Raytheon Anschuetz High Seas GEMRM-10U X-Band Radar Transceiver User Manual Dokument

Raytheon Anschuetz GmbH High Seas Products X-Band Radar Transceiver Dokument

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Users Manual Part 2

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Users Manual Part 2

+−Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−67 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4 ARPA FUNCTIONThis chapter describes the operation of the automatic radar plotting aid (ARPA).NOTEThe NSC ARPA information is considered to assist decision makingin the current situation.The resulting assessment with regard to avoiding collisions must be madeindependently in accordance with the valid regulations!2.4.1 General Information•Requirements for optimum ARPA supportThe following requirements must be met on the NSC Radar to achieve optimumARPA functionality.−The sensitivity controls are optimally adjusted for the current weather conditions−Before you start to use this function you need to select a RANGE higher than 6 NM for the ZONE settings.The zone might not be visible at lower ranges. −Heading e.g. gyro and Speed (log, course over water (W) or course over ground (B))•Target acquisitioncan be used to manually or automatically acquire up to 70 targets.The tracking data for selected targets is displayed in the ARPA informationwindow.

Operator Manual2−683748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.2005•ARPA alarms ARPA displays alarm messages (see also chapter 2.3.6.4) and artificial symbols(see ARPA SYMBOLS) visually and acoustically.−“Dangerous Targets Alarm”This alarm is triggered as soon as a tracked target exceeds the set limits for CPA or TCPA (see chapter 2.4.2).−“Guard Zone Alarm”This alarm is triggered as soon as an untracked target enters an acquisition / guard zone. −“Target Lost”This alarm indicates that the tracked target has been lost.−“Target Overflow”This alarm is triggered if more than 70 targets have been acquired. This situation can be resolved by deleting acquired targets that are of no interest.•ARPA symbolsWhen using the ARPA function, the radar video displays various artificialsymbols that describe the following situations.

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−69 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005SHOW Indicates that target data is displayed in the ARPA INFO window.TEMP After acquisition, the target is observed for a set period of time.SHOW This state is indicated if the current CPA/TCPA collision conditions are met.The target vector flashes.CONTACT This state describes a target which has entered the warning/acquisition zone.The symbol flashes.LOST This state is indicated if a target has been lost for a short time.The target has passed the warning and acquisition zones.Figure: 2−34 ARPA display symbolsThis state is indicated if the trial maneuver is activated.The symbol flashes.TEST This state is indicated if the test function has been called up.The symbol flashes.GROUND Ground referencing.TRIALTRAILSITUATIONThis state is indicated if the current CPA/TCPA collision conditions are met inthe trial maneuver. The symbol flashes.•ARPA colorsThe NSC Radar ARPA function includes the following color assignments. −Ship heading marker, SHM −WHITEVector (TRUE) −PURPLE−Tracked target − RED −Vector − RED −Past Pos − RED −Trails −GRAY−−CPA/TCPA zone − RED −−Acquisition zone − YELLOW −−Guard zone − RED −−Exclusion zone − GREEN −−Artificial ARPA symbols − RED −(PCP/CPA)

LeftOperator Manual2−703748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4.2 MANUAL PLOTTING − ACQ TGT −Targets can be manually acquired using the trackball and the cursor.The target information (ARPA INFO softkey) can include slight tolerancescaused by possible influencing parameters such as weather conditions, headingsensor tolerance or log sensor tolerance. DClick the softkeyPosition the cursor on the object identified as the target; press the Left button. The target is acquired by the computer and given its synthetic symbol, corresponding to the tracking status (TRACKED, MISSED, LOST,..).

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−71 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4.3 AUTOMATIC PLOTTING − ARPA MENU −Automatic plotting means that the radar can acquire and track targetsautomatically.The operator can define acquisition zones.As soon as a target enters such a zone, it is plotted and tracked by the radar.ARPA acquisition zones•CPA/TCPA limits•Acquisition zone •Guard zone •Exclusion zoneNOTEDespite all the advantages of automatic target acquisition, it may be thecase that:Certain targets cannot be acquired due to the current weather conditions.Targets cannot be acquired due to the set acquisition zone.Targets cannot be acquired due to their size and material.The target information (ARPA INFO softkey) can include slight tolerancescaused by possible influencing parameters such as weather conditions, headingsensor tolerance or log sensor tolerance.

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−73 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4.4.1 Determining the CPA/TCPA radiusThe CPA/TCPA radius can quickly be adjusted to the desired situation as shownin Figure: 2−35.Procedure:Step 1 Open the ARPA menu Step 2 Show or hide the radius in the radar videoStep 3 Edit and apply individual values for CPA and TCPA Step 4 Complete the input Step 1Figure: 2−35 CPA/TCPA ZONEStep 3Step 2LeftStep 4ARPAsymbolsCollisionconditionsSequence of actionsResult:If a tracked target moves inside the set limits, a “Dangerous Target Alarm” is triggered.

Operator Manual2−743748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4.5 CREATE ZONE formCreate zone provides 3 different ARPA zones. Within these zones, various zone forms are available (sector, polygon or circle).You can choose to edit each of these zone forms using the cursor (drag anddrop) or a text slider.The desired zone form is initially shown in the radar video with preset values.The zone form can be modified in editing mode.Editing mode can be identified by the editing marks (see Figure: 2−38). Once acknowledged, the zone becomes effective, the editing marks are hiddenand the lines are continuous.Procedure:Step 1 Open the ARPA menu Step 2 Open the CREATE ZONE menuStep 3 Select the zone formStep 1Step 3Figure: 2−36 CREATE ZONEStep 2

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−75 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Acquisition zoneDThe ACQUISITION ZONE is used for automatic target acquisition and subsequent target tracking.If a ship enters the ACQUISITION ZONE the radar outputs a “Guard Zone Alarm”.The target is automatically acquired and tracked.NOTEThe ACQUISITION ZONE is considered to be an essential aid andinformation source for assessing the situation.The decision as to whether a short−range situation will develop from thisinformation must be made by the navigator himself!Guard zoneDIf an acquired target enters this GUARD ZONE, the radar outputs a “Guard Zone Alarm” but the target is not acquired and tracked.NOTEThe GUARD ZONE and related target acquisition are only intended todraw the radar observer’s attention to a target.The decision as to whether a short−range situation will develop from thisinformation must be made by the navigator himself!Exclusion zoneDIf the user wants to exclude certain areas from automatic acquisition, he can create an EXCLUSION ZONE. In this zone, all possible targets will be ignored.NOTEWithin the exclusion zone, no targets are acquired and displayed in theradar video. The master and navigator are responsible for assessing and consideringany possible collision situations that could result from this.

