Robert Bosch FM4 Telemetry Radio Modem User Manual 3AS UserGuide Version20

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SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
IMPORTANT NOTICE
All rights to this manual are owned solely by SATEL OY (later called also SATEL). All rights
reserved. The copying of this manual without the written permission from the owner of the rights
by printing, copying, recording or by any other means or the full or partial translation of the
manual to any other language including all programming languages using any electrical,
mechanical, magnetic, optical, manual or other methods or devices is forbidden.
SATEL reserves the right to change the technical specifications or functions of its products or to
discontinue the manufacture of any of its products or to discontinue the support of any of its
products without any written announcement and urges its customers to ensure, that the
information at their disposal is valid.
SATEL software and programs are delivered ”as is”. The manufacturer does not grant any kind
of warranty including guarantees on saleability and guarantees pertaining to applicability to a
certain application. Under no circumstances is the manufacturer or the developer of a program
responsible for any possible damages caused by the use of a program. The names of the
programs as well as all copyrights relating to the programs are the sole property of SATEL. Any
transfer, licensing to a third party, leasing, renting, transportation, copying, editing, translating,
modifying into another programming language or reverse engineering for any intent is forbidden
without the written consent of SATEL.
SATEL PRODUCTS HAVE NOT BEEN DESIGNED, INTENDED NOR INSPECTED TO BE USED
IN ANY LIFE SUPPORT RELATED DEVICE OR SYSTEM RELATED FUNCTION NOR AS A PART
OF ANY OTHER CRITICAL SYSTEM AND ARE GRANTED NO FUNCTIONAL WARRANTY IF
THEY ARE USED IN ANY OF THE APPLICATIONS MENTIONED.
Salo, FINLAND 2000
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
RESTRICTIONS ON USE
SATELLINE-3AS (d) radio modems have been designed to operate on frequency ranges, the
exact use of which differs from one region and/or country to another. The user of a radio
modem must take care that the said device is not operated without the permission of the local
authorities on frequencies other than those specifically reserved and intended for use without a
specific permit. For this reason, the notice mark has been attached to the radio modem.
The model SATELLINE-3AS(d) 869 MHz is designed to operate on the licence free frequency
band of 869.400 – 869.650 MHz according to recommendation CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03. This
recommendation has been drawn up by the European Radiocommunications Committee (ERC)
under CEPT. The transmit/receive duty cycle of the individual unit is limited to 10% on this band,
and a single transmission period must not exceed 36 s. In addition, the maximum allowed
radiated output power is 500 mWERP.
WARNING! Users of SATELLINE-3AS (d) radio modem in North America should be aware, that
due to the allocation of the frequency band 406.0 – 406.1 MHz for government use only, the
use of radio modem on this frequency band without a proper permit is strictly forbidden.
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
WARRANTY AND SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
Read these safety instructions carefully before using the product:
•
Warranty will be void, if the product is used in any way, which is in contradiction with the
instructions given in this manual, or if the housing of the radio modem has been opened or
tampered with.
•
The radio modem is to be used only on frequencies allocated by local authorities and
without exceeding the given maximum allowed output power ratings. SATEL is not
responsible, if any products manufactured by it are used in unlawful ways.
•
The devices mentioned in this manual are to be used only according to the instructions
described in this manual. Faultless and safe operation of the devices can be guaranteed only
if the transport, storage, operation and handling of the devices is appropriate. This also
applies to the maintenance of the products.
•
To prevent damage both the radio modem and any terminal devices must always be
switched OFF before connecting or disconnecting the serial connection cable. It should be
ascertained that different devices used have the same ground potential. Before connecting
any power cables the output voltage of the power supply should be checked.
