Proxim Wireless U5358-100 U-NII Radio User Manual

Proxim Wireless Corporation U-NII Radio

user manual

INSTALLATION ANDMAINTENANCE MANUALWIRELESSFAST ETHERNET BRIDGES(5.3/5.8 and 5.8 GHz, UNII/LE-LAN)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000iInstallation and Maintenance ManualCopyright © 1999 & 2000 by Western Multiplex. All rights reserved. No part of this manualmay be reproduced without prior written permission from Western Multiplex.The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice. WesternMultiplex shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequentialdamages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this manual orequipment supplied with this manual. Western Multiplex makes no warranty of any kind withregard to this manual or any equipment supplied with this manual, including, but not limitedto, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.Heliax is a registered product of Andrews Corporation.OpenView is a registered product of Hewlett Packard Corporation.Printed in the United States of AmericaNotice: Y2K (Year 2000 Issue)All software supplied by and for Western Multiplex products adheres to the four-(4) digityear nomenclature as required for Year 2000 compliance.Western Multiplex1196 Borregas AvenueSunnyvale, CaliforniaUSATel: +1 408 542-5200Fax:: +1 408 542-5300Our facility has been Registered to the International Organization forStandardization ISO 9000 Series Standards for quality.Issue: February 2000
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INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000iiiRegulatory NoticeThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B digital device,pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protectionagainst harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and canradiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, maycause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interferencewill not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio ortelevision reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user isencouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:* Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.* Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.* Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver isconnected.* Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.Shielded cables and I/O cords must be used for this equipment to comply with the relevant FCCregulations.Changes or modifications not expressly approved in writing by Western Multiplex may void the user'sauthority to operate this equipment.This device complies with RSS-210 of Industry Canada. Operation is subject to the following twoconditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept anyinterference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.This device must be professionally installed.
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INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000vW/CS97-1GENERAL TERMS1.1 All Definitions contained in Western Multiplex's Conditions of Sale(Western Multiplex document number CS96-8), apply to theWarranty.1.2 Subject to the provisions of the Warranty, Western Multiplexwarrants that the equipment described in Paragraph 1.3 shallconform to their specifications described in Paragraph 1.4 in allmaterial respects and that the equipment shall be free frommaterial defects in materials and workmanship.1.3 This Warranty applies to all original purchases of WesternMultiplex manufactured equipment and accessories (collectivelythe "Equipment").1.4 This Warranty applies to the specifications contained in the mostrecent version of the manual for the model of the Equipmentpurchased (the "Specifications").1.5 This Warranty does not apply to the following items of Equipmentwhich are covered by the Original Equipment Manufacturer'swarranty:(a) antenna systems, including coax cable, waveguide, connectorsflex-sections, mounts, other parts of the antenna system andinstallation materials;(b) non-Western Multiplex manufactured rack mounted equipmentthat is assembled wired and tested at Western Multiplex'sfactory or supplied as part of a system, including orderwireitems, channel banks, multiplexers, fuse/alarm panels, remotealarm items; and(c) equipment which is not listed in Western Multiplex's price book.1.6 The effective period of this Warranty shall start on the date ofshipment of the Equipment and shall end:(a) for all spread spectrum unlicensed radio products and for alllicensed digital microwave radio products, two (2) years later;(b) for all analog microwave radio products, three (3) years later;or(c) for all baseband products, five (5) years later (in each case the"Warranty Period").1.7 The Customer acknowledges that Western Multiplex does notrepresent or warrant that the services provided by WesternMultiplex under this Warranty will ensure uninterrupted or error-free operation of the Equipment.RETURN OF EQUIPMENT UNDER WARRANTY2.1 If an item of Equipment malfunctions or fails in normal intendedusage and maintenance within the applicable Warranty Period:(a) the Customer shall promptly notify Western Multiplex of theproblem and the serial number of the defective item;(b) Western Multiplex shall, at its sole option, either resolve theproblem over the telephone or provide the Customer with aReturned Materials Authorization number (RMA #) and theaddress of the location to which the Customer may ship thedefective item;(c) if the problem is not resolved over the telephone, the Customershall attach a label to each Returned item describing the faultand the Customer's Return address. The Customer shall, at itscost, properly pack the item to be Returned, prepay theinsurance and shipping charges, and ship the item to thespecified location;(d) if the Western Multiplex product shall prove to be defective inmaterial or workmanship upon examination by WesternMultiplex, Western Multiplex shall either repair or replace theReturned item at its sole option. The replacement item may benew or refurbished; if refurbished, it shall be equivalent inoperation to new Equipment. If a Returned item is replaced byWestern Multiplex, the Customer agrees that the Returned itemshall become the property of Western Multiplex.(e) Western Multiplex shall at its cost, ship the repaired item orreplacement to any destination within the United States ofAmerica by carrier and method of delivery chosen by WesternMultiplex. If the Customer has requested some other form ofconveyance, such as express shipping, or is located beyondthe USA borders, then the Customer shall pay to the cost ofreturn shipment.2.2 Equipment which is repaired or replaced by Western Multiplexunder this Warranty shall be covered under all of the provisions ofthis Warranty for the remainder of the applicable Warranty Periodor ninety (90) days from the date of shipment of the repaired itemor replacement, whichever period is longer.DEFAULT AND TERMINATION3.1 Western Multiplex may immediately terminate this Warranty andall of its performance under this Warranty, upon notification to theCustomer, if the Customer:(a) makes any unauthorized modifications to the Equipment;(b) assigns or transfers the Customer's rights or obligations underthis Warranty without the written consent of Western Multiplex;(c) becomes bankrupt or insolvent, or is put into receivership; or(d) has not paid Western Multiplex all amounts for the Equipment,services, or other additional charges within thirty (30) days ofreceipt of written notice from Western Multiplex.3.2 If this Warranty is terminated by Western Multiplex, the Customershall remain liable for all amounts due to Western Multiplex.FORCE MAJEURE4.1 "Force Majeure" has the same meaning as defined in WesternMultiplex's Conditions of Sale (Western Multiplex documentnumber CS96-8).4.2 Western Multiplex shall not be responsible for failure to dischargeits obligations under this Warranty due to Force Majeure.LIMITATIONS AND QUALIFICATIONS OF WARRANTY5.1 This Warranty does not apply to any damage, defect or failurecaused by:(a) any part of the Equipment having been modified, adapted,repaired, or improperly installed, operated, maintained,transported or relocated by any person other than WesternMultiplex personnel or a Western Multiplex authorized serviceagent, without Western Multiplex's prior written consent;(b) storage or environmental conditions which do not conform to theapplicable sections of the appropriate Western MultiplexEquipment Manual;(c) failure to conform with the Equipment Installation, Operating andMaintenance Instructions of the appropriate Western MultiplexEquipment Manual;(d) external causes, including external electrical stress or lightning, oruse in conjunction with incompatible equipment, unless such usewas with Western Multiplex's prior written consent;(e) cosmetic damage;(f) accidental damage, negligence, neglect, mishandling, abuse ormisuse, other than by Western Multiplex personnel or a WesternMultiplex authorized service agent; or(g) Force Majeure.Please see reverse side for additional limitations on damages.WARRANTY
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000W/CS97-1 viLIMITATIONS ON DAMAGES (North America)6.1 THE WARRANTY STATED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS THECUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY FOR THEEQUIPMENT; WESTERN MULTIPLEX SPECIFICALLYDISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND,EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANYWARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULARPURPOSE AND OF MERCHANTABILITY.6.2 WESTERN MULTIPLEX SHALL NOT BE LIABLE INTORT, INCLUDING LIABILITY IN NEGLIGENCE ORSTRICT LIABILITY, AND SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY ATALL FOR INJURY TO PERSONS OR PROPERTY.WESTERN MULTIPLEX'S LIABILITY FOR FAILURE TOFULFIL ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS WARRANTYOR ANY OTHER LIABILITY UNDER OR INCONNECTION WITH THE EQUIPMENT SHALL BELIMITED TO THE AMOUNT OF THE PURCHASE PRICEOF THE EQUIPMENT. THE REMEDIES STATED INTHIS WARRANTY ARE THE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVEREMEDIES AGAINST WESTERN MULTIPLEXREGARDING THE EQUIPMENT.6.3 EVEN IF WESTERN MULTIPLEX HAS BEEN ADVISEDOF THE POSSIBILITY OF THEM, WESTERNMULTIPLEX SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANYINDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL ORCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING THE COSTOF LABOR BY THE CUSTOMER'S OWN EMPLOYEES,AGENTS OR CONTRACTORS IN IDENTIFYING,REMOVING OR REPLACING THE DEFECTIVE ITEM;LOST PROFITS, AND REVENUES; FAILURE TOREALIZE EXPECTED SAVINGS; ANY CLAIM AGAINSTA CUSTOMER BY A THIRD PARTY; OR ANY OTHERCOMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC LOSSES OF ANY KIND.6.4 THESE LIMITATIONS AND DISCLAIMERS ARE NOTMADE BY WESTERN MULTIPLEX WHEREPROHIBITED BY LAW.LIMITATIONS ON DAMAGES (International)6.1 THE WARRANTY STATED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS THECUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY FOR THEEQUIPMENT; ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANYKIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANYWARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULARPURPOSE AND OF MERCHANTABILITY AREEXCLUDED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTEDBY LAW.6.2 WESTERN MULTIPLEX'S LIABILITY FOR FAILURE TOFULFIL ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS WARRANTYOR IN TORT OR AS A RESULT OF STRICT LIABILITYOR ANY OTHER LIABILITY UNDER OR INCONNECTION WITH THE EQUIPMENT OR ITSSUPPLY SHALL BE LIMITED, EXCEPT IN RESPECT OFDEATH AND PERSONAL INJURY CAUSED BYWESTERN MULTIPLEX'S NEGLIGENCE, TO THEAMOUNT OF THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THEEQUIPMENT. THE REMEDIES STATED IN THISWARRANTY ARE THE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVEREMEDIES AGAINST WESTERN MULTIPLEXREGARDING THE EQUIPMENT.6.3 EVEN IF WESTERN MULTIPLEX HAS BEEN ADVISEDOF THE POSSIBILITY OF THEM, WESTERNMULTIPLEX SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANYINDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL ORCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING THE COSTOF LABOR BY THE CUSTOMER'S OWN EMPLOYEES,AGENTS OR CONTRACTORS IN IDENTIFYING,REMOVING OR REPLACING THE DEFECTIVE ITEM;LOST PROFITS, AND REVENUES; FAILURE TOREALIZE EXPECTED SAVINGS; ANY CLAIM AGAINSTA CUSTOMER BY A THIRD PARTY; OR ANY OTHERCOMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC LOSSES OF ANY KIND.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000vii W/CS97-1DEFINITIONS1.1 In these Conditions, unless there is something in the subjectmatter or context necessarily inconsistent:(a) "Western Multiplex" means Western Multiplex (d.b.a. WesternMultiplex), Sunnyvale, CA;(b) "Equipment" means the equipment itemized on theQuotation/Order Acknowledgment;(c) "International" means any location other than United States ofAmerica and Canada, including their territories and possessions;(d) "North America" means any location in the United States ofAmerica and Canada, including their territories and possessions;(e) "Order Acknowledgment" means the sales order acknowledgmentprovided by Western Multiplex to the Customer;(f) "Payment Instructions" means Western Multiplex's paymentinstructions, (Western Multiplex document P197-1);(g) "Quotation" means the quotation signed by an authorizedrepresentative of Western Multiplex and provided to the Customer;(h) "Shipping Date" means the actual date on which the Equipmentleft Western Multiplex's factory at Sunnyvale, CA, U.S.A.;(i) "Warranty" means Western Multiplex's warranty, document W97-1;(j) "Invoice" means the bill of goods prepared by Western Multiplexfor the equipment with the shipping and any insurance costs.1.2 Headings have been inserted in these Conditions for convenienceof reference only and will not effect their construction.ENTIRE AGREEMENT2.1 The Quotation, these Conditions of Sale, the OrderAcknowledgment, the Payment Instructions and the Warranty shallapply to all sales made by Western Multiplex and shall constitutethe entire agreement by Western Multiplex and the Customer (the"Agreement ").2.2 Any terms and/or conditions of sale, which may be included on theCustomer's purchase order form or any communication from theCustomer, that are not identical with the terms and conditionssteed in this document shall NOT become a part of the agreementof sale unless expressly agreed to in writing in the Quotation.2.3 Western Multiplex's failure to object to any terms and/orconditions of sale contained in any communication from theCustomer shall not be considered as acceptance of such termsand/or conditions or as a waiver of the terms and conditions ofsale contained herein.2.4 Western Multiplex shall sell to the Customer, and the Customershall purchase from Western Multiplex, the Equipment inaccordance with the Agreement. Western Multiplex accepts theCustomer's purchase orders for Equipment and agrees to deliverthe Equipment to the Customer only on the terms of theAgreement.2.5 No variation of the Agreement shall be binding unless agreed to inwriting by authorized representatives of Western Multiplex and theCustomer.PRICING3.1 All prices in the Quotation are exclusive of all shipping chargesand all applicable taxes including but not limited to, federal, state,local, excise, sales and use taxes.3.2 All prices in the Quotation unless otherwise stated:(a) for North American customers are FOB Sunnyvale, CA, USA.(New York Uniform Commercial Code); or(b) for international customers are Ex-Works, Sunnyvale, CA, U.S.A.(Incoterms 1990).3.3 All prices in the Quotation include standard domestic packing,unless a separate line item is provided detailing export or specialpacking charges.SHIPPING AND INSURANCE4.1 Western Multiplex shall arrange shipping and insurance whenrequested by the Customer, and shall bill the Customer for theEquipment with the shipping and any insurance costs as separateitems, on an invoice (the "Invoice").4.2 Delivery dates quoted by Western Multiplex are to be consideredestimates only. In no event will Western Multiplex be liable for anyloss or damage resulting from its failure to deliver products withina specified time.TERMS OF PAYMENT5.1 The Customer shall pay for all Equipment, including shipping andinsurance in accordance with the terms of the Invoice.5.2 All Invoices for North American Customers are due and payable inthirty (30) days from the date of the Invoice.5.3 International Customers shall make payments in accordance withWestern Multiplex's Payment Instructions by either:(a) providing a wire transfer (telegraphic transfer) for the full amountof the Equipment, shipping and insurance charges contained inthe Quotation or the pro-forma Invoice sent to the Customer, priorto the Shipping Date; or(b) establishing an acceptable Letter of Credit (LC) for the full amountof the Equipment, shipping and insurance charges contained inthe Quotation prior to the order being booked and accepted byWestern Multiplex.5.4 If a Customer fails to pay an Invoice when due, Western Multiplexmay, without prejudice to am other remedy, postpone shipments,alter payment terms, terminate the Agreement and charge intereston all overdue amounts the rate of 1.5% per month compoundedmonthly (or if less, the maximum allowed by law). Upon demand,the Customer shall pay all such interest charges and allreasonable collection fees, including reasonable legal expenses.SECURITY FOR PAYMENT6.1 If the Customer is located in North America, the Customer grantsto Western Multiplex a purchase money security interest in theEquipment to secure the payment of the purchase price of theEquipment and all other amounts due from the Customer.6.2 If the Customer is not located in North America:(a) despite delivery and passing of risk in the Equipment and anyother provision of these Conditions, the title in the Equipment shallnot pass to the Customer until Western Multiplex has receivedpayment in full of the purchase price of the Equipment and allother amounts then due from the Customer, and(b) until the title in the Equipment passes to the Customer:(i) the Customer shall hold the equipment as Western Multiplex 'sfiduciary agent and bailee, and shall properly store, protect andinsure the Equipment and shall identify the Equipment as WesternMultiplex property;(ii) if the Customer fails to pay Western Multiplex in accordance withthe agreed payment terms, Western Multiplex may require theCustomer to deliver up the Equipment to Western Multiplex, and, ifthe Customer does not, Western Multiplex may enter on thepremises where the Equipment is stored and repossess theEquipment; and(iii) the Customer shall not pledge the Equipment by way of securityfor any, indebtedness of the Customer, but if the Customer doesso all moneys owed by the Customer to Western Multiplex shall,without prejudice to any other remedy of Western Multiplex,immediately become due.CHANGES TO PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS7.1 Western Multiplex may, without notice to the Customer, makechanges to the specifications of Equipment which do notmaterially affect the quality or performance of the Equipment.EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION AND EXPEDITING CHARGES8.1 At the Customer's request, Western Multiplex may, for a feeagreed in advance:(a) reconfigure the Equipment; or(b) expedite the Customer's order.CONDITIONS OF SALE
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000W/CS97-1 viiiSHORTAGES9.1 The customer shall not make any claim for shortages (which areitems that the Invoice does not show are on back-order) aftertwenty-one (21) days after the date of the Invoice.RETURNS AND EXCHANGES10.1 The return of defective Equipment is covered by the Warranty .10.2 The Customer may only return Equipment that is not defective if:(a) the Equipment does not correspond with the Customer's purchaseorder; or(b) the Equipment has been ordered in error by the Customer andWestern Multiplex has permitted the Customer to remedy themistake by ordering the correct equipment and resuming theEquipment and the Customer obtains a Returned MaterialsAuthorization number ("RMA #") from Western Multiplex prior toreturning any Equipment.10.3 Western Multiplex reserves the right to charge a fee for returnedequipment under Subparagraph 10.2(b) with the amount of the feebeing determined prior to an RMA # being given by WesternMultiplex.10.4 Authorized returns of equipment under Paragraph 10.2 must be inan undamaged condition, in the original configuration, in theoriginal packing materials and within a time period agreed to whenthe RMA # was issued.10.5 If the Customer does not comply with the provisions of Paragraphs10.2, 10.3, and 10.4, the Customer shall pay the full amount of theInvoice.10.6 The party liable for all shipping, insurance and any other expensesincurred by the Customer in returning the Equipment underParagraph 10.2 and for all loss or damage to the Equipment untilreceived by Western Multiplex, shall be: (a) for all items returnedunder Subparagraph 10.2(a), Western Multiplex and (b) for allitems resumed under Subparagraph 10.2(b), the Customer.CANCELLATION11.1 If the Customer cancels an order before the Shipping Date,Western Multiplex reserves the right to charge the Customer acancellation charge up to 100% of the amount of the order.11.2 The Customer shall pay all cancellation charges within thirty (30)days from date of the Invoice.FORCE MAJEURE12.1 Western Multiplex shall not be liable if its performance of theAgreement becomes commercially impractical due to anycontingency beyond Western Multiplex's reasonable control,including acts of God, fires, floods, wars, sabotage, civil unrest,accidents, labor disputes or shortages, government laws, rulesand regulations, whether valid or invalid, inability to obtainmaterial, equipment or transportation, incorrect, delayed orincomplete specifications, drawings or data supplied by theCustomer or others (collectively "Force Majeure"). In no event ofForce Majeure shall Western Multiplex be required to purchasegoods from others to enable it to deliver the Equipment under theAgreement.ENGINEERING AND SYSTEM DESIGN13.1 The Customer is solely responsible for the engineering, design,integration and normal preventative and remedial maintenance ofthe Customer's system for which Western Multiplex suppliesEquipment.13.2 Western Multiplex is not responsible for the satisfactory operationof the Equipment in conjunction with other manufacturer'sequipment, nor for any losses which may occur as a result of afailure of the Equipment to operate in conjunction with othermanufacturer's equipment.WARRANTY14.1 All Equipment is covered by the Warranty.14.2 THE WARRANTY CONTAINS LlMITATIONS ON THECUSTOMER'S RIGHTS AND REMEDIES AGAINST WESTERNMULTIPLEX UNDER THE AGREEMENT.THE CUSTOMER ACKNOWLEDGES HAVING READ,UNDERSTOOD AND AGREED TO THOSE LIMITATIONS.DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF AGREEMENT15.1 If either party is successful in any litigation between the partiesbased on the Agreement, the successful party shall recover fromthe other, in addition to direct damages, the successful party'sreasonable attorney's fees and other costs of litigation.INSOLVENCY OF CUSTOMER, ETC.16.1 Western Multiplex may cancel the Agreement and suspend anyfurther deliveries under the Agreement without any liability to theCustomer, and, if Equipment has been delivered but not paid for,the price shall become immediately due and payable despite anyother agreement to the contrary if:(a) any proceedings in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership orliquidation are taken against the Customer;(b) the Customer makes an assignment for the benefit ofcreditors or commits an act of bankruptcy or insolvency;(c) the Customer ceases, or threatens to cease, to carry on theordinary course of its business, or transfers all or substantially allof its property;(d) the Equipment is seized under any legal process orconfiscated; or(e) Western Multiplex in good faith believes that the ability of theCustomer to pay or perform any provision of the Agreement isimpaired, or that any of the events mentioned above is about tooccur.NOTICE17.1 All requests, instructions and notices from one party to the othermust be in writing and may be given via registered post orfacsimile transmission to the address of the parties shown on theQuotation or Order Acknowledgment.EXPORT PROVISIONS18.1 The Customer shall not, whether directly or indirectly (includingfacilitating a third party) export or re-export the Equipment outsidethe country in which the Customer has stated these items are tobe used without obtaining the licenses required under ailapplicable rules. The Customer shall indemnify Western Multiplexagainst any liability incurred by Western Multiplex due to anyviolation by the Customer of any of the provisions of this Section,but this indemnity shall not apply if the Customer reasonably relieson information supplied to it by Western Multiplex with respect toexport licenses. Upon receipt of a governmental consent to exportthe receiving party shall immediately notify the other in writing.MISCELLANEOUS19.1 No waiver by Western Multiplex of any breach of this Agreementshall be considered as a waiver of any subsequent breach of thesame or any other provision.19.2 Any provision of the Agreement which is, or is deemed to be,unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall be severable from theAgreement in that jurisdiction without in any way invalidating theremaining portions of the Agreement, and that unenforceabilityshall not make that provision unenforceable in any otherjurisdiction.19.3 The rights which accrue to Western Multiplex by virtue of theAgreement shall inure for the benefit of and be binding upon thesuccessors and assigns of Western Multiplex.19.4 The agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State ofCalifornia including the California Uniform Commercial Code.However Western Multiplex may enforce the provisions of theAgreement in accordance with the laws of the jurisdiction in whichthe Equipment is situated. The United Nations Convention on theSale of Goods (The Vienna Convention) shall not apply to theAgreement.19.5 Les parties ont exigés que cette entente soit rédigée en anglais.