above the radio's thresholdlevel is measured, there is potentially interference in this frequency channel.When using a spectrum analyzer for determining the presenceof interference, very narrow resolution bandwidth settings mustbe used to detect signals down to the radio's threshold(approximately –78 to -82dBm).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 4-22 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.9 Back-to-Back TestingBack-to-back testing, as shown in Figure 4-1, is an ideal method of testing the Lynx DS-3 radios.This testing eliminates link problems caused by auxiliary equipment, installation, or the radio pathand isolates potential radio hardware problems. Back-to-back testing must be performed with bothradios at the same location. The following test equipment is required:❖DC power source capable of supplying approximately 90 Watts (total) to the radios (ortwo AC adapters)❖One low-loss coaxial cable, N-to-N male❖One (or more) coaxial in-line calibrated fixed attenuators, 40 to 80 dB total attenuationThe following test equipment may also be useful to perform further testing of the Lynx DS-3 radio:❖BER tester❖Variable (60 dB range or more) RF attenuator (rated for the proper frequency, 5.8 GHz)❖RF power meterBack-to-back testing must be performed to verify a radioproblem before returning any radio to the factory for repair.When the equipment is connected as shown in Figure 4-1, without connecting the BER tester,both Lynx DS-3 radios should have no alarm conditions, except for DATA LOSS. When Loopbackis enabled at either end, no errors should be registered by the ERROR indication. If theseconditions have been met, then it is likely that the Lynx DS-3 is operating in accordance tospecifications. If errors or alarms occur during this test, verify that all DIP switch settings areproperly set. If alarms or errors are still present, the radio is likely to be faulty.If further troubleshooting is required for the radios themselves, a variable RF attenuator can beinserted between the radios to fade down the path to determine that the threshold specification isbeing met. The BER and threshold tests can be run in both directions to isolate the radio problem(if any). More information on BER testing is provided in Section 4.10. An RF power meter can beused to individually test each radio's output power.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-23Figure 4-1: Back-to-Back Test Configuration(When using a BER tester, initiate loopback on connected Lynx DS-3 and select external testmode as described in Section 3.12.4.)The Lynx DS-3 radios will be damaged if appropriate attenuationis not supplied between radios. You must provide a minimum of40 dB and no more than 80 dB attenuation between the tworadios.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 4-24 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.10 BER (Bit Error Rate) TestingBit error rate (BER) testing is the preferred way to evaluate a radio link's performance. It can beperformed from end-to-end or in loopback mode (which tests both directions of the radio path).Figure 4-1 illustrates a typical BER test configuration for loopback testing (which may include theradio's path instead of in-line attenuators). Figure 4-2 illustrates a typical BER test configurationfor end-to-end testing.When performing DS-3 BER testing, make sure of the following:- Disconnect DS-3 inputs and outputs to both radios.- Connect BER tester to data in/output connector(s)- Select external test signal for loopback testing using the DIP switches as defined inSection 3.12.- Verify all DIP switch settings.- The BER test pattern chosen must contain adequate 1’s densityFor the DS-3, a 215-1 or QRSS test pattern may be used. TheLynx DS-3 factory design for DS-3 line coding is B3ZS (seeSection 3.12.2).If two BER test sets are used to measure the link performanceseparately in each direction, frame slips will occur unless theBER test sets are synchronized with one test set as themaster and the other as the slave.BER testing may be performed on the bench, with two terminals back to back, or over the radiopath. Also, it may be performed from end-to-end (which requires two BER test sets over a link, thefar-end unit slaved to the near-end unit's clock) or in loopback mode, as described in Section 4.9.If BER testing indicates an unacceptable level of errors, follow the instructions in Section 4.6.2. orperform a back-to-back test as described in Section 4.9.Figure 4-2: End-to-End BER Test Configuration
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-25Your Notes on the Lynx DS-3 Radio
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-15. AppendicesAppendix A - Digital Line Interface SpecificationsInformation in Appendix A is referenced to the following document:Bellcore TR-TSY-000499 Issue 3, December 19891. Pulse Density Assurance and MaintenanceAt all signal interfaces, digital bit streams must contain sufficient energy for self-extraction oftiming by various pieces of transmission equipment. The level of energy is controlled by ensuringthat sufficient pulses (or ones) are present in the bit stream. In general, as the bit rate increases,the desired level of pulse density also increases, resulting in unique requirements applied to thedifferent levels in the digital hierarchy.This section describes two approaches to ensure pulse density. The first, which is applied at anumber of digital hierarchy levels, involves a unique line code substitution when a low pulsedensity threshold is detected. This is referred to a bipolar with N Zero Substitution (NZAS). Thesecond approach, defined only at the DS-1 level, involves recording of blocks of the digital bitstream to ensure a continuous level of sufficient ones. Normal line coding is then applied to thisrecorded signal. This technique is referred to as Zero Byte Time Slot Interchange (ZBTSI).