Operator Manual2−763748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4.5.1 Select ACQUISITION zone formThe sequence of operations below can be used to select the acquisition zoneform SECTOR (see Figure: 2−37).The NSC menu provides 3 possible acquisition forms.•ACQUISITION ZONE SECTORProcedure:Step 1 Open the ARPA menu Step 2 Open the CREATE ZONE menuStep 3 Open the ACQUISITION ZONE menuwith the options SECTOR, POLYGON, RINGStep 4 Open the ACQUISITION ZONE SECTOR menuStep 1Step 2Step 3Figure: 2−37 ACQUISITION ZONE FORMStep 4

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−77 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Result:A sector with preset values appears in the direction of travel in the radar video(see Figure: 2−38). The sector can be changed immediately using the sector editing marks (1...4).These changes can be made directly using the cursor (drag and drop (seechapter 2.2.4.5)) or using the text lines with slider functions for BEARING andRANGE located in the ACQUISITION ZONE SECTOR display field.270_90_SHM1NM3NMUsing SLIDER functionEditing markersUsing CURSOR functionDrag and dropFigure: 2−38 ACQUISITION FORM SECTORPick up and drag Set upSequence of actionsApply values. Pressing the COMMIT buttonactivates the ACQUISITION ZONE SECTOR(continuous line).Subsequent changes can be introduced at any time.Several SECTORS can be displayed in the radar video.

Operator Manual2−783748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.2005•ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGONThis function allows the user to create a zone with any shape.Procedure:Step 1 Open the ARPA menu Step 2 Open the CREATE ZONE menuStep 3 Open the ACQUISITION ZONE menu containing the options SECTOR, POLYGON, RINGStep 4 Open the ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGON menuStep 1Step 2Step 3Figure: 2−39 ACQUISITION FORM POLYGONStep 4

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−79 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Result:A polygon with preset BEARING and RANGE values appears in the radar video(see Figure: 2−40).The polygon can be individually adapted using the editing marks (1....10).The polygon method can be edited to any shape. The default shape is shown inFigure: 2−40. It must be ensured that the ACQUISITION ZONE AREA includesthe ship for the special polygon shape ACQUISITION ZONE.These changes can be made directly using the cursor (drag and drop (seechapter 2.2.4.5)) or using the text lines with slider functions for BEARING andRANGE located in the ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGON display field.Using SLIDER functionUsing CURSOR function− drag and drop −Editing markersFigure: 2−40 ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGONApply values. Pressing the COMMIT buttonactivates the ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGON(continuous line). Pick up and drag Set upSequence of actions

Operator Manual2−803748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.2005•ACQUISITION ZONE RINGProcedure:Step 1 Open the ARPA menu Step 2 Open the CREATE ZONE menuStep 3 Open the ACQUISITION ZONE menu containing the options SECTOR, POLYGON, RINGStep 4 Open the ACQUISITION ZONE RING menuStep 1Step 2Step 3Figure: 2−41 ACQUISITION FORM RINGStep 4

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−81 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Result:A range area with preset values for range START, range END and own positionappears in the radar video (see Figure: 2−42).The range area is made up of two rings that can be individually adjusted usingediting marks. There is an inner ring, which can be edited using drag and drop or the text line(START) and an outer ring, which can likewise be edited using drag and drop orthe text line (END). The default ring is small, as a suggestion for the anchor watch.Using SLIDER function orNUMERICAL softkeysUsing CURSOR function− drag and drop −EditingmarkersFigure: 2−42 ACQUISITION FORM RINGApply values. Pressing the COMMIT buttonactivates the ACQUISITION ZONE RING(continuous line). Pick up and drag Set upSequence of actions

Operator Manual2−823748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4.5.2 Select GUARD zone formThe sequence of operations below can be used to select the GUARD FORM(step 4). The NSC menu provides 2 possible GUARD zone forms.The GUARD zone detects tracked ARPA targets that penetrate the pre−selectedarea. This situation is indicated by an alarm (visual and acoustic).•GUARD ZONE SECTORProcedure:Step 1 Open the ARPA menu Step 2 Open the CREATE ZONE menuStep 3 Open the GUARD ZONE menu containing the options SECTOR and RINGStep 4 Open the GUARD ZONE SECTOR menuStep 1Step 2Step 3Figure: 2−43 GUARD ZONE SECTORStep 4

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−83 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Result:A sector with preset values appears in the direction of travel in the radar video(see Figure: 2−44). The sector can be changed using the sector editing marks (1...4).These changes can be made directly using the cursor (drag and drop (seechapter 2.2.4.5)) or using the text lines with slider functions for BEARING andRANGE located in the GUARD ZONE SECTOR display field.270_90_SHM1NM3NMUsing SLIDER functionEditing markersUsing CURSOR functionDrag and dropFigure: 2−44 GUARD FORM SECTORApply values. Pressing the COMMIT buttonactivates the GUARD ZONE SECTOR(continuous line).Pick up and drag Set upSequence of actionsSubsequent changes can be introduced at any time.Several SECTORS can be displayed in the radar video.

Operator Manual2−843748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.2005•GUARD ZONE RANGEProcedure:Step 1 Open the ARPA menu Step 2 Open the CREATE ZONE menuStep 3 Open the GUARD ZONE menu containing the options SECTOR and RINGStep 4 Open the GUARD ZONE RING menuFigure: 2−45 GUARD ZONE RINGStep 1Step 2Step 3Step 4

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−85 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Result:A range area with preset values for range START, range END and own positionappears in the radar video (see Figure: 2−46).The range area is made up of two rings that can be individually adjusted usingediting marks. There is an inner ring, which can be edited using drag and drop or the text line(START) and an outer ring, which can likewise be edited using drag and drop orthe text line (END).Using SLIDER function orNUMERICAL softkeysUsing CURSOR function− drag and drop −EditingmarkersFigure: 2−46 GUARD ZONE RINGApply values. Pressing the COMMIT buttonactivates the GUARD ZONE RING (continuousline).Pick up and drag Set upSequence of actions

