Radio Frequency Systems W1000220 Remote Radio Head User Manual Handbook

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Handbook
ClearFill®Star CDMA
ClearFill Star CDMA
1100187 Rev. 1.0
Page 1 of 152
The following manual is written by RFS for the handling of the ClearFill®Star System. Please
utilize your ClearFill®Star System only as described below and after you have read this
manual carefully. If you act without authority, RFS cannot be held responsible for any
sequences of such operations. Unauthorized actions can cause dangers and damages. In
case of doubts, please consult RFS before.
All information contained herein is the property of RFS. No part of this document may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any
purpose, without the written permission of RFS.
RFS reserves the right to make changes, without notice, to the specifications and equipment
described in this manual.
RFS is in no way responsible for any damages caused by reliance on this manual, including,
but not limited to, typographical and listing errors.
As we are not free of errors, please let us have your comments on this manual, either faults
or unclear chapters. It will help us to improve the documentation and also our equipment
according to your needs.
Please send your remarks to:
RFS GmbH
Kabelkamp 20
D-30179 Hannover
Phone: +49 511 676-2731
Fax: +49 511 676-2515
Email: techinfo.europe@rfsworld.com
www.RFSWorld.com
Copyright © 2009 by RFS
All rights reserved.
Trademarks:
All trademarks marked by ™ or ® are trademarks or registered trademarks of RFS. All other
trademarks belong to their respective owners.
ClearFill Star CDMA
1100187 Rev. 1.0
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Table of Contents
Table of Figures
Table of Charts
1 Introduction
1.1 General
1.2 Conventions in this Manual
1.3 Standards Conformance
1.4 Firmware Release
2 ClearFill®Star System Description
2.1 General description
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
10
10
12
12
12
13
13
Supported Services
Identification of System
System Structure (deployment architectures)
15
15
16
2.2 Unit description
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
18
Base Station Interface (BSI)
Remote Radio Head (RRH)
Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES)
Supported Ethernet Standards
18
19
19
19
2.3 Features
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
20
General Features
Sectorization
Guided Hard Handover (Pilot Beacon Functionality)
20
21
22
3 System Design Guidelines
3.1 CDMA Basics (in preparation)
3.1.1
3.1.2
23
23
Data (in preparation)
Voice (in preparation)
23
23
3.2 Required information for system design
23
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
Power level
Coverage area / Architecture drawings
Type of Building
Number of Users
Typical parameters
23
24
28
29
30
3.3 Design step by step
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.3.5
30
Determine coverage area per RRH
Number of RRH for Coverage 3G1x and EV-DO
Number of RRH for beacon
Number of BSI
Number of GES
30
30
32
32
34
3.4 Estimated RF Coverage per RRH
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.4.5
41
Propagation Model (Free Space Loss)
Power Level Estimation (Link Budget)
Link Loss (Coverage distance)
Only one direct connected antenna (in preparation)
Examples of Coverage Estimates (in preparation)
41
44
48
48
48
3.5 Right-sizing - the beacon feature (in preparation)
3.6 Capacity demand - number for BSIs (in preparation)
3.7 System Architecture
48
48
49
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3.7.1
3.7.2
3.7.3
3.7.4
Rules from the Ethernet World
Gigabit Ethernet Switch
Example system architecture
System feeding
49
49
50
50
4 System Installation
4.1 General
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.1.5
4.1.6
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
52
52
Safety Considerations
Packing List
Health and Safety Warnings
Installation Locations and requirements
Recommended Tools/Installation Incidentals
Accessories to be provided locally
52
52
52
53
53
53
System Installation (Hardware Installation)
Installation Radio Remote Head (RRH)
Installation Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES)
Installation Base Station Interface (BSI)
Installation NMS Server (Hardware)
Commissioning of NMS
4.7.1
4.7.2
4.7.3
4.7.4
54
55
56
56
56
57
Start of NMS Server
BTS – ClearFill®Star Integration
Commissioning of ClearFill®Star via NMS
System optimization
57
57
57
70
5 NMS Overview
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Starting the NMS
5.2.1
71
71
71
IP address setup
71
5.3 Tools and Utilities of NMS server
72
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4
The Web NMS Launcher
Discovery Configurator
ClearFill Star Client Login Window
Logs Window
72
73
77
78
5.4 Main Window of NMS Application Client (structure)
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.4.3
5.4.4
79
The Menu Bar
The Tree Pane
The Display Pane
The Alarm Summary Pane
80
80
81
81
5.5 The NMS client functionality
5.5.1
5.5.2
5.5.3
5.5.4
5.5.5
81
Network Maps
Fault Management
Provisioning
Network Database
SNMP Tools
81
88
90
105
106
5.6 Right Click Menus
5.6.1
5.6.2
5.6.3
106
RRH/BSI Right-Click Options
Switch Right-Click Menu
Network Right-Click Menu
107
108
109
5.7 RRH Configuration
110
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5.8 BSI Configuration
5.8.1
114
Fault Management
115
6 Configuration Management
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Change settings and system parameters
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
120
120
122
122
124
124
124
124
124
BSI
RRH
125
126
Alarm management (graphics, analysis etc.)
External alarm routing
Remote Management and Supervision
Operational used cases/Maintenance
Introduction
Swap faulty devices
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3
9.2.4
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
Sector configuration
RRH
GES
BSI
System Supervision
Introduction
Supervision GUI
Alarms and faults structure
Alarm description and their possible causes
7.4.1
7.4.2
7.5
7.6
9.1
9.2
120
120
120
128
128
129
130
130
130
Swap RRH
Swap GES
Swap BSI
Swap NMS
130
130
131
131
Add RRH
Move RRH
Change RRH sector allocation
Reset RRH and BSI
Maintenance
9.7.1
9.7.2
131
131
132
132
133
Introduction
Firmware Update
133
133
9.8 Warranty
9.8.1
9.8.2
9.8.3
9.8.4
9.8.5
134
RFS Maintenance Services
Welcome Center
Technical Support / Help Desk
Escalation levels
SW Maintenance
134
135
137
137
138
10 System Specifications and Technical Data
10.1 RF Specification of ClearFill®Star System
10.1.1
10.1.2
10.1.3
139
139
General Specification
Downlink
Uplink
139
139
141
10.2 System elements data sheets
10.2.1
10.2.2
143
POI
Simplexed Twin BSI
143
144
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10.2.3
10.2.4
RRH
GES
145
145
10.3 Environmental Conditions
10.3.1
10.3.2
146
Operations
Transportation & Storage
146
146
11 Conformance Statements
11.1 United States
11.1.1
11.1.2
11.1.3
11.1.4
11.1.5
11.1.6
11.1.7
11.1.8
11.1.9
11.1.10
147
147
Introduction
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
FCC Part 15 Class A
RF approval
IEC product safety conformance
Indoor applications
Antenna exposure
Radiofrequency radiation exposure Information
Packaging collection and recovery requirements
Recycling / take-back / disposal of products and batteries
147
147
147
147
147
148
148
148
148
148
11.2 Canada
149
11.2.1
11.2.2
11.2.3
11.2.4
11.2.5
149
149
149
149
149
Introduction
Industry Canada (IC)
Indoor applications
Packaging collection and recovery requirements
Recycling / take-back / disposal of products and batteries
12 Appendix
12.1 Abbreviations:
151
151
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Table of Figures
Figure 1 ClearFill®Star system component distribution.................................................................. 10
Figure 2 Typical deployment topology of a ClearFill®Star network ................................................ 13
Figure 3 Signal flow of ClearFill®Star ............................................................................................. 14
Figure 4 Point of Interconnection (POI) device ............................................................................... 15
Figure 5 Twin Base Station Interface (BSI) device ......................................................................... 15
Figure 6 Remote Radio Head (RHH) device................................................................................... 16
Figure 7 Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES) device.............................................................................. 16
Figure 8 General deployment architectures: (a) star configuration (one sector with 5 RRH) and (b)
tree configuration (sector 1 with 3 RRH, sector 2 with 2 RRH)................................................ 17
Figure 9 Example of a cascaded transport network........................................................................ 18
Figure 10 Illustration of CDMA channel assignment to RRH via VLAN. ......................................... 21
Figure 11 Illustration of a typical in-building deployment scenario with pilot beacons .................... 22
Figure 12 Path loss models (source: Wireless Valley).................................................................... 27
Figure 13 Erlang B formula ............................................................................................................. 29
Figure 14 Traffic Intensity ............................................................................................................... 29
Figure 15 Example 1 for Twin-BSI configuration ............................................................................ 33
Figure 16 Example 2 for Twin-BSI configuration ............................................................................ 33
Figure 17 GES front view................................................................................................................ 34
Figure 18 ClearFill®Star setup example 1 ...................................................................................... 36
Figure 19 ClearFill®Star setup example 2 ...................................................................................... 37
Figure 20 ClearFill®Star setup example 3 ...................................................................................... 38
Figure 21 ClearFill®Star setup example 4 ...................................................................................... 39
Figure 22 ClearFill®Star setup example 5 ...................................................................................... 40
Figure 23 Scenario for UL reception power level calculation.......................................................... 46
Figure 24 Indoor Loss for Different Building Types at 900 MHz ..................................................... 48
Figure 25 Indoor Loss for Different Building Types at 1900 MHz ................................................... 48
Figure 26 GES Login Menu ............................................................................................................ 58
Figure 27 GES IP Configuration Menu ........................................................................................... 59
Figure 28 GES SNMP configuration menu ..................................................................................... 60
Figure 29 GES STP configuration menu......................................................................................... 61
Figure 30 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu for NMS ....................................................... 63
Figure 31 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu for Voice ...................................................... 64
Figure 32 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu for Data........................................................ 65
Figure 33 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu ..................................................................... 65
Figure 34 GES VLAN Tag Rule menu ............................................................................................ 66
Figure 35 VLAN Tag Rule Edit Menu.............................................................................................. 66
Figure 36 Web NMS Launcher Window.......................................................................................... 68
Figure 37 ClearFill®Star authentication .......................................................................................... 68
Figure 38 Network Map – Switches ................................................................................................ 69
Figure 39 Network Map – Unconfigured RRH / BSI Nodes ............................................................ 70
Figure 40 Web NMS Launcher window .......................................................................................... 72
Figure 41 Discovery Configurator – General Tab ........................................................................... 74
Figure 42 Discovery Configurator - Network Discovery tab ............................................................ 75
Figure 43 Login Screen................................................................................................................... 77
Figure 44 Logs Window .................................................................................................................. 78
Figure 45 Application Client Screen................................................................................................ 79
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Figure 46 Switches ......................................................................................................................... 82
Figure 47 Map View for Non ClearFill devices................................................................................ 83
Figure 48 ClearFill®Star objects map ............................................................................................. 84
Figure 49 Unconfigured Devices Map............................................................................................. 85
Figure 50 Failed Systems map ....................................................................................................... 86
Figure 51 Configured BSIs and RRHs map view ............................................................................ 87
Figure 52 Network events view....................................................................................................... 88
Figure 53 Alarms view .................................................................................................................... 89
Figure 54 Templates Display Panel ................................................................................................ 90
Figure 55 AddClearFillObj provisioning template............................................................................ 91
Figure 56 DeviceConfig provisioning template ............................................................................... 92
Figure 57 Firmware download template.......................................................................................... 93
Figure 58 Remove Sector step 1 .................................................................................................... 94
Figure 59 Remove Sector step 2 .................................................................................................... 95
Figure 60 Remove Sector step 3 .................................................................................................... 96
Figure 61 SectorConfiguration template step 1 .............................................................................. 97
Figure 62 SectorConfiguration template step 2 .............................................................................. 98
Figure 63 SectorConfiguration template step 3 .............................................................................. 99
Figure 64 SectorConfiguration template step 4 ............................................................................ 100
Figure 65 SectorConfiguration template step 5 ............................................................................ 101
Figure 66 SectorPilotConfiguration template step 1 ..................................................................... 102
Figure 67 SectorPilotConfiguration template step 2 ..................................................................... 103
Figure 68 SectorPilotConfiguration template step 3 ..................................................................... 104
Figure 69 Activity List.................................................................................................................... 104
Figure 70 Network Database Network View ................................................................................. 105
Figure 71 RRH/BSI Right Click Menu ........................................................................................... 107
Figure 72 Switch Right Click Menu ............................................................................................... 108
Figure 73 Network right-click menu with stop option .................................................................... 109
Figure 74 Network right-click menu with start option .................................................................... 109
Figure 75 RRH General Configuration Tab................................................................................... 110
Figure 76 RRH Pilot Beacon Configuration Tab ........................................................................... 111
Figure 77 RRH Sector Configuration Tab ..................................................................................... 112
Figure 78 RRH Status Tab............................................................................................................ 113
Figure 79 BSI Configuration General Tab..................................................................................... 114
Figure 80 BSI Configuration Sector Tab ....................................................................................... 115
Figure 81 Search Window............................................................................................................. 116
Figure 82 Event Viewer................................................................................................................. 118
Figure 83 Schematic illustration of local RRH interfaces .............................................................. 128
Figure 84 Advanced Login Screen................................................................................................ 129
Figure 85 Register Service Request from Customer .................................................................... 135
Figure 86 Initiate Product Repair (to Customer) ........................................................................... 136
Figure 87 initiate or trigger technical support................................................................................ 136
Figure 88 RFS repair process....................................................................................................... 136
Figure 89 DL System Configuration for Specification ................................................................... 139
Figure 90 UL System Configuration for Specification ................................................................... 141
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Table of Charts
Table 1 Ethernet Transport Media .................................................................................................. 20
Table 2 Typical attenuation for different materials (source: Wireless Valley) ................................. 25
Table 3 Typical attenuation for different building types (source: Wireless Valley).......................... 26
Table 4 Examples for Propagation Coefficient (source: Wireless Valley)....................................... 42
Table 5 RF losses due to physical obstacles (Reference: Wireless Valley) ................................... 43
Table 6 Propagation Parameters .................................................................................................... 44
Table 7 Downlink Parameters......................................................................................................... 45
Table 8 Power levels of mobiles ..................................................................................................... 46
Table 9 Reception power levels for ClearFill®Star-CDMA ............................................................. 47
Table 10 LED indications at RRH ................................................................................................. 125
Table 11 LED indication at BSI ..................................................................................................... 127
Table 12 Downlink Parameter Specifications ............................................................................... 140
Table 13 Uplink Parameter Specification...................................................................................... 142
Table 14 BTS and POI configurations .......................................................................................... 143
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1 Introduction
This document describes the ClearFill®Star system and its components.
1.1
General
ClearFill®Star is an innovative, digital, IP-based wireless indoor coverage solution.
ClearFill®Star is a unique low-cost approach that improves indoor cellular service by
converting radio coverage into an IP based Ethernet application. It is based on wireless,
Ethernet, and packet technology. This in-building cellular solution uses standard LAN cabling
(CAT5), switches, routers, and network administration which are already installed in most
office buildings, making ClearFill®Star simple and inexpensive to deploy, maintain, and
reconfigure.
Indoor coverage will be provided by ClearFill®Star indoor remote radio heads (RRH)
powered over Ethernet, indoor capacity is defined by the number of ClearFill®Star base
station interface units (BSI) connecting to BTSs/NodeBs.
Figure 1 ClearFill®Star system component distribution
This solution allows distributing the RF signals from a base station via a Gigabit Ethernet
Network. The system digitizes and packages the RF signal of a base station and distributes it
over an Ethernet network.
ClearFill®Star splits coverage- and capacity functionality. This feature allows to extend
capacity at only one central point and to allocate the resource to different RRHs, according to
demand. This concept makes the system highly scaleable and flexible.
The BSI RF interface makes the whole solution BTS vendor agnostic.
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Advantages of ClearFill Star system versus a typical distributed antenna system:
Lower costs for hardware and installation:
 Installation costs are reduced by the use of existing infrastructure.
 All remote radio heads / active antennas (RRH) are powered via CAT5 cables and
the Power of Ethernet (PoE) functionality that eases the installation considerably.
 CAT5 cable (+fiber) versus coaxial cable (+fiber).
 Gig-E components versus RF components.
 Solution is future proof, because the used transport medium will evolve with Ethernet
evolution; 10 GBit Ethernet solutions are already entering the market.
 Costs are competitive due to huge Ethernet market: the benefit is a massive economy
of scale.
Higher flexibility:
 Ability to adjust output power per RRH via software.
 Supports diversity and sectorization for increasing capacity without additional
hardware.
 OA&M functions are integrated in same Gig-E network.
 Conversion between fiber medium and CAT5 medium is done easily.
 System is flexible and scalable.
Higher performance:
 Highest quality of service; due to digitization of the RF signal directly at the source no
degradation of the signal due to distribution.
 Digital transport does not degrade RF signal quality.
 Elimination of gain uncertainty in the system.
Capacity and coverage are independent with ClearFill®Star:
 1 sector worth of capacity can be distributed to multiple RRHs covering a large area
or a single RRH covering a small area resulting in a very flexible growth.
 Capability to manage base station capacity. The software assigns Remote Radio
Heads (active antennas) to base station or base station sectors.
 Softer and soft handoff features are preserved.
Welcome to the next generation of active Distributed Antenna Systems, welcome to
ClearFill®Star!
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1.2
Conventions in this Manual
This check mark means there is a note of interest and is something you
should pay special attention to while using ClearFill®Star.
This exclamation point means there is a caution or warning and is
something that could damage your property of ClearFill®Star.
This question mark provides you with a reminder about something you
might need to do while using or administrating ClearFill®Star.
1.3
Standards Conformance
The following Standards are applicable to ClearFill®Star:
 FCC
FCC part 15/ 22/ 24
 IC
RSS-210 / RSS-131
 Safety
IEC / EN60950-1
 Ethernet
TIA/EIA 568-A
 PoE
IEEE 802.3af
 RF Performance
3GPP2 C.S0051-01
Refer to Chapter 11 for compliance information.
1.4
Firmware Release
For the latest Firmware release and associated documentation, access the RFS Internet
Homepage at:
www.RFSWorld.com
or contact
techinfo.europe@rfsworld.com, or applications.engineering@rfsworld.com
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2 ClearFill®Star System Description
2.1
General description
In order to leverage the commonly available data network infrastructure, ClearFill®Star uses
the same local area network (LAN) topology.
A LAN in a typical office building is laid out in a tree topology. The base of the tree is the
main telecommunication/equipment room with the Ethernet switches and routers. It usually
accommodates the connection to the outside world. From this central location network cables
(fiber or CAT5) branch to multiple telecommunication/equipment closets located throughout
the building. The telecom closets that are spread over the building are connected as the last
level of branches. They connect each individual location that needs network access with
CAT5 cables The telecom closets are usually located so close that the longest CAT5 cable is
less than 100 m (300 ft) long in order to support 1000Base-T Ethernet. An example is
illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Typical deployment topology of a ClearFill®Star network
This topology is also used for ClearFill®Star. The base station (BTS) is usually located in the
main telecom room. A base station interface (BSI) card connects to the BTS.
Fiber or CAT-5 cables connect the BSI to multiple Gigabit Ethernet switches (GESs),
installed in wiring closets all over the building. These switches are connected by CAT-5
cables to the individual remote radio heads (RRHs), installed at desired locations throughout
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the building. One or more external antennas can be connected to an RRH through a short
RF cable or directly on the housing. Power for the RRHs is provided over CAT-5 cables
using the power-over-Ethernet (PoE) 802.3af standard.
Figure 3 shows a schematic signal flow from BTS to RRH.
Base Station Interface
Mix Radio Signal
To Baseband
Base Station
Digitize Radio
Signal
Packetize digitized
Radio Signal
Ethernet Network
Remote Radio Head
Depacket digitized
Radio Signal
Digital Analog
Conversion
Mix Radio Signal
To RF
Synchronization
Figure 3 Signal flow of ClearFill®Star
Each system element of the ClearFill®Star system is described in detail
in section 2.2.
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2.1.1 Supported Services
The ClearFill®Star system supports the following services:
 CDMA2000 1xRTT systems complying to C.S0002 up to and including Release A
 EvDO Release A 1.25 MHz applications
 Frequency Band Class 0 (800 MHz band, sub-bands 0,1 and 2)
 Frequency Band Class 1 (1900 MHz band)
2.1.2 Identification of System
This chapter gives a short overview of the ClearFill®Star components.
Please see chapter 2.2-Unit description for a more detailed description of
each system element.
2.1.2.1 Point of Interconnection (POI)
The POI attenuates the RF signal of the base station to the input/output system requirements
of the BSI, e.g. when a base station with 2 carriers per sector is used the POI has the
function to split the RF signal into two paths to provide an RF signal to the two required BSIs.
Figure 4 Point of Interconnection (POI) device
2.1.2.2 Base Station Interface (BSI)
The BSI is the interface between BTS and Ethernet Infrastructure. Its function is in downlink
(DL) to digitize and packet the RF signal of the base station according to Ethernet standard.
For the uplink (UL) the BSI translates the digitized packet stream back to RF.
Figure 5 Twin Base Station Interface (BSI) device
2.1.2.3 Remote Radio Head (RHH)
The RRHs are indoor RF front-ends. They have 1Gigabit-Ethernet interfaces. An automatic
summing function is included in the RRH to sum the UL data streams of several RRHs.
Alternatively to the mobile signal coverage function, the RRH can generate up to 7 pilot
beacon signals to support the hard handover. An RRH package includes an external,
removable antenna.
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Figure 6 Remote Radio Head (RHH) device
2.1.2.4 Ethernet Infrastructure incl. Gigabit Ethernet Switched (GES)
The infrastructure for data transport is based on 1Gigabit Ethernet Switches (GES). Two
kinds of cables can be used for the interconnection: CAT5 (or higher) for distances of
maximum 100m (300ft) and optical fibers for longer distances. The GES support Power over
Ethernet (PoE).
Figure 7 Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES) device
2.1.2.5 Network Management System (NMS) Server
The NMS is in charge of:
 Configuring the network elements
 Mapping of RRH to BSI
 Operation and administration
 Supervision of system (monitoring and control functionality)
 Maintenance of system
2.1.3 System Structure (deployment architectures)
ClearFill®Star allows building a star configuration (see Figure 8(a)), i.e. all RRH of the same
sector reside on the same switch level. It also allows a tree configuration (see Figure 8(b)),
i.e. RRHs of different sectors may reside on different switch levels.
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(a) Star c onfiguration
RRH
RRH
BSI
GES
GES
RRH
BSI
RRH
RRH
(b) Tree configuration
RRH
GES
BSI
RRH
GES
RRH
BSI
RRH
RRH
Sector 1
Sector 2
Figure 8 General deployment architectures: (a) star configuration (one sector with 5
RRH) and (b) tree configuration (sector 1 with 3 RRH, sector 2 with 2 RRH).
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2.2
Unit description
2.2.1 Base Station Interface (BSI)
The connection to the BTS is established through an RF interface. The RF interface allows
ClearFill®Star to support any manufacture’s BTSs. The central task of the BSI is to convert
the downlink radio signals into outgoing Ethernet packets and to convert incoming Ethernet
packets into uplink radio signals.
The BSIs RF interface processes the downlink RF signal with a down-converter and an
analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) to generate a digital base band signal.
The uplink data is processed by a digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) and an up-converter.
To support multiple sectors a ClearFill®Star network can easily support multiple BSIs.
For the uplink, multiple packet streams from multiple RRHs are combined by summation to
form a single IQ signal stream for the BTS receiver. This feature is called summing. A
summing function is included in the BSI, an example for the summing function is shown in
Figure 9.
Transport Network of a 4 Cascade Configuration
RRH
RRH
RRH
RRH
RRH
RRH
Level 4
RRH + sum
(Level 4)
BSI + Sum
of Sums
RRH + sum
(Level 4)
GES
GES
GES
Level 3
GES
Level 2
GES
NMS
Level 1
Figure 9 Example of a cascaded transport network.
The BSI described in this manual is the CFS-BSI-2S-819-1, a simplexed twin BSI rack.
It consists of two BSIs, which are independent units in a single housing. All connections (RF,
Ethernet, power supply) are realized for each BSI independently.
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The simplexed twin BSI rack supports a carrier capacity of 2 CDMA carriers (realized via two
separate BSI in one housing).
 The Simplexed Twin BSI can be fed by two external power supplies (one for each
BSI).
 The external power supply port is at the rear side of the housing.
 Minimum spacing of two RF channels that are supported: 2.5MHz.
 The frequency band and channel allocation are controlled separately for each BSI
unit via NMS.
 LEDs indicate the BSI status for each BSI unit independently (locally).
2.2.2 Remote Radio Head (RRH)
The RRH converts incoming Ethernet packets into downlink RF signal to radiate it out to the
mobiles. Receiving uplink signals from the mobiles are converted into outgoing Ethernet
packets. The RRH synchronizes its frequency and timing to the BSI/BTS. The RRH is
powered over Ethernet to eliminate the requirement of an AC drop for installation, which
provides significant cost saving. To strive for low equipment cost, the RRH uses handset
technology for its RF transceiver function.
The summing function is implemented in each RRH. When activated a group of RRHs send
their packets to a designated RRH, which combines them with its own uplink data to form a
signal stream to be sent to either the BSI or another summing RRH. By locating the summing
function in the BSI and RRHs, an off-the-shelf Gigabit Ethernet switch can be used in the
ClearFill®Star network.
2.2.3 Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES)
An Ethernet switch directs data packets to their destination by using their MAC address. In a
ClearFill®Star network, Gigabit Ethernet is used because of the required data rate and
latency. The switches need to support VLAN and priority switching. Commercial off-the-shelf
GES could theoretically be used as data transport network, but special MIB files would have
to be implemented in order to be able to connect NMS to the GES. Therefore, the
ClearFill®Star end-to-end solution offer includes a GES released to operate with BSI and
RRH. The switch can also be used to source DC power for the RRHs over the CAT5 cables
using the POE standard.
Gigabit Ethernet is required due to the link to link synchronization that is essential for the
overall system synchronization.
2.2.4 Supported Ethernet Standards
The distribution of signals between BSI-GES-RRH and GES-NMS is done via Gigabit
Ethernet Network in accordance to the protocol specified in ClearFill®Star.
The distribution of signals between GES-GES is done via Gigabit Ethernet Network in
accordance to the standards defined in Table 1.
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Name
1000BASE-T
Medium
unshielded twisted pair
Distance
100 meters (300 ft)
1000BASE-SX
multi-mode fiber
500 meters (1500 ft)
1000BASE-LX
single-mode fiber
5 km (3 mi)
Table 1 Ethernet Transport Media
Signal distribution between other entities (e.g. BTS-POI, POI-BSI, and RRH-antenna) is
realized by RF connection.
It is possible to operate WLAN on the same physical infrastructure
depending on the ClearFill®Star-CDMA system, as long as the system
performance of both VLANs (ClearFill®Star and WLAN) is not degraded.
2.3
Features
2.3.1 General Features