(a) Bipolar with N Zero Substitution (BNZS) CodingBNZS is used at the DS-1 through DS-3 levels for zero code suppression. The line codeis fundamentally bipolar. Binary ones in the source data stream are converted toalternating positive and negative pulses in the line signal, whereas no pulses (spaces)are transmitted for binary zeros. In bipolar coding, the polarity is changed at everyoccurrence of a one. To provide a substituted word that can be easily and reliablyidentified, BNZS coding uses intentional bipolar violations (BPVs) as its characteristic.BNZS coding substitutes a known pattern of zeros and ones in BPV for a string ofzeros. In the signature pattern, B represents a normal bipolar pulse, V represents apulse violating the bipolar rule, and 0 represents a zero (no pulse).(b) Bipolar with 8 Zero Substitution (B8ZS)B8ZS is the recommended long-term network solution to providing clear channelcapability in a DS-1 rate signal. In a DS-1 code, any sequence of eight consecutivezeros (∅∅∅∅∅∅∅∅) is replaced with (∅∅∅VB∅VB). The polarity of the V (violation)pulses in the fourth and seventh bit positions are the same as the preceding pulses inthe bit stream. Thus, if the preceding pulse were positive (+), the B8ZS substitutionwould be (∅∅∅+–∅–+), while for a preceding negative pulse (–), the substitution wouldbe (∅∅∅–+∅+–). At the receiver, the decoder recognizes the (∅∅∅VB∅VB) code andreplaces it the original eight zeros. Table C-1 is an illustrative example of B8ZS.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 5-2 SECTION 5: APPENDICES2. DS-1(a) Nominal RateThe DS-1 signal has a nominal line rate of 1.544 Mb/s.(b) Interface SpecificationsTable A-2 lists the DS-1 interface specifications. All signals appearing at a DS-1 cross-connect shall satisfy each of the listed requirements.(c) Pulse ShapeFigure A-1 depicts the shape of an isolated pulse appearing at the DS-1 cross-connect. Theshape in Figure A-1 applies to the output pulses of all equipment as it is seen at the DS-1.In this figure, the ordinate shows pulse amplitude normalized to unity at the pulse center.The abscissa is a time scale measure in Unit Intervals (UIs) relative to the pulse center. ForDS-1, the UI is 648 ns (the reciprocal of the nominal bit rate).(d) Pulse DensityAll terminals that generate a DS-1 signal shall meet the following constraints on the densityof ones in the signal as delivered to the DS-1 cross-connect:❖No more than 15 consecutive zeros❖In each and every time window of 8(N+1) digit time slots (where N can equal 1 through23,) there must be at least N ones present.CASE 1 PRECEDING PULSE NEXT 8 BITSInput +∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅B8ZS Substitution ∅ ∅ ∅ V B ∅ V BOutput +∅ ∅ ∅ + – ∅ – +CASE 2Input –∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅B8ZS Substitution ∅ ∅ ∅ V B ∅ V BOutput –∅ ∅ ∅ – + ∅ + –Table A-1: Examples of B8ZS Coding
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-3Line Rate 1.544 Mb/sTolerance Source timing for self timed DS-1 bit stream shall not exceed ±32ppm with respect to the basic rate. DS-1 sinks should be capable ofaccepting a rate deviation of ±130 ppm.Line Code Either of the following:(1) Bipolar* satisfying the pulse density constraints of section A.1.(2) B8ZS as described in Section A.1.Termination One balanced twisted pair shall be used for each direction oftransmission. See Figure A-2 for reference.Impedance A test load of 100 ohm with a tolerance of plus or minus 5% shall beused for the evaluation of pulse shape and the electrical parametersspecified below. This load requirement applies only to DS-1appearance of a source terminal, not a sink. See Figure A-2.Pulse Shape Refer to Figure A-1. The pulse amplitude shall be between 2.4V and3.6V measured at the center of the pulse, and may be scaled by aconstant factor to fit the template.Power Level (for an allones transmitted pattern) (1) The power in a band no wider than 3 kHz centered at 772 kHzshall be between 12.6 and 17.9 dBm.(2) The power In a band no wider than 3 kHz centered at 1544 kHzshall be at least 29 dB below that at 772 kHz.Power Imbalance There shall be less than 0.5 dB difference between the total powerof the positive pulses and the negative pulses.* Bipolar is also known as Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI). Successive logical ones are coded aspulses of alternately polarity. Zeros are coded zero. Two or more successive pulses of the samepolarity are termed bipolar violations.Table A-2: DS-1 Interconnection Specification
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 5-4 SECTION 5: APPENDICESFigure A-1: DS-1 Pulse Template Corner Points (New Equipment)MAXIMUM CURVE:TIME(UNIT INTERVALS) –.77 –.39 –.27 –.27 –.12 0.0 .27 .35 .93 1.16NORMALIZEDAMPLITUDE .05 .05 .8 1.15 1.15 1.05 1.05 –.07 .05 .05MINIMUM CURVE:TIME(UNIT INTERVALS) –.77 –.23 –.23 –.15 0.0 .15 .23 .23 .46 .66 .93 1.16NORMALIZEDAMPLITUDE –.05 –.05 .5 .95 .95 .9 .5 –.45 –.45 –.2 –.05 –.05Table A-3: DS-1 Isolated Pulse Templates and Corner Points
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-5Appendix B - Rear Panel DIP SwitchesThe Lynx DS-3 has three separate eight-segment rear panel DIP switches, labeled SW1, SW2and SW3. Upon shipment from the factory, these switches are set for factory defaultconfiguration, which is all switches down (in the “zero” position), except for SW3 position 8 for thesingle band and SW3 positions 6 through 8 for the dual band option which are set to match theinstalled rear panel RF filter assembly. So SW3-6 through SW3-8 determine the frequencychannel for transmit and receive. The tables in this section provide a quick reference for the DIPswitch functions and their settings.DIP switch settings are noted by their position, either up (1), or down (0),not by on/off as may be printed on the DIP switch assembly.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 5-6 SECTION 5: APPENDICESShaded switch positions are factory default12345678SW1 10000000001 2 LBO (DS-1)0 0 0-125 Ft1 0 125-250 Ft0 1 250-400 Ft1 1 400-655 Ft3 Line Code (DS-1)0B8ZS1AMI Loss of Input DS-1 Alarm 4 5 Loss of Input DS-3 Alarm Enable 0 0 Enable Disable 1 1 Disable6 Rx AIS Output0 Enable1 Disable Diagnostics Port 7 TBOS 0 Craft 1 Aux Data Port 8 Bridged (TBOS) 0 Enabled (Clear) 112345678SW2 10000000001234Security Code0000 Code 11111 Code 2Security Code 5678 Code 1 0000 Code 2 1111Table B-1: Lynx DS-3 5.8 GHz Single Band Switch Settings