Operator Manual2−863748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4.5.3 Select EXCLUSION zone formThe sequence of operations below can be used to select the EXCLUSION ZONE. Exclusion zones can be relative (moving with the ship) or true (fixed to a position)•EXCLUSION ZONE RELATIVEProcedure:Step 1 Open the ARPA menu Step 2 Open the CREATE ZONE menuStep 3 Open the EXCLUSION ZONE menu RELATIVEStep 4 Open the EXCLUSION ZONE RELATIVE menuFigure: 2−47 EXCLUSION FORMStep 1Step 2Step 3Step 4

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−87 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Result:NOTEThe relative exclusion zone is predominantly shown for sea clutter at closerange (approx. 3 nm).However, as well as the sea clutter some targets will also be ignored. Themaster must be aware of this situation.This example (see Figure: 2−48) shows a ring centered on your own ship, whichmay be useful when the sea conditions or observation of buoys near own shipproduces numerous false alarm echoes from waves. The exclusion zone willinhibit the auto acquisition function. This function can be used temporarily or lefton to eliminate acquisition of false echo effects from the ship structure. Thealternative for preventing false echoes is sector blanking, which must becommissioned by a service engineer with shipyard approval.The range area can be individually adjusted using the editing marks. Using SLIDER function orNUMERICAL softkeysUsing CURSOR function− drag and drop −EditingmarkersFigure: 2−48 EXCLUSION ZONE RELATIVEApply values. Pressing the COMMIT buttonactivates the RELATIVE EXCLUSION ZONE(continuous line).Pick up and drag Set upSequence of actions

Operator Manual2−883748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4.6 EDIT ZONEEDIT ZONE allows later editing of an active zone.In the example below, the ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGON is to be changed.Procedure:Step 1 Open the ARPA menu Step 2 Open the EDIT ZONE menuStep 3 Select polygon using Right button (polygon points visible)Step 4 Pick up desired point using Right button, change polygon (dotted lines).Step 5 Drop polygon using Left button, pick up next point. Or complete theediting procedure with step 6.Step 6 Select COMMIT softkey in menu using cursor and Left button.The changed ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGON is activated. Figure: 2−49 Editing an ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGONStep 1Step 2Step 3Step 4Step 5Step 6

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−89 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4.7 DELETE ZONEDELETE ZONE allows you to delete a selected zone or all zones located in theradar video.In the example below, the ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGON is to be deleted.Procedure:Step 1 Open the ARPA menu Step 2 Open the DELETE ZONE menuStep 3 Select polygon using Right button (editing points visible)Step 4 Select softkey OK in menu using cursor and Left button.The ACQUISITION ZONE is deleted. Figure: 2−50 Delete all zones or a selected zoneStep 1 Step 2Step 3Step 4

RELRELativeor TRUeOperator Manual2−903748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4.8 Potential collision points (PCP) and closest point of approach (CPA) symbolsPCP and CPA symbols are a useful tool that assists the user in identifyingpossible collision danger. The function allows the potential collision point (PCP) or the closest point ofapproach (CPA) for acquired targets to be indicated by a circular symbol in theradar video. The relevant function, PCP (potential collision points) or CPA (closest points ofapproach), is determined by the setting of TRUE or RELATIVE.TRUE allows the PCPs for all acquired targets to be displayed in the radar video.RELATIVE allows the CPAs for all acquired targets to be displayed in the radar video.Both types of display support prompt assessment of close range situations. TRUE − Potential Collision Points (PCP) −Potential collision points (PCP) provide a rapid overview of current and potentialcollision danger (see Figure: 2−51).Assessment:−There is a current collision danger if a PCP lies on your ownship’s head up line.−There is a potential collision danger if your own ship changes its current course such that a PCP that did not previously lie on the ship’s head up line will now lie on that line.Potential collision points are calculated by target acquisition.Every target is normally marked with a PCP, which appears as a small circle.Under certain circumstances, it is possible that a target is marked by 2 PCPs.In such a situation, both PCPs are applicable and must be taken into accountwhen viewing the radar image.

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−91 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Procedure:Target acquisition must first be carried out. Step 1 Select TRUE Step 2 Open the ARPA menu Step 3 Select PCP/CPA SYMBOLS mode Figure: 2−51 Potential Collision Points −VECTOR mode TRUE−Step 2Step 3Step 1

Operator Manual2−923748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.2005Result:Switching to TRUE VECTORS shows potential collision points (PCP). These areplaces on the chart where your own vessel could collide or choose torendezvous with any target. It is similar to half a trial maneuver, in that it showswhere your own vessel could meet the other track, at the present speed PCPsmove. This is because a choice has no longer been made to meet the vessel.After some time, meeting the vessel becomes more difficult, and can finally beimpossible, for example, when following another ship that is faster.

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−93 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005VECTOR mode REL − Closest Point of Approach (CPA) −In this function, the closest point of approach (CPA) for acquired targets withrelative vectors is indicated by a small circle (see Figure: 2−52)Figure: 2−52 Closest Point of Approach −VECTOR mode REL−Step 2Step 3Step 1Result:Adding CPA symbols shows where the approach will be closest, on whichquarter of your own vessel. The CPA readout shows when this will occur.Adding CPA warning circles shows the criteria for dangerous TRACK Alarms.This display is optional, but the alarm system is still operational.

Operator Manual2−943748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4.9 Closest point of approach (CPA) warning on PCPsThis function softkey displays the CPA warning ring (see chapter 2.4.4.1) centrally over the potential collision point (PCP) and displays it simultaneously.This type of display supports prompt assessment of close range situations.It is preparation for TRIAL MANEUVER. If does NOT substitute for TRAILMANEUVER.Procedure:Step 1 Select the VECTOR mode TRUE Step 2 Open the ARPA menu Step 3 Select CPA WRN on PCPs Figure: 2−53 CPA warning on PCPsStep 2Step 3Step 1

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−95 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Result:The CPA warning limit and the circle defined by the ship’s master can be addedto the potential collision points, and thus to the “no go areas”. It is an aid tonavigation that indicates how your own ship could avoid CPA alarms.It does NOT indicate the safe maneuver because it does NOT indicate the actualclosest point of approach (use Relative Vectors or TRIAL MANEUVER).It is a local range marker only − for planing assistance.

