Radio Frequency Systems W1000220 Remote Radio Head User Manual Handbook

Radio Frequency Systems Inc Remote Radio Head Handbook

Handbook

ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 1 of 152 Handbook ClearFill®Star CDMA
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 2 of 152 The following manual is written by RFS for the handling of the ClearFill®Star System. Please utilize your ClearFill®Star System only as described below and after you have read this manual carefully. If you act without authority, RFS cannot be held responsible for any sequences of such operations. Unauthorized actions can cause dangers and damages. In case of doubts, please consult RFS before. All information contained herein is the property of RFS. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the written permission of RFS. RFS reserves the right to make changes, without notice, to the specifications and equipment described in this manual. RFS is in no way responsible for any damages caused by reliance on this manual, including, but not limited to, typographical and listing errors. As we are not free of errors, please let us have your comments on this manual, either faults or unclear chapters. It will help us to improve the documentation and also our equipment according to your needs. Please send your remarks to: RFS GmbH Kabelkamp 20 D-30179 Hannover Phone: +49 511 676-2731 Fax: +49 511 676-2515 Email: techinfo.europe@rfsworld.com www.RFSWorld.com Copyright © 2009 by RFS All rights reserved. Trademarks: All trademarks marked by ™ or ® are trademarks or registered trademarks of RFS. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 3 of 152 Table of Contents Table of Figures 7 Table of Charts 9 1 Introduction 10 1.1 General 10 1.2 Conventions in this Manual 12 1.3 Standards Conformance 12 1.4 Firmware Release 12 2 ClearFill®Star System Description 13 2.1 General description 13 2.1.1 Supported Services 15 2.1.2 Identification of System 15 2.1.3 System Structure (deployment architectures) 16 2.2 Unit description 18 2.2.1 Base Station Interface (BSI) 18 2.2.2 Remote Radio Head (RRH) 19 2.2.3 Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES) 19 2.2.4 Supported Ethernet Standards 19 2.3 Features 20 2.3.1 General Features 20 2.3.2 Sectorization 21 2.3.3 Guided Hard Handover (Pilot Beacon Functionality) 22 3 System Design Guidelines 23 3.1 CDMA Basics (in preparation) 23 3.1.1 Data (in preparation) 23 3.1.2 Voice (in preparation) 23 3.2 Required information for system design 23 3.2.1 Power level 23 3.2.2 Coverage area / Architecture drawings 24 3.2.3 Type of Building 28 3.2.4 Number of Users 29 3.2.5 Typical parameters 30 3.3 Design step by step 30 3.3.1 Determine coverage area per RRH 30 3.3.2 Number of RRH for Coverage 3G1x and EV-DO 30 3.3.3 Number of RRH for beacon 32 3.3.4 Number of BSI 32 3.3.5 Number of GES 34 3.4 Estimated RF Coverage per RRH 41 3.4.1 Propagation Model (Free Space Loss) 41 3.4.2 Power Level Estimation (Link Budget) 44 3.4.3 Link Loss (Coverage distance) 48 3.4.4 Only one direct connected antenna (in preparation) 48 3.4.5 Examples of Coverage Estimates (in preparation) 48 3.5 Right-sizing - the beacon feature (in preparation) 48 3.6 Capacity demand - number for BSIs (in preparation) 48 3.7 System Architecture 49
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 4 of 152 3.7.1 Rules from the Ethernet World 49 3.7.2 Gigabit Ethernet Switch 49 3.7.3 Example system architecture 50 3.7.4 System feeding 50 4 System Installation 52 4.1 General 52 4.1.1 Safety Considerations 52 4.1.2 Packing List 52 4.1.3 Health and Safety Warnings 52 4.1.4 Installation Locations and requirements 53 4.1.5 Recommended Tools/Installation Incidentals 53 4.1.6 Accessories to be provided locally 53 4.2 System Installation (Hardware Installation) 54 4.3 Installation Radio Remote Head (RRH) 55 4.4 Installation Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES) 56 4.5 Installation Base Station Interface (BSI) 56 4.6 Installation NMS Server (Hardware) 56 4.7 Commissioning of NMS 57 4.7.1 Start of NMS Server 57 4.7.2 BTS – ClearFill®Star Integration 57 4.7.3 Commissioning of ClearFill®Star via NMS 57 4.7.4 System optimization 70 5 NMS Overview 71 5.1 Introduction 71 5.2 Starting the NMS 71 5.2.1 IP address setup 71 5.3 Tools and Utilities of NMS server 72 5.3.1 The Web NMS Launcher 72 5.3.2 Discovery Configurator 73 5.3.3 ClearFill Star Client Login Window 77 5.3.4 Logs Window 78 5.4 Main Window of NMS Application Client (structure) 79 5.4.1 The Menu Bar 80 5.4.2 The Tree Pane 80 5.4.3 The Display Pane 81 5.4.4 The Alarm Summary Pane 81 5.5 The NMS client functionality 81 5.5.1 Network Maps 81 5.5.2 Fault Management 88 5.5.3 Provisioning 90 5.5.4 Network Database 105 5.5.5 SNMP Tools 106 5.6 Right Click Menus 106 5.6.1 RRH/BSI Right-Click Options 107 5.6.2 Switch Right-Click Menu 108 5.6.3 Network Right-Click Menu 109 5.7 RRH Configuration 110
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 5 of 152 5.8 BSI Configuration 114 5.8.1 Fault Management 115 6 Configuration Management 120 6.1 Introduction 120 6.2 Change settings and system parameters 120 6.2.1 Sector configuration 120 6.2.2 RRH 120 6.2.3 GES 122 6.2.4 BSI 122 7 System Supervision 124 7.1 Introduction 124 7.2 Supervision GUI 124 7.3 Alarms and faults structure 124 7.4 Alarm description and their possible causes 124 7.4.1 BSI 125 7.4.2 RRH 126 7.5 Alarm management (graphics, analysis etc.) 128 7.6 External alarm routing 128 8 Remote Management and Supervision 129 9 Operational used cases/Maintenance 130 9.1 Introduction 130 9.2 Swap faulty devices 130 9.2.1 Swap RRH 130 9.2.2 Swap GES 130 9.2.3 Swap BSI 131 9.2.4 Swap NMS 131 9.3 Add RRH 131 9.4 Move RRH 131 9.5 Change RRH sector allocation 132 9.6 Reset RRH and BSI 132 9.7 Maintenance 133 9.7.1 Introduction 133 9.7.2 Firmware Update 133 9.8 Warranty 134 9.8.1 RFS Maintenance Services 134 9.8.2 Welcome Center 135 9.8.3 Technical Support / Help Desk 137 9.8.4 Escalation levels 137 9.8.5 SW Maintenance 138 10 System Specifications and Technical Data 139 10.1 RF Specification of ClearFill®Star System 139 10.1.1 General Specification 139 10.1.2 Downlink 139 10.1.3 Uplink 141 10.2 System elements data sheets 143 10.2.1 POI 143 10.2.2 Simplexed Twin BSI 144
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 6 of 152 10.2.3 RRH 145 10.2.4 GES 145 10.3 Environmental Conditions 146 10.3.1 Operations 146 10.3.2 Transportation & Storage 146 11 Conformance Statements 147 11.1 United States 147 11.1.1 Introduction 147 11.1.2 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 147 11.1.3 FCC Part 15 Class A 147 11.1.4 RF approval 147 11.1.5 IEC product safety conformance 147 11.1.6 Indoor applications 148 11.1.7 Antenna exposure 148 11.1.8 Radiofrequency radiation exposure Information 148 11.1.9 Packaging collection and recovery requirements 148 11.1.10 Recycling / take-back / disposal of products and batteries 148 11.2 Canada 149 11.2.1 Introduction 149 11.2.2 Industry Canada (IC) 149 11.2.3 Indoor applications 149 11.2.4 Packaging collection and recovery requirements 149 11.2.5 Recycling / take-back / disposal of products and batteries 149 12 Appendix 151 12.1 Abbreviations: 151
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 7 of 152 Table of Figures Figure 1 ClearFill®Star system component distribution.................................................................. 10 Figure 2 Typical deployment topology of a ClearFill®Star network ................................................ 13 Figure 3 Signal flow of ClearFill®Star............................................................................................. 14 Figure 4 Point of Interconnection (POI) device............................................................................... 15 Figure 5 Twin Base Station Interface (BSI) device ......................................................................... 15 Figure 6 Remote Radio Head (RHH) device................................................................................... 16 Figure 7 Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES) device.............................................................................. 16 Figure 8 General deployment architectures: (a) star configuration (one sector with 5 RRH) and (b) tree configuration (sector 1 with 3 RRH, sector 2 with 2 RRH)................................................ 17 Figure 9 Example of a cascaded transport network........................................................................ 18 Figure 10 Illustration of CDMA channel assignment to RRH via VLAN. ......................................... 21 Figure 11 Illustration of a typical in-building deployment scenario with pilot beacons.................... 22 Figure 12 Path loss models (source: Wireless Valley).................................................................... 27 Figure 13 Erlang B formula............................................................................................................. 29 Figure 14 Traffic Intensity ............................................................................................................... 29 Figure 15 Example 1 for Twin-BSI configuration ............................................................................ 33 Figure 16 Example 2 for Twin-BSI configuration ............................................................................ 33 Figure 17 GES front view................................................................................................................ 34 Figure 18 ClearFill®Star setup example 1...................................................................................... 36 Figure 19 ClearFill®Star setup example 2...................................................................................... 37 Figure 20 ClearFill®Star setup example 3...................................................................................... 38 Figure 21 ClearFill®Star setup example 4...................................................................................... 39 Figure 22 ClearFill®Star setup example 5...................................................................................... 40 Figure 23 Scenario for UL reception power level calculation.......................................................... 46 Figure 24 Indoor Loss for Different Building Types at 900 MHz ..................................................... 48 Figure 25 Indoor Loss for Different Building Types at 1900 MHz ................................................... 48 Figure 26 GES Login Menu ............................................................................................................ 58 Figure 27 GES IP Configuration Menu ........................................................................................... 59 Figure 28 GES SNMP configuration menu ..................................................................................... 60 Figure 29 GES STP configuration menu......................................................................................... 61 Figure 30 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu for NMS ....................................................... 63 Figure 31 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu for Voice ...................................................... 64 Figure 32 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu for Data........................................................ 65 Figure 33 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu ..................................................................... 65 Figure 34 GES VLAN Tag Rule menu ............................................................................................ 66 Figure 35 VLAN Tag Rule Edit Menu.............................................................................................. 66 Figure 36 Web NMS Launcher Window.......................................................................................... 68 Figure 37 ClearFill®Star authentication.......................................................................................... 68 Figure 38 Network Map – Switches ................................................................................................69 Figure 39 Network Map – Unconfigured RRH / BSI Nodes ............................................................ 70 Figure 40 Web NMS Launcher window .......................................................................................... 72 Figure 41 Discovery Configurator – General Tab ........................................................................... 74 Figure 42 Discovery Configurator - Network Discovery tab ............................................................ 75 Figure 43 Login Screen................................................................................................................... 77 Figure 44 Logs Window .................................................................................................................. 78 Figure 45 Application Client Screen................................................................................................ 79
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 8 of 152 Figure 46 Switches ......................................................................................................................... 82 Figure 47 Map View for Non ClearFill devices................................................................................ 83 Figure 48 ClearFill®Star objects map............................................................................................. 84 Figure 49 Unconfigured Devices Map............................................................................................. 85 Figure 50 Failed Systems map ....................................................................................................... 86 Figure 51 Configured BSIs and RRHs map view............................................................................ 87 Figure 52 Network events view....................................................................................................... 88 Figure 53 Alarms view .................................................................................................................... 89 Figure 54 Templates Display Panel................................................................................................ 90 Figure 55 AddClearFillObj provisioning template............................................................................ 91 Figure 56 DeviceConfig provisioning template ............................................................................... 92 Figure 57 Firmware download template.......................................................................................... 93 Figure 58 Remove Sector step 1 .................................................................................................... 94 Figure 59 Remove Sector step 2 .................................................................................................... 95 Figure 60 Remove Sector step 3 .................................................................................................... 96 Figure 61 SectorConfiguration template step 1 .............................................................................. 97 Figure 62 SectorConfiguration template step 2 .............................................................................. 98 Figure 63 SectorConfiguration template step 3 .............................................................................. 99 Figure 64 SectorConfiguration template step 4 ............................................................................ 100 Figure 65 SectorConfiguration template step 5 ............................................................................ 101 Figure 66 SectorPilotConfiguration template step 1 ..................................................................... 102 Figure 67 SectorPilotConfiguration template step 2 ..................................................................... 103 Figure 68 SectorPilotConfiguration template step 3 ..................................................................... 104 Figure 69 Activity List.................................................................................................................... 104 Figure 70 Network Database Network View ................................................................................. 105 Figure 71 RRH/BSI Right Click Menu ........................................................................................... 107 Figure 72 Switch Right Click Menu...............................................................................................108 Figure 73 Network right-click menu with stop option .................................................................... 109 Figure 74 Network right-click menu with start option .................................................................... 109 Figure 75 RRH General Configuration Tab................................................................................... 110 Figure 76 RRH Pilot Beacon Configuration Tab ........................................................................... 111 Figure 77 RRH Sector Configuration Tab..................................................................................... 112 Figure 78 RRH Status Tab............................................................................................................ 113 Figure 79 BSI Configuration General Tab..................................................................................... 114 Figure 80 BSI Configuration Sector Tab....................................................................................... 115 Figure 81 Search Window............................................................................................................. 116 Figure 82 Event Viewer................................................................................................................. 118 Figure 83 Schematic illustration of local RRH interfaces.............................................................. 128 Figure 84 Advanced Login Screen................................................................................................ 129 Figure 85 Register Service Request from Customer .................................................................... 135 Figure 86 Initiate Product Repair (to Customer) ........................................................................... 136 Figure 87 initiate or trigger technical support................................................................................ 136 Figure 88 RFS repair process....................................................................................................... 136 Figure 89 DL System Configuration for Specification ................................................................... 139 Figure 90 UL System Configuration for Specification ................................................................... 141
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 9 of 152 Table of Charts Table 1 Ethernet Transport Media .................................................................................................. 20 Table 2 Typical attenuation for different materials (source: Wireless Valley) ................................. 25 Table 3 Typical attenuation for different building types (source: Wireless Valley).......................... 26 Table 4 Examples for Propagation Coefficient (source: Wireless Valley)....................................... 42 Table 5 RF losses due to physical obstacles (Reference: Wireless Valley) ................................... 43 Table 6 Propagation Parameters.................................................................................................... 44 Table 7 Downlink Parameters......................................................................................................... 45 Table 8 Power levels of mobiles ..................................................................................................... 46 Table 9 Reception power levels for ClearFill®Star-CDMA ............................................................. 47 Table 10 LED indications at RRH .................................................................................................125 Table 11 LED indication at BSI..................................................................................................... 127 Table 12 Downlink Parameter Specifications ............................................................................... 140 Table 13 Uplink Parameter Specification...................................................................................... 142 Table 14 BTS and POI configurations .......................................................................................... 143
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 10 of 152 1 Introduction This document describes the ClearFill®Star system and its components. 1.1 General ClearFill®Star is an innovative, digital, IP-based wireless indoor coverage solution. ClearFill®Star is a unique low-cost approach that improves indoor cellular service by converting radio coverage into an IP based Ethernet application. It is based on wireless, Ethernet, and packet technology. This in-building cellular solution uses standard LAN cabling (CAT5), switches, routers, and network administration which are already installed in most office buildings, making ClearFill®Star simple and inexpensive to deploy, maintain, and reconfigure. Indoor coverage will be provided by ClearFill®Star indoor remote radio heads (RRH) powered over Ethernet, indoor capacity is defined by the number of ClearFill®Star base station interface units (BSI) connecting to BTSs/NodeBs. Figure 1 ClearFill®Star system component distribution This solution allows distributing the RF signals from a base station via a Gigabit Ethernet Network. The system digitizes and packages the RF signal of a base station and distributes it over an Ethernet network. ClearFill®Star splits coverage- and capacity functionality. This feature allows to extend capacity at only one central point and to allocate the resource to different RRHs, according to demand. This concept makes the system highly scaleable and flexible. The BSI RF interface makes the whole solution BTS vendor agnostic.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 11 of 152 Advantages of ClearFill Star system versus a typical distributed antenna system: Lower costs for hardware and installation:  Installation costs are reduced by the use of existing infrastructure.  All remote radio heads / active antennas (RRH) are powered via CAT5 cables and the Power of Ethernet (PoE) functionality that eases the installation considerably.  CAT5 cable (+fiber) versus coaxial cable (+fiber).  Gig-E components versus RF components.  Solution is future proof, because the used transport medium will evolve with Ethernet evolution; 10 GBit Ethernet solutions are already entering the market.  Costs are competitive due to huge Ethernet market: the benefit is a massive economy of scale. Higher flexibility:  Ability to adjust output power per RRH via software.  Supports diversity and sectorization for increasing capacity without additional hardware.  OA&M functions are integrated in same Gig-E network.  Conversion between fiber medium and CAT5 medium is done easily.  System is flexible and scalable. Higher performance:  Highest quality of service; due to digitization of the RF signal directly at the source no degradation of the signal due to distribution.  Digital transport does not degrade RF signal quality.  Elimination of gain uncertainty in the system. Capacity and coverage are independent with ClearFill®Star:  1 sector worth of capacity can be distributed to multiple RRHs covering a large area or a single RRH covering a small area resulting in a very flexible growth.  Capability to manage base station capacity. The software assigns Remote Radio Heads (active antennas) to base station or base station sectors.  Softer and soft handoff features are preserved. Welcome to the next generation of active Distributed Antenna Systems, welcome to ClearFill®Star!