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000TOC & INTRODUCTION iTable of Contents1. HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL .............................................................................................................. 1-11.1 MANUAL ORGANIZATION...................................................................................................................... 1-11.2 ICONS .................................................................................................................................................. 1-22. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION..................................................................................................................... 2-12.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................................... 2-12.2 SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 2-22.2.1 Transmitter.................................................................................................................................. 2-22.2.2 Antenna / Antenna Coupling Unit ................................................................................................ 2-32.2.3 Receiver ...................................................................................................................................... 2-32.2.4 System (Single Hop Performance)................................................................................................ 2-42.2.5 Line Interfaces............................................................................................................................. 2-52.2.6 Auxiliary Connections ................................................................................................................. 2-62.2.7 Temperature and Environment..................................................................................................... 2-72.2.8 Power .......................................................................................................................................... 2-72.2.9 Regulatory Information................................................................................................................ 2-72.2.10 Mechanical.................................................................................................................................. 2-72.3 FRONT PANEL DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................................. 2-82.3.1 General ....................................................................................................................................... 2-82.3.2 Test Points / Power Indicator....................................................................................................... 2-92.3.3 Alarm and Status Indicators........................................................................................................2-102.3.4 Controls......................................................................................................................................2-112.3.5 Connections................................................................................................................................2-122.4 REAR PANEL DESCRIPTION...................................................................................................................2-142.5 INSTALLATION ACCESSORIES ...............................................................................................................2-153. INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS..................................................................................................... 3-13.1 SHIPPING CONTAINER........................................................................................................................... 3-13.2 PACKING ITEMS IDENTIFICATION........................................................................................................... 3-23.3 BEFORE INSTALLATION TASK LIST ........................................................................................................ 3-33.3.1 Site Selection Requirements......................................................................................................... 3-33.3.2 Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance Guidelines.............................................................................. 3-43.3.3 RSL Calculation and Link Budget................................................................................................ 3-53.3.4 Fade Margin Calculation ............................................................................................................ 3-63.3.5 Availability Calculation............................................................................................................... 3-63.3.6 Frequency Plan Determination.................................................................................................... 3-73.3.7 Power Supply Planning................................................................................................................ 3-83.3.8 Antenna Planning ........................................................................................................................ 3-83.4 TOOLS REQUIRED ................................................................................................................................. 3-93.5 FREQUENCY CHANNEL PLANS ..............................................................................................................3-103.6 MOUNTING THE TSUNAMI.....................................................................................................................3-113.7 POWER CONNECTION AND WIRING.......................................................................................................3-123.7.1 DC Power Wiring .......................................................................................................................3-133.7.2 AC Power Connection.................................................................................................................3-153.8 ANTENNA CONNECTION ......................................................................................................................3-163.9 TRANSMISSION LINE CONNECTION .......................................................................................................3-17
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000 ii TOC & INTRODUCTION3.10 ANTENNA INSTALLATION & ALIGNMENT .............................................................................................3-183.11 ETHERNET INTERFACE CONNECTION....................................................................................................3-213.12 SYSTEM TURN-UP TO SERVICE .............................................................................................................3-223.13 OUTPUT POWER ADJUSTMENT .............................................................................................................3-283.14 ADDITIONAL CONNECTIONS.................................................................................................................3-293.14.1Orderwire Connection..............................................................................................................3-293.14.2 Alarm Connections.....................................................................................................................3-313.14.3 Configuration Port Operation.....................................................................................................3-333.14.4 AUX DATA (Digital Service Channel) Connection......................................................................3-343.14.5 T1 (DSX-1) Interface Connection................................................................................................3-353.14.6 CEPT-1 (E1) InterfaceConnection ..............................................................................................3-353.14.7 NMS Interface Connection..........................................................................................................3-354. TROUBLESHOOTING............................................................................................................................ 4-14.1 REGULAR MAINTENANCE...................................................................................................................... 4-14.2 CHANGING FREQUENCY PLANS ............................................................................................................. 4-24.3 USING A SPARE TERMINAL .................................................................................................................... 4-34.4 TECHNICAL SUPPORT............................................................................................................................ 4-44.5 REPAIR POLICY .................................................................................................................................... 4-54.6 FRONT PANEL STATUS LEDS................................................................................................................ 4-64.6.1 RF LINK Alarm ........................................................................................................................... 4-74.6.2 RADIO FAIL Alarm..................................................................................................................... 4-94.6.3 FAR END Alarm.........................................................................................................................4-104.7 ERRORS IN THE DATA STREAM.............................................................................................................4-114.8 INTERFERENCE COUNTERMEASURES.....................................................................................................4-124.8.1 Use of a Spectrum Analyzer to Evaluate Potential Interference ..................................................4-144.9 BACK-TO-BACK TESTING.....................................................................................................................4-154.10 LINK TESTING ...................................................................................................................................4-174.11 NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (NMS) ...........................................................................................4-184.11.1 SNMP.........................................................................................................................................4-184.11.2 Browser GUI ..............................................................................................................................4-184.11.3 In-band NMS Set-up ...................................................................................................................4-184.11.4 Software Update Download Procedure .......................................................................................4-284.11.4 Telnet .........................................................................................................................................4-285. APPENDICES........................................................................................................................................... 5-1APPENDIX A - DIGITAL INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................... 5-11. General Characteristics ...................................................................................................................... 5-12. Specifications...................................................................................................................................... 5-1APPENDIX B – 100BASET AND 10BASET CONNECTIONS ................................................................................... 5-2APPENDIX C – NETWORKING Q&AS................................................................................................................. 5-3APPENDIX D – AUXILIARY DATA CONNECTORS ...............................................................................................5-18
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000TOC & INTRODUCTION iiiFiguresFIGURE 2-1: FRONT PANEL ................................................................................................................................. 2-8FIGURE 3-1: CHANNEL PLANS, DUAL-BAND ........................................................................................................3-10FIGURE 3-2: CHANNEL PLAN, SINGLE-BAND........................................................................................................3-10FIGURE 3-3: NEGATIVE VOLTAGE DC CONNECTION ............................................................................................3-14FIGURE 3-4: POSITIVE VOLTAGE DC CONNECTION ..............................................................................................3-14FIGURE 3-5: AC CONNECTION ............................................................................................................................3-15FIGURE 3-6: TYPICAL RSL VOLTAGE VERSUS RECEIVED SIGNAL LEVEL (RSL)......................................................3-20FIGURE 3-7: TYPICAL RF OUTPUT POWER VERSUS PWR VOLTAGE.......................................................................3-24FIGURE 3-8: ORDERWIRE & VF PORT CONNECTION.............................................................................................3-30FIGURE 3-9: PIN CONNECTIONS, ALARM INTERFACE .........................................................................................3-31FIGURE 3-10: RS-232 CONFIG PORT CONNECTIONS.............................................................................................3-33FIGURE 4-1: BACK-TO-BACK TEST CONFIGURATION ............................................................................................4-16FIGURE 4-2: END-TO-END TEST CONFIGURATION ................................................................................................4-17FIGURE B-1: FAST ETHERNET & ETHERNET NMS CONNECTORS........................................................................... 5-2FIGURE D-1: VF PORT CONNECTION...................................................................................................................5-18FIGURE D-2: ALARM PORT CONNECTIONS...........................................................................................................5-18FIGURE D-3: CONFIG(URATION) PORT 9-PIN D-STYLE CONNECTOR .....................................................................5-18FIGURE D-4: AUX DATA PORT 9-PIN D-STYLE CONNECTOR .............................................................................5-19TablesTABLE 3-A: DC POWER CONNECTION FOR NEGATIVE SUPPLY..............................................................................3-12TABLE 3-B: DC POWER CONNECTION FOR NEGATIVE SUPPLY..............................................................................3-12TABLE 3-C: TRANSMITTER OUTPUT POWER ADJUSTMENT....................................................................................3-27TABLE 3-D: ALARM INTERFACE CONNECTIONS....................................................................................................3-32TABLE A-1: INTERCONNECTION SPECIFICATION.................................................................................................... 5-1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 1: HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL PAGE 1-11. How to Use This Manual1.1 Manual OrganizationThe Installation and Maintenance Manual provides information required to install and maintainTsunami and to use its many features to the fullest advantage. This manual is divided into thefollowing sections:Section 1 Provides instructions on how to most effectively utilize the information inthis manual.Section 2 Provides a brief description and specifications of the Tsunami.Section 3 Explains the Tsunami installation and adjustments in detail.Section 4 Provides maintenance, repair and troubleshooting information for theTsunami Fast Ethernet radios.Appendices Charts and diagrams are provided for radio connections and DIP switchsettings along with other general information.This device must be professionally installed. Instructions onsetting the transmitter RF output power are contained inSection 3 of this Manual.This device is to be used exclusively for fixed point-to-pointoperation that employs directional antennas.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 1-2 SECTION 1: HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL1.2 IconsThroughout this manual, the following icons are used to highlight areas of special interest andimportance.Note Practical Tip Caution
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-12. Product Description2.1 General DescriptionThe Tsunami license-free radios provide a new level of control and convenience in a digitalcommunications network.These Tsunami radios provide 100BaseT intelligent bridging between two locations without the delayand expense of installing cable or traditional microwave.Because each owner controls the operation of the link, there is no reliance on any outside services.Tsunami radio operators are able to operate instant links whenever needed, and to be in control oftheir own network.The Tsunami offers two primary benefits:❖ CONVENIENCE Easy to install and operate with no user licenserequirements or frequency coordination in the USA.(Other countries may require a user license and/orfrequency coordination).❖ CAPABILITY Full transparent Fast Ethernet connections with nothroughput reduction over any line-of-sight distance(within legal limits of government regulation)Tsunami radios are ISO Layer 2 Data Link Layer (use MAC address for filtering) devices where theyprovide their full stated throughput. At level 2 (bridges) or 3 (routers) where hardware plays the majorpart, the most common tester is the SmartBits 200 product from NetCom Systems. At ApplicationLayer 7, you will see less than 40% throughput from the maximum capacity measured w/SmartBitsdue to the increased protocol/software overhead at that level. Layer 7 can be tested with softwaresuch as Ganymede's Chariot or Qcheck product.As an example: testing copper CAT5 cable with SmartBits will test 100% throughput (let's say youcan send/rcv a full 10Mbps). At Layer 7 you will be transferring data at the 10Mbps rate, but only4Mbps of user data will transfer (Ethernet has a high overhead of bytes added to each data packeteach time you go up a layer). The advantage is the more complex overhead makes the data virtuallyresilient to corruption and minor errors (i.e. collisions), it’s easy to reroute and can use inexpensiveplug/play devices like hubs/switches instead of multiplexers as used in the telco industry (i.e. LYNXT1 radios)Western Multiplex tests at Layer 2/3 where bridges are defined. At layer 7 (application layer), you willsee less than 40% or more depending on the other traffic that may be on the LAN as this layer ismore dependent on the type of data being sent (it does not matter if it's wire, fiber or any Ethernetbridge -wired or wireless). Another way to look at it: the model 31145 12Mbps (10Mbps10BaseT+T1/E1 wayside) bridge will test the same as a piece of CAT5 Ethernet cable.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 2-2 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.2 SpecificationsAll specifications are subject to change without notice.2.2.1 TransmitterFrequency Selection NMS selection with installer-removable 7-cavity RF filter assemblyFrequency Dual-Band Single-Band A1 5284 MHz 5750 MHz A2 5759 MHz 5800 MHz B1 5316 MHz N/A B2 5791 MHz N/AOutput Power +10/+17 dBm +17 dBm(Note: output power is specified as guaranteed minimum before attenuation)Control Range 16 dB min. 16 dB min.DO NOT exceed the transmit power setting as set at the factory!Exceeding the factory-set power level will degrade the specifications of theradio and may also violate regulatory compliance. Output power may beattenuated from factory setting to comply with regulatory EIRP limits.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-32.2.2 Antenna / Antenna Coupling UnitMechanics External antennaAntenna Connection N-type femaleImpedance 50 ohmsRecommended 1, or 2 foot flat panel orAntenna (ordered separately) 2, 4 or 6 foot parabolicGain & Beamwidth (3 dB)1 ft Flat 23.5 dB / 9°2 ft Flat 28 dB / 4.6°2 ft Parabolic 28.5 dB / 6°4 ft Parabolic 35 dB / 3°6 ft Parabolic 38 dB / 2.9°2.2.3 ReceiverAll ModelsNominal Receive Level -30 to -60 dBmMaximum Receive Level -30 dBm error free, 0 dBm no damageFrequency Selection Craft port selection with installer-removable 7-cavity RFfilter assemblyThreshold Rx Level (typ.) -80 dBm(BER = 10-6)Frequency RangeDual-band A2/B2 channel 5250-5350 MHzDual-band A1/B1 channel 5725-5825 MHzSingle-band A1/B1 channel 5725-5825 MHz
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 2-4 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.2.4 System (Single Hop Performance)Error Floor 10-11Transmission delay(radio only) 250 µsec, maximum(10 mile path) 300 µsec, maximumTransmit FrequenciesDual-band Single-bandA1 channel 5284 MHz 5750MHzA2 channel 5759 MHz 5800 MHzB1 channel 5316 MHz N/AB2 channel 5791 MHz N/AReceive FrequenciesDual-band Single-bandA1 channel 5759 MHz 5800 MHzA2 channel 5284 MHz 5750 MHzB1 channel 5791 MHz N/AB2 channel 5316 MHz N/A
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-52.2.5 Line InterfacesFast Ethernet Port:Data Interface 100BaseT (fully compatible with IEEE 802.3u)Connectors RJ-45/48c (wire)ST (fiber)Configuration Half duplex or full duplex on the WAN interfaceFiltering 15,000 frames per second theoretical, before forwardingBuffer 256-frameLAN Table 1,000 MAC addressesSelf-learning Automatic learning and agingDigital Capacity ~45 Mbps full or half duplex (90 Mbps total)DS-1 (T1) Port: (on T1 wayside models with –41 suffix)Data Rate 1.544 MbpsDigital Interface * DSX-1Connector 8-pin modular jack female (RJ-48C)Line Code AMI / B8ZS (NMS selectable)Line Build Out 0-660 feet (NMS selectable)Blue Code ** Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)Loopback Near or far end (NMS selectable)* Meets AT&T Pub 62411, Bellcore TR-TSY-000499.** Signal is selectable (on/off) and is generated only on data loss or link failure when enabled.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 2-6 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONCEPT (E1) Port: (on E1 wayside models with –42 suffix)Data Rate 2.048 MbpsDigital Interface * CEPT-1Connector RJ45/8 balanced, 120 ohm(optional 75 ohm, unbalanced balun available)Line Code HDB3Blue Code ** Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)Remote Loopback Internal or external test signal (rear panel DIP switch selectable)* Meets ITU-T G.703.** Signal is selectable (on/off) and is generated only on data loss or link failure when selected.2.2.6 Auxiliary ConnectionsOrderwire Interface 2-wire, 4-pin modular jack, female (RJ-11)REN (Ringer Equivalency Number) 1.0 BDTMF tones within ±1.5% of nominal freq. (+0-6 dB)Ringing Voltage 48 VDC, typical(use telephones with solid state ringers, NOT adequate for older style mechanical ringers)VF Orderwire Bridge 600 ohm balanced, 4-wire, 0 dBm, DB-9, maleConfig(uration) Port RS-232, DB-9, maleAux Data (clear service channel) RS-232, ≤9600 baud, DB-9, femaleAlarm 2 x Form C, DB-9, femaleTest Points Output PowerNear-end and far-end received signal level (RSL)10BaseT NMS Ethernet Port:Data Interface 10BaseTConnectors RJ-45/48c (wire)Configuration Half duplex