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
TABLE OF CONTENTS
IMPORTNT NOTICE............................................................................................. 1
RESTRICTIONS ON USE....................................................................................... 2
WARRANTY AND SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS ........................................................... 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................... 4
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 8
SATELLINE-3AS AND SATELLINE-3ASD RADIO DATA MODEMS................. 10
1.1
SATELLINE-3AS Technical specifications (380...470 MHz)....................... 10
1.2
SATELLINE-3AS Technical specifications (869 MHz) ............................... 11
1.3
SATELLINE-3ASd EPIC Technical specifications (400...470 Mhz) ............. 12
1.4
1.4.1
Basic configuration and installation ...................................................... 13
Basic configuration............................................................................................ 13
CONNECTIONS ......................................................................................... 15
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
D15-connector functions ........................................................................ 15
Pin configuration ............................................................................................... 16
RS-232 -Interface .............................................................................................. 17
RS-422 -Interface .............................................................................................. 18
RS-485 -Interface .............................................................................................. 19
Termination....................................................................................................... 19
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
RF Interface ........................................................................................... 19
Transmitter........................................................................................................ 20
Receiver............................................................................................................ 21
RSSI-signal ........................................................................................................ 21
Error correction ................................................................................................. 22
Error checking................................................................................................... 22
USER INTERFACE....................................................................................... 23
3.1
LED-indicators ....................................................................................... 23
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
Configuration mode............................................................................... 23
Changing the settings ........................................................................................ 24
Restoring factory settings.................................................................................... 25
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
3.3
Display and push buttons (SATELLINE-3ASd)......................................... 25
TRANSPARENT DATA TRANSMISSION....................................................... 27
4.1
RS-Interface, data format ...................................................................... 27
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
Handshake lines ................................................................................... 28
CTS-line............................................................................................................ 28
CD-line............................................................................................................. 28
RTS-line ............................................................................................................ 29
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
Timing and delays during data transmission ........................................ 29
Data buffering in the radio data modem............................................................. 29
Optional start delay in transmit mode................................................................. 30
4.4
Tests …………………………………………………………………………………….30
REPEATER MODE AND ADDRESSESING ..................................................... 31
5.1
Repeater................................................................................................ 31
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
Addressing ............................................................................................ 32
Connection between two points.......................................................................... 34
System of one base station and several substations ............................................. 34
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
Using repeaters and addresses in the same system.............................. 35
System with several repeaters ............................................................................. 35
Repeater chain using address pairs .................................................................... 36
Repeater chain using dual addressing ................................................................ 37
MESSAGE ROUTING ................................................................................. 38
6.1
6.1.1
6.1.2
Introduction ........................................................................................... 38
Advantages of routing........................................................................................ 38
SaTerm (brief description) .................................................................................. 39
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
Operating modes of message routing ................................................... 39
Source mode .................................................................................................... 40
Virtual mode ..................................................................................................... 40
Protocol configuration ....................................................................................... 40
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4
Detailed description of routing operation ............................................. 41
Source mode .................................................................................................... 41
Virtual mode ..................................................................................................... 42
Overhop function in Source mode...................................................................... 43
Network ID ....................................................................................................... 44
6.4
Example of expanding the network coverage by using message routing
…………………………………………………………………………………………….45
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.4.3
Designing the network using SaTerm .................................................................. 45
Adding a mobile station..................................................................................... 47
Transferring the settings to radio data modems .................................................. 47
DIVERSITY RECEIVER (ONLY SATELLINE-3AS EPIC) .................................... 48
7.1
Multipath fading.................................................................................... 48
7.2