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 12 of 152 1.2 Conventions in this Manual This check mark means there is a note of interest and is something you should pay special attention to while using ClearFill®Star. This exclamation point means there is a caution or warning and is something that could damage your property of ClearFill®Star. This question mark provides you with a reminder about something you might need to do while using or administrating ClearFill®Star. 1.3 Standards Conformance The following Standards are applicable to ClearFill®Star:  FCC FCC part 15/ 22/ 24  IC RSS-210 / RSS-131  Safety IEC / EN60950-1  Ethernet TIA/EIA 568-A  PoE IEEE 802.3af  RF Performance 3GPP2 C.S0051-01 Refer to Chapter 11 for compliance information. 1.4 Firmware Release For the latest Firmware release and associated documentation, access the RFS Internet Homepage at: www.RFSWorld.com or contact techinfo.europe@rfsworld.com, or applications.engineering@rfsworld.com
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 13 of 152 2 ClearFill®Star System Description 2.1 General description In order to leverage the commonly available data network infrastructure, ClearFill®Star uses the same local area network (LAN) topology. A LAN in a typical office building is laid out in a tree topology. The base of the tree is the main telecommunication/equipment room with the Ethernet switches and routers. It usually accommodates the connection to the outside world. From this central location network cables (fiber or CAT5) branch to multiple telecommunication/equipment closets located throughout the building. The telecom closets that are spread over the building are connected as the last level of branches. They connect each individual location that needs network access with CAT5 cables The telecom closets are usually located so close that the longest CAT5 cable is less than 100 m (300 ft) long in order to support 1000Base-T Ethernet. An example is illustrated in Figure 2. Figure 2 Typical deployment topology of a ClearFill®Star network This topology is also used for ClearFill®Star. The base station (BTS) is usually located in the main telecom room. A base station interface (BSI) card connects to the BTS. Fiber or CAT-5 cables connect the BSI to multiple Gigabit Ethernet switches (GESs), installed in wiring closets all over the building. These switches are connected by CAT-5 cables to the individual remote radio heads (RRHs), installed at desired locations throughout
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 14 of 152 the building. One or more external antennas can be connected to an RRH through a short RF cable or directly on the housing. Power for the RRHs is provided over CAT-5 cables using the power-over-Ethernet (PoE) 802.3af standard. Figure 3 shows a schematic signal flow from BTS to RRH. Base Station Mix Radio SignalTo Baseband Digitize RadioSignal Packetize digitized Radio SignalBase Station InterfaceMix Radio SignalTo Baseband Digitize RadioSignal Packetize digitized Radio SignalBase Station InterfaceDepacket digitizedRadio Signal Digital Analog Conversion Mix Radio SignalTo RFRemote Radio HeadSynchronizationEthernet Network Figure 3 Signal flow of ClearFill®Star Each system element of the ClearFill®Star system is described in detail in section 2.2.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 15 of 152 2.1.1 Supported Services The ClearFill®Star system supports the following services:  CDMA2000 1xRTT systems complying to C.S0002 up to and including Release A  EvDO Release A 1.25 MHz applications  Frequency Band Class 0 (800 MHz band, sub-bands 0,1 and 2)  Frequency Band Class 1 (1900 MHz band) 2.1.2 Identification of System This chapter gives a short overview of the ClearFill®Star components. Please see chapter 2.2-Unit description for a more detailed description of each system element. 2.1.2.1 Point of Interconnection (POI) The POI attenuates the RF signal of the base station to the input/output system requirements of the BSI, e.g. when a base station with 2 carriers per sector is used the POI has the function to split the RF signal into two paths to provide an RF signal to the two required BSIs. Figure 4 Point of Interconnection (POI) device 2.1.2.2 Base Station Interface (BSI) The BSI is the interface between BTS and Ethernet Infrastructure. Its function is in downlink (DL) to digitize and packet the RF signal of the base station according to Ethernet standard. For the uplink (UL) the BSI translates the digitized packet stream back to RF. Figure 5 Twin Base Station Interface (BSI) device 2.1.2.3 Remote Radio Head (RHH) The RRHs are indoor RF front-ends. They have 1Gigabit-Ethernet interfaces. An automatic summing function is included in the RRH to sum the UL data streams of several RRHs. Alternatively to the mobile signal coverage function, the RRH can generate up to 7 pilot beacon signals to support the hard handover. An RRH package includes an external, removable antenna.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 16 of 152 Figure 6 Remote Radio Head (RHH) device 2.1.2.4 Ethernet Infrastructure incl. Gigabit Ethernet Switched (GES) The infrastructure for data transport is based on 1Gigabit Ethernet Switches (GES). Two kinds of cables can be used for the interconnection: CAT5 (or higher) for distances of maximum 100m (300ft) and optical fibers for longer distances. The GES support Power over Ethernet (PoE). Figure 7 Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES) device 2.1.2.5 Network Management System (NMS) Server The NMS is in charge of:  Configuring the network elements  Mapping of RRH to BSI  Operation and administration  Supervision of system (monitoring and control functionality)  Maintenance of system 2.1.3 System Structure (deployment architectures) ClearFill®Star allows building a star configuration (see Figure 8(a)), i.e. all RRH of the same sector reside on the same switch level. It also allows a tree configuration (see Figure 8(b)), i.e. RRHs of different sectors may reside on different switch levels.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 17 of 152 GES RRHBSIBSIGESRRHRRHRRHRRH(a) Star c onfigurationGESRRHBSIBSIGES RRHRRHRRHRRH(b ) Tree configuration Figure 8 General deployment architectures: (a) star configuration (one sector with 5 RRH) and (b) tree configuration (sector 1 with 3 RRH, sector 2 with 2 RRH). Sector 2 Sector 1
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 18 of 152 2.2 Unit description 2.2.1 Base Station Interface (BSI) The connection to the BTS is established through an RF interface. The RF interface allows ClearFill®Star to support any manufacture’s BTSs. The central task of the BSI is to convert the downlink radio signals into outgoing Ethernet packets and to convert incoming Ethernet packets into uplink radio signals. The BSIs RF interface processes the downlink RF signal with a down-converter and an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) to generate a digital base band signal. The uplink data is processed by a digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) and an up-converter. To support multiple sectors a ClearFill®Star network can easily support multiple BSIs. For the uplink, multiple packet streams from multiple RRHs are combined by summation to form a single IQ signal stream for the BTS receiver. This feature is called summing. A summing function is included in the BSI, an example for the summing function is shown in Figure 9. RRH RRH RRH GES RRH + sum (Level 4) RRH RRH RRH GES RRH + sum(Level 4)GES GES GES BSI + Sum of Sums Transport Network of a 4 Cascade Configuration Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 NMS Figure 9 Example of a cascaded transport network. The BSI described in this manual is the CFS-BSI-2S-819-1, a simplexed twin BSI rack. It consists of two BSIs, which are independent units in a single housing. All connections (RF, Ethernet, power supply) are realized for each BSI independently.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 19 of 152 The simplexed twin BSI rack supports a carrier capacity of 2 CDMA carriers (realized via two separate BSI in one housing).  The Simplexed Twin BSI can be fed by two external power supplies (one for each BSI).  The external power supply port is at the rear side of the housing.  Minimum spacing of two RF channels that are supported: 2.5MHz.  The frequency band and channel allocation are controlled separately for each BSI unit via NMS.  LEDs indicate the BSI status for each BSI unit independently (locally). 2.2.2 Remote Radio Head (RRH) The RRH converts incoming Ethernet packets into downlink RF signal to radiate it out to the mobiles. Receiving uplink signals from the mobiles are converted into outgoing Ethernet packets. The RRH synchronizes its frequency and timing to the BSI/BTS. The RRH is powered over Ethernet to eliminate the requirement of an AC drop for installation, which provides significant cost saving. To strive for low equipment cost, the RRH uses handset technology for its RF transceiver function. The summing function is implemented in each RRH. When activated a group of RRHs send their packets to a designated RRH, which combines them with its own uplink data to form a signal stream to be sent to either the BSI or another summing RRH. By locating the summing function in the BSI and RRHs, an off-the-shelf Gigabit Ethernet switch can be used in the ClearFill®Star network. 2.2.3 Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES) An Ethernet switch directs data packets to their destination by using their MAC address. In a ClearFill®Star network, Gigabit Ethernet is used because of the required data rate and latency. The switches need to support VLAN and priority switching. Commercial off-the-shelf GES could theoretically be used as data transport network, but special MIB files would have to be implemented in order to be able to connect NMS to the GES. Therefore, the ClearFill®Star end-to-end solution offer includes a GES released to operate with BSI and RRH. The switch can also be used to source DC power for the RRHs over the CAT5 cables using the POE standard. Gigabit Ethernet is required due to the link to link synchronization that is essential for the overall system synchronization. 2.2.4 Supported Ethernet Standards The distribution of signals between BSI-GES-RRH and GES-NMS is done via Gigabit Ethernet Network in accordance to the protocol specified in ClearFill®Star. The distribution of signals between GES-GES is done via Gigabit Ethernet Network in accordance to the standards defined in Table 1.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 20 of 152 Name Medium Distance 1000BASE-T unshielded twisted pair 100 meters (300 ft) 1000BASE-SX multi-mode fiber 500 meters (1500 ft) 1000BASE-LX single-mode fiber 5 km (3 mi) Table 1 Ethernet Transport Media Signal distribution between other entities (e.g. BTS-POI, POI-BSI, and RRH-antenna) is realized by RF connection. It is possible to operate WLAN on the same physical infrastructure depending on the ClearFill®Star-CDMA system, as long as the system performance of both VLANs (ClearFill®Star and WLAN) is not degraded. 2.3 Features 2.3.1 General Features  A BSI / RRH supports one single CDMA RF carrier. It provides sufficient rejection against adjacent carriers.  The system uses Ethernet protocol for the communication between BSI, RRH and switches.  The summing function summarizes the capability to transform a number of incoming independent data streams in a single data stream.  The RRH contains a summing function. It combines in UL the data stream of up to 8 RRHs (7 RRH + itself).  The BSI contains a summing function. It combines in UL the data of up to 8 data streams.  The maximum number of supported RRHs in a system configuration with one BSI is 16.  The system supports 2 summing levels (1x BSI, 1x RRH).  The transport network consists of up to 4 cascaded GES.  It is possible to install a pre-configured RRH in a running system (e.g. when a RRH is disconnected and re-connected afterwards).  A RRH, which has not been configured, will initialize in the NMS and start-up in idle mode with default values (factory settings). It starts in online mode without transmitting.  It is possible to adjust the maximum output power of the RRH via the NMS and remote control of the NMS in 1 dB steps.  The system is capable to upload new SW releases via the network management center.  Ethernet network operates via CAT5- or fiber links both supporting data rates of 1Gbit/s.  The monitoring and configuration of the network elements is realized by the NMS.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 21 of 152 2.3.2 Sectorization The sectorization is configured via the GES. The procedure for VLAN configuration is described in section 4.7.3.4-VLAN Configuration of GES.  In a system containing several BSIs the assignment of each RRHs to a BSI (sectorization) is configurable by VLAN (Figure 10).  The VLAN configuration / sectorization is done via NMS. VLAN1TransportNetworkRRHBSI 1BSI 2BSI n....RRH....VLAN2RRHRRH....VLAN nRRHRRH.... Figure 10 Illustration of CDMA channel assignment to RRH via VLAN. The system supports:  Port-based VLAN  IEEE802.1Q Tag VLAN  256 active VLANs  VLAN ID 1~4094 Note: Each RF carrier needs an individual VLAN, consisting of one BSI and a number of RRHs. The maximum number of RF carriers transported on the same Ethernet is limited by the maximum data rate of 1Gbit/s.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 22 of 152 2.3.3 Guided Hard Handover (Pilot Beacon Functionality) The RRH has to be able to generate a pilot beacon signal in order to guide the hard handover. The guided hard handover is accomplished by a pilot beacon generated by the RRH. A typical realization of the guided hard handover from/to 5 outdoor carriers to/from one dedicated indoor carrier is shown in Figure 11. Figure 11 Illustration of a typical in-building deployment scenario with pilot beacons  One RRH is able to provide up to 7 adjacent pilot beacon signals simultaneously.  The RRH can either generate one or more pilot beacons or operate on a communication channel; the switch between the configurations is done by NMS.  The pilot beacon configuration is realized via NMS.  Output power level of the pilot beacon(s): o The Nominal output power level per pilot beacon is: -20dBm ± 1dB. o It is adjustable from +14dBm to -50dBm in 1dB steps composite. o The beacon power level depends on the number of beacon signals.  Configurable parameters via NMS: o CDMA frequency band and channel per pilot beacon. o PN offset (0 to 512), same for all pilot beacons per RRH. o Power level is the same per beacon.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 23 of 152 3 System Design Guidelines 3.1 CDMA Basics (in preparation) 3.1.1 Data (in preparation) 3.1.2 Voice (in preparation) 3.2 Required information for system design A successful and reliable RF-design is based on many different parameters and assumptions and cannot be described completely in this handbook. The goal of indoor system design is to meet the requirements for excellent performance and QoS. Understanding requirements should include, but not be limited to:  Capacity vs. coverage  Current and future needs  Timeline for implementation  Customers expectation The essential key information for a proper system design:  Coverage area  Building details  Expected traffic  Frequency plan o Pilot pollution issues o Carrier to Interference Ratio 3.2.1 Power level A main parameter for the system design is the required signal strength level. The minimal required signal strength level should be selected in accordance to the on site conditions. There are several parameters to take into consideration. Typical values for the min. required signal strength level are in the range of -80dBm to -85dBm for Common Pilot Channel (CPICH). Other present cells (usually strong outdoor cells) may require to increase the signal strength level at least 10dB (-70 to-75dBm for CPICH). In CDMA systems, the indicated minimum signal strength level refers to the CPICH, representing the most important parameter for the RF-designer. It is essential for a proper connection that the mobile can receive a dominant CPICH; otherwise poor quality of service occurs (QoS). Poor QoS results in dropped calls, poor voice quality and poor data throughput. High signal strength level needs more active equipment resulting in higher costs for the system.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 24 of 152 3.2.2 Coverage area / Architecture drawings For optimizing a system design it is essential to have knowledge about the areas to be covered. A typical indication for the area to be covered is the reception probability: -85dBm@95%RP means that 95% of the Building has to get covered with a signal strength level better -85dBm. Typical values for the minimum signal strength level are in the range of 85dBm to 95dBm, a reception probability of 98% represents a very high demand. Building drawings showing the structure of the floors or levels and can be useful to evaluate type and structure of the walls and other constructions inside (pylons, elevators, stairs, etc). This is very important for the calculation of the propagation loss which is a main parameter for the link budget. To prevent insufficient coverage it is very important to analyze losses from walls or obstacles in the design process. The evaluation of all losses for the propagation path is a critical point, because it is not possible to get exact figures for the RF-attenuation from each wall. Table 2 shows typical losses for commonly used materials in building constructions.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 25 of 152 The following typical wall attenuations were observed: Type Attenuation [dB] Thin concrete wall - 10cm (4 inches) 5 Thick concrete wall - 13cm (5 inches) 13 External wall front with windows 8 External wall front without windows 10 Porous concrete 4 Dry wall, sheetrock 1-2 Wood structure, wood door 1 Glass 2 Concrete floor 13 Brick Wall - 10cm (4 inches) 4 Brick Wall - 6cm (2 inches) 3 Partitions metal 1-2 Plastic structure 0.5 Glass with metal grid 8 Table 2 Typical attenuation for different materials (source: Wireless Valley)
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 26 of 152 Statistical models are helpful if the type of building can be classified: Model Name Path Loss Equation [dB] Retail Store PL (d) = 22 Log(3.28*d) + 20.1 Suburban Office Bldg - Open Floor Plan PL (d) = 24 Log(3.28*d) + 19.1 Suburban Office Bldg - Soft Partitions PL (d) = 28 Log(3.28*d) + 17.0 Suburban Office Bldg - Hard Partitions PL (d) = 30 Log(3.28*d) + 16.0 University PL (d) = 0.6232(d)+ 63 Motorola Cluttered PL (d) = 0.594(d) + 71 Motorola Uncluttered PL (d) = 0.3608(d) + 55 Free Space @ 894 MHz PL (d) =20 Log (3.28*d) + 21 Table 3 Typical attenuation for different building types (source: Wireless Valley) PL: Path loss (dB) d: Distance from Remote Radio Head to mobile user
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 27 of 152 Figure 12 Path loss models (source: Wireless Valley) Nevertheless it is very important to check possible locations for the antennas and the equipment.  Observe building layout o Locations for RF source first  Remote Radio Head Placements o Ideal vs. reality o Aesthetic issues o Suspended ceiling a plus o Columns and pillars 506070809010011012013015 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125 135Distance (m)Path Loss (dB)Suburban Office Bldg.open Plan Suburban Office Bldg. Soft partition Suburban Office Bldg. Hard partitionMotorola Cluttered Motorola Uncluttered Free Space (@894MHz)
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 28 of 152 3.2.3 Type of Building ClearFill®Star is a confined area coverage solution, applicable primarily to buildings. Building types:  Enterprise  Office building  Airport  Residential  Hotel  Hospital  Fairground  Shopping Mall  Garage, Car Park area Building topologies:  Isolated Building  Campus areas Systems for enterprise buildings are more challenging to design due to the construction with concrete walls, concrete pylons and many obstacles like metallic racks, machinery, storage areas, etc. Office areas, Fairgrounds and Shopping malls are usually wide open areas. The construction is usually made from metal or concrete at the outside, which is positive due to less interference from outdoor cells. The inner area is made by a few dry or sheetrock walls.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 29 of 152 3.2.4 Number of Users One CDMA channel can handle up to 56 users at the same time. A ClearFill®Star BSI supports the capacity of 1 CDMA carrier. If more capacity is required, additional CDMA carriers can be designed to overcome capacity limitations. Fairgrounds, theatres, stadium areas, meeting rooms and campuses are areas that might require capacity extension. Capacity planning has to be discussed with the network operator, responsible in general for the Base Transceiver Station. 1st step: Estimate number of subscribers 2nd step: Determine Erlangs usage  In-building clients > 25 mE/sub average 3rd step: Decide quality of service (QoS)  2% blocking high  Recommended 0.2 % blocking Erlang B table should be used to verify the required number of channels. The result may necessitate more than 1 RF source. Figure 13 Erlang B formula 10010110210-310-210-1Traffic Intensity in Erlang (A)Probability of Blocking (Pb[blocking])#Trunked channel, C=6#Trunked channel, C=14#Trunked channel, C=22#Trunked channel, C=30#Trunked channel, C=38#Trunked channel, C=46(0.002; 1.32) (0.002; 5.92) (0.002; 11.52)(0.002; 17.60)(0.002; 23.97)(0.002; 30.54) Figure 14 Traffic Intensity Erlang B formula CkkCbkACAblockingP0!!/
