Raytheon Anschuetz High Seas NSX-25U Shipborne Radar - X-Band Up Mast Transceiver User Manual

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Synapsis Radar
with Nautoscan NX Pedestal
Operator Manual
Raytheon Anschuetz GmbH
Postfach 11 66
D-24100 Kiel
Germany
Tel +49-4 31-30 19-0
Fax +49-4 31-30 19 464
Email service@raykiel.com
www.raytheon-anschuetz.com
Edition: July 2015
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Stand 12/2013
Version 12/2013
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Synapsis Radar
with Nautoscan NX Pedestal
Operator Manual
GENERAL INFORMATION
The present manual has been drawn up as a description and reference book. It will help to
answer questions and to solve problems in the quickest possible manner.
Before operating the equipment read and follow the instructions in this manual.
For this purpose refer to the table of contents and read the corresponding chapters
thoroughly.
If you have any further questions, please contact us on the following address:
RAYTHEON ANSCHÜTZ GMBH
Zeyestr. 16 - 24
24106 Kiel
Germany
Tel. 0431 / 3019 - 0
Fax 0431 / 3019 - 291
All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be copied, neither mechanically,
electronically, magnetically, manually nor otherwise, or distributed, forwarded or stored in a
data bank without written permission of RAYTHEON ANSCHÜTZ GMBH.
Copyright:
RAYTHEON ANSCHÜTZ GMBH
Zeyestr. 16 - 24
24106 Kiel
Germany
Since errors can hardly be avoided in the documentation in spite of all efforts, we should
appreciate any remark and suggestion.
Subject to alterations.
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CHANGE HISTORY
Date
Change
July 2015
Notes for FCC Rules inserted.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
General............................................................................................................... XI
0.1
Safety Regulations ................................................................................................. XI
0.2
Product and Performance Standards (if possible) ................................................. XII
0.3
Further Documents .............................................................................................. XIV
0.4
List of Abbreviation ................................................................................................ XV
BASIS SETTINGS TO USE THIS RADAR ........................................................ 1-1
1.1
Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1-3
1.1.1
Radar System Overview.................................................................................1-9
1.1.1.1
Single Radar System ............................................................................................ 1-9
1.1.1.2
Double and Multiple Systems – System Redundancy - ..................................... 1-11
1.1.1.3
Chart Radar ........................................................................................................ 1-13
1.1.1.4
Multifunction System .......................................................................................... 1-13
OPERATING INSTRUCTION ........................................................................... 2-1
2.1
Radar Operation................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.1
Display ...........................................................................................................2-2
2.1.2
Trackball ........................................................................................................2-2
2.1.2.1
Cursor Symbols .................................................................................................... 2-4
2.1.3
Radar Operator Panel ....................................................................................2-5
2.1.4
Operator Controls on the Radar Display and Soft Button ...............................2-8
2.1.4.1
Operator Controls on the Radar Display .............................................................. 2-8
2.1.4.2
Soft Buttons ........................................................................................................ 2-10
2.1.5
Context Menu ...............................................................................................2-14
2.1.6
Global Settings and Displays in the INS System ..........................................2-16
2.1.7
MFC Switch ..................................................................................................2-17
2.1.8
Remote Panel USB Port...............................................................................2-19
2.2
Set to Operation ................................................................................................. 2-20
2.2.1
2.2.1.1
Switch ON ....................................................................................................2-20
System Configuration Diagram........................................................................... 2-22
2.2.2
Switch OFF ..................................................................................................2-25
2.2.3
System Reset ...............................................................................................2-27
2.2.4
Monitor Status Indicator ...............................................................................2-27
2.3
Display Organization and Submenu Structure .................................................... 2-29
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2.3.1
Sensitivity Controls .......................................................................................2-40
2.3.1.1
Gain and Clutter Processing............................................................................... 2-40
2.3.1.2
Tune.................................................................................................................... 2-41
2.3.1.3
Gain .................................................................................................................... 2-42
2.3.1.4
Sea ..................................................................................................................... 2-43
2.3.1.5
Rain Rate ............................................................................................................ 2-44
2.3.1.6
Automatic Clutter Reduction ............................................................................... 2-45
2.3.1.7
Filtering Rain Clouds FTC .................................................................................. 2-46
2.3.1.8
Search and Rescue Transponder SART ON/OFF ............................................. 2-47
2.3.1.9
Pulse Width Selection (only available in Master mode) ..................................... 2-50
2.3.1.10
Interference Selection IR ON/OFF ..................................................................... 2-53
2.3.1.11
Echo Expansion EXP. ON/OFF .......................................................................... 2-53
2.3.2
Radar Video Displays ...................................................................................2-54
2.3.2.1
Ship Heading Marker .......................................................................................... 2-54
2.3.2.2
Relative Motion or True Motion .......................................................................... 2-55
2.3.2.3
North UP, Head UP, Course UP and Repeater UP............................................ 2-62
2.3.2.4
Reduced Video Display ...................................................................................... 2-68
2.3.3
Radar Video Settings ...................................................................................2-69
2.3.3.1
Range ................................................................................................................. 2-69
2.3.3.2
Range Rings ....................................................................................................... 2-70
2.3.3.3
Center ................................................................................................................. 2-71
2.3.3.4
Reset TM ............................................................................................................ 2-73
2.3.4
Navigational Elements MAP, PIL, EBL and VRM .........................................2-74
2.3.4.1
Select Map Menu ................................................................................................ 2-77
2.3.4.2
Parallel Index Line PIL ........................................................................................ 2-92
2.3.4.3
Deactivating the Parallel Index Line (PIL) .......................................................... 2-95
2.3.4.4
EBL/VRM Menu .................................................................................................. 2-96
2.3.4.5
Enabling EBL/VRM FLOAT Using Cursor .......................................................... 2-97
2.3.4.6
Editing EBL and VRM ......................................................................................... 2-99
2.3.4.7
Deactivating EBL and VRM .............................................................................. 2-100
2.3.5
Cursor Information .....................................................................................2-104
2.3.6
Cursor in Park Position...............................................................................2-105
2.3.7
Information Panel .......................................................................................2-106
2.3.7.1
Display of Own Ships Data ............................................................................... 2-107
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2.4
2.3.7.2
Display and Selection of VECTOR and PAST POSITION Information ............ 2-112
2.3.7.3
UTC .................................................................................................................. 2-116
2.3.7.4
Display of Submenus ........................................................................................ 2-117
2.3.7.5
Display for Alarm .............................................................................................. 2-117
2.3.7.6
User Settings .................................................................................................... 2-121
Select Target Information TGT INFO ................................................................ 2-124
2.4.1
2.5
AIS Symbols on the Radar Video ...............................................................2-126
Target Menu ..................................................................................................... 2-128
2.5.1
General Information ...................................................................................2-129
2.5.2
Set Target Options .....................................................................................2-132
2.5.2.1
PCP/CPA Symbols ON/OFF ............................................................................ 2-132
2.5.2.2
CPA Warning Circle ON/OFF (CPA/TCPA) ..................................................... 2-137
2.5.2.3
Show Target ID as Label .................................................................................. 2-140
2.5.2.4
Lost Alarm Range …NM ................................................................................... 2-141
2.5.2.5
Delete All Targets ............................................................................................. 2-142
2.5.2.6
Reference Target ON/OFF ............................................................................... 2-143
2.5.3
2.5.3.1
2.5.4
Manual Plotting - ACQ TGT - ........................................................................... 2-145
Set AIS Options..........................................................................................2-146
2.5.4.1
AIS Options....................................................................................................... 2-146
2.5.4.2
Target Symbols (ARPA / AIS) .......................................................................... 2-149
2.5.5
2.6
Set Tracker Options ...................................................................................2-145
Association Settings ...................................................................................2-162
2.5.5.1
Target Type Hierarchy ...................................................................................... 2-162
2.5.5.2
Source Hierarchy .............................................................................................. 2-164
Zone Management ........................................................................................... 2-166
2.6.1
Create Zone Form ......................................................................................2-167
2.6.1.1
Select ACQUISITION Zone Shape .................................................................. 2-169
2.6.1.2
Select GUARD Zone Shape ............................................................................. 2-175
2.6.1.3
Select Exclusion Zone Shape........................................................................... 2-180
2.6.2
Edit Zone....................................................................................................2-182
2.6.3
Delete Zone ...............................................................................................2-184
2.6.4
Zone Usage ...............................................................................................2-186
2.7
Function Menu ................................................................................................. 2-187
2.7.1
Select the Backlight Menu Brightness Control and Color Palette ................ 2-187
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2.7.2
Select T-SCE (ON/OFF).............................................................................2-189
2.7.3
Select Route (Option) .................................................................................2-191
2.7.4
Select Zoom Menu .....................................................................................2-193
2.7.5
Select Sector Blanking (ON/OFF)...............................................................2-194
2.7.6
System Clear .............................................................................................2-196
2.7.7
Performance Monitor (PMU).......................................................................2-197
2.7.8
Magnetron Current .....................................................................................2-199
2.7.9
Test Alert....................................................................................................2-200
2.7.10
Senc Menu .................................................................................................2-201
2.7.11
Chart Info ...................................................................................................2-205
2.8
Chart Radar Function ....................................................................................... 2-206
2.8.1
Chart ..........................................................................................................2-207
2.8.2
Chart Info ...................................................................................................2-208
2.9
Select ARPA Trial Manoeuvre .......................................................................... 2-213
2.10
Sea Scout (Option) ........................................................................................... 2-217
2.11
Alarm and Warning messages and handling .................................................... 2-222
2.11.1
Program Alarm Pop-Up Window – Picture Freeze Alarm –.........................2-222
2.11.2
Alarm Messages ........................................................................................2-223
2.11.3
Warning Messages ....................................................................................2-228
2.12
Working Around the Radar Antenna ................................................................. 2-231
Theory of Operation .......................................................................................... 3-1
3.1
Radar Plotting Terminology .................................................................................. 3-1
3.2
Radar Pattern Interpretation ................................................................................. 3-6
3.2.1
3.3
Range ............................................................................................................3-6
3.2.1.1
Sea Clutter, Rain Clutter ....................................................................................... 3-7
3.2.1.2
Interference Effect ................................................................................................ 3-8
3.2.1.3
Side Lobe Effect ................................................................................................... 3-9
3.2.1.4
Second trace false echo ..................................................................................... 3-10
3.2.1.5
Abnormal Atmospheric Conditions ..................................................................... 3-12
Vector Presentation ............................................................................................ 3-13
3.3.1
True Vector Mode ........................................................................................3-13
3.3.2
Relative Vector Mode ...................................................................................3-14
3.4
Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) ................................................................. 3-15
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3.4.1
Sensor Errors ...............................................................................................3-16
3.4.1.1
Gyro Compass .................................................................................................... 3-16
3.4.1.2
Speed Log .......................................................................................................... 3-16
3.4.1.3
Plotting ................................................................................................................ 3-16
3.4.2
3.5
Collision Assessment (Surveillance) .............................................................3-18
3.4.2.1
Accuracy of Collision Assessment ..................................................................... 3-18
3.4.2.2
Displaying of CPAs ............................................................................................. 3-18
Keep the Following Points in Mind when Operating the NAUTOSCAN NX ......... 3-20
Index............................................................................................................... 4-21
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1
Figure 1-2
Figure 1-3
Figure 2-1
Figure 2-2
Figure 2-3
Figure 2-4
Figure 2-5
Figure 2-6
Figure 2-7
Figure 2-8
Figure 2-9
Figure 2-10
Figure 2-11
Figure 2-12
Figure 2-13
Figure 2-14
Figure 2-15
Figure 2-16
Figure 2-17
Figure 2-18
Figure 2-19
Figure 2-20
Figure 2-21
Figure 2-22
Figure 2-23
Figure 2-24
Figure 2-25
Basic Settings ........................................................................................ 1-1
Single Radar System ........................................................................... 1-10
Double Radar System .......................................................................... 1-12
Radar components ................................................................................. 2-1
Trackball ................................................................................................ 2-2
Cursor Symbols ..................................................................................... 2-4
Radar Operator Panel ............................................................................ 2-5
Remote Panel ...................................................................................... 2-19
Radar in STANDBY mode – System configuration diagram – .............. 2-23
Radar Utility selector ............................................................................ 2-26
Monitor status LED............................................................................... 2-27
Display organization ............................................................................. 2-29
Display and submenus organization ..................................................... 2-31
Display and organization of AIS INFO and ARPA MENUs ................... 2-34
Display of ARPA submenus and selected functions ............................. 2-35
Display of FUNCtion submenus and selected functions (part 1) ........... 2-36
Display of FUNCtion submenus and selected functions (part 2) ........... 2-37
Display of navigational submenus and selected functions (part 1)........ 2-38
Display of navigational submenus and selected functions (part 2)........ 2-39
SART transponder < 0,2NM ................................................................. 2-48
SART transponder ~1NM .................................................................... 2-48
SART transponder > 2NM .................................................................... 2-49
Radar pulse width ................................................................................ 2-52
Relative Motion without TRAILS ........................................................... 2-56
Relative Motion (R) with relative TRAIL ................................................ 2-57
Relative Motion (T) with true TRAILS ................................................... 2-58
True Motion without TRAILS ................................................................ 2-59
True Motion (R) with relative TRAILS ................................................... 2-60
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Figure 2-26
Figure 2-27
Figure 2-28
Figure 2-29
Figure 2-30
Figure 2-31
Figure 2-32
Figure 2-33
Figure 2-34
Figure 2-35
Figure 2-36
Figure 2-37
Figure 2-38
Figure 2-39
Figure 3-1
Figure 3-2
Figure 3-3
Figure 3-4
Figure 3-5
Figure 3-6
Figure 3-7
Figure 3-8
Figure 3-9
Figure 3-10
Figure 3-11
True Motion (T) with true TRAILS......................................................... 2-61
North UP in RM (R) or RM (T) .............................................................. 2-64
Reduced Video Display ........................................................................ 2-68
Video in CENter and in OFF CENter position ....................................... 2-72
Navigational Elements EBL, VRM and PIL ........................................... 2-75
Radar video 2 EBL, 2 VRM and PIL navigational elements .................. 2-76
Creating a parallel index line ................................................................ 2-94
Navigating with bearing lines and variable range markers .................. 2-102
EBL3 / VRM3 Example with Information............................................. 2-103
Radar Information Panel .................................................................... 2-106
Past position information .................................................................... 2-115
Display for alarm messages ............................................................... 2-118
Sea Scout situation ............................................................................ 2-217
Picture freeze alarm ........................................................................... 2-222
Relative Motion (T) / Relative Motion (R) ................................................ 3-3
True Motion (T) / True Motion (R)........................................................... 3-4
Detectable Range .................................................................................. 3-6
Pattern interpretation.............................................................................. 3-7
Interference selection IR ON / OFF ........................................................ 3-8
Side lobe and multiple reception false echoes........................................ 3-9
Second Trace False Echo Effect .......................................................... 3-10
Second Trace False Echo, Duct Effect ................................................. 3-11
Atmospheric Condition ......................................................................... 3-12
True Vector Mode ................................................................................ 3-13
Relative Vector Mode ........................................................................... 3-14
TABLE OF TABLES
Table 1-1
Table 1-2
Table 2-1
Table 2-2
Table 2-3
Table 2-4
Table 2-5
Table 2-6
Table 2-7
Table 2-8
Table 2-9
Table 2-10
Basic Soft button Settings ...................................................................... 1-1
Maximum distance from the antenna...................................................... 1-7
Radar Operator Panel ............................................................................ 2-6
Operator Controls on the Radar Display................................................. 2-8
Context Menu....................................................................................... 2-15
MFC Switch.......................................................................................... 2-18
Remote Panel ...................................................................................... 2-19
Switch OFF .......................................................................................... 2-25
Pulse width selection on dependency the current range scale ............. 2-50
Reduced Radar Functions.................................................................... 2-65
Overview range and rings .................................................................... 2-69
Control settings in response to Default selection. ............................... 2-121
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General
0.1
Safety Regulations
The following safety symbols are used in this manual:
WARNING
Warning statements indicate a hazardous situation that, if
not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
Caution statements indicate a hazardous situation that, if
not avoid, could result in minor or moderate injury.
Notes indicate information considered important but not
hazard related.
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0.2
Product and Performance Standards (if possible)
Standards
Description
IEC 62388
Maritime navigation and radio communication equipment and
systems – Ship borne – Performance requirements, methods
of testing and required test results.
IEC 60945
Maritime navigation and radio communication equipment and
system – General requirements- Methods of testing and
required test results.
IEC 60945
Maritime navigation and radio communication equipment and
system – General requirements- Methods of testing and
required test results.
IEC 61162
IEC 61174
IEC 61924-2: 2012
IEC 61996-1: 2012
Maritime navigation and radio communication equipment and
systems - Digital interfaces.
Maritime navigation and radio communication equipment and
systems – Electronic chart display and information systems
(ECDIS) – Operational and performance requirements,
methods of testing and required test results.
Maritime navigation and radio communication equipment and
systems – Part 2 Modular Structure for INS – Operational
and performance requirements, methods of testing and
required test results.
Maritime navigation and radio communication equipment and
systems – Ship borne voyage data recorder (VDR) – Part 1:
Voyage data recorder (VDR) – Performance requirements –
Methods of testing and required test results.
ITU-R Recommendation
M.628
Technical characteristics for search and rescue Radar
transponders.
ITU-R Recommendation
M.824
Technical parameters of Radar beacons (racons).
ITU-R M.1176
Technical parameters of Radar target enhancers.
IHO S-52
Specifications for chart content and display aspects of
ECDIS.
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Standards
Description
IHO S52 Annex A
IHO ECDIS Presentation Library.
IMO Resolution A.424(XI)
Performance standards for Gyro-compasses.
IMO Resolution A.694(17)
General requirements for ship borne radio equipment
forming part of the global maritime distress and safety
system (GMDSS) and for electronic navigational aids.
IMO Resolution A.821(19)
Performance standards of Gyro-compasses for High –Speed
Craft.
IMO Resolution
MSC.96(72)
Amendments to IMO Resolution A.824(19), Performance
standards for devices to indicate speed and distance.
IMO Resolution
MSC.116(73)
Performance standards for the marine transmitting heading
devices (THDs).
IMO Resolution
MSC.191(79)
Performance standards for the presentation of navigation
related information on ship borne navigational displays.
IMO Resolution
MSC.192(79)
Revised performance standards for Radar equipment.
IMO Resolution
MSC.232(82)
Revised performance standards for electronic chart display
and information system (ECDIS).
IMO Resolution
MSC.302(87)
Performance standards for bridge alert management.
IMO MSC.1/Circ.1389
Guidance on procedures for updating ship borne navigation
and communication equipment.
VESA-2007-5:2007
Industry standards and guidelines for computer display
monitor timing (DMT).
DDWG DVI:1999, (DDWG)
Digital Visual Interface (DVI) Revision 1.0, Digital Display
Working Group.
IEC 62288
Edition July 2015
Maritime navigation and radio communication and systems –
Presentation of navigation-related information on ship borne
navigational displays – General requirements, methods of
testing and required results.
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0.3
Further Documents
Additional documentations are dependent on the Radar System.
A single Radar System includes:
Title
Documentation No.
Synapsis Radar Service Manual and
Drawings
4265
Small Marine Computer Documentation
4301
Synapsis System Documentation
4279
Synapsis Service Tool for Nautoscan NX
Documentation
4280
Radar Transmission Line Installation
4235
A Multifunction System includes:
Title
Documentation No.
Radar Service Manual and Drawings
4265
Small Marine Computer Documentation
4301
Synapsis ECDIS Operator Manual
4276
Synapsis Nautoconning Manual
4278
Synapsis HD Conning
4285
Synapsis System Documentation
4279
Synapsis Service Tool for Nautoscan NX
Documentation
4280
Radar Transmission Line Installation
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List of Abbreviation
Term
Description
ACP
Azimuth Commit Point
ACQ
Automatic Acquisition
AIS
Automatic Identification System
APM
Active Performance Monitor
ARCP
Autopilot Remote Control Panel
ARPA
Automatic Radar Plotting Aid
ARP
Azimuth Reset Point
ASSOC
Association
ATON
Aids to Navigation
AUX
Auxiliary
BCR
Bow Crossing Range
BCT
Bow Crossing Time
BMP
Bitmap
BNC
Bayonet Neill Concelman
BRG
Bearing
BT
Bottom Track
CAN
Controller Area Network
CCRS
Consistent Common Reference System
CD
Compact Disk
CD- ROM
Compact Disk, Read- only Memory
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Term
Description
CIL
Cross Index Lines and Clearing Ranges
COG
Course Over Ground
CP
Clearing Range
CPA
Closest Point of Approach
CPU
Central Processing Unit
CR
Clearing Range
CRP
Common Reference Point
CSE
Course
CUP
Course Up
CURS
Cursor
DB
Decibel
DC
Direct Current
DEL
Delete
Differential Global Positioning
DGPS
System
DIP
Display
DNC
Distance to New Course
DR
Dead Range
DS
Deck Stand
DST
Distance
DVID
Digital Video Interface Digital
DVM
Digital Volt Meter
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Term
Description
EBL
Electronic Bearing Line
EIA
Environmental Impact Assessment
EMI
Electromagnetic Induction
ENC
Electronic Navigational Chart
ETA
Estimated Time of Arrival
EXCL
Exclusion
EXP
Expansion
Floating
FCC
Federal Communications Commission
FET
Field Effect Transistor
FT
Foot/feet
FTC
Filtering of Rain Clutter
FTM
Fix True Motion
FUNC
Function
GND
Chassis Ground
GNU
General Public License
HDG
Heading
HL
Heading Line
HLT
Heading Line True
HP
Horse Power
HV
High Voltage
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Term
Description
HUP
Head Up
HW
Hardware
ICU
Interface Control Unit
ID
Identification
IF
Intermediate Frequency
IHO
International Maritime Organization
INS
Integrated Navigation System
I/O
Input/Output
IP
Ingress Protection
IR
Interference Rejection
LAT
Latitude
LED
Light Emitting Diode
LNFE
Low Noise Front End
LON
Longitude
LP
Long Pulse
MAG
Magnetic
MAN
Manual
MDL
Modulator
MDS
Minimum Discernible Signal
Med
Medium Pulse
MFC
Multifunction Console
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Term
Description
MTR
Modulator Transmitter Receiver
NAV
Navigation
NM
Nautical Miles
N--UP
North Up
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSK
On Screen Keyboard
PCB
Printed Circuit Board
PCI
Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCP
Potential Collision Point
PI
Parallel Index
PIL
Parallel Index Line
PM
Performance Monitor
PMT
Per Metic Ton
PMU
Performance Monitor Unit
POS
Position
PPI
Plan Position Indicator
RACON
Receiver/Transmitter Transponder Devices used as a
Navigation aid
RCSE
Relative course
RDP
Radar Data Processor
REF
Reference
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Term
Description
RM (R)
Relative Motion and Relative Trails
RM (T)
Relative Motion and True Trails
RMT
Remote
RNC
Raster Nautical Chart
RR
Range Rings
RRB
Radar Radio Beacon
RSPD
Relative Speed
RTM
Receiver Transmitter Module
RTN
Return
RTX
Receiver Transmitter Plate
R UP
Repeater Up
RX
Receive
SART
Search and Rescue Transponder
SAT
Satellite
SCE
Scenario
SENC
System Electronic Navigation Chart
SERV
Service Mode
SHM
Ship Heading Marker
SOG
Speed Over Ground
SP
Short Pulse
SPD
Speed
STAT
Status
STBY
Standby
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Term
Description
STD
Standard
STW
Speed True Water
TB
Transceiver Bridge
TBRG
True Bearing
TCM
Transceiver Control Module
TCPA
Time of Closest Point of Approach
TCSE
True Course
TCU
Transceiver Control Unit
TEMP
Temperature
TFT
Thin Film Transistor
TGT
Target
TM
True Motion
TN
Tune
TP
Test Point
TRG
Trigger
TRIG CONT
Trigger Control Switch
TRU
True
TSCE
Test Scenario
TT
Table Top
TTG
Time To Go
Tx
Transceiver ON
TXON
Transmit ON
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Term
Description
USB
Universal Serial Bus
U.T.C.
Universal Time Coordinated
VAC
Voltage Alternating Current
VDR
Voyage Data Recorder VGA Video Graphic Adapter
VSWR
Voltage Standing Value Ratio
WDT
Watchdog timer
W/G
World Geodetic System
WPT
Waypoint
WRN
Warning
WT
Water Track
XCVR
Transceiver unit
XTD
Cross Track Distance
XTRIG
Transmit Trigger
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BASIS SETTINGS TO USE THIS RADAR
After doing these settings the Radar is ready to work (pre-conditions, GPS
sensor and GYRO sensor are available).
It is absolute necessary to read the following operator manual before you are
working with this Radar.
Figure 1-1
Basic Settings
Table 1-1
Basic Soft button Settings
Pos. No.
Soft button settings
ECHO EXP OFF
VECTOR TRUE
SPD LOG (WT)
FILTER ON
TX
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Pos. No.
Soft button settings
MODE RM(T)
COLLISION AVOIDANCE
Pos. No.
Soft button settings
TGT MENU
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Then select soft button
PCP/CP SYMBOLS ON and
CPA WRN CIRCLE ON.
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1.1
Introduction
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with
the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of
the FCC Rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in a commercial environment.
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this
equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful
interference in which case the user will be required to
correct the interference at his own expense.
Installation, Maintenance and repairs must only be carried
out by trained and qualified personal with knowledge of the
national safety regulations for electrical devices.
Removal or insertion of a subgroup or printed wiring board
with live voltage can lead to severe damage.
Never insert fuses with other values than those stipulated!
If acting without authority any modifications the Radar
can be affects the functionality and lose the GUARANTY.
This Radar is an aid to navigation. Its accuracy can be
affected by many factors such as equipment defect,
environmental conditions, or improper operation. It is the
user’s responsibility to exercise common prudence and
navigational judgment at all times.
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This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules [and
with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s)].
Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1)
(2)
this device may not cause harmful interference, and
this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired
operation.
Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d'Industrie
Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de
licence. L'exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions
suivantes:
(1)
(2)
l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et
l'utilisateur de l'appareil doit accepter tout brouillage
radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est
susceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement.