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-72.2.7 Temperature and EnvironmentOperating Temperature Range -10 to +50°CHumidity 95% non-condensingAltitude 4,500 meters, maximum2.2.8 PowerDC Input Voltage ±20 to ±63 VDCPower Consumption < 55 wattsAC Adapter (optional) 100-250 VAC, 50-60 HzConnector Barrier strip, plug-in type2.2.9 Regulatory InformationDual-band Single-bandFCC Identifier HZB-U5358-45 HZB-U58-45FCC Rule Parts 15.407 (UNII) 15.407 (UNII)Industry Canada ID TBD 5221021581AIC Rule Parts RSS 210 (LE-LAN) RSS-210 (LE-LAN)2.2.10 MechanicalWidth (for 19-inch EIA 437 mm (17.2") rack mounting brackets suppliedrack mounting)Height 89 mm (3.5") (2RU)Depth 368 mm (14.5")Weight 5 kg. (11 lbs.)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 2-8 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.3 Front Panel Description2.3.1 GeneralThe Tsunami radio front panel (no user access on rear panel), as shown in Figure 2-1, has LEDindicators, test points, controls and connections that are used for installation, maintenance, operationand troubleshooting. Prior to installation, it is best to be familiar with the front panel of your particularmodel. Sections 2.3.2 through 2.3.5 briefly describe the front panel access and indicators.Figure 2-1: Front Panel
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-92.3.2 Test Points / Power IndicatorON This is an LED indication. When lit GREEN, Tsunami is powered.The Tsunami radio products do not have an on/off switch.GND This is a test point referenced to chassis ground. This is used in conjunction withthe next two test points to measure voltages related to radio performance.RSL This is a test point that relates to the Received Signal Level (RSL). The voltage ismeasured with a voltmeter (using the GND test point for reference) whichcorresponds to the actual power level of the incoming received signal. While theDISPLAY FAR END button is pressed, this RSL voltage corresponds to the RSL ofthe far-end radio. These measurements are used during installation, maintenanceand troubleshooting. Refer to Figure 3-6 in Section 3-20.LOCALTX PWR This is a test point which corresponds to the output transmit power of the radio. Thevoltage is measured with a voltmeter (using the GND test point for reference) whichcorresponds to the actual power level of the outgoing signal. This measurement isused during installation, maintenance and troubleshooting.This voltage only applies to the near-end and does not allow measurementof the far-end output transmit power, even when the DISPLAY FAR ENDbutton is pressed.There is a receptacle on the front panel to the right of the LOCAL TX PWR testpoint which is an installation adjustment allowing the output transmit power to beincreased or decreased within the radio's specified limits. Using a smallscrewdriver, this adjustment is used to set the output power of the transmitter, inaccordance to the path planning.The Tsunami system requires professional installation. Transmitted outputpower limits may apply when using this radio. Consult FCC, IC, WesternMultiplex or other regulatory authorities for limits which may apply. SeeSection 3.13.1 for details on setting output power. Do not adjust outputpower above factory settings.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 2-10 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.3.3 Alarm and Status IndicatorsRadio Fail Green = Radio hardware O.K.Red = Hardware failure detectedRF Link Green = Error-free operationYellow = Bit errors occurringRed = Excessive bit errors or radio link failureFlashing = Link security ID mismatchTXD Green = 100BaseT data transmit presentYellow = 100BaseT port connected (no data present)Off = No 100BaseT connection detectedRXD Green = 100BaseT data receive presentYellow = 100BaseT port connected (no data present)Off = No 100BaseT connection detectedCOLL Yellow = Collisions occurring on 100BaseT (half-duplex mode)FAR END Red = Alarm(s) present on the far-end radio**NMS (10BaseT) Green = Tx or Rx data present on the NMS interfaceYellow = NMS interface connected (no data present)Off = No NMS interface connection detectedT1 INPUT Green = Alarm enabled and T1 connection detectedRed = Alarm enabled and no T1 connection detectedYellow = Alarm disabled and T1 connection detectedOff = Alarm disabled and no T1 connection detected** Radio Fail, RF Link (yellow or red), T1 Input (yellow or red)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-112.3.4 ControlsDISPLAYFAR END This push-button provides the capability to determine alarms and status of the far-end radio. When pressed and held, the alarm and status LEDs and the RSL testpoint correspond to the far-end radio’s status and RSL value. This can be used forinstallation, maintenance and troubleshooting. When the LED on this switch isflashing, no far-end information is available. This typically indicates that there is nolink between near-end and far-end radios.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 2-12 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.3.5 ConnectionsRF CONNECTIONThe RF port of the Tsunami radio is an N-type female connector that is an integral part of the filterassembly. The filter assembly occupies nearly the entire top half of the front panel. The N-Typeconnector is used to connect the antenna, typically using coaxial transmission line. In some cases,waveguide may be used as the primary transmission line, in which case a waveguide-to-N adapter isrequired.For the Tsunami, 1/2" or 5/8” coaxial cable (LDF4-50 or LDF4.5-50) is recommended. Coaxial cable that is 7/8” or larger can exhibitmoding at 5.8 GHz and is not recommended for 5.8 GHz radios.For waveguide transmission line at 5.8 GHz, EW-52 waveguide isrecommended. EW-63 will also work, but may exhibit more loss.DATA CONNECTIONThe connection for the Fast Ethernet interface that carries the signals in and out of the radio is anRJ45 100BaseT wire connection or ST 100BaseT fiber connection.DC POWER CONNECTIONThe input accepts positive or negative DC power at any voltage between 20 and 63 Volts. Optionally,an AC power adapter can be used.OPTIONAL CONNECTIONSThere are several connections that are not required for operation, but provide additional facilities tothe user.EOWVFThis connection is used to access the electronic orderwire function. This is a facilityfor "telephone" style service from one radio to another. A standard electronictelephone [one with a handset and DTMF (push-button tone) dialing] plugs into thisconnector. The user can dial the orderwire address of the far-end radio (or anyradio in the Tsunami network) to establish telephone communication between sites.This communication does not interrupt or interfere with the other radiocommunications. The radio link must be operational to use this facility. Theorderwire feature can be very useful for installation, maintenance andtroubleshooting.This connector is used to link two Tsunami radios at a repeater site for Orderwireoperation. This would allow orderwire "telephone" calls to and from any point in theTsunami network.The Tsunami orderwire circuit can also be connected to other existingorderwire networks. See Section 3.14.1 for details.ALARM This connector is used for monitoring alarms electrically. The Form C relays can beconnected to other transmission equipment for monitoring alarm status locally orremotely.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-13CONFIG This is a serial interface port (RS-232) to the Tsunami radio. This port providesconfiguration and maintenance information about the Tsunami radio(s) to aconnected computer or terminal. Consult factory for operation.AUXDATA This is a serial interface port (RS-232, ≤9600 baud) which allows the user toconnect auxiliary serial data from one point in the radio network to another. It canbe used for separate data connection for serial devices.10BaseTNMS This is an Ethernet connection for access to the Tsunami NMS (SNMP or HTML).See section 4.11 for more detail for operation.T1 This is a wayside data channel for T1 (DS-1) interface of auxiliarytraffic (277X0-51 Models).E1 This is a wayside data channel for E1 (CEPT-1) interface ofauxiliary traffic (277X0-52 Models).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 2-14 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.4 Rear Panel DescriptionThe Tsunami radio rear panel, is blank. All connections and indications are on the front panel for“single panel” access
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-152.5 Installation AccessoriesThe Tsunami radio is shipped with several accessories commonly required for the radio as describedbelow:AC PowerSupply If ordered as an option, this power supply provides AC to DC conversion for usewith AC powered locations.AC PowerCord This power cord connects the AC Power Supply, if ordered, to a standard 115VU.S. AC outlet.Rack MountBrackets Two brackets (along with required mounting screws) are provided which allow 19-inch rack mounting of the Tsunami radio.TerminalConnector This is a 6-pin mating connector used for DC power supply.DConnector9-pinFour of these mating connectors are provided. One is used for the VF port, onefor the CONFIG port, one for the ALARMS port and one for the AUX DATA port.RF PowerAdjustmentCoverA small plastic cap is provided which is placed over the RF output poweradjustment receptacle once output power has been set by professionalinstallation personnel.Do not adjust the power higher than the factory setting! Before setting thepower level lower, note the factory setting or keep the radio’s configurationsheet attached for future reference.Other accessories are available, such as orderwire handsets, connector adapters and special cables.These can be ordered separately upon request.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-13. Installation & Adjustments3.1 Shipping ContainerThe equipment is shipped in boxes unless ordered as an integrated system and configured at thefactory, in which case the equipment may be racked and shipped in a crate. The equipment ispackaged so as to prevent damage in transit.The boxes should be left intact and sheltered until arrival at the installation site.If the shipping container shows signs of damage, thetransportation company should be notified immediately. Extracare and inspection of the contents is advised immediately uponreceipt.It is recommended that all the packaging materials beretained. In the unlikely event that the equipment must bereturned to the factory, use the original packing materials forreturn shipment. The original packaging materials are alsorecommended for transporting the equipment fromlocation to location.Inside the primary shipping containers, internal boxes may contain other items. These boxesshould also be saved for future use.Also, save the Tsunami radio test data sheet that is provided.The test data sheet can be placed where the Tsunami terminalwill be installed for future quick reference. All Tsunami units areindividually tested and the actual measured performancerecorded on the Factory Test Data Sheet. You will find thisinformation to be of use during installation, troubleshooting andmaintenance.A set of “quick installation instructions” is also provided which can be useful for easy referenceduring installation.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 3-2 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.2 Packing Items IdentificationThe primary shipping container houses the radio along with other items including:❖This manual❖Installation accessory kit (see Section 2.5)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-33.3 Before Installation Task ListThere are several tasks that should be accomplished prior to installing the Tsunami radiosystem. This section briefly describes the following:- Site selection- Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance determination- Anticipated RSL calculation- Fade margin calculation- Availability calculation- Frequency plan determination- Power supply planning- Antenna (and accessories) purchaseOnly directional antennas should be used with Tsunami radios.These are typically flat panel or solid parabolic antennas.Western Multiplex recommends a maximum beamwidth of 10degrees for directional systems.3.3.1 Site Selection RequirementsThe radio site must have:- access to the appropriate power- close proximity to the telephone or computer system you wish to interconnect- line-of-sight to the other radio location with adequate clearance- location for mounting the antenna
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 3-4 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.3.2 Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance GuidelinesThe Tsunami radios will not operate properly unless they have line-of-sight between theircorresponding antennas. The Tsunami radio transmission will not pass through trees or otherobstacles. Factors to consider include:- Earth curvature- Future growth of trees- Height of buildingsIn addition to the line-of-sight requirement, a well-engineered path will also have additional pathclearance to allow for signal loss due to partial obstructions, atmospheric ducting and groundreflections. To maximize radio reception, 0.6 times the first Fresnel zone should be calculatedand this distance added to the path clearance (in addition to trees or buildings).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-53.3.3 RSL Calculation and Link BudgetThe received signal level (RSL) can be estimated using the following formula:RSL (dBm) = Pout - FL1+ G1 + G2 - FL2 - Lpwhere: Pout is the transmitter output power (in dBm)FL1 is the feeder loss of the transmit side (in dB)G1 is the gain of the transmit antenna (in dB)G2 is the gain of the receive antenna (in dB)FL2 is the feeder loss of the receive side (in dB)Lp is the Path loss, defined by:Lp (dB) = 96.6 + 20 log10F + 20 log10Dwhere: F = Frequency in GHz (2.4 or 5.8)D = Distance of path in milesThis link budget is very important for determining any potential problems during installation. Ifyou have calculated the expected RSL, you can see if it has been achieved during installation,and troubleshoot if necessary.In the USA and Canada, Tsunami radios may be installed with any gaindirectional antennas but with a total system limit of +30 dbm EIRP for the 5.3 GHztransmitter channel frequencies. 5.8 GHz transmitters have an EIRP limit of +53dBm. For the equation above, replace the Pout - FL1+ G1 by the EIRP limit.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 3-6 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.3.4 Fade Margin CalculationThe fade margin is the difference between the actual received signal and the radio’s threshold.Using the formula provided in Section 3.3.3, the anticipated RSL can be calculated. Comparethis RSL to the specified threshold of the Tsunami radio (shown in Section 2.2) and calculate thefade margin as the difference between the two signal levels.3.3.5 Availability CalculationAvailability of the microwave path is a measure of the percent of the time that the link willoperate without producing an excessive BER due to multipath fading. In the absence of directinterference, availability is affected by the following:- Path length- Fade margin- Frequency (5.3 or 5.8 GHz in the case of these Tsunami radios)- Terrain (smooth, average, mountainous)- Climate (dry, temperate, hot/humid)Depending on the type of traffic carried over the link, the system designer may wish to design fora specific availability. For example, if the data or voice traffic that is carried by the radio iscritical then it may be designed for a very high availability (e.g. 99.999% or 5.3 minutes ofoutage per year). To improve availability, for example, the fade margin can be increased bymaking the path shorter, or by using higher gain antennas in conjunction with lower loss feeders(by using high quality transmission line or shortening feed length).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-73.3.6 Frequency Plan DeterminationWhen configuring radios in a hub or repeater configuration, careful engineering of the Tsunamiradio frequency plans and antenna locations should be performed in order to minimize potentialinterference between the nearby radios. As a rule of thumb, do not place identical frequency planradios (e.g. two “A” channel radios) at the same site. In most cases, it is desirable to use adifferent frequency plan (e.g. A versus B). However, with careful engineering, placing more thanone radio of the same frequency channel plan at the same site is easily accomplished. In fact,the Tsunami frequency plan is designed to allow complex hub configurations that may require re-using the same frequency plan. When designing these types of configurations, antenna size andantenna location are critical. If identical channel plans must be used at the same site, the sameradio channel (e.g. A1 and A1) should be used at a site to minimize interference. Using alternatechannels (e.g. A1 and A2) is less likely to be successful (and therefore not recommended) due tothe high level of transmitter to receiver isolation required from the antenna system.Sometimes it is required to locate the Tsunami radio nearby a transmitter that is the same as, orclose to the Tsunami receive or transmit frequencies. In this case, the Tsunami terminal thatshould be placed closest to this interfering transmitter should be the specific terminal with thereceive frequency which is furthest from this unwanted transmitted frequency. This approachminimizes the potential of interference. While interference conditions are rare when using theTsunami radios, cases of interference may be overcome by exchanging the radios from end toend or simply reinstalling a different filter unit (if applicable), as described in Section 4.2. Insome cases, changing frequency plans (e.g. from A to B) can also help mitigate any interference.Section 4.8 of this manual describes interferencecountermeasures in further detail.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 3-8 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.3.7 Power Supply PlanningThe Tsunami radio must have access to a supply of appropriate power, either DC or AC (if theAC adapter option has been ordered). The Tsunami can be powered from a DC battery system,or from a solar or generator power plant, usually with battery reserves. Typically either a positiveor negative ground 24 or 48 volt supply is used. For DC, be sure the cable is of sufficient gaugeto carry the necessary current and it is less than three (3) meters (9.75 feet) in length.Before installing the radio, plan for the continuous power consumption needs in accordance withthe specifications given in Section 2.2 of this manual. It is also wise to plan for backup power forcritical communication circuits (including the Tsunami radio). Backup power allows the radiosand associated equipment to continue operation when primary power is interrupted.3.3.8 Antenna PlanningUsing path planning mathematics, proper antenna size can be determined which will yield thedesired path performance. In general, the larger the antenna that is used with the Tsunami radio,the better the link will perform. Larger antennas have narrower beamwidth and higher gain,which will yield better link performance (higher fade margin, better availability) and improveimmunity to interference (due to the smaller beamwidths). However, larger antennas are morecostly to purchase and install than smaller antennas, in some cases requiring special equipmentfor installation. All of these factors should be taken into consideration when selecting antennas.In areas where transmitted output power restrictions apply, theuse of larger antennas will maintain the benefit of narrowbeamwidths and receive gain. However, output power mayneed to be reduced to meet regulations. (See Section 3.13.1)Prior to installation, the specific antenna location and mounting should be determined. Thisadvanced planning also yields the transmission line requirements. Only directional antennas should be used with Tsunamiradios. These can be flat panel or solid parabolic antennas.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-93.4 Tools RequiredThe following tools may be required for the installation of the Tsunami radios:- Phillips (cross tip) screwdrivers (for 19-inch rack mounting and attachment ofbrackets)- Small blade standard screwdriver (for power supply connector and RF output poweradjust)- Soldering iron (if using any D-type connectors)- Wire strippers (for removing insulation from power supply and other wiring)- Wire crimpers (if using any RJ-style connectors that aren’t pre-made)- Digital Voltmeter (to measure RSL, Tx output power, Alarms)The following tools are recommended for the installation of the Tsunami radios:- RF power meter (to measure transmitter output power)- Cellular phone or two-way radio (for talking with far-end crew and tower crew)- Bit Error Rate test set (to test link after installation)- Computer (for NMS access with 10BaseT interface and cable)- Touch-tone Telephone* (to test orderwire circuits and for communication with far-end)Additional tools will likely be needed for antenna and transmission line installation and antennaalignment. Consult Sections 3.8 through 3.10 of this manual for more details.*Telephone connection specifications:REN (Ringer Equivalency Number) 1.0 BDTMF tones within ±1.5% of nominal freq.Ringing Voltage 48 VDC, typical(Ringing voltage is adequate for modern solid state ringers,NOT for the older mechanical type ringers)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 3-10 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.5 Frequency Channel PlansThe Tsunami system offers non-overlapping channel plans. This channel plan arrangementallows users to implement Tsunami systems in the proximity of other Tsunami radios (planned orunplanned), hub and repeater applications, and can be used to mitigate interference. Thechannel plans are illustrated below in Figures 3-1 through 3-2. Section 4.2 and 4.3 describe howto change frequency channel assignments of a Tsunami radio.Figure 3-1: Channel Plans, Dual-BandFigure 3-2: Channel Plan, Single-BandFrequency (MHz)535053165250A1 B1582557915725 5759A2 B2Frequency (MHz)582558005725 5750C1 C2