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 30 of 152 3.2.5 Typical parameters Typical parameters for the system design are: Required signal strength level for CPICH: -80dBm…-85dBm Required signal strength level for CPICH: -70dBm…-75dBm (Strong outdoor signal present) Reception probability (typical): 90%..95% Coverage area for 1 RRH (typical): 2,500 sqm (25,000 sqft) Typical propagation loss for antenna radius 28m (92 ft): -81 dB (Office area with sheetrock walls) 3.3 Design step by step This chapter explains the steps for designing a ClearFill®Star system. The assumptions and parameters for the design are explained in section 3.2. 3.3.1 Determine coverage area per RRH A ClearFill®Star RRH for CDMA with a CPICH output power of +4dBm (+14dBm carrier output power) can cover an area of 2500 sqm (25,000 sqft) under standard conditions. Deviations from the standard conditions have an impact on the propagation loss:  Additional wall loss or obstacles reduce the coverage area  Less walls or less attenuation increase the coverage area. 3.3.2 Number of RRH for Coverage 3G1x and EV-DO The maximum distance between RRH and mobile should not exceed 28m (92 ft) (for standard conditions). It is possible to place several RRHs at the area to be covered by using RF-prediction software tools. The prediction software calculates and shows the estimated RF-coverage based on building and system parameters. The quality of the coverage prediction is highly dependant on the accuracy of the building parameters. When designing a ClearFill®Star system without using a prediction tool, the first step should be to divide the area to be covered (e.g. complete floor or room) by the estimated coverage area of an RRH.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 31 of 152 Example 1: By using the standard propagation model, 2 Remote Radio Heads can cover a rectangular office floor with the dimensions 100m x 50m (330 ft x 165 ft). Example 2: For an office floor with the dimensions 100m x 100m (330ft x 330ft), 4 RRHs should be used.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 32 of 152 Up to 24 RRHs can be connected to a summing GES. The number of RRHs is independent from the type of service (voice or data) for CDMA. At least 24 RRHs for voice 3G1x, 24 RRHs for data transmission EV-DO and the required number of RRHs for the guided hard-handover- service, called the beacon feature, can be connected to a summing GES. For detailed information concerning summing modes please refer to section 3.5. 3.3.3 Number of RRH for beacon ClearFill®Star system is capable to guide hard handovers from the outdoor macro carriers to the indoor carrier and vice versa reaching similar handover success rates as the soft handover in CDMA. The guided hard handover is supported by implementing a set of beacon RRHs at each entrance area. A set of beacon RRHs consists of one RRH for the macro frequencies (installed inside the entrance) and one RRH for the indoor frequencies (located at the outside close to the door area). Beacon RRHs can be connected without any impact on the maximum number of RRHs that can get connected to a summing switch. RRH can generate up to 7 pilot beacon signals to support the hard handover. The beacon signals are generated alternatively to the mobile signal coverage function. For further information, please refer to chapter3.5. 3.3.4 Number of BSI The BSI is the interface between BTS and Ethernet Infrastructure. Its function is in downlink to digitize and packet according to Ethernet standard the RF signal of the base station. For the uplink the BSI translates the digitized packet stream back to RF. A summing function is included in the BSI, which sums the UL data streams of several RRHs. The BSI is supporting voice or data service. A Twin-BSI can support 1 carrier voice and 1 carrier data or 2 carriers for each service (2 carriers for voice OR 2 carriers for data). The number of BSIs depends on the capacity requirement; one single BSI can handle one carrier. See Figure 15 and Figure 16 for typical BSI configurations.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 33 of 152 3.3.4.1 Example 1 for Twin BSI configuration 1 carrier for data and 1 carrier for voice:  1 carrier CDMA 1900 3G1X AND  1 carrier CDMA 1900 EV-DO Figure 15 Example 1 for Twin-BSI configuration Twin BSI configuration for 2 carriers/each service:  2 carriers CDMA 1900 3G1X OR  2 carriers CDMA 1900 EV-DO Figure 16 Example 2 for Twin-BSI configuration
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 34 of 152 3.3.5 Number of GES The Gigabit Ethernet switch supports the functionality of the Remote Radio Heads and the NMS. All GES-settings are controlled and realized via NMS. The GES provides Power over Ethernet (POE) to the RRHs and the BSI. The GES can handle RRHs supporting voice, data and beacon service and BSI’s. Up to 12 Ethernet ports are available at the GES. Ports 11 and 12 can be used as optical ports, by using these ports only ports 1 to 10 can be used for an Ethernet based connection. The optical ports of the GES can be used to overcome the Ethernet based distance limitation of 100m (330ft) for cascaded Gigabit Ethernet switches (tier 2 level, …) and/or the NMS. Figure 17 GES front view Ethernet ports 1-10 (RJ-45 type) are for connection of:  3G1x from/to BSI  EVDO from/to BSI  NMS  RRHs for 3G1x  RRHs for EVDO  RRHs for Beacon Ethernet ports 11 and 12 are meant to connect GES to:  Tier 2/TierX Gigabit Ethernet Switches  NMS Optical ports (SFP type), can be used alternatively to Ethernet Port 11 and 12, for connection of:  Gigabit Ethernet Switches  NMS The system structure for the GES and RRHs should be designed as a star hierarchy, so that each RRHs is connected to the main (Tier1) GES through the same number of GES. Data, voice and beacon RRHs can be mixed at the cascaded GES. The last cascade needs one Ethernet port for the connection to the next GES (in topology). This ensures that 11 Ethernet ports can be used for the RRHs. Up to 16 RRHs for each service (data or voice) can be connected to a single BSI. The Tier1 or main GES will act as the central point for all switches and the NMS, it is called root switch.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 35 of 152 The number of GES depends on the RRH quantity and can be affected by distance. A good design is to place a GES in a central location within a group of RRHs (up to 11 RRHs, because one port is needed for the connection to the next GES). This minimizes the distance to each RRH. It is essential that the Ethernet cable length of 100m (330ft) is not exceeded. RRH Summing for Uplink: A summing function is included in the RRH, it sums the UL data streams for data or voice of up to 8 RRHs of the same GES. Beacon RRHs are not affected. When all GES ports are connected with the maximum number of RRHs for a service, the maximum number of summing RRHs for data or voice is 2. A cascaded structure can support up to 8 summing RRHs per service or sector. The next pages show examples for the system structure of GES and RRHs:
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 36 of 152 3.3.5.1 ClearFill®Star example configuration 1 for PCS1900:  1 Carrier 3G1x (Voice)  1 Carrier EV-DO (Data)  1 Entrance covered with Beacon feature  Area to be covered (typical for office) 2,500sqm (25,000 sqft) Figure 18 ClearFill®Star setup example 1
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 37 of 152 3.3.5.2 ClearFill®Star example configuration 2 for PCS1900  1 Carrier 3G1x (Voice)  1 Carrier EV-DO (Data)  1 Entrance covered with Beacon feature  Area to be covered (office) 10,000sqm (100,000 sqft) (4 RRH with 2,500sqm/each) Figure 19 ClearFill®Star setup example 2
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 38 of 152 3.3.5.3 ClearFill®Star example configuration 3 PCS1900  Max configuration for 1 GES  1 Carrier 3G1x (Voice)  Area to be covered (typical for open office) 25,000sqm (250,000 sqft)  (10 RRHs with 2,500sqm/each (25,000 sqft/each)) Figure 20 ClearFill®Star setup example 3
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 39 of 152 3.3.5.4 ClearFill®Star example configuration 4 for PCS1900  2 Carriers 3G1x (Voice)  2 Carriers EV-DO (Data)  Area to be covered (typical for open office) 10,000sqm (100,000 sqft)  Carrier allocation Figure 21 ClearFill®Star setup example 4
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 40 of 152 3.3.5.5 ClearFill®Star example configuration 5 for PCS1900  1 Carrier 3G1x (Voice)  1 Carrier EV-DO (Data)  2 Entrances covered by Beacon feature  Area to be covered (typical for open office) 20,000sqm (200,000 sqft)  (8 RRHs/each service with 2,500 sqm/each (25,000 sqft/each)) Figure 22 ClearFill®Star setup example 5
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 41 of 152 3.4 Estimated RF Coverage per RRH 3.4.1 Propagation Model (Free Space Loss) A simplified model is used to calculate the propagation losses for in- and outdoor environments. Free-space propagation conditions are assumed. Obstacles penetrated in direction of transmission are causing additional RF losses. Due to relatively short ranges in buildings, line-of-sight conditions can be assumed which are interrupted by obstacles. Consequently, impact of scattering is neglected. That leads to a fading model in which the logarithmic normal portion is only to representing shadowing effects. The Raleigh fading for non-line-of-sight conditions is deliberately ignored to simplify the model. The propagation losses are calculated with the formula below: Losses [dB] = 32.4 + 20 * log10 (Frequency [GHz]) + PC * 10 * log10 (Distance[m]) + Wall losses [dB] + fading margin [dB] PC: propagation coefficient The propagation coefficient PC is dependant on the building itself and has to be adapted in order to meet the building topology. Estimates of PC are shown in Table 4.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 42 of 152 Environment Description PC Low-Band < 1GHz PC High-Band > 1GHz Free Space Corridor 2.0 2.0 Open: With very few RF obstacles Parking Garage, Convention Center 3.37 3.01 Moderatly Open: With low to medium amount of RF obstacles Warehouse, Airport, Manufacturing 3.5 3.2 Mildly Dense: With medium to high amount of RF obstacles Retail, Office Space with approx. 80% cubes and 20% hard-walled offices 3.61 3.31 Moderately Dense: With medium to high amount of RF obstacles Office Space with approx. 50 % cubes and 50 % hard-walled offices 3.76 3.48 Dense: With high amount of RF obstacles Hospital, Office Space with approx. 20% cubes and 80 % hard-walled offices 3.94 3.81 Table 4 Examples for Propagation Coefficient (source: Wireless Valley) 3.4.1.1 Free Space Path Loss For free space propagation loss the formula defined in section 3.4.1 can be used. Wall losses can be removed from the formula and the propagation constant has to be chosen to be 2. This model can be basically chosen for open indoor environments like rural areas.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 43 of 152 3.4.1.2 In-Building Path Loss For in-building applications, the PC has to be chosen correctly as already mentioned above. In addition to free space propagation, additional wall losses have to be introduced. Guidelines for different kind of wall types are presented in Table 5. Attenuation / frequency -------------- Costructional element Attenuation @900 MHz Attenuation @1850 MHz Attenuation @2400 MHz Attenuation @5000 MHz Basement or foundation wall 13 dB 14 dB 15 dB 15 dB Brick, concrete and concrete block 13 dB 14 dB 15 dB 15 dB Cubicle wall 1 dB 1.5 dB 2 dB 2 dB Drywall or sheetrorck 2 dB 2.5 dB 3 dB 3 dB Elevator or metallic obstacle 5 dB 8 dB 10 dB 10 dB Glass door or window, no tint 2 dB 2.5 dB 3 dB 3 dB Metallic rack 6 dB 6 dB 6 dB 6 dB Wooden door 2 dB 2.5 dB 3 dB 3 dB Table 5 RF losses due to physical obstacles (Reference: Wireless Valley)
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 44 of 152 3.4.2 Power Level Estimation (Link Budget) This section describes the calculation of the expected UL and DL reception power levels. For this sample investigation a standard model of an area of 50 x 50 sqm (25,000 sqft) (resulting in a coverage radius of 34m (110 ft)) has been chosen to provide coverage and capacity for. The model to calculate the propagation losses in indoor environments is described in section 3.4.1. In areas blocked by walls the simplified model is extended for non-line-of-sight conditions that cause Rayleigh fading. These conditions request an extended margin of 11dB. The propagation model assumptions are summarized in Table 6 Propagation Parameters Cell PCS Propagation Free space Free space Wall loss 13 14 Fading loss (NLOS) 11 11 Fading loss (LOS) 6 6 Table 6 Propagation Parameters
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 45 of 152 3.4.2.1 Downlink A coverage radius of a RRH in DL is calculated to be 28 m assuming 14 dBm composite output power of the RRH, a composite reception level of -85 dBm at 95 % reception probability at the handheld and the above given propagation model. RRH Output Power Level 14.0 dBm CPICH Power Level 7.0 dBm RRH Antenna Gain 0.0 dBm CPICH EIRP 0.0 dBm Frequency 1950.00 MHz min. Distance max Distance RRH Antenna Height 3.50 m Fading Margin 2.00 dB 6.00 dB Body Loss 3.00 dB Slope Factor 2.00 2.20 Wall Loss 0,00 dB 13.00 dB Mobile Antenna Gain 0.00 dB Mobile Antenna Height 1.50 m Nominal Reception Power Level (CPICH) --- -85.00 dBm Reception Power Level / min. Distance -42.26 dBm Max. Distance 27.77 Coverage area per antenna 2422.14 m2 Path Loss 92.00 dB Table 7 Downlink Parameters
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 46 of 152 3.4.2.2 Uplink For the mobile, the output power and dynamic range was assumed as shown in Table 8. Cell GSM-850 PCS GSM-1900 Maximum mobile output power 27 dBm 33 dBm 23 dBm 30 dBm Minimum mobile output power -50 dBm 5 dBm -50 dBm 0 dBm Mobile Antenna loss -6 dBi -6 dBi -6 dBi -6 dBi Body loss 2 dB 2 dB 2 dB 2 dB Mobile dynamic 77 dB 28 dBm 73 dB 30 dB Table 8 Power levels of mobiles The schematic scenario for calculation of the UL dynamic range is illustrated in Figure 23 Scenario for UL reception power level calculation . BTS ClearFill.Star1System DynamicMobile DynamicCoverage Radius Figure 23 Scenario for UL reception power level calculation
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 47 of 152 The calculation result for the UL reception power levels is summarized in Table 9. Cell PCS Distance handheld RRH 2.5 m 34 m 2.5 m 34 m Reception level with max power at handheld -18dBm -67dBm -29dBm -79dBm Reception level with min power at handheld -95dBm -144dBm -102dBm -152dBm GSM-850 GSM-1900 Distance handheld RRH 2.5 m 6.5 m 34 m 2.5 m 34 m Reception level with max power at handheld -12 dBm -20 dBm -61 dBm -22 dBm -72 dBm Reception level with min power at handheld -40 dBm -48 dBm -89 dBm -52 dBm -102 dBm Table 9 Reception power levels for ClearFill®Star-CDMA 6.5m correspond to a distance at which a GSM mobile produce an input power level of –20dBm to the system (when transmitting at maximum power level). For this calculated distance no fading effects and wall losses have been considered. In CDMA systems all mobiles are controlled via BTS to generate the same power level at the BTS in UL. Assuming a mobile at maximum coverage radius, the maximum expected input power level ClearFill®Star system is –67 dBm for CELL and –79 dBm for PCS under listed conditions of Table 6 Propagation Parameters and Table 9. Full data rates in UL are requested at Rx levels of –67 dBm for CELL and –79 dBm for PCS. 3.4.2.3 Noise The absolute minimum UL input power level is defined by the sensitivity of the system. Assuming a channel bandwidth of 1.25MHz, a noise figure of 12 dB and a min. required signal to noise ratio of 13.5 dB, the sensitivity of the system is calculated to be –87.,5 dBm. This represents the minimum input power level that can be transmitted by ClearFill®Star system (supporting SNR of 13.5dB) and that can be processed by a BTS.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 48 of 152 3.4.3 Link Loss (Coverage distance) Indoor Losses by propagation coefficients 900 MHZ50,060,070,080,090,0100,0110,0120,010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Distance / mLoss / dB23,373,53,613,943,76 Figure 24 Indoor Loss for Different Building Types at 900 MHz Indoor Losses by propagation coefficients 1900 MHZ50,060,070,080,090,0100,0110,0120,010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Distance / mLoss / dB23,013,23,313,813,48 Figure 25 Indoor Loss for Different Building Types at 1900 MHz 3.4.4 Only one direct connected antenna (in preparation) 3.4.5 Examples of Coverage Estimates (in preparation) 3.5 Right-sizing - the beacon feature (in preparation) 3.6 Capacity demand - number for BSIs (in preparation)
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 49 of 152 3.7 System Architecture 3.7.1 Rules from the Ethernet World 3.7.1.1 CAT5 lengths Maximum CAT5 (or higher) cable length is 100 m (300 ft). 3.7.1.2 Optical lengths Maximum length of the multi mode fibers is 550 m (1650 ft) 3.7.1.3 Cascade Rules:  Up to 4 Levels, including the main switch connected to the BSI.  It is mandatory that all RRHs have same number of switches on the signal path to the BSI. This is applicable for each VLAN.  Per switch a RRH is automatically assigned for the summing of up to 8 RRHs.  The maximum number of RRH (summing or not), connected to one GES is limited to 8. For higher numbers, PoE limitations may apply.  The total number of RRH per BSI is limited to 16. 3.7.2 Gigabit Ethernet Switch 3.7.2.1 Layer Layer 2 in the physical layer model 3.7.2.2 Cascade Rules:  Up to 4 Levels, including the main switch connected to the BSI.  It is mandatory that all RRHs have same number of switches on the signal path to the BSI. This is applicable for each VLAN.  Per switch a RRH is assigned for the summing of up to 8 RRHs. In case more than 8 are connected to an individual switch there will be 2 RRHs dedicated for the summing.  This should be avoided for the time being. Typical use case is 2 VLANs on the switch (not more than 8 RRHs per VLAN per Switch).  The maximum number of RRH (summing or not), connected to one BSI is limited to 8.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 50 of 152 3.7.3 Example system architecture 3.7.4 System feeding Adding Capacity by Growing Sectors on In-Building Solutions with ClearFill®Star: Unlike in the Macro Network, it is recommended that capacity be grown by adding sectors to the in-building system. The reason for this is increasing the number of sectors improves the ability to locate users within a building. Also, adding sectors to a ClearFill®Star System is less expensive than adding carriers. Identifying the position of a user in a building is done by determining which base station sector is serving them. So by adding sectors, you are able to more accurately determine where a user is within a building or campus. Each Base Station Interface (BSI) handles one sector and one carrier. Each Remote Radio Head (RRH) handles one sector and one carrier. Each Point of Intercept (POI) handles a carrier. Obviously to add either a carrier or a sector the base station needs additional equipment. The base station for ClearFill®Star doesn’t need amplifiers or filters, but still has MCR (Radio) and URC (Radio Controller) and CMU (Channel Elements). If a sector is added to increase capacity, then while a POI is not needed, a BSI, MCR and CMU is needed. If a carrier is added to increase capacity, an MCR is not needed, but a POI, BSI and CMU is needed. So the difference between adding a sector rather than adding a carrier is the need for a MCR (when adding a sector) versus the need for a POI (when adding a carrier). The additional sectors help to pinpoint end user location within the building. The need for a URC depends on the base station’s total number of carriers. A URC does not need to be added when a sector is added. A benefit of ClearFill®Star lies in its ability to use software to define the building or campus area covered by a sector, or by a carrier. The CFS Network Management System can change, via its GUI, which sector is radiated by any of the RRHs and/or what carrier is radiated. So as capacity needs change within the building or campus, the coverage footprint of individual sectors or individual carriers may be modified. 3.7.4.1 POI RFS offers RF Point-of-Interconnect devices (POIs) to ease the RF connectivity (splitting / combining / RF leveling) between BSI and BTS. The POI allows RF leveling by manually switchable attenuators to set:  Nominal RF input power (downlink, forward) into the BSI (-57dBm)  The signal into the BTS (uplink, reverse) For example: The POI RFS CFS-POI-S1S2-819 (19” rack mount passive device) accepts a simplexed (forward, reverse separate connectors) 850 or 1900 band signal and splits it into two simplexed signals to connect with two BSIs (so-called twin BSI 19" rack). The 1900 MHz version RFS CFS-POI-S1S2-19 accepts a simplexed (forward, reverse separate