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-7Shaded switch positions are factory default123456781 x00000000x1 Loopback Test Source, DS-30 Internal1 External2 Error LED Latch, DS-30 Enable1 Disable (Flash)3DS-3 Line Build Out0 0-450 feet1 450-900 feet45For Future Use0011 FrequencXmtr Rcvr 678A1 5750 5800 0 0 0A2 5800 5750 0 0 1Table B-2: Lynx DS-3 5.8 GHz Single Band Switch Settings
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 5-8 SECTION 5: APPENDICESShaded switch positions are factory default12345678SW1 10000000001 2 LBO (DS-1)0 0 0-125 Ft1 0 125-250 Ft0 1 250-400 Ft1 1 400-655 Ft3 Line Code (DS-1)0B8ZS1AMI Loss of Input DS-1 Alarm 4 5 Loss of Input DS-3 Alarm Enable 0 0 Enable Disable 1 1 Disable6 Rx AIS Output0 Enable1 Disable Diagnostics Port 7 TBOS 0 Craft 1 Aux Data Port 8 Bridged (TBOS) 0 Enabled (Clear) 112345678SW2 1xx0000000001234Security Code0000 Code 11111 Code 2Security Code 5678 Code 1 0000 Code 2 1111Table B-3: Lynx DS-3 5.3/5.8 GHz Dual Band Switch Settings
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-9Shaded switch positions are factory default12345678SW3 1 x00000000x1 Loopback Test Source, DS-30 Internal1 External2 Error LED Latch (DS-3)0 Enable1 Disable (Flash)3DS-3 Line Build Out0 0-450 feet1 450-900 feet45For Future Use0011 FrequencXmtr Rcvr 678A1 5284 5759 0 0 0A2 5759 5284 0 0 1B1 5316 5791 0B2 5791 5316 0Table B-4: Lynx DS-3 5.3/5.8 GHz Dual Band Switch Settings
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000PAGE 5-10 SECTION 5: APPENDICESAppendix C - Rear Panel Data ConnectorsThe following figures illustrate the pin structure for all rear panel data connections. All figures areoriented as a customer would view them, facing the rear panel. DC power connection informationis found in Section 3.7 of the manual.Figure C-1: DS-1 9-Pin D-Style ConnectorFigure C-2: DS-1 Modular Connector (RJ-48C)Figure C-3: VF Port Connection
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps)LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-11Figure C-4: Alarm Port ConnectionsFigure C-5: Diagnostic and AUX DATA (TBOS) Port ConnectionsDo NOT use both the RS-232 and RS-422 connections at the same time!Figure C-6: DS-3 Connections (BNC female)DS3 INDS3 OUT
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000IndexAAccessories ................................................................................................................................................2-22AIS....................................................................................................... 2-7, 2-13, 2-20, 3-32, 3-33, 3-47, 4-13Alarms.................................................................................................................................................3-38, 4-7AMI................................................................................................................. 2-7, 2-20, 3-28, 3-40, 4-18, 5-3Antenna...........................................................................................2-4, 3-3, 3-11, 3-24, 3-38, 4-9, 4-19, 4-20Antenna alignment .....................................................................................................................................3-22Antenna connection....................................................................................................................................3-20BB8ZS...............................................................................................2-7, 2-20, 3-28, 3-40, 4-18, 4-24, 5-1, 5-2Bit Error Rate...........................................2-13, 2-14, 3-8, 3-33, 3-38, 3-40, 3-41, 3-47, 4-9, 4-10, 4-17, 4-24CCalculations ..........................................................................................................................................3-6, 3-8Caution.........................................................................................................................................................1-2Coding..........................................................................................................................................................5-1Configuration.............................................................................................................................................3-57Connections ......................................................................................2-7, 2-8, 2-15, 2-19, 3-25, 3-38, 5-1, 5-2Controls......................................................................................................................................................2-14CSU/DSU...................................................................................................................................................3-33DDIP switch................................................................................................................................. 3-27, 3-34, 5-5DS-1 connection...........................................2-20, 2-22, 3-25, 3-38, 3-40, 3-47, 4-7, 4-17, 4-18, 5-1, 5-2, 5-4DS-3 connection.........................................................................................................................................2-18EEIRP...........................................................................................................................................................3-35Environment.................................................................................................................................................2-9Error LED..................................................................................................................................................3-42FFade ......................................................................................................................................................2-6, 3-7FAN ...........................................................................................................................................................4-14Frequency.................................................................................................................................... 