Changes or modifications made to this equipment not
expressly approved by (manufacturer name) may void the
FCC authorization to operate this equipment.
WARNING
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Caution during maintenance and repairs: Avoid contact with
live electrical circuits!
All relevant safety regulations such as, e.g. VDE, VGB4,
OSHA 1919 and other relevant safety standards must be
observed.
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WARNING
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with
the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to IEC
60945 and IEC 62388. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference when
the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio
frequency energy. If not properly installed and used in
accordance with the instructions, this equipment may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of
this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause
harmful interference in which case the user will be required
to correct the interference at his own expense.
The used sensor equipment pursuant to IEC 61162.
Using this Radar as High Speed Radar the Gyro Sensor
must be a High Speed Gyro Sensor as well.
WARNING
HIGH VOLTAGE
There is no danger in handling the external controls of the
Radar while the Radar is in operation. However, in the
Radar‘s interior are high voltages which are fatally
dangerous to anyone carelessly handling interior
components. Be absolutely sure that the Radar power
switch or the Radar system is switched OFF before
performing repair work or maintenance.
Furthermore, even when the Radar power switch or the
Radar system is turned OFF, a high voltage remains in
certain parts of the Radar circuits. In particular, be careful of
the magnetron heater circuit, cathode- ray tube anode
circuit, etc. Before touching any part of the voltage sections,
use a length of wire with one end fully grounded or an
insulated screwdriver to ground all high voltage sections in
order to discharge the residual charges and ensure that no
charges remain. In any case, the most dangerous thing to
do is to touch any part of the high voltage sections without
making sure that the Radar power switch or the Radar
system must be switched OFF.
WARNING
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sure to turn OFF the Radar power switch or the Radar
system before performing maintenance or inspection of the
antenna.
Also, make sure that the area around the antenna is clear
of personnel and equipment when turning ON the Radar
power supply.
WARNING
MICROWAVE RADIATION
A short exposure to the microwaves radiated by the Radar
antenna is harmless- however, avoid prolonged exposure to
the microwaves.
Never look directly into the wave guide while checking
transceiver operation since microwaves are especially
harmful to the eyes.
The radiation of microwaves can be checked with a neon
tube.
The neon tube will glow in the presence of microwaves.
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MICROWAVE RADIATION LEVELS
The maximum distances from the antenna at which radio frequency radiation
levels of 100 W/m2, 50 W/m2 and 10 W/m2 can be expected are included in
the following table and diagram.
The table and diagram shows simulated results for the 6” and 8“ X-Band Up
System (25 kW) and for the 12“ S-Band Up System (30 kW) for a none rotating
transmitting antenna (worst case scenario).
Table 1-2
Maximum distance from the antenna.
Radar System
Radiation Density
100 W/m
Radiation Density
50 W/m
Radiation Density
10 W/m
6” X-Band; Range
0,5 m
1,3 m
6,0 m
8” X-Band; Range
0,7 m
1,0 m
4,7 m
12” S-Band; Range
0,3 m
0,7 m
3,5 m
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An operator should become familiar with the location of the display information
and the control panel buttons.
Manual overview:
Chapter 1
Important safety notes for the Radar System
Chapter 2
Operation and short operation
Chapter 3
Theory of operation
The Radar is designed in accordance with the rules of the International
Maritime Organization IMO*.
* The International Maritime Organization is the specialized agency of the
United Nations which is responsible for safety and security at sea and the
prevention of marine pollution from ships.
The Radar system supports the Categories of Ship according to CAT 1, CAT 2,
CAT3 and for the options High Speed Radar (for example CAT 1H) and Chart
Radar (for example CAT 1HC) depending on the used display size.
The main components of the Radar (Figure 1-1)
−
−
−
−
the Flat Screen Display (TFT Technology)
the trackball and the Radar Operator Panel or the Remote Panel
(option)
the Radar Processor
Ethernet switch and Serial to Ethernet converter
Radar operation
The Radar can be completely operated via the trackball controlled cursor.
The Radar Operator Panel is designed for the execution of certain Radar
functions.
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1.1.1
Radar System Overview
The Raytheon Anschütz Radar LAN technology enables a broadband Radar
system configuration.
Each Radar system includes apart from the application software the SYNAPSIS
administration and installation program (For detailed information see Synapsis
System Documentation 4279)
The SYNAPSIS software is used for the following system areas.
1.1.1.1
•
Adaption of the Radar system to the ship specific parameters (eg.
length, beam, Common Reference Point (CRP))
•
Sensor connection and administration
•
Alert management
•
System specific networking
Single Radar System
A Single System characterises the X- or S-Band Radar System (Figure 1-2
depicts a system overview)
The Radar system consists of the following parts:
− Pedestal (Nautoscan NX)
The X-Band Pedestal is equipped with an 6ft or 8ft antenna
The S-Band Pedestal is equipped with an 12ft antenna.
Both variants Nautoscan NX UP and DOWN are available. A continuous
PMU monitoring is included.
− Transceiver
The transceiver represents the transmitter and receiver within the Radar
signal transmission chain. Depending on the equipment type the
transceiver is either located in the pedestal (UP Pedestal) or in a
separate cabinet (DOWN Pedestal).
− Navigational Sensor Device Interface (NautoPlex 8plus8)
The NautoPlex 8plus8 represents the central system interface for
reading and writing the navigational sensor device information.
All sensor data is read and transmitted via a LAN connection to the
workstation.
− Operation
The Radar is operated at a multifunction console (MFC). The MFC
equipment features;
a TFT display (19“, 23.1”, 26” or 27“), a trackball, a Radar operator
panel, optional a remote panel NSC and the computer (Small Marine
Computer).
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Nautoscan NX X-band (UP Version)
with 6ft or 8ft antenna
Nautoscan NX X-band (DOWN Version)
with 6ft or 8ft antenna
Transceiver
WS 1
Radar / MFC
Seriell / Ethernet Converter
(NautoPlex 8plus8)
WIND
LOG
GPS1
GYRO
The connected sensor equipment
must be approved in accordance with
the requirements of the IMO
Cable legend
1 LAN cable
2 Board cable
3 Wave guide
Figure 1-2
Single Radar System
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1.1.1.2
Double and Multiple Systems – System Redundancy Double or multiple systems are configured as redundant systems.
Malfunctions or device failures are compensated via the redundant system
configuration (Figure 1-3 depicts a system overview).
The Radar system consists of the following parts
−
−
−
−
−
Two Pedestals (Nautoscan NX)
The X-Band Pedestal is equipped with an 6ft or 8ft antenna
The S-Band Pedestal is equipped with an 12ft antenna.
Both variants Nautoscan NX UP and DOWN are available. A continuous
PMU monitoring is included.
Two Transceivers
The transceiver represents the transmitter and receiver within the Radar
signal transmission chain. Depending on the equipment type the
transceiver is either located in the Pedestal (UP Pedestal) or in a
separate housing (DOWN Pedestal).
Two Navigational Sensor Device Interfaces (NautoPlex 8plus8)
The NautoPlex 8plus8 represents the central system interface for
reading and writing the navigational sensor device information.
All sensor data is read and transmitted to the system network.
LAN (Local Area Network) and Data Distribution
The system is equipped with a Local Area Network (LAN)
The data distribution is made via two 24 Port Ethernet switches.
Operation
The Radar system is operated at two or more multifunction consoles
(MFC). The MFC equipment features;
a TFT display (19“ or 26“), a trackball, a Radar operator panel, optional
a remote panel NSC and the computer (Small Marine Computer).
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Nautoscan NX X-Band (with 6ft or 8ft antenna)
and S-Band ((with 12ft) (UP Version))
Nautoscan NX X-Band (with 6ft or 8ft antenna) and
S-Band (with 12ft antenna) (DOWN Version)
Transceiver
S-Band
Transceiver
X-Band
Gateway
Gyro/Autopilot
Switch
Switch
WS 1
Radar / MFC
WS 2
Radar / MFC
Seriell / Ethernet Converter
(NautoPlex 8plus8)
The connected sensor equipment
must be approved in accordance
with the requirements of the IMO
AIS
Figure 1-3
LOG
GPS1
GYRO
GPS2
WIND
Cable legend
1 LAN cable
2 Board cable
3 Wave guide
4 Koax cable
Double Radar System
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1.1.1.3
Chart Radar
The Chart Radar consists of a Single Radar and a Software extension called
Chart Overlay.
This software extension allows a combination of a sea chart and the current
Radar video.
The Chart Radar functionality is enabled via the soft button CHART.
1.1.1.4
Multifunction System
The Multifunction System contains beside the Radar application additional
applications like the electronic sea chart ECDIS and the information platform
Nautoconning or HD Conning.
The relevant application can be activated via a software switch (MFC switch) at
any time.
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OPERATING INSTRUCTION
This system should be used only by well-trained operator
2.1
Radar Operation
Four components are essential for operating the Synapsis Radar.
The operating structure corresponds to the IEC 60945 and IEC 61924-2
requirements.
Display
Remote Panel
Figure 2-1
Radar Operator Panel
Trackball
Radar components
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2.1.1
Display
The display is a high - resolution, TFT (Thin Film Transistor) flat screen, color
monitor. It shows Radar targets and data as well as a number of menus and
software buttons. The Radar system can be used with the display sizes of 19”,
23.1”, 26” and 27”.
2.1.2
Trackball
When using the trackball, the cursor is moved by rolling the ball in the
appropriate direction.
The trackball -guided cursor is the central control instrument for operating this
Radar.
Figure 2-2
Trackball
Pos. No.
Task
The left trackball button is used as the Enter key.
Using the trackball, place the cursor over a soft button from
the menu and press the button. The soft button function is
activated (chapter 0).
Using the trackball, place the cursor over a text line (e.g. SET,
DRIFT) or a toggle field with slider function. Press the left
trackball button until the slider symbol appears (yellow
rectangle) below the toggle field. Moving the trackball
horizontally will adjust the slider below the text line and a
value is displayed (chapter 2.1.4.1).
Using the trackball, place the cursor over a slider (e.g. GAIN)
press the left trackball button and move the trackball. The
colored slider will follow the trackball to the left or the right.
Pressing the left trackball button again the actual slider
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Task
position is activated.
This button has no function.
This button is used for Pick up and drag operations and for
deleting ARPA or AIS targets and is used for the MFC Switch,
opening the Context Menu.
Normally this button is used on the Radar video to pick up a
symbol (e.g. EBL/VRM) and drag the symbol to a new position
within the Radar video using the trackball.
Press the left trackball button to release the symbol.
Select a ARPA/AIS target;
Place the cursor over an ARPA target and press the right
button.
In this case a context menu appears for approx. 10s. With
pressing the right button again target is selected.
Delete a ARPA/AIS target;
Place the cursor over an ARPA target and press the right
button. In this case a context menu appears for approx. 10s.
Select “Delete Target (ID …) and press the right button.
This action is not possible when the AIS INFO display was
selected before or when you are working with the ARPA ZONE
functions or another FUNCtion sub menu.
MFC switch and Context Menu;
Call up the MFC Switch, place the cursor over the “Raytheon
Anschütz” field and press the right button.
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2.1.2.1
Cursor Symbols
Figure 2-3 illustrates the various cursor symbols that will be seen when using
the Radar display.
Symbols
Text identifier
DEFAULT CURSOR (outside the PPI)
DEFAULT CURSOR (inside the PPI)
ACQUIRE TARGET (inside the PPI, chapter 2.5.3.1)
OFFSET CURSOR (inside the PPI, chapter 2.3.3.3)
EBL CURSOR (Electronic Bearing Lines on the PPI, chapter
2.3.4.4),
Rotating
PI CURSOR (Parallel Index Line on the PPI, chapter 2.3.4.2).
VRM CURSOR (Variable Range Markers on the PPI chapter
2.3.4.4).
Moving
parallel
PI CURSOR (Parallel Index line on the PPI, chapter 2.3.4.2).
EBL / VRM CURSOR (Editing the group on the PPI chapter
2.3.4.6).
EBL / VRM CURSOR (for FLOATING the group on the PPI
chapter 2.3.4.5).
second cursor symbol (in orange) appears on the Radar video
if the Radar and the ECDIS are combined as a system
Figure 2-3
Cursor Symbols
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2.1.3
Radar Operator Panel
The Radar Operator Panel is designed to execute the most commonly used
functions.
Signaling:
Keys and Status indicators will illuminate when the relevant action is activated.
16
Figure 2-4
15
14
13
12
11
10
Radar Operator Panel
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Table 2-1
Radar Operator Panel
Pos. No.
Task
1/6
Status indicators, for showing the toggle switch (7) status in
combination with the knob (11 and 16) control function.
If Gain Sea (7) is selected knob (11) is used to adjust the Sea
control. Knob (16) is used to adjust the Gain control.
If EBL VRM (7) is selected knob (11) is used to adjust the
VRM control. Knob (16) is used to adjust the EBL control.
Radar Video display, press button to use Head up or North
up.
Head up means the ship’s bow is at the top of the bearing
scale.
North up means geographic north is at the top of the bearing
scale.
Radar Video display, press button to use Course up.
The PPI orientation is Course up (the course of the own ship
point upwards).
Anti - clutter filter ON/OFF, press the button.
In case of heavy clutter developing on the Radar Video, the
Radar computer creates a profile of the echo. Within this
profile, the received echoes are monitored for a certain period
(Scan--to--scan method). False echoes are suppressed on the
Radar Video. Real echoes are indicated on the Radar Video.
Hides the symbols on the Radar video.
Press the button and the artificial symbols will disappear.
Press again to show the symbols. Symbols are EBLs, VRMs,
PL, ARPA zones, MAPs.
6/1
Status indicators, press toggle switch (7). The activated
function is indicated. Use the knob (11) to adjust EBL. Use the
knob (16) to adjust VRM.
Toggle switch. Can be switched between upper position,
Gain / Sea and lower position, VRM / EBL. See status
indicators (1/6) and use knob (16) or knob (11).
Toggle switch. Range selection, switches the Radar ranges
up and down.
Alarm indicator (flashing) and alarm acknowledgment.
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Pos. No.
Task
10
Dimming the display and the active keys. Pressing a button
results in variation of brightness.
Color palette selection. The display color pallets can be
changed between 4 color presentations. Press both buttons for
selecting the requested display color pallet.
Knob, see 6/1.
Turn the knob slowly; the VRM range circle changes in 1̊
steps.
Turn the knob quickly; the VRM range circle changes in 10̊
steps.
11
12
Press button until the requested values are indicated. The
Trails Length indicator changes to the next higher mode.
The steps available are OFF, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, OFF, see TRAILS
toggle field in information panel
13
Press and hold the button. The Heading Line disappears
during this time.
14
Press button to change VECTOR LENGTH.
15
Center to reset your own ship to the right of the PPI or to
activate OFF Center.
16
Knob, see 1/6.
Turn the knob slowly; the EBL turns in 1̊ steps.
Turn the knob quickly; the EBL turns in 10̊ steps.
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2.1.4
Operator Controls on the Radar Display and Soft Button
2.1.4.1
Operator Controls on the Radar Display
To operate the Radar display, you need to use certain built-in operator controls.
Table 2-2
Operator Controls on the Radar Display
Operator controls
Text identifier
Soft Button.
The text on the soft button always describes the
currently mode status.
Example:
STBY means that the Radar is in Standby mode.
Clicking on the soft button changes the status in this
case to TX. TX means that the Radar is in the Transmit
mode.
A selected soft button is distinguished from a nonselected soft button by its thick contours.
Toggle fields.
The toggle field functionalities are activate up by
pressing the left trackball button or alternatively
(partially) using the buttons on the Operator Panel.
Toggle fields are used to increase or decrease values or
used to switch over to another mode e.g. N UP to H UP
or used to scroll through the alarm messages.
Toggle field with slider.
Position the cursor on the toggle field, press and hold the
left trackball button until the slider symbol appears
(scroll bar) below the toggle field.
The slider can be moved into the aimed direction using
the trackball.
In parallel, the numerical value above the slider changes.
Press the left button again to complete the setting or
wait for the time out.
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Operator controls
Text identifier
Text line with slider (used for SET and DRIFT values.
Position the cursor on the text line value field, press and
hold left trackball button until the slider symbol appears
(yellow rectangle) below the toggle field.
The slider can be moved into the aimed direction using
the trackball.
In parallel, the numerical value above the slider changes.
Press the left button again to complete the setting or
wait for the time out.
Sliders
Position the cursor on the slider for the requested
function (e.g. GAIN).
Press the left button, move the trackball.
The slider is moved to the right or the left, in response to
the trackball command (the tuning bar display will
automatically update the setting). The slider setting is
immediately effecting the Radar video.
Deselect the slider adjustment by pressing the left
button again or wait for the time out (10s), then the slider
adjustment will deselect automatically
Slider treated as transient values.
Transient values cease to be valid
after switching to STBY or switching
off the unit. When the unit is
switched on again, the sliders are
reset to their default values.
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Operator controls
Text identifier
Drag and drop.
Pick up:
Editing marks
Position the cursor on the zone and press the right
trackball button. The zone is shown in a dotted form,
editing markers are shown at the corners. Position the
cursor on the desired marker. Press and hold the right
trackball button. Drag the marker to the desired position.
Drop:
Press once the right trackball button. The change is
completed; the zone switches from dotted to continuous
form.
2.1.4.2
Soft Buttons
This chapter describes the main soft button functions.
Displays the active heading sensor, the color indicates
the sensor quality.
RED for invalid, ORANGE for doubtful, BLACK for good
(corresponding to IEC 62288 edition 1) or ORANGE for
invalid, YELLOW for doubtful, BLACK for good
(corresponding to IEC 62288 edition 2).
The BLACK color depends on the color palette selection.
Pressing the soft button the function display shows the
available heading sensors.
Displays the actual CCRS selection mode, Sensor Mode
AUTO for automatic sensor selection, Sensor Mode
MAN for manual sensor selection.
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Displays the active course sensor, the color indicates the
sensor quality. RED for invalid, ORANGE for doubtful,
BLACK for good (corresponding to IEC 62288 edition 1)
or ORANGE for invalid, YELLOW for doubtful, BLACK
for good (corresponding to IEC 62288 edition 2).
The BLACK color depends on the color palette selection.
Pressing the soft button the function display lists the
available course sensors.
Displays the actual speed sensor, the color indicates the
sensor quality. . RED for invalid, ORANGE for doubtful,
BLACK for good (corresponding to IEC 62288 edition 1)
or ORANGE for invalid, YELLOW for doubtful, BLACK
for good (corresponding to IEC 62288 edition 2).
The BLACK color depends on the color palette selection.
Pressing the soft button the function display displays the
available speed sensors.
Displays the active SET and DRIFT sensor (e.g. CCRS),
the color indicates the sensor quality. RED for invalid,
ORANGE for doubtful, BLACK for good (corresponding
to IEC 62288 edition 1) or ORANGE for invalid,
YELLOW for doubtful, BLACK for good (corresponding
to IEC 62288 edition 2).
The BLACK color depends on the color palette selection.
Pressing the soft button the function display displays the
available manual DRIFT and SET selection (MAN
MODE).
Displays the position sensor, the color indicates the
sensor quality. RED for invalid, ORANGE for doubtful,
BLACK for good (corresponding to IEC 62288 edition 1)
or ORANGE for invalid, YELLOW for doubtful, BLACK
for good (corresponding to IEC 62288 edition 2).
The BLACK color depends on the color palette selection.
Pressing the soft button the available position sensors
display on the function display.
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For the functions: TARGET MENU and ZONE
MANAGEMENT.
For current ARPA and AIS target information.
Provides additional Radar functions.
While the Radar is in STANDBY mode, the soft button
function FUNC changes to SERV (service mode). The
service mode is used to configure the Radar system.
For TRIAL manoeuvre. This feature allows the operator
to see the results of possible changes in their own speed
and/or course, without actually committing their own ship
to those changes.
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Special Radar function to display close range situations
(option). In this case the Radar program acquires the
target situations around the own position and calculates
potentially close range situations. This close range
situation is indicated by special collision areas enabling
the operator to judge the situation and seize appropriate
preventive measurements.
For current Automatic Identification System information.
AIS targets appear on the PPI.
While the Radar is in STANDBY mode, the soft button
function AIS changes to USER and allows to save USER
SETTINGS.
The USER soft button allows the user to choose
between following settings: USER 1 through USER 5 or
DEFAULT SETTINGS (chapter 2.3.7.6).
Special Radar function to display a chart underlay on the
PPI (chapter 2.8).
While the Radar is in STANDBY mode, pressing the soft
button function CHART changes to EXIT RADAR and
allows to exit the Radar application.
This soft button function allows the user to switch the
Radar mode between STANDBY or TX ((transmit)
(chapter 2.2.1)).
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2.1.5
Context Menu
A Context Menu is designed to operate with ARPA/AIS targets or with
EBL/VRM orientation lines. The Context Menu appears for 10s, and then the
operator can call up it again. A progress indicator beside the EXIT soft button
displays the time stream.
ARPA/AIS targets
The Context Menu can display up to 8 target options. A target option is
graduated in following operation steps:
For ARPA Targets
For AIS Targets
Select Target (ID …)
Set Target Label (ID ….)
Delete Target (ID ….)
Select AIS Target (ID ….)
Exit ……
Exit ……
Set AIS Target Active (ID ….)
Set AIS Target Sleeping (ID ….)
EBL/VRM
If possible, the EBL/VRM option is placed underneath the target options.
Pick EBL/VRM1
Pick VRM1
Pick PIL
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Table 2-3
Context Menu
Operator controls
Text identifier
Step 1 Select a target of interest via the
left trackball button, and then press the
right trackball button. The Context Menu
appears.
Step 2 Make a selection via the trackball
and press the right trackball button.
“Select Target (ID..)” means the target
was selected. The navigational
information are displayed in the Target
Info function menu.
“Set Target Label (ID..)” means the
operator wants to label this target.
In this case a soft button keyboard
appears in the function menu for editing
the label name.
The Target Label or the
new edit ID no. are not
displayed in the Target
Info function menu.
“Delete Target (ID …)”means, the
acquired target will be deleted.
“Set AIS Target Active (ID…)” and “Set
Target Sleeping (ID)” are only available
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•
if the AIS target is not inside the
activation range
•
if the AIS target was activated
because of an acquisition zone
•
or because of a CPA/TCPA o
guard zone violation.
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2.1.6
Global Settings and Displays in the INS System
Global settings and displays in the INS means that some operations will be
transferred to all MFC consoles. See following overview in this case the global
actions are labeled in this overview with (G):
Via the TARGET MENU (chapter 2.5)
TARGET OPTIONS
both info text entries (G)
DELETE ALL TGT actions (G)
REF TGT ON/OFF actions (G)
TRACKER OPTIONS (G)
AIS OPTIONS
LOST TARGET ALARM ON/OFF (G)
DEFAULT LABEL SHIP NAME (G)
ACTIVATE AT CPA/TCPA ON (G)
Info text entries (G)
ASSOCIATION SETTINGS (G)
ZONE MANAGEMENT (G)
Via the FUNCtion MENU (chapter 2.7)
BACKLIGHT MENU (G)
DIMMER MENU .. (G)
TEST ALERT ((constricted) (G))
SYSTEM CLEAR ((only Targets (G))
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2.1.7
MFC Switch
If a Multifunction Console (MFC) is used for Radar, ECDIS and Conning the
MFC Switcher allows the selection between these applications.
The MFC Switch is placed on the top right corner of the display.
After selection the MFC Switch changes to a column of small icons. The icon
buttons refers to special Tasks. These Task buttons allow direct access to
special ECDIS and Radar functions and CONNING pages.
Status indication:
Status color
Information
Green
The application is working correctly
White
The application does not work
yellow
The application is in the startup process
red
The application is disturbed
The context menu is used to control the applications for Radar, ECDIS and
Conning and the MFC processor.
Control
Information
Conning
Calling up the Feature
Radar
Calling up the Feature
ECDIS
Calling up the Feature
Feature
Information
BIP The application will be closed and restarted again
Service The application will be terminated directly
Close All
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All applications will be closed. The EggShell Utility
Selection window appears after some seconds.
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Table 2-4
MFC Switch
Operator controls
Text identifier
ECDIS application with e.g. a direct
link to
ECDIS task Route Planning
ECDIS task Route Monitoring
CONNING application with e.g. a
direct link to
Conning page NAVigation
Conning page STATus
Conning page CAMera
status indication
Radar application with e.g. a direct
link to
Radar task Collision Avoid
context menu
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2.1.8
Remote Panel USB Port
The Remote Panel with USB Port is a special unit used for Black Box Radar
equipment or in combination with a complete Bridge System.
The Remote Panel consists of a Radar Power ON pushbutton and a protected
USB port.
Figure 2-5
Remote Panel
Table 2-5
Remote Panel
Pos. No.
Task
Radar Power ON switch. Use the Utility Selections window to
switch OFF the System (chapter 2.2.2).
USB port with plastic protection plate.
The USB port is used to save or copy MAPS- or Route-Files
per USB stick.
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2.2
Set to Operation
The set to operation process will be finished after about 8 minutes. Then the
Radar works completely and is ready to scan the sea area.
2.2.1
Switch ON
Operator controls
Text identifier
At the Radar Console.
The Power button is positioned on the front of the
Radar Console, lower left side. Press the Power
Button to turn on the Radar.
At the Remote Panel.
Press the Power Button to turn on the Radar.
The Utility Selection window appears on the display
(Figure 2-7). Select the RADAR soft button or the
MFC soft button by pressing the left trackball button
to start the Radar software.
Warm Up
After about 180 seconds, the message STANDBY
appears on the center of the display.
The system configuration diagram appears on the
center of the display area (Figure 2-6). The display is
automatically connected as slave display.
Select the requested transceiver/display combination
per cursor. Place the cursor at the M or S transceiver
symbol and press the left trackball button.
The STANDBY message changes to WARM UP.
After a 180 seconds (for X or S Band) the warm up
period is complete and the WARM UP message
changes back to STANDBY.
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Operator controls
Text identifier
Radar is in STANDBY mode.
The Radar beeps when the Radar software detects
an internal or external malfunction; a simultaneous
alarm message is displayed.