Antenna installation.............................................................................. 49
SETTINGS ................................................................................................. 50
8.1
Changing parameters using a terminal device ..................................... 50
8.1.1
Changing frequency (active radio channel frequency).......................................... 50
8.1.2
Changing radio settings (transmitter output power and receiver sensitivity)............ 52
8.1.3
Changing addressing settings (primary and secondary RX- and TX-addresses)....... 53
8.1.4
Changing serial port settings (Port
Port 1 and Port 2)
2 ................................................. 55
8.1.5
Modification of handshaking functions ............................................................... 58
8.1.6
Special functions ............................................................................................... 59
8.1.7
Modification of routing ...................................................................................... 60
8.1.8
Activating tests................................................................................................... 64
8.1.10
Saving modified settings into the permanent memory .......................................... 64
8.2
Changing parameters using the LCD-display ........................................ 65
8.2.1
Changing frequency (frequency of the active radio channel) ................................ 66
8.2.2
Changing radio settings (transmitter output power and receiver sensitivity)............ 68
8.2.3
Changing addressing ........................................................................................ 69
8.2.4
Changing serial port settings (Port
Port 1 and Port 2)
2 ................................................. 70
8.2.5
Modification of handshaking functions ............................................................... 71
8.2.6
Selecting special functions ................................................................................. 72
8.2.7
Activating tests................................................................................................... 72
8.2.8
Restoring factory settings.................................................................................... 73
8.2.9
Adjusting the contrast of the LCD-display............................................................ 73
8.2.10
Saving modified values into the internal memory................................................. 74
8.3
8.3.1
8.3.2
8.3.3
8.3.4
Changing parameters using the SL-COMMANDS .................................. 74
Frequency ......................................................................................................... 75
Addressing ........................................................................................................ 75
Other functions ................................................................................................. 76
SATELLINE-2ASx/2ASxE –compatible SL-commands ............................................ 76
INSTALLATION ......................................................................................... 77
9.1
Installation of a Radio Data Modem...................................................... 77
9.2
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3
Connection cables.................................................................................. 78
RS-232 -wiring .................................................................................................. 78
RS-422 -wiring .................................................................................................. 80
RS-485 wiring ................................................................................................... 81
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
9.2.4
Power supply..................................................................................................... 81
9.3
Antenna installation.............................................................................. 82
9.3.1
Hand-held equipment........................................................................................ 82
9.3.2
Mobile equipment ............................................................................................. 82
9.3.3
Base stations ..................................................................................................... 82
9.3.4 General antenna installation instructions ................................................................... 83
10
DESIGNING SYSTEMS ............................................................................... 86
10.1
Factors affecting the quality and distance of the radio connection........ 86
10.2
Radio field strength............................................................................... 87
10.3
Remarks concerning the 869 MHz frequency band ............................... 87
11
CHECK LIST ............................................................................................... 88
12
ACCESSORIES............................................................................................ 89
12.1
RS-232-cables and adapters ................................................................. 89
12.2
RS-485/422-cables and adapters .......................................................... 89
12.3
RF-cables ............................................................................................... 89
12.4
Antennas ............................................................................................... 90
12.5
Filters .................................................................................................... 90
12.6
Power supplies ...................................................................................... 90
12.7
Batteries ................................................................................................ 90
13
APPENDIX A ............................................................................................. 91
14
APPENDIX B ............................................................................................. 92
14.1
Functional delays................................................................................... 92
14.2 Transmission related delays.................................................................. 92
14.2.1
Transmission delays when using a 12,5 kHz radio channel.................................. 93
14.2.2
Transmission delays using a 25 kHz radio channel.............................................. 95
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
INTRODUCTION
SATEL OY is a Finnish electronics and Telecommunications Company specialised in the design
and manufacture of wireless data communication products. SATEL designs, manufactures and
sells radio modems intended for use in applications ranging from data transfer to alarm relaying
systems. End users of SATEL products are the industry, public organisations and private persons.
SATEL is the leading European manufacturer of radio modems. SATEL radio modems have been
certified in most European countries and also in many non-European countries.
The amount of data transferred using local area networks is increasing constantly. On the other
hand also the average size of a local area network is growing. SATEL has addressed these
market requirements by introducing the SATELLINE-3AS radio modem family, which is the first
SATEL manufactured radio modem to reach the wireless data transfer speed of 19,2 kbps. The
speed of the RS-interface is selectable between 300 … 38 400 bps.
In addition to increased data transfer speed the SATELLINE-3AS offers the user also other new
features. For the first time, built-in support is included for RS-422- and RS-485 -interfaces in
addition to the RS-232 -interface.