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-113.6 Mounting the TsunamiThe Tsunami radio can be mounted at any height in a standard 19-inch rack. Blank rack-mounting spaces above and below the Tsunami are recommended, especially if the surroundingequipment dissipates a considerable amount of heat (over 40W).The Tsunami radio may be set up for mounting with the front edge projecting from the front faceof a standard 19-inch rack using the rack mounting brackets enclosed with the screws in theAccessory Kit (4 per bracket). The rack mounting brackets may be reversed, in order to install forflush or cabinet mounting if preferred. Depending on rack configuration, it may be necessary toremove the four adhesive backed rubber feet on the bottom of the unit.The Tsunami radio has internal fans which intake andexhaust on the left and right sides of the chassis. When rackmounting, it is important to leave a small gap between theouter edges of the radio and the inside edge of the rack.The Tsunami radio may alternatively be placed on a table or shelfattached to a wall. Because of the low weight of the Tsunami, anymounting option other than rack mounting will be less secure.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 3-12 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.7 Power Connection and WiringThere is no ON/OFF switch on the Tsunami. As soon aspower is applied, the equipment will be operational. Thismeans that there can be up to 1W of RF power present atthe antenna port. The antenna port should be terminatedbefore power is applied.Power is connected using the DC power plug contained in the Accessory Kit. Use Table 3-A or 3-B along with the associated diagram of Figure 3-3 or 3-4 to connect the DC power cables. Forexample, for a negative DC power input, use Table 3-A and Figure 3-3.NEGATIVE DC POWER INPUT(–20 TO –63 VDC)PIN FUNCTION1 Power (–DC)2 Ground (see figure 3-7)3 Return (+DC)4 Return (+DC)5 Ground (see figure 3-7)6 Power (–DC)Table 3-A: DC Power Connection for Negative SupplyPOSITIVE DC POWER INPUT(+20 TO +63 VDC)PIN FUNCTION1 Return (–DC)2 Ground (see figure 3-8)3 Power (+DC)4 Power (+DC)5 Ground (see figure 3-8)6 Return (–DC)Table 3-B: DC Power Connection for Negative SupplyPins 1 and 6 are connected together on the motherboard.Either pin may be used to apply (-DC) DC power input.Similarly, pins 3 and 4 are connected together on themotherboard and may be used to apply (+DC) DC power input.For DC power return connection, connect to the oppositevoltage (either the -DC or the +DC Pin) and connect the returnto ground at the DC power plug on pins 2 and/or 5.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-133.7.1 DC Power WiringConnect the power cable with adequate current rating (minimum of 20 AWG) to the terminalsshown on the removed (not plugged into the radio) DC power plug using the screw connections.The recommended minimum current rating of external fuses and cables is 3 Amps. The Tsunamiradios consume less than 1 Amp at ±48V and less than 2 Amps at ±24V. Be sure the DC powercable is less than 3 meters (9.75 feet) in length.Each Tsunami terminal should be externally fused separatelywith a 5 Amp maximum fuse. The DC power cable must beless than three (3) meters in length.If using negative power, connect the negative voltage to pins 1 or 6. Connect the ground returnconnection to pins 3 or 4. See Figure 3-3.If using positive power, connect the positive voltage to pins 3 or 4. Connect the ground returnconnection to pins 1 or 6. See Figure 3-4.The ground connection is available at pins 2 and 5. Either pin may be used to ground the returnside of the power supply. Do not ground both sides of the power supply.Proper grounding, either through the chassis and/or the powersupply, can be very important for protection from lightning. Agrounding screw hole is provided on the rear panel.The ground connection may be left floating if the power supplyis referenced to ground externally and to avoid ground loops insome configurations. However, this may not provide adequategrounding for lightning protection.Use a DVM (digital voltmeter) to verify voltage and polarity on the DC power plug.Do not connect the DC power plug to the rear of the Tsunamiterminal until a load is connected to the antenna port (either anRF pad, or an RF cable and antenna).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 3-14 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSFigure 3-3: Negative Voltage DC ConnectionFigure 3-4: Positive Voltage DC ConnectionMake sure that when connecting the mating plug that it isproperly oriented (terminal screws pointing up) and securelyfastened.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-153.7.2 AC Power ConnectionThe optional AC power supply operates from any AC voltage 100V - 250V and 50 Hz or 60 Hz.The AC supply is equipped with a mating connector that plugs directly into the Tsunami radioand an AC cord with a 3-pin AC plug. The AC cord color code is shown in Figure 3-5 in caseusers wish to replace the AC plug supplied with a different type of plug.Figure 3-5: AC Connection
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 3-16 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.8 Antenna ConnectionThe Tsunami radio is equipped with an N-type female connector at the antenna port located onthe rear panel. A short length (~6 feet) jumper cable such as RG-214 coax (or “pigtail”) fitted withtwo N-type male connectors can be used to connect the antenna port to the antennatransmission line (see Section 3.9). The recommended cable type for a jumper is RG-214.A low loss 50-ohm cable (for example LDF4-50 1/2 inch coax) or EW-52 waveguide isrecommended for the antenna transmission line between the top of the rack and the antenna.The return loss presented by the transmission line at the top of the rack should be as high aspossible (20 dB, minimum recommended). The length of the antenna transmission line should bekept as short as possible (to minimize losses).To minimize feeder losses, the use of elliptical waveguide is recommended (typical loss is 1.25dB/100 ft) for feeder lengths in excess of 200 feet. Depending on path length and feeder length,1/2 inch or 5/8 inch coax cable can be used.For the Tsunami radio, 1/2” or 5/8” coaxial cable (LDF4-50 orLDF4.5-50) is recommended. Coaxial cable 7/8” or larger canexhibit moding at 5.8 GHz and is not recommended for 5.8GHz radios. For waveguide transmission line at 5.8 GHz, EW-52 waveguide is recommended. EW-63 will also work, but mayexhibit more loss.Do not use right angle N-type connectors with the 5.8 GHzTsunami radios: they may present high loss at 5.8 GHz. Do notuse a low quality N-type jumper cable with the Tsunami. Somecable types, such as RG-8, may have high loss at 5.8 GHz.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-173.9 Transmission Line ConnectionThe transmission line feeder (such as LDF4-50 1/2 inch coax cable or EW-52 ellipticalwaveguide) should be prepared first by cutting to the approximate length (allowing some excess)and installing the appropriate connector on the antenna end.The prepared transmission line is then pulled through the cable ducts, trays or conduit (asrequired) to the antenna, while being careful not to kink or damage the transmission line in anyway.The transmission line should be supported in a tray on horizontal runs and by hangers on verticalruns. Hangers should be spaced according to the manufacturer’s instructions (typically every 5feet under conditions of no ice and not greater than 85 mph winds).The transmission line should be grounded using the manufacture’s recommended grounding kit.Grounding kits attach to the outer copper conductor. Grounds must be installed at the antenna,at the bottom of the tower (if applicable) and where the transmission line enters the building.Long transmission line runs should be grounded every 100 feet. In areas of high incidence oflightning, dissipaters should be attached to antennas. In addition, coaxial, in-line, spark-gap type,lightning suppressors should be added at the bottom of the coax cable before entering thebuilding/enclosure.Any in-line lightning protection device must be rated for theoperating frequency of the Tsunami (5.3/5.8 GHz).After installation, the transmission line is terminated with an N-type male connector/adapterattached at the equipment end. For waveguide, this typically requires a CPR-to-N adapter.Prior to operation, the electrical integrity of the transmission line, including all connectors, can bechecked with a simple DC check between the center conductor and outer conductor. (This isneither possible, nor required for waveguide).The transmission line should ideally be connected directly to the antenna at one end and to theTsunami antenna port at the other end. However, short RG-214 type pigtail jumper cables maybe required to avoid sharp bends in the transmission line to limit stress on either connection.7/8 inch coax cable or larger is not recommended for use at5.3 GHz and higher frequencies.Do not use right angle N-type connectors with the 5.3 or 5.8GHz Tsunami radios: they may present high loss at 5.3 or 5.8GHz. Do not use a low quality N-type jumper cable with theTsunami. Some cable types, such as RG-8, may have too higha loss at 5.3 and 5.8 GHz.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 3-18 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.10 Antenna Installation & AlignmentThe antenna installation consists of permanently mounting the antenna outdoors on a tower,building roof, or other location that provides line-of-sight path clearance to the far-end location.In general, antennas smaller than 2 feet diameter are not recommended for urban areas due totheir wider beamwidths, which results in higher interference susceptibility.Antennas should be ordered with a suitable mounting kit specific to the site requirements. Forexample, specifying round or angle tower leg adapters, or a roof tripod as necessary.The antenna must be very rigidly mounted, with adequate room for azimuth and elevationadjustment from the rear.The antenna polarization must be the same at both ends of the link, either vertical or horizontal.In general, antenna mountings require a support pipe to which upper and lower support bracketsare attached with “U” bolts. The antenna and optional elevation and azimuth adjustment rods arethen mounted onto the support brackets. The whole structure must be adequately grounded forlightning protection. The antenna system must always be installed according to themanufacturer’s instructions.Unless special test equipment is available, two operating Tsunami terminals are required to alignthe antennas. Alternatively, a CW generator may be used to transmit a signal toward the endunder alignment.The antenna is coarse aligned using visual sighting and then fine aligned using the receive signallevel (RSL) voltage of the Tsunami.The RSL voltage reading can still be used to peak antennaseven if the radios have not synchronized, however far-endRSL cannot be measured from the near-end terminal untilradios are synchronized.To coarse align the antenna, first set it for flat elevation (no up or down tilt) using a spirit level.Then point it at a heading marker obtained using a compass back-bearing from an adjacentlocation, (ideally, 100 feet or more away from the antenna).If a heading marker cannot be set sufficiently far away (for example when on a city building roofor looking through a window) then a rough azimuth setting can be obtained by sighting along theantenna feed.INSTALLER CAUTION: Antennas used for this device must be fix-mounted on permanent outdoor structures to provide 5 meter or moreseparation from all persons during device operation to comply with FCCand other regulatory RF Exposure requirements. Installers should contactthe manufacturer for applicable antenna gain and type restrictions to ensurecompliance.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-19It should be verified that both antennas are on the samepolarization by using the manufacturer’s instructions. Otherwisethe RSL will be approximately 25 to 30 dB below the calculatedlevel.Most antennas will also need fine alignment obtained using an operating link because it is veryimportant to maximize the receive RF signal level at each end of the radio link.Read Section 3.7 before applying DC power to the Tsunami radio.Once the coarse alignment has been set-up at both ends, then the link can be powered andsome level of reliable communication established. The voltage at the Tsunami front panel RSLtest point should be measured with a DVM to determine the relative receive RF signal level.For the fine alignment, adjusting first the azimuth and then the elevation of the local antenna willmaximize the RSL voltage. Then, the far antenna is aligned in the same way, using the RSLvoltage of its local Tsunami radio.When aligning antennas it may be convenient to run two wires from the RSL and ground testpoints to the antenna so that the voltmeter reading is directly visible to the technicians aligningthe antenna. Also, a cellular telephone or two-way radio may be useful for coordinatingalignment activities between both ends of the link. Once the radios are coarse aligned andsynchronized, the built-in orderwire phone service can also be used to coordinate alignmentbetween both ends of the link.An orderwire telephone will provide end-to-end voicecommunications once radios are synchronized. Synchronizationusually can be accomplished by coarse alignment only. Aftersynchronization, the orderwire phones can be used to communicatebetween radio sites for antenna fine alignment. The phoneinterconnect cable can be extended to the antenna when desired.The larger the antenna size, the more critical alignment becomes: for example, with a 2 footdish, the antenna can be moved ±3 degrees off the correct heading before the receive signallevel drops by 3 dB. This compares with a 6-foot dish which may only be moved ±1 degree forthe same degradation.The graph shown in Figure 3-6 shows the typical variation of RSL voltage as the receive signallevel is increased from threshold to a higher level. There is some variation between Tsunamireceivers, but an approximate estimate of the potential RSL value may be made using thisfigure.Use the Factory Test Data Sheet shipped with your Tsunami terminal toobtain the best estimate of your RSL.Above 0 dBm RSL, the receiver may produce errors: however this level is rarely likely to beexceeded. A link budget calculation should be made to calculate the anticipated RSL asdescribed in Section 3.3.3. During anomalous propagation conditions, the RSL may fade but will
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 3-20 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSnot increase up more than 10 dB (except in unusual very long paths which may fade up by 15dB).Antenna alignment should enable the RSL to be peaked to thelevel calculated in the link budget. If the RSL is peaked but isapproximately 20 dB below the calculated level, then it is likelythat the antennas are aligned on a sidelobe of the antenna'sradiated signal. In this case, the antennas should be rotated in awide arc until the main lobe is located. (Other possible causes oflow RSL are path obstructions, loss in connectors, adapters andpigtail jumper cables or different antenna polarization at each endof the link.)Tsunami 100BaseT Dual & Single Models0.000.100.200.300.400.500.600.700.800.901.00-80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50 -45 -40RSL (dB)VoltsFigure 3-6: Typical RSL Voltage versus Received Signal Level (RSL)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-213.11 Ethernet Interface ConnectionThe radio link’s 100BaseT interface connection to the Tsunami radio is on the front panel.Additional external lightning protection devices are recommendedfor the connections if the radio is installed in an area prone tolightning.The 100BaseT connection to the Tsunami is at the data interface on the front of the shelf. Eitherwire or fiber connections can be used.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 3-22 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.12 System Turn-up to Service1. Prior to installing the system, it may be desirable to perform a back-to-back test of theTsunami radio pair. Consult Section 4.9 for further details. Back-to-back testing is a simpleway to verify that the Tsunami radios are fully operational before they are installed.Installation adds several variables (such as antenna alignment) which can lead to systemturn-up delays. Also, during back-to-back testing, the DIP switch settings and someconnections can be tested. This step can eliminate a majority of troubleshooting once theradios are installed.A cellular phone or two-way radio system (walkie talkie, CB,mobile radio) can be very useful during installation. Thesecan be used for temporary near-end and far-endcommunications between the installation personnel at onesite and installation personnel at the other site whileinstalling the system. These can also be helpful forcommunication between a person at the top of a very talltower and ground personnel.The Tsunami radio incorporates an internal Orderwirefeature that provides end-to-end “telephone” stylecommunications. However, the link must be partiallyoperational to use this feature. In lieu of, or in addition to theuse of cellular phones or two-way radio, this Orderwirefeature can also be very useful for installation, but typicallycannot be put into service until step 8 or 9 of this procedureis completed. See Section 3.14.1 for more details.2. Perform a general alignment of the antennas on both ends of the path using binoculars,compass or other related tools. It is important to have the antennas aligned as accuratelyas possible before putting radio traffic over the link. This will help in getting the systemrunning more rapidly. See Section 3.10 for more details.3. Connect the transmission line to the antenna, and feed it to the Tsunami radio location(see Section 3.9). Connect the opposite end of the transmission line to the N-type femaleconnector located on the filter assembly which occupies the top half of the Tsunami rearpanel. The connection must be terminated into an antenna or a load before DC power isapplied to the radio.4. Verify that the same channel plan (e.g. A, B) as the near-end radio, and the opposite Txand Rx frequencies (e.g. A1 and A2 make up a matched pair of radios).5. With the DC power source active, but not plugged into the Tsunami radio, using avoltmeter, confirm that the DC mating connector has the proper power connections inaccordance with Section 3.7. Verify the polarity and the absolute voltage on all pins.Verify ground connection for power.6. Connect power to the Tsunami radio. Verify that the Front Panel “ON” LED indication isilluminated. This confirms that power has been properly applied.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-23Ensure that the RF Antenna port connection is properlyterminated before applying power to the Tsunami terminal, asin step 3.When the Tsunami radio is initially powered-on, some alarmconditions may be present. This is normal and alarms can beignored at this time.7. Place a voltmeter across the GND and PWR front panel test points. See Figure 3-7 forvoltage setting information and Table 3-C for typical output power levels for given cablelengths where EIRP limits apply. If necessary, use a small screwdriver at the front panelreceptacle to adjust the output power of the local transmitter in accordance with the pathanalysis calculations. The recessed potentiometer is rotated clockwise to increasetransmit output power and counter clockwise to decrease transmit output power. Afterverifying correct setting of the transmit output power, disconnect the voltmeter. Place thecover cap found in the installation accessory kit over the front panel receptacle.The Tsunami radio requires professional installation. With someTsunami models, in certain countries, there may be EffectiveIsotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) limits which dictate themaximum output power that the Tsunami radio can transmitgiven the transmission line loss and the gain of the antenna.Consult with appropriate government agencies or WesternMultiplex if there is any question regarding maximum outputpower allowed. Do not adjust output power above factorysettings.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 3-24 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSTsunami 100BaseT Dual & Single Models00.511.522.533.544.550510152025Tx Power (dB)Volts 5.8 GHz Tx 5.3 GHz Tx 5.3 GHz Tx 5.3 GHz TxFigure 3-7: Typical RF Output Power versus PWR VoltageUse the Tsunami Factory Test Data sheet that came withyour radio(s) to determine more precisely the voltagecorresponding to the RF output power.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-25For precision measurement of transmit output power, it is bestto connect an RF power meter to the antenna port. The PWRport voltage may not provide enough precision. This isespecially important where EIRP limits apply to the installation.In cases of no EIRP limits, the radio transmitter output powershould be left at the factory setting, except for very short pathsusing very high gain antennas, where excessive power may notbe advised.Don’t forget that the RF output port should be terminated at alltimes when power is applied to the Tsunami radio. Therefore,disconnect power to the radio before connecting a power meterand reapply power once connected. Often, an RF power metermay have a limit to the input power that it can measure withoutdamage. It is advised to place a calibrated fixed value RFattenuator (typically 20 dB or more) between the Tsunami radioand the power meter to assure proper operation and safety forthe RF power meter. The value of this fixed attenuation canthen be added to the value of the RF power meter reading toobtain the actual Tsunami radio transmitter output power.8. Connect a voltmeter across the GND and RSL front panel test points. This voltagereading corresponds to the Received Signal Level (RSL) of the near-end radio. In otherwords, RSL is the “amount” of signal the near-end radio is receiving from the far-endradio. Since the antennas have not been finely aligned, it is not expected at this time thatthe RSL will read very high. However, at this point it can be verified that somecommunication is taking place between the two Tsunami terminals. Use the RSL voltagereading to align the antennas. Align one antenna at a time in accordance with Section3.10. Complete alignment of both ends of the radio link before going further.The RSL voltage output on the radio's front panel will output avoltage over the usable range of the radio. Refer to Figure 3-6 inSection 3-20.The Tsunami radio has a unique feature of allowing measurement of the far-end RSLfrom the near-end radio. This is only possible if the Tsunami radios are communicating(the RSL is above threshold). The far-end RSL can be used to verify that adjustments tolocal antenna alignment are corresponding to the far-end radio reception. Far-end RSL ismeasured by pressing and holding the DISPLAY FAR END front panel button. While thisbutton is held, the RSL voltage indicates the RSL of the far-end radio. RSL of both endsshould be verified to be within approximately 2 dB of predicted value (see Section3.3.3). There are several factors that can contribute to low RSL:- Incorrect antenna alignment (aligned on a lobe and not on the main signal)- Improper polarization alignment of antennas (horizontal vs. vertical)- Transmission line problems (loose connections, bent or damaged cables, lossyadapters)- Path obstructions (trees, buildings, hills, etc.)- Path clearance (line-of-sight, earth curvature, Fresnel zone, diffraction and partialobstruction)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 3-26 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS- Weather (inversion layers, ducting and multipath)- Antenna feed (coaxial/connector) problemThe Tsunami radio requires professional installation. Don’tforget that the transmitter output power adjustment on theTsunami radio effects the RSL. Depending on EIRP limits (ifany), path distance, and antenna gain, you may need toadjust the output transmit power to the proper level beforeputting the radios in service.If radio synchronization has been established, the radio linkmay be able to provide some limited communications over thelink. It can be helpful to establish voice communications fromone end of the radio link to the other using the Orderwirefeature of the Tsunami radio. See Section 3.14.1 for details.If RSL is lower than anticipated, recheck the path clearance and transmission line as these arethe typical causes of low RSL. Radio operations can be verified by connecting radios back-to-back with attenuators (40-60 dB), (see Section 4.9). If the problem remains, consult Section 4 ofthis manual for troubleshooting techniques which will help determine the source of the problem.9. Once radio performance is verified and acceptable, the Tsunami radios can now be putinto service with the intended Fast Ethernet traffic. Connect to the LAN or computerusing the RJ45 (wire) or ST (fiber) 100BaseT connector. With Fast Ethernet trafficapplied in both directions, all front panel LEDs, except for POWER and the dataTXD/RXD lights should be off. If any other LEDs are on, consult the trouble shootingsections of this manual.10. Now that the link is operational, other services can be connected including T1 (DSX-1),Orderwire, Diagnostics, Alarms and Aux Data (Service Channel). Consult Section 3.14for details on these connections.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-27FCC EIRP limitations:The dual band model 27700-4X should not exceed a total of +30 dB E.I.R.P.The single band model 27710-4X should not exceed a total of +53 dB E.I.R.P.Table 3-C: Transmitter Output Power Adjustment(0 dBW (5.3 GHz) and +23 dBW (5.8 GHz) EIRP Installations)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 3-28 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.13 Output Power AdjustmentThe Tsunami radio requires professional installation. In certain cases, it is necessary to adjustthe output power lower (never higher) from the factory setting, for example:❖to meet EIRP (effective isotropic radiated power) limits.❖to avoid exceeding the maximum far-end RSL of -30 dBm.