Operator Manual2−963748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4.10 Closest point of approach CPA warningThis softkey function allows the CPA warning ring to be shown orhidden in the radar video (see chapter 2.4.4.1).Figure: 2−54 CPA warning ring ON/OFFStep 2Step 1

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−97 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4.11 Delete all targetsPressing this softkey deletes all acquired targets in the radar video.Figure: 2−55 Delete all targetsStep 2Step 1

Operator Manual2−983748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4.12 Reference target ON/OFFThe reference target feature tracks a fixed target (zero speed) to correct yourown ship’s course and speed errors caused by set, drift, speed log, gyro errors,or other factors. The NSC Radar can support this by accepting one echo that the user knows isgeostationary. Radar, after 2 minutes, accurately calculates own ship groundvelocity until the track is lost or a new echo chosen. ARPA is best with watervelocity, so this feature was mostly used to stabilize maps and work up the bestDead Reckoning (DR) position possible.Use of Reference Target is not necessary when GPS is available.If Reference Target work is preferred, GPS must be deselected.The sequence:The desired target must be acquired at first.step 1 opens the ARPA INFOstep 2 selects the desired target (must be a fixed target), the SHOW symbol indicates the targetstep 3 opens the ARPA MENUstep 4 select REF TGT OFF/ONthe SHOW symbol changes to the REFERENCE TARGET symbol.

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−99 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Figure: 2−56 Reference target ON/OFFstep 3.step 1.REFERENCETARGET(GROUND)SymbolSHOWstep 2.step 4.

Operator Manual2−1003748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4.13 ARPA INFOThe ARPA INFO display can simultaneously show up to 3 items of target information. ID Identifier no. (1...70)STAT Status )*TCSE True course / can be changed to relative course RCSETSPD True speed / can be changed to relative speed RSPDDIST DistanceTBRG True bearingCPA Closest point of approachTCPA Time of closest point of approachBCR Bow crossing rangeBCT Bow crossing time)* TCPA Dangerous situationTI Target initial, after approx. 10 scans TN Target normalGUARD Target acquired using a GUARD zoneREF Info about a reference targetFigure: 2−57 ARPA INFOProcedure:Initial target selection is carried out using the cursor. The target information isthen shown in order from left to right in the ARPA INFO display.Step 1 Open the ARPA INFO displayStep 2 Select the relevant targets

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−101 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Figure: 2−58 Select ARPA targets for ARPA INFOStep 2Step 1.Sequence of actionsINFOTargets that the ARPA function classifies as dangerous trigger an alarm (visualand acoustic). At the same time the target information for that target is shown inthe 1st position in the ARPA INFO display.The previous target information entries are moved to the right. Acknowledging the alarm removes the relevant target information. The othertarget information entries move back to the left.

Operator Manual2−1023748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4.14 AIS INFO (option)The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is designed for automatic andautonomous data communication between ships. The communication dataconsist of information such as identification, position, speed, course over ground(detailed information see AIS Manual).AIS targets can be displayed on the Radar Video, detailed information on AISTargets can be shown on request and alarms for LOST and DANGEROUS AISTargets will be generated automatically.The Radar AIS INFO allows to change the following settings:TARGETS:SHOW enables the AIS symbols on the Radar VideoHIDE disables the AIS symbols on the Radar VideoSLEEPING the target symbols indicates the presence and orientation of the vessels equipped with AIS in a certain location. No additional information is present until activated thus avoiding information overload.NORMAL the target symbols indicate the presence and orientation of the vessels equipped with AIS in a certain location. All additional information are present in the AIS information. The AIS symbols display the total information (see chapter 2.4.14.2)RN G ... a range at which the AIS Targets shall be displayed can be set from 10 to 55 nm. LOST ... a range can be defined, above which no LOST Target Alarms will be generated. All Targets which go lost outside this range will disappear immediately without an indication.NOTESetting AIS LOSTRN = 0 nm will present multiple AIS Alarms and makeimportant standard Radar alarms more visible.

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−103 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005The Radar AIS INFO gives the following presentation information:Indication field for 3 items of AIS target informations.The current AIS information is shown in order from left to right.ID AIS Identifier no. from the ship of interest STAT Status )*CSE Course SPD Speed DIST DistanceTBRG True bearingCPA Closest point of approachTCPA Time of closest point of approach)* Danger Dangerous situation Figure: 2−59 AIS INFO

Operator Manual2−1043748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4.14.1 AIS Symbols in the Radar VideoFigure: 2−60 shows a possible Radar Video with AIS Targets and information.Figure: 2−60 AIS symbolsstep 2.step 1.Sequence of actionsstep 2.step 3.Procedure:After pressing the ARPA INFO softkey, the AIS INFO function is activated. TheAIS symbols appear in the Radar Video. The area for receiving the AISinformation depends on the used range area RNG ..... ln addition to the position information, the ship specific information can be shownin a second AIS INFO display.Step 1 Open the AIS INFO displayStep 2 Select the AIS symbol of interest, three symbols are marked with a square and accordingly no. 1....3Step 3 Open the second AIS display (showing the ship specifics information)

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−105 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.20052.4.14.2 AIS symbolsThe AIS symbols are assigned 5 different pieces of target information.Depending on the situation, each symbol has a different meaning (see followingtable).AIS Target Symbol Description of symbolAIS targets Targets SLEEPINGAn isosceles, acute−angled triangle should beused with its centriod representing the target’sreference position. The most acuteapex of thetriangle is aligned with the heading of the target,or with its COG, if heading information is notavailable. The symbol of the sleeping target issmaller than that of the activated target.Activated AIStargetsTargets NORMALAn isosceles, acute−angled triangle should beused with its centriod representing the target’sreference position. The most acute apex of thetriangle should be aligned with the heading ofthe target, or with its COG, if heading informa-tion is not available.The COG/SOG vector is displayed as dashedline starting at the centriod of the triangle.The heading is be displayed as solid line offixed length starting at the apex of the triangle.A flag on the heading indicates a turn and itsdirection in order to detect a target manoeuvrewithout delay.Selected target A square indicated by its corner is drawnaround the target symbol.Dangerous targetA bold line clearly distinguishable from the stan-dard lines is used to draw the symbol may beincreased. The target displayed with: vector,heading, and rate of turn indication. The symbolflashes until the Dangerous Target Alarm is ac-knowledged.Lost target A prominent solid line across the symbol, per-pendicular to the last orientation of the symbolis used. The line flashes until the Lost TargetAlarm is acknowledged. The target is displayedwithout vector, heading and rate of turn indica-tion.