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 51 of 152 connectors), 1900 MHz band signal and splits it into two simplexed signals to connect to two BSIs. Each BSI has simplexed (forward, reverse separate) RF connectivity (two connectors per band class). Each BSI is a single carrier device (by configuration) but is capable to accept a multiple RF carrier signal: The BSI discerns (by configuration) the specific RF carrier which it shall convert to Ethernet. If two in-band (e.g. 1900) carriers are present (typically 1x EV-DO, 1x voice indoors), two BSIs (one twin BSI with 2 independent BSIs) are needed. For CDMA, there is only one type of (RF dualband) BSI which can handle either, 850 or PCS signals. The BSI has two pairs of (simplex) connectors per band class (850 and 1900). The system configuration (via CFS NMS) will set each BSI, making it operate either in 850 or 1900, and either 3G-1X or EVDO. RF levels at interface BTS and ClearFill®Star: Downlink (BTS to POI): POI Input Power 0 dBm +/- 6 dB BSI Input Power is – 57 dBm POI attenuator setting so that BSI level is kept Uplink (POI to BTS): BSI output noise – 38.5 dBm at max gain , -51.5 dBm at min gain. BSI output power (carrier @ full loading and max. gain): -4 dBm POI attenuator setting nominal 49, up to 63 dB in 1 dB steps. BTS Input noise level is -87.5 to -101.5 dBm (at max. gain) 3.7.4.2 Caution - system delay As every type of distributed system, ClearFill®Star introduces considerable system delays (latency) which need to be considered for proper setting of BTS parameters (e.g. search window). Delay times are dependent from the specific system topology. Approximate values for system delay times are: Downlink (BSI to RRH): 67.0 micro seconds (e.g. simple topology, 2 GES layers) 71.5 microseconds (e.g. typical topology, 3 GES layers) 75.0 microseconds (e.g. complex topology, 4 GES layers) Uplink (RRH to BSI): 130 microseconds (e.g. simple topology, 2 GES layers) 131 microseconds (e.g. typical topology, 3 GES layers) 132 microseconds (e.g. complex topology, 4 GES layers)
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 52 of 152 4 System Installation 4.1 General 4.1.1 Safety Considerations PTFE and PTFE Composite Materials: Materials should never be heated to the point where smoke or fumes are evolved. Any person feeling drowsy after coming into contact with PTFE, especially dust or fumes should seek medical attention. 4.1.2 Packing List Each unit comes with a packing list. Please check the completeness of each unit and contact RFS directly to claim any missing parts. Each unit comes with required installation material for normal installation. In case, special mounting places are foreseen (e.g. false ceilings or wooden walls), the special mounting accessory is not part of the RFS delivery and has to be provided locally. It is absolutely essential to document the system topology and the system setup. Please write down during the installation:  MAC address of every RRH and BSI  Connected ports of every GES and devices they are connected to  Sector each installed device is meant to operate in 4.1.3 Health and Safety Warnings  The installation may only be carried out by qualified personnel that are familiar with the hazards involved and the relevant statutory regulations.  Read and obey all warning labels attached to the unit and in the manuals. Make sure that the warning labels are kept in a legible condition and replace any missing or damaged labels.  In the United States: Obey all Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OHSA) regulations relating to work on high voltage installations, as well as regulations covering correct use of tools and personal protective equipment. Outside the US, please observe the local legal instructions concerning Safety and Health.  Keep user handbook within easy reach and make them available to all users.  It is the responsibility of the network provider to implement prevention measures to avoid health hazards which may be associated to radiation from antennas connected to any unit.  Use this equipment only for purpose specified by RFS. Do not carry out any modifications or fit any spare parts which are not sold or recommended by RFS. This could cause fires, electric shock, or other injuries.  Make sure the network element settings are according to the intended use (see also product information of RFS) and regulatory requirements are met.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 53 of 152 4.1.4 Installation Locations and requirements All RFS ClearFill®Star units are designed to be installed indoors. The RFS ClearFill®Star equipment operates over CAT5, CAT-5E or CAT6 cable of type unshielded twisted pair (UTP), foiled twisted pair (FTP) or screened twisted pair (ScTP), with shielded RJ-45 connectors; or Single-mode fiber (SMF) or multi-mode fiber (MMF) cable with SC/APC fiber connectors throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels. All above named cables are widely used industry standards for Local Area Networks (LANs). The regulations and guidelines for ClearFill®Star cable installation are identical to those specified by the TIA/EIA 568-A standard and the TIA/EIA/IS-729 supplement for LANs. RFS recommends plenum-rated Cat-5E/6 ScTP and fiber cable and connectors for conformity to building codes and standards. In order to meet FCC and CE Mark emissions requirements, the Cat-5E/6 cables must be screened (ScTP) and it must be grounded using shielded RJ-45 connectors at both ends. 4.1.5 Recommended Tools/Installation Incidentals  Cable ties  Phillips screwdriver  7-inch lb. torch wrench  Drill  Fiber connector cleaning kit  Fusion splicer  Splicing tool kit (including: snips, cladding strippers, fiber cleaver, isopropyl alcohol,  lint-free wipes)  Fusion splicing sleeves  Fiber cleaning supplies: compressed air, isopropyl alcohol, lint-free cloths 2.5mm lint-free, foam tipped swabs  Compressed air 4.1.6 Accessories to be provided locally For NMS Server (CFS-NMS-1):  Monitor (VGA)  Keyboard (PS2 or USB)  Mouse (PS2 or USB)  power cord, if different from US  For each GBit Ethernet Switch (CFS-GES-1): LAN cable to NMS LAN cable for each BS Interface:
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 54 of 152 4.2 System Installation (Hardware Installation) The following has to be carefully observed during installation, because most of the following issues are the cause of malfunctions:  Faulty cabling/connector  Dirty connectors and ports  Malfunction of one or more components  Antenna, base station, or repeater problem  External RF interface  Tripped circuit breaker  Equipment is not grounded Faulty cabling is the cause of a majority of problems. All Cat-5E/6 cable should be tested to TIA/EIA 568-A specifications.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 55 of 152 4.3 Installation Radio Remote Head (RRH) Before beginning the installation of the RRH, all RF cables (if applicable) and Ethernet cables should be installed. Please follow the general procedure for installing the RRH as it is described below. It is important that the above installation instructions are followed in the sequence presented to ensure a correct and save installation. 1. Transport the RRH to the installation site in its packaging. 2. Remove the RRH from its packaging and check for obvious signs of physical damage. If unit is physically damaged do not proceed with the installation. 3. Check the packing for completeness according to the packing list. 4. Take the metallic holder for the RRH and us it as a template to mark the three drilling holes at the designated mounting place. 5. The provided dowels in the accessories kit are suitable for installation in indoor areas (closed spaces) only and for following wall constructions: - Concrete - Pre-stressed hollow-core concrete slabs - Natural stone with dense structure - Solid brick - Sand-lime solid brick - Solid block made from lightweight concrete - Air Crete - Solid panel made from gypsum - Hollow block made from lightweight concrete - Slabs made of perforated bricks - Hollow concrete blocks etc. In case the provided dowels do not fit, special fixing material has to be used. It has to be ensured that the wall fixings are adequate for a total weight of more than 1.4 lbs (600 g). 6. Drill the holes to which the holder is to be fitted. 7. If the afore mentioned wall/roof construction is given, mount the holder with appropriate dowels/screws to its place and mount the RRH onto the holder by sliding it onto the holder. Check the firm fastening. 8. Connect the antenna or a DAS to the output port of the RRH. The connection cable between RRH and antenna has to be < 3 m (< 10 ft). The orientation of the antenna shall be vertical. 9. To complete the installation, connect the LAN cable to the RJ45-port of the RRH. 10. For rack-mount or desk-mount installations of the RRH, use the self-adhesive rubber bumpers.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 56 of 152 4.4 Installation Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES) GES is designed to be mounted into a 19” rack. Remove the GES from its packaging and check for obvious signs of physical damage. If the unit is physically damaged do not proceed with the installation. Check the packing for completeness according to the packing list. To mount the GES to a rack, the angles that are delivered with the accessory kit have to be fixed to the housing. Voltage of mains must 115/230 VAC ± 10%. Connect the mains cord (from the accessory kit) to the rear connector of the GES and install the GES at its designated place within the rack. Interconnection of the GESs Use IP ports 11 and 12 to connect the GES with other GESs. Port 11 and 12 are identical to SFP ports 1 and 2. Use either IP port 11 OR SFP port 1. Use either IP port 12 OR SFP port 2. After the physical setup has been performed and the BSIs and RRHs have been connected to the GES, the IP setup can be done. This is described in section 4.7.3. 4.5 Installation Base Station Interface (BSI) BSI is designed to be mounted into a 19” rack. Remove the BSI from its packaging and check for obvious signs of physical damage. If the unit is physically damaged do not proceed with the installation. Check the packing to completeness according to the packing list. The BSI is ready to be installed directly at its designated place into the rack using the accessories from the accessory kit. The BSI is power supplied via Ethernet (PoE), but there is also an external power supply available, input voltage 90 – 264 VAC, output voltage 48VDC. 4.6 Installation NMS Server (Hardware) Remove Network Management System Server for ClearFill®Star (CFS-NMS-1) from its packaging and check for obvious signs of physical damage. If the unit is physically damaged do not proceed with the installation. Check the packing to completeness according to the packing list. Install the NMS Server into a 19” rack. Connect a monitor, a keyboard, and a mouse (to be provided locally) to the server using the appropriate interfaces on the front side. Voltage of mains must be 115/230 VAC ± 10%. Connect the server at the rear side to mains (cable to be provided locally). Connect the server via its LAN connector (RJ45 on the front side) to the GBit Ethernet Switch (CFS-GES-1) with a LAN cable (to be provided locally). The CFS-NMS-1 installation is completed now.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 57 of 152 4.7 Commissioning of NMS After all steps above have been done the NMS server can be started. The elements of the system should be started (supplied with power) in this sequence:  NMS server  Root Switches (+BSI)  Access Switches (RRHs are also started due to PoE) 4.7.1 Start of NMS Server 1. Press left most red button on front panel of NMS server until the fan power led starts to glow (green led). 2. The windows operating system starts. The NMS server application and all necessary services are started automatically in the background. This is done even before user login. The server is operational now. Login is done in this chapter only to check if all devices have been discovered correctly by NMS, usually the user login is only necessary to change system settings. 3. This first run is only meant to check if all devices have been found. 4. The operating system prompts for a password. Default password is: nmsadmin. 4.7.2 BTS – ClearFill®Star Integration Refer to Section System Design, subsection POI, for appropriate RF levels and system delay times. 4.7.3 Commissioning of ClearFill®Star via NMS This chapter describes only how to use the NMS server to check if all devices have been connected correctly. The NMS server and the client application and the correct setup are described in later chapters.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 58 of 152 4.7.3.1 IP Address Configuration First of all the IP configuration has to be done for the whole network. The GES are set to fixed IP addresses, the BSIs and RRHs are using dynamic IP addresses. The NMS server is running a DHCP server to provide the dynamic IP participants with IP addresses. All GES are delivered with the same default IP address: 192.168.1.1. Because of that the GESs have to be switched on one after another. Every time a new switch has been switched on it has to get assigned a unique fixed IP address. RFS recommends using switch addresses between 192.168.1.20 – 192.168.1.50, but users are free to choose the fixed addresses according to their specific setups. Procedure to set a fixed address to a GES 1. Open Microsoft Internet Explorer. 2. Enter the address “http://192.168.1.1” in the address window. 3. Login to the switch by using Username: admin Password: admin Figure 26 GES Login Menu 4. Click on System in the left-hand sides menu. 5. Click on IP in the opening sub menu.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 59 of 152 Figure 27 GES IP Configuration Menu 6. Leave DHCP setting to “Disable” (by drop down menu). 7. set IP address to the desired value (unique IP address within the network). 8. Set Subnet Mask to: 255.255.255.0 9. Set Default Gateway to: 192.168.1.4 (default address of NMS server) 10. Leave DNS server to: 0.0.0.0 11. Click on Apply. 12. Click on Reboot in left hand side menu. 13. Click on “Save and Reboot” in the right hand side window. Repeat this procedure with every GES in the network. Start with the switch that is closest to the BSIs (root switch) and follow the network topology to the GES that has the longest topological distance to the BSI (access switches). After following this IP setup the GESs should have their own individual IP addresses.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 60 of 152 4.7.3.2 SNMP Configuration of GES The Switches have to communicate via SNMP with the NMS server. This chapter shows how to setup a GES for SNMP support. Procedure to set a GES to support SNMP: 1. Open Microsoft Internet Explorer. 2. Enter the address “http://192.168.1.1” in the address window. 3. Login to the switch by using Username: admin Password: admin 4. Click on SNMP in the left-hand sides menu. See Figure 28for the SNMP menu that appears. 5. Set SNMP to: enable 6. Set Get Community to: public 7. Set Set Community to: private, Enable 8. Set Trap Host 1 IP Address to: 192.168.1.4; 162; public 9. Click on Apply . 10. Click on Reboot on the left hand side menu. 11. Click on “Save and Reboot” in the left hand side menu. Repeat this procedure with every GES in the network. Start with the switch that is closest to the BSIs (root switch) and follow the network topology to the GES that has the longest topological distance to the BSI (access switches). After following this procedure all GES are ready for SNMP usage. Figure 28 GES SNMP configuration menu
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 61 of 152 4.7.3.3 STP configuration of GES The ClearFill®Star system uses the spanning tree protocol. It has to be activated in every GES. Procedure to set a GES to support STP: 1. Open Microsoft Internet Explorer. 2. Enter the address “http://192.168.1.1” in the address window. 3. Login to the switch by using Username: admin Password: admin 4. Click on STP in the left-hand sides menu. 5. Click on the appearing sub menu Configuration, see Figure 29 for the STP menu that appears. 6. Set “Spanning Tree Protocol” to: enable (via drop down menu). 7. Set Bridge Priority to: a. 36864 for an access switch (switch that is not directly connected to a BSI) b. 4096 for a root switch 8. Set Hello Time to: 1 9. Set Max.Age to: 6 10. Set Forward Delay to: 4 11. Set Force Version to: RSTP (via drop down menu) 12. Click on Apply. 13. Click on Reboot on the left hand side menu. 14. Click on “Save and Reboot” in the left hand side menu. Repeat this procedure with every GES in the network. Start with the switch that is closest to the BSIs (root switch) and follow the network topology to the GES that has the longest topological distance to the BSI (access switches). After following this procedure all GES are ready for STP usage. Figure 29 GES STP configuration menu
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 62 of 152 4.7.3.4 VLAN Configuration of GES The ClearFill®Star system uses the tag based VLAN mode. There are three different tags used in the ClearFill®Star network:  NMS  Voice  Data The three tags have to be configured in every GES. Also the support of every VLAN port has to be setup for every port of the GES. Therefore it is mandatory that a good documentation of the installed hardware is available. It should have been created during the hardware installation process (see section 4.2). For every GES it has to be known  Which ClearFill®Star network elements are connected to which port?  Which sector are the network elements supposed to be operating in? The VLAN tags are chosen to reflect the sector. Procedure to set a GES to support STP: 1. Open Microsoft Internet Explorer. 2. Enter the address “http://192.168.1.1” in the address window. 3. Login to the switch by using Username: admin Password: admin 4. Click on VLAN in the left hand side menu. 5. Click on VLAN Mode in the appearing submenu. 6. Select Tag-Based in the upper drop down menu. 7. Click on Apply. 8. Click on Tag-based Group in the left hand side menu. 9. Select default: VLAN tag 10. Click on Edit. 11. Set VLAN Name to: NMS 12. Set VID to: 1 13. Set SYM-VLAN to: Enable (via drop down menu) 14. Set GVRP Propagation to: Disable (via drop down menu) 15. Activate: every port (1-12) 16. Click on Apply.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 63 of 152 Figure 30 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu for NMS 17. Click on Add. 18. Set VLAN Name to: Voice 19. Set VID to: 2 20. Set SYM-VLAN to: Enable (via drop down menu) 21. Set GVRP Propagation to: Disable (via drop down menu) 22. Activate every port that is connected to a device that is going to operate within the voice sector and activate ports 11 and 12. The last two ports are needed to route the information through the cascaded GESs. 23. Click on Apply.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 64 of 152 Figure 31 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu for Voice 24. Click on Add. 25. Set VLAN Name to: Data 26. Set VID to: 3 27. Set SYM-VLAN to: Enable (via drop down menu) 28. Set GVRP Propagation to: Disable (via drop down menu) 29. Activate every port that is connected to a device that is going to operate within the data sector and activate ports 11 and 12. The last two ports are needed to route the information through the cascaded GESs. 30. Click on Apply.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 65 of 152 Figure 32 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu for Data Figure 33 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu 31. Click on VLAN on the left hand side menu 32. Click on the sub menu Tag Rule