❖to coordinate a hub or repeater location.To ensure maximum protection of the radio circuits, alwaysensure the antenna connector is terminated when power isapplied. Never adjust output power above factory settings.For precise measurement of transmitter power, a calibrated RF power meter (such as the HP435B with Power Sensor HP8481) is recommended. This power sensor can be connecteddirectly to the output of the radio without exceeding the power rating. With some power meters, itmay be necessary to place a calibrated in-line fixed attenuator between the radio antenna portand the power meter so as to not exceed the power meter’s maximum input level. Thrulinepower meters do not operate at Tsunami RF frequencies.If adjusting the output power to meet an EIRP limit, it will be first necessary to calculate theoverall system gains and losses, including feeder losses for the type of transmission line installedand the antenna gain. Also refer to Table 3-C for transmitter output power settings whereinstalled with various transmission line lengths and antenna sizes. You may determine the radiotransmit power for EIRP limited installations by the following equation:Tx Power (dBm) = EIRP Limit(dBm) + Feeder Loss(dB) - Antenna Gain(dB)For the US and Canada, a +30 dBm EIRP limit applies for thedual band (5.3/5.8 GHz) Tsunami radios and a +53 dBm EIRPlimit applies for the single band (5.8 GHz) Tsunami radios.Output power may be adjusted using a small screwdriver and rotating the potentiometer which isrecessed behind the front panel. Clockwise rotation increases output power while counter-clockwise rotation decreases output power.In lieu of a calibrated RF power meter, the PWR test port voltage can be used to estimate theoutput power. Figure 3-7 illustrates the voltage reading for various output power levels. Thefactory test data sheet should be used to establish a more precise setting of this adjustment.After setting the correct output power, place the cover capfound in the installation accessory kit over the front panelreceptacle.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-293.14 Additional ConnectionsThere are additional customer connections which are optional and are not required to make theTsunami operational but may prove useful.3.14.1 Orderwire ConnectionOrderwire is a “telephone” type wayside service which allows users of the Tsunami radio toestablish voice communications from one radio to another, either directly to the companion far-end, or through a repeater configuration, or several repeater configurations.Telephone connection specifications:REN (Ringer Equivalency Number) 1.0 BDTMF tones within ±1.5% of nominal freq.Ringing Voltage 48 VDC, typical(Ringing voltage is adequate for modern solid state ringers,NOT for the older mechanical type ringers)This Orderwire service does not affect the normal radio transmission of traffic. Refer to Section2.3.5 for the telephone specifications. For simple near-end to far-end communications, follow thesteps below:1. Using a standard RJ-11 telephone cable, connect a standard electronic telephone (atouch tone phone, complete with dialer; a handset by itself will not work) to the Orderwireconnector on the Tsunami front panel. This connector is wired identically to a standardtwo-wire telephone jack, see Figure 3-18 for details.2. With a telephone connected to each Tsunami terminal on opposite ends of the link,either telephone can be used to “dial-up” the far-end location. The far-end terminal’sinternal ringer and the connected telephone will ring, and if answered, two-way full-duplex voice communication is established.If using the Orderwire or Network management functions, allTsunami radios connected must have unique address settings(telephone numbers).4. If the Tsunami radios are connected in a repeater configuration, Orderwire services can beestablished to all Tsunami terminals in the network by implementing a connection of theirrear-panel connectors between repeater terminals. At the repeater site, a cable can beconnected to the two Tsunami terminals between their rear panel VF 9-pin connectors asshown in Figure 3-8. With this cable in place, the Orderwire function will operate at terminalsat each end of the repeater and at the repeater site. This function can be continued throughseveral repeater sites if desired. For hub connections of 3 or more Tsunami radios at thesame site, an external 4-wire bridge is required to connect all radios to the orderwire.The orderwire system can be integrated with orderwireequipment supported by many other vendors. If your existingorderwire network uses 2 digit addressing, and 0 dBm VFinterface, it can be connected to a Tsunami as shown in Figure
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 3-30 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3-8.Dialing a ✶ (star key) on the orderwire telephone implements an “all call”feature which rings all connected radios. Also, if a phone anywhere inthe connected network has accidentally been left off-hook, the # (poundkey) key can be used to mute all off-hook handsets until they are placedon and off hook again.The orderwire operates like a “party line”. All telephones providecommunication to all other telephones in the connected network. Even ifa particular telephone does not ring, it can still be used to talk and listento any ongoing orderwire activity if the orderwire is in use at otherterminal locations.Orderwire ConnectionVF Port ConnectionFigure 3-8: Orderwire & VF Port Connection
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-313.14.2 Alarm ConnectionsExternal alarm outputs are provided at the 9-pin, D-type subminiature ALARM connector. Thereare two Form C summary alarm relays capable of switching 30 VDC at 1 A. See Table 3-E andFigure 3-9 for Alarm Connections.The “summary” alarm (Form C relay) is activated by any near-end front panel LED alarmcondition, including if the internal test mode is enabled.The “out-of-service summary” alarm (Form C relay) is activated by any of the following alarmconditions:❖RF LINK❖Radio Fail❖Internal TestFigure 3-9: Pin Connections, ALARM Interface
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 3-32 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSPIN 1 NO, SUMMARY ALARM, FORM C - normallyopen connection on summary alarm relay.Closed when in alarm.PIN 4 NO, OUT OF SERVICE SUMMARY ALARM,FORM C - normally open connection on out-of-service summary alarm relay. Closed when inalarm.PIN 6 C, SUMMARY ALARM, FORM C - commonconnection on the summary alarm relay. PIN 9 C, OUT OF SERVICE SUMMARY ALARM, FORMC - common connection for the out-of-servicesummary alarm relay.PIN 2 NC, SUMMARY ALARM, FORM C - normallyclosed connection on summary alarm relay. PIN 5 NC, OUT OF SERVICE SUMMARY ALARM,FORM C - normally closed connection on out-of-service summary alarm relay. Open when in alarm.PIN 7 RSL output DC voltage referenced to pin 3 PIN 8 Tx Power output DC voltage referenced to pin 3Table 3-D: Alarm Interface ConnectionsAll alarms are active for a minimum of one second, or as longas the alarm condition persists, which ever is longer.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-333.14.3 Configuration Port OperationThe “Config” Port is used to retrieve diagnostic about the Tsunami radios by means of acomputer connection via SLIP/PPP interface. Also can be used as an RS-232 port to downloadthe latest revision radio operation software.The config port allows connection of RS-232 devices to poll and receive status of the Tsunamiradio. The config port provides front panel alarm and control information and can also provideextended information including some advanced diagnostics and configuration information. Anyinformation that is available on the far-end terminal is also available at the near-end config port(such as far-end RSL, far-end alarms).Details of this interface are forthcoming in future editions ofthis manual. At this point in time, it is advised that the NMSport be used with an HTML browser to monitor and configureall radio parameters, when desired.For RS-232 diagnostics connection (Section 4.11) to the Tsunami radio, connect the serialdevice (modem, computer, terminal) to the male 9-pin subminiature connector in accordancewith Figure 3-10.Figure 3-10: RS-232 Config Port ConnectionsPins 6 through 9 must not be connected for RS-232communications to operate properly.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 3-34 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.14.4 AUX DATA (Digital Service Channel) ConnectionThe AUX DATA port is a separate wayside serial port which can be configured to allow theconnection of any user serial data (to 9600 baud) through the radio network. Connection to theAUX DATA port is an RS-232 serial interface, identical to the config port (see Section 3.14.3).This port does not affect the Ethernet traffic on the Tsunami radio.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-353.14.5 T1 (DSX-1) Interface ConnectionThe Tsunami radio also provides a wayside T1 connection. This connection allows for standardDSX-1 connect of voice circuits without affecting the Ethernet traffic. A standard RJ-48cconnector is provided for this connection.3.14.6 CEPT-1 (E1) InterfaceConnectionThe CEPT-1 interface connection provides a balanced (120 ohm) wayside E1 connection.If an unbalanced 75 ohm connection (RJ45) is required, anoptional balun will provide this interface. If you can not locatethese baluns (balanced/unbalanced) devices, please consult thefactory.Additional external lightning protection devices are recommendedfor all user connections if the radio is installed in an area prone tolightning.3.14.7 NMS Interface ConnectionThe NMS connection provides connection for the network management system. This allows anHTML interface to the Tsunami radio for purposes of monitoring, configuration and securitysettings. This connection is an RJ-45 style connection and complies to standard 10BaseTinterface. Typically, the installer or manager will connect to the NMS with a stand-alonecomputer to initially configure the radio prior to installation. If IP addresses and security are setproperly, the connection can also be used as an out-of-band connection for radio management.Alternatively, if the 10BaseT is connected to a network, or combined with the 100BaseT traffic onthe link, via an external 10/100 switch, hub or router, full wireless NMS can be achieved for allradios in the network.The factory default IP address is set to 10.0.0.1. To reset the radio back to the factory default,Hold down the far-end test button while powering up the radio. Release the switch after 6seconds.More details on the NMS connection can be found in Section4 of this manual. In the future, this connection will also allowNMS via SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) inaddition to the HTML interface that is presently supplied.Consult factory for details or assistance with NMSconnections, if required.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 3-36 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSYour Notes on the Tsunami Radio
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-14. Troubleshooting4.1 Regular MaintenanceThe Tsunami radios do not require any regular maintenance, however, it is prudent to monitorthe radio link at regular intervals to assure that the link conditions are not changing. Whenvisiting a radio site for maintenance, the following items may be checked and their resultsrecorded:❖RSL Voltage❖PWR Voltage❖Far-end RSL Voltage❖Alarm conditions❖Verify radio has adequate ventilation❖Verify security ID is set the same at each radio through NMSIf any alarm conditions exist, they should be recorded, and troubleshooting procedures from thisSection of the manual should be followed.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 4-2 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.2 Changing Frequency PlansThe Tsunami RF frequency selections are listed in Section 3.5. The near-end radio and the far-end radio must be corresponding (e.g. A1 / A2). The frequency of a given Tsunami terminal isset by the specific filter, the physical orientation of this assembly, and a setting within theCONFIG port (or NMS configuration instructions, Section 4.11). With respect to a given filter, thefrequencies are fixed, because tuned RF filters are required for normal operation. Changing ofthe (pre-tuned) radio frequencies may be required when installing spares or for special situations,such as interference mitigation. This is accomplished by installing an alternate filter.It is not necessary to remove the cover assembly of the Tsunami1. Remove any cables connected to the antenna connector on the diplexer (filter) and thenremove the two screws that mount the filter to the Tsunami chassis.2. Slowly remove the filter from the chassis being careful to not endanger the cables that areconnected to the rear side of the filter.3. Disconnect the two SMA connectors that are attached to the rear of the filter with a 5/16”open end wrench.4. Select the new filter such that the frequency channel label on the filter corresponds to thedesired frequency channel (or rotate filter if applicable – see note below).5. Connect the two SMA connectors to the new or reoriented filter with the 5/16” open endwrench.6. Slowly place the wired filter assembly so that it is flush with the rear panel.7. Install the two screws that mount the filter to the rear panel.8. Modify the operating frequency as described in the CONFIG menus (Section 4.11)Single-band versions of this radio can be interchanged fromA1 to A2 by changing (but not rotating) the installed filter.After filter is changed, the frequency settings within theconfiguration menu (NMS) must be changed to match theinstalled filter.Dual-band versions of this radio also can change channels,but the orientation of low-side or high-side transmit must beretained. That is, an A1 radio can only be changed into a B1radio with a new filter, but not into an A2 or a B2. Likewise,the A2 radio can only be changed into a B2 radio with a newfilter, but not into an A1 or B1. The diplexer filters can go onany radio and must be properly oriented. After filter ischanged, the frequency setting within the configuration menu(NMS) must be changed to match the installed filter.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-34.3 Using a Spare TerminalFor dual-band units, a spare of each band may be required. For single-band units, one spareTsunami terminal will service both channel orientations. See Section 4.2 for changingfrequencies of a spare radio.Customers with several radios, or radios in critical operations are encouraged to purchase one ormore spare radios of each model in their system. This will allow rapid restoration of radio servicein the unlikely event of a radio failure.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 4-4 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.4 Technical SupportWestern Multiplex provides 24-hour telephone technical support for installed Tsunami radios.Customers are encouraged to troubleshoot the radio and link in accordance with the latter part ofthis section in this manual before contacting Western Multiplex. Western Multiplex also has alimited supply of Tsunami radios that can be loaned to out-of-service customers for installationwhile units are being repaired. Loaner supply is limited, and is only used for critical applicationson a first-come, first-served basis.Customer service #: +1 408 542-5390
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-54.5 Repair PolicyThe Tsunami terminal includes comprehensive alarm indicators designed to diagnose potentialfaults. Should a fault occur, it often may be resolved by operator adjustment.Should a fault occur that cannot be resolved by operator adjustment and has been confirmed bylooping terminals together on the bench (See Section 4.9), then the equipment should bereturned to the factory for repair.The Tsunami radio is a complex system not designed for user repair. Do not remove the cover oropen any part of the Tsunami terminal. The complete Tsunami terminal should be sent back inits original packing material for factory repair.Please contact the factory in advance of returning the product. You will be assigned a ReturnMaterial Authorization (RMA) number that authorizes your return. Units sent to the factorywithout an RMA number may be delayed in the processing of the repair. Be sure to include thefollowing information:❖RMA number❖description of the problem❖your name and telephone number❖return shipping address❖urgency of repairPlease refer to the published Warranty policy for repair policydetails.Tsunami radios should be packaged in their original packingboxes for shipment whenever possible Western Multiplex canprovide an empty box shipment to facilitate proper packaging.Regardless, proper and adequate packaging must be used forshipments to protect the radio(s) from damage. WesternMultiplex can not be held responsible for any repairs due toinadequately packed materials. Damage caused by improperpacking will likely result in higher repair costs and delays (referto the Warranty section at the beginning of this manual).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 4-6 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.6 Front Panel Status LEDsThere are several front panel status LEDs on the Tsunami radio. These LEDs indicate conditionswhere either a hardware failure has occurred or the radio link is not optimum. In many cases, acombination of LEDs may be illuminated. The following sections describe the necessarytroubleshooting procedures should any LED(s) indicate a problem during or after installation.Radio Fail Green = Radio hardware O.K.Red = Hardware failure detectedRF LinkGreen = Error-free operationYellow = Bit errors occurringRed = Excessive bit errors or radio link failureFlashing = Link ID mismatchedTXD Green = 100BaseT data transmit presentYellow = 100BaseT port connected (no data present)Off = No 100BaseT connection detectedRXD Green = 100BaseT data receive presentYellow = 100BaseT port connected (no data present)Off = No 100BaseT connection detectedCOLL Yellow = Collisions occurring on 100BaseT (half-duplex mode)FAR END Red = Alarm(s) present on the far-end radio**NMS (10BaseT) Green = Tx or Rx data present on the NMS interfaceYellow = NMS interface connected (no data present)Off = No NMS interface connection detectedT1 INPUTGreen = Alarm enabled and T1 connection detectedRed = Alarm enabled and no T1 connection detectedYellow = Alarm disabled and T1 connection detectedOff = Alarm disabled and no T1 connection detected** Radio Fail, RF Link (yellow or red), T1 Input (yellow or red)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-74.6.1 RF LINK AlarmFunction:This LED indicates that the demodulator function is not synchronizing with the intended receivedsignal.Possible Causes:❖Severe path fading due to atmospheric conditions, usually accompanied by low RSLvoltage reading❖Poor transmission line connections usually accompanied by low RSL voltage reading❖Antenna problems, misalignment, or path clearance usually accompanied by low RSLvoltage reading❖Improper radio settings (e.g. frequency channel)❖Received signal level (RSL) is too strong❖Interference❖Far-End radio transmitter circuitry is faulty❖Near-End radio receiver circuitry is faulty❖Link security ID not the same for each radioRecommended Actions:Check the following at each end of the link:❖Verify that rear panel filters are opposite channel plans on each end (e.g. one is A1and other is A2).❖Verify that radio frequency settings match each installed filter (in NMS menus).❖Verify that all connections between radios and antennas are secure and all devicesbetween radios and antennas are rated for the radio frequency band (5.3/5.8 GHz).Measure RSL by placing a voltmeter across RSL and GND test points. Compare this voltage tothe Factory Test Data Sheet and estimate the RSL in dBm. Compare this to the RSL that wasexpected using path calculations (see Section 3.3.3). Press and hold the DISPLAY FAR ENDbutton and measure the far-end RSL (while continuing to hold the button). Compare this RSL tothe Factory Test Data Sheet for the far-end radio and estimate the RSL in dBm. Again, comparethis RSL to the expected RSL from the link budget calculations.If RSL from both ends of the radio are approximately the same as each other, but lower thananticipated for this installation, then the likely cause of the BER alarm(s) is excessive lossesbetween the radios. Excessive loss problems could include the transmission line at either end, alladapters, connectors, the antennas, the antenna alignment as well as the path itself (anyobstructions or clearance problems). Antenna alignment, line-of-sight and path clearance shouldbe verified; if this does not improve RSL, all devices between the radios and their antennas atboth ends should be checked. Make sure all transmission line, connectors and any other devices
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 4-8 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGare properly rated for operation at the radio's frequency (5.3/5.8 GHz).If only one end has low RSL, this could be caused by low transmit output power from theopposite end radio. Verify that the transmitter output power of the radio opposite to the low RSLreceiver has been set in accordance to path calculations, or EIRP restrictions (where applicable).Power adjustment must be performed by professional installation personnel only. The PWR testpoint can be used and compared with the Factory Test Data Sheet, the front panel recessedpotentiometer can be turned clockwise to increase power. If an RF power meter is available, thiscan be connected to the RF output of the radio for precision measurement. This test will alsoverify that the radio transmitter is working properly.If one terminal (or both) has high RSL, this could be caused by a very short path or interference.To verify the possible presence of interference, remove DC power to the radio which is oppositeto the one that is reading high RSL. Once power is removed, measure RSL on the remainingradio. If RSL voltage is lower than that which is listed for "Threshold" in the Factory Test DataSheet, then an interfering signal is present. If interference is suspected, the easiest potentialremedy is to swap frequency channels on both sides of the link. See Section 4.2 for details.Swap terminals at both ends of the link so that they are the opposite from their originalinstallation. After both ends are moved, reconnect the radios and determine if the BER alarm isstill active. If the BER alarm is still active, other frequency channels can be installed, or otherinterference countermeasures can be tried, in accordance with Section 4.8.If all path related and data input problems have been pursued and the BER alarm is still active,the problem could be related to a radio failure. While radio failure is typically indicated by moresevere alarm conditions, it is possible that one of the radios may be out of specification, and thiscould be the cause of the BER alarm. A back-to-back test will verify proper radio operation. SeeSection 4.9 for details. A threshold test on both radios along with a test to verify proper RF outputpower would be beneficial.Perform a back-to-back test before returning any radio terminal tothe factory for repair. A back-to-back test verifies radio operation.(See Section 4.9).If the radios successfully pass their back-to-back testing, the problem is likely with the path or theconnections between the radio and the antenna or interference. Before reinstalling the radios, besure to set the output power to the appropriate level for the installation.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-94.6.2 RADIO FAIL AlarmFunction:The RADIO FAIL alarm indicates a known problem with the radio hardware.Possible Causes:❖Internal synthesizers are unlocked❖Internal digital circuits have failedRecommended Actions:1. Remove power from the unit.2. Check to make sure power supply voltages are within specification.3. Even if the voltages were within specification, reapply power to the unit.4. If RADIO FAIL alarm clears, place the radio back into service.5. If RADIO FAIL alarm does not clear, perform a back-to-back test to verify radio operation, asdescribed in Section 4.9.6. If RADIO FAIL alarm is still active in a back-to-back test, return the radio to the factory forrepair (see Section 4.5).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 4-10 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.6.3 FAR END AlarmFunction:This LED indicates that there is an alarm condition present on the far-end radio. When theDISPLAY FAR END button is pressed (and held), the status LEDs indicate the alarm conditionsof the far-end radio.Possible Cause:❖One or more alarm condition(s) exist on the far-end radioRecommended Actions:1. Press and hold the DISPLAY FAR END button and observe the LED status.2. Follow instructions for troubleshooting the far-end radio in accordance to the appropriateLEDs which are in alarm, as described in Section 4.6.1 through 4.6.4.