Acknowledging the alarm message switches off the
acoustic signal. The alarm message is hidden, but it
can be called up again.
Radar in STANDBY is meaning:
The transceiver is not transmitting. The antenna is
not rotating.
No Radar video on the PPI, STANDBY. Service and
setup menu accessible.
The operating temperature is maintained by the
magnetron.
Switching the Radar from standby mode to transmit
mode.
The user can start the Radar with the saved setting
from the previous operation or choose default
settings (chapter 2.3.7.6).
Using the trackball, place the cursor on the STBY
soft button and press the left trackball button. The
name of the soft button changes to TX and is
highlighted.
After 1 or 2 scans the Radar video displayed on the
PPI area. All settings for optimization the system can
be made by using the toggle fields and soft buttons
that are constantly available.
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Operator controls
Text identifier
Radar Transceiver Status.
Example;
This Radar is connected to Transceiver XCVR2.
This Radar is used as X-BAND Radar.
This Radar is used as MASTER under X-BAND
condition.
2.2.1.1
System Configuration Diagram
The system configuration diagram displays the actual setup and can be used to
connect the own Display (A, B, C..) to any Transceiver (1 MK2, 2 MK2 …..) as
Master or Slave. The connection will be realized per link.
A line symbol between the display and the transceiver shows the link.
A dashed line indicates a connection link in progress.
A continuous line indicates an active link.
The operator can choose between the application Display (A, B, ... ) in Master
mode or Slave mode. The Transceiver symbols are equipped with two
connection points.
M for Master mode
S for Slave mode
Within a Radar system each Transceiver can only be controlled by one display
in Master mode at the same time. The other display can control the transceiver
in Slave Mode only.
Master control.
When M is selected, the transceiver will respond if no other display is already
Master.
Master control allows Pulse length Control, PMU operation, and Sector
Blanking Control.
Transceiver Warm Up time may appear, the total POWER ON time of the
scanner, and MAG SEND TIME.
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MAG SEND TIME displays the time of transmission (in hours) for this
Magnetron since last exchange.
Slave control.
Slave operation allows the operator to monitor the Radar while it is controlled
from another position. Gain and Sea controls are available on the slave in order
to produce a clear display, but the pulse length is set by the master.
For example, it is possible to set the range of the slave display to 24 NM while
the received picture is still operating from the Master in Short Pulse. Therefore,
Slave operation is not preferred. The picture may appear weak on some long
ranges, or have a rough resolution at short ranges because of the Master
display settings.
Frequency range.
The X-Band antennas (3cm wave length) have a frequency range of 9.41GHz
+/- 30MHz.
The S-Band antennas (10cm wave length) have a frequency range of 3.05GHz
+/- 30MHz.
Figure 2-6
Radar in STANDBY mode – System configuration diagram –
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Pos. No.
Task
Operating hours counter.
M for Master configuration.
S for Slave configuration.
Radar display assignment.
Transceiver number, name and type.
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2.2.2
Switch OFF
The following procedure should be used to switch off the Radar system.
Table 2-6
Switch OFF
Operator controls
Text identifier
Switching the Radar OFF.
Use the trackball to place the cursor on the TX soft
button and press the left trackball button.
The designation of the soft button changes to STBY
and is highlighted.
When the Display was used in Master mode.
−
−
−
−
−
Radar echo disappears.
The antenna stops, no transmission.
The name of the soft button FUNC changes
to SERV (Service).
The soft button USER shows up.
The soft button EXIT RADAR shows up.
When the display was used in Slave mode.
−
−
Radar echo disappears
The name of the soft button FUNC changes
to SERV (Service).
− The soft button USER appears.
− The soft button EXIT RADAR appears.
Select the EXIT RADAR soft button for opening the
Utility Selections (Figure 2-7). Depending on system
configuration following types of utility selector are
available.
Select Operator System Shutdown on the Utility
Selections window.
Press and hold the power button for approx. 4 s.
The Radar is now powered off.
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Figure 2-7
Radar Utility selector
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2.2.3
System Reset
A WDT (watchdog timer) is a hardware mechanism resetting the system when
the operating system or application is halted. A typical usage of WDT is to start
the timers and periodically reset the timer, and when timer is expired, the
system resets.
When a system reset is carried out, only the Radar software is re- initialized;
the transceiver remains active.
The display turns dark briefly and the system is re- initialized. The Radar
display appears with the following basic settings.
After any restart, the Radar display unit makes certain basic settings.
These include:
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
2.2.4
TUNE in AUTO mode
GAIN in center position
SEA
in 0 position
RAIN
in 0 position
FTC
in 0 position
DIMMER
in max. position
Range
in 6 NM
Vector
at 6.0 min
Monitor Status Indicator
The Radar monitor is equipped with a status LED. The status LED is located in
the lower right on the front of the monitor (Figure 2-8).
The status LED indicates that the monitor is operating.
1*) it depends on the
console type which LED is
incorporated
1Status LED*)
Figure 2-8
Monitor status LED
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Depending on status the status LED can have the following colors:
GREEN
indicates monitor operating voltage is OK and the video signal
transfer between monitor and processor is OK.
RED
indicates monitor operating voltage is OK but the video signal
transfer between monitor and processor is disturbed.
No color
indicates that no operating voltage is applied.
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2.3
Display Organization and Submenu Structure
This chapter describes the function sections of the Radar display (Figure 2-9).
Antenna sensitivity
controls, chapter 2.3.1
Radar compass rose
with NORTH MARKER
Information Panel
chapter 2.3.7
Radar video displays
, chapter 2.3.2.
NAV elements chapter
2.3.4.
Cursor readout,
chapter 2.3.6.
Video information per
Cursor, chapter 2.3.5.
Navigation Tools,
chapter .2.3.4.4
SHM, chapter 2.3.2.1
Figure 2-9
Display organization
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Intentionally left blank
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Display
Submenus
Figure 2-10
Display and submenus organization
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chapter 2.5.1
chapter 2.5.2
chapter 2.5.4
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chapter 2.5.3
chapter 2.5.5
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chapter 2.6.1.
Figure 2-11
Display and organization of AIS INFO and ARPA MENUs
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chapter 2.6.2.
chapter 2.6.3.
Chapter 2.6.4.
Figure 2-12
Display of ARPA submenus and selected functions
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chapter 2.7.1.
chapter 2.7.2.
chapter 2.7.5.
chapter 2.7.3.
Figure 2-13
chapter 2.7.4.
chapter 2.7.6
Display of FUNCtion submenus and selected functions (part 1)
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chapter2.7.7.
chapter 2.7.10.
Figure 2-14
chapter 2.7.8.
chapter 2.7.9
chapter 2.7.11
Display of FUNCtion submenus and selected functions (part 2)
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chapter 2.3.4.1
chapter 2.3.4.1.(1)
chapter 2.3.4.1.(4)
Figure 2-15
chapter 2.3.4.1.(2)
chapter 2.3.4.1.(5)
chapter 2.3.4.1.(3)
chapter 2.3.4.1.(6)
Display of navigational submenus and selected functions (part 1)
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chapter 2.3.4.2.
Figure 2-16
chapter 2.3.4.4
Display of navigational submenus and selected functions (part 2)
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2.3.1
Sensitivity Controls
This Radar is an aid to navigation. Its accuracy can be
affected by many factors such as equipment defect,
environmental conditions, or improper operation. It is the
user’s responsibility to exercise common prudence and
navigational judgment at all times.
The sensitivity controls describe all adjustments to find the best video
performance.
The video performance depends from the current weather conditions, Radar
sensitivity adjustments, magnetron performance, pedestal and array conditions
and transfer line conditions (coax cable and wave guide).
Radar in Slave mode:
If the Radar is working in slave mode the sensitivity controls AUTO Tune and
Pulse width selection are not possible.
2.3.1.1
Gain and Clutter Processing
The Radar uses a digital video processing technique called Scan to Scan
integration or field processing. This process requires 3 complete antenna
rotations or scans of the antenna in order to build up or decay detected targets.
To the operator, this means that when a target is first detected, it appears dim.
If, on the next scan, it is still present at the same location, it appears at medium
brightness and on the third scan, it appears at full brightness. As long as the
target is present, it will appear at full brightness.
If the target fades in and out, then it will remain on the screen, dropping from
full brightness to medium and back to full brightness.
If the target is lost altogether, then it will take three scans before it completely
disappears.
It is essential to understand that this 3 scan integration is crucial for operation of
the Gain, Sea and Rain clutter controls, because if an adjustment is made to
any of these controls, it requires 3 complete scans to properly observe the
results of the adjustment. The same applies if a Radar target is used as a
tuning indicator when manually tuning the Radar.
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2.3.1.2
Tune
MANual TUNE
The tune function uses the trackball to control tuning of the receiver frequency
to match that of the transmitter.
Recommendation before using the tuning control.
To improve a good target reception and a minimal clutter effect we advise to
switch the pulse width selection to medium pulse (M2) or to long pulse (LP).
Operator controls
Task
For a preliminary manual setting:
Switch first to manual tune by clicking on the AUTO
soft button.
Use the trackball to place the cursor on the TUNE
slider then press the left trackball button.
Rotate the trackball for maximum deflection of the
slider.
As this setting must be averaged over a complete
antenna revolution, a peak detector is included for
operator convenience.
The tip of the tuning bar remains at the peak signal
detected during one complete revolution of the
antenna.
Bear in mind the fact that the transmitter frequency will drift
for the first thirty (30) minutes of operation from a cold start
due to inherent magnetron characteristics. As a result of
this, the receiver tuning will change during this time and a
final tuning adjustment should be made after approximately
thirty (30) minutes of operation. The tuning should also be
checked at every four hours thereafter.
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AUTO TUNE (only available in Master mode)
When auto tuning is activated, manual tuning is not available. The slider symbol
is hidden.
With automatic receiver adjustment, the tendency indicator
adjusts itself to the maximum value.
If the magnetron is at the end of its service life and the
transmission spectrum has become abnormal, select
manual tuning.
2.3.1.3
Gain
The GAIN control adjusts the sensitivity of the Radar video. If properly adjusted,
the GAIN control results in noise appearing as a light speckle at the dim level.
This light speckle setting results in maximum detectability of targets against
background noise. If GAIN is set too low, weak or distant targets could be
missed. Excessive gain increases background noise and could make target
detection more difficult. A gain slider is provided to indicate the GAIN control
setting.
Once the GAIN control has been set, it will automatically maintain the same
setting for all ranges. It is not necessary to readjust whenever a new range
scale is selected. However, it should be adjusted to optimize the Radar video
as clutter (sea and/or rain) conditions change.
The gain control function is active over its entire rotation range.
Operator controls
Task
Use the trackball to place the cursor on the GAIN
slider then press the left trackball button.
Rotate the trackball to adjust the optimal GAIN
value.
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2.3.1.4
Sea
The Sea control is used to suppress Radar returns which are the result of
Radar signals reflected from waves. This effect is commonly known as sea
clutter.
The effects of sea clutter are greater (more reflected energy) at close range and
vary with wave height and wind. It should also be noted that sea clutter is
reduced on the leeward side of the ship as the retreating wave fronts do not
provide as many Radar returns as oncoming waves.
Small targets (buoys, etc.) often return nearly the same energy as do the waves
and can, therefore, be lost in the clutter. However, since sea clutter is random
in nature, the gain and clutter processing circuitry together with the SEA control
allow the operator to reduce the sea returns to a light background speckle at
low brightness level while maintaining targets in the sea clutter at full
brightness.
The effect of the Sea control is greatest at short range. Its effect reduces
progressively as the range increases. At a range determined by the height of
the Radar antenna above the water (and other factors), the effect of the SEA
control ceases altogether. This is typically about 8- 10 NM.
The ideal sea control setting will reduce sea returns to a light speckle. Scan- toscan integration will keep the sea returns at a low brightness level, while targets
in the sea clutter will be shown at full brightness.
The sea clutter control should be adjusted in small increments, with pauses to
observe 3 scans for the results.
In heavy sea clutter, some clutter peaks may come through at brighter levels,
especially rollers, so an average setting should be chosen. It is important to
note that if the Sea Clutter control is adjusted to completely remove all clutter,
then some targets may not be detected.
The Radar uses gyro and speed information as part of the
clutter removal process. It is therefore highly recommended
that you use gyro stabilization and ensure that the manual
speed or speed log input is accurate.
In heavy wind driven seas where more sea clutter appears on the windward
side of the ship, a slight amount of FTC can balance the clutter (chapter
2.3.1.7) before adjusting the SEA control. If too much SEA is applied during
periods of light clutter, then a band of noise could appear on the edges of the
sea clutter.
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Operator controls
Task
Use the trackball to place the cursor on the SEA
slider then press the left trackball button.
Rotate the trackball to adjust the optimal SEA clutter
value.
2.3.1.5
Rain Rate
The function of the RAIN control is to enable the operator to suppress Radar
returns which are the result of Radar signals reflected from rain drops.
This effect is commonly known as rain clutter. As with sea clutter, the rain
clutter tends to mask small targets (or large targets if the rain is intense).
When heavy rain is falling in the vicinity of the operator’s ship (up to 6- 10 NM)
and the resulting rain clutter is obscuring nearby targets, then the rain rate
slider should be used. Advance the rain rate control slightly and observe the
results (wait 3 scans).
The ultimate goal is to reduce the nearby rain clutter until it is a very light
speckle at the dim level. This setting will reduce the rain returns and will have
little effect on strong constant target video returns. Weaker targets (usually
appear where rain returns are less intense) may be suppressed along with the
rain.
Most of these weaker targets can be restored by making a FTC adjustment
(chapter 2.3.1.7).
Operator controls
Task
Use the trackball to place the cursor on the RAIN
slider then press the left trackball button.
Rotate the trackball to adjust the optimal RAIN
clutter value
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2.3.1.6
Automatic Clutter Reduction
When AUTO is activated FTC are hidden.
This AUTO mode describes a control algorithm, which uses the evaluation of
echoes to calculate statistical average values for SEA and RAIN. These
average values are used for optimization of the Radar video.
Adjust the GAIN slider to control the sensitivity of the Radar.
Operator controls
Task
Switch over to AUTOmatic clutter reduction.
Use the trackball to place the cursor on the GAIN
slider then press the left trackball button.
Rotate the trackball to adjust the sensitivity of the
Radar.
Use of AUTO simplifies Radar video optimization. However,
depending on the weather conditions misinterpretations are
possible.
The algorithms for Automatic Sea Clutter suppression
(AUTO) have been developed based on data recorded on
several sea trials. As this functionality has been optimized
applying it to these scenarios sea states and environmental
conditions might be encountered where these anti- clutter
algorithms do not result in a Radar video presentation
satisfying the expectations of the user.
If you find yourself in a situation where the Radar
presentation does not correspond to the information you
receive from other equipment or your own observations it is
highly recommended to switch to manual sea clutter
suppression to achieve the optimum presentation of the sea
area.
It will be highly appreciated if you will inform Raytheon
Anschuetz in case of such an experience so that
appropriate measures could be taken to improve the
automatic sea clutter suppression function.
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2.3.1.7
Filtering Rain Clouds FTC
FTC is responsible for differentiation or removing the mean clutter level of rain
clouds. Adjusting the FTC will also reduce the land echoes and thin out larger
targets in range.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Select FTC
Advance the FTC control slowly (remember the 3
scans) until only the leading edges of the rain clutter
are visible. As the FTC is increased, weaker returns
will reappear.
Stronger returns will begin to reduce in the visible
area.
Too much FTC will shorten or delete RACON
responses.
Step 2 For fine adjustment use the RAIN slider
The best setting will be a balance between
restoration of weaker returns and adequate size of
the stronger returns.
Noising effect by maximum GAIN control
With FTC ON a false noise ring may be displayed.
This effect can be compensating by reducing the
GAIN control.
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2.3.1.8
Search and Rescue Transponder SART ON/OFF
The SART functionality is only working for X-band.
Operator controls
Task
The SART ON/OFF does not activate the ship’s
SART facility. It changes receiver bandwidth to
improve SART detection by this Radar.
Information about the SART transponder
The purpose of the SART is to trigger a secondary alarm when search and
rescue units are searching for a life raft/lifeboat in distress. The SART will help
the units to pinpoint exactly where the distressed boats are located in a large
area. This is done with the help of the Radar on the search ship or helicopter.
When the SART is interrogated (hit) by a Radar signal, it will immediately start
to transmit a number of sweeps covering the complete maritime 3 cm Radars.
These sweeps are detected on the Radar screen and used to navigate directly
towards the distressed life raft. The maximum detectable distance to a ship will
normally be about 10 NM or approximately 30 NM to a helicopter, depending on
the helicopter’s altitude. The transponder will not give any alarms further away
than this.
How is this situation displayed on the Radar?
This situation appears automatically on the Radar video. The echo display on
the Radar video depends on the distance of the transponder from your own
ship and can be interpreted as follows.
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The SART transponderis in immediate vicinity.
Figure 2-17
SART transponder < 0,2NM
The SART transponder is in vicinity
Figure 2-18
SART transponder ~1NM
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The SART transponder is a long distance away.
Figure 2-19
SART transponder > 2NM
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2.3.1.9
Pulse Width Selection (only available in Master mode)
The pulse width toggle field allows selection of the desired transmitter pulse
width for the current range scale selected. If there is no pulse width toggle field,
this indicates that it is not available for the range currently being used.
Operator controls
Task
Selecting this toggle field allows the pulse length to
be switched e.g. from short pulse to medium pulse
and vice versa to optimize target discrimination with
respect to the selected range.
Use of a longer pulse improves target reception but, at the
same time, increases clutter returns.
When using longer pulses it may be difficult to differentiate
very close targets.
When a shorter pulse is used, reception of some weaker
targets will decrease, but clutter will also decrease,
resulting in better target detection.
The available pulse width selections for the Radar displays and the Radar
MTRs are illustrated in Table 2-7.
Table 2-7
Pulse width selection on dependency the current range scale
Selected Range
Scale in NM
0.125
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.5
Default Pulse width
Manual Set Pulse width
SP
M1
SP
M1
SP
M1
SP
M1
SP
M1
M2
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Selected Range
Scale in NM
3.0
Default Pulse width
M1
Manual Set Pulse width
M2
SP
6.0
M2
M1
LP
12.0
M2
M1.
LP.
24.0
48.0
96.0
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LP
M2
LP
M2
LP
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MASTER configuration
If the display is configured as the master, the available pulse width selections
are illustrated in Figure 2-20.
The pulse width toggle fields have no effect if the display is configured as a
slave display; they cannot be selected.
25 Kw and 30 Kw transceiver 8 and
12ft antenna
SP
M1
Figure 2-20
SHORT pulse = 0.06μs
MED1 pulse = 0.25μs
M2
MED2 pulse = 0.5μs
LP
LONG pulse = 1.0μs
Radar pulse width
Information
A longer pulse width means;
More power, stronger target returns, but also more disturbances.
Long pulses are necessary at high ranges to detect small targets more
effectively.
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2.3.1.10
Interference Selection IR ON/OFF
Interference rejection is activated to eliminate echo effects caused by other
Radar system from ships nearby.
Operator controls
Task
The interference toggle field allows selection of the
function interference ON or OFF.
2.3.1.11
Echo Expansion EXP. ON/OFF
By selecting this toggle field, echo expansion is activated to magnify small
Radar echoes.
Operator controls
Task
The EXP toggle field allows selection of the function
echo expansion ON or OFF.
The target echo got an additional digital symbol. The
symbol is directly placed behind the target.
Target echo with
EXP.OFF selection
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Target echo with
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2.3.2
Radar Video Displays
2.3.2.1
Ship Heading Marker
It is possible to switch OFF the ship heading marker to view a target that is
obscured by the heading line.
The ships heading marker can be switched OFF using the Operator Panel or by
using a soft button.
Operator controls
Task
At the Operator Panel.
After pressing the button the heading marker is
turned OFF.
After releasing the button the heading marker is
turned ON.
At the Radar display.
After pressing the soft button the heading marker is
turned OFF.
After releasing the soft button the heading marker is
turned ON.
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2.3.2.2
Relative Motion or True Motion
The RM (R), RM (T), TM (R), TM (T), legend in the upper left of the display
shows the current mode for Radar video presentation.
Operator controls
Task
Position the cursor on the toggle field and press the
trackball button to select the preferred motion.
The preferred motion is linked with the TRAILS
character.
General
If Relative Motion is selected, your own ship is stationary and all other objects,
including land mass, buoys, ships at anchor and ships in motion, move with the
correct relative speed and course.
In this case Relative Motion provides two special settings linked to the TRAILS
toggle field (chapter 2.3.7.2).
The following figures show the differences on the Radar video.
Relative Motion
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RM (R)
for relative motion and relative trails
RM (T)
for relative motion and true trails
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Relative Motion without TRAILS
If no trails are activated, the RM (R) and RM (T) are identical.
Operator controls
Figure 2-21
Task
Relative Motion without TRAILS
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Relative Motion (R) with relative TRAILS
A ship in motion at the same speed and heading (e.g. shipping lane) is
displayed with no afterglow on the Radar video.
Relative trails is the original Radar method to view plot history to quickly see
what is approaching the ship. In Figure 2-22 the other ships are all heading
west (ARPA data). Relative Trails information is an option for experienced
Radar operators.
Operator controls
Figure 2-22
Task
Relative Motion (R) with relative TRAIL
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Relative Motion (T) with true TRAILS
In this case, land masses, buoys, ships at anchor, etc. appear exactly as they
are, as stationary objects. Objects in motion move across the Radar video with
the correct true speed and course. The trail afterglow displays the track. The
own ships position is fixed.
Operator controls
Figure 2-23
Task
Relative Motion (T) with true TRAILS
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TRUE MOTION
If True Motion
is selected, land masses, buoys, ships at anchor, etc. appear exactly as they
are, as stationary objects, while objects in motion, including your own ship,
move across the operating screen with the correct true speed and course.
True Motion mode is available in N- UP or C- UP mode for all ranges except for
96NM. If the range moves above 96NM, the location of your own ship is
centered.
In this case True Motion provides two special settings linked to the TRAILS
toggle field (chapter 2.3.7.2).
The following figures show the differences on the Radar video.
True Motion
TM (R)
for true motion and relative trails
TM (T)
for true motion and true trails
True Motion without TRAILS
If no trails are activated, the TM (R) and TM (T) are identical.
Operator controls
Task
Position the cursor on the toggle field and press the
trackball button to select the preferred motion.
The preferred motion is linked with the TRAILS
character.
Figure 2-24
True Motion without TRAILS
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True Motion (R) with relative TRAILS
A ship in motion in the same speed and heading (e.g. shipping lane) is
displayed without an afterglow on the Radar video.
Relative trails is the original Radar method to view plot history (also with EBL)
to quickly see what is approaching the ship. In Figure 2-25 the other ships are
all heading west (ARPA data). Relative Trails information is an option for
experienced Radar operators.
Operator controls
Figure 2-25
Task
True Motion (R) with relative TRAILS
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True Motion (T) with true TRAILS
In this case, land masses, buoys, ships at anchor, etc. appear exactly as they
are, as stationary objects. Objects in motion, including your own ship, move
across the Radar video with the correct true speed and course. The trail
afterglow displays the track.
Operator controls
Figure 2-26
Task
True Motion (T) with true TRAILS
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2.3.2.3
North UP, Head UP, Course UP and Repeater UP
This toggle field is used to select either North UP (N UP), Head UP stabilized
(H STB) or un stabilized (H UNSTAB), Course UP (C UP) or Repeater UP (R
UP) as the orientation of the PPI.
The N UP, H XX, C UP and R UP legend in the upper left of the display shows
the current orientation mode of the PPI, Radar rose and SHM display.
To change the display orientation, select a corresponding button at the
Operator Panel or by positioning the cursor on the toggle field at the Radar
display.
Operator controls
Task
At the Radar Display Rose.
The North Marker continues to mark geographic north on
the Radar rose (blue filled circle).
At the Operator Panel.
After pressing the preferred button (Hup/Nup, Crs Up) the
orientation of the PPI will be changed accordingly.
At the Radar Display.
After pressing the button (toggle switch) the preferred
orientation mode can be selected.
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2.3.2.3.(1)
North UP
North UP means that geographic north is upwards
- Stabilized operation Gyro information is required for the N UP operation. When the unit is switched
on, N UP is selected automatically. If the gyro is inoperative, an audible alarm
sounds and the alert GYRO OUT appears in the WARNING MESSAGES area.
When the gyro ceases operation, the ARPA functions are disabled and H UP
mode is automatically selected.
If N UP mode is selected, the value 000̊ represents compass North (Figure
2-27).
Visual impression
The Radar video is rotated to a northerly direction. North is at the top (000̊ ).
This effect is comparable with an ordinary sea chart on which North is at the
top. The SHM shows the ship’s correct compass heading.
Response to a change of course
The SHM rotates in line with the change of course. The Radar video remains
stationary.
Relative or true
The Radar video can be presented in Relative Motion (RM (..)) or True Motion
(TM(..)).
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Operator controls
Figure 2-27
2.3.2.3.(2)
Task
North UP in RM (R) or RM (T)
Head UP
Head UP means the heading line shows upwards to the heading marker. The
Head UP orientation can be used as Head UP stabilized or un stabilized.
Visual impression
Head UP corresponds to the line of vision “ship’s head up”.
Change of course
The Radar video rotates in line with the change of course. The SHM remains at
heading upwards ((relative) (000̊)).
Relative or true
The Radar video can only be presented in Relative Motion (RM (R)).
No Gyro compass
If the gyro compass heading is not available, the Radar will switch to
Head UP UNSTAB mode automatically.
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Head UP stabilized (STAB) or unstabilized (UNSTAB)
Operator controls
Task
Pre-conditions.
H UP is selected
RM (R) is selected.
Manual
The Head UP type is selectable by pressing the STAB
soft button. The soft button labeling indicates the Head
UP type.
The Head UP type STAB or UNSTAB effects the general
Radar operating functions see Table 2-8:
Automatic
If the gyro compass heading is not available, the Radar
will switch to Head UP UNSTAB mode automatically.