Operator Manual2−1063748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.5 FUNCTION MENUThis menu provides additional functions.2.5.1 Select MAP MENUThe MAPS function allows the operator to create and permanently store maps. MAPS are normally produced for the current radar video. For example, they canbe saved under the name of a sea area corresponding to the radar video. If theship enters this sea area again, the associated map can be loaded. A map is formed by adding true mark symbols, nav lines and index lines to theradar video at points selected by the operator or at areas of interest. Thesymbols can be used to mark navigation channels, exclusion or safety zones,buoys or other pertinent points.NOTEValid position information is required to create maps. Position informationis transferred from a position receiver (e.g. GPS) to the NSC in the form of data telegrams. The MAP MENU cannot be called up without valid position information.A map can be made up of any combination of 100 TRUE MARKS, 50 NAVLINES and 50 INDEX LINES.As a map is created, it is placed in temporary storage. It is then saved (if desired) and placed in permanent storage. The maps may be placed inpermanent storage. Each map may be assigned a label made up of alphanumeric characters.

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−107 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Procedure: (see Figure: 2−61)Step 1 Open the FUNC menu Step 2 Open the MAP menuStep 3 Open the MAP menu function EDITStep 2Step 1Step 3Figure: 2−61 Calling up the MAP menu function CREATE MAP2.5.1.1 MAP MENU − EDIT(1) CREATE MAP TRUE MARKTRUE MARKTrue marks may be used to identify targets or points of interest. This function isavailable in the RM (..), TM, N UP or C UP modes.Once entered into the system, a true mark is treated as stationary object bybeing true motion stabilized and fixed to the radar map. The true mark position ischanged to reflect any changes in range scale, and display offsets.

Operator Manual2−1083748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.2005Procedure: (see Figure: 2−62)Step 1 Open the TRUE MARK function Step 2 Position the cursor and press the Left buttonStep 3 Shows the co−ordinates of the 1st TRUE MARKStep 2Step 1Step 3Figure: 2−62 Setting up a TRUE MARKStep 4Step 5 Step 6Editing a TRUE MARKProcedure: (see Figure: 2−62)Step 4 Open SELECT mode for TRUE MARKStep 5 Open EDIT mode for TRUE MARKStep 2 Select TRUE MARK using trackball and press Right button.The color of the symbol changes to RED.The MARK can now be repositioned using the trackball.Pressing the Left button drops the MARK.

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−109 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Deleting a TRUE MARKProcedure: (see Figure: 2−62)Step 4 Open SELECT mode for TRUE MARKStep 6 Open DELETE mode for TRUE MARKStep 2 Select TRUE MARK using trackball and press Right button.The MARK is deleted immediately.(2) CREATE MAP NAV LINENAV LINENavigation lines are shown as absolute lines in the radar video.The navigation lines can be plotted in the radar video using polygons. Thismeans that the navigation lines can be either continuous or dotted.The co−ordinates (LAT/LON) of the polygon points can be shown in the display(EDIT NAV LINE) using the cursor.NOTENavigation Lines are stored by latitude and longitude. Ensure that correctpositioning information is available before creating a new map.Procedure: (see Figure: 2−63)Step 1 Open the NAV LINE function (e.g. continuous lines)Step 2 Position the cursor and press the Left button for the start of the 1stline. Position the cursor at the next point and press the Left button again. Repeat this action until the desired NAV LINE is shown in the radar video. Pressing the Right button completes the NAV LINE

Operator Manual2−1103748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.2005•Cursor returns to park positionThis situation occurs after a pause in input. The cursor is returned to park position.The NAV LINE operation is canceled. The previous NAV LINE remains in theradar video but switches to fixed status (points are hidden). If the NAV LINE is tobe extended or changed, this can be done immediately by selecting it again (seeStep 1) or later using the EDIT function.Step 2Step 1Figure: 2−63 Setting up a NAV LINEEditing a NAV LINEEditing a NAV LINE allows you to change existing navigation lines. Eitherindividual polygon points or the entire MAP can be repositioned. Procedure: (see Figure: 2−64)Step 1 Open SELECT mode for NAV LINEStep 2 Select NAV LINE using trackball and press Right button.The NAV LINE display changes and all points are shown.The EDIT function is activated.

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−111 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Step 3 Open EDIT mode for the NAV LINEStep 4 In this status, there are two editing options:1−Change the course of the NAV LINE by moving one of the points.Select the desired point using the trackball and press the Right button.The current position is shown in the EDIT NAV LINE display.Determine marker position and drop by pressing the Left button. 2−Move NAV LINE or entire MAP in radar video.Position the cursor on a line in the MAP and press the Right button. This position is shown in the EDIT NAV LINE display.The entire MAP can now be moved as required.Pressing the Left button drops the MAP in the radar video.Step 4Step 3Figure: 2−64 Editing a NAV LINEStep 2Step 1

Operator Manual2−1123748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.2005Deleting a NAV LINEProcedure: (see Figure: 2−65)Step 1 Open SELECT mode for NAV LINEStep 2 Select NAV LINE using trackball and press Right button.The NAV LINE display changes and all points are shown.The DELETE function is activated.Step 3 Pressing the DELETE softkey deletes the NAV LINE from the radar video. Figure: 2−65 Deleting a NAV LINEStep 2Step 1Step 3

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−113 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005(3) CREATE MAP INDEX LINEINDEX LINEMap Index lines are shown as relative lines in the radar video. Using a paperchart they are planned before passing obstacles to maintain stand−off range.They are also used to prepare wheel−over points.The index lines can be plotted in the radar video using two points. Index lines can either be shown as continuous or dotted.The co−ordinates of the index lines are ship−specific (relative) and are shown in(°) for the bearing and in (NM) for the distance in the EDIT INDEX LINE display.Procedure: (see Figure: 2−66)Step 1 Open the INDEX LINE function (e.g. continuous line)Step 2 Position the cursor and press the Left button for 1st pointon the index line. Position the 2nd point on the index line.Step 2Figure: 2−66 Creating an INDEX LINEStep 1

Operator Manual2−1143748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.2005Editing an INDEX LINEThe index lines can be edited by way of their index points.Procedure: (see Figure: 2−67)Step 1 Open SELECT mode for INDEX LINEStep 2 Select INDEX LINE using trackball and press Right button.The INDEX LINE display changes and both points are shown.The EDIT function is activated.Step 3 Open the EDIT INDEX LINE displaySelect the desired point using the trackball and press the Right button.The current position is shown in the EDIT NAV LINE (bearing and distance) display.Step 4 Determine the new position and drop by pressing the Left button. Step 1Step 3Step 2Figure: 2−68 Editing an INDEX LINE

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−115 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Deleting a NAV LINEProcedure: (see Figure: 2−68)Step 1 Open SELECT mode for INDEX LINEStep 2 Select INDEX LINE using trackball and press Right button.The INDEX LINE display changes and both points are shown.The DELETE function is activated.Step 3 Pressing the DELETE softkey deletes the INDEX LINE from the radar video.