SATELLINE-3AS radio modem is also available as a model called the SATELLINE-3ASd, which
includes a built-in LCD-display. The display offers the user new features, e.g. field
programmability without a terminal device using a special mode (SET-UP-mode). The display
may also be used as an aid in testing the radio connection between radio modems.
SATELLINE-3AS facilitates the construction of large radio networks using the built-in routing function.
Routing is fully transparent to the user and can be used with most system protocols.
SATELLINE-3AS also offers the possibility to use an error correction function, which utilises the FECmethod (Forward Error Correction). FEC can be used to minimise errors caused by noisy channels.
SATELLINE-3AS radio modem has three (3) basic modes of operation: Data Transfer Mode,
Configuration Mode and Test Mode. The SATELLINE-3AS configuration settings are changed
using a PC as a terminal device via the RS-Interface. In the model with the built-in LCD-display
(SATELLINE-3ASd) the changing and programming of configuration settings can also be
performed without a PC using the built-in LCD-display and four (4) pushbuttons. In addition to
allowing easy configuration of settings, the LCD-display is useful for checking the integrity of the
radio connection.
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
•
SATELLINE-3AS radio modem largest data transfer speed is 19,2 kbps, channel spacing
selectable as 25 kHz or 12,5 kHz (defined at the time of ordering).
•
SATELLINE-3AS radio modem is compatible with RS-232, RS-422 and RS-485 –interface
standards.
•
SATELLINE-3ASd radio modem has a built-in LCD-display, which facilitates the changing of
settings without the need for an external terminal device (typically a PC).
•
SATELLINE-3AS radio modem software includes a special routing function, which simplifies
the construction of large networks.
•
SATELLINE-3AS/(d) radio modem software can be updated easily directly through the RSInterface of a PC.
•
SATELLINE-3AS radio modem software contains an optional error correction routine (FEC),
which improves the reliability of the radio interface under interference conditions.
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
SATELLINE-3AS AND SATELLINE-3ASD RADIO DATA MODEMS
1.1 SATELLINE-3AS Technical specifications (380...470 MHz)
SATELLINE-3AS and SATELLINE-3ASd (380…470 MHz) comply with the following international
standards: ETS 300 113 and EN 300 220-1 (radio requirements) and ETS 300 279 and ETS
300 683 (EMC-requirements).
RADIO TRANSCEIVER
Frequency Range
Channel Spacing
Number of Channels
Frequency Stability
Type of Emission
Communication Mode
380...470 MHz
12,5 kHz/25 kHz
160/80
< ± 1,5 kHz
F1D
Half-Duplex
RADIO TRANSMITTER
Carrier Power
Carrier Power Stability
Adjacent Channel Power
Spurious Radiation’s
10 mW...1 W / 50 Ω
+ 2 dB / - 3 dB
according to EN 300 220-1/ETS 300 113
according to EN 300 220-1/ETS 300 113
RADIO RECEIVER
Sensitivity
Common Channel Rejection
Adjacent Channel Selectivity
Intermodulation Attenuation
Spurious Radiation’s
- 116... –110 dBm (BER < 10 E-3) *
> - 12 dB
> 60 dB @ 12,5 kHz, > 70 dB @ 25 kHz
> 65 dB
< 2 nW
MODEM
Interface
Interface Connector
Data speed of RS-Interface
Data speed of Radio Interface
Data format
GENERAL
Operating Voltage
Power Consumption (average)
Operating Temperature Range
Antenna Connector
Housing
Size H x W x D
Installation Plate
Weight
RS-232 or RS-485, RS-422
D15, female
300 – 38400 bps
19200 bps (25 kHz channel)
9600 bps (12,5 kHz channel)
Asynchronous RS-232 or RS-422 or RS-485
+ 9 ...+ 30 VDC
1.7 VA (Receive)
5.5 VA (Transmit)
0.05 VA (in STAND-BY –mode)
-25 °C...+55 °C
TNC, 50 Ω, female
Aluminium enclosure
137 x 67 x 29 mm
130 x 63 x 1 mm
250 g
* Depending on Receiver settings, see Chapters 2.2.2, 8.1.2 and 8.2.2.