Table 2-8
Reduced Radar Functions
Radar Functions
Head UP
UNSTAB
The Radar video is not stabilized by the gyro
compass
Filter and True Trails are not possible
Navigational element, PIL is not possible. EBL only
relative to own ship
Radar bearings are relative bearings (lateral)
TRUE MOTION is not possible
ARPA function is not possible
TARGET INFO are not possible
AIS OPTIONS are not possible
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STAB
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Radar Functions
2.3.2.3.(3)
Head UP
UNSTAB
SENC function is not possible
CHART RADAR is not possible
SEA SCOUT is not possible
Radar Maps are not possible
Head UP
STAB
Course UP
Course UP means the course is upwards.
Visual impression
Course UP corresponds to the line of vision “in course direction”.
The SHM remains on course.
Change of course
The SHM indicates the change of course. The Radar video remains
unchanged.
Operator controls
Task
Switch button, Course UP corresponds to the line of
vision “in course direction”.
Relative or true
The Radar video can be presented in Relative Motion (RM (..)) or True Motion
(TM (..)).
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2.3.2.3.(4)
Repeater UP
Repeater Up means the repeater indicator is upwards
- Stabilized operation -
The Filter selection and the Trail selection are not possible
in the Repeater UP mode.
Repeater UP is a special feature of the Radar. In this display mode, the bearing
scale behaves like a compass rose where the ship heading marker (SHM) acts
as the lubber line.
Visual impression
Repeater UP corresponds to the line of vision “ship’s head up”.
Response to a change of course
The Radar video rotates in line with the change of course. The Radar rose
rotates in line with the change of course. SHM remains unchanged.
Relative or true
The Radar video can only be presented in Relative Motion (RM (..)).
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2.3.2.4
Reduced Video Display
In a special system combination between the Radar Transceiver built in place
(Antenna Offset) and the ships length the Radar Video displays in a reduced
form on the PPI. This effect can occur in a selected Range Area between
0,125NM and 1,5NM see Figure 2-28.
Increase the
Range Area
Transceiver
(Antenna Offset)
Ship Symbol
not visible area
Figure 2-28
Reduced Video Display
Corrective:
Increase the Range Area step by step if this reduced Video Display appears in
the Range Area, until the complete Radar Video displays on the PPI.
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2.3.3
Radar Video Settings
2.3.3.1
Range
Range (RNG) shows the selected range area in NM.
Operator controls
Task
At the Operator Panel
The Radar allows up to 11 range settings.
By pressing the “+” or “-“ button the selected range can
be adjusted from 0,125 NM to 96.0 NM according to the
step listed in Table 2-9.
At the Radar Display
By pressing the “+” or “-“ button the selected range can
be adjusted from 0,125 NM to 96.0 NM according to the
step listed in Table 2-9.
Table 2-9
Overview range and rings
Range RNG in NM
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Range ring distance in NM
Range rings RR
0.125
0.0625
0.25
0.125
0.5
0.25
0.75
0.25
1.5
0.25
3.0
0.5
6.0
1.0
12.0
2.0
24.0
4.0
48.0
8.0
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Range RNG in NM
Range ring distance in NM
96.0
2.3.3.2
16.0
Range rings RR
Range Rings
The spacing between the rings is defined by the selected range see Table 2-9.
The Range Rings toggle field is also used to turn range rings ON/OFF on the
PPI.
Operator controls
Task
This toggle field automatically shows the distance
between the rings in nautical miles. Activating the toggle
field displays the rings on the Radar video.
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2.3.3.3
Center
The switching over between Center and Off Center is only
possible in Relative Motion mode (RM (R) and RM (T)).
In True Motion mode the Radar video is to be shown
automatically in Off Center presentation. A center
presentation is not possible. In small ranges and with an
antenna offset the “at least 50% rule” is violated.
Operator controls
Task
Switch to Relative Motion (RM (R) and RM (T)).
At the Operator Panel
Press the Center button to place the own ship in the
center of the PPI (Figure 2-29). Pressing the Center
button again the button lights and the cursor symbol
changes. Place the cursor at a position within the
permitted range and press the left trackball button.
At the Radar Display
Selecting this toggle field changes the name to OFF
CENTer, the cursor jumps into the upper part of the
Radar video area and the cursor symbol changes. Or
place the cursor at a position within the permitted range
and press the left trackball button.
Press the OFF CENTer toggle field if the Radar video is
to be shown centered (Figure 2-29) or shall be moved
again.
Pressing CENter key is convenient to activate the OFF
CENter cursor and track ball to confirm the intended
position.
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CENTer position
OFF CENTer position
Approx. 50% of PPI radius (circle
shown for explanation only will
not be visible).
Figure 2-29
Video in CENter and in OFF CENter position
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2.3.3.4
Reset TM
RESET TM can only be used in combination with the True Motion TM (..)
preset.
Having selected TM, the Radar video is moved in the direction of travel i.e. in
course direction (Figure 2-29).
If the center of origin is displayed by a distance of half the PPI diameter, it is
reset in opposite course direction by 50% of the PPI diameter.
Operator controls
Task
Activating the toggle field resets the Radar video.
Depending on the situation, this allows a maximum
forward view on the Radar video.
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2.3.4
Navigational Elements MAP, PIL, EBL and VRM
Electronic bearing lines (EBL) and variable range markers (VRM) are tools
used to determine bearings and distances.
The readouts and navigational settings come up with default factory settings.
The default factory settings for the readouts are TRUE and for navigation
(ALIGNMENT) NORTH STABILIZED.
These factory default settings can be adapted to customer settings per service
tool.
Parallel index lines PIL are used to mark the limits of areas or channels. These
lines can be used to observe the advancing along an intended a course.
The following description subdivided this tools into three groups (Figure 2-30
and Figure 2-31).
Group 1
This soft button opens further Nav Element applications in the
Function Display;
MAP MENU
The MAPS function allows the operator to create and permanently
store maps.
PIL MENU
This menu is used to create and edit Parallel Index Lines (PIL 1/1).
EBL/VRM MENU
This menu is used to select the BASE POINT fixed position and the
ALIGNMENT stabilization mode from EBL/VRM1 and EBL/VRM2.
Furthermore this menu is used to create further EBL/VRM tools (3
and 4).
Group 2
EBL/VRM 1 for Electronic bearing line/ Variable range marker with CENTER or
FLOATING function. The EBL 1 numerical bearing value can be switched to
relative or true.
Group 3
EBL/VRM 2 for Electronic bearing line/ Variable range marker with CENTER or
FLOATING function. The EBL 2 numerical bearing value can be switched over
to relative or true situation.
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Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Figure 2-30
Navigational Elements EBL, VRM and PIL
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PIL1
EBL1/VRM1
CENT
EBL2/VRM2
FLOT
SHM
EBL2 base point
Figure 2-31
Radar video 2 EBL, 2 VRM and PIL navigational elements
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2.3.4.1
Select Map Menu
The MAPS function allows the operator to create and store maps.
MAPS are normally produced for the Radar video in use. For example, they can
be saved under the name of a sea area which corresponds to the Radar video
in use. If the ship enters this sea area again, the associated map can be
loaded.
A map is formed by adding true mark symbols, navigational lines, route lines
and index lines to the PPI at points selected by the operator or at areas of
interest. The symbols can be used to mark navigation channels, safety zones,
buoys or other points of interest.
Valid position information is required to create maps.
Position information is transferred from a position receiver
(e.g. GPS) to the Radar as of data telegram.
The MAP MENU cannot be called up without valid position
information.
A map can be made up of any combination of 100 TRUE MARKS, 250
NAV/ROUTE LINES and 50 INDEX LINES.
When a map is created, it is placed in temporary storage. It can then be saved
in permanent storage. Each map can be assigned with a label made up of 8
alpha numeric characters.
Operator controls
Task
After pressing the soft button the MAIN MAP MENU
appears in the functions display.
After pressing the soft button the MAP MENU appears in
the functions display. The MAP DETAILS gives an
overview about the workload.
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2.3.4.1.(1)
Map Menu - EDIT -
(1) CREATE MAP, TRUE MARK
TRUE MARK
True marks may be used to identify targets or points of interest. This function is
available in the RM (..), TM, N UP or C UP modes.
Once entered into the system, a true mark is treated as stationary object, being
true motion stabilized and fixed to the Radar map.
Operator controls
Task
Place a TRUE MARK on a desired target.
Step 1 Select the MAP MENU soft button the menu
appears in the functions display.
Step 2 Select the CREATE MAP soft button the menu
appears in the functions display.
Step 3 Select the TRUE MARK function.
Step 4 Position the cursor over the desired target and
press the left trackball button.
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Operator controls
Task
Editing a TRUE MARK
Step 1 Select the SELECT soft button for TRUE MARK.
Step 2 Select TRUE MARK symbol on the PPI using
trackball and press right trackball button. The color of
the symbol changes to ORANGE.
Step 3 Select the EDIT soft button. The cursor jumpes to
the TRUE MARK symbol. The EDIT TRUE MARK dialog
window appears in the function display.
Step 4 The MARK can now be repositioned using the
trackball. Pressing the left button drops the MARK.
Operator controls
Task
Deleting a TRUE MARK
Step 1 Select the SELECT soft button for TRUE MARK.
Step 2 Select TRUE MARK symbol on the PPI using
trackball and press right trackball button. The color of the
symbol changes to ORANGE.
Step 3 Select the DELETE soft button. The TRUE MARK
is deleted immediately.
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(2) CREATE MAP, NAV LINE (ROUTE LINE)
NAV LINE and ROUTE LINE
Navigation and route lines can be displayed on the PPI.
The navigation lines can be plotted on the PPI as polygons in solid and /or
dotted line form.
The route lines can be plotted on the PPI using the polygon in the same way as
navigation lines. The route polygon is marked with typical route points between
the polygon lines. The polygon lines will be drawn in broken line form.
The coordinates (LAT/LON) of the polygon connecting points can be shown on
the display (EDIT NAV LINE) using the cursor.
Navigation lines and route lines are stored as latitude and
longitude values of the connecting points. Ensure that
correct positioning information is available before creating a
new map.
Cursor returns to park position.
If using the cursor is interrupted for a longer period the cursor is returned to
park position.
The NAV LINE operation is canceled. The previous NAV LINE remains on the
PPI but switches to SET status (connecting points are not displayed). If the
NAV LINE is to be extended or changed, this can be done immediately by
selecting it again or by using the EDIT function.
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Operator controls
Task
Creating a NAV LINE (ROUTE LINE) overlay.
Step 1 Select the NAV LINE soft button (e.g. solid lines).
Step 2 Position the cursor and press the left trackball
button for the start drawing of the 1st line. Position the
cursor at the next point and press the left trackball button
again. Repeat this action until the complete NAV LINE is
shown on the PPI.
Pressing the right trackball button completes drawing of
the NAV LINE.
Operator controls
Task
Editing a NAV LINE (ROUTE LINE) overlay.
Editing a NAV LINE allows you to change existing
navigation lines. Either individual polygon points or the
entire MAP can be repositioned.
Step 1 Select the SELECT soft button for NAV LINE.
Step 2 Select NAV LINE overlay using trackball and press
right trackball button. The NAV LINE display changes and
all connecting points are shown. The EDIT function is
activated.
Step 3 Select the EDIT MARKER soft button The EDIT
NAV LINE dialog window appears in the function display.
Step 4 In this status, there are three editing options
possible:
Change the bearing of the NAV LINE by moving
one of the points. Select the point of interest using the
trackball and press the right trackball button. The current
cursor position is shown in the EDIT NAV LINE display.
Determine marker position and drop by pressing the left
trackball button.
Move NAV LINE or entire MAP in Radar video.
Position the cursor on a line in the MAP and press the
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Operator controls
Task
right trackball button. This position is shown in the EDIT
NAV LINE display. The entire MAP can now be moved as
required. Pressing the left trackball button drops the MAP
on the PPI.
ADD POINT
After pressing the ADD POINT soft button.
Position the cursor on a line in the MAP and press the
right trackball button. This position is shown in the EDIT
NAV LINE display. Determine marker position and drop by
pressing the left trackball button.
Operator controls
Task
Deleting a NAV LINE (ROUTE LINE) overlay.
Step 1 Select the SELECT soft button for NAV LINE.
Step 2 Select NAV LINE overlay using trackball and press
right trackball button. The NAV LINE display changes and
all points are shown. The EDIT function is activated.
Step 3 Select the DELETE soft button. The NAV LINE is
deleted immediately.
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(3) CREATE MAP, INDEX LINE
INDEX LINE
Map index lines are shown as relative lines on the PPI. Using a paper chart
they are planned before passing obstacles to maintain stand- off range. They
also used to prepare wheel-over points.
The index lines can be plotted on the Radar video using two points. Index lines
can either be shown as continuous or dotted.
The coordinates of the index lines are ship- specific (relative) and are shown in
( ̊ ) for the bearing and in (NM) for the distance in the EDIT INDEX LINE
display.
Operator controls
Task
Creating an INDEX LINE overlay.
Step 1 Select the INDEX LINE soft button (e.g. continuous
lines).
Step 2 Position the cursor and press the left trackball
button for the 1st point on the index line. Position the 2nd
point on the index line.
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Operator controls
Task
Editing an INDEX LINE overlay.
The index lines can be edited by shifting their index points.
Step 1 Select the SELECT soft button for INDEX LINE.
Step 2 Select INDEX LINE overlay using trackball and
press right trackball button. The INDEX LINE display
changes and both points are shown. The EDIT function is
activated.
Step 3 Select the EDIT MARKER soft button The EDIT
INDEX LINE dialog window appears in the function
display.
Step 4 Select the point of interest using the trackball and
press the right trackball button. The current position is
shown in the EDIT INDEX LINE (bearing and distance)
display. Determine the new position and drop by pressing
the left trackball button.
Operator controls
Task
Deleting an INDEX LINE overlay.
Step 1 Select the SELECT soft button for INDEX LINE.
Step 2 Select INDEX LINE overlay using trackball and
press right trackball button. The INDEX LINE display
changes and all points are shown. The EDIT function is
activated.
Step 3 Select the DELETE soft button. The INDEX LINE is
deleted immediately.
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2.3.4.1.(2)
Map Menu – Control –
CONTROL
The control menu allows the operator to correct the placement of a MAP.
This function can be used to realign NAV LINES, TRUE MARKS and INDEX
LINES on the PPI.
A position offset between a MAP and the current Radar
video can have various causes (position, gyro, map date).
The MAP MENU function CONTROL is only activated when
a MAP is loaded (chapter 2.3.4.1.(6)).
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Select the MAP MENU soft button.
Step 2 Select the CONTROL soft button.
Step 3 Select the ADJUST soft button. Depending on the
composition of the MAPs (TRUE points or INDEX points
or both) the individual operations are activated.
MOVE ALL TRUE Points
Allows a new positioning of TRUE MARKERS and TRUE
LINES. Pressing the soft button, the Cursor is positioned
at the PPI- center. The MAP is displayed at its current
geographical position. If the MAP is not visible, the range
has to be adjusted accordingly. The MAP can now freely
be moved on the Radar Video by means of the cursor and
adjusted related to reference points or lines (such as
buoys or coastlines). Pressing the left trackball button, the
MAP is placed on the Radar Video.
The new position is indicated as RADAR FIX coordinate
ΔLATITUDE and ΔLONGITUDE on the CONTROL MAP
display. Simultaneously, the alarm message FIX ACTIVE:
MAP LAT/LON is displayed at the window for ALARM
MESSAGES Pressing the CANCEL FIX soft button shows
the original position of the MAP on the Radar video.
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Operator controls
Task
MOVE ALL INDEX Points (relative)
Allows realignment of INDEX LINES, if the passage plan
has to be changed. On pressing the soft buttons, the
cursor is positioned into the PPI- center, the MAP shows
up on the PPI. Now the MAP can be freely moved on the
Radar Video. The current distance is indicated on the
ADJUST MAP display. Pressing the left trackball button,
the MAP is fixed at the new position on the PPI.
ROTATE INDEX Points (relative)
Allows realignment of the INDEX LINES. As Index Lines
are stabilized in azimuth but are fixed to own ship in
range.
Pressing the soft buttons, the MAP can be rotated/turned
in any direction.
Pressing the left trackball button, the MAP is fixed on the
intended position on the PPI.
Step 1 TRUE MARKERS, NAV LINES or INDEX LINES
can be shown or hidden as required.
Step 2 The current MAP is hidden on the Radar video.
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The RADAR FIX effect:
If a MAP has been created and does not fit the current Radar video a RADAR
FIX can be applied.
If a saved MAP does not fit the Radar video one or more of the following
causes may apply:
a) The TRUE MAP was created using points or lat/long information from a
paper chart not in WGS 84 datum.
b) The TRUE or INDEX MAP was created “live” from a Radar image on a
previous voyage while the gyro was faulty.
c) The TRUE or INDEX MAP was created “live” from a Radar image using
different gyros (for ships equipped with two gyros).
d) The gyro currently in use is faulty and requires service.
e) The position sensor is faulty.
Before using RADAR FIX, check the position sensor and
gyro data. Radar fix can only be of temporary assistance
(particularly in case).
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2.3.4.1.(3)
Map Menu – EXCHANGE –
EXCHANGE
This function allows MAPs created on the Radar to be imported and exported.
A USB stick can be used as a portable storage medium.
The USB port is located at the front of the Remote Panel or of the Console.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Select the MAP MENU soft button the menu
appears in the functions display.
Step 2 Select the EXCHANGE MAPS soft button the
menu appears in the functions display.
Step 3 Insert the USB stick into USB port.
Step 4 Press the REFRESH soft button; the processor
automatically detects the USB stick.
Step 5 Select the intended operation.
EXPORT – All MAPs retained in the Radar MAP memory
are transferred onto the USB stick.
IMPORT – All MAPs stored on the USB stick are
transferred to the Radar memory.
Step 6 Press the EJECT DEVICE soft button; the
processor automatically completes the operation.
To prevent possible data loss, ensure that the EJECT
DEVICE soft button is pressed before removing the USB
stick!
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2.3.4.1.(4)
Map Menu – SAVE -
SAVE
MAPS are created in the current PPI and can then be saved, for example under
the name of the sea area.
MAPS are saved based on the fixed LATITUDE and LONGITUDE coordinates.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Select the MAP MENU soft button the menu
appears in the functions display.
Step 2 Select the SAVE MAP soft button the menu
appears in the functions display.
Step 3 Enter a MAP name using the cursor and the soft
button keyboard (maximal 8 characters).
Pressing the SAVE soft button completes the operation.
To check if the procedure has been carried out correctly,
call up the MAP MENU - LOAD - (chapter 2.3.4.1.(6)). The
name of the saved MAP appears when you press button
LOCAL MAP in the MAP MENU – LOAD – or – DELETE –
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2.3.4.1.(5)
Map Menu – DELETE –
DELETE
Delete allows the operator to delete MAPS, which can be LOCAL or DISTANT
MAPS see also chapter 2.3.4.1.(6).
LOCAL MAP
Local MAPS are MAPS whose saved coordinates match the current sea area.
DISTANT MAP
Distant MAPS are MAPS created for a different sea area.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Select the MAP MENU soft button the main
appears in the functions display.
Step 2 Select the soft button DELETE MAP the menu
appears in the functions display.
Step 3 Select the MAP of interest. A toggle field allows the
operator to scroll through the list.
The first name in the list reflects the desired MAP name.
This MAP will be deleted after the operator acknowledged
the last system question with YES.
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2.3.4.1.(6)
Map Menu – LOAD –
LOAD
LOAD allows the operator to load a saved MAP. The Radar system uses the
saved LATITUDE / LONGITUDE coordinates to identify the correlation between
the MAP and the sea area currently displayed on the PPI.
This function supports two MAP categories.
LOCAL MAP
Local MAPS are MAPS whose saved coordinates match the current sea area.
DISTANT MAP
Distant MAPS are MAPS created for a different sea area.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Select the MAP MENU soft button the menu
appears in the functions display.
Step 2 Select the LOAD MAP soft button the menu
appears in the functions display.
Step 3 Select LOCAL MAP or DISTANT MAP.
Step 4 Select the MAP of interest. A toggle field allows the
operator to scroll through the list. The first name in the list
reflects the desired MAP name.
Step 5 Pressing the LOAD soft button the MAP shows up
on the PPI. If necessary, select another range scale to find
the LOCAL MAP on the PPI. Possible corrections can be
made using the MAP MENU function CONTROL (chapter
2.3.4.1.(2)).
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2.3.4.2
Parallel Index Line PIL
The PIL function depends on the heading signal. No
heading signal means no results in PIL function.
Parallel index lines PIL are used to mark the limits of areas or channels. These
lines can be used to observe the advancing along an intended course.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Select the PIL MENU soft button the menu
appears in the functions display.
Step 2 Select the SWITCH PIL soft button the menu
appears in the functions display.
Within the PIL selection it is possible to create up to 10
parallel index lines on the PPI. The PILs are labeled with
the corresponding number. Before creating a parallel
index line the operator can determine the stabilization type
via soft button (NORTH STABILIZED or OWNSHIP
STABILIZED).
Step 3 Select the stabilization type.
Step 4 Create a parallel index line by pressing PI1 soft
button (see Figure 2-32).
The PIL bearing can be switched to relative bearing value
or true bearing.
The current distance (DST) and bearing (BRG) are
adjustable by the slider function.
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Operator controls
Task
Parallel index lines can be clipped individually at their front
and back ends. After pressing the soft key (e.g. FRONT)
the index line is automatically reduced to1.000NM
(default).
This value is adjustable by the slider function.
SHOW ALL PIL
Displays all PILs on the PPI.
RESET ALL PIL
All PILs aligned to the ships heading marker (SHM)
direction.
DELETE ALL PIL
Deletes all PILs.
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After pressing the PI1 button a parallel index
line (1) appears.
Using the trackball the individual distance to
your own ship can be assigned.
Press the left trackball button.
Using the trackball the individual bearing to
your own ship can be assigned.
Press the left trackball button.
The parallel index line is finished.
Figure 2-32
Creating a parallel index line
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2.3.4.3
Deactivating the Parallel Index Line (PIL)
The parallel index lines can be deactivated via the PIL MENU or via the
FUNCTION button SYSTEM CLEAR (chapter 2.7.6).
Via the PIL MENU.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Select the PIL of interest by pressing the left or
right arrow button (e.g. PI2).
Step 2 Pressing the PI2 button the parallel index line
labeled with no. 2 will be deleted. In this case it is possible
to create a new parallel index line labeled with no. 2.
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2.3.4.4
EBL/VRM Menu
In the EBL/VRM menu the navigator has the possibility to create up to four
EBL/VRM graphics on the PPI. Before using the EBL/VRM the base point and
the alignment can be switched to POSITION FIXED, OWNSHIP FIXED or
NORTH STABILIZED.
In this case the EBL/VRM menu displays more nautical information in between
the EBL/VRM graphics.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Select the EBL/VRM MENU soft button the menu
appears in the functions display.
Step 2 Select the Base Point fixed position fixed for
EBL1/VRM1 and EBL2/VRM2.
Step 3 Select the stabilization mode for EBL1/VRM1 and
EBL2/VRM2.
Displays the nautical information about the EBL1/VRM1
and EBL2/VRM2 situation.
Step 4 More EBL/VRM allows to create more bearing lines
and range markers EBL3/VRM3 and EBL4/VRM4 (chapter
2.3.4.5).
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2.3.4.5
Enabling EBL/VRM FLOAT Using Cursor
Starting from your own position, the EBL is placed on a desired target, using
the cursor. The current coordinates can be displayed numerically to the right of
the toggle field ( ̊ ).
In this case the EBL/VRM 1 and 2 comes up with the default navigators settings
(factory settings for ALIGNMENT are NORTH STABILIZED and for BASE
POINT POSITION FIXED). It is possible to change these factory settings via
service tool for ALIGNMENT to OWNSHIP STABILIZED and for BASE POINT
to OWNSHIP FIXED.
In the EBL/VRM menu the navigator opportunities for EBL/VRM 3 and 4 can be
switched over between POSITION FIXED and OWNSHIP FIXED (BASE
POINT), OWNSHIP STABILIZED and NORTH STABILIZED (ALIGNMENT).
These settings have to be done before editing EBL/VRM 3 and 4.
The numerical display is normally displaying as true information when the
GYRO sensor is available. If the GYRO sensor is not available the numerical
display changes automatically to relative information.
T(rue)
shows the numerical bearing value to the target as a true
value(in relation to geographic north).
R(elative)
shows the numerical bearing to the target as a relative value
(relative to ship heading).
The variable range marker VRM is used to mark a particular range circle. The
center can be your own position or the EBL1 root point, for example. The
current radius is displayed to the right of the toggle field (NM).
Electronic bearing lines EBL and variable range markers VRM can be used
jointly as a group.
Identification of the EBL and VRM representation.
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Operator controls
Task
EBL1
VRM1
EBL2
VRM2
EBL3
VRM3
EBL4
VRM4
The dotted EBL is drawn from your own ship through the cursor symbol. Place
the cursor on a selected target and press the left trackball button. The dotted
VRM is extended from your own ship by moving the cursor symbol.
Use the cursor to move the bearing line and the range marker. Place the cursor
on the EBL and VRM. Press the right trackball button to pick up and drag the
EBL and VRM. Press the left trackball button to drop the EBL and VRM at the
desired position. FLOAT allows the EBL1 base point and the VRM1 origin to be
moved anywhere within the PPI as an EBL/VRM combination.
If the floating function is canceled, the point of origin of the
EBL/VRM is reset to the image center!
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2.3.4.6
Editing EBL and VRM
The EBL and/or VRM can be placed and changed using the cursor or the
Operator Panel.
When using the Operator Panel, you are restricted to the EBL1 and VRM1
group. The Radar provides 3 options for editing the EBL/VRM.
In the EBL/VRM menu the navigator options for EBL/VRM can be switched over
for the BASE POINT between POSITION FIXED and OWNSHIP FIXED, for the
ALIGNMENT between OWNSHIP STABILIZED and NORTH STABILIZED.
These settings have to be done before editing EBL/VRM.
Operator controls
Task
Cursor
In this example, the EBL1 is shown, starting from the
current position of the ship. Position the cursor on the
desired target and press the right trackball button. This
places EBL1.