Operator Manual2−1163748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.5.1.2 MAP MENU − CONTROL −CONTROLThe control menu allows the operator to correct the placement of a MAP.This function can be used to realign NAV LINES, TRUE MARKERS and INDEXLINES in the current radar video.NOTEA position offset between a MAP and the current radar videocan have various causes (position, gyro, map date).The MAP MENU function CONTROL is only activated when a MAP isloaded (see chapter 2.5.1.6).Procedure:Step 1 Open the MAP menu.Step 2 Open the MAP menu function CONTROL.Step 3 Pressing the ADJUST softkey displays the ADJUST MAP menu (step 3.1). Depending on the composition of the MAPs (TRUE points or INDEX points or both) the individual operations are activated. MOVE ALL TRUE Points allows a new positioning of TRUE MARKERS and TRUE LINES. On pressing the soft button, the Cursor is positioned into the PPI−center. On the Radar Video, the MAP is faded in according to its geographical position. If the MAP is not visible, the range has to be adjusted accordingly. The MAP can now freely be moved on the Radar Video by means of the cursor and adjusted via reference points or lines (buoys or coastlines).On pressing the Left button, the MAP is placed on the Radar Video.The new position is indicated as RADAR FIX coordinate ∆LATITUDE and ∆LONGITUDE on the CONTROL MAP display.

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−117 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005 Simultaneously, the alarm message FIX ACTIVE: MAP LAT/LON is indicated on the display for ALARM MESSAGESPressing the CANCEL FIX softkey shows the original position of the MAP in the radar video.MOVE ALL INDEX Points (Relative) allows realignment of INDEX LINES, if the passage plan spontaneously changes.On pressing the soft buttons, the cursor is positioned into the PPI−center. In parallel, the MAP is faded in on the Radar Video.Now the MAP can freely be moved on the Radar Video. The current distance is indicated on the ADJUST MAP display. On pressing the Left button, the MAP is fixed on the desired position on the Radar Video.ROTATE INDEX Points (Relative) allows realignment of the INDEX LINES, if a gyro error is detected.As Index Lines are stabilized in true azimuth but are fixed to own ship in range, own ship changes course, the index lines on a map do not change in True Bearing, but will change in Relative Bearing. On pressing the soft buttons, the MAP can be rotated/turned in any direction. On pressing the Left button, the MAP is fixed on the desired position in the Radar Video.Step 4 TRUE MARKERS, NAV LINES or INDEX LINES can be shown or hiddenas required.Step 5 The current MAP is hidden in the radar video.

Operator Manual2−1183748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.2005Step 2Figure: 2−69 Calling up the MAP menu function CONTROL MAPStep 1Step 3Step 4Step 5As requiredStep 3.1

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−119 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005The RADAR FIX effect:If a MAP has been created and does not fit the current radar video whensubsequently loaded, a RADAR FIX can be used. This is done by using TRUEPOINTS or TRUE LINES.If a saved MAP does not fit the real radar video one or more of the following canbe true:a) The TRUE MAP was created using points or lat/long information from a paper chart not in WGS 84 datum.b) The TRUE or INDEX MAP was created “live” from a radar image on a previous voyage while the gyro was inaccurate (North speed errors not compensated, for example).c) The TRUE or INDEX MAP was created “live” from a radar image using different gyros (for ships equipped with two gyros).d) The gyro currently in use has a new error and requires service. Latitude North speed correction!e) The position sensor has an “error of the day”. For example Loran C errors.f) The position sensor currently in use is set to different data than the TRUE MAP data used, has incorrect data for where the ship is now or is set to data that is suitable for paper chart work but is not compatible with radar work.INFOBefore using RADAR FIX, consider how the MAP was created and check theposition sensor DATA/GYRO. It is better to organize these consistently than toapply the RADAR FIX option. Radar fix can provide temporary assistance(particularly in case e and f).

Operator Manual2−1203748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.5.1.3 MAP MENU − EXCHANGE −EXCHANGEThis function allows MAPs created on the NSC Radar to be read in and out.A USB stick can be used as an external storage medium.The USB port is located on the front of the unit.Procedure: (see Figure: 2−70)Step 1 Open the FUNC menu Step 2 Open the MAP menuStep 3 Open the MAP menu function EXCHANGEStep 4 Insert the USB stick into USB portStep 5 Press the REFRESH softkey; the NSC processor automatically detects the USB stick.Step 6/7 Select the desired operation. EXPORT – All MAPs located in the NSC MAP memory are transferred onto the USB stick.IMPORT – All MAPs located on the USB stick are transferred to the NSC memory.Step 8 Press the EJECT DEVICE softkey; the NSC processor automatically completes the operation.NOTETo counteract possible data loss, before removing the USB stick ensurethat the EJECT DEVICE softkey is pressed!

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−121 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Step 2Step 1Step 3Figure: 2−70 Calling up the MAP menu function EXCHANGE MAPS(Example)Step 8Step 5Step 7Step 6USB portStep 4NSC back side

Operator Manual2−1223748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.5.1.4 MAP MENU − SAVE −SAVEMAPS are created in the current radar video and can then be saved, for exampleunder the name of the sea area.MAPS are saved based on the fixed LATITUDE and LONGITUDE co−ordinates.Procedure: (see Figure: 2−71)Step 1 Open the FUNC menu Step 2 Open the MAP menuStep 3 Open the MAP menu function SAVEStep 4 Enter the desired MAP name using the cursor and the softkey keyboard.Pressing the SAVE softkey completes the operation.To check this, call up the MAP MENU LOAD (see chapter 2.5.1.6). The name of the saved MAP appears when you call up LOCAL MAP.Step 2Step 1Step 3Figure: 2−71 Calling up the MAP menu function SAVEStep 4

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−123 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.20052.5.1.5 MAP MENU − DELETE −DELETEDelete allows you to delete MAPS, which can be LOCAL or DISTANT MAPS.Procedure: (see Figure: 2−72)Step 1 Open the FUNC menu Step 2 Open the MAP menuStep 3 Open the MAP menu function DELETE.Step 4 Select LOCAL or DISTANT.Select the desired MAP.Pressing the DELETE softkey deletes the MAP.Step 2Step 1Step 3Figure: 2−72 Calling up the MAP menu function DELETEStep 4