10
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
1.2 SATELLINE-3AS Technical specifications (869 MHz)
SATELLINE-3AS and SATELLINE-3ASd (869 MHz) comply with the following international
standards: EN 300 220-1 (radio requirements) and ETS 300 683 (EMC-requirements).
RADIO TRANSCEIVER
Frequency Range
Channel Spacing
Number of Channels
Frequency Stability
Type of Emission
Communication Mode
869,400 ... 869,650 MHz
25 kHz
10
< ± 2,5 kHz
F1D
Half-Duplex
RADIO TRANSMITTER
Carrier Power
Carrier Power Stability
Adjacent Channel Power
Spurious Radiation’s
10 mW...500 mW / 50 Ω
+ 2 dB / - 3 dB
according to EN 300 220-1
according to EN 300 220-1
RADIO RECEIVER
Sensitivity
Common Channel Rejection
Adjacent Channel Selectivity
Intermodulation Attenuation
Spurious Radiation’s
-113... -110 dBm (BER < 10 E-3) *
> - 12 dB
> 60 dB
> 60 dB
< 2 nW
MODEM
Interface
Interface Connector
Data speed of RS-Interface
Data speed of Radio Interface
Data format
GENERAL
Operating Voltage
Power Consumption (average)
Operating Temperature Range
Antenna Connector
Housing
Size H x W x D
Installation Plate
Weight
RS-232 or RS-485, RS-422
D15, female
300 – 38400 bps
19200 bps (25 kHz channel)
9600 bps (12,5 kHz channel)
Asynchronous RS-232 or RS-422 or RS-485
+ 9 ...+ 30 VDC
1.7 VA (Receive)
4.0 VA (Transmit)
0.05 VA (in STAND-BY –mode)
-25 °C...+55 °C
TNC, 50 Ω, female
Aluminium enclosure
137 x 67 x 29 mm
130 x 63 x 1 mm
250 g
* Depending on Receiver settings, see Chapters 2.2.2, 8.1.2 and 8.2.2.
11
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
1.3 SATELLINE-3ASd EPIC Technical specifications (400...470 MHz)
SATELLINE-3ASd EPIC (400…470 MHz) complies with the following international standards:
ETS 300 113 (radio requirements) and ETS 300 279 (EMC-requirements).
RADIO TRANSCEIVER
Frequency Range
Channel Spacing
Number of Channels
Frequency Stability
Type of Emission
Communication Mode
400...470 MHz
12,5 kHz/25 kHz
160/80
< ± 1,5 kHz
F1D
Half-Duplex
RADIO TRANSMITTER
Carrier Power
Carrier Power Stability
Adjacent Channel Power
Spurious Radiation’s
1W...10 W / 50 Ω
+ 2 dB / - 3 dB
according to ETS 300 113
according to ETS 300 113
RADIO RECEIVER
Sensitivity
Common Channel Rejection
Adjacent Channel Selectivity
Intermodulation Attenuation
Spurious Radiation’s
Diversity
- 116... -110 dBm (BER < 10 E-3) *
> - 12 dB
> 60 dB @ 12,5 kHz, > 70 dB @ 25 kHz
> 65 dB
< 2 nW
Positional diversity
MODEM
Interface
Interface Connector
Data speed of RS-Interface
Data speed of Radio Interface
Data format
GENERAL
Operating Voltage
Power Consumption (average)
Operating Temperature Range
Antenna Connector
Housing
Size H x W x D
Weight
RS-232 or RS-485, RS-422
D15, female
300 – 38400 bps
19200 bps (25 kHz channel)
9600 bps (12,5 kHz channel)
Asynchronous RS-232 or RS-422 or RS-485
+10...+30 VDC
3 VA (Receive)
25 VA (Transmit)
0.1 VA (in STAND-BY –mode)
-25 °C...+55 °C
TNC, 50 Ω, female
Aluminium enclosure
151 x 123 x 29 mm
550 g (without additional cooling parts)
* Depending on Receiver settings, see Chapters 2.2.2, 8.1.2 and 8.2.2.