Select the Offset toggle field (CENT/FLOAT) if EBL1 is to
be moved parallel. Pressing the left trackball button moves
EBL1 to the new position.
Bearing with Cursor
Place the cursor on EBL 1, press the right trackball button.
Find the desired target and press the left trackball button
(Figure 2-33).
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Operator controls
Task
Bearing / distance and toggle field with slider
Depending on the toggle field, the bearing (EBL) or the
distance (VRM) can be edited by moving the slider (Figure
2-34).
Bearing / distance with Operator Panel
This alternative method of operation allows the
EBL1/VRM1 function to be displayed or adjusted quickly.
Pressing the toggle switch releases the rotary knobs for
the operation.
Turn the knob slowly, the VRM/EBL changes/turns in 1̊
steps.
Turn the knob quickly, the VRM/EBL changes/turns in 10̊
steps.
The EBL and VRM status LEDs light up.
The EBL/VRM is always placed at your own position.
Parallel movement is not possible when using the
Operator Panel. Adjust the EBL/VRM rotary knobs to
change the bearing (EBL) or the variable range marker
(VRM).
The variable range marker is directly linked to the range
rings (RNG) and adapted accordingly on the display.
2.3.4.7
Deactivating EBL and VRM
The EBL/VRM displays can be hidden by selecting the toggle field again.
Position the cursor on the desired toggle field.
Press the left trackball button.
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Rotating EBL
Editing EBL and VRM
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FLOAT group moving
Figure 2-33
Navigating with bearing lines and variable range markers
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Example:
EBL/VRM 3 displayed OWNSHIP FIXED and NORTH STABILIZED FLOAT and
R mode used.
(T)*
1 EBL/VRM3
2 BRG *
3 DIST
SHM
Help Lines, only used for this example.
*)
In normal situation the system is stabilized (with
Heading) in this case the readout status for BRG
is always True.
In disturbed situation the system is unstabilized
(without Heading) in this case readout status for
BRG is always Relative.
Figure 2-34
EBL3 / VRM3 Example with Information
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2.3.5
Cursor Information
If the cursor is positioned within the PPI, the position data will be displayed in
the cursor information area. This data contains the cursor position (CURS
POS), bearing (BRG), distance (DST), estimated time of arrival (ETA) and time
to go (TTG) measured relative to your own ship.
Operator controls
Task
BRG ...
Bearing from own ship to the cursor. The numerical
display is normally displaying as true information when the
GYRO sensor is available. If the GYRO sensor is not
available the numerical display changes automatically to
relative information.
DST…
Distance information from own position to the cursor
position.
LAT…
Latitude cursor position.
LON…
Longitude cursor position.
If SHOW ETA + TTG is selected.
ETA…
Estimated time of arrival at cursor position if present
speed is maintained.
TTG…
Time to go from your own ship’s position to cursor
position.
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2.3.6
Cursor in Park Position
In this case the operator has the option to fade out the cursor symbol after
some time automatically or not.
Operator controls
Task
If the MOUSE PARK POSITION ON is selected the cursor
will automatically move outside PPI when the cursor is idle
for some time.
If the MOUSE PARK POSITION OFF is selected, the
cursor doesn’t move out the PPI.
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2.3.7
Information Panel
The Info Panel is structured as follows.
Display of own ships data
(chapter 2.3.7.1).
Sensor selection
controlled by CCRS
(chapter 2.3.7.1).
Display and selection of
VECTOR data and
HISTORY TRACK
information (chapter
2.3.7.2).
Display submenus when
using a SOFTBUTTON
or a TOGGLE FIELD
(chapter 2.3.7.4
Menu with soft button
(chapter 0).
Radar Operator Panel
(chapter 2.1.3).
FUNCTION /
SERV MENU
UTC (chapter 2.3.7.3)
USER MENU
AIS options (chapter
2.5.4.1).
Figure 2-35
CPA TCPA (chapter
2.5.2.1).
EXIT RADAR
Display for ALARM
MESSAGES (chapter
2.3.7.5).
TRANSCEIVER
TX / STANDBY
Radar Information Panel
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2.3.7.1
Display of Own Ships Data
The sensor characteristics will be checked and monitored by the Consistent
Common Reference System CCRS.
Consistent Common Reference System CCRS
The CCRS is an instance running in the background and constantly determining
the sensor quality and the sensor accuracy of the sensors (GYRO, GPS, LOG).
In this case the Radar system gets the best sensor information to perform a
safe target observation.
CCRS uses reaction and a sensor problem
If the sensor quality becomes reduced the CCRS switches over automatically to
the available sensor with better quality.
CCRS indications
The soft button color (GYRO, GPS, LOG and CCRS) is an indication for the
sensor performance. In this case the IEC 62288 distinguished into Version 1 or
Version 2.
If the Radar Software is used for IEC 62288 Version 1 following soft button
color displays the sensor performance:
BLACK indicates the best sensor quality (depending on the selected
color palette BLACK will be replaced by a better suited color).
ORANGE indicates a moderate sensor quality.
RED indicates an invalid sensor.
If the Radar Software is used for IEC 62288 Version 2 following soft button
color displays the sensor performance:
BLACK indicates the best sensor quality (depending on the selected
color palette BLACK will be replaced by a better suited color).
YELLOW indicates a moderate sensor quality.
ORANGE indicates an invalid sensor.
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In AUTO mode the own ships data will be monitored by
the Consistent Common Reference System (CCRS). The
CCRS determines sensor quality and accuracy (GYRO,
GPS, LOG and CCRS). The soft button color is a measure
for sensor performance.
RED for invalid, ORANGE for doubtful, BLACK for good
(corresponding to IEC 62288 edition 1) or ORANGE for
invalid, YELLOW for doubtful, BLACK for good
(corresponding to IEC 62288 edition 2).
Depending on the selected color palette BLACK will be
replaced by a better suited color.
In MANUAL mode the own ships sensors will be selected
by the user not by the CCRS.
HEADING (HDG). The type of sensor in use is indicated
on the selection button (e.g. GYRO2).
Select the GYRO2 soft button.
The Heading Sensor Select menu appears in the function
display, showing the available heading sensors.
In MAN mode the sensor can be selected by the user. If
no sensor is available a manual heading value can be
used.
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Course (COG). The type of sensor being in use indicated
on the button (e.g. LOG1).
Select the LOG1 soft button.
The Course Sensor Select menu appears in the function
display, showing the available course sensors in this
system.
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Speed (SPD). The type of sensor in use is indicated on
the button (e.g. LOG1(WT)). (WT for Water Track, BT for
Bottom Track).
Step 1 Select the LOG1(WT) soft button.
The Speed Selection Menu appears in the function
display.
Step 2 Press the SOG soft button.
The SOG Sensor Select menu appears in the function
display, showing the available speed sensors in this
system. Pressing the DISABLED soft button the
stabilization mode changes to LOG1(WT) the indication
changes to CTW and STW for sea stabilization.
In MAN mode the sensor can be selected by the user. If
no sensor is available a manual SOG value can be
entered.
To set MANUAL input, use the slider function inside the
numerical field.
Step 3 Select the STW soft button.
The STW Sensor Select window appears in the function
display, showing the available speed sensors in this
system. (The interfaced LOG sensor must be a DUAL
AXIS LOG sensor, a single axis log cannot detected the
effect leeway). Pressing the DISABLED soft button the
stabilization mode changed to LOG1(BT) the indication
changed to COG and SOG for ground stabilization.
In MAN mode the sensor can be selected by the user. If
no sensor is available a manual STW value can be used.
To set MANUAL input, use the slider function inside the
numeric indicator.
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Step 4 Select the SHOW HEAD WT or SHOW HEAD BT.
The VELOCITY VECTOR and stabilization indicator can
be used.
To SHOW or HIDE the own ship stabilization indicator
select a soft button. The Water Track (WT) indicator is
presented as a single arrowhead. The Bottom Track (BT)
indicator is presented as a double arrowhead.
CCRS (SET and DRIFT). These values are calculated by
CCRS.
Press the CCRS soft button.
The Set/Drift Sensor Select window appears in the
function display area. In MAN mode the values can be set
by the user.
To set MANUAL input, use the slider function inside the
numerical field.
SET indicates the drift angle in .̊
DRIFT indicates the drift speed in kn.
Position (POS). The type of sensor being used is indicated
on the button (e.g. GPS1 D).
Press the GPS1 soft button.
The Position Sensor Select window appears in the
function display area, showing the available position
sensors in this system.
In MAN mode the sensor can be selected by the user. If
no sensor is available a manual position value can be
entered.
To set MANUAL input, use the slider function inside the
numerical values and confirm with the SET button.
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2.3.7.2
Display and Selection of VECTOR and PAST POSITION Information
This information area allows the operator to select TRUE or RELATIVE
VECTORS. True vectors show true course and speed of the target and your
own ship. Relative vectors show the target’s relative motion compared to your
own ship. Your own ship does not have a relative vector. The vector length
displayed is determined by the selected time and indicates the distance to be
travelled at a given speed.
First of all, the desired targets need to be acquired on the Radar video (chapter
2.5.3.1).
Operator controls
Task
VECTOR (REL or TRU)
By selecting this function, you can define the vector time
of the acquired targets, defined by indicating the target
vector length derived from the target speed; this can be
continuously adjusted between 0.0 and 30.0 min.
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Relative (REL) vectors show the motion of targets relative
to your own ship. Extending the vectors allows you to
clarify any anticipated risk of collision. Any stationary
tracked target displays a vector opposite to your own
ship’s heading with a length equal to your own ship’s
speed.
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Absolute (TRU) vectors allow an overview of the overall
traffic situation (ships and navigation marks). Extending
the vectors allows you to clarify any anticipated risk of
collision. Tracked targets which are not moving do not
display a vector.
PAST POSITION
In addition to their symbol, all acquired targets can be
given a history track. With the PAST Position INTerval
function switched ON, a past position point is set at the
target symbol’s position (Figure 2-36). The time interval
between two past positions can be adjusted.
Possible PAST Position INTervals;
1/4min, 1/2min, 1min, 2min, 3min, 6min, 12min, 30min,
60min
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The PAST Position PERiod time selection permits the
observation time of the history track (length of the trail).
Possible PAST Position PERiods;
1/2min, 1min, 2min, 5min, 10min, 15min, 30min, 1hour,
2hours
Past positions indicate the last completed manoeuvre of the acquired targets. It is
possible to recognize between changes of course and changes of speed.
PAST Position PER
Last course change
High speed
Low speed
Target
Figure 2-36
Past position information
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TRAILS
With this function, all strong targets located in the
acquisition range are given an artificial afterglow. These
afterglows indicate the route traveled (length of artificial
afterglow) in a set time.
The Radar software distinguishes
between strong target echoes
(bright green color) and weak
target echoes (dark green target
color). Targets with a very weak
echo do not paint trails.
Trails are an ARPA independent function that permits an
assessment of the current situation in the display
acquisition range.
Trails can be displayed as RELATIVE or TRUE.
Target
2.3.7.3
Artificial
afterglo
UTC
The current UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) is the general time format used
for the Raytheon Anschütz INS system.
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2.3.7.4
Display of Submenus
This display shows a range of submenus.
The different menus are called up using the soft buttons in the menu bar and
the toggle fields.
Some submenus are equipped with soft buttons or toggle fields that can be
used to select further menus.
2.3.7.5
Display for Alarm
• When the Radar is part of in an Integrated Navigation System (INS).
The Alert Management System receives all Alarm, Warning and Caution
Messages from the connected equipment and distributes them to the alarm
displays of the different INS tasks.
The messages from the Alert Management System are displayed in different
colors according to Alert type;
Alarm messages in RED
Warning messages in ORANGE
Cautions in GRAY
The SYNAPSIS Conning application displays all alerts on the information pages
CAM (Central Alert Management) and ALERT HISTRORY.
•
General Information
This chapter describes only Radar specific Alarm Messages which can be
acknowledged at the Radar application only.
Alarms are presented at an alarm message display until their reason no longer
exists and the operator has acknowledged them.
Alerts provide the operator with an indication of dangerous situations or sensor
failure.
Alerts are released when there is a situation that is critical to safety.
Alerts must be acknowledged, and will only be removed from the alert list when
the reason no longer exists.
LOST ARPA TARGET alarms cannot be deactivated.
Alert messages are displayed in the alarm readout displays of individual
applications.
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Alert messages are numbered according to their occurrence.
Alert messages are provided with the date and time of their occurrence.
The alert readout display can be browsed with scroll buttons.
You can move up and down the alarm message list by pressing the up and
down buttons next to the alarm readout display.
In RED color.
Indicates number
with alarm message,
date and time.
Scroll soft button for
scrolling up and
down the Alarm
Messages.
The possible cause
readout displays in
black color.
Soft button for
acknowledging the
Alarm Messages
Figure 2-37
Display for alarm messages
As Alarms are received, they are displayed in the chronological order in which
they occurred.
When an alarm is received it will be placed at the top of the list. A new alarm
will be shown as RED text on a WHITE flashing background.
Alarms that have been acknowledged will be shown as RED text preceded by a
number, as well as date and time.
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Sum-Alarm and Sum-Warning Message
In contrast to the common alarms the ARPA- and the AIS Alarm or Warning
massages are combined in six groups:
-- Lost Target Warning AIS
-- Lost Target Warning ARPA
-- TCPA/CPA Alarm AIS
-- TCPA/CPA Alarm ARPA
-- Guard Zone Alarm AIS
-- Guard Zone Alarm ARPA
The purpose of the sum-alarms or warnings is to minimize the number of alarm
messages in the alarm readout display and to minimize the acknowledgement
effort for the operator.
In case several alarms of one type occur (see groups above), they are
displayed as one single alarm message in the alarm readout display.
Number, date and time stamp of the last received alarm is displayed.
The message text is the same for each alarm message of the group.
Situation: e.g. TCPA/CPA ARPA (message text)
first alarm
[ 1 ] RADAR ALARM
2013--12--03 13:36:16
ARPA TCPA/CPA BY 1
TARGET (S)
second alarm
[ 1 ] RADAR ALARM
2013--12--03 13:56:13
ARPA TCPA/CPA BY 2
TARGET (S)
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CONTROL PANEL
The Alarm Acknowledge button on the control panel is
used to acknowledge the actual alarm shown in the alarm
display. Once the alarm is acknowledged, the text string
will become RED, a number will appear at the beginning
of the alarm text string, and the list can be scrolled down
in order to see any other Alerts in the list that are not
currently displayed.
Possible Alarm and Warning Messages see chapter 2.11.
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2.3.7.6
User Settings
The User Settings allow the operator to load Radar pre-adjustments. The preadjustments are classified into three groups with special profiles. These profiles
contain Radar settings. The Radar settings become active when the Radar is
switched to TX mode.
Pre-Defined profiles provide display settings for navigation under special
conditions.
User Defined profiles are profiles containing the display setting used on each
workstation when Radar was switched to Standby the last time.
Workstation profiles are profiles containing console defined setting witch can
be transferred to another MFC console.
Group Pre-Defined
Group User Defined
Group Workstation
Default (see Table 2-10)
User_1
MFC1
Anchorage
User_2
MFC2
Harbor Berthing
User_3
…….
Pilotage
User_4
…….
Coastal Water
User_5
…….
Open Sea
In the Pre-Defined group the Default pre-adjustment contains following settings:
Table 2-10
Control settings in response to Default selection.
Parameter
Default collision avoidance
GAIN
As it is
Tuning
As it is
Range
6NM
Range rings
off
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Parameter
Default collision avoidance
VRM
One VRM on 0,25NM
EBL
One EBL on
PIL
As it is
Display mode
True motion north-up
Off-centering
on
Stabilization
Ground stab
Trails
On (6min)
Past positions
off
Vectors
Relative (6min)
AIS display
on
AIS new/lost target alerts
off
AIS activation on CPA/TCPA
on
Chart
off
AIS AtoNs, base station
off
AIS outline
on
AIS filter range
12NM
PCP/CPA symbols
off
CPA warning
off
Target label
on
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Task
Step 1 Switch the Radar into STBY mode.
Step 2 Select the USER soft button.
Step 3 Select your favorite Pre-Defined profile.
Step 4 LOAD this profile.
Step 5 User Defined
SAVE AS has to be used if the operator wants to save his
own modified pre-adjustments profile.
In this case the user profile was saved under the name
User_1 in the user defined group.
Step 6 Console Defined
REFRESH has to be used if the operator selects a
workstation defined profile and the INS system advanced
with a further MFC console. With pressing the REFRESH
soft button the further MFC console will be integrated in
the workstation defined group.
Switch back to the Radar TX mode, using a selected
profile.
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2.4
Select Target Information TGT INFO
The TGT INFO display can simultaneously show information on 3 tracked
targets. These can be ARPA, AIS or associated targets.
Manual selection is shown in the following procedure.
Automatic selection initiated by acquisition zones (chapter 2.5.1 ARPA targets,
chapter 2.5.4 AIS targets).
Operator controls
Task
AIS / ARPA Target association chapter 2.5.5.
changed to RCSE
and RSPD
ID
STAT
TCSE
RCSE
TSPD
RSPD
DIST
TBRG
CPA
TCPA
BCR
BCT
)*
Identifier no. ARPA (1..70), AIS ships identifier no.
Status (TCPA, TI, TN, GUARD, REF) )*
True course can be changed to relative course
True speed can be changed to relative speed
Distance
True bearing
Closest point of approach
Time of closest point of approach
Bow crossing range
Bow crossing time
TCPA
TI
TN
GUARD
REF
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collision situation
Target initial, after approx. 10 scans
Target normal
Target acquired using an acquisition
zone
Info about a reference target
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Procedure for manual target selection (Prüfen)
Initial target selection is carried out using the cursor. The target information is
shown in the TGT INFO display.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the TGT INFO display.
Step 2 Select the targets of interest ((ARPA, AIS) chapter
2.1.5).
Step 3 Select INFO for Additional AIS information.
INFO
Targets classified as dangerous trigger an alarm (visual and acoustic).
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2.4.1
AIS Symbols on the Radar Video
Procedure:
After pressing the AIS soft button AIS targets (sleeping/activated) appear on the
PPI if there are AIS targets in the area.
The area in which the AIS information is displayed depends on the used AIS
FILTer RNG.
Sleeping targets are displayed smaller than the activated targets. Sleeping
targets can be switched over to activate targets per cursor function or per
ACTIVATION RANGE.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Select the AIS soft button. AIS targets appear on
the PPI.
Step 2 Open the TGT menu.
Step 3 Open the SET AIS OPTIONS.
Step 4 Select your individual AIS OPTIONS if necessary.
Step 5 Select the AIS target of interest. Press the right
trackball button, a pop- up window appears for a short
time (10s).
Show the AIS target information by selecting Set AIS
............
The Activation Range can be edited via slider function.
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2.5
Target Menu
This chapter describes the operation of the target management.
The target management handles ARPA and AIS targets.
The Radar ARPA information is considered to assist
decision making in a present current situation.
The resulting assessment with regard to avoiding collisions
must be made independently in accordance with the valid
regulations!
This Radar is an aid to navigation. Its accuracy can be
affected by many factors such as equipment defect,
environmental conditions, or improper operation. It is the
user’s responsibility to exercise common prudence and
navigational judgment at all times
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2.5.1
General Information
•
Requirements for optimum ARPA support
The following requirements must be met on the Radar to achieve optimum
ARPA functionality.
Operator controls
Task
The sensitivity controls are optimally adjusted to the
current weather conditions.
Before using this function select a RANGE higher
than 6 NM. The automatic target acquisition zone
might not be visible at lower ranges.
Heading e.g. gyro and Speed (log, course thru water (W)
or course over ground (B)).
•
Target acquisition
It is possible to acquire up to 40 targets manually and up to 40 targets
automatically. The tracking data for the selected targets is displayed in the
ARPA information window.
•
Target alarms
Targets generate an alarm message (chapter 2.11.2) and artificial symbols (see
ARPA SYMBOLS) accompanied by an acoustical signal.
“CPA TCPA BY xx TARGET(S)”
This alarm is triggered as soon as a tracked target exceeds the set
limits for CPA or TCPA.
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“GUARD ZONE INSTRUCTIONS BY xx TARGET(S)”
This alarm is triggered as soon as a tracked target enters an guard
zone.
“LOST xx TARGET(S)”
This alarm indicates that the tracked target has been lost.
•
Target symbols
When using the ARPA function, the PPI displays various artificial symbols that
describe the following situations.
Operator controls
Task
Indicates that target data is displayed in the TARGET
INFO window.
Potential collision point.
PCP
Closest point of approach.
CPA
TRAIL
TEST
This state is indicated if the trial manoeuvre is activated.
The symbol flashes.
This state is indicated if the test function has been called
up. The symbol flashes.
Reference target
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•
Used symbol colors
The Radar ARPA function includes the following color assignments.
Ship heading marker, SHM - WHITE –
−
Ship heading marker, SHM
Vector (TRUE)
- WHITE
- PURPLE –
−
Tracked target
Vector
Past Pos
Trails
- GREEN - GREEN - GREEN - GREEN / GRAY -
−
−
−
−
CPA/TCPA zone
Acquisition zone
Guard zone
Exclusion zone
- ORANGE - YELLOW - ORANGE - BLUE -
−
Artificial ARPA symbols
PCP
CPA
- PURPLE
- GREEN
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2.5.2
Set Target Options
2.5.2.1
PCP/CPA Symbols ON/OFF
PCP and CPA symbols are a useful tool that assists the user in identifying
possible collision situations.
This function allows the potential collision point (PCP) or the closest point of
approach (CPA) for acquired targets to be indicated by a circular symbol at the
PPI.
Acquired targets can be displayed with relative or true vectors.
TRUE allows the PCPs for all acquired targets to be displayed at the PPI.
RELATIVE allows the CPAs for all acquired targets to be displayed on the PPI.
Both types of display support prompt assessment of close range situations.
Vector mode TRUE - Potential Collision Points (PCP) Potential collision points (PCP) provide a rapid overview of current and potential
collision danger.
Assessment:
•
There is a current collision danger if a PCP lies on your own
ship’s head up line.
•
There is a potential collision danger if your own ship changes
its current course such that a PCP that did not previously lie on the
ship’s head up line will now lie on that line.
Potential collision points are calculated after target acquisition.
Every target is normally marked with one PCP, which appears as a small circle.
Under certain circumstances, it is possible that a target is marked by 2 PCPs.
In such a situation, both PCPs are applicable and must be taken into account
when viewing the Radar image.
PCPs do not take into account the dimensions of the own
ship or the target.
Target acquisition must first be carried out.
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Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Switch over to TM(T) (recommended).
Step 2 Switch over to TRU
Step 3 Open the TGT menu.
Step 4 Select the SET TARGET OPTIONS.
Step 5 Select PCP/CPA SYMBOLS ON.
Step 6 The LOST ALARM RANGE can be changed via
the text slider function (chapter 2.1.4.1).
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Potential Collision Points – VECTOR mode TRUE -
Result:
Switching to TRUE VECTORS shows potential collision points (PCP). These
are positions on the chart where your own vessel could collide with other
targets.
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VECTOR mode REL -- Closest Point of Approach (CPA)
Using this function, the closest point of approach (CPA) for acquired targets
with relative vectors is indicated by a small circle.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Switch over to TM(T) (recommended).
Step 2 Switch over to REL (recommended).
Step 3 Open the TGT menu.
Step 4 Select the SET TARGET OPTIONS.
Step 5 Select PCP/CPA SYMBOLS ON.
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Potential Collision Points – VECTOR mode REL -
Result
A CPA symbol will indicate where the approach will be closest. The CPA/TCPA
readout displays when this will happen.
CPA warning circles highlight the condition for dangerous target alarms.
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2.5.2.2
CPA Warning Circle ON/OFF (CPA/TCPA)
The target management evaluates the closest point of approach (CPA) and the
time to closest point of approach (TCPA) status of each tracked target.
This CPA/TCPA zone is available with predefined values.
The CPA/TCPA values are generally ship-specific and must be adapted to the
profile of the ship.
The ship’s profile includes features such as stopping distance, sea area and
visibility.
Acquired targets that move inside the radius (CPA) and undercut time threshold
(TCPA) generate a “CPA/TCPA BY xx TATGET(S)” in the message display and
the relevant target is simultaneously marked by a flashing symbol.
The CPA/TCPA zone can be shown or hidden on the Radar video as desired.
Determining the CPA/TCPA radius
The CPA/TCPA radius can quickly be adjusted to the desired situation as
shown.
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Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the TGT menu.
Step 2 Open the SET TARGET OPTIONS.
Step 3 Show or hide the radius on the PPI (CPA WRN).
Step 4 Edit and apply individual values for CPA and
TCPA.
Step 5 Complete the input by pressing the left trackball
button.
Result:
If a tracked target moves inside the set limits, a
“Dangerous Target Alarm” is triggered.
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Task
ARPA
symbol
Collision
condition
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2.5.2.3
Show Target ID as Label
This soft key function allows the Target label to be shown or
hidden on the PPI.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the TGT menu.
Step 2 Open the SET TARGET OPTIONS.
Step 3 Show or hide TARGET ID AS LABEL.
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2.5.2.4
Lost Alarm Range …NM
In this case the operator has the possibility to adjust the Lost Alarm Range per
slider function.
When a target is lost outside this range, no lost target alert is raised.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the TGT menu.
Step 2 Open the SET TARGET OPTIONS.
Step 3 Place the cursor on the value and press the left
trackball button and adjust your favored value. Press the
left trackball button again to set the value.
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2.5.2.5
Delete All Targets
Pressing this soft key deletes all acquired targets in the system. Please note
that this is a global function which affects all workstations.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the TGT menu.
Step 2 Select the SET TARGET OPTIONS button.
Step 3 Select the DELETE ALL TGT button.
Result:
All acquired targets lost their selected status on the PPI.
Delete a target
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Place the cursor over an ARPA target and press
the right trackball button, a pop- up window appears for a
short time (10s). Delete the ARPA target by selecting
Delete ARPA.
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2.5.2.6
Reference Target ON/OFF
The reference target feature tracks a fixed target (zero speed) and calculates
own ship’s if no other speed sensor is available.
If the fixed target is lost the Radar generates a LOST
REFERENCE TARGET alarm. Own ship’s speed values
cannot be evaluated.