Operator Manual2−1243748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.5.1.6 MAP MENU − LOAD −LOADLoad allows you to load a saved MAP. This function provides various MAP categories.The NSC system uses the saved LATITUDE / LONGITUDE co−ordinates toidentify the correlation between the MAP and the sea area currently displayed inthe radar video. The subsequent MAP lists are then automatically adapted to the changing radarvideo view. LOCAL MAPLocal MAPS are MAPS whose saved co−ordinates match the current sea area. DISTANT MAPDistant MAPS are MAPS created for a different sea area.The MAP names are shown in a list. Toggle fields allow you to scroll through this list.Procedure: (see Figure: 2−73)Step 1 Open the FUNC menu Step 2 Open the MAP menuStep 3 Open the MAP menu function LOAD.Step 4 Select LOCAL or DISTANT.Select the desired MAP.Pressing the LOAD softkey shows the MAP in the radar video. If necessary, select another range scale to find the LOCAL MAP in the Radar Video. Possible corrections can be made using the MAP MENU function CONTROL (see chapter 2.5.1.2).

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−125 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005 Step 2Step 1Step 3Figure: 2−73 Calling up the MAP menu function LOAD MAPSStep 4If necessary, select another range scale

Operator Manual2−1263748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.5.2 Select TRIAL MANEUVERThe trial maneuver feature allows the operator to see the results of possiblechanges in their own speed and/or course, without actually committing their ownship to those changes.When the trial maneuver function is on, a large letter T flashes at the bottom ofvideo display. This is to remind the operator that the current radar video andplotting data is not the true navigational situation. The user can return to normalradar operation by clicking on Trial again.When changing course or testing a proposed course, the trial heading isindicated in white and by a dashed line originating from own ship.NOTEIf True vectors are selected, your own ship’s vector will reflect any set and drift inputs (course made good).Target data (SPD, CSE, ID, CPA, TCPA) that is being plotted is still shown in the actual TRIAL MANEUVER readout.During a trial maneuver, there are no restrictions on operation within the NSCuser interface.Alarms and warnings during the trial maneuver;Real alarmsThe ARPA tracking system continues running in the background. If there is a real close range situation (target enters the CPA/TCPA zone limits),an automatic alarm is generated. The target symbol flashes and a correspondingtext message appears in the alarm display.Temporary alarmsIf a close range situation occurs during the trial maneuver, the target symbolsflash.

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−127 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Procedure: (see Figure: 2−74)Step 1 Open the FUNCTION menuStep 2 Open the TRIAL functionStep 3 Switch the vector display into TRUE mode (possible example)Step 4 Execute the TRIAL maneuver.The trial heading marker and the SHM are shown congruently in the radar video. Move the Course slider, CSE, to start the TRIALmaneuver. The trial heading marker is moved using the CSE slider. As well as the course, the speed SPD can also be adapted to the maneuvered.The readouts show relevant targets (ID no.) with their CPA/TCPA values,which could result in a possible close range situation during the TRIAL maneuvered.

Operator Manual2−1283748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.2005Settings for this example:(ARPA MENU)−PCP/CPA SYMBOLS ON−CPA WRN on PCP ONFigure: 2−74 Trial maneuver (example)Step 1Step 2Step 3Step 4Trial maneuver symbolTrial heading marker

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−129 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Result:When a trial maneuver is added, the trial course (CSE) identifies the newheading but cannot affect potential collision points because these depend on thespeed of approach towards other vessels (where your own ship could potentiallymeet another).Trial speed (SPD) changes the potential collision points and the higher theselected speed the more PCPs there will be in the vicinity of the tracked ships.A trial maneuver and PCPs are a way to view the advantages of a change inspeed.

Operator Manual2−1303748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.5.3 Select ROUTE (option)This function allows the transfer of routes, e.g. between an electronic sea chartNSC ECDIS and the NSC radar.The route planning is effected via NSC ECDIS (see NSC ECDIS manual).If the route position (NSC ECDIS) matches with the radar position, the route canbe displayed in the current radar video.Parallel to the route display, the active cursor of the NSC ECDIS appears in theradar video, and the active cursor from NSC radar on the display of the NSCECDIS.Precondition:−route planning via NSC ECDIS−position alignment of NSC ECDIS and NSC radarProcedure: (see Figure: 2−75) Step 1 Open the FUNCTION menuStep 2 Open the ROUTE functionStep 3 Select the ROUTE view of interest−HIDE ROUTE, for fading out the complete Route−HIDE XTD LIMITS, for fading out the XTD LIMITS only−HIDE WPT LABELS for fading out the WPT LABELS only

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−131 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Step 1Step 2Figure: 2−75 ROUTE (example)NSC ECDIS cursorStep 3

Operator Manual2−1323748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.5.4 Select T−SCE (ON/OFF)This function allows you to call up a TEST SCENARIO. The test scenario is described by an independent radar video, in which the testtargets are displayed.The radar video is identified by two flashing XX characters and is shown in the PPI.Procedure: (see Figure: 2−76)Step 1 Open the FUNCTION menuStep 2 Set T−SCE ONAfter several cycles, the test scenario appears in the PPI.These targets can be acquired manually or using the ARPA zones. The corresponding target information can be read out using the ARPA INFO.T−SCE OFF hides the test scenario.

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−133 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Figure: 2−76 Test scenarioStep 1Step 2Result:This test allows the ARPA tracker to be tested.The test is normally carried out in open waters. Activating T−SCE displays an artificial radar video containing several targets.These targets can be acquired manually or using acquisition zones. Each target acquired can be identified by the ARPA INFORMATION. The VECTORS, TRAILS and PAST POSITIONS for the targets can also beshown.

Operator Manual2−1343748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.20052.5.5 Select PERFORMANCE MONITOR The performance monitor PMU provides a transmitter power check and a receiversensitivity check. When targets are not available, the PMU can also be used formanual tuning of the radar to ensure maximum radar performance at all times. 2.5.5.1 Performance monitorBrief descriptionThis is a passive performance monitor system.This means: The performance monitor is a device capable of signaling any degradation in theperformance of the radar in the display. In particular, indicates the efficiency ofthe transmitter and the receiver.Procedure: (see Figure: 2−77) Step 1 Switch on the performance monitor by turning switch S1 on the external performance monitor switch to ON.Step 2 Select the 24 NM range. Wait at least 30 minutes in order to allow the temperature of the two systems to stabilize.Step 3 Change the TUNE mode from Auto to Manual by selecting the upper AUTO toggle field.Slowly adjust (TUNE slider) the tuning command for Radar Up to the 4 markers produced by the performance monitor and visualized in the NSC display (inability to synthesize the marker on the display unit may be due to a degradation above 10 dB on the transmitter and receiver or to a failure of the performance monitor).