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 66 of 152 Figure 34 GES VLAN Tag Rule menu 33. Configure each port for of the GES according to its specific use. 34. Mark each port by clicking on the appropriate line and than click on Edit. Figure 35 VLAN Tag Rule Edit Menu 35. Afterwards set the Role drop down menu according to the use of the port: a. Ports that are used for the connection of an RRH or a BSI are set to “Hybrid”. b. Ports that are used to connect the NMS/PC are set to: “Access”. c. Ports that are used for the interconnection of GES are set to: “Trunk”.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 67 of 152 36. All other fields are set to default values: a. PVID = “1” b. Rule 1 = “disable” c. Rule 2 = “disable” d. “Untag VID” = “1” 37. To finish and store the GES configuration click on Reboot on the left hand side menu. 38. Click on “Save and Reboot” in the left hand side menu. Repeat this procedure with every GES in the network. Start with the switch that is closest to the BSIs (root switch) and follow the network topology to the GES that has the longest topological distance to the BSI (access switches). After following this procedure all GES are ready for VLAN tag usage. 4.7.3.5 Start NMS server for a first check Please use keyboard and monitor attached to the started NMS server (see 4.7.1-Start of NMS Server). 1. The operating system prompts for a password. Default password is: nmsadmin. After first login please change password according to corporate security guidelines. 2. Start the WEB NMS Launcher by clicking on the appropriate icon. 3. The NMS server is running an automatic device discovery routine. This routine should have automatically detected all devices within approximately 30 min. Please wait until discovery has finished and all elements of your topology are displayed. 4. Click on “Application Client” within the appearing Web NMS Launcher window (see Figure 36 Web NMS Launcher). The client is started.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 68 of 152 Figure 36 Web NMS Launcher Window 5. User is quoted for a password, default user name is “root”, default password is “public” (see Figure 37 ClearFill®Star authentication). After first login please change password according to corporate security guidelines. Figure 37 ClearFill®Star authentication 6. The client application appears. Open the Network Maps View (left side of screen), click on “Switches”. In the appearing menu all GES switches that have been installed before should be shown (see Figure 38). If not consult the network administrator.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 69 of 152 Figure 38 Network Map – Switches 7. Open the Uncofigured RRH / BSI Nodes View. It should contain all RRH and BSI nodes that were installed before (see Figure 39). If not consult the network administrator.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 70 of 152 Figure 39 Network Map – Unconfigured RRH / BSI Nodes 4.7.4 System optimization In preparation
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 71 of 152 5 NMS Overview 5.1 Introduction The ClearFill®Star Application Client presents the system management information in two different approaches. The first approach is the visual representation of the network elements in the form of graphical maps, which capture the topological or geographical organization of these elements. The second approach is an easy-to-access dynamic data representation with tables that list the aspects that are managed by ClearFill®Star NMS. The managed aspects are:  Fault management  Performance management  Provisioning 5.2 Starting the NMS After having installed all hardware mechanically, switch on the NMS Server. When the display shows the WindowsXP® start window, enter as the initial password: nmsadmin. It is strongly recommended to change the password according to corporate security guidelines. As the server is normally not connected to the Internet, the windows update function is disabled. It is up to the customer, to secure the network against potential viruses etc. RFS is not responsible for any faults arising from a virus attack against the server. 5.2.1 IP address setup The IP addresses of the GES can be setup statically or dynamically. The disadvantage of static IP is that IP addresses must be setup individually. Dynamic IP addresses are also supported by the GBit switches. The procedure to set the IP addresses (dynamically or statically) is described in section 4.4.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 72 of 152 5.3 Tools and Utilities of NMS server This chapter describes the tools and utilities that are installed on the NMS server on delivery. 5.3.1 The Web NMS Launcher The Web NMS Launcher is the central interface to start the NMS Application Client or any other RFS tool or utility. It is started by clicking on Web NMS Launcher icon which is placed on the windows desktop. See Figure 40 for the Web NMS Launcher window. Figure 40 Web NMS Launcher window The following sub menus are to be seen:  Start ClearFill NMS Server This button starts the NMS application  Application Client This button initializes the NMS client  Applet Client For expert Modus  Shutdown ClearFill NMS Server This button will shut down the NMS System  WEB NMS IDE For expert Modus
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 73 of 152  Simulations and Browsers For expert Modus  Administrator Tools For expert Modus  Reinitialize ClearFill NMS Will clear all data bases and the log files on the server.  Utilities This button opens a sub menu with the following Icons: o Back Navigate back to the main menu o LDAP Client For expert Modus o Configuration File Checker For expert Modus o ObjectToRelational For expert Modus o Menu Configurator For expert Modus o I18N Editor For expert Modus o Discovery Configurator To discover the nodes on the network correctly, it is necessary to setup the network discovery when starting the NMS software the first time. Open “Utilities” and open up the “Discovery Configurator”.  Start ClearFill NMS Server To start the NMS, double-click on the icon. In the lower window, the task in progress will be displayed and an additional window (Apache) is opened. This window is to be minimized. When “Please connect your client to the web server on port 9090” is displayed, double-click the icon “Application Client” to start the client.  Application Client Starting Double clicking this icon will start the NMS. When the applications client is started, the log in window will appear (see section 5.3.3). 5.3.2 Discovery Configurator After starting the Discovery Configurator via the Web NMS Launcher (see section 5.3.1, submenu utilities) a multi tabbed window opens, initially displaying the General tab.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 74 of 152 5.3.2.1 General Tab Figure 41 Discovery Configurator – General Tab In the General tab, the following options are available. Activate or deactivate them by clicking on the check mark symbol next to them.  AutoDiscovery NMS does automatically add each node on the specified network  Rediscover Already Discovered Enable the NMS to rediscover nodes that have already been discovered to check for status changes.  Discover LocalNet NMS to discover nodes attached directly to the NMS server.  Enable Log Enable creation of log file
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 75 of 152 Further more there are two buttons in the General Tab:  Initial Parameters Allows the user to manually define the parameters by which the NMS discovers the nodes on the network with respect to the following Discovery interval: o Rediscovery interval o ICMP Ping retries o SNMP Timeout o SNMP Retries o NativePing Timeout o NativePing Retries  Rediscovery Open the Rediscovery Scheduler which allows the user to setup rediscovery at regular intervals, specific dates or days of the week. 5.3.2.2 Protocol Tab In the Protocol tab, the protocols to use for communicating with the devices on the network are to be set. SNMP is the default the only supported protocol for the ClearFill NMS. 5.3.2.3 Network Discovery Tab Figure 42 Discovery Configurator - Network Discovery tab
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 76 of 152 In the Network Discovery tab, following options are available:  Network to search Checkmark each network to search for ClearFill Star Elements in the Discover column.  Discover o Entire Network For a complete discovery. This may take about 30 minutes o Set of Nodes Define a range of IP addresses to be searched with net mask, the start IP and end IP  DHCP  SNMP o SNMP Properties 5.3.2.4 Node Discovery Tab The Node Discovery tab allows the user to add single nodes manually. This may also be done in the Application Client, which is covered later on. 5.3.2.5 Criteria Tab The Criteria tab allows the user to further define which nodes are added to the NMS based on following criteria:  Property Name  Property Value
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 77 of 152 5.3.3 ClearFill Star Client Login Window Upon startup of the ClearFill Star Client, the login window appears. The user is asked to enter a user ID and password to log in to the system. Figure 43 Login Screen Default account: Username: root Password: public And click “Connect” There is also an option to login remotely, that option is described in section 7. The remote options are accessible via the Advanced button, which is ignored in this section.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 78 of 152 5.3.4 Logs Window Upon start-up of the Application Client the Logs window appears. This window displays general information on the current system and will display feedback from the NMS with regard to actions and services. It also displays system error messages. Figure 44 Logs Window
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 79 of 152 5.4 Main Window of NMS Application Client (structure) The ClearFill®Star Application Client is the main tool to configure and maintain the ClearFill®Star System. It is started via the Web NMS Launcher (see section 5.3.1). After having started the NMS Client, two main windows appear:  The Application Client with the default display for the Network Maps  The Logs window (see section 5.3.4) Figure 45 Application Client Screen Layout The Application Client has the classic Windows style, three pane look and feel with following elements:  Menu Bar  Display Pane  Tree Pane  Alarm Summary Pane
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 80 of 152 5.4.1 The Menu Bar The menu bar is placed at the top edge of the display area. The menu bar differs from screen to screen based on the functions and also based on privileges of logged in user. For instance, the Fault Management module has additional menu items for users with administrator rights, such as Actions and Custom Views. But certain menu items, also available for users with standard rights. 5.4.2 The Tree Pane The Tree Pane contains different nodes that unfold when clicking on the node name or on the plus sign in front of the node name. The upper most node is called Applications, it contains these applications with following sub nodes:  Network Maps o Switches o Non-CFS Objects o CFS Objects o Unconfigured RRH/BSI Node(s) o Failed Systems o Configured RRF/BSI Node(s)  Fault Management o Network Events o Alarms  Provisioning o Templates o Activity List  Network Database o Networks o Nodes o Interfaces o Switches o ClearFill Star BSI o ClearFill Star RRH  SNMP Tools o MIB Manager o SNMP V3 Security The displayed nodes are visible when logged in user has administrator rights. Some of them are not visible when user has less user privileges. Each of these nodes and their sub nodes are explained in the following sections.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 81 of 152 5.4.3 The Display Pane The display pane is on the right-side of the Application Client window and appears as a window within the main window. This panel shows details of the tree node that is selected in the tree pane (see section 5.4.2). If for example Fault Management and on one of the appearing nodes is selected in Tree Pane (like Network Events or Alarms), the information of the selected node is shown in the Display pane. 5.4.4 The Alarm Summary Pane The Alarm Count panel shows an overview of the current alarms, sorted by their severity (major, minor, critical, etc.). The Alarm Count panel is located below the Application Client Tree Panel (left-hand side). Clicking on an alarm count of a specific severity displays the corresponding Alarm panel. This panel is updated automatically and in view any time, independent of the functional view. 5.5 The NMS client functionality This chapter describes the functionality of the ClearFill Star Application Client. The way how to navigate to these applications and their sub nodes is described in section 5.4.2 5.5.1 Network Maps The ClearFill NMS server automatically discovers ClearFill®Star network elements. All discovered network elements are presented parallel in two different formats: Maps and Databases. Network Maps are a graphical presentation, whereas Network Databases are textual (lists). In general the same functions are accessible with both formats, but in certain situations one format may turn out to be more convenient than the other. This is highly dependant on the task to do and the user preferences. This section explains the ClearFill®Star maps and the operations that can be performed with Network Maps. See section 5.5.4 for the Network Database explanations. Select Network Maps in the tree view pane. While only the main node is selected the view on the right-hand pane is blank (an image), but in the tree view on the left hand pane these nodes are selectable.  Switches  Non-CFS Objects  CFS Objects  Unconfigured RRH/BSI Node(s)  Failed Systems  Configured RRH/BSI Node(s)
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 82 of 152 5.5.1.1 Switches Each discovered switch is presented as a schematic image of a switch front panel. Figure 46 shows an example of the switch view (with two switches in the network). Figure 46 Switches Every single port on the schematic switch drawing is either orange (no connection detected) or green (connected). In the lower left corned the IP address of the switch is visible.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 83 of 152 5.5.1.2 Non-CFS Objects Objects that have been found on the network and do not match the ClearFill®Star criteria are listed in the Non-ClearFill Objects tab. These objects may include the following: NMS appliance NMS Client Routers Printers PC and any other network device Figure 47 shows an example of a map view for Non-ClearFill objects: Figure 47 Map View for Non ClearFill devices
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 84 of 152 5.5.1.3 CFS Objects Objects that meet the ClearFill®Star criteria are listed under ClearFill Objects. Listed devices include:  BSI  RRH  Switches Each node is presented with these features in every map view:  IP Address  Online / Offline status (Active / Failed) Figure 48 shows an example of a map view with ClearFill®Star objects. Figure 48 ClearFill®Star objects map
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 85 of 152 5.5.1.4 Unconfigured RRH/BSI Node(s) This map displays all BSIs and RRHs that are not configured for any sector. Devices shown in this map have their sector id set to zero. See Figure 49 for an example view. Figure 49 Unconfigured Devices Map
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 86 of 152 5.5.1.5 Failed Systems This map shows graphically each failed ClearFill®Star element on the network. Figure 50 shows an example for the failed nodes map view. Figure 50 Failed Systems map
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 87 of 152 5.5.1.6 Configured RRH/BSI Node(s) The configured RRH/BSI nodes view shows all devices that are already configured. See Figure 51 for a map view of the configured ClearFill®Star devices. Devices are considered to be configured when the sector id is configured to be unequal zero. Figure 51 Configured BSIs and RRHs map view
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 88 of 152 5.5.2 Fault Management 5.5.2.1 Network Events All network events are logged. They are displayed in the network events tab. See Figure 52 for an example for the network events view. The background color of each event informs users of the nature of the event. Figure 52 Network events view
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 89 of 152 5.5.2.2 Alarms All Alarms are logged and displayed in the Alarms view. See Figure 53 for an example alarms view. Figure 53 Alarms view
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 90 of 152 5.5.3 Provisioning 5.5.3.1 Templates The provisioning tab contains the template collection to provision the ClearFill®Star network elements. The lists of templates available to the user are as follows:  AddClearFillObj  DeviceConfig  FirmwareDownload  RemoveSector  SectorConfiguration  SectorPilotConfiguration See Figure 54 for an example of the provisioning templates view. Figure 54 Templates Display Panel
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 91 of 152 Invoking Provisioning Templates Click on the Provisioning tab Click on the templates child tab. A table of templates will appear in the Display Panel as in the screen shot above. Perform any of the following procedures to start the execution of a template:  Right-click a row on the table and select Provision  Double-click a row on the table  Click a row in the table and from the Templates menu, choose Provision  Click a row in the table and press Shift + Ctrl + P 5.5.3.1.1 Add Clear Fill Object The AddClearFillObj provisioning template can be used to add a ClearFill Object which was not discovered during the discovery process or which was added to the network after discovery had finished. Double click the template name to start procedure and follow this walk through. See Figure 55 for the AddClearFillObj template. Figure 55 AddClearFillObj provisioning template Enter the IP address and NetMask of the Node to be added to the ClearFill®Star network. Click on Next button to add the node to the NMS. It will appear in its relevant Network Map shortly after the window has closed.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 92 of 152 5.5.3.1.2 Device Configuration The DeviceConfig provisioning template allows the user to setup ClearFill®Star elements with a standard default template. See Figure 56 for an example screen shoot. Double click on the template name and follow this walk through. Figure 56 DeviceConfig provisioning template Enter the name of the file to be used for the provisioning. The provisioning file must be in the TFTP directory of NMS server. Use the check boxes behind ‘Start Configuration’ and ‘Finish Configuration’ to enable or disable the notifications at the beginning and end of the provisioning loops. The template will then request which RRHs and BSI’s are to be configured. RRHs and BSIs must be configured separately as they require different template files.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 93 of 152 5.5.3.1.3 Firmware Download The firmware download template is used to update ClearFill®Star network elements. See Figure 57 for an example screen shoot. Figure 57 Firmware download template
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 94 of 152 5.5.3.1.4 Remove Sector The remove sector template is used to remove the sector from a ClearFill®Star network. This may be done the first time the system is started or later if the sector configurations have to get changed. Double click on the template name and follow the walk through instructions to remove a sector. Figure 58 Remove Sector step 1 Step 1: Enter sector identification with by name or by number. Use the drop down list (identify sector) to choose whether the entered sector identification is a sector name or a sector number.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 95 of 152 Figure 59 Remove Sector step 2 Step 2: All devices that belong to the sector are listed. Click on Remove Sector button to remove the configured sector information from the listed devices and thus clear the sector.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 96 of 152 Figure 60 Remove Sector step 3 Step 3: Finally all removed devices are listed. All tasks that had to be done to remove the sector are listed. The status of each task is also listed. If any task is not in state successful the sector has not been completely removed. Any trouble reports have to be solved before a new sector is configured.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 97 of 152 5.5.3.1.5 SectorConfiguration The sector configuration template is used to setup new sector. All devices that are supposed to belong to a sector are selected from a list. Afterwards the sector information is written to every selected device. There are three types of sectors:  Voice (sometimes including pilot beacons)  Data  Pilot beacon. This template is used to setup voice and data sectors. It is also used to configure voice sectors that include one or more pilot beacons. The sectors that provide only pilot beacon functionality are configured with template SectorPilotConfiguration. Please follow this walk through to configure a voice or a data sector. Figure 61 SectorConfiguration template step 1
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 98 of 152 Enter:  Sector Name (usually Voice or Data)  Sector Number (2 for Data, 3 for Voice)  Frequency Band  Channel Number  Base Station PN Offset  Service Type (Voice or Data) Click on next to continue the setup. Figure 62 SectorConfiguration template step 2 Select  BSI of sector  BSI auto start Click Next to continue setup
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 99 of 152 Figure 63 SectorConfiguration template step 3 Select:  RRHs for sector  RRH TX Power  RX Gain  RRH Auto Start A data sector configuration is finished with this step. Add Provision to get directly to step 5. When configuring a voice sector it is possible to continue with the configuration of a pilot beacon from here. Click on Select Pilot Nodes for Sector to continue with pilot beacon selection (step 4).