The Radar can support this by accepting one echo that the user knows is
geostationary. After 2 minutes, the Radar accuracy calculates the ship’s ground
velocity until the track is lost or new echoes chosen.
Accuracy of the calculated ground speed depends on the
selected target and the environmental conditions and may
deviate from the real speed of the target. Please monitor
the value carefully. Collision avoidance data (relative
speed, CPA/TCPA, BCR/BCT) of AIS targets cannot be
calculated with a reference target speed.
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Operator controls
Task
First, the desired target must be acquired.
Step 1 Switch AIS to OFF.
Step 2 Open the TGT menu
Step 3 Acquire a target of interest via the left Trackball
button, then press the right Trackball button (must be a
fixed target). The context Menu appears.
Select “Select Target (ID..)” and press the right Trackball
button.
Step 4 Open the TARGET OPTIONS menu.
Step 5 Select REF TGT OFF/ON the SHOW symbol
changes to REFERENCE TARGET symbol. The target
info appears in TARGET INFO window.
The target no. (example) displays in the REF TGT button.
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2.5.3
Set Tracker Options
2.5.3.1
Manual Plotting - ACQ TGT This target acquiring method is helpful if the desired target is hidden with e.g. a
bearing line.
With this function maximum 40 Targets can be manually acquired by pressing
the left trackball button.
The manually tracking is possible up to 24 NM.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the TGT menu.
Step 2 Select the SET TRACKER OPTIONS button.
Step 3 Select the ACQ TGT soft button.
(Cursor symbol)
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Step 4 Select the desired target per cursor and press the
left trackball button (chapter 2.5.4.2).
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2.5.4
Set AIS Options
2.5.4.1
AIS Options
The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is designed for automatic and
autonomous data communication between ships. Transferred data include
(among others) information such as identification, status, position, speed,
course over ground (detailed information see AIS Manual).
All AIS targets can be displayed on the PPI, detailed information can be shown
on request at the target info display and alarms for LOST and DANGEROUS
AIS Targets will be generated automatically.
AIS targets can be filtered, ranges for display of AIS targets are selected
between 3 and 96 NM.
The AIS OPTIONS allows following AIS FILTER settings.
LOST TARGET ALARM ON (switchable ON/OFF)
OUTLINE SYMBOLS ON/OFF (switchable ON/OFF)
HIDE ATON & BASE STATIONS (switchable SHOW/HIDE)
Automatically acquisition (Automatic Activation) of dangerous, sleeping AIS
targets via CPA/TCPA zones
CPA/TCPA ALARM ON (switchable ON/OFF)
ACTIVATE AT CPA/TCPA OFF (switchable ON/OFF)
Manually acquisition of sleeping AIS targets
ACTIVATION RANGE (default 3NM)
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Operator controls
Task
The Radar AIS OPTIONS allows the following settings.
Step 1 Select the SET AIS OPTIONS button.
Step 2 Select the AIS soft button. AIS targets appear on
the PPI.
LOST TARGET ALARM ON (switchable ON/OFF).
In this case the target symbol will be marked by crossed
lines centered on the target symbol. The symbol is
flashing. An alarm message is generated (chapter 2.11.2).
AIS FILT RNG (adjustable within 3-96NM)
Only new AIS targets are visible on the display. Contrary
to the activation range this setting is separate for each
display.
OUTLINE SYMBOLS ON (switchable ON/OFF).
If a target symbol is drawn at a low range the target
symbol is automatically presented on scale showing the
outline of the targets.
If the Outline Symbol is displayed depends on ship’s
length and width and on the range scale selected.
The next figure displays a AIS symbol in close up
situation.
AIS symbol
Own position
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Operator controls
Task
HIDE ATON & BASE STATIONS (switchable
SHOW/HIDE).
Aids to Navigation (ATON) (special buoys equipped with
an AIS unit) or Base Stations appear with following
symbols.
(physical)
(virtuell)
The selected mode displays as ATON ON or OFF
message on the display.
CPA/TCPA ALARM ON (switchable ON/OFF).
In this case the ACTIVATE AT CPA/TCPA changes to
OFF. Dangerous, sleeping AIS targets passing the
CPA/TCPA range generate automatically an Alarm
Message.
The AIS targets maintain the sleeping status.
ACTIVATE AT CPA/TCPA ON (ON/OFF).
In this case the CPA/TCPA ALARM changes to OFF.
Dangerous, sleeping AIS targets passing the CPA/TCPA
range will be activated and generate automatically an
Alarm Message.
The target symbol color changes to orange.
The target symbol flashes.
The target symbol becomes bigger.
The TARGET INFO displays the AIS information.
ACTIVATION RANGE (default 3NM).
Sleeping Targets passing this range change to active
status. The range scale can be adapted by the slider
function.
AIS OWN SHIP DATA.
Displays the own AIS SHIP DATA.
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2.5.4.2
Target Symbols (ARPA / AIS)
The AIS symbols are assigned different pieces of target information. Depending
on the situation, each symbol has a different meaning (see following table).
AIS Target
Symbol
Description of symbols
Sleeping AIS targets shall be
presented as acute isosceles
triangles oriented to the targets’
reported heading (or COG if
heading is not reported) and
centered at the targets’ reported
position. The base of the triangles
shall be 3 mm and the height shall
be 4,5 mm. The triangles shall be
drawn using a thick solid line style
(or a broken line if a collision
avoidance computation cannot be
done) with the same basic color
used for target symbols.
Sleeping AIS
targets
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Sleeping AIS target with neither
reported heading nor COG
A sleeping AIS target with neither
a reported heading nor COG shall
be oriented toward the top of the
operational display area.
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AIS Target
Symbol
Description of symbols
Activated AIS targets shall be
presented as acute isosceles
triangles oriented to the targets’
reported heading (or COG if
heading is not reported) and
centered at the targets’ reported
position. The base of the triangles
shall be 4 mm and the height shall
be 6 mm. The triangles shall be
drawn using a thick solid line style
(or a broken line if a collision
avoidance computation cannot be
done) with the basic color used for
target symbols.
Activated AIS
targets
An activated AIS target with
neither a reported heading nor
COG shall be oriented toward the
top of the operational display area.
Activated AIS target with neither
reported heading nor COG.
Activated AIS targets may be
labeled. Alphanumeric text used to
label AIS targets shall be drawn
with the same basic color as used
for target symbols.
Alternatively, when own ship is
presented as a true scaled outline,
the user may select to add true
scaled outlines to activated AIS
target symbols.
Activated AIS
targets – true
scaled outlines
True scaled outlines for activated
AIS targets shall be drawn around
the AIS target symbol triangles
relative to the targets’ reported
position according to the offsets,
beam and length. The outline shall
be drawn using a thick solid line
style.
True scaled outlines for activated
AIS targets shall be drawn with the
same basic color used for target
symbols.
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AIS Target
Symbol
Description of symbols
Activated AIS targets designated
as dangerous targets may be
presented with larger triangles,
with a base of 5 mm and a height
of 7,5 mm, shall be the required
basic color red, drawn with a thick
solid line and shall flash until
acknowledged by the user.
Activated AIS target with neither a
reported heading not COG
The user may select to present
associated targets (i.e. activated
AIS targets associated with
tracked Radar targets) as either
activated AIS target symbols or
tracked Radar target symbols.
Associated
targets –
alternative
234566374
234566374
Associated targets represented by
Radar target symbols
Alternatively, activated AIS target
symbols representing associated
targets may be modified by
circumscribing a circle around the
symbols’ isosceles triangle.
Tracked Radar target symbols
representing associated targets
may be presented with larger
diameter circles (up to 5 mm),
modified by inscribing an isosceles
triangle inside the symbols’ circle.
The circumscribed circle and
inscribed triangle shall be drawn
using a thin solid line style with the
same basic color used for target
symbols.
Associated targets may be labeled
or numbered, as appropriate.
Alphanumeric text used to
label/number associated targets
shall be drawn with the same
basic color as used for target
symbols.
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Once acknowledged, the symbols
shall cease flashing but shall still
be presented using the required
basic color red until no longer
considered to be a dangerous
target.
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AIS Target
Symbol
Description of symbols
Heading lines shall be selected for
display for activated AIS targets
and associated targets,
represented by AIS target
symbols.
Heading lines
Heading lines shall originate at the
apex of the AIS triangle and shall
extend not less than 4 mm and at
least 4 mm beyond the bow of the
true scaled outline when it is used.
They shall be drawn using a solid
line style with the same basic color
as used for target symbols.
234566374
234566374
Heading lines for dangerous AIS
target shall flash with their base
symbol until acknowledged by the
user.
An activated target without a
reported heading shall be
orientated to the top of the
operational display area and when
AIS heading is enabled shall not
include a heading line.
The user shall select to display
turn indicators for activated AIS
targets and associated targets
represented by AIS target
symbols.
Heading lines –
turn indicators
223345765
223345765
Turn indicators shall be presented
as a single line extending at least
1 mm but not more than 2 mm
perpendicular to the heading line
in the direction of turn. The
indicator shall be drawn using a
thin solid line style with the same
basic color as used for their target
symbols.
Turn indicators for dangerous
targets shall be the required color
red (until no longer dangerous)
and shall flash with their symbol
until acknowledged by the user.
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AIS Target
Symbol
Description of symbols
Velocity vectors for targets shall
be selected for display.
Velocity vectors
18
---------------------------------
345673738 345673738
--------------------------------
Velocity vectors shall be
presented as single lines
originating at the targets’
tracked/reported position and
extending in the direction of
course CTW or COG, as
appropriate, for a length
representing the distance the
target will travel in the time interval
used for own ship’s velocity
vector. Vectors shall be drawn
using a thick short dashed line
style with the same basic color
used for target symbols.
Velocity vectors for dangerous
targets shall be the required red
basic color and shall flash with
their base target symbols until
acknowledged by the user.
Once acknowledged, the symbols
shall cease flashing and unless
considered as dangerous, shall
assume the basic color of other
non-dangerous target symbols.
352667789 352667789
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AIS Target
Symbol
Description of symbols
Target past
positions
Radar target past position:
Optionally, target past positions
may be shown.
Past positions shall be presented
as a series of small circular
symbols of 1 mm diameter. They
may be connected by a line drawn
from the current tracked or
reported position of the target.
----------------------------------
The line shall be drawn using a
thin short dashed line style with
the same basic color as their
target symbols.
AIS target past position:
234264658 234264658
----------------------------------Associated target past positions:
234264658 234264658
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AIS Target
Symbol
Description of symbols
Physical AIS aids to navigation
(ATON) shall be presented as an
open diamond. The sides
AIS aids to
navigation –
Physical
of the diamond shall be not more
than 6 mm in length.
The diamond shall be drawn using
a thin solid line style.
The basic color for an ”on position”
AIS ATON is defined as the
normal color for AIS ATON
symbols.
The basic color for the diamond of
an ”off position”
AIS ATONN is yellow, it shall be
drawn using thick solid line style
and when used against light
background it shall include a black
one pixel outline to improve
readability.
If available, on Radar display AIS
AtoN shall be drawn indicating the
purpose of the AIS AtoN.
On display containing an
underlying chart AIS AtoN shall be
drawn without indication of
purpose unless the object is
selected in which case, if
available, the symbol is drawn
indicating the purpose of the AIS
AtoN. Purpose symbol
shall be drawn using a thin solid
line style and shall be the same
basic colour as the AIS
AtoN symbol. The height of the
purpose symbol shall be not more
than 5 mm in length.
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AIS AtoN shall indicate off position
of floating aid with yellow text “Off
Posn”. AIS AtoN shall indicate
failure of light with yellow text
“Unlit”.
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Racon with yellow text “Racon
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AIS Target
Symbol
Description of symbols
AIS AtoN may be labeled.
Alphanumeric text used to label an
AIS AtoN shall be the same basic
colour as the AIS AtoN symbol.
Other information from AIS AtoN,
if available (for example from
Message 14 for the same MMSI),
shall be available on demand.
All physical AtoNs shall be in their
own layer which shall have own
display on/off selection.
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AIS Target
Symbol
Description of symbols
Virtual AIS aids to navigation
(AtoN) shall be presented as an
open diamond with crosshair
AIS aids to
navigation –
Virtual
centred at reported position.
The sides of the diamond shall be
not more than 6 mm in length.
The diamond shall be drawn using
a thin dashed line style.
The basic colour for a Virtual AIS
AtoN is as used for the physical
AIS AtoN symbols.
If available, AIS AtoN shall be
drawn indicating the purpose of
the AtoN. Purpose symbol shall
be drawn using a thin solid line
style and shall be the same basic
colour as the AIS AtoN symbol.
The height of the purpose symbol
shall be not more than 5 mm in
length.
The absence of a charted physical
AtoN is communicated as a
combined state of ‘virtual’
and ‘off position’. This shall be
indicated with yellow text “Missing”
above the dotted outline diamond
using colour yellow. This symbol
shall have no crosshair at the
position centre. When used
against light background the
yellow text may include a black
one pixel outline to improve
readability.
AIS AtoN may be labelled.
Alphanumeric text used to label an
AIS ATON shall be the same
basic colour as the AIS AtoN
symbol.
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if available (for example from
Message 14 for the same
MMSI), shall be available on
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AIS Target
Symbol
Description of symbols
An AIS search and rescue
transmitter (AIS- SART) shall be
drawn as a 6mm diameter circle
with a cross inside drawn with a
solid line. A test version of the
AIS-SART shall use the same
basic color as the AIS ATON
symbols. An active version of the
AIS-SART shall use the required
red basic color. If the equipment
includes alert functionality based
on active AIS-SART, then symbol
shall flash until acknowledged by
the user.
AIS search and
rescue
transmitter and
other devices
using AIS burst
transmission
technology
AIS-SART symbol has no
associated speed or course
vector.
If selected the operational mode is
indicated as received from AIS
Message 14 (e.g.
SART ACTIVE, SART TEST,
MOB ACTIVE, MOB TEST, EPIRB
ACTIVE, EPIRB TEST) in the
associated AIS object dialog.
NOTE: AIS-SART use MMSI
range 97000000 - 97099999.
NOTE: AIS-MOB use MMSI range
97200000 -97299999
NOTE: EPIRB AIS use MMSI
range 97400000 – 97499999
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AIS Target
Symbol
Description of symbols
Selected targets
Selected Radar targets:
Selected target symbols shall be
presented as broken squares
indicated by their corners,
centered on the selected target
symbol by the user and clearly
extending beyond it. The square
shall be drawn using a dashed
line.
----------------------------------Selected AIS targets:
Alphanumeric text used to label a
selected target shall be the same
basic color as the selected target
symbol.
245667891 245667891
----------------------------------Selected associated targets:
----------------------------------Selected AIS ATON:
----------------------------------Selected AIS SART:
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AIS Target
Symbol
Description of symbols
Lost targets
Lost Radar targets:
Lost target symbols shall be
presented as crossed lines
centered on the target symbol and
extending at least 2 mm but not
more than 3 mm beyond the
symbol. The lines shall be drawn
using a solid line style and shall
flash with the required color red
until acknowledged by the user.
18
18
----------------------------------Lost AIS targets:
Once acknowledged, the lost
target symbol and its target
symbol.
2436463763 2436463763
----------------------------------Lost associated targets:
354678453 354678453 18
----------------------------------Lost AIS ATON:
----------------------------------Lost AIS SART:
An AIS SAR aircraft shall be
drawn with a thin solid outline with
the same basic color as used for
target symbols. The symbol shall
be oriented in the direction of the
COG. The length of the symbol
shall be 6 mm.
AIS SAR aircraft
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AIS Target
Symbol
Description of symbols
If provided, a vessel performing
SAR operations shall be
presented by having a circle with
cross drawn with a solid line inside
the standard activated AIS vessel
symbol.
AIS SAR vessel
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2.5.5
Association Settings
The target association combines the information of targets which are close
together to one single target. Target association is performed between ARPA
and AIS targets as well as ARPA targets tracked at different workstations.
Targets are associated, if the position, speed, and course of the targets are
within the pre-defined association limits.
The Radar supports several association profiles for navigation under different
conditions (see SYNAPSIS SYSTEM MANUAL (Document No. 4279 chapter
4.1)).
By switching on the Radar function TGT ASSOC ON, both AIS and Target
information of acquired targets are associated if the association criteria are
fulfilled.
The ASSOCIATION SETTINGS menu is organized by factory predefined
profiles.
2.5.5.1
Target Type Hierarchy
The priority selection TARGET TYPE HIERARCHY allows the operator to
decide which source is used to calculate collision avoidance data. If AIS is
selected and a combined target contains AIS data, the combined target is
displayed with position, speed, and course from AIS. If Radar X Band is
selected and the combined target contains data from an X-Band ARPA tracker,
position, speed, and course from this ARPA tracker is used.
Depending on the priority (MODIFY button) selected, the target info display
switches over accordingly; AIS or Target.
After pressing the AIS soft button AIS targets (sleeping/activated) appear on the
PPI if there are AIS targets in the area.
The area in which the AIS information is displayed depends on the used AIS
FILTer RNG.
Sleeping targets are displayed smaller than the activated targets. Sleeping
targets can be switched over to activated targets per cursor function or per
ACTIVATION RANGE.
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Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Select the AIS soft button.
Step 2 Switch-over to ASSOC ON.
Step 3 Select the TGT MENU.
Step 4 Select the ASSOC SETTINGS button.
Step 5 Select a Profile and LOAD the desired group (e.g.
coastal waters). The LOAD button changes into the
passive status to display the selected group.
Step 6 Select TARGET TYPE HIERARCHY.
Step 7 For showing the last Target Type Hierarchy press
the arrow.
Step 8 For modifying the Target Type Hierarchy press the
MODIFY button.
Step 9 Modify the Target Type Hierarchy and COMMIT
the entry.
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2.5.5.2
Source Hierarchy
The SOURCE HIERACHY allows the operator to decide from which Radar
(combined in an Integrated Navigational System (INS)) the associated targets
will be used for the TARGET TYPE HIERARCHY selection if a target is tracked
by more than 1 ARPA tracker.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Select the AIS soft button.
Step 2 Switch-over to ASSOC ON.
Step 3 Select the TGT MENU.
Step 4 Select the ASSOC SETTINGS button.
Step 5 Select a Profile and LOAD the desired group (e.g.
coastal waters). The LOAD button changes into the
passive status to display the selected group.
Step 6 Select SOURCE HIERARCHY.
Step 7 For showing last Source Hierarchy press the
arrow.
Step 8 For modifying the Source Hierarchy press the
MODIFY button.
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Operator controls
Task
Step 9 Modify the Source Hierarchy and COMMIT the
entry.
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2.6
Zone Management
Automatic plotting means that the Radar can acquire and track maximal 40
targets automatically.
The possible tracking zone of all acquired targets can be 0,25 to 20 NM.
The operator can define acquisition zones.
As soon as a target enters such a zone, it is plotted and tracked by the Radar.
If a sleeping AIS target enters an acquisition zone, the target is activated.
Despite all the advantages of automatic target acquisition, it
may be found:
Certain targets cannot be acquired due to the current
weather conditions.
Targets cannot be acquired due to the set acquisition zone.
Targets cannot be acquired due to their size and material.
The target information is displayed when striking the TGT INFO soft key.
ARPA ZONES in a INS System.
An ARPA ZONE created on a MFC console displays in continuous line and
yellow color (active ARPA ZONE). Targets arriving this ARPA ZONE will be
acquired on this MFC console.
The same ARPA ZONE displays on the other MFC in yellow color and dashed
lines (passive ARPA ZONE). Targets arriving this ARPA ZONE will not be
acquired (chapter 2.6.4).
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2.6.1
Create Zone Form
Three different zones are available using the Create Zone menu.
Within these zones, various zone forms are available (sector, polygon or circle).
You can choose to edit each of these zone forms using the cursor (drag and
drop) or a text slider.
The desired zone form is initially shown on the Radar video with preset values.
The zone form can be modified in editing mode.
Editing mode can be identified by the editing marks.
Once acknowledged, the zone becomes effective, the editing marks are hidden
and the lines are continuous.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the TGT menu.
Step 2 Open the CREATE ZONE menu
Step 3 Select the zone form.
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Operator controls
Task
The ACQUISITION ZONE is used for automatic target
acquisition and subsequent target tracking.
The target is automatically acquired and tracked.
The ACQUISITION ZONE is
considered to be an essential aid
and information source for
assessing the situation. The
decision as to whether a shortrange situation will develop from
this information must be made by
the navigator himself!
If an acquired target enters this GUARD ZONE, the Radar
outputs a “Guard Zone Alarm”.
The GUARD ZONE and related
target acquisition are only intended
to draw the Radar user attention to
a target. The decision as to
whether a short- range situation will
develop from this information must
be made by the navigator himself!
If the user wants to exclude certain areas from automatic
acquisition, he can create an EXCLUSION ZONE. In this
zone, all Radar returns (video) will be ignored.
Within the exclusion zone, no
targets are acquired and displayed
on the Radar video.
The master and navigator are
responsible for assessing and
considering any possible collision
situations that could result from
this.
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2.6.1.1
Select ACQUISITION Zone Shape
The sequence of operations below can be used to select the acquisition zone
form SECTOR.
The Radar menu provides 3 types of acquisition zones;
•
ACQUISITION ZONE SECTOR
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the TGT menu.
Step 2 Open the CREATE ZONE menu.
Step 3 Open the ACQUISITION ZONE menu with the
options SECTOR, POLYGON, RING.
Step 4 Open the ACQUISITION ZONE SECTOR menu.
Step 5 Apply the values. Pressing the COMMIT button
activates the ACQUISITON ZONE SECTOR in continuous
line.
The BEARING values are relative to own ship.
Result:
A sector (displayed as a dashed outline) with preset
values appears in the direction of travel on the PPI.
The sector can be changed immediately using the sector
editing marks (1...4). These changes can be made directly
using the cursor (drag and drop (chapter 2.1.4.1)) or using
the text lines with slider functions for BEARING and
RANGE located in the ACQUISITION ZONE SECTOR
display field.
Subsequent changes can be introduced at any time.
Several SECTORS can be displayed on the PPI.
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•
ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGON
This function allows the user to create a zone with an arbitrary shape.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the TGT menu.
Step 2 Open the CREATE ZONE menu.
Step 3 Open the ACQUISITION ZONE menu with the
options SECTOR, POLYGON, RING.
Step 4 Open the ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGON menu.
Step 5 Apply the values. Pressing the COMMIT button
activates the ACQUISITON ZONE POLYGON in
continuous line.
The BEARING values are relative to own ship.
Result:
A polygon with preset BEARING and RANGE values
appears on the Radar video.
The polygon can be individually adapted using the editing
marks (1....8).
The polygon method can be edited to any shape. The
default shape is shown in the PPI.
It must be ensured that the ACQUISITION ZONE AREA
includes the ship for the special polygon shape
ACQUISITION ZONE.
These changes can be made directly using the cursor
(drag and drop (chapter 2.1.4.1)) or using the text lines
with slider functions for BEARING and RANGE located in
the ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGON display field.
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•
ACQUISITION ZONE RING
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the TGT menu.
Step 2 Open the CREATE ZONE menu.
Step 3 Open the ACQUISITION ZONE menu with the
options SECTOR, POLYGON, RING.
Step 4 Open the ACQUISITION ZONE RING menu.
Step 5 Apply the values. Pressing the COMMIT button
activates the ACQUISITON ZONE RING in continuous
line.
Result:
A range area with preset values for range START, range
END centered around own ship appears on PPI.
The range area is made up of two rings that can be
individually adjusted using editing marks.
There is an inner ring, which can be edited using drag and
drop or the text line (START) and an outer ring, which can
likewise be edited using drag and drop or the text line
(END).
The default ring is small, as a suggestion for monitoring
the area around the anchor place.
When opening the RING menu the circles are displayed
with a dashed outline.
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2.6.1.2
Select GUARD Zone Shape
The sequence of operations below can be used to select the GUARD ZONE
shapes. The Radar menu provides 2 possible GUARD zone types, sector and
ring.
The GUARD zone detects tracked ARPA targets that enter the preselected
area. This situation is indicated by an alarm (visual and acoustic).
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•
GUARD ZONE SECTOR
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the TGT menu.
Step 2 Open the CREATE ZONE menu.
Step 3 Open GUARD ZONE menu containing the options
SECTOR and RING.
Step 4 Open the GUARD ZONE SECTOR menu.
Step 5 Apply the values. Pressing the COMMIT button
activates the GUARD ZONE SECTOR in continuous line.
Result:
A sector with preset values appears in the direction of
travel on the PPI.
The sector can be changed using the sector editing marks
(1...4).
These changes can be made directly using the cursor
(drag and drop (chapter 2.1.4.1)) or using the text lines
with slider functions for BEARING and RANGE located in
the GUARD ZONE SECTOR display field.
Subsequent changes can be introduced at any time.
Several SECTORS can be displayed on the PPI.
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•
GUARD ZONE RING
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the TGT menu.
Step 2 Open the CREATE ZONE menu.
Step 3 Open GUARD ZONE menu containing the options
SECTOR and RING.
Step 4 Open the GUARD ZONE RING menu.
Step 5 Apply the values. Pressing the COMMIT button
activates the GUARD ZONE RING in continuous line.
Result:
A range area with preset values for range START, range
END and own position appears on the PPI.
The range area is made up of two rings that can be
individually adjusted using editing marks.
There is an inner ring and an outer ring. When opening
the menu the circles are displayed with a dashed outline.
The rings can be changed by using the cursor and drag
and drop or by using the text line sliders.
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2.6.1.3
Select Exclusion Zone Shape
The sequence of operations below can be used to select the EXCLUSION
ZONE. Exclusion zones move.
•
EXCLUSION ZONE RELATIVE
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the TGT menu.
Step 2 Open the CREATE ZONE menu.
Step 3 Open EXCLUSION ZONE menu containing the
options RELATIVE.
Step 4 Open the Open the GUARD ZONE RING menu.
Step 5 Apply the values. Pressing the COMMIT button
activates the RELATIVE EXCLUSION ZONE in
continuous line.
Result:
The relative exclusion zone is
predominantly used to avoid sea
clutter at close range (smaller 3
NM). However, not only sea clutter
but also small targets can be
suppressed. The Radar user must
be aware of this situation.