3-9, 3-13, 4-2Front panel.................................................................................................................................................2-11IIcons.............................................................................................................................................................1-2Installation ..................................................................................................................1-1, 3-1, 3-3, 3-22, 3-34Interference................................................................................................................................................4-19LLBO (Line Build Out)......................................................................................................3-29, 4-9, 4-17, 4-18Line code ...................................................................................................................................................3-28Loopback ...............................................................................................2-7, 2-14, 2-21, 3-30, 3-40, 4-9, 4-17
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000MMechanical.................................................................................................................................................2-10MHS...........................................................................................................................................................3-56Mounting....................................................................................................................................................3-15NNote .............................................................................................................................................................1-2OOrderwire.............................................................................................2-8, 2-19, 2-21, 3-34, 3-38, 3-43, 3-44Output power .............................................................................................................................................3-36PPath .......................................................................................................................................................3-3, 3-5Power............................................................................. 2-3, 2-9, 2-22, 3-3, 3-10, 3-16, 3-17, 3-39, 4-9, 4-20Power connection..............................................................................................................................3-16, 3-19Professional installation......................................................................................................................1-1, 2-22RRear panel.........................................................................................................................................2-16, 5-10Receive signal level ............................................2-12, 2-14, 3-3, 3-6, 3-22, 3-23, 3-24, 3-37, 3-47, 4-9, 4-21Receiver .......................................................................................................................................................2-5Regulatory.............................................................................................................................................iii, 2-10Repair...........................................................................................................................................................4-5Repeater configurations ....................................................................................................................3-54, 3-55RS-232/RS-422.....................................................................................................2-19, 3-48, 3-49, 3-50, 3-53SSpreading Code..........................................................................................................................................3-31Switches.......................................................................................................................................................4-2Synchronization .........................................................................................................................................4-12System..........................................................................................................................................................2-6TTBOS...............................................................................2-19, 2-20, 2-21, 3-43, 3-48, 3-51, 3-52, 3-53, 3-54Technical Support........................................................................................................................................4-4Test .....................................................................................................................................................2-8, 2-12Tips..............................................................................................................................................................1-2Tools ..........................................................................................................................................................3-12Transmission line.......................................................................................................................................3-21Transmitter...................................................................................................................................................2-3Troubleshooting...........................................................................................................................................4-1WWarranty ......................................................................................................................................................... v
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX DS-3 (45 Mbps) LICENSE-FREE (U-NII, LE-LAN) RADIOSMARCH 2000For ISO Purposes -Last Page of this Manual

Navigation menu