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 100 of 152 Figure 64 SectorConfiguration template step 4 Select the RRH to be configured for pilot beacon use. Click on Provision to finish the sector configuration.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 101 of 152 Figure 65 SectorConfiguration template step 5 The final screen of the sector configuration shows if the sector configuration has been executed successfully. Any failed steps are listed here.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 102 of 152 5.5.3.1.6 SectorPilotConfiguration This template is used to configure sectors that provide pilot beacon only functionality. Follow this walkthrough to configure an RRH for pilot beacon use. Figure 66 SectorPilotConfiguration template step 1 Step 1: Enter  Sector Name  Sector Number  Frequency Band  Channel Number  Base Station PN Offset
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 103 of 152 Figure 67 SectorPilotConfiguration template step 2 Step 2:  Select BSI for the sector  Enter BSI Auto Start
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 104 of 152 Figure 68 SectorPilotConfiguration template step 3 Step 3:  Select Pilot Beacon RRHs.  Click on Provision Pilot Sector to finish setup of pilot beacon. 5.5.3.2 Activity List Every activity is stored in the activity list. It can be used to verify if provisioning was successful. It is possible to view results by double clicking on item and then again by double clicking on the specific task. Results can also be monitored in the Logs Window. Figure 69 Activity List
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 105 of 152 5.5.4 Network Database The Network Database view works in much the same way as the Network Maps view except the format which is textual instead of graphical. The Network Maps (graphical format) are described in section 5.5.1. Click on Application Network Database in the tree pane (left-hand side). Following sub nodes appear:  Networks  Nodes  Interfaces  Switches  ClearFill Star BSI  ClearFill Star RRH The following chapters describe each of those sub nodes. 5.5.4.1 Networks The Networks view shows all networks that are connected to the NMS server. Right clicking on any network in the right-hand window brings up the network right click menu (see chapter 5.6.3). In right-click menu it is possible to stop and restart the node discovery. The current status of the network discovery is shown in the list view as status value (see Figure 70) . Figure 70 Network Database Network View
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 106 of 152 The meaning of each value is: 1 = Discovery Yet to Begin 2 = Discovery in Progress 3 = Discovery Finished 4 = Discovery Disabled 5.5.4.2 Nodes This view is used for the node configuration. Nodes can be configured both in the Network Maps and in the Network Database view. Both support the configuration menus that are accessed via right click on the node to be configured. 5.5.4.3 Interfaces All interfaces are displayed and can be managed 5.5.4.4 Switches All switches are displayed and can be managed 5.5.4.5 ClearFill Star BSI All BSIs are displayed and can be managed 5.5.4.6 ClearFill Star RRH All RRHs are displayed and can be managed 5.5.5 SNMP Tools For expert mode only! 5.5.5.1 MIB Manager For expert mode only! 5.5.5.2 SNMP V3 Security For expert mode only! 5.6 Right Click Menus The menus to access for example configuration features are usually hidden to keep the screen from being too crowded by rarely used icons. The device specific configuration features are displayed by right clicking on the device to configure. This is done identically in the Network Database and Network Maps view. The appearing menus are device specific.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 107 of 152 5.6.1 RRH/BSI Right-Click Options For the RRH,BSI and summing nodes, the right click menus are as follows: Figure 71 RRH/BSI Right Click Menu  Managed Object Properties This menu allows the user to edit the managed object properties.  Delete Object and Traces This menu allows the user to delete a node’s object and traces in the NMS.  Events And Alarms Clicking on Events and Alarms shows the following screen for the node.  Configuration This menu leads to RRH Configuration (section 5.6.3) or BSI Configuration (section 5.8), depending on what kind of device has been selected with the previous right click.  UnManage This option allows the user to unmanage the selected node from the NMS.  Update Status This option refreshes the selected node’s status.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 108 of 152 5.6.2 Switch Right-Click Menu Right clicking on any switch shows the following menu. Each option opens its respective window. Figure 72 Switch Right Click Menu  Managed Object Properties This menu allows the user to edit the managed object properties.  Delete Object and Traces This menu allows the user to delete a node’s object and traces in the NMS.  HTTP Device Opens an HTTP connection to the switch, the standard browser of the system is started in an extra window.  Telnet To Device A telnet session to the switch is opened.  Interfaces An extra window with the switch interfaces is opened.  IpNetToMedia Table The IP Net To Media table is opened in an extra window.  Events and Alarms Open an extra window to display all active events and alerts of this switch.  UnManage This option allows the user to unmanage the selected node from the NMS.  Update Status This option refreshes the selected node’s status. The Switch Status screen can be seen below. From this screen, it is possible to see which ports are active and inactive as well as their respective locations, IP addresses and their status.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 109 of 152 5.6.3 Network Right-Click Menu In the Network application, it is possible to stop and restart the node discovery application by clicking on the Networks view in the Application Client window as seen below. Right click on the desired network and select either ‘Stop Discovery’ or ‘Start Discovery’ in the context menu. Figure 73 Network right-click menu with stop option Figure 74 Network right-click menu with start option The Discovery Status is displayed in the Network view under ‘Disc Status’. The meaning of each value is: 1 = Discovery Yet to Begin 2 = Discovery in Progress 3 = Discovery Finished 4 = Discovery Disabled
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 110 of 152 5.7 RRH Configuration The RRH Configuration screen is accessed via the right click menu. Click on an RRH unit in Network Maps or Network Database view and select Configuration->RRH Configuration. Follow this walkthrough to setup an RRH unit. The upper half of the configuration screen shows the IP address, the running status (online or offline) and the MAC address of the device to be configured. Press Read Device to update the screen by reading the device again. There are also two error indicators:  RF packet loss  SYNC The frame should be green to indicate flawless operation. The frame turns red in case of an error condition. The lower half of the configuration screen is divided into four tabs, the general configuration, the pilot beacon configuration, the sector configuration and the status. Figure 75 RRH General Configuration Tab
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 111 of 152 In the general configuration tab it is possible to set:  System location  System contact  Host Name  TX power (dBm)  RX Gain Figure 76 RRH Pilot Beacon Configuration Tab In the pilot beacon setup menu it is possible to set:  The number of pilot frequencies (use the drop down menu in the lower left corner)  7 pilot frequency windows, depending on the number that has been selected in the drop down menu these are grayed out (unused) or white (settable)  RRH PN Offset  BTS PN Offset
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 112 of 152 Figure 77 RRH Sector Configuration Tab The sector configuration tab consists of:  Sector Name  Band  BSI Node MAC  Dest MAC  Sector Number  Channel  Delay in micro seconds
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 113 of 152 Figure 78 RRH Status Tab The status menu consists of:  RF Output Power  RX Channel Power  EEPROM Check Status  GP Bad Frame Error Count  Packet Drop Count  Missing Sample Count  Bad CDMA Packet Count
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 114 of 152 5.8 BSI Configuration The BSI Configuration screen is accessed via the right click menu. Click on a BSI unit in Network Maps or Network Database view and select Configuration->BSI Configuration. Follow this walk through to setup a BSI unit. The upper half of the configuration screen shows the IP address, the running status (online or offline) and the MAC address of the device to be configured. Press Read Device to update the screen by reading the device again. There are also two error indicators:  RF packet loss  SYNC The frame should be green to indicate flawless operation. The frame turns red in case of an error condition. The lower half of the configuration screen is divided into two tabs, the general configuration and the sector configuration. Figure 79 BSI Configuration General Tab In the General Configuration Tab it is possible to set:  The system location  System contact  Host name
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 115 of 152 Figure 80 BSI Configuration Sector Tab In the sector configuration tab it is possible to see the current setting of  Sector name  Sector number  Band  Channel  Delay in micro seconds 5.8.1 Fault Management All events (traps) and alarms in a network are shown in the Fault Management applications. These sub nodes are accessible when fault management application has been selected in the tree view.  Network Events  Alarms These options are available for both views:  Search for Events  Save Events  Export Events  Print Events
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 116 of 152 5.8.1.1.1 Event search options The search option is designed to look for a particular event within the Network Event list. The search operation is performed in the database and is not restricted to the events that are currently visible in the Application Client panel. To search for an event do one of the following actions while in Network Events view:  From Edit menu, choose Search.  From the toolbar, click Find button.  Press Ctrl+F. Figure 81 Search Window After opening the search window there is one line with a criteria to be defined visible. Two drop down menus are available to select a column to search through (Status, Source, Date or Message) and the criteria to look for. In the text box the user has to enter a search pattern to look for. After this search pattern has been configured another search criteria can be added by clicking the More button. The Fewer button removes a previously added search criteria. In the lower right corner there is the option: ‘Match any of the following’. If the checkbox is activated any messages that match any of the previously defined criteria are listed as the search result. If the checkbox is not set the search results includes only messages that match ALL defined search criteria. The search results are displayed in the right hand window that contained all network events before. To show all events again (not just the search results) click the ‘Show all’ button in the upper right corner.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 117 of 152 5.8.1.2 Event save option The save option is used to save the current range of events displayed in the Event Viewer. The events are saved by following one of these steps:  Perform any of the following procedures.  From Actions menu, choose Save to File.  In the toolbar, click Save.  Press Ctrl+I.  The Properties dialog box is displayed.  Enter the file name in File Name field.  Click Save File. A status message is displayed. 5.8.1.3 Export Event The Export Events option is used to save the Event Custom View data as a CSV (comma-separated values) file on the ClearFill®Star NMS server. An Option is provided to export the entire Custom View data or only the data that is currently displayed in the Custom View. To export the events follow these steps:  From Actions menu, choose Export Events. The Export Data dialog box is displayed.  Choose the desired option from the radio buttons Export Entire Custom View Data or Export Displayed Data.  Enter the file name in File name field.  Click Export. A status message is displayed. The exported custom view data is saved in the home directory. 5.8.1.4 Print Event The Print option can be used to print the current range of events displayed in the Event Viewer. To print events follow these steps  Perform any of the following procedures.  From Actions menu, choose Print.  In the toolbar, click Print button.  Press Ctrl+P. The current range of events in the Event Viewer is printed.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 118 of 152 5.8.1.4.1 Network Event View Click Network Events display node in the tree. The network events are displayed in an Event Viewer on the display panel, see screen shot below. Figure 82 Event Viewer All events are displayed in the Event Viewer. Each row in the table depicts an event. The events can be sorted by column (Status, Source, Date or Message) in ascending or descending alphabetical order. Click on the column title to be used for sorting. An arrow appears that shows if the order is ascending (arrow turned upwards) or descending (arrow turned downwards). To view more event details do one of the following actions in the Network Events view:  Click a row in the table and from View menu, choose Details.  Right-click a row in the table and choose Details.  Click a row in the table and press Alt+D.  Double-click a row in the table
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 119 of 152 5.8.1.4.2 Alarms View In the alarms view a history of alarms is listed. To view only related alarms for only one device you may change to the Event viewer and proceed with these steps:  Open the Event Viewer.  Click a row whereby you select an event.  Perform any of the following procedures.  From View menu, choose Alarms.  Right-click the row and choose Alarms.  Press Ctrl+L. Alarm Viewer with only the alarms related to the selected event is displayed.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 120 of 152 6 Configuration Management 6.1 Introduction The ClearFill®Star Application Client is the graphical user interface for the configuration management it is running on the ClearFill®Star NMS server or it is running remotely connected to the NMS server. The configuration management is done with the ClearFill®Star Application Client. It is used to configure the elements of the ClearFill®Star network. See chapter 5 for an overview of this tool. 6.2 Change settings and system parameters All ClearFill®Star network elements are configured with the ClearFill®Star Application Client. The procedure is usually to use a template assistant to configure a sector. The sector configuration creates logical groups of network elements. The element specific fine tuning is done after the sector configuration for each individual network element. 6.2.1 Sector configuration The sector configuration should be done before any device specific setting is performed. The sector configuration is defining the logical groups of ClearFill®Star elements that work with the same carrier. The sector configuration is done with a provisioning template. There is a step by step walk through in section 5.5.3.1.5. Please follow this template for every sector to be configured once. In case of any uncompleted sectorization, failure, or cancellation by user, please remove all elements (see section 5.5.3.1.4 Remove Sector). 6.2.2 RRH The following RRH functions are controlled via NMS Server: 6.2.2.1 Setting of TX Power The TX Power is set in the RRH Configuration menu. It is described in section 5.6.1. 6.2.2.2 Setting of Rx Gain The RX Gain is set in the RRH Configuration menu. It is described in section 5.6.1. Note: End-to-End gain in uplink is RX-Gain + 5dB. 6.2.2.3 Setting of channel allocation The setting is done automatically by VLAN selection. 6.2.2.4 Summing function activation and deactivation The setting is done automatically, no user interaction is necessary.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 121 of 152 6.2.2.5 Pilot beacon generation and set-up The pilot beacon is configured in the RRH Configuration menu. It is described in section 5.6.1. 6.2.2.6 Switching between CELL and PCS band The switching between CELL and PCS band is done only once during initial sector configuration. The sector configuration is described in chapter 6.2.1. To change the band from CELL to PCS or vice versa the sector has to be cleared by using the template described in section 5.5.3.1.4. Afterwards the sector configuration has to be redone with updated band values. 6.2.2.7 Assignment to a BTS sector The Assignment of RRHs to a BSI is done during the sector configuration. The sector configuration is described in chapter 6.2.1. To change the relation between RRHs and BSI the sector has to be cleared by using the template described in section 5.5.3.1.4. Afterwards the sector configuration has to be redone with updated BTS sector. 6.2.2.8 Beacon The beacon functionality is configurable within the RRH configuration menu. It is described in section 5.6.1. 6.2.2.9 Power-off of RRH The RRH is supplied by the PoE functionality. The switch off can be done via the GES. This is done by following procedure:  Use ClearFill®Star Application Client.  Change to the menu Application->Network Maps->Switches.  Right click on the switch that is supplying the RRH with power.  Click on HTTP device. The browser will open automatically, showing the HTTP menu of the switch.  Login with: o Username : admin o Password: admin  Click in the left hand menu on PoE.  Click in the opening sub menu on PoE Configuration. An overview of all ports of the GES opens.  Look for port number that is supplying RRH with power.  Select first drop down list in the relating row.  Select Disable.  Click Apply button (bottom of screen), power is turned off now.  Select drop down menu again.  Select Enable.  Click Apply button again, power is turned on again, RRH reboots.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 122 of 152 6.2.3 GES The GES is configurable over an own HTTP menu. This menu can be reached by simply opening a browser (e.g. Microsoft Internet Explorer) and entering an “http://” followed by the IP address of the GES. It is also accessible by using the ClearFill®Star Application Client. And change to the menu Application->Network Maps->Switches. Right click on the switch symbol and select (HTTP device). The browser will open automatically, showing the HTTP menu of the switch. To set up the GES for ClearFill®Star operation please follow the initial installation guide as described in section 4.4 Installation Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES). The use of other settings is not advisable. 