This example shows a ring centered at own ship, which is
useful when the sea conditions produce numerous false
alarm echoes from waves. The exclusion zone will inhibit
the auto acquisition function. This function can be used to
eliminate the acquisition of false echo effects.
The range area can be individually adjusted using the
editing marks or the text slider.
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2.6.2
Edit Zone
EDIT ZONE allows later editing of an active zone.
In the example below, the ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGON is to be changed.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the TGT menu.
Step 2 Open the EDIT ZONE menu.
Step 3 Select polygon using the right trackball button (the
polygon points are visible).
Step 4 Pick up editing mark point using the right trackball
button, change the point position (dotted line).
Step 5 Drop down the point position using the left
trackball button, pick up next point or complete the editing
procedure with pressing the COMMIT soft button in the
ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGON window.
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2.6.3
Delete Zone
DELETE ZONE allows you to delete a selected zone or all zones located at the
PPI.
In the example below, an ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGON is to be deleted.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the TGT menu.
Step 2 Open the DELETE ZONE menu.
Step 3 Select polygon using the right trackball button (the
polygon points are visible).
Step 4 Select the DELETE ZONE soft button.
Selecting the DELETE ALL ZONES soft button all zones
will be deleted on the Radar video.
Step 5 Select the OK soft button. The polygon was
deleted.
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2.6.4
Zone Usage
An ARPA ZONE created on selected MFC console displays in continuous line
and yellow color (active ARPA ZONE). Targets arriving this ARPA ZONE will be
acquired on this MFC console.
The same ARPA ZONE displays on the other MFC in yellow color and dashed
lines (passive ARPA ZONE). Targets arriving this ARPA ZONE will not be
acquired.
ZONE USAGE allows the operator to use this ARPA ZONE on another MFC
console.
The operator can activate or edit the ARPA ZONE on the local MFC console.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the TGT menu.
Step 2 Pressing the ZONE USAGE soft button the menu
USE ZONE BY ARPA TRACKER appears.
Step 3 Select the ARPA ZONE and press the right
trackball button to enable the ZONE.
The menu changes.
Step 4 Pressing the OK soft button the ARPA ZONE
presentation changes from dashed lines to a continues
line. The ARPA ZONE is activated. It is possible to edit
this zone (chapter 2.6.2). The new zone form appear on
all MFC consoles if selected.
For deactivating this ARPA ZONE follow Step 1 to Step 3
again.
Step 5 Pressing the OK soft button APRA ZONE
presentation changes from continues line to dashed lines.
The ARPA ZONE is deactivated.
If this ARPA ZONE is not used in the INS system the
ZONE will be fade out automatically.
For activating this ZONE again follow Step 1 to Step 4
again. In this case the ARPA ZONE is present on all MFC
consoles again.
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2.7
Function Menu
This menu provides additional functions.
2.7.1
Select the Backlight Menu Brightness Control and Color Palette
This Backlight Menu allows the operator to switch over between the functions
CENTRAL and LOCAL backlight dimming. The SYNAPSIS INS generally
consists of several MFCs which are combined to groups. In this case the
selected CENTRAL function is used for one group.
This function menu allows the operator to find the optimum brightness for
graphical presentation located around the PPI.
DIMMER MENUs 1 or 2 provide several sliders which allow individual
adjustment of the various parts of the Radar display surface.
On the bottom side of the dimmer menus the operator can select a Color
Palette from five options.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the FUNC menu.
Step 2 Select the Sun symbol button.
Step 3 Switch over between CENTRAL or LOCAL
backlight dimming. The slider symbol follows the
changeover.
Step 4 Select the BACKLIGHT MENU button. DIMMER
MENU 1 fades in.
Step 5 Adjust your favoured slider by pressing the left
trackball button. Deselect the slider adjustment by
pressing the left trackball button again or wait for the
time out (10s), then the slider adjustment will deselect
automatically.
Step 6 Select the DIMMER MENU 1 button DIMMER
MENU 2 fades in.
Step 7 Adjust your favoured slider (see step 5).
Step 8 Select the DIMMER MENU 2 button the
BACKLIGHT MENU fades in again.
Step 9 Change COLOR PALETTE by pressing on one of
the numbered fields.
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Task
BACKLIGHT MENU
CENTRAL selected, adjust the slider to set the
requested brightness. This brightness value will be
synchronized at all MFC consoles which are configured
to one group.
LOCAL selected, adjust the slider to set the desired
brightness for this console.
DIMMER MENU 1
MENU slider used for dimming the menus.
R- RINGS slider used for dimming the RANGE RINGS.
SHM slider used for dimming the ship heading marker.
EBL slider used for dimming the electronic bearing line.
VRM slider used for dimming the variable range marker.
VIDEO slider used for dimming all video information on
the PPI.
DIMMER MENU 2
SYMBOLS slider used for dimming all synthetic symbols.
TEXT slider used for dimming the bearing scale and text.
ARPA slider used for dimming the ARPA symbols.
CHART slider used for dimming the chart.
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2.7.2
Select T-SCE (ON/OFF)
This function allows you to call up the TEST SCENARIO.
The Test scenario is described by an independent Radar video, in which the
test targets are displayed.
If the Test Scenario has been activated, this is indicated by flashing S
characters shown at the bottom of the PPI.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the FUNC menu.
Step 2 Select the T-SCE ON/OFF symbol button. After
several cycles, the test scenario appears on the PPI.
These targets can be acquired manually or using the
ARPA zones. The corresponding target information can
be read out using the ARPA INFO.
Result:
This test allows the ARPA tracker to be tested. The test
is normally carried out in open waters. Activating T-SCE
displays an artificial Radar video containing several
targets. These targets can be acquired manually or using
acquisition zones.
Each target acquired can be identified by the ARPA
INFO.
The VECTORS, TRAILS and PAST POSITIONS for the
targets can also be shown.
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2.7.3
Select Route (Option)
This function allows the transfer of routes, e.g. between an electronic sea chart
ECDIS and the Radar.
The route planning is carried out via ECDIS (see ECDIS manual).
ECDIS Procedure: for selecting a Route in the ECDIS chart.
Operator controls
Task
The “Send Route to Radar” function is only applied to
the Primary Route. Select the function “Send Route to
Radar” in the “Route Menu”.
After approx. 1min the Primary Route appears on the
Radar display. Alternatively use the right trackball
button and click on any waypoint displayed on ECDIS.
A pop up window appears providing the “Send Route to
Radar” function.
If the route position (ECDIS) matches the Radar
position, the route is displayed on the PPI.
In addition to the route display, the active cursor of the
ECDIS shows up on the PPI in ORANGE color, and the
active cursor from the Radar shows up on the display
of the ECDIS in GREEN color.
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Radar Procedure:
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the FUNC menu.
Step 2 Select the ROUTE button.
Step 3 Select the ROUTE view of interest.
The information field in the lower area displays the route
name (e.g. AROUND GB), the route source (from ECDIS
Route Server) and the XTD LIMITS (e.g. 300m).
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2.7.4
Select Zoom Menu
The ZOOM menu allows the operator to display a selected PPI area (zoom
frame) in a Zoom Window. If the operator selects the ZOOM Menu after
switching ON the Radar the zoom frame displays the default setting RELATIVE
TO OS (Own Ship). Other settings can be selected as described below.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the FUNC menu.
Step 2 Select the ZOOM button.
Step 3 The zoom frame appears on the display (default
setting RELATIVE TO OS). Use the trackball to find the
area of interest and press the right trackball button.
The frame color changes from ORANGE to WHITE.
Step 4 Using the Zoom In (+) or Zoom Out (-) function.
The Zoom menu provides following options as reference
points:
a geographical position
a constant distance and bearing to own ship
a tracked ARPA target
a tracked AIS target
Zoom Window with crosshair
press the EXIT soft button, the ZOOM window appears
again.
To leave the ZOOM function, select another soft button
e.g. FUNC.
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2.7.5
Select Sector Blanking (ON/OFF)
SECTOR BLANKING is one of the ship- specific settings to be made during
commissioning.
The setting normally depends on the ship’s superstructure (e.g. cranes,
chimneys, etc.), from which strong reflection effects can be expected. These
effects have a negative impact on the quality of the Radar video.
To counteract this, the relevant sectors can be blanked out on the Radar video.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the FUNC menu.
Step 2 Select the SEC BL ON button.
Pressing the soft button disables the blanked sectors
SECTOR BLANKING OFF.
Pressing the soft key again blanks the sector again,
SECTOR BLANKING ON.
Result:
Radar video quality depends on influences of reflections
from superstructures.
Sectors with strong reflections are blanked.
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2.7.6
System Clear
This function allows the user to clear the PPI.
SYSTEM CLEAR removes:
−
−
−
−
−
all plot symbols,
navigation lines,
true marks
EBLs and VRMs
SENC and ROUTE information from the PPI.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the FUNC menu.
Step 2 Select the SYSTEM CLEAR button.
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2.7.7
Performance Monitor (PMU)
WARNING
No target evaluation possible.
Please note that the actual target evaluation during the
active PMU test (PMU ON) is not possible.
The transmitted power from the magnetron is measured permanently during TX
mode.
If the actually measured TX-power is less than half of the power during first
installation or prior magnetron exchange a permanent warning message will be
generated. After exchanging the magnetron the warning message disappear
automatically.
With pressing the PMU soft button the receiver performance will be checked as
well.
Pressing this button a noise source injects a broadband microwave signal into
the receiver. Hence follows an increase in the radar video level. This level will
be compared to the corresponding level stored during first installation. A
decrease in sensitivity by more than 7dB will cause an alarm message.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the FUNC menu.
Step 2 Select the PMU OFF button.
Pressing the soft button the reference level is compared
to the actual level.
In this case targets and land contour will be fading out.
The PMU abbreviation flashes in the lower PPI side.
The increased noise level is to been on the PPI.
Step 3 Select the PMU ON button.
Targets and land contour will be fading in again.
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PMU OFF
PMU ON
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2.7.8
Magnetron Current
The Magnetron Current feature is a special tool to measure power on the
Magnetron. The video quality will degrade as the magnetron ages (over 8000
operating hours).
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the FUNC menu.
Step 2 Select the MAG CUR button.
Step 3 The actual Magnetron Current displays.
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2.7.9
Test Alert
The Test Alert was used to check the alarm management in an INS system.
This Test Alert must be displayed in the Display for Alarms in all MFC consoles.
After acknowledging the Alarm Message the check was finished.
This Test Alert can be set from the Radar and ECDIS application.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the FUNC menu.
Step 2 Select the TEST ALERT soft button.
Step 3 A test alarm message appears in the alarm
display.
The alarm message disappears after 1min.
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2.7.10
Senc Menu
SENC stands for System Electronic Navigational Chart.
This function can only be realized via ECDIS in connection with the C—MAP
Chart Data (vector charts).
ECDIS procedure
ECDIS allows the operator to send objects (e.g. Depth contour or Buoys) to
selected Radars and displays them on the PPI. The interface between Radar
and ECDIS is serial and designed according to NMEA 0183.
Radar procedure
The Radar Function SENC allows the user to adjust (Radar Fix) the object
positions of objects transferred between ECDIS and Radar.
Transferred lines and objects can be individually switched on and off by the
Radar user.
Cursor
•
The Radar cursor appears in the ECDIS chart as a second cursor in
GREEN color.
•
The ECDIS cursor appears on the Radar PPI as a second cursor in
ORANGE color.
A route planned on an ECDIS is based on the electronic
chart vector format being used on the ECDIS PC. This chart
presentation is based on a MERCATOR projection.
If a route is created on an ECDIS and send to the Radar,
the route will be displayed on the Radar PPI.
If the distance between two waypoints is too long the track
leg should be drawn as a Great Circle.
As the route on the Radar is displayed as a Rhumb line it
deviates from the Great Circle presentation.
To keep the deviation as small as possible the distance
between two waypoints should be maximum 40 nautical
miles to approximate it to a series of Rhumb Line tracks.
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ECDIS Procedure:
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Place the cursor e.g. on the coast line from the
chart and press the right trackball button. An Object Info
window appears. Objects with special info such as
coastlines or depth contour lines activate the Send to
Radar button in the Object Info window. To transfer e.g.
the depth contour to this Radar the operator has to push
the “Send to Radar” button. After approx.. 1min the depth
contour layer appears on the PPI.
You can select another object on the ECDIS chart as
described before.
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Radar Procedure:
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the FUNC menu.
Step 2 Select the SENC button.
Step 3 Switching over between SENC ON and OFF
function. SENC ON means all objects are presented on
the PPI. SENC OFF means no objects are presented on
the PPI.
Step 4 SENC CONFIG provides following functions
DELETE ALL.
All objects are deleted from the Radar PPI and from the
Radar storage.
ADJUST (RADAR FIX)
The amount of change is expressed in the change of
Latitude and Longitude from the original position. Use this
when position is very poor (e.g. Loran C), or when no
sensor is available (for example when auto drift is in use
to Dead Reckon the ship’s progress using Radar).
Do not use with GPS.
CANCEL FIX
If the Radar Fix is no longer required.
LINE MENU
The Line Menu provides a means for the operator to
select line styles to be displayed when interfacing the
Radar to an ECDIS.
ALL LINES ON/OFF
All feature of the LINE MENU are ON (default settings).
MARK MENU
The MARK MENU provides a means for operator to select
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various symbols to be displayed when interfacing the
Radar to an ECDIS.
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2.7.11
Chart Info
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the FUNC menu.
Step 2 Select the CHART INFO button. The chart appears
on the PPI, and in the function area the CHART INFO
window is displayed.
Describes the current chart features.
Special chart functions see chapter 2.8.2.
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2.8
Chart Radar Function
This chapter describes the operation of the ChartRadar function. In this case a
Chart appears as chart underlay on the PPI.
For this Radar/ECDIS System the complete Chart handling (license, installation
and updates) has to be done at the ECDIS.
An accurate position sensor is required to make sure that
the chart underlay and Radar images agree with each
other. Depending on the range of the Radar and the scale
of chart underlay being used, GPS is usually suitable for
mid- to long- ranges, while DGPS is suitable for close
ranges and large- scale display (e.g. > 1:10.000).
In general, the more accurate and reliable the position fixing
system, the more accurate and reliable is the combined
Radar and chart underlay. It has to be realized that for the
position obtained from the Radar image to be in precise
agreement with the GPS, the chart data must be referenced
to WGS 84. This is a requirement for ECDIS.
RNC charts are prohibited to use with Chart Radar.
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2.8.1
Chart
After pressing the CHART soft button the chart appears as a chart underlay on
the PPI.
In this case the Radar function SENC will be blocked. The chart scaling effect is
combined with the range scale effect.
The chart presentation on the PPI is dependent on the
heading and position (Gyro/GPS) information. No heading
or no position information leads to disabling of the chart
presentation.
Radar and chart underlay use the same Common
Reference Point CRP.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Switch to SYM ON. All symbols (EBLs, VRMs,
PILs, ARPA zones, MAPs) are shown on the PPI.
Step 2 Select the CHART button. A proper chart appears
on the PPI.
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2.8.2
Chart Info
This function display appears automatically after selecting the CHART button.
The CHART INFO function display provides additional functions and
information.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Select the CHART button. A proper chart appears
on the PPI and the CHART INFO appears in the function
display.
Describes the current chart characteristics. The OVER
SCALE note displays if the chart scale is below the view
scale. The view scale depends on the range scale.
CHART INFORMATION SET
The special chart functions allow the user to enable or
disable additional chart information.
PRIMARY chart information set
−
−
−
−
for coastlines
own ship’s safety contour
dangers to navigation
fixed and floating aids to navigation
BASE chart information set
−
−
−
−
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Primary chart information set
traffic routing system
caution areas
build up areas
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Operator controls
Task
STD DISP chart information set
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
base chart information set
drying line
boundaries of fairway, channels, etc.
visual and Radar conspicuous features
prohibited and restricted areas
chart scale boundaries
indication of cautionary notes
FULL Display chart information set
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
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Standard chart information set
spot soundings
submarine cables and pipelines
ferry routes
graticule
place names
all contour lines
buildings
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Operator controls
Task
CHART CONTROL
Chart control allows the user to correct or change
following chart features.
RADAR FIX
An adjustment is necessary when there is a big
difference in position between the contours on the chart
layer and on the Radar PPI.
Step 1 Select the ADJUST button. The chart layer
position can be changed by using the trackball.
Step 2 Press the left trackball button to fix the chart at
the new layer position on the PPI.
A warning message appears;
FIX ACTIVE:
CHART
Step 3 After selecting the CANCEL FIX button the
adjustment returns. The warning message disappears.
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Operator controls
Task
ENC AUTO SCALE
With this function the system can be forced to use ENC
charts, which are not intended to be used at the current
scale.
NORMAL
Use only ENC charts which are intended to be used at
the current scale.
MEDIUM
If there are no ENC charts at the current scale, the
system will use ENC charts, up to factor 4 larger than the
view scale, of the display.
HIGH
If there are no ENC charts at the current scale, the
system will use ENC charts, up to factor 8 larger than the
view scale, of the display.
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Operator controls
Task
SYMBOL TYPE
Using this menu function, buoys and beacons can be
displayed either as TRADITIONAL symbols as known
from paper chart or as SIMPLIFIED symbols acc. to IHOpaper S52.
or
A beacon as
TRADITIONAL
symbol
A beacon as
SIMPLIFIED
symbol
SAFTEY CONTOUR
Using this menu function, the special safety contour can
be selected per numerical input in [m].The default value
is 30 m.
Step 1 Select the numerical indicator and enter a value.
The safety contour displays the new value in the chart
area.
Land contour
Safety contour
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2.9
Select ARPA Trial Manoeuvre
The trial manoeuvre feature allows the operator to see the results of possible
changes in their own speed and/or course, delay and radius, without actually
committing their own ship to those changes.
The trial manoeuvre scenario takes place in real time. The trial manoeuvre can
be used for all ship categories.
When the trial manoeuvre function is on, a large letter T flashes at the bottom of
the PPI. This is to remind the operator that the current Radar video and plotting
data is not the true navigational situation. The user can return to normal Radar
operation by clicking on TRIAL again.
When changing course or testing a proposed course, the trial heading is
indicated in white and by a dashed line originating from own ship. The trial
radius is indicated as a thicker white line originating from own ship.
Use realistic DELAY and RADIUS values which describe to
own ship’s dynamic characteristics in the trial functionality
in terms of turning performance and rate of change of
velocity.
If True vectors are selected, your own ship’s vector will
reflect any set and drift inputs (course made good). Target
data (SPD, CSE, ID, CPA, TCPA) that is being plotted is
still shown in the actual TRIAL MANOEUVRE readout.
The best trial manoeuvre information is provided by using
relative motion and sea stabilization (water tracking).
During a trial manoeuvre, there are no restrictions on the operation for the
Radar user interface.
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Sea Scout and ARPA Trial Manoeuvre
Using the Sea Scout (chapter 2.10) function it is possible and helpful to use the
ARPA Trial Manoeuvre as a second function. The operator can see the “No- Go
Areas” and find the gap between these areas per trial manoeuver.
Alarms and warnings during the trial manoeuvre:
Real alarms
The ARPA tracking system continues running in the background. If there is a
real close range situation (target enters the CPA/TCPA zone limits), an
automatic alarm is generated. The target symbol flashes and a corresponding
alert text message appear in the alarm display.
Temporary alarms
If a close range situation occurs during the trial manoeuvre, the target symbols
flash.
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Open the TRIAL function.
Step 2 Switch the SYM status to ON. All symbols (EBLs, VRMs,
PILs, ARPA zones, MAPs) are shown on the PPI.
Step 3 Switch the vector display into REL mode.
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Operator controls
Task
Step 4 Press the INACTIVE button for changing to the ACTIVE
situation. The actual SPD, CRS CHG, DELAY and RADIUS
values appear. For changing the values, press and hold the left
trackball button until the text line slider appears. Using the
trackball the desired parameter value changes. Follow the
display changes.
Press the left trackball button again, the process stops.
The readouts show acquired targets (ID no.) with their
CPA/TCPA values. The readouts are classified in TRIAL DATA
and ACTUAL DATA.
The TRIAL DATA readout displays the possible close range
situation during the TRIAL manoeuvre in combination with the
acquired targets (ID no.).
The ACTUAL DATA readout displays the actual situation in
combination with the acquired targets (ID no.).
Step 5 Press the CNTDWN button for starting the countdown.
The DELAY time counts down in second steps (DELAY time
00.00). The possible close range situation has to be completed
by a relevant manoeuvre before the DELAY time is executed.
Exit the TRIAL MANOEUVRE by pressing the EXIT button.
Result:
When a trial manoeuvre is added, the trial course (CSE)
identifies the new heading and is able to show potential collision
points. Trial speed (SPD) changes the potential collision points
and the higher the selected speed the more PCPs will be in the
vicinity of the tracked ships. A trial manoeuvre and PCPs are a
way to view the advantages of a change in speed. The time
changes (DELAY) allow the operator to check the trial course
history in the future situation.
The countdown (CNTDWN) allows the operator to observe the
possible close range situation in real time.
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Operator controls
Task
CSE 7,4̊
RADIUS 5.01 NM
SPD 16.5 kn
DELAY 00:00
Trial manoeuvre symbol
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2.10
Sea Scout (Option)
The optional Sea Scout function is an aid to the operator for appraising the
traffic situation. It can be faded in or out of the current Radar PPI display.
Previous display and PPI- settings will remain preserved.
The Sea Scout function can support the operator in sea areas with heavy traffic.
True vector mode has to be selected to enable the Sea Scout button.
Sea Scout will show true zones to the operator, i.e. the Sea Scout position will
be true in relation to other true objects on the PPI (i.e. chart underlay, buoys,
true markers, traffic separation zones, nav. lines etc.).
Figure 2-38 illustrates a situation with a coastline, a buoy and a moving target.
The operator can immediately know from the picture that proceeding on the
current course until reaching the buoy and then turning starboard would be
safe.
So would be any other option shown in the figure as black, dashed lines.
PCP
PCP
buoy
own position
Figure 2-38
Sea Scout situation
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The Sea Scout function can be used in combination with the ARPA TRIAL
function. The parameter values for SPD, CSE and DELAY can be set in the
dedicated ARPA TRIAL MANOEUVRE display. By changing these values a trial
manoeuvre can be calculated to avoid a potential close range situation.
The current TRIAL values for CPA and TCPA are indicated in the ARPA TRIAL
MANOEUVRE display.
The Sea Scout function supports the operator in analyzing
close range situations.
The navigational decision and appropriate action must be
performed by the operator.
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Procedure without ARPA TRIAL Function
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Acquire targets of interest, wait until the tracking
process is stable.
Step 2 Switch the vector display into TRUE mode and the
Radar video into N UP mode.
Step 3 Select the SEA SCOUT soft button. Calculated
“No- Go Areas“ will be displayed after a few seconds.
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Procedure without ARPA TRIAL Function
Operator controls
Task
Step 1 Select the ARPA TRIAL button. The Trial
Manoeuvre window will open.
Step 2 Select the INACTIVE button for changing to the
ACTIVE situation. The actual SPD, CSE, DELAY and
RADIUS values appear.
Step 3 For changing the values, press and hold the left
trackball button until the text line with slider appears.
Using the trackball the relevant parameter value is
changed. Follow the display changes. Press the left
trackball button again, the process stops.
Step 4 Select the SEA SCOUT button to fade- out or fadein the “No- Go Areas“.
Step 5 Select CNTDWN soft button for starting the ARPA
TRIAL scenario. Exit the TRIAL MANOEUVRE by
selecting the EXIT soft button. Exit the SEA SCOUT
function by selecting the SEA SCOUT button.
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2.11
Alarm and Warning messages and handling
2.11.1
Program Alarm Pop-Up Window – Picture Freeze Alarm –
In this case the Radar program watchdog routine acknowledged a failure in the
current program procedures.
The Radar display is frozen. The following Pop- Up window appears.
Figure 2-39
Picture freeze alarm
If this situation recurs please call service.
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2.11.2
Alarm Messages
The following ALARM table shows all possible alarm indications and first
proposal how to handle an ALARM message.
ALARM MESSAGE
a) Problem Description
b) Corrective Action
ANTENNA DOWNLINK
ERROR
(DOWN LINK ERROR
ALARM)
a) Antenna System is disturbed. An error
has occurred on the transceiver to the
display link.
ANTENNA SAFETY
(ANTENNA SAFETY
ALARM)
a) The antenna switch has been switched
to OFF.
ANTENNA STOPPED
a) Antenna System is disturbed.
A signal from the transceiver/adapter
interface which indicates that the
antenna is not rotating.
b) Refer to maintenance section for
troubleshooting and repair.
b) Check the situation (chapter 2.12).
b) Refer to the maintenance section for
troubleshooting and repair.
Call Service.
ANTENNA UPLINK ERROR
(UP LINK ERROR)
a) An error has occurred on the display to
the transceiver link.
b) Start the Radar System again.
Refer to the maintenance section for
troubleshooting and repair.
Call Service
CAN BUS ERROR
(Radar Transceiver CAN
BUS ERROR ALARM)
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a) External alarm from Radar Transceiver.
b) Call Service.
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ALARM MESSAGE
a) Problem Description
b) Corrective Action
CPA TCPA BY xx TARGET
(S)
(CLOSEST POINT OF
APPROACH or TIME TO
CLOSEST POINT OF
APPROACH)
a) ARPA/AIS Alarm.
Track will pass inside CPA limit.
FAST ANTENNA
(FAST ANTENNA ALARM)
a) Antenna System is disturbed.
The antenna rotation is incorrect.
b) Check the situation.
b) Start the Radar System again.
Refer to the maintenance section for
troubleshooting and repair.
Call Service.
FAILED TO OPEN CAN
PORT
a) Internal failure.
GUARD ZONE INTRUSION
BY xx TARGET (xx)
a) ARPA/AIS Alarm.
b) Start the Radar System again.
Call Service.
b) Tracks already acquired have moved
into an area under watch.
c) See chapter 2.6.1.