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−135 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Figure: 2−77 PMU display for 6 feet X−bandF1Step 1Step 2Step 3PMU transmission checkNormal operationof transmitter powerDegradation of 4 dB in transmitter powerInfoThe dotted lines are onlyused to explain the PMU check.Result:By visualizing 4 markers on the radar video in the shape of an arc of a circle, theperformance monitor simultaneously performs the following checks:−Monitoring efficiency of radar transmission system−Monitoring efficiency of radar reception systemMonitoring efficiency of radar transmission systemDuring normal operation of the transmission system, the 4 markers, set to 14,16, 18 and 20 NM (see Figure: 2−77) must be visible in the radar video.Degradation of the transmitter power is indicated by a shift of the 4 markerstowards the center of the radar video;in particular a shift of 4 markers of 2 NM towards the center of Radar Video is obtained by each degradation of the transmitted power corresponding to 2 dB.

Operator Manual2−1363748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.2005Monitoring efficiency of radar reception systemAdjust the radar GAIN to obtain a floor noise that is just visible. If the radar isworking correctly, the 4 arcs must be recognizable; in particular the furthestmust be hardly recognizable by floor noise.The 4 markers are visualized with decreasing intensity starting from the nearestmarker to the one furthest from the center of the radar video.Each jump in intensity indicates a decrement of 3 dB in reception.If the sensitivity of the receiver decreases by 10 dB, the marker nearest to thecenter of the radar video will only just be recognizable above the noise.In the extreme condition corresponding to a degradation in power equal to orgreater than 10 dB for the transmitter and receiver, only one marker will appearon the radar video at a distance of 4 NM.Figure: 2−78 PMU receiver and transmitter checkInfoThe dotted lines are onlyused to explain the PMU check.PMU receiver/transmitter checkDegradation of 10 dB forreceiverDegradation of 10 dB in transmitter and receiverpower

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR2−137 3748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.20052.5.6 Select SECTOR BLANKING (ON/OFF)SECTOR BLANKING is one of the ship−specific settings to be made atcommissioning.The setting normally depends on the ship’s superstructure (e.g. cranes,chimneys etc.), from which strong reflection effects can be expected.These effects have a negative impact on the quality of the radar video.To counteract this, the relevant sectors can be blanked out in the radar video. Procedure: (see Figure: 2−79)Step 1 Open the FUNC menuStep 2 The default setting for SECTOR BLANKING is ON.Pressing the softkey restores the blanked sector to the radar video. Pressing the softkey again blanks the sector again.

Operator Manual2−1383748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.2005Figure: 2−79 Sector blankingStep 1Step 2Result:The radar video quality within the sector depends on the reflection influences.

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR3−13748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.20053 Theory of OperationThis chapter gives additional information about radar operation and functions.It explains terminology and and describes a number of effects which have influ-ence on radar performance and have to be considered by the operator. A radar uses a very high frequency radio wave (microwave) which has similarproperties to those of light regarding straightness and uniform velocity. The radarantenna radiates the fan shape fine microwave (fan beam) to the target just as asearch light throws the light beam to the target, and the reflected microwavefrom the target returns to the antenna. The radar does not use a continuous wave but radiates the wave for a very shortperiod (approx. 10−6 to 10−8 second .... called pulse) to measure the time fromwhen the wave is radiated till the reflected wave returns to the antenna. In addi-tion, with rotation of the antenna at a constant speed, the fan shape radio waveradiated from the antenna scans around 360_ − with the antenna at its center −in order to detect the object.3.1 Radar Plotting Terminology• Bearing (AZIMUTH)The horizontal direction of one point from another point, expressed as theangle in the horizontal plane between a reference line and the horizontal pro-jection of the line joining the two points.−TRUE Bearing > Reference is true north−RELATIVE Bearing > Reference is own ship’s heading•Target Speed−TRUE > Actual Speed made good by target.−RELATIVE > In relation to own ship’s movement

Operator Manual3−23748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.2005•Target Course−TRUE > Direction of target movement referenced to true north.−RELATIVE > Direction of target movement referenced to own ship bow.• Closest Point of Approach (CPA)The point at which a target will be closest to own ship• Time to Closest Point of Approach (TCPA)The time remaining to CPA, based on current own ship speed.•Potential Collision Point (PCP)The point at which a collision would take place if the target vessel maintainspresent course and speed, and own ship maintains present speed and if ownship were to choose to steer a collision course now. •Radar Video presentationRelative Motion (RM) In this mode, the radar shows the motion of a target relative to the motion of own ship, own ship is fixed on the screen. Targets move on the screen.Relative Motion can be with True Trails RM (T) with Relative Trails RM (R)True Motion (TM) In this mode, the actual or true motion of a target and own ship, i.e. landmasses or non−moving targets are fixed on the screen while targets withactual motion and own ship move on the screen (similar to plotting chart).

Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR3−33748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.2005Figure: 3−1 Relative Motion (R) / Relative Motion (T)

Operator Manual3−43748DOC020102 Edition: 14.JAN.2005•VectorsRelative Vector Line drawn on screen to indicate calculated relative course and speed of targets.True Vector Line drawn on screen to indicate calculated true course and speed of targets.

$Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbHGermanyRNSC 18RADAR3−53748DOC020102Edition: 14.JAN.20053.2 Radar Pattern InterpretationThe radar displays a chart−like picture (PPI) on TFT under normal conditions.Under certain conditions, however, various false echoes are generated, andsmall targets are hidden by rain, snow or sea waves. To correctly interpret tar-gets and patterns which appears on the TFT requires considerable experience.Compare patterns that appear on the radar image to the actual topography toacquire experience as far as possible.3.2.1 RangeThe detectable range depends on the antenna height and height of targets.Sometimes, however, the radar detectable range is longer due to refraction ofthe wave beam according to weather conditions.The radio wave is obstructed by mountains and hills, forming a shadow behindthese objects.D = 2 (√ H1 + √ H2)H1H2DFigure: 3−2 Detectable RangeD[NM]H[m]Examples:A big ship with 25 m antenna high can detect a 4 m high small ship in up to 14 NM distance.A big ship with 25 m antenna high can detect a 25 m high ship in up to 20 NM.A big ship with 25 m antenna height can detect a 100 m high coast in up to 30NM.$