A BSI / RRH supports one single CDMA RF carrier. It provides sufficient rejection
against adjacent carriers.
The system uses Ethernet protocol for the communication between BSI, RRH and
switches.
The summing function summarizes the capability to transform a number of incoming
independent data streams in a single data stream.
The RRH contains a summing function. It combines in UL the data stream of up to 8
RRHs (7 RRH + itself).
The BSI contains a summing function. It combines in UL the data of up to 8 data
streams.
The maximum number of supported RRHs in a system configuration with one BSI is
16.
The system supports 2 summing levels (1x BSI, 1x RRH).
The transport network consists of up to 4 cascaded GES.
It is possible to install a pre-configured RRH in a running system (e.g. when a RRH is
disconnected and re-connected afterwards).
A RRH, which has not been configured, will initialize in the NMS and start-up in idle
mode with default values (factory settings). It starts in online mode without
transmitting.
It is possible to adjust the maximum output power of the RRH via the NMS and
remote control of the NMS in 1 dB steps.
The system is capable to upload new SW releases via the network management
center.
Ethernet network operates via CAT5- or fiber links both supporting data rates of
1Gbit/s.
The monitoring and configuration of the network elements is realized by the NMS.
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2.3.2 Sectorization
The sectorization is configured via the GES. The procedure for VLAN configuration is
described in section 4.7.3.4-VLAN Configuration of GES.
 In a system containing several BSIs the assignment of each RRHs to a BSI
(sectorization) is configurable by VLAN (Figure 10).
 The VLAN configuration / sectorization is done via NMS.
RRH
..
..
RRH
BSI 1
VLAN1
BSI 2
..
..
Transport
RRH
..
..
Network
RRH
BSI n
RRH
VLAN2
..
..
RRH
VLAN n
Figure 10 Illustration of CDMA channel assignment to RRH via VLAN.
The system supports:
 Port-based VLAN
 IEEE802.1Q Tag VLAN
 256 active VLANs
 VLAN ID 1~4094
Note: Each RF carrier needs an individual VLAN, consisting of one BSI and a number of
RRHs. The maximum number of RF carriers transported on the same Ethernet is limited by
the maximum data rate of 1Gbit/s.
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2.3.3 Guided Hard Handover (Pilot Beacon Functionality)
The RRH has to be able to generate a pilot beacon signal in order to guide the hard
handover.
The guided hard handover is accomplished by a pilot beacon generated by the RRH.
A typical realization of the guided hard handover from/to 5 outdoor carriers to/from one
dedicated indoor carrier is shown in Figure 11.
Figure 11 Illustration of a typical in-building deployment scenario with pilot beacons





One RRH is able to provide up to 7 adjacent pilot beacon signals simultaneously.
The RRH can either generate one or more pilot beacons or operate on a
communication channel; the switch between the configurations is done by NMS.
The pilot beacon configuration is realized via NMS.
Output power level of the pilot beacon(s):
o The Nominal output power level per pilot beacon is: -20dBm ± 1dB.
o It is adjustable from +14dBm to -50dBm in 1dB steps composite.
o The beacon power level depends on the number of beacon signals.
Configurable parameters via NMS:
o CDMA frequency band and channel per pilot beacon.
o PN offset (0 to 512), same for all pilot beacons per RRH.
o Power level is the same per beacon.
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3 System Design Guidelines
3.1
CDMA Basics (in preparation)
3.1.1 Data (in preparation)
3.1.2 Voice (in preparation)
3.2
Required information for system design
A successful and reliable RF-design is based on many different parameters and assumptions
and cannot be described completely in this handbook. The goal of indoor system design is to
meet the requirements for excellent performance and QoS.
Understanding requirements should include, but not be limited to:
 Capacity vs. coverage
 Current and future needs
 Timeline for implementation
 Customers expectation
The essential key information for a proper system design:
 Coverage area
 Building details
 Expected traffic
 Frequency plan
o Pilot pollution issues
o Carrier to Interference Ratio
3.2.1 Power level
A main parameter for the system design is the required signal strength level.
The minimal required signal strength level should be selected in accordance to the on site
conditions. There are several parameters to take into consideration.
Typical values for the min. required signal strength level are in the range of -80dBm to 85dBm for Common Pilot Channel (CPICH).
Other present cells (usually strong outdoor cells) may require to increase the signal strength
level at least 10dB (-70 to-75dBm for CPICH).
In CDMA systems, the indicated minimum signal strength level refers to the CPICH,
representing the most important parameter for the RF-designer. It is essential for a proper
connection that the mobile can receive a dominant CPICH; otherwise poor quality of service
occurs (QoS).
Poor QoS results in dropped calls, poor voice quality and poor data throughput.
High signal strength level needs more active equipment resulting in higher costs for the
system.
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3.2.2 Coverage area / Architecture drawings
For optimizing a system design it is essential to have knowledge about the areas to be
covered.
A typical indication for the area to be covered is the reception probability:
-85dBm@95%RP means that 95% of the Building has to get covered with a signal strength
level better -85dBm.
Typical values for the minimum signal strength level are in the range of 85dBm to 95dBm, a
reception probability of 98% represents a very high demand.
Building drawings showing the structure of the floors or levels and can be useful to evaluate
type and structure of the walls and other constructions inside (pylons, elevators, stairs, etc).
This is very important for the calculation of the propagation loss which is a main parameter
for the link budget.
To prevent insufficient coverage it is very important to analyze losses from walls or obstacles
in the design process.
The evaluation of all losses for the propagation path is a critical point, because it is not
possible to get exact figures for the RF-attenuation from each wall.
Table 2 shows typical losses for commonly used materials in building constructions.
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The following typical wall attenuations were observed:
Type
Attenuation [dB]
Thin concrete wall - 10cm (4 inches)
Thick concrete wall - 13cm (5 inches)
13
External wall front with windows
External wall front without windows
10
Porous concrete
Dry wall, sheetrock
1-2
Wood structure, wood door
Glass
Concrete floor
13
Brick Wall - 10cm (4 inches)
Brick Wall - 6cm (2 inches)
Partitions metal
1-2
Plastic structure
0.5
Glass with metal grid
Table 2 Typical attenuation for different materials (source: Wireless Valley)
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Statistical models are helpful if the type of building can be classified:
Model Name
Path Loss Equation [dB]
Retail Store
PL (d) = 22 Log(3.28*d) + 20.1
Suburban Office Bldg - Open Floor Plan
PL (d) = 24 Log(3.28*d) + 19.1
Suburban Office Bldg - Soft Partitions
PL (d) = 28 Log(3.28*d) + 17.0
Suburban Office Bldg - Hard Partitions
PL (d) = 30 Log(3.28*d) + 16.0
University
PL (d) = 0.6232(d)+ 63
Motorola Cluttered
PL (d) = 0.594(d) + 71
Motorola Uncluttered
PL (d) = 0.3608(d) + 55
Free Space @ 894 MHz
PL (d) =20 Log (3.28*d) + 21
Table 3 Typical attenuation for different building types (source: Wireless Valley)
PL: Path loss (dB)
d: Distance from Remote Radio Head to mobile user
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130
120
110
Path Loss (dB)
100
90
80
70
60
50
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
85
95
105
115
125
135
D istan ce (m )
Su b u rb a n O ffice Bld g .o p e n Pla n
Su b u rb a n O ffice Bld g . So ft p a rtitio n
Su b u rb a n O ffice Bld g . Ha rd p a rtitio n
Mo to ro la C lu tte re d
Mo to ro la Un clu tte re d
F re e Sp a ce (@ 8 9 4 MHz)
Figure 12 Path loss models (source: Wireless Valley)
Nevertheless it is very important to check possible locations for the antennas and the
equipment.
 Observe building layout
o Locations for RF source first

Remote Radio Head Placements
o Ideal vs. reality
o Aesthetic issues
o Suspended ceiling a plus
o Columns and pillars
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3.2.3 Type of Building
ClearFill®Star is a confined area coverage solution, applicable primarily to buildings.
Building types:

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






Enterprise
Office building
Airport
Residential
Hotel
Hospital
Fairground
Shopping Mall
Garage, Car Park area
Building topologies:


Isolated Building
Campus areas
Systems for enterprise buildings are more challenging to design due to the construction with
concrete walls, concrete pylons and many obstacles like metallic racks, machinery, storage
areas, etc.
Office areas, Fairgrounds and Shopping malls are usually wide open areas. The construction
is usually made from metal or concrete at the outside, which is positive due to less
interference from outdoor cells. The inner area is made by a few dry or sheetrock walls.
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3.2.4 Number of Users
One CDMA channel can handle up to 56 users at the same time. A ClearFill®Star BSI
supports the capacity of 1 CDMA carrier. If more capacity is required, additional CDMA
carriers can be designed to overcome capacity limitations.
Fairgrounds, theatres, stadium areas, meeting rooms and campuses
are areas that might require capacity extension.
Capacity planning has to be discussed with the network operator,
responsible in general for the Base Transceiver Station.
st
1 step: Estimate number of subscribers
2nd step: Determine Erlangs usage

In-building clients > 25 mE/sub average
3rd step: Decide quality of service (QoS)


2% blocking high
Recommended 0.2 % blocking
Erlang B table should be used to verify the required number of channels.
The result may necessitate more than 1 RF source.
Erlang B formula
Pb blocking  
AC / C!
Ak

k  0 k!
Figure 13 Erlang B formula
-1
#Trunked channel, C=6
#Trunked channel, C=14
#Trunked channel, C=22
#Trunked channel, C=30
#Trunked channel, C=38
#Trunked channel, C=46
Probability of Blocking (P [blocking])
10
-2
10
(0.002; 5.92)
(0.002; 1.32)
(0.002; 17.60) (0.002; 30.54)
(0.002; 11.52)
(0.002; 23.97)
-3
10
10
10
10
Traffic Intensity in Erlang (A)
Figure 14 Traffic Intensity
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3.2.5 Typical parameters
Typical parameters for the system design are:
Required signal strength level for CPICH:
-80dBm…-85dBm
Required signal strength level for CPICH:
(Strong outdoor signal present)
-70dBm…-75dBm
Reception probability (typical):
90%..95%
Coverage area for 1 RRH (typical):
2,500 sqm (25,000 sqft)
Typical propagation loss for antenna radius 28m (92 ft):
(Office area with sheetrock walls)
3.3
-81 dB
Design step by step
This chapter explains the steps for designing a ClearFill®Star system.
The assumptions and parameters for the design are explained in section 3.2.
3.3.1 Determine coverage area per RRH
A ClearFill®Star RRH for CDMA with a CPICH output power of +4dBm (+14dBm carrier
output power) can cover an area of 2500 sqm (25,000 sqft) under standard conditions.
Deviations from the standard conditions have an impact on the propagation loss:


Additional wall loss or obstacles reduce the coverage area
Less walls or less attenuation increase the coverage area.
3.3.2 Number of RRH for Coverage 3G1x and EV-DO
The maximum distance between RRH and mobile should not exceed 28m (92 ft) (for
standard conditions).
It is possible to place several RRHs at the area to be covered by using RF-prediction
software tools. The prediction software calculates and shows the estimated RF-coverage
based on building and system parameters.
The quality of the coverage prediction is highly dependant on the accuracy of the building
parameters.
When designing a ClearFill®Star system without using a prediction tool, the first step should
be to divide the area to be covered (e.g. complete floor or room) by the estimated coverage
area of an RRH.
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Example 1:
By using the standard propagation model, 2 Remote Radio Heads can cover a rectangular
office floor with the dimensions 100m x 50m (330 ft x 165 ft).
Example 2:
For an office floor with the dimensions 100m x 100m (330ft x 330ft), 4 RRHs should be used.
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Up to 24 RRHs can be connected to a summing GES. The number of RRHs is independent
from the type of service (voice or data) for CDMA. At least 24 RRHs for voice 3G1x, 24
RRHs for data transmission EV-DO and the required number of RRHs for the guided hardhandover- service, called the beacon feature, can be connected to a summing GES.
For detailed information concerning summing modes please refer to section 3.5.
3.3.3 Number of RRH for beacon
ClearFill®Star system is capable to guide hard handovers from the outdoor macro carriers to
the indoor carrier and vice versa reaching similar handover success rates as the soft
handover in CDMA. The guided hard handover is supported by implementing a set of beacon
RRHs at each entrance area.
A set of beacon RRHs consists of one RRH for the macro frequencies (installed inside the
entrance) and one RRH for the indoor frequencies (located at the outside close to the door
area).
Beacon RRHs can be connected without any impact on the maximum number of RRHs that
can get connected to a summing switch.
RRH can generate up to 7 pilot beacon signals to support the hard handover. The beacon
signals are generated alternatively to the mobile signal coverage function.
For further information, please refer to chapter3.5.
3.3.4 Number of BSI
The BSI is the interface between BTS and Ethernet Infrastructure. Its function is in downlink
to digitize and packet according to Ethernet standard the RF signal of the base station.
For the uplink the BSI translates the digitized packet stream back to RF.
A summing function is included in the BSI, which sums the UL data streams of several
RRHs.
The BSI is supporting voice or data service. A Twin-BSI can support 1 carrier voice and 1
carrier data or 2 carriers for each service (2 carriers for voice OR 2 carriers for data).
The number of BSIs depends on the capacity requirement; one single BSI can handle one
carrier.
See Figure 15 and Figure 16 for typical BSI configurations.
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3.3.4.1 Example 1 for Twin BSI configuration
1 carrier for data and 1 carrier for voice:
 1 carrier CDMA 1900 3G1X
AND
 1 carrier CDMA 1900 EV-DO
Figure 15 Example 1 for Twin-BSI configuration
Twin BSI configuration for 2 carriers/each service:
 2 carriers CDMA 1900 3G1X
OR
 2 carriers CDMA 1900 EV-DO
Figure 16 Example 2 for Twin-BSI configuration
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3.3.5 Number of GES
The Gigabit Ethernet switch supports the functionality of the Remote Radio Heads and the
NMS. All GES-settings are controlled and realized via NMS.
The GES provides Power over Ethernet (POE) to the RRHs and the BSI.
The GES can handle RRHs supporting voice, data and beacon service and BSI’s.
Up to 12 Ethernet ports are available at the GES. Ports 11 and 12 can be used as optical
ports, by using these ports only ports 1 to 10 can be used for an Ethernet based connection.
The optical ports of the GES can be used to overcome the Ethernet based distance limitation
of 100m (330ft) for cascaded Gigabit Ethernet switches (tier 2 level, …) and/or the NMS.
Figure 17 GES front view
Ethernet ports 1-10 (RJ-45 type) are for connection of:
 3G1x from/to BSI
 EVDO from/to BSI
 NMS
 RRHs for 3G1x
 RRHs for EVDO
 RRHs for Beacon
Ethernet ports 11 and 12 are meant to connect GES to:
 Tier 2/TierX Gigabit Ethernet Switches

NMS
Optical ports (SFP type), can be used alternatively to Ethernet Port 11 and 12, for connection
of:
 Gigabit Ethernet Switches
 NMS
The system structure for the GES and RRHs should be designed as a star hierarchy, so that
each RRHs is connected to the main (Tier1) GES through the same number of GES.
Data, voice and beacon RRHs can be mixed at the cascaded GES. The last cascade needs
one Ethernet port for the connection to the next GES (in topology). This ensures that 11
Ethernet ports can be used for the RRHs. Up to 16 RRHs for each service (data or voice)
can be connected to a single BSI.
The Tier1 or main GES will act as the central point for all switches and the NMS, it is called
root switch.
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The number of GES depends on the RRH quantity and can be affected by distance.
A good design is to place a GES in a central location within a group of RRHs (up to 11
RRHs, because one port is needed for the connection to the next GES).
This minimizes the distance to each RRH. It is essential that the Ethernet cable length of
100m (330ft) is not exceeded.
RRH Summing for Uplink:
A summing function is included in the RRH, it sums the UL data streams for data or voice of
up to 8 RRHs of the same GES. Beacon RRHs are not affected.
When all GES ports are connected with the maximum number of RRHs for a service, the
maximum number of summing RRHs for data or voice is 2.
A cascaded structure can support up to 8 summing RRHs per service or sector.
The next pages show examples for the system structure of GES and RRHs:
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3.3.5.1 ClearFill®Star example configuration 1 for PCS1900:




1 Carrier 3G1x (Voice)
1 Carrier EV-DO (Data)
1 Entrance covered with Beacon feature
Area to be covered (typical for office) 2,500sqm (25,000 sqft)
Figure 18 ClearFill®Star setup example 1
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3.3.5.2 ClearFill®Star example configuration 2 for PCS1900




1 Carrier 3G1x (Voice)
1 Carrier EV-DO (Data)
1 Entrance covered with Beacon feature
Area to be covered (office) 10,000sqm (100,000 sqft) (4 RRH with 2,500sqm/each)
Figure 19 ClearFill®Star setup example 2
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3.3.5.3 ClearFill®Star example configuration 3 PCS1900




Max configuration for 1 GES
1 Carrier 3G1x (Voice)
Area to be covered (typical for open office) 25,000sqm (250,000 sqft)
(10 RRHs with 2,500sqm/each (25,000 sqft/each))
Figure 20 ClearFill®Star setup example 3
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3.3.5.4 ClearFill®Star example configuration 4 for PCS1900




2 Carriers 3G1x (Voice)
2 Carriers EV-DO (Data)
Area to be covered (typical for open office) 10,000sqm (100,000 sqft)
Carrier allocation
Figure 21 ClearFill®Star setup example 4
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3.3.5.5 ClearFill®Star example configuration 5 for PCS1900





1 Carrier 3G1x (Voice)
1 Carrier EV-DO (Data)
2 Entrances covered by Beacon feature
Area to be covered (typical for open office) 20,000sqm (200,000 sqft)
(8 RRHs/each service with 2,500 sqm/each (25,000 sqft/each))
Figure 22 ClearFill®Star setup example 5
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3.4
Estimated RF Coverage per RRH
3.4.1 Propagation Model (Free Space Loss)
A simplified model is used to calculate the propagation losses for in- and outdoor
environments.
Free-space propagation conditions are assumed. Obstacles penetrated in direction of
transmission are causing additional RF losses.
Due to relatively short ranges in buildings, line-of-sight conditions can be assumed which are
interrupted by obstacles. Consequently, impact of scattering is neglected. That leads to a
fading model in which the logarithmic normal portion is only to representing shadowing
effects. The Raleigh fading for non-line-of-sight conditions is deliberately ignored to simplify
the model.
The propagation losses are calculated with the formula below:
Losses [dB] = 32.4 + 20 * log10 (Frequency [GHz]) + PC * 10 * log10 (Distance[m])
+ Wall losses [dB] + fading margin [dB]
PC: propagation coefficient
The propagation coefficient PC is dependant on the building itself and has to be adapted in
order to meet the building topology. Estimates of PC are shown in Table 4.
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Environment
Description
PC Low-Band
< 1GHz
PC High-Band
> 1GHz
Free Space
Corridor
2.0
2.0
Open: With very few RF
obstacles
Parking Garage,
Convention
Center
3.37
3.01
Moderatly Open:
With low to medium
amount of RF obstacles
Warehouse,
Airport,
Manufacturing
3.5
3.2
Mildly Dense:
With medium to high
amount of RF obstacles
Retail, Office
Space with
approx. 80%
cubes and 20%
hard-walled
offices
3.61
3.31
Moderately Dense:
With medium to high
amount of RF obstacles
Office Space with
approx. 50 %
cubes and 50 %
hard-walled
offices
3.76
3.48
Dense:
With high amount of RF
obstacles
Hospital, Office
Space with
approx. 20%
cubes and 80 %
hard-walled
offices
3.94
3.81
Table 4 Examples for Propagation Coefficient (source: Wireless Valley)
3.4.1.1 Free Space Path Loss
For free space propagation loss the formula defined in section 3.4.1 can be used. Wall
losses can be removed from the formula and the propagation constant has to be chosen to
be 2.
This model can be basically chosen for open indoor environments like rural areas.
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3.4.1.2 In-Building Path Loss
For in-building applications, the PC has to be chosen correctly as already mentioned above.
In addition to free space propagation, additional wall losses have to be introduced.
Guidelines for different kind of wall types are presented in Table 5.
Attenuation /
frequency
-------------Costructional
element
Attenuati
on @900
MHz
Attenuation
@1850
MHz
Attenuation
@2400
MHz
Attenuation
@5000
MHz
Basement or
foundation
wall
13 dB
14 dB
15 dB
15 dB
Brick,
concrete and
concrete block
13 dB
14 dB
15 dB
15 dB
Cubicle wall
1 dB
1.5 dB
2 dB
2 dB
Drywall or
sheetrorck
2 dB
2.5 dB
3 dB
3 dB
Elevator or
metallic
obstacle
5 dB
8 dB
10 dB
10 dB
Glass door or
window, no
tint
2 dB
2.5 dB
3 dB
3 dB
Metallic rack
6 dB
6 dB
6 dB
6 dB
Wooden door
2 dB
2.5 dB
3 dB
3 dB
Table 5 RF losses due to physical obstacles (Reference: Wireless Valley)
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3.4.2 Power Level Estimation (Link Budget)
This section describes the calculation of the expected UL and DL reception power levels. For
this sample investigation a standard model of an area of 50 x 50 sqm (25,000 sqft) (resulting
in a coverage radius of 34m (110 ft)) has been chosen to provide coverage and capacity for.
The model to calculate the propagation losses in indoor environments is described in section
3.4.1. In areas blocked by walls the simplified model is extended for non-line-of-sight
conditions that cause Rayleigh fading. These conditions request an extended margin of
11dB. The propagation model assumptions are summarized in Table 6 Propagation
Parameters
Propagation
Wall loss
Fading loss (NLOS)
Fading loss (LOS)
Cell
Free space
13
11
PCS
Free space
14
11
Table 6 Propagation Parameters
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3.4.2.1 Downlink
A coverage radius of a RRH in DL is calculated to be 28 m assuming 14 dBm composite
output power of the RRH, a composite reception level of -85 dBm at 95 % reception
probability at the handheld and the above given propagation model.
RRH Output Power Level
14.0 dBm
CPICH Power Level
7.0 dBm
RRH Antenna Gain
0.0 dBm
CPICH EIRP
0.0 dBm
Frequency
1950.00 MHz
min. Distance
max Distance
RRH Antenna Height
3.50 m
Fading Margin
2.00 dB
Body Loss
3.00 dB
Slope Factor
2.00
2.20
Wall Loss
0,00 dB
13.00 dB
Mobile Antenna Gain
0.00 dB
Mobile Antenna Height
1.50 m
Nominal Reception
Power Level (CPICH)
---
6.00 dB
-85.00 dBm
Reception Power Level / min. Distance
-42.26 dBm
Max. Distance
27.77
Coverage area per antenna
2422.14 m2
Path Loss
92.00 dB
Table 7 Downlink Parameters
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3.4.2.2 Uplink
For the mobile, the output power and dynamic range was assumed as shown in Table 8.
Cell
Maximum mobile output
power
Minimum mobile output
power
Mobile Antenna loss
Body loss
Mobile dynamic
Table 8 Power levels of mobiles
27 dBm
-50
dBm
-6 dBi
2 dB
77 dB
GSM850
33 dBm
5 dBm
-6 dBi
2 dB
28 dBm
PCS
GSM1900
23 dBm
30 dBm
-50 dBm
0 dBm
-6 dBi
2 dB
73 dB
-6 dBi
2 dB
30 dB
The schematic scenario for calculation of the UL dynamic range is illustrated in Figure 23
Scenario for UL reception power level calculation
BTS
ClearFill.Star1
Mobile Dynamic
System Dynamic
Coverage Radius
Figure 23 Scenario for UL reception power level calculation
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The calculation result for the UL reception power levels is summarized in Table 9.
Cell
Distance handheld
RRH
Reception level with
max power at
handheld
Reception level with
min power at
handheld
PCS
2.5 m
34 m
2.5 m
34 m
-18dBm
-67dBm
-29dBm
-79dBm
-95dBm
-144dBm
-102dBm
-152dBm
GSM-850
Distance handheld
RRH
Reception level with
max power at handheld
Reception level with
min power at handheld
2.5 m
-12
dBm
-40
dBm
GSM-1900
6.5 m
-20 dBm
-48 dBm
34 m
-61
dBm
-89
dBm
2.5
-22
dBm
-52
dBm
34 m
-72
dBm
-102
dBm
Table 9 Reception power levels for ClearFill®Star-CDMA
6.5m correspond to a distance at which a GSM mobile produce an input power level of –
20dBm to the system (when transmitting at maximum power level). For this calculated
distance no fading effects and wall losses have been considered.
In CDMA systems all mobiles are controlled via BTS to generate the same power level at the
BTS in UL. Assuming a mobile at maximum coverage radius, the maximum expected input
power level ClearFill®Star system is –67 dBm for CELL and –79 dBm for PCS under listed
conditions of Table 6 Propagation Parameters
and Table 9.
Full data rates in UL are requested at Rx levels of –67 dBm for CELL and –79 dBm for PCS.
3.4.2.3 Noise
The absolute minimum UL input power level is defined by the sensitivity of the system.
Assuming a channel bandwidth of 1.25MHz, a noise figure of 12 dB and a min. required
signal to noise ratio of 13.5 dB, the sensitivity of the system is calculated to be –87.,5 dBm.
This represents the minimum input power level that can be transmitted by ClearFill®Star
system (supporting SNR of 13.5dB) and that can be processed by a BTS.
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3.4.3 Link Loss (Coverage distance)
Indoor Losses by propagation coefficients
900 MHZ
Loss / dB
120,0
110,0
100,0
3,37
90,0
80,0
3,5
3,61
70,0
3,94
60,0
3,76
50,0
10
20
30 40
50 60
70
80 90 100
Distance / m
Figure 24 Indoor Loss for Different Building Types at 900 MHz
Indoor Losses by propagation coefficients
1900 MHZ
120,0
Loss / dB
110,0
100,0
3,01
90,0
3,2
80,0
3,31
70,0
3,81
60,0
3,48
50,0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Distance / m
Figure 25 Indoor Loss for Different Building Types at 1900 MHz
3.4.4 Only one direct connected antenna (in preparation)
3.4.5 Examples of Coverage Estimates (in preparation)
3.5
Right-sizing - the beacon feature (in preparation)
3.6
Capacity demand - number for BSIs (in preparation)
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3.7
System Architecture
3.7.1 Rules from the Ethernet World
3.7.1.1 CAT5 lengths
Maximum CAT5 (or higher) cable length is 100 m (300 ft).
3.7.1.2 Optical lengths
Maximum length of the multi mode fibers is 550 m (1650 ft)
3.7.1.3 Cascade
Rules:





Up to 4 Levels, including the main switch connected to the BSI.
It is mandatory that all RRHs have same number of switches on the signal path to the
BSI. This is applicable for each VLAN.
Per switch a RRH is automatically assigned for the summing of up to 8 RRHs.
The maximum number of RRH (summing or not), connected to one GES is limited to
8. For higher numbers, PoE limitations may apply.
The total number of RRH per BSI is limited to 16.
3.7.2 Gigabit Ethernet Switch
3.7.2.1 Layer
Layer 2 in the physical layer model
3.7.2.2 Cascade
Rules:





Up to 4 Levels, including the main switch connected to the BSI.
It is mandatory that all RRHs have same number of switches on the signal path to the
BSI. This is applicable for each VLAN.
Per switch a RRH is assigned for the summing of up to 8 RRHs. In case more than 8
are connected to an individual switch there will be 2 RRHs dedicated for the
summing.
This should be avoided for the time being. Typical use case is 2 VLANs on the switch
(not more than 8 RRHs per VLAN per Switch).
The maximum number of RRH (summing or not), connected to one BSI is limited to 8.
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3.7.3 Example system architecture
3.7.4 System feeding
Adding Capacity by Growing Sectors on In-Building Solutions with ClearFill®Star: Unlike in
the Macro Network, it is recommended that capacity be grown by adding sectors to the inbuilding system. The reason for this is increasing the number of sectors improves the ability
to locate users within a building. Also, adding sectors to a ClearFill®Star System is less
expensive than adding carriers.
Identifying the position of a user in a building is done by determining which base station
sector is serving them. So by adding sectors, you are able to more accurately determine
where a user is within a building or campus.
Each Base Station Interface (BSI) handles one sector and one carrier. Each Remote Radio
Head (RRH) handles one sector and one carrier. Each Point of Intercept (POI) handles a
carrier. Obviously to add either a carrier or a sector the base station needs additional
equipment. The base station for ClearFill®Star doesn’t need amplifiers or filters, but still has
MCR (Radio) and URC (Radio Controller) and CMU (Channel Elements).
If a sector is added to increase capacity, then while a POI is not needed, a BSI, MCR and
CMU is needed. If a carrier is added to increase capacity, an MCR is not needed, but a POI,
BSI and CMU is needed. So the difference between adding a sector rather than adding a
carrier is the need for a MCR (when adding a sector) versus the need for a POI (when
adding a carrier). The additional sectors help to pinpoint end user location within the
building. The need for a URC depends on the base station’s total number of carriers. A
URC does not need to be added when a sector is added.
A benefit of ClearFill®Star lies in its ability to use software to define the building or campus
area covered by a sector, or by a carrier. The CFS Network Management System can
change, via its GUI, which sector is radiated by any of the RRHs and/or what carrier is
radiated.
So as capacity needs change within the building or campus, the coverage footprint of
individual sectors or individual carriers may be modified.
3.7.4.1 POI
RFS offers RF Point-of-Interconnect devices (POIs) to ease the RF connectivity (splitting /
combining / RF leveling) between BSI and BTS.
The POI allows RF leveling by manually switchable attenuators to set:
 Nominal RF input power (downlink, forward) into the BSI (-57dBm)
 The signal into the BTS (uplink, reverse)
For example: The POI RFS CFS-POI-S1S2-819 (19” rack mount passive device) accepts a
simplexed (forward, reverse separate connectors) 850 or 1900 band signal and splits it into
two simplexed signals to connect with two BSIs (so-called twin BSI 19" rack). The 1900 MHz
version RFS CFS-POI-S1S2-19 accepts a simplexed (forward, reverse separate
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connectors), 1900 MHz band signal and splits it into two simplexed signals to connect to two
BSIs.
Each BSI has simplexed (forward, reverse separate) RF connectivity (two connectors per
band class). Each BSI is a single carrier device (by configuration) but is capable to accept a
multiple RF carrier signal: The BSI discerns (by configuration) the specific RF carrier which it
shall convert to Ethernet. If two in-band (e.g. 1900) carriers are present (typically 1x EV-DO,
1x voice indoors), two BSIs (one twin BSI with 2 independent BSIs) are needed.
For CDMA, there is only one type of (RF dualband) BSI which can handle either, 850 or PCS
signals. The BSI has two pairs of (simplex) connectors per band class (850 and 1900). The
system configuration (via CFS NMS) will set each BSI, making it operate either in 850 or
1900, and either 3G-1X or EVDO.
RF levels at interface BTS and ClearFill®Star:
Downlink (BTS to POI):
POI Input Power 0 dBm +/- 6 dB
BSI Input Power is – 57 dBm
POI attenuator setting so that BSI level is kept
Uplink (POI to BTS):
BSI output noise – 38.5 dBm at max gain , -51.5 dBm at min gain.
BSI output power (carrier @ full loading and max. gain): -4 dBm
POI attenuator setting nominal 49, up to 63 dB in 1 dB steps.
BTS Input noise level is -87.5 to -101.5 dBm (at max. gain)
3.7.4.2 Caution - system delay
As every type of distributed system, ClearFill®Star introduces considerable system delays
(latency) which need to be considered for proper setting of BTS parameters (e.g. search
window).
Delay times are dependent from the specific system topology. Approximate values for system
delay times are:
Downlink (BSI to RRH):
67.0 micro seconds (e.g. simple topology, 2 GES layers)
71.5 microseconds (e.g. typical topology, 3 GES layers)
75.0 microseconds (e.g. complex topology, 4 GES layers)
Uplink (RRH to BSI):
130 microseconds (e.g. simple topology, 2 GES layers)
131 microseconds (e.g. typical topology, 3 GES layers)
132 microseconds (e.g. complex topology, 4 GES layers)
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4 System Installation
4.1
General
4.1.1 Safety Considerations
PTFE and PTFE Composite Materials:
Materials should never be heated to the point where smoke or fumes are evolved.
Any person feeling drowsy after coming into contact with PTFE, especially dust or fumes
should seek medical attention.
4.1.2 Packing List
Each unit comes with a packing list. Please check the completeness of each unit and contact
RFS directly to claim any missing parts.
Each unit comes with required installation material for normal installation. In case, special
mounting places are foreseen (e.g. false ceilings or wooden walls), the special mounting
accessory is not part of the RFS delivery and has to be provided locally.
It is absolutely essential to document the system topology and the system setup.
Please write down during the installation:
 MAC address of every RRH and BSI
 Connected ports of every GES and devices they are connected to
 Sector each installed device is meant to operate in
4.1.3 Health and Safety Warnings







The installation may only be carried out by qualified personnel that are familiar with
the hazards involved and the relevant statutory regulations.
Read and obey all warning labels attached to the unit and in the manuals. Make sure
that the warning labels are kept in a legible condition and replace any missing or
damaged labels.
In the United States: Obey all Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OHSA)
regulations relating to work on high voltage installations, as well as regulations
covering correct use of tools and personal protective equipment. Outside the US,
please observe the local legal instructions concerning Safety and Health.
Keep user handbook within easy reach and make them available to all users.
It is the responsibility of the network provider to implement prevention measures to
avoid health hazards which may be associated to radiation from antennas connected
to any unit.
Use this equipment only for purpose specified by RFS. Do not carry out any
modifications or fit any spare parts which are not sold or recommended by RFS. This
could cause fires, electric shock, or other injuries.
Make sure the network element settings are according to the intended use (see also
product information of RFS) and regulatory requirements are met.
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4.1.4 Installation Locations and requirements
All RFS ClearFill®Star units are designed to be installed indoors.
The RFS ClearFill®Star equipment operates over CAT5, CAT-5E or CAT6 cable of type
unshielded twisted pair (UTP), foiled twisted pair (FTP) or screened twisted pair (ScTP), with
shielded RJ-45 connectors; or Single-mode fiber (SMF) or multi-mode fiber (MMF) cable with
SC/APC fiber connectors throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels.
All above named cables are widely used industry standards for Local Area Networks (LANs).
The regulations and guidelines for ClearFill®Star cable installation are identical to those
specified by the TIA/EIA 568-A standard and the TIA/EIA/IS-729 supplement for LANs.
RFS recommends plenum-rated Cat-5E/6 ScTP and fiber cable and connectors for
conformity to building codes and standards.
In order to meet FCC and CE Mark emissions requirements, the Cat-5E/6 cables must be
screened (ScTP) and it must be grounded using shielded RJ-45 connectors at both ends.
4.1.5 Recommended Tools/Installation Incidentals











Cable ties
Phillips screwdriver
7-inch lb. torch wrench
Drill
Fiber connector cleaning kit
Fusion splicer
Splicing tool kit (including: snips, cladding strippers, fiber cleaver, isopropyl alcohol,
lint-free wipes)
Fusion splicing sleeves
Fiber cleaning supplies: compressed air, isopropyl alcohol, lint-free cloths
2.5mm lint-free, foam tipped swabs
Compressed air
4.1.6 Accessories to be provided locally
For NMS Server (CFS-NMS-1):
 Monitor (VGA)
 Keyboard (PS2 or USB)
 Mouse (PS2 or USB)
 power cord, if different from US
 For each GBit Ethernet Switch (CFS-GES-1):
LAN cable to NMS
LAN cable for each BS Interface:
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4.2
System Installation (Hardware Installation)
The following has to be carefully observed during installation, because most of the following
issues are the cause of malfunctions:
 Faulty cabling/connector
 Dirty connectors and ports
 Malfunction of one or more components
 Antenna, base station, or repeater problem
 External RF interface
 Tripped circuit breaker
 Equipment is not grounded
Faulty cabling is the cause of a majority of problems. All Cat-5E/6 cable
should be tested to TIA/EIA 568-A specifications.
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4.3
Installation Radio Remote Head (RRH)
Before beginning the installation of the RRH, all RF cables (if applicable) and Ethernet cables
should be installed.
Please follow the general procedure for installing the RRH as it is
described below. It is important that the above installation instructions are
followed in the sequence presented to ensure a correct and save
installation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Transport the RRH to the installation site in its packaging.
Remove the RRH from its packaging and check for obvious signs of physical
damage. If unit is physically damaged do not proceed with the installation.
Check the packing for completeness according to the packing list.
Take the metallic holder for the RRH and us it as a template to mark the three
drilling holes at the designated mounting place.
The provided dowels in the accessories kit are suitable for installation in indoor
areas (closed spaces) only and for following wall constructions:
- Concrete
- Pre-stressed hollow-core concrete slabs
- Natural stone with dense structure
- Solid brick
- Sand-lime solid brick
- Solid block made from lightweight concrete
- Air Crete
- Solid panel made from gypsum
- Hollow block made from lightweight concrete
- Slabs made of perforated bricks
- Hollow concrete blocks etc.
In case the provided dowels do not fit, special fixing material has to be used. It has
to be ensured that the wall fixings are adequate for a total weight of more than 1.4
lbs (600 g).
Drill the holes to which the holder is to be fitted.
If the afore mentioned wall/roof construction is given, mount the holder with
appropriate dowels/screws to its place and mount the RRH onto the holder by
sliding it onto the holder. Check the firm fastening.
Connect the antenna or a DAS to the output port of the RRH. The connection cable
between RRH and antenna has to be < 3 m (< 10 ft). The orientation of the antenna
shall be vertical.
To complete the installation, connect the LAN cable to the RJ45-port of the RRH.
For rack-mount or desk-mount installations of the RRH, use the self-adhesive rubber
bumpers.
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4.4
Installation Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES)
GES is designed to be mounted into a 19” rack. Remove the GES from its packaging and
check for obvious signs of physical damage. If the unit is physically damaged do not proceed
with the installation. Check the packing for completeness according to the packing list.
To mount the GES to a rack, the angles that are delivered with the accessory kit have to be
fixed to the housing. Voltage of mains must 115/230 VAC ± 10%. Connect the mains cord
(from the accessory kit) to the rear connector of the GES and install the GES at its
designated place within the rack.
Interconnection of the GESs
Use IP ports 11 and 12 to connect the GES with other GESs. Port 11 and 12 are identical to
SFP ports 1 and 2. Use either IP port 11 OR SFP port 1. Use either IP port 12 OR SFP port
2.
After the physical setup has been performed and the BSIs and RRHs have been connected
to the GES, the IP setup can be done. This is described in section 4.7.3.
4.5
Installation Base Station Interface (BSI)
BSI is designed to be mounted into a 19” rack. Remove the BSI from its packaging and
check for obvious signs of physical damage. If the unit is physically damaged do not proceed
with the installation. Check the packing to completeness according to the packing list.
The BSI is ready to be installed directly at its designated place into the rack using the
accessories from the accessory kit. The BSI is power supplied via Ethernet (PoE), but there
is also an external power supply available, input voltage 90 – 264 VAC, output voltage
48VDC.
4.6
Installation NMS Server (Hardware)
Remove Network Management System Server for ClearFill®Star (CFS-NMS-1) from its
packaging and check for obvious signs of physical damage. If the unit is physically damaged
do not proceed with the installation. Check the packing to completeness according to the
packing list.
Install the NMS Server into a 19” rack. Connect a monitor, a keyboard, and a mouse (to be
provided locally) to the server using the appropriate interfaces on the front side.
Voltage of mains must be 115/230 VAC ± 10%. Connect the server at the rear side to mains
(cable to be provided locally).
Connect the server via its LAN connector (RJ45 on the front side) to the GBit Ethernet Switch
(CFS-GES-1) with a LAN cable (to be provided locally).
The CFS-NMS-1 installation is completed now.
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4.7
Commissioning of NMS
After all steps above have been done the NMS server can be started. The elements of the
system should be started (supplied with power) in this sequence:
 NMS server
 Root Switches (+BSI)
 Access Switches (RRHs are also started due to PoE)
4.7.1 Start of NMS Server
1. Press left most red button on front panel of NMS server until the fan power led starts
to glow (green led).
2. The windows operating system starts. The NMS server application and all necessary
services are started automatically in the background. This is done even before user
login. The server is operational now. Login is done in this chapter only to check if all
devices have been discovered correctly by NMS, usually the user login is only
necessary to change system settings.
3. This first run is only meant to check if all devices have been found.
4. The operating system prompts for a password.
Default password is: nmsadmin.
4.7.2 BTS – ClearFill®Star Integration
Refer to Section System Design, subsection POI, for appropriate RF levels and system delay
times.
4.7.3 Commissioning of ClearFill®Star via NMS
This chapter describes only how to use the NMS server to
check if all devices have been connected correctly. The NMS
server and the client application and the correct setup are
described in later chapters.
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4.7.3.1 IP Address Configuration
First of all the IP configuration has to be done for the whole network.
The GES are set to fixed IP addresses, the BSIs and RRHs are using dynamic IP addresses.
The NMS server is running a DHCP server to provide the dynamic IP participants with IP
addresses.
All GES are delivered with the same default IP address: 192.168.1.1.
Because of that the GESs have to be switched on one after another. Every time a new switch
has been switched on it has to get assigned a unique fixed IP address.
RFS recommends using switch addresses between 192.168.1.20 – 192.168.1.50, but users
are free to choose the fixed addresses according to their specific setups.
Procedure to set a fixed address to a GES
1. Open Microsoft Internet Explorer.
2. Enter the address “http://192.168.1.1” in the address window.
3. Login to the switch by using
Username:
admin
Password:
admin
Figure 26 GES Login Menu
4. Click on System in the left-hand sides menu.
5. Click on IP in the opening sub menu.
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Figure 27 GES IP Configuration Menu
6. Leave DHCP setting to
“Disable” (by drop down menu).
7. set IP address to the desired value (unique IP address within the network).
8. Set Subnet Mask to:
255.255.255.0
9. Set Default Gateway to:
192.168.1.4 (default address of NMS server)
10. Leave DNS server to:
0.0.0.0
11. Click on Apply.
12. Click on Reboot in left hand side menu.
13. Click on “Save and Reboot” in the right hand side window.
Repeat this procedure with every GES in the network. Start with the switch that is closest to
the BSIs (root switch) and follow the network topology to the GES that has the longest
topological distance to the BSI (access switches).
After following this IP setup the GESs should have their own individual IP addresses.
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4.7.3.2 SNMP Configuration of GES
The Switches have to communicate via SNMP with the NMS server. This chapter shows how
to setup a GES for SNMP support.
Procedure to set a GES to support SNMP:
1. Open Microsoft Internet Explorer.
2. Enter the address “http://192.168.1.1” in the address window.
3. Login to the switch by using
Username:
admin
Password:
admin
4. Click on SNMP in the left-hand sides menu. See Figure 28for the SNMP menu that
appears.
5. Set SNMP to:
enable
6. Set Get Community to:
public
7. Set Set Community to:
private, Enable
8. Set Trap Host 1 IP Address to:
192.168.1.4; 162; public
9. Click on Apply .
10. Click on Reboot on the left hand side menu.
11. Click on “Save and Reboot” in the left hand side menu.
Repeat this procedure with every GES in the network. Start with the switch that is closest to
the BSIs (root switch) and follow the network topology to the GES that has the longest
topological distance to the BSI (access switches).
After following this procedure all GES are ready for SNMP usage.
Figure 28 GES SNMP configuration menu
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4.7.3.3 STP configuration of GES
The ClearFill®Star system uses the spanning tree protocol. It has to be activated in every
GES. Procedure to set a GES to support STP:
1. Open Microsoft Internet Explorer.
2. Enter the address “http://192.168.1.1” in the address window.
3. Login to the switch by using
Username:
admin
Password:
admin
4. Click on STP in the left-hand sides menu.
5. Click on the appearing sub menu Configuration, see Figure 29 for the STP menu that
appears.
6. Set “Spanning Tree Protocol” to:
enable (via drop down menu).
7. Set Bridge Priority to:
a. 36864 for an access switch (switch that is not directly connected to a BSI)
b. 4096 for a root switch
8. Set Hello Time to:
9. Set Max.Age to:
10. Set Forward Delay to:
11. Set Force Version to:
RSTP (via drop down menu)
12. Click on Apply.
13. Click on Reboot on the left hand side menu.
14. Click on “Save and Reboot” in the left hand side menu.
Repeat this procedure with every GES in the network. Start with the switch that is closest to
the BSIs (root switch) and follow the network topology to the GES that has the longest
topological distance to the BSI (access switches).
After following this procedure all GES are ready for STP usage.
Figure 29 GES STP configuration menu
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4.7.3.4 VLAN Configuration of GES
The ClearFill®Star system uses the tag based VLAN mode.
There are three different tags used in the ClearFill®Star network:
 NMS
 Voice
 Data
The three tags have to be configured in every GES. Also the support of every VLAN port has
to be setup for every port of the GES.
Therefore it is mandatory that a good documentation of the installed hardware is available. It
should have been created during the hardware installation process (see section 4.2).
For every GES it has to be known
 Which ClearFill®Star network elements are connected to which port?
 Which sector are the network elements supposed to be operating in?
The VLAN tags are chosen to reflect the sector.
Procedure to set a GES to support STP:
1. Open Microsoft Internet Explorer.
2. Enter the address “http://192.168.1.1” in the address window.
3. Login to the switch by using
Username:
admin
Password:
admin
4. Click on VLAN in the left hand side menu.
5. Click on VLAN Mode in the appearing submenu.
6. Select Tag-Based in the upper drop down menu.
7. Click on Apply.
8. Click on Tag-based Group in the left hand side menu.
9. Select default:
VLAN tag
10. Click on Edit.
11. Set VLAN Name to:
NMS
12. Set VID to:
13. Set SYM-VLAN to:
Enable (via drop down menu)
14. Set GVRP Propagation to:
Disable (via drop down menu)
15. Activate:
every port (1-12)
16. Click on Apply.
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Figure 30 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu for NMS
17. Click on Add.
18. Set VLAN Name to:
Voice
19. Set VID to:
20. Set SYM-VLAN to:
Enable (via drop down menu)
21. Set GVRP Propagation to:
Disable (via drop down menu)
22. Activate every port that is connected to a device that is going to operate within the
voice sector and activate ports 11 and 12. The last two ports are needed to route the
information through the cascaded GESs.
23. Click on Apply.
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Figure 31 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu for Voice
24. Click on Add.
25. Set VLAN Name to:
Data
26. Set VID to:
27. Set SYM-VLAN to:
Enable (via drop down menu)
28. Set GVRP Propagation to:
Disable (via drop down menu)
29. Activate every port that is connected to a device that is going to operate within the
data sector and activate ports 11 and 12. The last two ports are needed to route the
information through the cascaded GESs.
30. Click on Apply.
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Figure 32 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu for Data
Figure 33 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu
31. Click on VLAN on the left hand side menu
32. Click on the sub menu Tag Rule
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Figure 34 GES VLAN Tag Rule menu
33. Configure each port for of the GES according to its specific use.
34. Mark each port by clicking on the appropriate line and than click on Edit.
Figure 35 VLAN Tag Rule Edit Menu
35. Afterwards set the Role drop down menu according to the use of the port:
a. Ports that are used for the connection of an RRH or a BSI are set to “Hybrid”.
b. Ports that are used to connect the NMS/PC are set to: “Access”.
c. Ports that are used for the interconnection of GES are set to: “Trunk”.
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36. All other fields are set to default values:
a. PVID = “1”
b. Rule 1 = “disable”
c. Rule 2 = “disable”
d. “Untag VID” = “1”
37. To finish and store the GES configuration click on Reboot on the left hand side menu.
38. Click on “Save and Reboot” in the left hand side menu.
Repeat this procedure with every GES in the network. Start with the switch that is closest to
the BSIs (root switch) and follow the network topology to the GES that has the longest
topological distance to the BSI (access switches).
After following this procedure all GES are ready for VLAN tag usage.
4.7.3.5 Start NMS server for a first check
Please use keyboard and monitor attached to the started NMS server (see 4.7.1-Start of
NMS Server).
1. The operating system prompts for a password.
Default password is: nmsadmin.
After first login please change password according to corporate security
guidelines.
2. Start the WEB NMS Launcher by clicking on the appropriate icon.
3. The NMS server is running an automatic device discovery routine. This routine should
have automatically detected all devices within approximately 30 min. Please wait until
discovery has finished and all elements of your topology are displayed.
4. Click on “Application Client” within the appearing Web NMS Launcher window (see
Figure 36 Web NMS Launcher). The client is started.
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Figure 36 Web NMS Launcher Window
5. User is quoted for a password, default user name is “root”, default password is
“public” (see Figure 37 ClearFill®Star authentication).
After first login please change password according to corporate security
guidelines.
Figure 37 ClearFill®Star authentication
6. The client application appears. Open the Network Maps View (left side of screen),
click on “Switches”. In the appearing menu all GES switches that have been installed
before should be shown (see Figure 38). If not consult the network administrator.
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Figure 38 Network Map – Switches
7. Open the Uncofigured RRH / BSI Nodes View. It should contain all RRH and BSI
nodes that were installed before (see Figure 39). If not consult the network
administrator.
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Figure 39 Network Map – Unconfigured RRH / BSI Nodes
4.7.4 System optimization
In preparation
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5 NMS Overview
5.1
Introduction
The ClearFill®Star Application Client presents the system management information in two
different approaches. The first approach is the visual representation of the network elements
in the form of graphical maps, which capture the topological or geographical organization of
these elements. The second approach is an easy-to-access dynamic data representation
with tables that list the aspects that are managed by ClearFill®Star NMS.
The managed aspects are:
 Fault management
 Performance management
 Provisioning
5.2
Starting the NMS
After having installed all hardware mechanically, switch on the NMS Server.
When the display shows the WindowsXP® start window, enter as the initial password:
nmsadmin.
It is strongly recommended to change the password according to
corporate security guidelines.
As the server is normally not connected to the Internet, the windows
update function is disabled. It is up to the customer, to secure the network
against potential viruses etc. RFS is not responsible for any faults arising
from a virus attack against the server.
5.2.1 IP address setup
The IP addresses of the GES can be setup statically or dynamically.
The disadvantage of static IP is that IP addresses must be setup individually.
Dynamic IP addresses are also supported by the GBit switches. The procedure to set the IP
addresses (dynamically or statically) is described in section 4.4.
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5.3
Tools and Utilities of NMS server
This chapter describes the tools and utilities that are installed on the NMS server on delivery.
5.3.1 The Web NMS Launcher
The Web NMS Launcher is the central interface to start the NMS Application Client or any
other RFS tool or utility. It is started by clicking on Web NMS Launcher icon which is placed
on the windows desktop. See Figure 40 for the Web NMS Launcher window.
Figure 40 Web NMS Launcher window
The following sub menus are to be seen:





Start ClearFill NMS Server
This button starts the NMS application
Application Client
This button initializes the NMS client
Applet Client
For expert Modus
Shutdown ClearFill NMS Server
This button will shut down the NMS System
WEB NMS IDE
For expert Modus
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





Simulations and Browsers
For expert Modus
Administrator Tools
For expert Modus
Reinitialize ClearFill NMS
Will clear all data bases and the log files on the server.
Utilities
This button opens a sub menu with the following Icons:
o Back
Navigate back to the main menu
o LDAP Client
For expert Modus
o Configuration File Checker
For expert Modus
o ObjectToRelational
For expert Modus
o Menu Configurator
For expert Modus
o I18N Editor
For expert Modus
o Discovery Configurator
To discover the nodes on the network correctly, it is necessary to setup the
network discovery when starting the NMS software the first time. Open
“Utilities” and open up the “Discovery Configurator”.
Start ClearFill NMS Server
To start the NMS, double-click on the icon. In the lower window, the task in progress
will be displayed and an additional window (Apache) is opened. This window is to be
minimized. When “Please connect your client to the web server on port 9090” is
displayed, double-click the icon “Application Client” to start the client.
Application Client Starting
Double clicking this icon will start the NMS. When the applications client is started,
the log in window will appear (see section 5.3.3).
5.3.2 Discovery Configurator
After starting the Discovery Configurator via the Web NMS Launcher (see section 5.3.1,
submenu utilities) a multi tabbed window opens, initially displaying the General tab.
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5.3.2.1 General Tab
Figure 41 Discovery Configurator – General Tab
In the General tab, the following options are available. Activate or deactivate them by clicking
on the check mark symbol next to them.




AutoDiscovery
NMS does automatically add each node on the specified network
Rediscover Already Discovered
Enable the NMS to rediscover nodes that have already been discovered to check for
status changes.
Discover LocalNet
NMS to discover nodes attached directly to the NMS server.
Enable Log
Enable creation of log file
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Further more there are two buttons in the General Tab:
 Initial Parameters
Allows the user to manually define the parameters by which the NMS discovers the
nodes on the network with respect to the following Discovery interval:
o Rediscovery interval
o ICMP Ping retries
o SNMP Timeout
o SNMP Retries
o NativePing Timeout
o NativePing Retries
 Rediscovery
Open the Rediscovery Scheduler which allows the user to setup rediscovery at
regular intervals, specific dates or days of the week.
5.3.2.2 Protocol Tab
In the Protocol tab, the protocols to use for communicating with the devices on the network
are to be set. SNMP is the default the only supported protocol for the ClearFill NMS.
5.3.2.3 Network Discovery Tab
Figure 42 Discovery Configurator - Network Discovery tab
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In the Network Discovery tab, following options are available:
 Network to search
Checkmark each network to search for ClearFill Star Elements in the Discover
column.
 Discover
o Entire Network
For a complete discovery. This may take about 30 minutes
o Set of Nodes
Define a range of IP addresses to be searched with net mask, the start IP and
end IP
 DHCP
 SNMP
o SNMP Properties
5.3.2.4 Node Discovery Tab
The Node Discovery tab allows the user to add single nodes manually. This may also be
done in the Application Client, which is covered later on.
5.3.2.5 Criteria Tab
The Criteria tab allows the user to further define which nodes are added to the NMS based
on following criteria:


Property Name
Property Value
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5.3.3 ClearFill Star Client Login Window
Upon startup of the ClearFill Star Client, the login window appears.
The user is asked to enter a user ID and password to log in to the system.
Figure 43 Login Screen
Default account:
Username:
root
Password:
public
And click “Connect”
There is also an option to login remotely, that option is described in
section 7. The remote options are accessible via the Advanced button,
which is ignored in this section.
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5.3.4 Logs Window
Upon start-up of the Application Client the Logs window appears. This window displays
general information on the current system and will display feedback from the NMS with
regard to actions and services. It also displays system error messages.
Figure 44 Logs Window
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5.4
Main Window of NMS Application Client (structure)
The ClearFill®Star Application Client is the main tool to configure and maintain the
ClearFill®Star System. It is started via the Web NMS Launcher (see section 5.3.1).
After having started the NMS Client, two main windows appear:
 The Application Client with the default display for the Network Maps
 The Logs window (see section 5.3.4)
Figure 45 Application Client Screen
Layout
The Application Client has the classic Windows style, three pane look and feel with following
elements:




Menu Bar
Display Pane
Tree Pane
Alarm Summary Pane
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5.4.1 The Menu Bar
The menu bar is placed at the top edge of the display area.
The menu bar differs from screen to screen based on the functions and also based on
privileges of logged in user.
For instance, the Fault Management module has additional menu items for users with
administrator rights, such as Actions and Custom Views. But certain menu items, also
available for users with standard rights.
5.4.2 The Tree Pane
The Tree Pane contains different nodes that unfold when clicking on the node name or on
the plus sign in front of the node name. The upper most node is called Applications, it
contains these applications with following sub nodes:





Network Maps
o Switches
o Non-CFS Objects
o CFS Objects
o Unconfigured RRH/BSI Node(s)
o Failed Systems
o Configured RRF/BSI Node(s)
Fault Management
o Network Events
o Alarms
Provisioning
o Templates
o Activity List
Network Database
o Networks
o Nodes
o Interfaces
o Switches
o ClearFill Star BSI
o ClearFill Star RRH
SNMP Tools
o MIB Manager
o SNMP V3 Security
The displayed nodes are visible when logged in user has administrator
rights. Some of them are not visible when user has less user privileges.
Each of these nodes and their sub nodes are explained in the following sections.
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5.4.3 The Display Pane
The display pane is on the right-side of the Application Client window and appears as a
window within the main window. This panel shows details of the tree node that is selected in
the tree pane (see section 5.4.2). If for example Fault Management and on one of the
appearing nodes is selected in Tree Pane (like Network Events or Alarms), the information of
the selected node is shown in the Display pane.
5.4.4 The Alarm Summary Pane
The Alarm Count panel shows an overview of the current alarms, sorted by their severity
(major, minor, critical, etc.). The Alarm Count panel is located below the Application Client
Tree Panel (left-hand side). Clicking on an alarm count of a specific severity displays the
corresponding Alarm panel. This panel is updated automatically and in view any time,
independent of the functional view.
5.5
The NMS client functionality
This chapter describes the functionality of the ClearFill Star Application
Client. The way how to navigate to these applications and their sub nodes
is described in section 5.4.2
5.5.1 Network Maps
The ClearFill NMS server automatically discovers ClearFill®Star network elements.
All discovered network elements are presented parallel in two different formats: Maps and
Databases.
Network Maps are a graphical presentation, whereas Network Databases are textual (lists).
In general the same functions are accessible with both formats, but in certain situations one
format may turn out to be more convenient than the other. This is highly dependant on the
task to do and the user preferences.
This section explains the ClearFill®Star maps and the operations that can
be performed with Network Maps. See section 5.5.4 for the Network
Database explanations.
Select Network Maps in the tree view pane. While only the main node is selected the view on
the right-hand pane is blank (an image), but in the tree view on the left hand pane these
nodes are selectable.