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-114.7 Errors in the Data StreamWhen the radio is in service, errors in the data stream may occur. This is usually known to theoperator by either faulty data indications of downstream equipment or external bit error ratetesting.It is possible that no alarms appear on the front panel during normal operations, but there areerrors present in the data stream. Some errors will not result in no alarm (such as bipolarviolations, slow "dribbling" errors, improperly terminated connections or incorrect settings), butwill be exhibited on downstream data processing equipment or during a BER test. In other cases,there may be data errors due to atmospheric conditions (fading), interference or other reasons,but not at a high enough error level to be indicated with the BER alarm LED. In the case of thesetypes of errors, the following information can be helpful to troubleshoot the radio link.Indications:❖During external BER test, test equipment indicates errors❖Downstream equipment (mux, channel bank, CODEC, router, etc.) indicates errorsPossible Causes:❖Path fading due to atmospheric conditions❖Poor transmission line connections❖Antenna problems, misalignment or path clearance❖Received signal level (RSL) is too strong❖Far-End radio transmitter circuitry is faulty❖Near-End radio receiver circuitry is faulty❖InterferenceRecommended Actions:1. Verify 100BaseT wiring.2. Follow the instructions described in Section 4.6.1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 4-12 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.8 Interference CountermeasuresThe recommended interference countermeasures available to the Tsunami operator are asfollows:1. Short PathsThe single most effective countermeasure against interference is to maintain "short path" length.This may be achieved by dividing long paths into multiple small paths by cascading hops.Intermediate repeaters may be formed using back-to-back Tsunami terminals and transmitoutput power reduced, if required.By definition, "short path" is defined as a path where fades are extremely rare and signal levelsvary by no more than ±3 dB during fades. This distance will vary with the RF frequency.Typically a "short path" is defined as any path length shorter than 5 miles at 5.3/5.8 GHz.2. Narrow Beam Antennas (high gain)This is the next most effective countermeasure. Narrow beam antennas ensure that thetransmitted power is sent in a single direction and this minimizes the possibility of causinginterference inadvertently to other users. Narrow beam antennas also reject off-azimuth signalsbeing received from potential sources of interference and have high gain which boosts desiredreceive levels and improves the carrier to interference ratio. When selecting narrow beamantennas, it is helpful to know that larger antennas generally outperform smaller antennas.Another important antenna specification is the front-to-back ratio which ensures rejection ofunwanted signals from azimuth angles behind the antenna.3. Frequency SelectionThis is another very effective countermeasure. The Tsunami radio offers several distinct non-overlapping frequency channel plans (see Sections 3.5 and 4.2) and the radio’s RF filter is ableto reject interference more than 10 MHz away from the receive frequency. Offset frequenciescombined with other countermeasures may enable several receive channels to operate at asingle hub site. Because of the limited spreading ratio used, frequency selection is more efficientthan code selection for interference rejection when operating multiple Tsunami terminals at asingle site. Interference can often be overcome by exchanging frequencies of both-ends of theradio link (e.g. change your A1 terminal to an A2 and change the other end from an A2 to an A1).Also, changing channel plans (e.g. from A to B) can be very effective. (See Section 4.2).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-134. Antenna PolarizationCross-polarized antennas can provide approximately 20 to 30 dB discrimination of unwantedsignals. The actual discrimination will depend upon the antenna design and any rotation ofpolarization along the path, for example, due to reflections. Discrimination only exists betweentwo orthogonal polarizations:- vertical vs. horizontal or- left-hand circular vs. right-hand circularThere is only 3 dB discrimination between circular and linear (vertical or horizontal) polarization.Interference can sometimes be overcome by changing antenna polarization at both ends of thelink.5. Transmit PowerThe maximum level into the receiver is -30 dBm. Above this level, errors may occur in thereceive data stream. Transmit output power should be reduced on very short paths to avoidoverload.6. Equipment/Antenna LocationOccasionally, interference is caused by the radio or the antenna being too close to anothersimilar transmitter. Moving the radio, the antennas, or the interfering equipment can reduce oreliminate interference.Interference countermeasures rely to some extent on themeasurement of the received interference level and frequency.Prior to turning up a new hop, a spectrum analyzer can be usedto monitor the spectrum at each end to check for possibleinterfering signals. See Section 4.8.1 for more details.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 4-14 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.8.1 Use of a Spectrum Analyzer to Evaluate Potential InterferenceConnecting to the antenna and using "peak hold" on a spectrum analyzer, the spectrum acrossthe receive frequency range of the radio can be swept and any signals being received at levelsabove the radio’s specified threshold identified. If potential interfering signals are found, then theTsunami frequency plan can be changed to avoid a receive channel which may containsignificant interference (see Section 4.2).For example, interference may be reduced by moving from the A1/A2 plan to the B1/B2 plan orby swapping terminals or RF filters so that A1 becomes A2.Signals outside the receiver frequency range may be ignored:they will not cause interference.If a spectrum analyzer is not available, the RSL voltage can be used to indicate the backgroundnoise and interference level within the receiver RF filter band when the far-end transmitter isturned off. With the far-end radio turned off, if an RSL voltage level below the radio’s thresholdlevel is measured, there is potentially interference in this frequency channel.When using a spectrum analyzer for determining the presenceof interference, very narrow resolution bandwidth settings mustbe used to detect signals down to the radio’s threshold(approximately -80 dBm, depending on radio type).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-154.9 Back-to-Back TestingBack-to-back testing, as shown in Figure 4-1, is an ideal method of testing the Tsunami radios.This testing eliminates link problems caused by auxiliary equipment, installation, or the radiopath and isolates potential radio hardware problems. Back-to-back testing must be performedwith both radios at the same location. The following test equipment is required:❖DC power source capable of supplying approximately 90 Watts (total) to the radios (ortwo AC adapters)❖One low-loss coaxial cable, N-to-N male❖One (or more) coaxial in-line calibrated fixed attenuators, 40 to 80 dB total attenuationThe following test equipment may also be useful to perform further testing of the Tsunami radio:❖BER tester❖Variable (60 dB range or more) RF attenuator (rated for the proper frequency, 2.4 or5.8 GHz)❖RF power meterBack-to-back testing must be performed to verify a radioproblem before returning any radio to the factory for repair.When the equipment is connected as shown in Figure 4-1, both Tsunami radios should have noalarm conditions. If these conditions have been met, then it is likely that the Tsunami radio isoperating in accordance to specifications. If errors or alarms occur during this test, verify that allDIP switch settings are properly set. If alarms or errors are still present, the radio is likely to befaulty.If further troubleshooting is required, a variable RF attenuator can be inserted between the radiosto fade down the path to determine that the threshold specification is being met. The thresholdtests can be run in both directions to isolate the radio problem (if any). More information testingis provided in Section 4.10. An RF power meter can be used to individually test each radio’soutput power.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 4-16 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGFigure 4-1: Back-to-Back Test ConfigurationThe Tsunami radios will be damaged if appropriate attenuationis not supplied between radios. You must provide a minimum of40 dB and no more than 80 dB attenuation between the tworadios.Tsunami
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-174.10 LINK TestingLink testing is the preferred way to evaluate a radio link’s performance. It can be performed fromend-to-end or in link test mode (which tests both directions of the radio path). Figure 4-2illustrates a typical test configuration (which may include the radio’s path instead of in-lineattenuators). Figure 4-2 illustrates a typical test configuration for end-to-end testing.When performing testing, make sure of the following:- Disconnect all 100BaseT inputs and outputs to both radios.- Verify all configuration settings.Link testing may be performed on the bench, with two terminals back to back, or over the radiopath. Also, it may be performed from end-to-end (which requires two 100BaseT test sets over alink, the far-end unit slaved to the near-end unit’s clock) or in loopback mode, as described inSection 4.9.If link testing indicates an unacceptable level of errors, follow the instructions in Section 4.6.1. orperform a back-to-back test as described in Section 4.9.Figure 4-2: End-to-End Test ConfigurationTsunami Tsunami100baseTTester100baseTTester
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 4-18 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.11 Network Management System (NMS)The Tsunami 100BaseT radio platform provides multiple methods of managing the radionetwork:1) SNMP2) Browser (IE, Netscape, etc.) graphical user interface3) Software upgrade procedure4) TelNet4.11.1 SNMPUse your favorite SNMP access software such as HP OpenView.4.11.2 Browser GUIUse Internet Explorer™ or Netscape™ to access the radio by typing in its IP address. If you aresetting up the radios for the first time, the default IP address is: 10.0.0.1 You will have toconfigure your computer to this domain first by setting its address to 10.0.0.2 and then changingthe radio’s IP to one within the domain of your network. After changing one radio’s IP address(see Configuration tab) change the other radio’s IP address also, but not to the same address ofthe previous radio. Reconfigure the IP address of your computer to it’s original address and thenrestart the PC so it is now in the same domain as the radios.The browser interface shows a “virtual” front panel of the radio that is addressed. To view thefront panel of the associated far-end radio, click on the window that is located on the virtual frontpanel (see following illustrations). Illustrations on the next few pages of this manual providedetails on all browser screens and operations.4.11.3 In-band NMS Set-upUse a 3-4/port 10/100 switch (hub+) at each radio to operate the NMS in-band with the100BaseT traffic. The NMS port can have a unique domain that is valid only with the PC that isbeing used for network management and system-wide operational status and will not interferewith 100BaseT traffic as the radio's MAC address plus its IP address are unique.Radios come from the factory temporarily set for IP addr: 10.0.0.1. Temporally set your PCsdomain (write down its present IP address) to a suggested setting of PC=10.0.0.5-the PC willforce a re-boot. Boot the PC computer attached to the first radio's 10BaseT NMS port and log-into radio NMS w/favorite browser (IE or Netscape) after log-in (manager:manager). Change the IPaddress (Configuration) to an unused one in your domain (if you want to also change thepassword at this time, do this first). Do the same with other radio (may have to reboot computerattached to this other 10.0.0.1 radio as the other's MAC address does not match the MAC/IPaddress the PC knows about). Address this radio to a different IP address in your normaloperating domain. Set your PC back to its original domain (will force reboot again). This shouldallow for typical LAN operation.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-19Login Screen 1Enter User Name and Password. If using forthe first time or the radio has been reset, use:Full User Rights:User Name: managerPassword: managerLimited User Rights:User Name: operatorPassword: operatorIt’s advisable to change the password settingon the administration (Admin) page to protectradio settings, configuration and illegal entryinto the radio system.Login Screen 2With default Name and PasswordClick on “Log On” to gain entry
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 4-20 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGDevice ScreenTsunami model informationConfiguration 1The radio’s characteristics can be modifiedfrom this page. The ‘Current’ column indicatescurrent settings and the ‘New’ column theradio setting(s) that can be changed. Use thepull-down menus to select the new setting.Then, click on the Set button to invoke thesetting.In some cases it may be necessary to “refresh”the screen to see changes to settings.Warning: the Tx/Rx Frequency can not bechanged without also changing the physicaldiplexer.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-21Help ScreenAt any time, on any page, clicking on Help willopen a separate help window to facilitateoperation of the Browser NMS.Use the help page to provide details on theconfiguration settings.Use the window close box to dispense with thehelp screen when finished.Configuration 3Scroll down to see the complete list of radioconfiguration settings.Here is where the radio’s IP setting can bemodified from the default 10.0.0.1Note: To return to defaults, power up the radiowhile depressing the link test button.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 4-22 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGPerformance 1Running data on the operation of the radio link.To reset the historical data, click on HistoryReset.Note alarm bar between front panel depictionand performance data.Performance 2New screen after resetting history.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-23AlarmsBoth near-end and Far-end information on therunning status of the link are displayed on thissingle page.AdministrationChange the default password (manager oroperator) for subsequent entry into the browserNMS.Click on set after changing the password.If you forget the password, you must fully resetthe radio by holding in the far-end button onthe front of the radio while powering it up.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 4-24 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGContact InformationThe E-mail and the URL links are active text ifselected. Each will start your e-mail or browserwhen either is clicked on.Link failure indication!If the link is lost, the severely errored secondswill display the amount of time the link was notpassing sufficient data.In this example, the link had almost sevenseconds of corrupt data since the last time thehistory had been reset (1271468 seconds or353 hours or almost 15 days).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-254.11.2.1 NMS Help screen details:LEDsRadio Fail Green = Radio hardware O.K.Red = Hardware failure detectedRF Link Green = Error-free operationYellow = Bit errors occurringRed = Excessive bit errors or radio link failureTXD Green = 100BaseT data transmit presentYellow = 100BaseT port connected (no data present)Off = No 100BaseT connection detectedRXD Green = 100BaseT data receive presentYellow = 100BaseT port connected (no data present)Off = No 100BaseT connection detectedCOLL Yellow = Collisions occurring on 100BaseT (half-duplex mode)FAR END Red = Alarm(s) present on the far-end radio**NMS (10BaseT) Green = Tx or Rx data present on the NMS interfaceYellow = NMS interface connected (no data present)Off = No NMS interface connection detectedT1 INPUTGreen = Alarm enabled and T1 connection detectedRed = Alarm enabled and no T1 connection detectedYellow = Alarm disabled and T1 connection detectedOff = Alarm disabled and no T1 connection detected** Radio Fail, RF Link (yellow or red), T1 Input (yellow or red)ConfigurationT1 Line Code AMI/B8ZS setting for the T1 interfaceT1 Line Build Out T1 interface line length settingT1 AIS @BER=10e-3 If selected, automatic injection of 1's into the T1data stream during RF Link red alarm stateT1 Input Alarm If selected, activates alarm on loss of T1 signal
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 4-26 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGT1 Near-end Radio Loopback Activates loopback at the T1 input port of the near-end,towards the far-end of the linkT1 Far-end Radio Loopback Activates loopback at the T1 input port of the far-end,towards the near-end of the linkOrderwire Address Orderwire telephone address (any 2 digit number 00-99)Link Security Code Security code set by user (any 6 bytes)Note: Must match code on far-end radio to establish linkTx/Rx Frequency Selects Tx and Rx frequencies – setting must matchinstalled diplexer filter assembly – see manual for detailsEthernet Duplex Selects half or full duplex for the 100BaseT interfaceLearning Filter Enables the ability to acquire and store IP addressesfor efficient bridging operation (normally enabled)Fiber Optic Interface Enables the fiber 100BaseT interfaceDevice IP Address Configure the IP address for the networkmanagement Ethernet interfaceDevice Subnet Mask Configure the subnet mask for the networkmanagement Ethernet interfaceSNMP Get Community Configure the ‘Get’ community string for the radio'sSNMP network management agentSNMP Set Community Configure the ‘Set’ community string for the radio'sSNMP network management agentPerformanceCurrent BER Current estimated RF link bit error rateCurrent RSL (dBm) Current estimated received signal level, in dBmErrored Seconds Number of seconds that incurred an error since the last resetof the "clear history" functionSeverely Errored Seconds Number of seconds that incurred errors in excess ofBER=10e-6 since the last reset of the "clear history" function
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-27Min RSL (dBm) Minimum estimated received signal level (in dBm) measuredsince the last reset of the "clear history" functionMax RSL (dBm) Maximum estimated received signal level (in dBm) measuredsince the last reset of the "clear history" functionElapsed Seconds Since Reset Number of seconds since the last reset of the "clear history"functionAlarmsIF GREEN IF REDT1 Input T1 Input is present orT1 input alarm is disabled T1 Input is NOT present andT1 input alarm is enabledT1 CodeViolation No T1 code violation error detected T1 code violation error detectedT1 Line Driver Line driver is adequate Line driver is in fault conditionT1 AIS NOT injecting all 1s Injecting all 1s in data streamRadio Sync Radio link is synchronized Radio link NOT establishedBit Error Error-free operation Bit Error Rate worse than 10e-7Fan 1 Fan 1 is operating correctly Fan 1 is NOT operating correctlyFan 2 Fan 2 is operating correctly Fan 2 is NOT operating correctlyRx Synth Receive synthesizer is locked Receive synthesizer NOT lockedTx Synth Transmit synthesizer is locked Transmit synthesizer NOT locked
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 4-28 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.11.4 Software Update Download ProcedureSoftware download procedure on Tsunami 100 (second release V 2.0):1) Connect the host PC tot the radio terminal through the NMS 10BaseT port.2) Point the browser to the radio's Web page "http//xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/upload.htm".(For factory default use 10.0.0.1 for the http: address)3) Login as "manager" for name and password on the GUI prompt.4) Follow the instructions on the screen. a) Enter the file name you want to upload, e.g. (a:ts_nmu.udl software bianary imagefile), or select the browse button and point to the proper location. b) While the file name is displayed on the screen, select the install button. c) It will display a status child window indicating it is erasing and writing to the unusedBank.. (Note the Bank # for ref.) d) After it is complete, you will see this message "File upload finished and system willreboot! Restart browser to logon again" e) Now, you can re-enter the upload GUI and insure the new uploaded Bank is validand is the current Bank in use.Memory Banks:The radio has two banks of flash memory available, Bank 0 and Bank 1, only one bank will be inuse at a time. The radio will automatically utilize the new uploaded bank.In addition, through the procedure, you can also manually select Bank 0 or Bank 1 by selectingthe (switch) button. Switching between Banks is quick and you will need to re-start the browser.Also, to determine if a flash memory Bank has any software, you can read the Bank status. E.g.Valid or invalid, invalid indicating that it is an empty memory Bank.4.11.4 TelnetUse a standard TELNET session. Program will emulate a VT100 monitor.Contact the factory for FTP instructions.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-29Your Notes on the Tsunami Radio
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-15. AppendicesAppendix A - Digital Interface Specifications1. General Characteristics100baseT (IEEE 802.3u) Fully compliant to Ethernet V.22. SpecificationsTransmission Medium UTPSignaling Technique ManchesterTopology StarLAN Table 1,000 addresses (automatic learning and aging)Filtering 15,000 ppsData Rate Up to 10 Mbps (limited to throughput of particular radio model)Delay 2-5 framesBuffer 256 framesDuplex Full or halfTable A-1: Interconnection Specification
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 5-2 SECTION 5: APPENDICESAppendix B – 100BaseT and 10BaseT ConnectionsFigure B-1: Fast Ethernet & Ethernet NMS Connectors
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-3Appendix C – Networking Q&AsQ: What is Ethernet?A: Ethernet is a type of network cabling and signaling specifications (OSI Model layers 1[physical] and 2 [data link]) originally developed by Xerox in the late 1970. The IEEE's(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) used Ethernet Version 2 as the basis forthe 802.3 CSMA/CD network standard.Q: What is an 802.3 network?A: That's IEEE-ish for Ethernet.Q: What is CSMA/CD?A: CSMA/CD is the media access control mechanism used by Ethernet and 802.3 networks;in other words, it determines how a packet of data is placed on the wire. CSMA/CDstands for "Carrier Sense Multiple Access, with Collision Detection". Before an Ethernetdevice puts a packet "on the wire", it listens to find if another device is alreadytransmitting. Once the device finds the wire is clear, it starts sending the packet whilealso listening to hear if another device started sending at the same time (which is calleda collision). Refer to the Q&A on collisions for more info about this phenomena.Q: What is an OSI Model?A: The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) reference model is the ISO (InternationalStandards Organization) structure for the "ideal" network architecture. This Modeloutlines seven areas, or layers, for the network. These layers are (from highest tolowest): LAYER7) Applications: Where the user applications software lies. Such issues as file accessand transfer (FTP), virtual terminal emulation, Internet connections (HTTP), inter-process communication and the like are handled here.6) Presentation: Differences in data representation are dealt with at this level. Forexample, UNIX-style line endings (CR only) might be converted to MS-DOS style(CRLF), or EBCIDIC to ASCII character sets.5) Session: Communications between applications across a net- work is controlled atthe session layer. Testing for out-of-sequence packets and handling two-waycommunication are handled here.4) Transport: Makes sure the lower three layers are doing their job correctly, andprovides a transparent, logical data stream between the end user and the networkservice s/he is using. This is the lower layer that provides local user services.3) Network: This layer makes certain that a packet sent from one device to anotheractually gets there in a reasonable period of time. Routing and flow control areperformed here. This is the lowest layer of the OSI model that can remain ignorant