6.2.4 BSI The following BSI functions are controlled via NMS: 6.2.4.1 Channel allocation The channel allocation is done only once during initial sector configuration. The sector configuration is described in chapter 6.2.1. To change the channel allocation the sector has to be cleared by using the template described in section 5.5.3.1.4. Afterwards the sector configuration has to be redone with updated channel data. 6.2.4.2 Assignment to a BTS sector (VLAN setting) The assignment to a BTS sector is done only once during initial sector configuration. The sector configuration is described in chapter 6.2.1. To change the assignment to a BTS sector the sector has to be cleared by using the template described in section 5.5.3.1.4. Afterwards the sector configuration has to be redone with updated channel data. 6.2.4.3 Summing function activation and deactivation The setting is done automatically, no user interaction is necessary. 6.2.4.4 Switching between CELL and PCS band The switching between CELL and PCS band is done only once during initial sector configuration. The sector configuration is described in chapter 6.2.1. To change the band from CELL to PCS or vice versa the sector has to be cleared by using the template described in section 5.5.3.1.4. Afterwards the sector configuration has to be redone with updated band values.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 123 of 152 6.2.4.5 Switch off the BSI. The BSI is power supplied by the PoE functionality or an external power supply. When it is supplied over an external power supply the switch off has to be done manually by disconnecting (or switching off) the external power source. When the BSI is supplied by the PoE functionality the switch off can be done via the GES. This is done by following procedure:  Use ClearFill®Star Application Client.  Change to the menu Application->Network Maps->Switches.  Right click on the switch that is supplying the BSI with power.  Click on HTTP device. The browser will open automatically, showing the HTTP menu of the switch.  Login with: o Username : admin o Password: admin  Click in the left hand menu on PoE.  Click in the opening sub menu on PoE Configuration. An overview of all ports of the GES opens.  Look for port number that is supplying BSI with power.  Select first drop down list in the relating row.  Select Disable.  Click Apply button (bottom of screen), power is turned off now.  Select drop down menu again.  Select Enable.  Click Apply button again, power is turned on, BSI reboots.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 124 of 152 7 System Supervision 7.1 Introduction The system supervision is done by the NMS Server. It stores all events and alarms that are detected within the ClearFill®Star network. 7.2 Supervision GUI The ClearFill®Star Application Client is the graphical user interface for the system supervision. See chapter 5 for an overview of this tool. See chapter 5.8.1 for a detailed explanation of the fault management mechanisms. 7.3 Alarms and faults structure Alarms are classified by severity. The severity classes are also associated with a color. The alarm severity is in ascending order:  Clear  Warning  Minor  Major  Critical 7.4 Alarm description and their possible causes This section describes the monitor- and control functionality of BSI and RRH.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 125 of 152 7.4.1 BSI The following functions are monitored and communicated to the NMS:  Ambient temperature inside BSI (An alarm is generated when threshold is exceeded.)  Status of synchronization to BTS (An alarm is generated when synchronization is lost.)  Received RF power level in downlink (input signal within selected channel bandwidth)  RF Packet loss  Running status  IP connectivity Local LED indication of BSI status (see Figure 41): Status LED Description of Function OK Failure 1 Green State LED A blinking state indicates that the processor is operational. The LED also flashes in response to the NMS flash attention LEDs command (used to identify a particular node in the network). A static state (ON or OFF) indicates that the processor is no longer operating correctly, a power-cycle is required to recover from this state. Blinking / Flash Off / On (Static) 2 Amber Warning LED. This LED flashes in response to the NMS flash attention LEDs command (used to identify a particular node in the network). Flash N/A 3 Red Error LED. Indicates a processor boot failure. When the node is powered-up this LED blinks and then remains off. If the processor fails to successfully execute it’s internal boot sequence on power-up the LED remains on. Off On / Blinking 4 Green Link Status LED. When the node has successfully negotiated 1000BASE-T full duplex mode this LED is on. LED off state indicates that the negotiating failed, or the link is down. The node only supports 1000BASE-T operation. On Off 5 Orange Link Transmit LED. This LED is on when the node is transmitting Ethernet data. Blinking / On / Off N/A Table 10 LED indications at RRH
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 126 of 152 7.4.2 RRH The following functions are monitored and communicated to the NMS:  DL output power level (composite).  Ambient temperature inside RRH (Threshold is configurable via NMS. An alarm is generated when threshold is exceeded.)  Power consumption of RRH (Threshold is configurable via NMS. An alarm is generated when threshold is exceeded. This information is provided to the NMS by the GES (PoE functionality).)  Status of synchronization to BSI  UL input power level & Protective circuits  RF Packet loss  Running status  IP connectivity The following information are reported to the NMS  Interferer protection active / inactive  AGC active / inactive (The threshold of the AGC is defined by the gain setting of the RRH.)  Input signal power level within selected CDMA channel  Data reception status (signalizes that the RRH receives Ethernet packets from GES). Locally LED indication of RRH status (see Figure 41):
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 127 of 152 Status LED Description of Function OK Failure 1 Green State LED A blinking state indicates that the processor is operational. This LED also flashes in response to the NMS flash attention LEDs command (used to identify a particular node in the network). A static state (ON or OFF) indicates that the processor is no longer operating correctly, a power-cycle is required to recover from this state. Blinking / Flash Off / On (Static)2 Amber Warning LED. This LED flashes in response to the NMS flash attention LEDs command (used to identify a particular node in the network). Flash N/A 3 Red Error LED. Indicates a processor boot failure. When the node is powered-up this LED blinks and then remains off. If the processor fails to successfully execute it’s internal boot sequence on power-up the LED remains on. Off On / Blinking 4 Green Link Status LED. When the node has successfully negotiated 1000BASE-T full duplex mode this LED is on. LED off state indicates that the negotiating failed, or the link is down. The node only supports 1000BASE-T operation. On Off 5 Orange Link Transmit LED. This LED illuminates when the node is transmitting Ethernet data. Blinking / On / Off N/A Table 11 LED indication at BSI
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 128 of 152 Ethernet connector LED4 Reset button LED1 LED2 LED3 LED5 Figure 83 Schematic illustration of local RRH interfaces 7.5 Alarm management (graphics, analysis etc.) In preparation 7.6 External alarm routing In preparation
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 129 of 152 8 Remote Management and Supervision When starting the ClearFill Star Client, the login window appears. The user is asked to enter a User ID and Password to log in to the system. Username: root Password: public And click “Connect” There is also an option to login remotely, that option is described in section 7. Figure 84 Advanced Login Screen Remote login To login remotely to the application client, it is necessary to specify the IP address of the host. Instead of ‘localhost’, enter the IP address of the NMS server. It may be necessary to specify a different port address. The default port number is ‘9090’. Possible implementations for the remote management are:  Dial up modem  Data packet modem  External alarm connection The setup of those connections has to be done by the local network administrator.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 130 of 152 9 Operational used cases/Maintenance 9.1 Introduction This chapter provides instructions for the most common use cases. It also provides instructions on how to contact RFS in case of hardware defects. 9.2 Swap faulty devices Please contact RFS in case of broken hardware. The procedure for contacting RFS is described in section RFS Maintenance Services. The following swap procedures assume that a new or repaired device is already available to be swapped. 9.2.1 Swap RRH Swapping procedure for an RRH: 1. Disconnect old RRH from GES. 2. Remove old RRH from wall mounting. 3. Write down MAC address of new RRH and update it in your local setup documentation. 4. Attach new RRH to wall. 5. Connect RRH to GES at same port that the old RRH was connected to. 6. Start ClearFill Star Application Client. 7. Run template AddClearFillObj (see section 5.5.3.1.1) to add the RRH to the network database. 8. Delete sector of old RRH with template RemoveSector (see section 5.5.3.1.4). 9. Reconfigure sector by running template SectorConfiguration (see section 5.5.3.1.5). 10. Fine tune RRH by using the RRH configuration menu (see section 6.2.2). 9.2.2 Swap GES Before the GES is swapped write down all the parameters of the old GES (as long as they are still accessible). Swapping procedure: 1. Disconnect all cables from the old GES. 2. Connect all cables to the same ports as before at the new GES. 3. As soon as the GES is powered enter the switch menu (see section 4.2) and change the default IP address (192.168.1.1.) to the address that was previously used by the old GES. (Change to the IP menu on the left hand side, Change the IP address and click to apply). 4. Configure VLAN, STP and SNMP settings as described in section 4.2.. 5. Click to Reboot menu on the left hand side and click to “Save and Reboot”.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 131 of 152 9.2.3 Swap BSI Swapping procedure for a BSI: 1. Disconnect all cables from old BSI. 2. Remove old BSI from rack. 3. Write down MAC address of new BSI and update it in your local setup documentation. 4. Put new BSI into the rack. 5. Connect all cables that were connected to the old BSI to the new BSI. Use exactly the same ports as before. Start ClearFill Star Application Client. 6. Run template AddClearFillObj (see section 5.5.3.1.1) to add the BSI to the network database. 7. Delete sector of old with template RemoveSector (see section 5.5.3.1.4). 8. Reconfigure sector by running template SectorConfiguration (see section 5.5.3.1.5). 9.2.4 Swap NMS Swap procedure: 1. Shutdown old NMS server. 2. Unplug all cables from old NMS server. 3. Replace server in rack with new NMS server. 4. Connect all cables to the new server to the same ports they were connected to in the old server. 5. Start new server. 6. Start Application Client (see section 5.3.3). 7. Run discovery procedure (see section 5.3.2). 9.3 Add RRH Adding procedure for an RRH: 1. Write down MAC address of new RRH and update it in your local setup documentation. 2. Attach new RRH to wall. 3. Connect RRH to a free port at GES. 4. Start ClearFill Star Application Client. 5. Run template AddClearFillObj (see section 5.5.3.1.1) to add the RRH to the network database. 6. If the RRH is supposed to be added to an existing sector: Delete sector with template RemoveSector (see section 5.5.3.1.4). 7. Reconfigure sector by running template SectorConfiguration (see section 5.5.3.1.5), include the new RRH in the list of devices for the sector. 8. Fine tune RRH by using the RRH configuration menu (see section 6.2.2). 9.4 Move RRH If an RRH is moved locally to improve coverage, no IP parameters have to be changed. But it might be necessary to adjust the TX power and the RX Gain might have to get adjusted. This is done via the RRH configuration menu. See section 6.2.2.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 132 of 152 9.5 Change RRH sector allocation A sector allocation cannot be changed. The only way to change it is to delete the existing sector and configure a new sector. Changing procedure for the sector allocation of an RRH: 1. Start ClearFill Star Application Client. 2. Delete old sector with template RemoveSector (see section 5.5.3.1.4). 3. Reconfigure sector by running template SectorConfiguration (see section 5.5.3.1.5). 9.6 Reset RRH and BSI BSIs that are power supplied over an external power supply have to be manually reset by disconnecting (or switching off) the external power source. The BSIs and the RRHs that are power supplied over the PoE functionality can be reset via the GES. This is done by following procedure:  Use ClearFill®Star Application Client.  Change to the menu Application->Network Maps->Switches.  Right click on the switch that is supplying the BSI with power.  Click on HTTP device. The browser will open automatically, showing the HTTP menu of the switch.  Login with: o Username : admin o Password: admin  Click in the left hand menu on PoE.  Click in the opening sub menu on PoE Configuration. An overview of all ports of the GES opens.  Look for port number that is supplying BS/RRHI with power.  Select first drop down list in the relating row.  Select Disable.  Click on Apply button (bottom of screen), power is turned off now  Select drop down menu again.  Select Enable.  Click Apply button again, power is turned back on, BSI/RRH reboots.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 133 of 152 9.7 Maintenance 9.7.1 Introduction The RFS product line comprises all necessary products to design and build a complete end to end solution for providing RF coverage and best Quality of Service to confined areas as buildings and tunnels. Partly this portfolio consists of active elements like ClearFill®Star system. The following chapters describe the maintenance services (also called after sales services) defined to support the customer in the operation and maintenance of RFS Solutions. 9.7.2 Firmware Update New firmware will be available on the RFS Webpage under: www.RFSWorld.com/... (in preparation) Please check regularly the availability of new firmware for your products. In case, load it down to a memory stick and copy it to the NMS Server. 9.7.2.1 Firmware Update for GES In preparation 9.7.2.2 Firmware Update for RHH In preparation 9.7.2.3 Firmware Update for BSI In preparation
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 134 of 152 9.8 Warranty All active (as well as passive) products of the RFS portfolio are coming with a standard warranty period of 12 months. This warranty can be extended by paying an additional warranty fee. 9.8.1 RFS Maintenance Services Note: The following chapters 9.8.1 – 9.8.4 are general information only. For Alcatel-Lucent customers: To obtain technical support, documentation and training or to submit feedback: The Alcatel-Lucent Online Customer Support (OLCS) website: http://support.alcatel-lucent.com provides access to technical support, related documentation, and related training and feedback tools. The site also provides account registration for new users. 9.8.1.1 Maintenance services within warranty: The following after sales services are part of the standard warranty:  Welcome Center  Repair  SW maintenance releases 9.8.1.2 Extended warranty services: Extended warranty services are services which are not covered under the “standard” warranty and therefore have to be purchased separately. Typical extended warranty / after sales services:  Help Desk (standard local working hours)  Inventory and Spare Part Management  Remote Support (via remote access to the active element to element manager)  On-site support
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 135 of 152 9.8.2 Welcome Center 9.8.2.1 Introduction Purpose of the Welcome Center is to provide a regional single interface to the customer to initiate any type of service request. Furthermore, the Welcome Center is in the position to track the customer service demand and give feedback to the customer regarding the status of their request. The following maintenance services have to be initiated via the Welcome Center:  Initiate product repair  Trigger/initiate technical support For both types of service demands, the Welcome Center is to register the customer request and forwards it to the appropriate team. 9.8.2.2 Workflow The repair process will be triggered by the RFS regional Welcome Center. The customer sends the faulty unit to the RFS regional repair Center. Each repair of a faulty unit is registered and tracked under a unique identifier called RMA (Return Merchandise Authorization). RFS target is to provide to the customer a repair service with a turn around time of 30 days as standard. The following pictures describe the general workflow for Welcome Center activities. Accept customer callRegister call, caller and customer dataRegister customer service requestAssociate unique identifier to service request (RMA/ticket number) Figure 85 Register Service Request from Customer
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 136 of 152 Provide customer address of RFS regional repair centerProvide RMA numberInform service team and forward repair request Figure 86 Initiate Product Repair (to Customer) Provide customer ticket number (first by call and afterwards by mail)Forward support request to technical support team. Customer will stay either on the call or will be called back Figure 87 initiate or trigger technical support The defective unit sent by the customer is received by RFS(*)RMA return Material Authorisation(**)CIP= Carriage &insurance paidTurn Around TimeThe repaired unit sent by RFS is available CIP at the airport (**)The customer puts back the repaired unit in their spare poolA defective unit is replaced from the customer’s spares poolCustomer calls the Welcome Center to get an RMA (*)CustomerRFS Welcome and Dispatch CenterRFS Repair Service Logistic CenterAsk for RMA numberDefective UnitRepaired or Replaced UnitSpare Poolstock re-fillturn-around timeThe defective unit sent by the customer is received by RFS(*)RMA return Material Authorisation(**)CIP= Carriage &insurance paidTurn Around TimeThe repaired unit sent by RFS is available CIP at the airport (**)The customer puts back the repaired unit in their spare poolA defective unit is replaced from the customer’s spares poolCustomer calls the Welcome Center to get an RMA (*)CustomerRFS Welcome and Dispatch CenterRFS Repair Service Logistic CenterAsk for RMA numberDefective UnitRepaired or Replaced UnitSpare Poolstock re-fillturn-around time Figure 88 RFS repair process