Switches
Non-CFS Objects
CFS Objects
Unconfigured RRH/BSI Node(s)
Failed Systems
Configured RRH/BSI Node(s)
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5.5.1.1 Switches
Each discovered switch is presented as a schematic image of a switch front panel. Figure 46
shows an example of the switch view (with two switches in the network).
Figure 46 Switches
Every single port on the schematic switch drawing is either orange (no connection detected)
or green (connected). In the lower left corned the IP address of the switch is visible.
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5.5.1.2 Non-CFS Objects
Objects that have been found on the network and do not match the ClearFill®Star criteria are
listed in the Non-ClearFill Objects tab. These objects may include the following:
NMS appliance
NMS Client
Routers
Printers
PC and any other network device
Figure 47 shows an example of a map view for Non-ClearFill objects:
Figure 47 Map View for Non ClearFill devices
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5.5.1.3 CFS Objects
Objects that meet the ClearFill®Star criteria are listed under ClearFill Objects. Listed devices
include:
 BSI
 RRH
 Switches
Each node is presented with these features in every map view:
 IP Address
 Online / Offline status (Active / Failed)
Figure 48 shows an example of a map view with ClearFill®Star objects.
Figure 48 ClearFill®Star objects map
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5.5.1.4 Unconfigured RRH/BSI Node(s)
This map displays all BSIs and RRHs that are not configured for any sector. Devices shown
in this map have their sector id set to zero. See Figure 49 for an example view.
Figure 49 Unconfigured Devices Map
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5.5.1.5 Failed Systems
This map shows graphically each failed ClearFill®Star element on the network. Figure 50
shows an example for the failed nodes map view.
Figure 50 Failed Systems map
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5.5.1.6 Configured RRH/BSI Node(s)
The configured RRH/BSI nodes view shows all devices that are already configured. See
Figure 51 for a map view of the configured ClearFill®Star devices. Devices are considered to
be configured when the sector id is configured to be unequal zero.
Figure 51 Configured BSIs and RRHs map view
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5.5.2 Fault Management
5.5.2.1 Network Events
All network events are logged. They are displayed in the network events tab. See Figure 52
for an example for the network events view. The background color of each event informs
users of the nature of the event.
Figure 52 Network events view
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5.5.2.2 Alarms
All Alarms are logged and displayed in the Alarms view. See Figure 53 for an example
alarms view.
Figure 53 Alarms view
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5.5.3 Provisioning
5.5.3.1 Templates
The provisioning tab contains the template collection to provision the ClearFill®Star network
elements. The lists of templates available to the user are as follows:






AddClearFillObj
DeviceConfig
FirmwareDownload
RemoveSector
SectorConfiguration
SectorPilotConfiguration
See Figure 54 for an example of the provisioning templates view.
Figure 54 Templates Display Panel
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Invoking Provisioning Templates
Click on the Provisioning tab
Click on the templates child tab. A table of templates will appear in the Display Panel as in
the screen shot above.
Perform any of the following procedures to start the execution of a template:
 Right-click a row on the table and select Provision
 Double-click a row on the table
 Click a row in the table and from the Templates menu, choose Provision
 Click a row in the table and press Shift + Ctrl + P
5.5.3.1.1
Add Clear Fill Object
The AddClearFillObj provisioning template can be used to add a ClearFill Object which was
not discovered during the discovery process or which was added to the network after
discovery had finished. Double click the template name to start procedure and follow this
walk through. See Figure 55 for the AddClearFillObj template.
Figure 55 AddClearFillObj provisioning template
Enter the IP address and NetMask of the Node to be added to the ClearFill®Star network.
Click on Next button to add the node to the NMS. It will appear in its relevant Network Map
shortly after the window has closed.
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5.5.3.1.2
Device Configuration
The DeviceConfig provisioning template allows the user to setup ClearFill®Star elements
with a standard default template. See Figure 56 for an example screen shoot. Double click
on the template name and follow this walk through.
Figure 56 DeviceConfig provisioning template
Enter the name of the file to be used for the provisioning. The provisioning file must be in the
TFTP directory of NMS server. Use the check boxes behind ‘Start Configuration’ and ‘Finish
Configuration’ to enable or disable the notifications at the beginning and end of the
provisioning loops.
The template will then request which RRHs and BSI’s are to be configured.
RRHs and BSIs must be configured separately as they require different
template files.
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5.5.3.1.3
Firmware Download
The firmware download template is used to update ClearFill®Star network elements. See
Figure 57 for an example screen shoot.
Figure 57 Firmware download template
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5.5.3.1.4
Remove Sector
The remove sector template is used to remove the sector from a ClearFill®Star network. This
may be done the first time the system is started or later if the sector configurations have to
get changed. Double click on the template name and follow the walk through instructions to
remove a sector.
Figure 58 Remove Sector step 1
Step 1: Enter sector identification with by name or by number. Use the drop down list
(identify sector) to choose whether the entered sector identification is a sector name or a
sector number.
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Figure 59 Remove Sector step 2
Step 2: All devices that belong to the sector are listed. Click on Remove Sector button to
remove the configured sector information from the listed devices and thus clear the sector.
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Figure 60 Remove Sector step 3
Step 3: Finally all removed devices are listed. All tasks that had to be done to remove the
sector are listed. The status of each task is also listed. If any task is not in state successful
the sector has not been completely removed.
Any trouble reports have to be solved before a new sector is configured.
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5.5.3.1.5
SectorConfiguration
The sector configuration template is used to setup new sector. All devices that are supposed
to belong to a sector are selected from a list. Afterwards the sector information is written to
every selected device. There are three types of sectors:
 Voice (sometimes including pilot beacons)
 Data
 Pilot beacon.
This template is used to setup voice and data sectors. It is also used to configure voice
sectors that include one or more pilot beacons.
The sectors that provide only pilot beacon functionality are configured with template
SectorPilotConfiguration.
Please follow this walk through to configure a voice or a data sector.
Figure 61 SectorConfiguration template step 1
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Enter:
 Sector Name (usually Voice or Data)
 Sector Number (2 for Data, 3 for Voice)
 Frequency Band
 Channel Number
 Base Station PN Offset
 Service Type (Voice or Data)
Click on next to continue the setup.
Figure 62 SectorConfiguration template step 2
Select
 BSI of sector
 BSI auto start
Click Next to continue setup
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Figure 63 SectorConfiguration template step 3
Select:
 RRHs for sector
 RRH TX Power
 RX Gain
 RRH Auto Start
A data sector configuration is finished with this step. Add Provision to get directly to step 5.
When configuring a voice sector it is possible to continue with the configuration of a pilot
beacon from here. Click on Select Pilot Nodes for Sector to continue with pilot beacon
selection (step 4).
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Figure 64 SectorConfiguration template step 4
Select the RRH to be configured for pilot beacon use.
Click on Provision to finish the sector configuration.
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Figure 65 SectorConfiguration template step 5
The final screen of the sector configuration shows if the sector configuration has been
executed successfully. Any failed steps are listed here.
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5.5.3.1.6
SectorPilotConfiguration
This template is used to configure sectors that provide pilot beacon only functionality. Follow
this walkthrough to configure an RRH for pilot beacon use.
Figure 66 SectorPilotConfiguration template step 1
Step 1: Enter
 Sector Name
 Sector Number
 Frequency Band
 Channel Number
 Base Station PN Offset
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Figure 67 SectorPilotConfiguration template step 2
Step 2:
 Select BSI for the sector
 Enter BSI Auto Start
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Figure 68 SectorPilotConfiguration template step 3
Step 3:
 Select Pilot Beacon RRHs.
 Click on Provision Pilot Sector to finish setup of pilot beacon.
5.5.3.2 Activity List
Every activity is stored in the activity list. It can be used to verify if provisioning was
successful. It is possible to view results by double clicking on item and then again by double
clicking on the specific task. Results can also be monitored in the Logs Window.
Figure 69 Activity List
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5.5.4 Network Database
The Network Database view works in much the same way as the Network Maps view except
the format which is textual instead of graphical.
The Network Maps (graphical format) are described in section 5.5.1.
Click on Application Network Database in the tree pane (left-hand side). Following sub nodes
appear:
 Networks
 Nodes
 Interfaces
 Switches
 ClearFill Star BSI
 ClearFill Star RRH
The following chapters describe each of those sub nodes.
5.5.4.1 Networks
The Networks view shows all networks that are connected to the NMS server.
Right clicking on any network in the right-hand window brings up the network right click menu
(see chapter 5.6.3).
In right-click menu it is possible to stop and restart the node discovery. The current status of
the network discovery is shown in the list view as status value (see Figure 70) .
Figure 70 Network Database Network View
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The meaning of each value is:
1 = Discovery Yet to Begin
2 = Discovery in Progress
3 = Discovery Finished
4 = Discovery Disabled
5.5.4.2 Nodes
This view is used for the node configuration. Nodes can be configured both in the Network
Maps and in the Network Database view. Both support the configuration menus that are
accessed via right click on the node to be configured.
5.5.4.3 Interfaces
All interfaces are displayed and can be managed
5.5.4.4 Switches
All switches are displayed and can be managed
5.5.4.5 ClearFill Star BSI
All BSIs are displayed and can be managed
5.5.4.6 ClearFill Star RRH
All RRHs are displayed and can be managed
5.5.5 SNMP Tools
For expert mode only!
5.5.5.1 MIB Manager
For expert mode only!
5.5.5.2 SNMP V3 Security
For expert mode only!
5.6
Right Click Menus
The menus to access for example configuration features are usually hidden to keep the
screen from being too crowded by rarely used icons.
The device specific configuration features are displayed by right clicking on the device to
configure. This is done identically in the Network Database and Network Maps view. The
appearing menus are device specific.
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5.6.1 RRH/BSI Right-Click Options
For the RRH,BSI and summing nodes, the right click menus are as follows:
Figure 71 RRH/BSI Right Click Menu