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 5-4 SECTION 5: APPENDICESof the physical network.2) Data Link: This layer deals with getting data packets on and off the physical layer,error detection and correction and retransmission. This layer is generally broken intotwo sub-layers: The LLC (Logical Link Control) on the upper half, which does theerror checking, and the MAC (Medium Access Control) on the lower half, whichdeals with getting the data on and off the physical layer (wire, fiber and TsunamiWireless Bridges).1) Physical: The nuts and bolts layer. Here is where the cable, fiber, radio, connectorand signaling specifications are defined.Q: What does an Ethernet packet look like? A. See the information below, as described in the National Databook. The Ethernet packetpreamble is normally generated by the chipset. Software is responsible for thedestination address, source address, type, and data. The chips normally will append theframe check sequence. +------------+| | Preamble –| 62 bits | A series of alternating 1's and 0's used by the| | Ethernet receiver to acquire bit synchronization.| |+------------+| | Start Of Frame Delimiter –| 2 bits | Two consecutive 1 bits used to acquire byte| | alignment.+------------++------------+| | Destination Ethernet Address –| 6 bytes | Address of the intended receiver.| | The broadcast address is all 1's.+------------+| | Source Ethernet Address –| 6 bytes | The unique Ethernet address of the sending| | station.+------------+| | Length or Type field –| 2 bytes | For IEEE 802.3 this is the number of bytes of| | data.+------------+| 46 bytes | Data –| to | Short packets must be padded to 46 bytes.| 1500 bytes |+------------++------------+| | Frame Check Sequence(CRC) -| 4 bytes | The FCS is a 32 bit CRC calculated using| | the AUTODIN II polynomial.+------------+ The shortest packet is: 6 + 6 + 2 + 46 = 60 bytes The longest packet is: 6 + 6 + 2 +1500 = 1514 bytesQ: What is a MAC address?
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-5A: It is the unique hexadecimal (numbering base 16) serial number assigned to eachEthernet network device to identify it on the network.. With Ethernet devices (as withmost other network types), this address is permanently set at the time of manufacturer,though it can usually be changed through software (though this is generally a Very BadThing to do).Q: Why must the MAC address to be unique?A: Each communicating end device (not bridges) has a unique MAC address, so that it willbe able to exclusively grab packets off the network meant for it. If MAC addresses arenot unique, there is no way to distinguish between two devices. Devices on the networkwatch network traffic and look for their own MAC address in each packet to determinewhether they should decode it or not. Special circumstances exist for broadcasting toevery device.Q: Is there a special numbering scheme for MAC addresses?A: The MAC addresses are exactly 6 bytes in length, and are usually written in hexadecimalas 12:34:56:78:90:AB (the colons may be omitted, but generally make the address morereadable). Each manufacturer of Ethernet devices applies for a certain range of MACaddresses they can use. The first three bytes of the address determine the manufacturer.RFC-1700 (available via FTP) lists some of the manufacturer-assigned MAC addresses.A more up-to-date listing of vendor MAC address assignments is available onftp.lcs.mit.edu in pub/map/Ethernet-codes.Q: What does CRC mean?A: Cyclical Redundancy Check - A method of detecting errors in a message by performinga mathematical calculation on the bits in the message and then sending the results ofthe calculation along with the message. The receiving work-station performs the samecalculation on the message data as it receives it and then checks the results againstthose transmitted at the end of the message. If the results don't match, the receiving endasks the sending end to send again.Q: What do 10Base5, 10BaseT, 10Base2, etc mean?A: These are the IEEE names for the different physical types of Ethernet. The "10" standsfor maximum signaling speed: 10MHz. "Base" means Baseband. 10BaseT, where the Tmeans twisted pair, and 10BaseF where the F means fiber (see the following Q&A forspecifics). This actually comes from the IEEE committee number for that media.In actual practice: 10Base2 Is a maximum of 10MHz Ethernet running over thin, 50 Ohm baseband coaxialcable. 10Base2 is also commonly referred to as thin-Ethernet or Cheapernet. 10Base5 is10MHz Ethernet running over standard (thick) 50 Ohm baseband coaxial cabling.10BaseF is Ethernet running over fiber-optic cabling. 10BaseT is Ethernet running overunshielded, twisted-pair cabling.Q: What is UTP?
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 5-6 SECTION 5: APPENDICESA: Twisted pair cables. UTP is for Unshielded, Twisted Pair, while STP is for Shielded,Twisted Pair. UTP is what's typically installed by phone companies (though this is oftennot of high enough quality for high- speed network use) and is what 10BaseT Ethernetruns over. UTP is graded according to its data carrying ability (e.g., Level 3, Level 4,Level 5). 10BaseT Ethernet requires at least Level 3 cable. Many sites now install onlyLevel-5 UTP (CATegory 5), even though level 4 is more than sufficient for 10BaseT,because of the greater likelihood that emerging high-speed standards will require cablewith better bandwidth capabilities.Q: Are there any restrictions on how Ethernet is cabled?A: Yes, there are many, and they vary according to the media used. First of all, there aredistance limitations: 10BaseT generally accepted to have a maximum run of 100-150M,but is really based on signal loss in dB's (11.5db maximum loss source to destination).Then there are limitations on the number of repeaters and cable segments allowedbetween any two stations on the network.The rule is, any possible path between two network devices on an unbridged/unroutednetwork cannot pass through more than 4 repeaters or hubs, nor more than 3 populatedcable segments. 10BaseT and 10BaseF are star-wired, so there is no minimum distancerequirement between devices, since devices cannot be connected serially. You caninstall up to the Ethernet maximum of 1024 stations per network with both 10BaseT and10BaseF. Q: When should I choose 10BaseT, 10BaseF (or others)?A: The specific environment and application must be considered when selecting your mediatype. However, there are some general rules-of-thumb that you can consider:Avoid using copper between buildings. The electrical disturbances caused by lightning,as well as naturally occurring differences in ground potential over distance, can veryquickly and easily cause considerable damage to equipment and people. The use offiber-optic cabling between buildings eliminates network cabling as a safety risk. Thereare also various wireless media available for inter-building links, such as laser, spread-spectrum RF and microwave.10BaseT is the most flexible topology for LANs, and is generally the best choice for mostnetwork installations. 10BaseT hubs, or multi-hub concentrators, are typically installed ina central location to the user community, and inexpensive UTP cabling is run to eachnetwork device (which may be 100m, or 330ft, from the hub). The signaling technology isvery reliable, even in somewhat noisy environments, and 10BaseT hubs will usuallydetect many network error conditions and automatically shut-down the offending port(s)without affecting the rest of the network (unless, of course, the offending port was yourserver, shared printer, or router to the rest of the world.10BaseF, and its predecessor, FOIRL, are the only recommended topologies for inter-building links. However, they need not be limited to this role. 10BaseF can also be run tothe desktop, though the cost is prohibitively high in all but the most specializedenvironments (generally, extremely noisy manufacturing facilities, or very security-conscious installations). More commonly, FOIRL (and now, 10BaseF) is used insidebuildings and long distance wireless connections to form backbone networks.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-7Q: Is there an official "standard" punch down scheme for 10BaseT?A: Get a copy of EIA/TIA-568, it covers all of that sort of stuff: horizontal, vertical,connectors, patch cords, cross-connects, etc.Q: Is it safe to run Unshield Twisted Pair next to power cable?A: According to EIA/TIA-569, the standard wiring practices for running data cabling andcompanion to the above referenced EIA/TIA-568, you should not run data cable parallelto power cables. However, in reality, this should not be a problem with networks such as10BaseT. 10BaseT uses differential signaling to pick the data signals off the wire. Sinceany interference from nearby power lines will usually affect all pairs equally, anythingthat is not canceled-out by the twists in the UTP should be ignored by the receivingnetwork interface.Q: Can I connect the 10BaseT interface of two devices directly together, without using a hub?A: Yes, but not more than 2 devices, and you also need a special jumper cable between thetwo 10BaseT ports: RJ45 pin RJ45 pin ======== ========1 <--[TX+]--------[RX+]--> 32 <--[TX-]--------[RX-]--> 63 <--[RX+]--------[TX+]--> 16 <--[RX-]--------[TX-]--> 2Q: What is a "segment"?A: A piece of network wire bounded by bridges, routers, repeaters or terminators.Q: What is a "subnet"?A: Another overloaded term. It can mean, depending on the usage, a segment, a set ofmachines grouped together by a specific protocol feature (note that these machines donot have to be on the same segment, but they could be) or a big nylon thing used tocapture enemy subs.Q: What is a repeater?A: A repeater acts on a purely electrical level to connect to segments. All it does is amplifyand reshape (and, depending on the type, possibly retime) the analog waveform toextend network segment distances. It does not know anything about addresses orforwarding, thus it cannot be used to reduce traffic as a bridge can in the exampleabove.Q: What is a "hub"?A: A hub is a common wiring point for star-topology networks, and is a common synonymfor concentrator (though the latter generally has additional features or capabilities).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 5-8 SECTION 5: APPENDICES10BaseT and 10BaseF Ethernet and many proprietary network topologies use hubs toconnect multiple cable runs in a star-wired network topology into a single network. Hubshave multiple ports to attach the different cable runs. Some hubs (such as 10BaseT)include electronics to regenerate and retime the signal between each hub port. Others(such as 10BaseF) simply act as signal splitters, similar to the multi-tap cable-TVsplitters you might use on your home antenna coax (of course, 10BaseF uses mirrors tosplit the signals between cables).Q: What is a bridge?A: A bridge will connect to distinct segments and transmit traffic between them. This allowsyou to extend the maximum size of the network while still not breaking the maximumwire length, attached device count, or number of repeaters for a network segment.Q: What does a "learning bridge"?A: A learning bridge monitors MAC (OSI layer 2) addresses on both sides of its connectionand attempts to learn which addresses are on which side. It can then decide when itreceives a packet whether it should cross the bridge or stay local (some packets may notneed to cross the bridge because the source and destination addresses are both on oneside). If the bridge receives a packet that it doesn't know the addresses of, it will forwardit by default. IEEE’s standard for a learning bridge is 802.1D.Q: Is there a maximum number of bridges allowed on a network?A: Per IEEE 802.1 (d), the maximum number of concatenated brides in a bridged LAN is 7.This number is rather arbitrary, however, and is based on simulations of applicationperformance with expected bridge delays.In addition, the number assumes that all bridges are LOCAL (no remote WAN connections),and that the default Hold Time of 1 second is in place (this is the time after which a bridgewill discard a frame it is holding). This prevents extra-late frame delivery. (i.e, a frameshould never be delivered more than ~7 seconds after is it sent). The rule of thumb forwireless WAN bridged LANs is to limit the number of hops to 4.Q: What is a router?A: Routers work much like bridges, but they pay attention to the upper network layerprotocols (OSI layer 3) rather than data link layer (OSI layer 2) protocols. A router willdecide whether to forward a packet by looking at the protocol level addresses (forinstance, TCP/IP addresses) rather than the MAC address. Because routers work atlayer 3 of the OSI stack, it is possible for them to transfer packets between differentmedia types (i.e., leased lines, Ethernet, token ring, X.25, Frame Relay and FDDI). Manyrouters can also function as bridges.Q: So should I use a router or a bridge?A: There is no absolute answer to this. Your network layout, type and amount of hosts and
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-9traffic, and other issues (both technical and non-technical) must be considered. Routingwould always be preferable to bridging except that routers are slower and usually moreexpensive (due to the amount of processing required to look inside the physical packetand determine which interface that packet needs to get sent out), and that manyapplications use non-routable protocols. Rules of thumb:Bridges are usually good choices for small networks with few, if any, slow redundantlinks between destinations or for connecting distant LANs. Further, bridges may be youronly choice for certain protocols, unless you have the means to encapsulate (tunnel) theun-routable protocol inside a routable protocol.Routers are usually much better choices for larger networks, particularly where you wantto have a relatively clean WAN backbone. Routers are better at protecting againstprotocol errors (such as broadcast storms) and bandwidth utilization. Since routers lookdeeper inside the data packet, they can also make forwarding decisions based on theupper-layer protocols.Occasionally, a combination of the two devices are the best way to go. Bridges can beused to segment small networks that are geographically close to each other, betweeneach other and the router to the rest of the WAN.Q: Are there problems mixing Bridging & Routing?A: Only if you plan on having bridged links in parallel with routed links. You need to be verycareful about running bridges providing links in parallel to a router. Bridges may forwardbroadcast requests which will confuse the router there are lots of protocols you may notthink of filtering (e.g. ARP, Apple ARP over 802.3 etc. etc.). Also, DECnet routers havethe same MAC address on all ports. This will probably cause the bridge to think it isseeing an Ethernet loop.Q: Who makes the fastest/easiest/most advanced bridges or routers?A: The IETF runs bench marks on a wide selection of wired/fiber bridges and routers.Network Computing runs bench marks for wireless routers (point-to-multipoint) andbridges (point-to-point).Q: What does "IPG" mean?A: The InterPacket Gap (more properly referred to as the InterFrame Gap, or IFG) is anenforced quiet time of 9.6 us between transmitted Ethernet frames.Q: What means "promiscuous mode"?A: Promiscuous mode is a condition where the network interface controller will pass allEthernet frames, regardless of destination address, up to the higher level network layers.Normally the network controller will only pass up frames that have that device'sdestination address. However, when put in promiscuous mode, all frames are passed onup the network stack regardless of destination address. Promiscuous mode is usuallyused by network monitoring tools and transparent bridges.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 5-10 SECTION 5: APPENDICESQ: What is a collision?A: A condition where two devices detect that the network is idle and end up trying to sendpackets at exactly the same time (within 1 round-trip delay). Since only one device cantransmit at a time, both devices must back off and attempt to retransmit again.The retransmission algorithm requires each device to wait a random amount of time, sothe two are very likely to retry at different times, and thus the second one will sense thatthe network is busy and wait until the packet is finished. If the two devices retry at thesame time (or almost the same time) they will collide again, and the process repeatsuntil either the packet finally makes it onto the network without collisions, or 16consecutive collision occur and the packet is aborted.Q: What causes a collision?A: See above. Ethernet is a CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detect)system. It is possible to not sense carrier from a previous device and attempt to transmitanyway, or to have two devices attempt to transmit at the same time; in either case acollision results. Ethernet is particularly susceptible to performance loss from suchproblems when people ignore the "rules" for wiring Ethernet.Q: How many collisions are too many?A: This depends on your application and protocol. In many cases, collision rates of 50% willnot cause a large decrease in perceived throughput. If your network is slowing down andyou notice the percentage of collisions is on the high side, you may want try segmentingyour network with either a bridge or router to see if performance improves.Q: How do I reduce the number of collisions?A: Disconnect devices from the network. Seriously, you need to cut- down on the number ofdevices on the network segment to affect the collision rate. This is usually accomplishedby splitting the segment into two pieces and putting a bridge or router in between them.Q: What is a late collision?A: A late collision occurs when two devices transmit at the same time, but due to cablingerrors (most commonly, excessive network segment length or repeaters betweendevices) neither detects a collision. The reason this happens is because the time topropagate the signal from one end of the network to another is longer than the time toput the entire packet on the network, so the two devices that cause the late collisionnever see that the other's sending until after it puts the entire packet on the network.Late collisions are detected by the transmitter after the first "slot time" of 64 byte times.They are only detected during transmissions of packets longer than 64 bytes. It'sdetection is exactly the same as for a normal collision; it just happens "too late."Typical causes of late collisions are segment cable lengths in excess of the maximumpermitted for the cable type, faulty connectors or improper cabling, excessive numbersof repeaters between network devices, and defective Ethernet transceivers orcontrollers.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-11Another negative concerning late collisions is that they occur for small packets also, butcannot be detected by the transmitter. A network suffering a measurable rate of latecollisions (on large packets) is also suffering lost small packets. The higher protocols donot cope well with such losses. Well, they cope, but at much reduced speed. A 1%packet loss is enough to reduce the speed of NFS by 90% with the defaultretransmission timers. That's a 10 times increase of the problem!Finally, Ethernet controllers do not retransmit packets lost to late collisions.Q: What is a jam?A: When a workstation receives a collision, and it is transmitting, it puts out a jam so allother stations will see the collision also. When a repeater detects a collision on one port,it puts out a jam on all other ports, causing a collision to occur on those lines that aretransmitting, and causing any non-transmitting stations to wait to transmit.Q: What is a broadcast storm?A: An overloaded term that describes an overloaded protocol. Basically it describes acondition where devices on the network are generating traffic that by its nature causesthe generation of even more traffic. The inevitable result is a huge degradation ofperformance or complete loss of the network as the devices continue to generate moreand more traffic. This can be related to the physical transmission or to very high levelprotocols.Q: How do I recognize a broadcast storm?A: That depends on what level it is occurring. Basically you have to be aware of thepotential for it beforehand and be looking for it, because in a true broadcast storm youwill probably be unable to access the network. This can change dramatically for a higherlevel protocol. NFS contention can result in a dramatic DROP in Ethernet traffic, yet noone will have access to resources.Q: How can I prevent a broadcast storm?A: Avoid protocols that are prone to it. Route (with routers) or Bridge (with wired/wirelessbridges) when it is practical.Q: What is *high* traffic on an Ethernet? 5%? 20%? 90%?A: High traffic is when things start slowing down to the point they are no longer acceptable.There is not set percentage point, in other words. Usually start paying attention when itgets over 40-50%.Q: Why do I see different throughput speeds?A: Bridges (such as Tsunami) are ISO Layer 2 Data Link Layer (use MAC address forfiltering) devices where they provide their full stated throughput. At level 2 (bridges) or 3(routers) where hardware plays the major part, the most common tester is the SmartBits200 product from NetCom Systems. At Application Layer 7, you will see less than 40%throughput from the maximum capacity measured w/SmartBits due to the increased
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 5-12 SECTION 5: APPENDICESprotocol/software overhead at that level. Layer 7 can be tested with software such asGanymede's Chariot or Qcheck product.As an example: testing copper CAT5 cable with SmartBits will test 100% throughput(let's say you can send/rcv a full 10Mbps). At Layer 7 you will be transferring data at the10Mbps rate, but only 4Mbps of user data will transfer (Ethernet has a high overhead ofbytes added to each data packet each time you go up a layer). The advantage is themore complex overhead makes the data virtually resilient to corruption and minor errors(i.e. collisions), it’s easy to reroute and can use inexpensive plug/play devices likehubs/switches instead of multiplexers as used in the telco industry (i.e. LYNX T1 radios)Western Multiplex tests at Layer 2 where bridges are defined. At layer 7 (ApplicationLayer), you will see less than 40% or more depending on the other traffic that may be onthe LAN as this layer is more dependent on the type of data being sent (it does notmatter if it's wire, fiber or any Ethernet bridge -wired or wireless). Another way to look atit: the model 31145 12Mbps (10Mbps 10BaseT+T1/E1 wayside) bridge will test the sameas a piece of CAT5 Ethernet cable.Q: How can I test an Ethernet?A: This depends on what level you want to test. The most basic test (a.k.a., "the fire test") isto connect a pair of devices to the network and see if they can communicate with eachother. If you want to test the electrical integrity of the wire (i.e., will it carry a signalproperly), a TDR or cable scanner that incorporates TDR and other functions, would bethe most comprehensive tool. If you need to test the performance or troubleshootprotocol transmission problems, you will need special and usually very expensivesoftware, usually coupled with custom hardware, to capture, optionally filter, and analyzethe network packets. Also, see the answer to the question above.Q: What is a "TDR"?A: A Time-Domain Reflectometer is a tool used to detect cable faults. This device operatesby sending a brief signal pulse down the cable and looking for its reflection to bounceback. By analyzing the reflected pulse, it is possible to make judgments about the qualityof the cable segment. More advanced units can not only detect and identify the nature ofthe problem, but give a reasonably accurate indication of the problem's location(distance from the point of the test). There is also a device known as an OTDR, which isan Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer for fiber-optic cables.Q: What is a "BERT"?A: Bit Error Rate Tester. This equipment is used to analyze the amount and types of errorsthat occur on a cable segment.Q: What (free) tools are there to monitor/decode/etc an Ethernet?A: There are many built into most DOS ,Unix and other operating systems. For example,the ping command can be used to determine if a given host is alive, and will also tell youthe round trip transmission time. The command “ifconfig” will tell you the status of thenetwork interfaces. “netstat” will summarize statistics for network usage.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-13DOS commands (through Windows DOS application) are:ARPDisplays and modifies the IP-to-Physical address translation tables used by addressresolution protocol (ARP). ARP -a [inet_addr] [-N if_addr] -a Displays current ARP entries by interrogating the current protocol data. Ifinet_addr is specified, the IP and Physical addresses for only the specifiedcomputer are displayed. If more than one network interface uses ARP, entriesfor each ARP table are displayed. -g Same as -a.inet_addr Specifies an internet address.-N if_addr Displays the ARP entries for the network interface specified by if_addr. -d Deletes the host specified by inet_addr. -s Adds the host and associates the Internet address inet_addr with the Physicaladdress eth_addr. The Physical address is given as 6 hexadecimal bytesseparated by hyphens. The entry is permanent.eth_addr Specifies a physical address.if_addr If present, this specifies the Internet address of the interface whoseaddress translation table should be modified. If not present, the firstapplicable interface will be used. Example: > arp -s 157.55.85.212 00-aa-00-62-c6-09 .... Adds a static entry. > arp -a .... Displays the arp table.FTPTransfers files to and from a computer running an FTP server service (sometimes calleda daemon). FTP can be used interactively.FTP [-v] [-d] [-i] [-n] [-g] [-s:filename] [-a] [-w:windowsize] [-A] [host]-v Suppresses display of remote server responses.-n Suppresses auto-login upon initial connection.-i Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers.-d Enables debugging.-g Disables filename globbing (see GLOB command).-s:filename Specifies a text file containing FTP commands; the commands willautomatically run after FTP starts.-a Use any local interface when binding data connection.-A login as anonymous.-w:buffersize Overrides the default transfer buffer size of 4096.host Specifies the host name or IP address of the remote host to connect to.Notes: - mget and mput commands take y/n/q for yes/no/quit. - Use Control-C to abort commands.NET CONFIG Displays your current workgroup settings.NET DIAG Runs the Microsoft Network Diagnostics program to display