NO ACP/APR
(ACP Azimuth Commit Point)
(APR Azimuth Reset Point)
a) The radar transceiver has detected that
azimuth commit point (ACP) or azimuth
reset pulses (ARP) are missing. This
prevents correct alignment of the
antenna.
b) Refer to the maintenance section for
troubleshooting and repair.
Call Service
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ALARM MESSAGE
a) Problem Description
b) Corrective Action
NOT TRANSMITTING
a) The Radar transceiver receives transmit
commands but is not transmitting
because of an internal error (e.g.
electrical failure).
b) Refer to the maintenance section for
troubleshooting and repair.
Call Service.
NO TRIGGER
a) Radar probably not transmitted.
b) Start the Radar System again.
Refer to the maintenance section for
troubleshooting and repair.
Call Service.
PMU RX ERROR
a) The performance monitor detected
reduced sensitivity of the Radar receiver.
b) Refer to the maintenance section for
troubleshooting and repair (Tune the
receiver).
Call Service.
RADAR CONTROL
CALLBACK
(MK2 Transceiver)
a) External alarm from Transceiver no
connection between computer and
transceiver.
b) Call Service.
RDP FAILURE
(RID FAILURE ALARM)
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a) Internal software process is disturbed.
b) Start the Radar System again.
Refer to the maintenance section for
troubleshooting and repair.
Call Service.
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ALARM MESSAGE
a) Problem Description
b) Corrective Action
SLOW ANTENNA
a) Antenna System is disturbed.
A signal from transceiver/adaptive
interface which indicates the antenna is
not rotating at the correct RPM.
b) Start the Radar System again.
Refer to the maintenance section for
troubleshooting and repair.
Call Service
SYSTEM UNSTABILIZED
(SYSTEM UNSTABILIZED
ALARM)
a) Course information has become
inoperative. Indicates that an invalid
signal has been received.
b) Check the Gyro Compass information in
the Navigational System.
Start the Radar System again.
Refer to the maintenance section for
troubleshooting and repair.
Call Service.
TRANSCEIVER
PROTOCOL VERSION
MISMATCH.
TRANSCEIVER VERSION:
>>VERSION<<
a) The Communication protocol version of
the Radar transceiver does not match
the protocol version expected by the
Synapsis Radar software.
TN INDICATOR ERROR
(Radar Transceiver TN
INDICATOR ER- ROR
ALARM)
TN Tune
a) External alarm from Radar Transceiver.
VIDEO TRANSFER
a) External alarm from Transceiver no
connection between computer and
transceiver
b) The Synapsis Radar software has to be
updated. Call Service.
b) Start the Radar System again.
Refer to the maintenance section for
troubleshooting and repair.
Call Service.
b) Call Service.
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ALARM MESSAGE
a) Problem Description
b) Corrective Action
XCVR HIGH/LOW TEMP
(XCVR HIGH/LOW TEMP
ALARM)
a) Antenna System is disturbed.
A signal has been received from the
transceiver indicating that excessive
temperatures are occurring.
b) Start the Radar System again.
Refer to the maintenance section for
troubleshooting and repair.
Call Service.
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2.11.3
Warning Messages
Warnings are not immediately dangerous, but may become so.
As long as there is no active or unacknowledged alarm, a current warning is
displayed in the top line of the list in ORANGE.
−
−
−
The warning text is displayed in ORANGE.
Unacknowledged warnings are flashing.
An acoustic signal is released with the warning (two sounds)
The following WARNING table shows all possible warning indications and first
proposal how to handle a WARNING message.
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WARING MESSAGE
a) Problem Description
b) Corrective Action
LOST REFERENCE
TARGET
a) The Radar System lost the tracked fixed
target (Reference Target).
b) Check the situation and look for a new
suitable fixed target (buoy, lighthouse),
(chapter 2.5.2.6).
LOST ARPA TARGET
a) The Radar System lost the ARPA Target
b) Check the situation, check the
Acquisition zone (chapter 2.6)
LOST AIS TARGET
a) The Radar System lost the AIS Target.
b) Check the situation, the AIS Target is
outside the received area.
MAX AUTO ARPA
TARGETS
a) The Radar automatically acquires more
than 40 targets.
b) Check the situation, check the
Acquisition zone (chapter 2.6)
MAX MAN ARPA TARGETS
a) The Radar manually acquires more than
40 targets.
b) Check the situation, delete innocuous
targets.
Xx NEW ARPA TARGET(S)
a) The Radar automatically acquires a new
target.
b) Check the situation.
NEW AIS TARGET
a) The AIS transponder acquires a new AIS
target.
b) Check the situation.
FIX ACTIVE: MAP
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a) Manual MAP Offset
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WARING MESSAGE
a) Problem Description
b) Corrective Action
FIX ACTIVE: SENC
a) Manual SENC Offset
FIX ACTIVE: CHART
a) Manual CHART Offset
PMU TX POWER LOW
a) Transmit power reduced by at least 3dB.
b) Refer to the maintenance section
troubleshooting and repair (change the
Magnetron).
Call Service.
REACHING MAX AUTO
ARPA TARGETS
a) The Radar System automatically
acquired 38 targets.
REACHING MAX MAN
ARPA TARGETS
a) The Operator manually acquired 38
targets.
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2.12
Working Around the Radar Antenna
BEFORE STARTING THE WORK
Operator controls
Task
Switching the Radar OFF.
Using the trackball, place the cursor TX soft button and
press the button.
The name of the soft button changes to STBY and is
highlighted.
Select the EXIT RADAR soft button for opening the Utility
Selections. The Utility Selections depend on the Radar
application system integration.
Select System Shutdown in the Utility Selections window.
On the Radar Pedestal,
switch the SAFTEY SWITCH to OFF (middle switch
setting “0”).
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Operator controls
Task
Place a note on the Radar Display with the following
information.
DON’T START THE RADAR!
PEOPLE ARE WORKING NEARBY THE RADAR
ANTENNA
TIME:…………………..
DATE:………………….
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FINISHING THE WORK
Operator controls
Task
On the Radar Pedestal,
switch the SAFTEY SWITCH to ON (upper switch setting
“1”).
Remove the safety note.
Turn Power ON
Switching the Radar ON.
Using the trackball, place the cursor on the STBY soft
button and press the button.
The name of the soft button changes to TX and is
highlighted.
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Theory of Operation
This chapter gives additional information about Radar operation and functions.
It explains terminology and describes a number of effects which have influence
on Radar performance and have to be considered by the operator.
A Radar uses a very high frequency radio wave (microwave) which has similar
properties to those of light regarding straightness and uniform velocity. The
Radar antenna radiates the fan shape fine microwave (fan beam) to the target
just as a search light throws the light beam to the target, and the reflected
microwave from the target returns to the antenna.
The Radar does not use an continuous wave but radiates the wave for a very
short period (approx. 10-6 to 10-8 second .... called pulse) to measure the time
from when the wave is radiated till the reflected wave returns to the antenna. In
addition, with rotation of the antenna at a constant speed, the fan shape radio
wave radiated from the antenna scans around 360̊ - with the antenna at its
center - in order to detect the object.
3.1
Radar Plotting Terminology
•
Bearing (AZIMUTH)
The horizontal direction of one point from another point, expressed as
the angle in the horizontal plane between a reference line and the
horizontal projection of the line joining the two points.
−
−
TRUE Bearing > Reference is true north
RELATIVE Bearing > Reference is own ship’s heading
•
Target Speed
−
−
TRUE > Actual speed made good by target.
RELATIVE > In relation to own ship’s movement
•
Target Course
−
−
TRUE > Direction of target movement referenced to true north.
RELATIVE > Direction of target movement referenced to own ship bow.
•
Closest Point of Approach (CPA)
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The point at which a target will be closest to own ship
•
Time to Closest Point of Approach (TCPA)
The time remaining to CPA, based on current own ship speed.
•
Potential Collision Point (PCP)
The point at which a collision would take place if the target vessel
maintains present course and speed, and own ship maintains present
speed and if own ship were to choose to steer a collision course now.
•
Radar Video presentation
Relative Motion (RM)
In this mode, the Radar shows the motion of a target relative to the
motion of own ship, own ship is fixed on the screen. Targets move on
the screen. Relative Motion can be with True Trails RM (T) or
Relative Trails RM (R)
True Motion (TM)
In this mode, the actual or true motion of a target and own ship, i.e.
land masses or non- moving targets are fixed on the screen while
targets with actual motion and own ship move on the screen (similar
to plotting chart). True Motion can be with True Trails TM (T) or
Relative Trails TM (R).
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Figure 3-1
Relative Motion (T) / Relative Motion (R)
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Figure 3-2
True Motion (T) / True Motion (R)
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•
Vectors
Relative Vector
Line drawn on screen to indicate calculated relative course and speed
of targets.
True Vector
Line drawn on screen to indicate calculated true course and speed of
targets.
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3.2
Radar Pattern Interpretation
The Radar displays a chart- like picture (PPI) on TFT under normal conditions.
Under certain conditions, however, various false echoes are generated, and
small targets are hidden by rain, snow or sea waves. To correctly interpret targets and patterns which appear on the TFT requires considerable experience.
Compare patterns that appear on the Radar image to the actual topography to
acquire experience as far as possible.
3.2.1
Range
The detectable range depends on the antenna height and height of targets.
Sometimes, however, the Radar detectable range is longer due to refraction of
the wave beam according to weather conditions.
The radio wave is obstructed by mountains and hills, forming a shadow behind
these objects.
H1
H2
D = 2 (√ H1 + √ H2)
D[Nm]
H[m]
Figure 3-3
Detectable Range
Examples:
A big ship with 25 m antenna high can detect a 4 m high small ship in up to 14
NM distance.
A big ship with 25 m antenna high can detect a 25 m high ship in up to 20 NM.
A big ship with 25 m antenna height can detect a 100 m high coast in up to 30
NM.
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3.2.1.1
Sea Clutter, Rain Clutter
The Radar wave is reflected by waves, clouds, rain and snow. This is displayed
as a bright noise which clutters the Radar Video and may hide targets When
this happens, adjust GAIN, SEA (sea clutter), RAIN (rain and snow clutter)
controls to assist in the detection of targets.
Then adjust FTC.
Take note that ordinary visible targets cannot be seen in heavy rain and snow
(Figure 3-4).
Without Rain, Snow Clutter
Control
Figure 3-4
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Pattern interpretation
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3.2.1.2
Interference Effect
Under certain conditions (e.g. if the interference is nearly synchronous with the
own transmit pulse), the transmitted electromagnetic waves of Radar systems
from other ships can lead to interferences with own Radar. In that unlikely case
slowly moving spotters or spirals can be observed on the PPI.
The Radar processing removes these interferences automatically if IR ON is
activated (Figure 3-5). However that filter can have a negative effect when
detecting SART’s.
IR OFF
Figure 3-5
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IR ON
Interference selection IR ON / OFF
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3.2.1.3
Side Lobe Effect
In short ranges, not only the main lobe of the Radar is reflected by ships nearby
but in some cases also the side lobes are reflected.
This leads to false echoes, which are all at same distance, but different
bearings.
Multiple reception effect.
If a strong echo reflected from a large object at short range is reflected several
times between the object and own ship, false echoes are displayed at positions
of 1, 2, 3 or more times the distance of the actual position. A is the actual echo,
B and C are false echoes, and D and E are side lobe echoes (Figure 3-6).
These echoes can easily be identified because these echoes can be reduced
by adjustment of GAIN, SEA controls.
Side lobe effects
Multiple reception
Main lobe
Side
lobe
Figure 3-6
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Side
lobe
Side lobe and multiple reception false echoes
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3.2.1.4
Second trace false echo
The second trace false echo appears when the signal is received at the next
pulse repetition period after it was reflected by a high mountain or similar object
in long distance. Therefore, the position in which it appears is identified by
subtracting distance corresponding to the pulse repetition interval from the
actual distance. Assuming the pulse period is 1000 μs and the range scale is
adjusted tor 12 NM, the pulse reflected from a target 80 NM away returns after
1000 μs. Targets lying at a distance of beyond (80 NM + 12 NM=) 92 NM,
therefore, can generate second trace false echoes.
A target in 83 NM distance may generate an echo on the Radar display at 3 NM
(Figure 3-7).
Transmit pulse
Range
scale 12
NM
Figure 3-7
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Pulse period
1/pulse repetition frequency
with 1000/s approx. 80 NM
Transmit pulse
Range
scale 3 NM
Second trace false echo
Echo from
transmit pulse
Second Trace False Echo Effect
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It often appears that the radio wave propagation is abnormal (duct effect), when
the object is a very large mountain. If the signal reception level, however, is
small and the transmitted pulse intervals are slightly changed, then a long
cloudy form echo appears as shown in the figure, and can easily be identified.
If it is difficult to identify, reduce the receiver gain (GAIN) slightly. In rare cases,
the guard ring alarm goes off. In this case, check and observe the video
echoes, and reduce the receiver gain, and in case of medium range scale (3, 6,
12 Nm) switch to LONG PULSE or to 24 Nm range scale (Figure 3-9).
Radar range
Out of range
Second trace false echo
Second trace false echo
Atmosphere
Second trace false echo
Figure 3-8
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Second Trace False Echo, Duct Effect
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3.2.1.5
Abnormal Atmospheric Conditions
Under certain abnormal atmospheric conditions, the Radar wave can be
reflected at higher layers in the atmosphere. This leads to wrong
measurements in long distances.
Invisible range
Visible range
Atmosphere
Figure 3-9
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Atmospheric Condition
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3.3
Vector Presentation
3.3.1
True Vector Mode
True vector mode displays the true movement of all targets with true course
and true speed.
The actual speed and course of own ship and two targets are such that target 1
will eventually collide with own ship, and the target 2 will pass well behind own
ship. In TRUE vector mode, tracked targets which are standing still (such as
target 3) do not display a vector.
Figure 3-10
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True Vector Mode
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3.3.2
Relative Vector Mode
Relative vector mode shows how targets move in relation to own ship.
All ships that have relative vectors pointing to my own ship are dangerous
targets.
Figure 3-11
Relative Vector Mode
When the same situation is displayed in RELATIVE vector mode, target 1 is
gradually closing with own ship and it is apparent that target 2 indicates no
threat as long as neither own ship nor target changed their headings.
The stationary target 3 does not move at all. Its relative vector is exactly
opposite to own ship’s vector.
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3.4
Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA)
The purpose of an Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) is to interpret Radar
information continuously and to display the results so that watch officers may
quickly assess and react to potential danger. The performance specification of
the International Maritime Organization (IMO) requires the ARPA plotting
reliability to be as good as manual plotting techniques. The NSC meets and
exceeds these minimum requirements to provide a greater margin of safety.
The first requirement of safety is to maintain surveillance of traffic and
navigation hazards. The ARPA will plot up to 40 automatically and 40 manually
acquired (Plot) targets.
For any targets being plotted, the ARPA continuously displays vectors
indicating speed and course. Based on preset conditions the ARPA determines
if the possibility for collision exists.
When a potentially dangerous target is detected, warnings are given and
information detailed on the target is displayed.
If the watch officer determines that an avoidance maneuver is required, the
ARPA trial maneuver mode can assist in the planning. When a maneuver is
actually made, the ARPA continuously displays the effect on all plotted targets
during and after the course change.
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3.4.1
Sensor Errors
The performance of ARPA depends on the quality of the sensor information
which is processed. The Radar is the sensor which measures target range and
bearing relative to own ship. The gyro compass measures the heading of the
own ship relative to north. The speed log measures the motion of own ship
relative to the water or bottom.
3.4.1.1
Gyro Compass
A precise Gyro Compass heading is an important condition for accurate target
tracking and ARPA information. The Radar user should be aware that Gyro
Compasses may have errors (speed error and acceleration error). These errors
can degrade the accuracy of target results (ARPA INFO).
Raytheon Gyro Compasses have automatic error correction and supply true
heading to Radars.
This may not be the case for other Gyro Compass models.
If Gyro Compass heading input is interrupted, the Radar will give alarm.
3.4.1.2
Speed Log
A precise speed input from the log is an important condition for accurate target
tracking and ARPA INFO. The Radar user should be aware that speed outputs
of logs may be temporarily unstable for various reasons. This may degrade the
accuracy tracking results (ARPA INFO).
If speed input is interrupted, the Radar will give alarm.
3.4.1.3
Plotting
Plotting is started by positioning the trackball cursor over the desired target
echo. When the soft button is pressed the Radar acquires the target.
When a target becomes too weak or too large and is identified by the ARPA as
a LOST TARGET, two options are available:
(1) CANCEL Option: As a warning, a flashing symbol marks the last
position of the target. The ARPA attempts the target by increasing the
window size.
It coasts for five scans (antenna rotations) and if the target is not located
in the enlarged window, the plot is cancelled.
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(2) COAST Option: The lost target data is not automatically cancelled but
rather is “coasted “ and the flashing LOST TARGET symbol marks the
last position of the target. To delete the LOST TARGET symbol, track,
and target data, a manual cancel operation must be done.
CAUTION
If the target gets close to another target, the two targets
cannot be discriminated and tracking may resume on these
signals.
The operator should investigate all ARPA Alarms.
If a plot acquisition is attempted on a target close to
another plot, the new plot will be refused.
To determine accurate ARPA results, a number of past positions have to be
recorded. After acquiring a close target, the processor takes about a minute to
record enough position data to get a good, accurate speed.
More time could be required for targets more than eight miles away.
For accurate target data, accurate own ships course and
speed are required, particularly during course changes.
Sensor errors in own ships course and speed will cause
equal errors in target data. Manual speed entries can be
used, but for best performance an accurate speed log is
recommended.
A Ground Reference mode is provided to improve speed
measurements. A small, fixed, stable target is plotted to
give a zero speed reference. Target positions and own
ships position may be referred to the Reference Target.
The use of a suitable reference target will improve motion
stabilization and target data.
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3.4.2
Collision Assessment (Surveillance)
Once the true velocities of own ship and targets are established (within one
minute of acquisition), it is valid to interpret displayed information for collision
assessment. TRUE and RELATIVE VECTORS are available to present target
velocities.
The NSC provides two additional surveillance features to aid in rapid
assessment of collisions potential in congested situations. When displaying
TRUE VECTORS, the operator may choose to display Potential Collision Points
(PCPs). The appearance of one or more of these symbols, on or near own
ship’s heading line, immediately signals collision potential. When displaying
RELATIVE VECTORS, the operator may choose to display all CPAs within the
set CPA limit, plus one mile of own ship whose TCPA is less than 30 minutes.
The appearance of one or more of these symbols near own ship’s current
position immediately signals collisions potential.
3.4.2.1
Accuracy of Collision Assessment
The position of PCP and CPA are the key parameter in collision assessment
and of vital importance. Both are calculated from knowledge of present position
and velocities of targets and own ship.
3.4.2.2
Displaying of CPAs
CPA is the Closest Point of Approach for any target vessel if both the target
vessel and own ship maintain course and speed. The calculated CPA will
match the actual CPA only if the present course and speed of the target vessel
has been maintained long enough for the target velocity filters to settle. The
ARPA specification allows up to three minutes for this purpose. The Radar
accomplishes this in one minute.
Furthermore, if own ship’s speed-log has no smoothing or delay in its readings,
the NSC will produce an accurate CPA even as own ship comes to a new
course and/or speed (target not maneuvering). CPA and TCPA are calculated
for all targets, once for each revolution of the Radar antenna (approximately
two seconds for Raytheon Radars).
CPA symbols will be displayed if:
(1) the operator selects the CPA/PCP display button on the collisions
assessment menu page and
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(2) RELATIVE vector mode is selected and
(3) the CPA symbols are located within the bearing scale and
(4) display is stabilized and
(5) symbol display state is ON and
(6) “ARPA DATA” display state is ON
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3.5
Keep the Following Points in Mind when Operating the NAUTOSCAN NX
• Radar Video
The Radar video display area is updated from a memory. The memory is
updated as the antenna scans. The Radar picture is signal processed
from previous scan of the antenna. This process is called scan-to scan
correlation. Three scans are required to integrate a target to full
brightness. It should be noted that while in head up, the scan integration
process is removed and all targets including clutter are displayed at full
brightness.
Anti-clutter filter ON/OFF
In case of heavy clutter developing on the Radar video, the NSC
computer creates a profile of the echo. Within this profile, the received
echoes are monitored for a certain period (Scan-to-scan method).
Irregular echoes are suppressed on the Radar video. Regular echoes
are indicated on the Radar video.
If Anti-clutter filter is ON, the following effect can happen:
Fast acquired targets (> 100KN) can be lost.
Moved acquired targets can be displayed smaller on the PPI.
•
Sensitivity Controls
When the sensitivity controls are used, the operator must wait for three
scans to see the final result. The Radar picture will “build” until targets
are displayed at a bright level. Receiver noise and in most cases, clutter,
will not be integrated and will appear dim when the controls are properly
set. Adjust the controls in small increments.
•
Radar Detectability
The processing of three scans of Radar data results in greater Radar
detectability. Targets which otherwise would be in noise now stand out
clearly. Greater Radar detectability could occasionally cause reflections
and other undesired echoes to appear as strong returns. Use the
sensitivity controls to achieve a suitable presentation.
•
Best Clutter/Interface Rejection
The best clutter/interference rejection will occur when accurate speed
(log) and gyro information is used to stabilize the Radar display. Use the
Sea and Rain controls to suppress clutter and leave targets at a bright
level.
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Index
Additional documentations ................... XIII
AIS FILT RNG .................................. 2-147
AIS FILTER ...................................... 2-146
AIS targets ....................................... 2-126
ALARM table .................................... 2-221
Alert Management System ............... 2-117
Antenna Offset ................................... 2-68
Anti-clutter filter .................................. 3-20
artificial symbols ............................... 2-130
Atmospheric Condition ....................... 3-12
AUTO mode ....................................... 2-45
Automatic Activation ......................... 2-146
Automatic Radar Plotting Aid ...... XIV, 3-15
Automatically acquisition of dangerous,
sleeping AIS targets ...................... 2-146
Backlight Menu ................................. 2-187
BASE POINT............................. 2-74, 2-99
Basic Settings ...................................... 1-1
Bottom Track .................................... 2-110
broadband ............................................ 1-8
Categories of Ship ................................ 1-7
CCRS ............................................... 2-107
Center ................................................ 2-71
Chart Radar........................................ 1-12
chart underlay .................................. 2-204
COAST Option ................................... 3-17
COLLISION AVOIDANCE .................... 1-2
Context Menu ..................................... 2-14
Course UP.......................................... 2-62
CPA.................................................. 2-137
cursor information area..................... 2-104
Cursor Symbols .................................... 2-4
Detectable Range................................. 3-6
Display organization ........................... 2-29
Double or multiple systems ................ 1-10
DUAL AXIS LOG sensor .................. 2-110
Duct Effect.......................................... 3-11
EBL3 / VRM3 Example ..................... 2-103
echo expansion .................................. 2-53
Electronic bearing lines ...................... 2-74
false echoes ......................................... 3-9
Edition Dec 2014
FTC.................................................... 2-46
GAIN .................................................. 2-42
Global settings ................................... 2-16
good target reception ......................... 2-41
Head UP ............................................ 2-62
High Speed Gyro Sensor ..................... 1-4
High Speed Radar ............................... 1-4
horizontal direction ............................... 3-1
IEC 62288 edition 1 ......................... 2-108
IEC 62288 edition 2 ......................... 2-108
IMO ...................................................... 1-7
index lines .......................................... 2-84
Interference selection ........................... 3-8
LAN.................................................... 1-10
Lost Alarm Range ............................ 2-141
MANual TUNE ................................... 2-41
Manually acquisition of sleeping AIS
targets .......................................... 2-146
Map index lines .................................. 2-83
MAPS ................................................ 2-77
Master control .................................... 2-22
MFC Switcher .................................... 2-17
microwaves radiated ............................ 1-5
Multifunction System .......................... 1-12
Multiple reception effect ....................... 3-9
Navigational Elements ....................... 2-75
North UP ............................................ 2-62
Off Center .......................................... 2-71
Operator Controls ................................ 2-8
Overview range and rings .................. 2-69
OWNSHIP FIXED .............................. 2-99
Parallel index lines .................... 2-74, 2-92
Past position information .................. 2-115
PAST Position INTervals.................. 2-114
Pattern interpretation ........................... 3-7
POSITION FIXED .............................. 2-99
Potential collision points ................... 2-132
pulse width ......................................... 2-50
Radar components............................... 2-1
RADAR FIX effect .............................. 2-87
Radar Information Panel .................. 2-106
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Small targets ...................................... 2-43
soft button functions ........................... 2-10
Standards ............................................... X
sum-alarms ...................................... 2-119
system configuration .......................... 2-20
target association ............................. 2-162
TCPA ............................................... 2-137
Test Alert ......................................... 2-198
Test scenario ................................... 2-189
TGT INFO ........................................ 2-124
Trackball .............................................. 2-2
TRADITIONAL symbols ................... 2-210
trial manoeuvre ................................ 2-211
True marks......................................... 2-78
True Motion........................................ 2-59
true TRAILS ....................................... 2-58
True vectors ..................................... 2-112
USB port ............................................ 2-19
User Settings ................................... 2-121
UTC ................................................. 2-116
Utility Selection .................................. 2-20
variable range markers ...................... 2-74
video performance ............................. 2-40
watchdog timer .................................. 2-27
Water Track ..................................... 2-110
Radar Operator Panel .......................... 2-5
Radar Utility selector .......................... 2-26
rain clutter .......................................... 2-44
Reduced Radar Functions .................. 2-65
Reduced Video Display ...................... 2-68
Relative Motion .................................. 2-55
Relative trails ...................................... 2-57
Relative vectors ................................ 2-112
Remote Panel .................................... 2-19
Repeater UP ...................................... 2-62
Rhumb line ....................................... 2-199
SART ................................................. 2-47
saved MAP ......................................... 2-91
Scan to Scan ...................................... 2-40
sea clutter........................................... 2-43
Sea control ......................................... 2-43
Sea Scout......................................... 2-215
second trace false .............................. 3-10
sensitivity controls .............................. 2-40
sensor quality ..................................... 2-10
set to operation .................................. 2-20
ships heading marker ......................... 2-54
SIMPLIFIED symbols ....................... 2-210
Single System ...................................... 1-8
Slave control ...................................... 2-23
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