Managed Object Properties
This menu allows the user to edit the managed object properties.
Delete Object and Traces
This menu allows the user to delete a node’s object and traces in the NMS.
Events And Alarms
Clicking on Events and Alarms shows the following screen for the node.
Configuration
This menu leads to RRH Configuration (section 5.6.3) or BSI Configuration (section
5.8), depending on what kind of device has been selected with the previous right
click.
UnManage
This option allows the user to unmanage the selected node from the NMS.
Update Status
This option refreshes the selected node’s status.
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5.6.2 Switch Right-Click Menu
Right clicking on any switch shows the following menu. Each option opens its respective
window.
Figure 72 Switch Right Click Menu
 Managed Object Properties
This menu allows the user to edit the managed object properties.
 Delete Object and Traces
This menu allows the user to delete a node’s object and traces in the NMS.
 HTTP Device
Opens an HTTP connection to the switch, the standard browser of the system is
started in an extra window.
 Telnet To Device
A telnet session to the switch is opened.
 Interfaces
An extra window with the switch interfaces is opened.
 IpNetToMedia Table
The IP Net To Media table is opened in an extra window.
 Events and Alarms
Open an extra window to display all active events and alerts of this switch.
 UnManage
This option allows the user to unmanage the selected node from the NMS.
 Update Status
This option refreshes the selected node’s status.
The Switch Status screen can be seen below. From this screen, it is possible to see which
ports are active and inactive as well as their respective locations, IP addresses and their
status.
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5.6.3 Network Right-Click Menu
In the Network application, it is possible to stop and restart the node discovery application by
clicking on the Networks view in the Application Client window as seen below.
Right click on the desired network and select either ‘Stop Discovery’ or ‘Start Discovery’ in
the context menu.
Figure 73 Network right-click menu with stop option
Figure 74 Network right-click menu with start option
The Discovery Status is displayed in the Network view under ‘Disc Status’. The meaning of
each value is:
1 = Discovery Yet to Begin
2 = Discovery in Progress
3 = Discovery Finished
4 = Discovery Disabled
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5.7
RRH Configuration
The RRH Configuration screen is accessed via the right click menu. Click on an RRH unit in
Network Maps or Network Database view and select Configuration->RRH Configuration.
Follow this walkthrough to setup an RRH unit.
The upper half of the configuration screen shows the IP address, the running status (online
or offline) and the MAC address of the device to be configured. Press Read Device to update
the screen by reading the device again.
There are also two error indicators:
 RF packet loss
 SYNC
The frame should be green to indicate flawless operation. The frame turns red in case of an
error condition.
The lower half of the configuration screen is divided into four tabs, the general configuration,
the pilot beacon configuration, the sector configuration and the status.
Figure 75 RRH General Configuration Tab
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In the general configuration tab it is possible to set:
 System location
 System contact
 Host Name
 TX power (dBm)
 RX Gain
Figure 76 RRH Pilot Beacon Configuration Tab
In the pilot beacon setup menu it is possible to set:
 The number of pilot frequencies (use the drop down menu in the lower left corner)
 7 pilot frequency windows, depending on the number that has been selected in the
drop down menu these are grayed out (unused) or white (settable)
 RRH PN Offset
 BTS PN Offset
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Figure 77 RRH Sector Configuration Tab
The sector configuration tab consists of:
 Sector Name
 Band
 BSI Node MAC
 Dest MAC
 Sector Number
 Channel
 Delay in micro seconds
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Figure 78 RRH Status Tab
The status menu consists of:
 RF Output Power
 RX Channel Power
 EEPROM Check Status
 GP Bad Frame Error Count
 Packet Drop Count
 Missing Sample Count
 Bad CDMA Packet Count
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5.8
BSI Configuration
The BSI Configuration screen is accessed via the right click menu. Click on a BSI unit in
Network Maps or Network Database view and select Configuration->BSI Configuration.
Follow this walk through to setup a BSI unit.
The upper half of the configuration screen shows the IP address, the running status (online
or offline) and the MAC address of the device to be configured. Press Read Device to update
the screen by reading the device again.
There are also two error indicators:
 RF packet loss
 SYNC
The frame should be green to indicate flawless operation. The frame turns red in case of an
error condition.
The lower half of the configuration screen is divided into two tabs, the general configuration
and the sector configuration.
Figure 79 BSI Configuration General Tab
In the General Configuration Tab it is possible to set:
 The system location
 System contact
 Host name
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Figure 80 BSI Configuration Sector Tab
In the sector configuration tab it is possible to see the current setting of
 Sector name
 Sector number
 Band
 Channel
 Delay in micro seconds
5.8.1 Fault Management
All events (traps) and alarms in a network are shown in the Fault Management applications.
These sub nodes are accessible when fault management application has been selected in
the tree view.
 Network Events
 Alarms
These options are available for both views:
 Search for Events
 Save Events
 Export Events
 Print Events
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5.8.1.1.1
Event search options
The search option is designed to look for a particular event within the Network Event list. The
search operation is performed in the database and is not restricted to the events that are
currently visible in the Application Client panel.
To search for an event do one of the following actions while in Network Events view:
 From Edit menu, choose Search.
 From the toolbar, click Find button.
 Press Ctrl+F.
Figure 81 Search Window
After opening the search window there is one line with a criteria to be defined visible. Two
drop down menus are available to select a column to search through (Status, Source, Date
or Message) and the criteria to look for. In the text box the user has to enter a search pattern
to look for.
After this search pattern has been configured another search criteria can be added by
clicking the More button.
The Fewer button removes a previously added search criteria.
In the lower right corner there is the option: ‘Match any of the following’.
If the checkbox is activated any messages that match any of the previously defined criteria
are listed as the search result.
If the checkbox is not set the search results includes only messages that match ALL defined
search criteria.
The search results are displayed in the right hand window that contained all network events
before. To show all events again (not just the search results) click the ‘Show all’ button in the
upper right corner.
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5.8.1.2 Event save option
The save option is used to save the current range of events displayed in the Event Viewer.
The events are saved by following one of these steps:
 Perform any of the following procedures.
 From Actions menu, choose Save to File.
 In the toolbar, click Save.
 Press Ctrl+I.
 The Properties dialog box is displayed.
 Enter the file name in File Name field.
 Click Save File.
A status message is displayed.
5.8.1.3 Export Event
The Export Events option is used to save the Event Custom View data as a CSV (commaseparated values) file on the ClearFill®Star NMS server. An Option is provided to export the
entire Custom View data or only the data that is currently displayed in the Custom View.
To export the events follow these steps:
 From Actions menu, choose Export Events. The Export Data dialog box is displayed.
 Choose the desired option from the radio buttons Export Entire Custom View Data or
Export Displayed Data.
 Enter the file name in File name field.
 Click Export. A status message is displayed.
The exported custom view data is saved in the home directory.
5.8.1.4 Print Event
The Print option can be used to print the current range of events displayed in the Event
Viewer.
To print events follow these steps
 Perform any of the following procedures.
 From Actions menu, choose Print.
 In the toolbar, click Print button.
 Press Ctrl+P.
The current range of events in the Event Viewer is printed.
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5.8.1.4.1
Network Event View
Click Network Events display node in the tree. The network events are displayed in an Event
Viewer on the display panel, see screen shot below.
Figure 82 Event Viewer
All events are displayed in the Event Viewer. Each row in the table depicts an event. The
events can be sorted by column (Status, Source, Date or Message) in ascending or
descending alphabetical order. Click on the column title to be used for sorting. An arrow
appears that shows if the order is ascending (arrow turned upwards) or descending (arrow
turned downwards).
To view more event details do one of the following actions in the Network Events view:
 Click a row in the table and from View menu, choose Details.
 Right-click a row in the table and choose Details.
 Click a row in the table and press Alt+D.
 Double-click a row in the table
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5.8.1.4.2
Alarms View
In the alarms view a history of alarms is listed.
To view only related alarms for only one device you may change to the Event viewer and
proceed with these steps:
 Open the Event Viewer.
 Click a row whereby you select an event.
 Perform any of the following procedures.
 From View menu, choose Alarms.
 Right-click the row and choose Alarms.
 Press Ctrl+L.
Alarm Viewer with only the alarms related to the selected event is displayed.
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6 Configuration Management
6.1
Introduction
The ClearFill®Star Application Client is the graphical user interface for the configuration
management it is running on the ClearFill®Star NMS server or it is running remotely
connected to the NMS server.
The configuration management is done with the ClearFill®Star Application Client. It is used
to configure the elements of the ClearFill®Star network.
See chapter 5 for an overview of this tool.
6.2
Change settings and system parameters
All ClearFill®Star network elements are configured with the ClearFill®Star Application Client.
The procedure is usually to use a template assistant to configure a sector. The sector
configuration creates logical groups of network elements.
The element specific fine tuning is done after the sector configuration for each individual
network element.
6.2.1 Sector configuration
The sector configuration should be done before any device specific setting is performed. The
sector configuration is defining the logical groups of ClearFill®Star elements that work with
the same carrier.
The sector configuration is done with a provisioning template. There is a step by step walk
through in section 5.5.3.1.5. Please follow this template for every sector to be configured
once.
In case of any uncompleted sectorization, failure, or cancellation by user, please remove all
elements (see section 5.5.3.1.4 Remove Sector).
6.2.2 RRH
The following RRH functions are controlled via NMS Server:
6.2.2.1 Setting of TX Power
The TX Power is set in the RRH Configuration menu. It is described in section 5.6.1.
6.2.2.2 Setting of Rx Gain
The RX Gain is set in the RRH Configuration menu. It is described in section 5.6.1.
Note: End-to-End gain in uplink is RX-Gain + 5dB.
6.2.2.3 Setting of channel allocation
The setting is done automatically by VLAN selection.
6.2.2.4 Summing function activation and deactivation
The setting is done automatically, no user interaction is necessary.
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6.2.2.5 Pilot beacon generation and set-up
The pilot beacon is configured in the RRH Configuration menu. It is described in section
5.6.1.
6.2.2.6 Switching between CELL and PCS band
The switching between CELL and PCS band is done only once during initial sector
configuration. The sector configuration is described in chapter 6.2.1.
To change the band from CELL to PCS or vice versa the sector has to be cleared by using
the template described in section 5.5.3.1.4. Afterwards the sector configuration has to be
redone with updated band values.
6.2.2.7 Assignment to a BTS sector
The Assignment of RRHs to a BSI is done during the sector configuration. The sector
configuration is described in chapter 6.2.1.
To change the relation between RRHs and BSI the sector has to be cleared by using the
template described in section 5.5.3.1.4. Afterwards the sector configuration has to be redone
with updated BTS sector.
6.2.2.8 Beacon
The beacon functionality is configurable within the RRH configuration menu. It is described in
section 5.6.1.
6.2.2.9 Power-off of RRH
The RRH is supplied by the PoE functionality. The switch off can be done via the GES.
This is done by following procedure:
 Use ClearFill®Star Application Client.
 Change to the menu Application->Network Maps->Switches.
 Right click on the switch that is supplying the RRH with power.
 Click on HTTP device. The browser will open automatically, showing the HTTP menu
of the switch.
 Login with:
o Username :
admin
o Password:
admin
 Click in the left hand menu on PoE.
 Click in the opening sub menu on PoE Configuration. An overview of all ports of the
GES opens.
 Look for port number that is supplying RRH with power.
 Select first drop down list in the relating row.
 Select Disable.
 Click Apply button (bottom of screen), power is turned off now.
 Select drop down menu again.
 Select Enable.
 Click Apply button again, power is turned on again, RRH reboots.
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6.2.3 GES
The GES is configurable over an own HTTP menu. This menu can be reached by simply
opening a browser (e.g. Microsoft Internet Explorer) and entering an “http://” followed by the
IP address of the GES.
It is also accessible by using the ClearFill®Star Application Client. And change to the menu
Application->Network Maps->Switches. Right click on the switch symbol and select (HTTP
device). The browser will open automatically, showing the HTTP menu of the switch.
To set up the GES for ClearFill®Star operation please follow the initial installation guide as
described in section 4.4 Installation Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES). The use of other settings
is not advisable.
6.2.4 BSI
The following BSI functions are controlled via NMS:
6.2.4.1 Channel allocation
The channel allocation is done only once during initial sector configuration. The sector
configuration is described in chapter 6.2.1.
To change the channel allocation the sector has to be cleared by using the template
described in section 5.5.3.1.4. Afterwards the sector configuration has to be redone with
updated channel data.
6.2.4.2 Assignment to a BTS sector (VLAN setting)
The assignment to a BTS sector is done only once during initial sector configuration. The
sector configuration is described in chapter 6.2.1.
To change the assignment to a BTS sector the sector has to be cleared by using the
template described in section 5.5.3.1.4. Afterwards the sector configuration has to be redone
with updated channel data.
6.2.4.3 Summing function activation and deactivation
The setting is done automatically, no user interaction is necessary.
6.2.4.4 Switching between CELL and PCS band
The switching between CELL and PCS band is done only once during initial sector
configuration. The sector configuration is described in chapter 6.2.1.
To change the band from CELL to PCS or vice versa the sector has to be cleared by using
the template described in section 5.5.3.1.4. Afterwards the sector configuration has to be
redone with updated band values.
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6.2.4.5 Switch off the BSI.
The BSI is power supplied by the PoE functionality or an external power supply. When it is
supplied over an external power supply the switch off has to be done manually by
disconnecting (or switching off) the external power source.
When the BSI is supplied by the PoE functionality the switch off can be done via the GES.
This is done by following procedure:
 Use ClearFill®Star Application Client.
 Change to the menu Application->Network Maps->Switches.
 Right click on the switch that is supplying the BSI with power.
 Click on HTTP device. The browser will open automatically, showing the HTTP menu
of the switch.
 Login with:
o Username :
admin
o Password:
admin
 Click in the left hand menu on PoE.
 Click in the opening sub menu on PoE Configuration. An overview of all ports of the
GES opens.
 Look for port number that is supplying BSI with power.
 Select first drop down list in the relating row.
 Select Disable.
 Click Apply button (bottom of screen), power is turned off now.
 Select drop down menu again.
 Select Enable.
 Click Apply button again, power is turned on, BSI reboots.
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7 System Supervision
7.1
Introduction
The system supervision is done by the NMS Server. It stores all events and alarms that are
detected within the ClearFill®Star network.
7.2
Supervision GUI
The ClearFill®Star Application Client is the graphical user interface for the system
supervision. See chapter 5 for an overview of this tool. See chapter 5.8.1 for a detailed
explanation of the fault management mechanisms.
7.3
Alarms and faults structure
Alarms are classified by severity. The severity classes are also associated with a color.
The alarm severity is in ascending order:
 Clear
 Warning
 Minor
 Major
 Critical
7.4
Alarm description and their possible causes
This section describes the monitor- and control functionality of BSI and
RRH.
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7.4.1 BSI
The following functions are monitored and communicated to the NMS:
 Ambient temperature inside BSI (An alarm is generated when threshold is exceeded.)
 Status of synchronization to BTS (An alarm is generated when synchronization is
lost.)
 Received RF power level in downlink (input signal within selected channel bandwidth)
 RF Packet loss
 Running status
 IP connectivity
Local LED indication of BSI status (see Figure 41):
LED
Description of Function
Green State LED
A blinking state indicates that the processor is
operational. The LED also flashes in response to
the NMS flash attention LEDs command (used to
identify a particular node in the network). A static
state (ON or OFF) indicates that the processor is
no longer operating correctly, a power-cycle is
required to recover from this state.
Amber Warning LED.
This LED flashes in response to the NMS flash
attention LEDs command (used to identify a
particular node in the network).
Red Error LED.
Indicates a processor boot failure. When the node
is powered-up this LED blinks and then remains
off. If the processor fails to successfully execute
it’s internal boot sequence on power-up the LED
remains on.
Green Link Status LED.
When the node has successfully negotiated
1000BASE-T full duplex mode this LED is on. LED
off state indicates that the negotiating failed, or the
link is down. The node only supports 1000BASE-T
operation.
Orange Link Transmit LED.
This LED is on when the node is transmitting
Ethernet data.
Table 10 LED indications at RRH
Status
OK
Failure
Blinking /
Flash
Off /
On
(Static)
Flash
N/A
Off
On /
Blinking
On
Off
Blinking /
On / Off
N/A
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7.4.2 RRH
The following functions are monitored and communicated to the NMS:
 DL output power level (composite).
 Ambient temperature inside RRH (Threshold is configurable via NMS.
An alarm is generated when threshold is exceeded.)
 Power consumption of RRH (Threshold is configurable via NMS.
An alarm is generated when threshold is exceeded. This information is provided to
the NMS by the GES (PoE functionality).)
 Status of synchronization to BSI
 UL input power level & Protective circuits
 RF Packet loss
 Running status
 IP connectivity
The following information are reported to the NMS
 Interferer protection active / inactive
 AGC active / inactive (The threshold of the AGC is defined by the gain setting of the
RRH.)
 Input signal power level within selected CDMA channel
 Data reception status (signalizes that the RRH receives Ethernet packets from GES).
Locally LED indication of RRH status (see Figure 41):
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LED
Status
Description of Function
Green State LED
A blinking state indicates that the processor
is operational. This LED also flashes in
response to the NMS flash attention LEDs
command (used to identify a particular node
in the network). A static state (ON or OFF)
indicates that the processor is no longer
operating correctly, a power-cycle is
required to recover from this state.
Amber Warning LED.
This LED flashes in response to the NMS
flash attention LEDs command (used to
identify a particular node in the network).
Red Error LED.
Indicates a processor boot failure. When the
node is powered-up this LED blinks and
then remains off. If the processor fails to
successfully execute it’s internal boot
sequence on power-up the LED remains on.
Green Link Status LED.
When the node has successfully negotiated
1000BASE-T full duplex mode this LED is
on. LED off state indicates that the
negotiating failed, or the link is down. The
node only supports 1000BASE-T operation.
Orange Link Transmit LED.
This LED illuminates when the node is
transmitting Ethernet data.
Table 11 LED indication at BSI
OK
Failure
Blinking /
Flash
Off /
On (Static)
Flash
N/A
Off
On /
Blinking
On
Off
Blinking /
On / Off
N/A
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LED4
Ethernet
connector
LED5
Reset button
LED1
LED2
LED3
Figure 83 Schematic illustration of local RRH interfaces
7.5
Alarm management (graphics, analysis etc.)
In preparation
7.6
External alarm routing
In preparation
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8 Remote Management and Supervision
When starting the ClearFill Star Client, the login window appears.
The user is asked to enter a User ID and Password to log in to the system.
Username:
root
Password:
public
And click “Connect”
There is also an option to login remotely, that option is described in
section 7.
Figure 84 Advanced Login Screen
Remote login
To login remotely to the application client, it is necessary to specify the IP address of the
host. Instead of ‘localhost’, enter the IP address of the NMS server. It may be necessary to
specify a different port address. The default port number is ‘9090’.
Possible implementations for the remote management are:
 Dial up modem
 Data packet modem
 External alarm connection
The setup of those connections has to be done by the local network administrator.
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9 Operational used cases/Maintenance
9.1
Introduction
This chapter provides instructions for the most common use cases. It also provides
instructions on how to contact RFS in case of hardware defects.
9.2
Swap faulty devices
Please contact RFS in case of broken hardware. The procedure for contacting RFS is
described in section RFS Maintenance Services. The following swap procedures assume
that a new or repaired device is already available to be swapped.
9.2.1 Swap RRH
Swapping procedure for an RRH:
1. Disconnect old RRH from GES.
2. Remove old RRH from wall mounting.
3. Write down MAC address of new RRH and update it in your local setup
documentation.
4. Attach new RRH to wall.
5. Connect RRH to GES at same port that the old RRH was connected to.
6. Start ClearFill Star Application Client.
7. Run template AddClearFillObj (see section 5.5.3.1.1) to add the RRH to the network
database.
8. Delete sector of old RRH with template RemoveSector (see section 5.5.3.1.4).
9. Reconfigure sector by running template SectorConfiguration (see section 5.5.3.1.5).
10. Fine tune RRH by using the RRH configuration menu (see section 6.2.2).
9.2.2 Swap GES
Before the GES is swapped write down all the parameters of the old GES (as long as they
are still accessible).
Swapping procedure:
1. Disconnect all cables from the old GES.
2. Connect all cables to the same ports as before at the new GES.
3. As soon as the GES is powered enter the switch menu (see section 4.2) and change
the default IP address (192.168.1.1.) to the address that was previously used by the
old GES. (Change to the IP menu on the left hand side, Change the IP address and
click to apply).
4. Configure VLAN, STP and SNMP settings as described in section 4.2..
5. Click to Reboot menu on the left hand side and click to “Save and Reboot”.
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9.2.3 Swap BSI
Swapping procedure for a BSI:
1. Disconnect all cables from old BSI.
2. Remove old BSI from rack.
3. Write down MAC address of new BSI and update it in your local setup
documentation.
4. Put new BSI into the rack.
5. Connect all cables that were connected to the old BSI to the new BSI. Use exactly the
same ports as before. Start ClearFill Star Application Client.
6. Run template AddClearFillObj (see section 5.5.3.1.1) to add the BSI to the network
database.
7. Delete sector of old with template RemoveSector (see section 5.5.3.1.4).
8. Reconfigure sector by running template SectorConfiguration (see section 5.5.3.1.5).
9.2.4 Swap NMS
Swap procedure:
1. Shutdown old NMS server.
2. Unplug all cables from old NMS server.
3. Replace server in rack with new NMS server.
4. Connect all cables to the new server to the same ports they were connected to in the
old server.
5. Start new server.
6. Start Application Client (see section 5.3.3).
7. Run discovery procedure (see section 5.3.2).
9.3
Add RRH
Adding procedure for an RRH:
1. Write down MAC address of new RRH and update it in your local setup
documentation.
2. Attach new RRH to wall.
3. Connect RRH to a free port at GES.
4. Start ClearFill Star Application Client.
5. Run template AddClearFillObj (see section 5.5.3.1.1) to add the RRH to the network
database.
6. If the RRH is supposed to be added to an existing sector: Delete sector with template
RemoveSector (see section 5.5.3.1.4).
7. Reconfigure sector by running template SectorConfiguration (see section 5.5.3.1.5),
include the new RRH in the list of devices for the sector.
8. Fine tune RRH by using the RRH configuration menu (see section 6.2.2).
9.4
Move RRH
If an RRH is moved locally to improve coverage, no IP parameters have to be changed. But it
might be necessary to adjust the TX power and the RX Gain might have to get adjusted. This
is done via the RRH configuration menu. See section 6.2.2.
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9.5
Change RRH sector allocation
A sector allocation cannot be changed. The only way to change it is to delete the existing
sector and configure a new sector.
Changing procedure for the sector allocation of an RRH:
1. Start ClearFill Star Application Client.
2. Delete old sector with template RemoveSector (see section 5.5.3.1.4).
3. Reconfigure sector by running template SectorConfiguration (see section 5.5.3.1.5).
9.6
Reset RRH and BSI
BSIs that are power supplied over an external power supply have to be manually reset by
disconnecting (or switching off) the external power source.
The BSIs and the RRHs that are power supplied over the PoE functionality can be reset via
the GES. This is done by following procedure:
 Use ClearFill®Star Application Client.
 Change to the menu Application->Network Maps->Switches.
 Right click on the switch that is supplying the BSI with power.
 Click on HTTP device. The browser will open automatically, showing the HTTP menu
of the switch.
 Login with:
o Username :
admin
o Password:
admin
 Click in the left hand menu on PoE.
 Click in the opening sub menu on PoE Configuration. An overview of all ports of the
GES opens.
 Look for port number that is supplying BS/RRHI with power.
 Select first drop down list in the relating row.
 Select Disable.
 Click on Apply button (bottom of screen), power is turned off now
 Select drop down menu again.
 Select Enable.
 Click Apply button again, power is turned back on, BSI/RRH reboots.
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9.7
Maintenance
9.7.1 Introduction
The RFS product line comprises all necessary products to design and build a complete end
to end solution for providing RF coverage and best Quality of Service to confined areas as
buildings and tunnels. Partly this portfolio consists of active elements like ClearFill®Star
system.
The following chapters describe the maintenance services (also called after sales services)
defined to support the customer in the operation and maintenance of
RFS Solutions.
9.7.2 Firmware Update
New firmware will be available on the RFS Webpage under:
www.RFSWorld.com/... (in preparation)
Please check regularly the availability of new firmware for your products. In case, load it
down to a memory stick and copy it to the NMS Server.
9.7.2.1 Firmware Update for GES
In preparation
9.7.2.2 Firmware Update for RHH
In preparation
9.7.2.3 Firmware Update for BSI
In preparation
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9.8
Warranty
All active (as well as passive) products of the RFS portfolio are coming with a standard
warranty period of 12 months. This warranty can be extended by paying an additional
warranty fee.
9.8.1 RFS Maintenance Services
Note: The following chapters 9.8.1 – 9.8.4 are general information only. For Alcatel-Lucent
customers:
To obtain technical support, documentation and training or to submit feedback:
The Alcatel-Lucent Online Customer Support (OLCS) website:
http://support.alcatel-lucent.com provides access to technical support, related
documentation, and related training and feedback tools. The site also provides account
registration for new users.
9.8.1.1 Maintenance services within warranty:
The following after sales services are part of the standard warranty:
 Welcome Center
 Repair
 SW maintenance releases
9.8.1.2 Extended warranty services:
Extended warranty services are services which are not covered under the “standard”
warranty and therefore have to be purchased separately.
Typical extended warranty / after sales services:




Help Desk (standard local working hours)
Inventory and Spare Part Management
Remote Support (via remote access to the active element to element manager)
On-site support
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9.8.2 Welcome Center
9.8.2.1 Introduction
Purpose of the Welcome Center is to provide a regional single interface to the customer to
initiate any type of service request. Furthermore, the Welcome Center is in the position to
track the customer service demand and give feedback to the customer regarding the status
of their request.
The following maintenance services have to be initiated via the Welcome Center:
 Initiate product repair
 Trigger/initiate technical support
For both types of service demands, the Welcome Center is to register the customer request
and forwards it to the appropriate team.
9.8.2.2 Workflow
The repair process will be triggered by the RFS regional Welcome Center. The customer
sends the faulty unit to the RFS regional repair Center.
Each repair of a faulty unit is registered and tracked under a unique identifier called RMA
(Return Merchandise Authorization).
RFS target is to provide to the customer a repair service with a turn around time of 30 days
as standard.
The following pictures describe the general workflow for Welcome Center activities.
Accept customer call
Register call, caller
and customer data
Register customer
service request
Associate unique
identifier to service
request
(RMA/ticket number)
Figure 85 Register Service Request from Customer
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Provide customer
address of RFS
regional repair center
Provide RMA number
Inform service team
and forward repair
request
Figure 86 Initiate Product Repair (to Customer)
Provide customer
ticket number (first by
call and afterwards by
mail)
Forward support
request to technical
support team.
Customer will stay
either on the call or will
be called back
Figure 87 initiate or trigger technical support
Spare Pool
A defective unit is repla ced from the
customer’s spa res pool
Customer
The defective unit sent by the
customer is received by RFS
stock re-fill
Turn Around
Time
Repaired or
Replaced Unit
Defective
Unit
Customer ca lls the Welcome Center
to get a n RM A (* )
Ask for
RMA
number
RFS Welcome
and Dispatch
Center
turn-around time
The repa ired unit sent by RFS is
a va ila ble CIP a t the a irport (* * )
(*)RMA return Material
Authorisation
(**)CIP= Carriage &
insurance paid
The customer puts ba ck the repa ired
unit in their spa re pool
RFS Repair Service
Logistic Center
Figure 88 RFS repair process
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9.8.3 Technical Support / Help Desk
Any technical support required by the customer is registered via the Welcome Center as first
step. The Welcome Center then forwards the support request to the technical support team.
In general, technical support is not part of the basic warranty.
9.8.4 Escalation levels
The following table shows the definition of different support levels for the product. The more
complex the problem to be solved the higher the level.
Technical support hierarchy / escalation:
Level 1 technical support / system operation
With customer/mobile operator
Level 2 technical support
With customer/integrator (call center, support organization trained by RFS)
Level 3 technical support
RFS Regional technical support, Application engineering, technical consulting, and field
support
Level 4 technical support
RFS central technical support, global competence center (Germany)
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9.8.5 SW Maintenance
The following section defines the process to provide SW maintenance to the customer. This
covers the software for the NMS as well as the SW running within the RRH and BSI
(firmware).
To offer new NMS SW release to the customer the NMS HW platform and the NMS SW are
two separate saleable items.
For the RRH and BSI, new SW features will be offered as “features” bringing new
functionality to the system.
According the RFS software policy the following definitions apply:
Release upgrades: New release incl. new features; not part of standard warranty
Release updates: Mainly bug and failure fixing; free of charge and part of standard
warranty
The customer will be informed of new SW release updates via email to customers with
notification of a new release update ready for download.
On special request release updates can be distributed via CD but this will not be for free.
Distribution of release update
 Release update will be uploaded to RFS xtranet with release notes and installation
instructions
 Customer will download release update from xtranet and install according to
installation instructions
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10 System Specifications and Technical Data
10.1 RF Specification of ClearFill®Star System
10.1.1 General Specification
Frequency range
PCS 1900
UL: 1850 – 1910 MHz
DL: 1930 – 1990 MHz
CELL 800
UL: 824 – 849 MHz
DL: 869 – 894 MHz
The channel frequencies are on a 30 kHz
spacing for Cellular band and a 50 kHz spacing
for PCS band
Supported IF bandwidth
1.25 MHz (UL and DL)
Frequency plan /
C.S0002
Channel allocation
RF impedance
50 Ohm
10.1.2 Downlink
The following specifications for DL refer to the system configuration shown in Figure 89. All
specifications apply for CELL and PCS frequency bands.
In
ClearFill®Star System DL Interfaces
BSI
Switch
10.1.2.1
RRH
Out
Figure 89 DL System Configuration for Specification
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10.1.2.1.1 Downlink Parameter Specification
Input power level
-57dBm nominal, composite
Output power level
+14.5 dBm ±1.5dB composite at max loading over full
RF bandwidth
Manual setting of output
power level
+14.5 dBm to -9.5 dBm in 1 dB steps @ nominal input
ACPR
>45dBm @ 30kHz
Output power level
extreme Temperature
at
the attenuation is realized in the RRH
14.5 dBm ± 2.5dB
Nominal system gain
PCS:
71 dB ± 1dB
Cellular: 71dB ± 1dB
Noise figure
<13dB @ max. gain
<17dB @ min gain
Return Loss
>9dB @ BSI
>7dB @ RRH
EVM at antenna port
< 10%
Table 12 Downlink Parameter Specifications
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10.1.3 Uplink
10.1.3.1
ClearFill®Star1 System UL Interfaces
In
RRH
Switch
The following description for UL refers to a system configuration shown in Figure 90.
BSI
Out
Figure 90 UL System Configuration for Specification
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10.1.3.1.1 Uplink Parameter Specification (Linear Operation)
Input power level
range
Nominal gain
Manual gain setting
Output power level @
max. Input and max.
gain
Output power level at
extreme temperature
EVM at BSI output
port
Noise figure
CELL800 / PCS1900
-65 to –90 dBm at maximum gain
-49 to –80 dBm at minimum gain
61 dB for input power level range
61 dB to 37 dB in 1 dB steps
(the gain setting has to be performed in the RRH)
-4 dBm ±1.5 dB
-4 dBm ± 2.5 dB
max. composite output power level
independent to number of
connected RRHs. Assumed
PAR=10dB
< 10 %
< 12 dB at room temperature and 61 dB gain,
< 23 dB at room temperature and 37 dB gain
The system noise figure will increase as more RRHs are
added to a sector.
ACPR
> 45 dBc @ 30kHz
Return Loss
> 9 dB @ all RF connectors
In-band noise floor
<-38.5 dBm / 1.25MHz @ maximum gain
and spurious without
<-51.5 dBm / 1.25MHz @ minimum gain
input signal
Table 13 Uplink Parameter Specification
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1100187 Rev. 1.0
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10.2 System elements data sheets
The following section describes the performance of the sub-system
responsible for the transport of the mobile communication link between
BTS and handheld. Furthermore, it describes the interaction with the other
sub-systems.
10.2.1 POI
10.2.1.1
RF Interface
POI Type
TX BTS
output
power
level
POI-BTS
interface
POI BSI interface
CFS-POIS1S2-19
0 dBm
1900, BTS port 1x
simplex, BSI Port 2x
simplex
CFS-POIS1S2-819
2 RF ports
(1x Rx, 1x
Tx)
0 dBm
2 RF ports
(1x Rx, 1x
Tx)
4 RF ports
(1x Channel1Tx, 1x
Channel1Rx, 1x
Channel2 Tx, 1x
Channel2 Rx)
4 RF ports
(1x Channel1Tx, 1x
Channel1Rx, 1x
Channel2 Tx, 1x
Channel2 Rx)
850/1900, BTS port 1x
simplex, BSI Port 2x
simplex
Other POIs on request
Table 14 BTS and POI configurations
In case the TX output power level of the BTS is too high to be handled by the POI with an
SMA connector, an additional attenuator is available to be switched between the BTS and
the POI to decrease the input power level for the POI.
10.2.1.2
Mechanical specifications
These mechanical specifications apply for all types of POI:
Sealing Class
IP20
Mounting & fixings
bench top or rack mounted
Grounding
via Ethernet cable
Housing (max. dimensions)
19 inch rack slide in, 1 HU Type
Depth: 211mm , max. 300mm
Cooling
Convection cooled, no fans
Color of front panel
White, RAL 9010
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10.2.2 Simplexed Twin BSI
10.2.2.1
RF Interface
Interface to POI
8 simplexed RF ports, type SMA female:
Rx1/2-CELL
RX1/2-PCS
Tx1/2-CELL
Tx1/2-PCS
Functions: DL input, UL output Position: on the front
panel
10.2.2.2
Power supply interface
external DC supply
The external DC supply fulfils all regulatory
requirements. The external power supply port is at
the back plane.
48VDC (connector 48VDC, 2.1x5.5x11mm female
barrel, wired Center positive)
PoE
Via Power over Ethernet connector: RJ-45
Grounding
via Ethernet or DC connector
Power consumption
<14 W per BSI
10.2.2.3
Mechanical Specifications
Sealing Class
IP20
Mounting & fixings
bench top or rack mounted
Grounding
via Ethernet cable or DC connector (dependant on
voltage supply)
Housing (max. dimensions)
19 inch rack slide in, 1 HU Type
Depth: 211mm, max. 300mm
Cooling
Convection cooled, no fans
Color of front panel
White, RAL 9010
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1100187 Rev. 1.0
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10.2.3 RRH
10.2.3.1
RF Interface
Antenna interface at RRH
one duplexed RF port, type SMA female
cable length < 3 m (10 ft)
Functions: DL output, UL input
10.2.3.2
Power supply interface
PoE
via Ethernet cable (POE)
Grounding
via Ethernet cable
Power consumption
<14 W
10.2.3.3
Mechanical specification
Sealing Class
IP20
Mounting & fixings
walls, ceilings in any kind of polarization
Grounding
via Ethernet cable
Housing (max. dimensions)
length: 181mm
height: 44mm
depth: 166mm
Weight
600g
Color
White, RAL 9010
10.2.4 GES
10.2.4.1
Power supply interface
Power supply interface
115/230 VAC ± 10%
50Hz ± 5%
auto-ranging
connector type 3-pole IEC
Grounding
Grounding to the GES shall be provided via mains
cable
ClearFill Star CDMA
1100187 Rev. 1.0
Page 145 of 152
10.2.4.2
Mechanical Specification
Sealing Class
IP20
Mounting & fixings
bench top or rack mounted
Grounding
via AC mains
Housing (max. dimensions)
19 inch rack slide in, 1 HU Type
Depth: 211mm, max. 300mm
Cooling
Convection or fan cooled
Color of front panel
White, RAL 9010
10.3 Environmental Conditions
10.3.1 Operations



Operating temperature:
Operating environment:
Mechanical operation:
0°C to +40°C
relative humidity 0% to 90%, non-condensing
ETSI EN 300 019-1-3, class 3.2 1
10.3.2 Transportation & Storage


Storage temperature: -20°C to +75°C
Transportation:
ETSI EN 300 019-2-2, class 2.3 (public transportation)
ClearFill Star CDMA
1100187 Rev. 1.0
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11 Conformance Statements
11.1 United States
11.1.1 Introduction
The following statements are the product conformance statements that apply to the Clear Fill
Star product when deployed in the United States.
11.1.2 Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Important! Changes or modifications made to this equipment not expressly approved by RFS
may void the FCC authorization to operate this equipment.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions:
- (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and
- (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
11.1.3 FCC Part 15 Class A
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a
commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential
area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be required to correct
the interference at the user’s expense.
11.1.4 RF approval
This equipment complies with Part 2, Subpart J - Equipment Authorization Procedures, of the
FCC Rules.
The Clear Fill Star system complies with Part 22 – Public Mobile Services, Subpart H –
Cellular Radiotelephone Services and with Part 24 - Personal Communications Services,
Subpart E - Broadband PCS.
11.1.5 IEC product safety conformance
The Clear Fill Star system is Safety Certified IEC 60950-1 (ed.2) by CB-Scheme.
Should the local Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) require prior or additional verification of
this Certification, a Product Certificate of Compliance can be obtained from the specific
Certification Body by the Business/Product Unit Applicant for the product or by contacting
RFS customer services.
Any modifications to this equipment are not permitted without review and official written
authorization from the specific Certification Body. Unauthorized changes may violate the
Product Safety Certification. Modifications or changes authorized by official CN/CNN are
assumed to have received prior approval from this Lab.
ClearFill Star CDMA
1100187 Rev. 1.0
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11.1.6 Indoor applications
This equipment is intended for installation in restricted access locations where access is
controlled or where access can only be gained by service personnel with a key or tool.
Access to this equipment is restricted to qualified service personnel only.
11.1.7 Antenna exposure
Antenna installations for the Clear Fill Star product shall be performed in accordance with all
applicable manufacturer's recommendations, and national laws and regulations. To ensure
correct antenna installation, the antenna installer shall perform all necessary calculations
and/or field measurements to evaluate compliance with applicable national laws or
regulations regarding exposure to electromagnetic fields. The supplier of radio equipment,
the supplier of antenna equipment and the integrator and builder of the site must provide
sufficient information so that the limits of the exclusion zones can be determined. Any
changes to the antenna or other equipment in the transmit path may require re-evaluation of
the exposures to electromagnetic fields.
Pursuant to 47 CFR Part 1, Subpart I, subject to the provisions of section 1.1307, all
installations must be evaluated for requirements contained in Table 1, “Limits for maximum
permissible exposure,” in section 1.1310.
11.1.8 Radiofrequency radiation exposure Information
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled
environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance of 20
cm between the radiator and your body.
This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or
transmitter.
11.1.9 Packaging collection and recovery requirements
Countries, states, localities, or other jurisdictions may require that systems be established for
the return and/or collection of packaging waste from the consumer, or other end user, or from
the waste stream. Additionally, reuse, recovery, and/or recycling targets for the return and/or
collection of the packaging waste may be established.
For more information regarding collection and recovery of packaging and packaging waste
within specific jurisdictions, please contact the RFS customer services.
11.1.10
Recycling / take-back / disposal of products and batteries
Electronic products and batteries bearing or referencing the symbols shown below shall be
collected and treated at the end of their useful life, in compliance with applicable European
Union and other local legislation. They shall not be disposed of as part of unsorted municipal
waste. Due to materials that may be contained in the product and batteries, such as heavy
metals, the environment and human health may be negatively impacted as a result of
inappropriate disposal.
ClearFill Star CDMA
1100187 Rev. 1.0
Page 148 of 152
Moreover, in compliance with legal requirements and contractual agreements, where
applicable, RFS will offer to provide for the collection and treatment of RFS products bearing
the logo at the end of their useful life, or products displaced by RFS equipment offers. For
information regarding take-back, recycling, or disposal of equipment by RFS or for equipment
take-back requests contact RFS customer services.
11.2 Canada
11.2.1 Introduction
The statements that follow are the product conformance statements that apply to the
ClearFill®Star product when deployed in Canada.
11.2.2 Industry Canada (IC)
Important! Changes or modifications made to this equipment not expressly approved by RFS
may void the IC authorization to operate this equipment.
This device complies with ICES-003 / RSS-210 of Industry Canada. Operation is subject to
the following two conditions:
- (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and
- (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
11.2.3 Indoor applications
This equipment is intended for installation in restricted access locations where access is
controlled or where access can only be gained by service personnel with a key or tool.
Access to this equipment is restricted to qualified service personnel only.
11.2.4 Packaging collection and recovery requirements
Countries, states, localities, or other jurisdictions may require that systems be established for
the return and/or collection of packaging waste from the consumer, or other end user, or from
the waste stream. Additionally, reuse, recovery, and/or recycling targets for the return and/or
collection of the packaging waste may be established.
For more information regarding collection and recovery of packaging and packaging waste
within specific jurisdictions, please contact the RFS customer services.
11.2.5 Recycling / take-back / disposal of products and batteries
Electronic products and batteries bearing or referencing the symbols shown below shall be
collected and treated at the end of their useful life, in compliance with applicable European
Union and other local legislation. They shall not be disposed of as part of unsorted municipal
waste. Due to materials that may be contained in the product and batteries, such as heavy
ClearFill Star CDMA
1100187 Rev. 1.0
Page 149 of 152
metals, the environment and human health may be negatively impacted as a result of
inappropriate disposal.
Moreover, in compliance with legal requirements and contractual agreements, where
applicable,
RFS will offer to provide for the collection and treatment of RFS products bearing the logo at
the end of their useful life, or products displaced by RFS equipment offers. For information
regarding take-back, recycling, or disposal of equipment by RFS or for equipment take-back
requests contact RFS customer services.
ClearFill Star CDMA
1100187 Rev. 1.0
Page 150 of 152
12 Appendix
12.1 Abbreviations:
ALC
BER
BSI
BSI+
BTS
CDMA
CFS1
ClearFill®
ClearFill®Star
ClearFill®Star
Community names
(or Strings)
CW
DAS
DHCP
DL
DNS
DVT
EMS
ETSI
GES
ICMP
ICO
IETF
IP
ISO
LAN
LAT
MIB
MO
MS
MTBF
NE
NEMCOS
NMS
NOC
NTP
the + sign attached to BSI or RRH indicates that this unit is
running in summing modus
Automatic Level Control
Basic Encoding Rules
Base Station Interface
Summing BSI node
Base Transceiver Station
Code Division Multiple Access
ClearFill®Star-CDMA
Product Brand Name
Product Brand Name
ClearFill®Star
Essentially passwords
Continuous sinusoidal Wave (un-modulated signal)
Distributed Antenna System
Dynamic Host Control Protocol
Downlink (from BTS to mobile)
Domain Name Service, Ethernet service to associate clear
names to IP addresses
Design Verification and Test
Element Management System
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
Gigabit Ethernet Switch
Internet Control Message Protocol
Microsoft Icon
Internet Engineering Task Force
Internet Protocol
International Organization for Standardization
Local Area Network
License administration tool
Management Information Base, used in SNMP to identify the
data structure
Managed Object
Mobile station
Mean Time Between Failures
Network Elements, covering BSI, RRH, GES and NEMCOS
Server
Network Element Management, Control and Supervision System
Network Management System
Network Operation Center
Network Time Protocol
ClearFill Star CDMA
1100187 Rev. 1.0
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O&M
OAR
OID
OSI
PNG
POE
POI
PSE
PSU
QoS
RF
RFC
RoHS
RRH
RRH+
Rx
SMI
SMI
SMIC
SNMP
SNMP
Communities
SNMPv2c
SNR
STP
TBD
TBSIL
TBSIR
TC
TCP
TFTP
Tx
UC
UDP
UL
VLAN
WEEE
Operation and Maintenance
Off-air repeater
Object Identifier
Open System Interconnection
Portable network graphics, originally designed to replace dated
Gif file format.
Power over Ethernet
Point of Interface
Power Source Equipment
Power Supply Unit
Quality of Service
Radio Frequency, is used as synonym for both real radio
between RRH and Mobile and for Ethernet packets containing
RF data between RRH and BSI
Request for Comments, used as recommendation and quasi
standard in the ethernet world
Restriction of Hazardous Substances
Remote Radio Head
Summing RRH
Uplink (receiving path, forward path)
Structure of Management Information, the language that is used
to define the MIB file
Structure of Management Information
SNMP Management Information Compiler
Simple Network Management Protocol
SNMPv1 / SNMPv2 use the notion of communities to establish
trust between managers and agents
SNMPv2 technical name
Signal to noise ratio
Spanning Tree Protocol
To be determined
Twin BSI left part
Twin BSI right part
Textual convention
Transmission Control Protocol
Tiny File Transfer Protocol, the little brother of the FTP protocol
Downlink (transmitting path, reverse path)
Use Case
User Datagram Protocol
Uplink (from mobile to BTS)
Virtual Local Area Network. The CFS project will use the terms
VLAN and Sector interchangeable.
Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment
ClearFill Star CDMA
1100187 Rev. 1.0
Page 152 of 152

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