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 5-14 SECTION 5: APPENDICESdiagnostic information about your network.NET HELP Provides information about commands and error messages.NET INIT Loads protocol and network-adapter drivers without bindingthem to Protocol Manager.NET LOGOFF Breaks the connection between your computer and the sharedresources to which it is connected.NET LOGON Identifies you as a member of a workgroup.NET PASSWORD Changes your logon password.NET PRINT Displays information about print queues and controls print jobs.NET START Starts services.NET STOP Stops services.NET TIME Displays the time on or synchronizes your computer's clock withthe clock on a Microsoft Windows for Workgroups, Windows NT,Windows 95, or NetWare time server.NET USE Connects to or disconnects from a shared resource or displaysinformation about connections.NET VER Displays the type and version number of the workgroupredirector you are using.NET VIEW Displays a list of computers that share resources or a list ofshared resources on a specific computer.For more information about a specific Microsoft NET command, type the commandname followed by /? (for example, NET VIEW /?).PINGPING [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS] [-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]] [-w timeout] destination-list-t Ping the specified host until stopped. To see statistics and continue -type Control-Break; To stop - type Control-C.-a Resolve addresses to hostnames.-n count Number of echo requests to send.-l size Send buffer size.-f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet.-i TTL Time To Live.-v TOS Type Of Service.-r count Record route for count hops.-s count Timestamp for count hops.-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.-k host-list Strict source route along host-list.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-15-w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.ROUTEManipulates network routing tables.ROUTE [-f] [command [destination] [MASK netmask] [gateway] [METRIC metric]]-f Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries. If this is used in conjunction withone of the commands, the tables are cleared prior to running the command.command Must be one of four:PRINT Prints a routeADD Adds a routeDELETE Deletes a routeCHANGE Modifies an existing routedestination Specifies the destination host.MASK Specifies that the next parameter is the 'netmask' value.netmask Specifies a subnet mask value to be associated with this route entry. Ifnot specified, it defaults to 255.255.255.255.gateway Specifies gateway.METRIC Specifies that the next paramenter 'metric' is the cost for this destinationAll symbolic names used for destination are looked up in the network database fileNETWORKS. The symbolic names for gateway are looked up in the host namedatabase file HOSTS.If the command is PRINT or DELETE, wildcards may be used for the destination andgateway, or the gateway argument may be omitted.Diagnostic Notes:Invalid MASK generates an error, that is when (DEST & MASK) != DEST.Example> route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 155.0.0.0 157.55.80.1The route addition failed: 87Examples:> route PRINT> route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 255.0.0.0 157.55.80.1 METRIC 3^destination ^mask ^gateway ^metric> route PRINT> route DELETE 157.0.0.0> route PRINTSNMPStarts SNMP agent-close Closes previously running instance of snmp
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 5-16 SECTION 5: APPENDICES-help Displays SNMP help dialog boxTELNETOpens telnet windowTRACERTTRACERT [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] target_name-d Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.-h maximum_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target.-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.-w timeout Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.WINIPCFGOpens IP configuration window/All - Display detailed information/Batch - [filename] Write to file or .\winipcfg.out/renew_all - Renew all adapters/release_all - Release all adapters/renew N - Renew adapter N/release N - Release adapter NQ: What books are good about Ethernet LAN's?A: The IEEE 802.3 documents are considered the definitive source for information onEthernet. However, these may not be suitable for all levels of users. Surprisingly, thereare few good books specifically dealing with Ethernet LANs, but here are a few that youmight find useful:Local Area Networks, An introduction to the technology by John E. McNamara, publishedby Digital Press, 1985 165 pps. with index and glossary, $29.00 ISBN 0-932376-79-7,Digital Press part number EY-00051-DP.Network Troubleshooting Guide by Digital Equipment Corporation, August 1990 Approx.278 pps. with index and glossary, $95.00 Digital Press part number EK-339AB-GD-002.These books and others are recommended in the network reading list, net-read.txt, fromftp.utexas.edu.Q: Where can I get IEEE802.x docs online?A: Not available online. IEEE documents can be ordered directly from the IEEEthemselves. You can contact them at:Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 445 Hoes Lane P.O. Box 1331Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331 U.S.A. (800) 678-IEEE
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-17Q: Where can I get EIA/TIA docs online?A: Not available online They can be ordered from:Global Engineering 800-854-7179
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 5-18 SECTION 5: APPENDICESAppendix D – Auxiliary Data ConnectorsThe following figures illustrate the pin structure for all auxiliary connections. All figures areoriented as a customer would view them, facing the connector. DC power connection informationis found in Section 3.7 of the manual.Figure D-1: VF Port ConnectionFigure D-2: Alarm Port ConnectionsFigure D-3: Config(uration) Port 9-Pin D-Style ConnectorDo NOT connect to RS-422 pins at any time.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESFEBRUARY 2000SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-19Figure D-4: AUX DATA Port 9-Pin D-Style ConnectorDo NOT connect to RS-422 pins at any time.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYFAST ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES FEBRUARY 2000PAGE 5-20 SECTION 5: APPENDICESYour Notes on the Tsunami Radio
Index110BaseT .........................................................................................................................................2-1, 5-6AAC ......................................................................................................................................................3-15Accessories..........................................................................................................................................2-15AIS.................................................................................................................................................2-5, 2-6Alarm connections...............................................................................................................................3-31Alarms ................................................................................................................................................3-26Alignment, antenna.............................................................................................................................3-19AMI ......................................................................................................................................................2-5Antenna ..............................................................................................................2-3, 3-3, 3-20, 3-26, 4-13Antenna connection.............................................................................................................................3-16Antenna installation ............................................................................................................................3-18Antenna planning..................................................................................................................................3-8ARP ....................................................................................................................................................5-13Auxiliary connectors............................................................................................................................5-18Availability calculation..........................................................................................................................3-6BB8ZS.....................................................................................................................................................2-5Balun ..................................................................................................................................................3-35Bit Error Rate........................................................................................................................................3-6bridge....................................................................................................................................................5-8Buffer.............................................................................................................................................2-5, 5-1CCalculations ..........................................................................................................................................3-5Caution .................................................................................................................................................1-2CEPT-1........................................................................................................................................2-6, 3-35Channel plan.......................................................................................................................................3-10Coaxial cable.......................................................................................................................................3-17collision...............................................................................................................................................5-10Connections..................................................................................................2-5, 2-6, 2-12, 3-21, 3-35, 5-1Container ..............................................................................................................................................3-1CRC......................................................................................................................................................5-5DDC ...............................................................................................................................................3-8, 3-13Delay.....................................................................................................................................................5-1Digital Capacity ....................................................................................................................................2-5DSX-1...................................................................................................................................................2-5Duplex ..................................................................................................................................................5-1EEIRP ...................................................................................................................................................3-23Environment .........................................................................................................................................2-7Errors..................................................................................................................................................4-11Ethernet ................................................................................................................................................5-3
Ethernet packet......................................................................................................................................5-4FFade margin ..........................................................................................................................................3-6Filtering .........................................................................................................................................2-5, 5-1Frequency.....................................................................................................................................3-10, 4-2Frequency plan......................................................................................................................................3-7Fresnel ..................................................................................................................................................3-4Front panel............................................................................................................................................2-8FTP.....................................................................................................................................................5-13GGrounding...........................................................................................................................................3-13HHDB3....................................................................................................................................................2-6hub........................................................................................................................................................5-7IIcons .....................................................................................................................................................1-2IEEE ...................................................................................................................................................5-16Indicators ............................................................................................................................................2-10Installation ..........................................................................................................1-1, 2-15, 3-3, 3-18, 3-22Interference.........................................................................................................................................4-12ISO......................................................................................................................................................5-12ISO 9000...................................................................................................................................................iLLAN......................................................................................................................................................2-5LAYER.................................................................................................................................................5-3learning.................................................................................................................................................5-8Line-of-sight..........................................................................................................................................3-4Link budget...........................................................................................................................................3-5Loopback........................................................................................................................................2-5, 2-6MMAC address.........................................................................................................................................5-5Mechanical............................................................................................................................................2-7Mounting ............................................................................................................................................3-11NNMS ...................................................................................................................................................4-18Note ......................................................................................................................................................1-2OOrderwire..........................................................................................................2-6, 2-12, 3-22, 3-26, 3-29OSI Model.............................................................................................................................................5-3Output power.......................................................................................................................................3-24Output power, adjust...................................................................................................................3-27, 3-28PPath.......................................................................................................................................................3-4Path planning........................................................................................................................................3-8PING...................................................................................................................................................5-14
Power ..................................................................................................2-2, 2-7, 2-15, 3-3, 3-12, 3-28, 4-13Power connection ................................................................................................................................3-15Power connection, DC.........................................................................................................................3-13Power supply planning ..........................................................................................................................3-8Professional installation....................................................................................................................iii, 1-1RRear panel...........................................................................................................................................2-14Receive signal level ...........................................................2-9, 2-11, 3-3, 3-5, 3-18, 3-19, 3-20, 3-25, 4-14Receiver ................................................................................................................................................2-3Regulatory........................................................................................................................................iii, 2-7REN....................................................................................................................................................3-29Repair ...................................................................................................................................................4-5repeater .................................................................................................................................................5-7RF Exposure........................................................................................................................................3-18ROUTE...............................................................................................................................................5-15router ....................................................................................................................................................5-8RS-232..............................................................................................................................2-13, 3-33, 3-34RSL.....................................................................................................................................................3-19SShipping.......................................................................................................................................2-15, 3-1SNMP .................................................................................................................................................5-16Spares ...................................................................................................................................................4-3subnet....................................................................................................................................................5-7System...................................................................................................................................................2-4TTechnical support..................................................................................................................................4-4Telephone............................................................................................................................................3-29Telnet..................................................................................................................................................4-28TELNET .............................................................................................................................................5-16Test................................................................................................................................................2-6, 2-9Tips.......................................................................................................................................................1-2Tools.....................................................................................................................................................3-9traffic ..................................................................................................................................................5-11Transmission line................................................................................................................................3-17Transmitter ..................................................................................................................................2-2, 3-27Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................................4-1Turn-up...............................................................................................................................................3-22UUpdate.................................................................................................................................................4-28UTP.......................................................................................................................................................5-5WWarranty..................................................................................................................................................vWINIPCFG .........................................................................................................................................5-16
For ISO Purposes -Last Page of this Manual

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