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 137 of 152 9.8.3 Technical Support / Help Desk Any technical support required by the customer is registered via the Welcome Center as first step. The Welcome Center then forwards the support request to the technical support team. In general, technical support is not part of the basic warranty. 9.8.4 Escalation levels The following table shows the definition of different support levels for the product. The more complex the problem to be solved the higher the level. Technical support hierarchy / escalation: Level 1 technical support / system operation With customer/mobile operator Level 2 technical support With customer/integrator (call center, support organization trained by RFS) Level 3 technical support RFS Regional technical support, Application engineering, technical consulting, and field support Level 4 technical support RFS central technical support, global competence center (Germany)
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 138 of 152 9.8.5 SW Maintenance The following section defines the process to provide SW maintenance to the customer. This covers the software for the NMS as well as the SW running within the RRH and BSI (firmware). To offer new NMS SW release to the customer the NMS HW platform and the NMS SW are two separate saleable items. For the RRH and BSI, new SW features will be offered as “features” bringing new functionality to the system. According the RFS software policy the following definitions apply: Release upgrades: New release incl. new features; not part of standard warranty Release updates: Mainly bug and failure fixing; free of charge and part of standard warranty The customer will be informed of new SW release updates via email to customers with notification of a new release update ready for download. On special request release updates can be distributed via CD but this will not be for free. Distribution of release update  Release update will be uploaded to RFS xtranet with release notes and installation instructions  Customer will download release update from xtranet and install according to installation instructions
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 139 of 152 10 System Specifications and Technical Data 10.1 RF Specification of ClearFill®Star System 10.1.1 General Specification Frequency range PCS 1900 UL: 1850 – 1910 MHz DL: 1930 – 1990 MHz CELL 800 UL: 824 – 849 MHz DL: 869 – 894 MHz The channel frequencies are on a 30 kHz spacing for Cellular band and a 50 kHz spacing for PCS band Supported IF bandwidth 1.25 MHz (UL and DL) Frequency plan / Channel allocation C.S0002 RF impedance 50 Ohm 10.1.2 Downlink The following specifications for DL refer to the system configuration shown in Figure 89. All specifications apply for CELL and PCS frequency bands. 10.1.2.1 ClearFill®Star System DL Interfaces RRHSwitchBSIIn Out Figure 89 DL System Configuration for Specification
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 140 of 152 10.1.2.1.1 Downlink Parameter Specification Input power level -57dBm nominal, composite Output power level +14.5 dBm ±1.5dB composite at max loading over full RF bandwidth Manual setting of output power level +14.5 dBm to -9.5 dBm in 1 dB steps @ nominal input the attenuation is realized in the RRH ACPR >45dBm @ 30kHz Output power level at extreme Temperature 14.5 dBm ± 2.5dB Nominal system gain PCS: 71 dB ± 1dB Cellular: 71dB ± 1dB Noise figure <13dB @ max. gain <17dB @ min gain Return Loss >9dB @ BSI >7dB @ RRH EVM at antenna port < 10% Table 12 Downlink Parameter Specifications
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 141 of 152 10.1.3 Uplink 10.1.3.1 ClearFill®Star1 System UL Interfaces The following description for UL refers to a system configuration shown in Figure 90. BSISwitchRRHIn Out Figure 90 UL System Configuration for Specification
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 142 of 152 10.1.3.1.1 Uplink Parameter Specification (Linear Operation) CELL800 / PCS1900 Input power level range -65 to –90 dBm at maximum gain -49 to –80 dBm at minimum gain Nominal gain 61 dB for input power level range Manual gain setting 61 dB to 37 dB in 1 dB steps (the gain setting has to be performed in the RRH) Output power level @ max. Input and max. gain -4 dBm ±1.5 dB Output power level at extreme temperature -4 dBm ± 2.5 dB max. composite output power level independent to number of connected RRHs. Assumed PAR=10dB EVM at BSI output port < 10 % Noise figure < 12 dB at room temperature and 61 dB gain, < 23 dB at room temperature and 37 dB gain The system noise figure will increase as more RRHs are added to a sector. ACPR > 45 dBc @ 30kHz Return Loss > 9 dB @ all RF connectors In-band noise floor and spurious without input signal <-38.5 dBm / 1.25MHz @ maximum gain <-51.5 dBm / 1.25MHz @ minimum gain Table 13 Uplink Parameter Specification
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 143 of 152 10.2 System elements data sheets The following section describes the performance of the sub-system responsible for the transport of the mobile communication link between BTS and handheld. Furthermore, it describes the interaction with the other sub-systems. 10.2.1 POI 10.2.1.1 RF Interface POI Type TX BTS output power level POI-BTS interface POI BSI interface CFS-POIS1S2-19 1900, BTS port 1x simplex, BSI Port 2x simplex 0 dBm 2 RF ports (1x Rx, 1x Tx) 4 RF ports (1x Channel1Tx, 1x Channel1Rx, 1x Channel2 Tx, 1x Channel2 Rx) CFS-POIS1S2-819 850/1900, BTS port 1x simplex, BSI Port 2x simplex 0 dBm 2 RF ports (1x Rx, 1x Tx) 4 RF ports (1x Channel1Tx, 1x Channel1Rx, 1x Channel2 Tx, 1x Channel2 Rx) Other POIs on request Table 14 BTS and POI configurations In case the TX output power level of the BTS is too high to be handled by the POI with an SMA connector, an additional attenuator is available to be switched between the BTS and the POI to decrease the input power level for the POI. 10.2.1.2 Mechanical specifications These mechanical specifications apply for all types of POI: Sealing Class IP20 Mounting & fixings bench top or rack mounted Grounding via Ethernet cable Housing (max. dimensions) 19 inch rack slide in, 1 HU Type Depth: 211mm , max. 300mm Cooling Convection cooled, no fans Color of front panel White, RAL 9010
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 144 of 152 10.2.2 Simplexed Twin BSI 10.2.2.1 RF Interface Interface to POI 8 simplexed RF ports, type SMA female: Rx1/2-CELL RX1/2-PCS Tx1/2-CELL Tx1/2-PCS Functions: DL input, UL output Position: on the front panel 10.2.2.2 Power supply interface external DC supply The external DC supply fulfils all regulatory requirements. The external power supply port is at the back plane. 48VDC (connector 48VDC, 2.1x5.5x11mm female barrel, wired Center positive) PoE Via Power over Ethernet connector: RJ-45 Grounding via Ethernet or DC connector Power consumption <14 W per BSI 10.2.2.3 Mechanical Specifications Sealing Class IP20 Mounting & fixings bench top or rack mounted Grounding via Ethernet cable or DC connector (dependant on voltage supply) Housing (max. dimensions) 19 inch rack slide in, 1 HU Type Depth: 211mm, max. 300mm Cooling Convection cooled, no fans Color of front panel White, RAL 9010
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 145 of 152 10.2.3 RRH 10.2.3.1 RF Interface Antenna interface at RRH one duplexed RF port, type SMA female cable length < 3 m (10 ft) Functions: DL output, UL input 10.2.3.2 Power supply interface PoE via Ethernet cable (POE) Grounding via Ethernet cable Power consumption <14 W 10.2.3.3 Mechanical specification Sealing Class IP20 Mounting & fixings walls, ceilings in any kind of polarization Grounding via Ethernet cable Housing (max. dimensions) length: 181mm height: 44mm depth: 166mm Weight 600g Color White, RAL 9010 10.2.4 GES 10.2.4.1 Power supply interface Power supply interface 115/230 VAC ± 10% 50Hz ± 5% auto-ranging connector type 3-pole IEC Grounding Grounding to the GES shall be provided via mains cable
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 146 of 152 10.2.4.2 Mechanical Specification Sealing Class IP20 Mounting & fixings bench top or rack mounted Grounding via AC mains Housing (max. dimensions) 19 inch rack slide in, 1 HU Type Depth: 211mm, max. 300mm Cooling Convection or fan cooled Color of front panel White, RAL 9010 10.3 Environmental Conditions 10.3.1 Operations  Operating temperature: 0°C to +40°C  Operating environment: relative humidity 0% to 90%, non-condensing  Mechanical operation: ETSI EN 300 019-1-3, class 3.2 1 10.3.2 Transportation & Storage  Storage temperature: -20°C to +75°C  Transportation: ETSI EN 300 019-2-2, class 2.3 (public transportation)
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 147 of 152 11 Conformance Statements 11.1 United States 11.1.1 Introduction The following statements are the product conformance statements that apply to the Clear Fill Star product when deployed in the United States. 11.1.2 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Important! Changes or modifications made to this equipment not expressly approved by RFS may void the FCC authorization to operate this equipment. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: - (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and - (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. 11.1.3 FCC Part 15 Class A This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at the user’s expense. 11.1.4 RF approval This equipment complies with Part 2, Subpart J - Equipment Authorization Procedures, of the FCC Rules. The Clear Fill Star system complies with Part 22 – Public Mobile Services, Subpart H – Cellular Radiotelephone Services and with Part 24 - Personal Communications Services, Subpart E - Broadband PCS. 11.1.5 IEC product safety conformance The Clear Fill Star system is Safety Certified IEC 60950-1 (ed.2) by CB-Scheme. Should the local Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) require prior or additional verification of this Certification, a Product Certificate of Compliance can be obtained from the specific Certification Body by the Business/Product Unit Applicant for the product or by contacting RFS customer services. Any modifications to this equipment are not permitted without review and official written authorization from the specific Certification Body. Unauthorized changes may violate the Product Safety Certification. Modifications or changes authorized by official CN/CNN are assumed to have received prior approval from this Lab.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 148 of 152 11.1.6 Indoor applications This equipment is intended for installation in restricted access locations where access is controlled or where access can only be gained by service personnel with a key or tool. Access to this equipment is restricted to qualified service personnel only. 11.1.7 Antenna exposure Antenna installations for the Clear Fill Star product shall be performed in accordance with all applicable manufacturer's recommendations, and national laws and regulations. To ensure correct antenna installation, the antenna installer shall perform all necessary calculations and/or field measurements to evaluate compliance with applicable national laws or regulations regarding exposure to electromagnetic fields. The supplier of radio equipment, the supplier of antenna equipment and the integrator and builder of the site must provide sufficient information so that the limits of the exclusion zones can be determined. Any changes to the antenna or other equipment in the transmit path may require re-evaluation of the exposures to electromagnetic fields. Pursuant to 47 CFR Part 1, Subpart I, subject to the provisions of section 1.1307, all installations must be evaluated for requirements contained in Table 1, “Limits for maximum permissible exposure,” in section 1.1310. 11.1.8 Radiofrequency radiation exposure Information This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator and your body. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. 11.1.9 Packaging collection and recovery requirements Countries, states, localities, or other jurisdictions may require that systems be established for the return and/or collection of packaging waste from the consumer, or other end user, or from the waste stream. Additionally, reuse, recovery, and/or recycling targets for the return and/or collection of the packaging waste may be established. For more information regarding collection and recovery of packaging and packaging waste within specific jurisdictions, please contact the RFS customer services. 11.1.10 Recycling / take-back / disposal of products and batteries Electronic products and batteries bearing or referencing the symbols shown below shall be collected and treated at the end of their useful life, in compliance with applicable European Union and other local legislation. They shall not be disposed of as part of unsorted municipal waste. Due to materials that may be contained in the product and batteries, such as heavy metals, the environment and human health may be negatively impacted as a result of inappropriate disposal.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 149 of 152 Moreover, in compliance with legal requirements and contractual agreements, where applicable, RFS will offer to provide for the collection and treatment of RFS products bearing the logo at the end of their useful life, or products displaced by RFS equipment offers. For information regarding take-back, recycling, or disposal of equipment by RFS or for equipment take-back requests contact RFS customer services. 11.2 Canada 11.2.1 Introduction The statements that follow are the product conformance statements that apply to the ClearFill®Star product when deployed in Canada. 11.2.2 Industry Canada (IC) Important! Changes or modifications made to this equipment not expressly approved by RFS may void the IC authorization to operate this equipment. This device complies with ICES-003 / RSS-210 of Industry Canada. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: - (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and - (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. 11.2.3 Indoor applications This equipment is intended for installation in restricted access locations where access is controlled or where access can only be gained by service personnel with a key or tool. Access to this equipment is restricted to qualified service personnel only. 11.2.4 Packaging collection and recovery requirements Countries, states, localities, or other jurisdictions may require that systems be established for the return and/or collection of packaging waste from the consumer, or other end user, or from the waste stream. Additionally, reuse, recovery, and/or recycling targets for the return and/or collection of the packaging waste may be established. For more information regarding collection and recovery of packaging and packaging waste within specific jurisdictions, please contact the RFS customer services. 11.2.5 Recycling / take-back / disposal of products and batteries Electronic products and batteries bearing or referencing the symbols shown below shall be collected and treated at the end of their useful life, in compliance with applicable European Union and other local legislation. They shall not be disposed of as part of unsorted municipal waste. Due to materials that may be contained in the product and batteries, such as heavy
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 150 of 152 metals, the environment and human health may be negatively impacted as a result of inappropriate disposal. Moreover, in compliance with legal requirements and contractual agreements, where applicable, RFS will offer to provide for the collection and treatment of RFS products bearing the logo at the end of their useful life, or products displaced by RFS equipment offers. For information regarding take-back, recycling, or disposal of equipment by RFS or for equipment take-back requests contact RFS customer services.
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 151 of 152 12 Appendix 12.1 Abbreviations: + the + sign attached to BSI or RRH indicates that this unit is running in summing modus ALC Automatic Level Control BER Basic Encoding Rules BSI Base Station Interface BSI+ Summing BSI node BTS Base Transceiver Station CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CFS1 ClearFill®Star-CDMA ClearFill® Product Brand Name ClearFill®Star Product Brand Name ClearFill®Star ClearFill®Star Community names (or Strings) Essentially passwords CW Continuous sinusoidal Wave (un-modulated signal) DAS Distributed Antenna System DHCP Dynamic Host Control Protocol DL Downlink (from BTS to mobile) DNS Domain Name Service, Ethernet service to associate clear names to IP addresses DVT Design Verification and Test EMS Element Management System ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute GES Gigabit Ethernet Switch ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol ICO Microsoft Icon IETF Internet Engineering Task Force IP Internet Protocol ISO International Organization for Standardization LAN Local Area Network LAT License administration tool MIB Management Information Base, used in SNMP to identify the data structure MO Managed Object MS Mobile station MTBF Mean Time Between Failures NE Network Elements, covering BSI, RRH, GES and NEMCOS Server NEMCOS Network Element Management, Control and Supervision System NMS Network Management System NOC Network Operation Center NTP Network Time Protocol
ClearFill Star CDMA 1100187 Rev. 1.0 Page 152 of 152 O&M Operation and Maintenance OAR Off-air repeater OID Object Identifier OSI Open System Interconnection PNG Portable network graphics, originally designed to replace dated Gif file format. POE Power over Ethernet POI Point of Interface PSE Power Source Equipment PSU Power Supply Unit QoS Quality of Service RF Radio Frequency, is used as synonym for both real radio between RRH and Mobile and for Ethernet packets containing RF data between RRH and BSI RFC Request for Comments, used as recommendation and quasi standard in the ethernet world RoHS Restriction of Hazardous Substances RRH Remote Radio Head RRH+ Summing RRH Rx Uplink (receiving path, forward path) SMI Structure of Management Information, the language that is used to define the MIB file SMI Structure of Management Information SMIC SNMP Management Information Compiler SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP Communities SNMPv1 / SNMPv2 use the notion of communities to establish trust between managers and agents SNMPv2c SNMPv2 technical name SNR Signal to noise ratio STP Spanning Tree Protocol TBD To be determined TBSIL Twin BSI left part TBSIR Twin BSI right part TC Textual convention TCP Transmission Control Protocol TFTP Tiny File Transfer Protocol, the little brother of the FTP protocol Tx Downlink (transmitting path, reverse path) UC Use Case UDP User Datagram Protocol UL Uplink (from mobile to BTS) VLAN Virtual Local Area Network. The CFS project will use the terms VLAN and Sector interchangeable. WEEE Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment

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