12
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
1.4 Basic configuration and installation
1.4.1 Basic configuration
The radio modem is shipped with the following default settings (unless specifically ordered with
settings other than those listed below):
FIXED SETTINGS DEFINED AT THE TIME OF ORDER
Radio Frequency Range According to Customer Order, between 380–470 MHz or 869.5 MHz (1)
Channel Spacing
12,5 kHz or 25 kHz (2)
RS-Interface Type
RS-232 or RS-422 and RS-485
ADJUSTABLE SETTINGS
Radio Settings
Addressing
Serial Port 1
Serial Port 2
Handshaking
Additional settings
Routing
Tests
Message Routing
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
500 mW (3) / -110 dBm (25 kHz) or -112 dBm (12,5 kHz)
RX Address OFF / TX Address OFF
ON / 19200 / 8 bit data / None / 1 stop bit (4)
OFF / 19200 / 8 bit data / None / 1 stop bit (4)
CTS Clear to send / CD RSSI-threshold / RTS Ignored
Error Correction OFF / Error check OFF / Repeater OFF / SL-Commands OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
Taking into account the regulations set by local authorities.
869.5 MHz only available as 25 kHz version
SATELLINE-3AS EPIC 10W
At 12,5 kHz channel spacing the default data speed is 9600 bps.
Connect the power cables (+Vb and GND) to a power supply with an output voltage of 9 – 30
VDC and with a minimum output current of 1 A (in case of SATELLINE-3AS EPIC the minimum
output current or the power supply is 5A). Connect also the DTR–pin of the RS-connector to a
positive voltage. Detailed installation instructions can be found in Chapter 9.
If the DTR-pin is not connected, the radio modem will remain in STAND-BY mode and will
therefore not send or receive any data.
When creating a test connection, you can use the SaTerm terminal program, available for free
from authorised SATEL dealers or directly from SATEL Customer Support. You can also use the
HyperTerminal-program, which is included in most the Windows™ based operating system
packages, or almost any other terminal program. Basic settings for the serial port of the host
computer when using a terminal program to communicate with SATEL radio modems are as
follows: ”COM1, 19200 bps, 8-bit data, none parity, 1 stop bit”. If the serial port designated as
COM1 in the host computer is reserved, any other free serial port in the host computer can be
used (with the settings listed).
13
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
If you want to change the settings of a radio modem using the SET-UPmode of the radio
modem with the help of an external terminal, the terminal data speed must be 9600 bps.
Basic connection between a radio modem and the serial port COM1 (RS-232) of a PC is
depicted in the schematic below.
9-PIN D-CONN.
TD
RD
SGND
25-PIN D-CONN.
RADIO MODEM
TD
TD
RD
RD
SGND
SGND
DTR
Fuse 630 mA slow
+Vb
+Vb
GND
GND
11
14,15
7, 8
When using the SATELLINE-3AS EPIC model, the operating voltage must be connected to pins
14 AND 15, and the power supply ground to pins 7 AND 8, due to larger current consumption.
Fuse size is 4A (slow).
14
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
CONNECTIONS
2.1 D15-connector functions
The radio modem is referred to as DCE (Data Communication Equipment) whereas the PC is
referred to as DTE (Data Terminal Equipment). SATELLINE-3AS radio modem includes a 15-pin
‘D’-type female connector, which contains all the connections required to establish
communication between the radio modem, acting as the DCE, and the PC, acting as the DTE.
All EMC-requirements set forth by authorities have been taken into account in the design of the
radio modem. The user of the radio modem is thereby not required to take any special actions
regarding EMC-shielding (of the radio modem).
The radio modem contains two separate RS-ports, which are designated Port 1 and Port 2.
2 Only
one port at a time can be used for communication.
Port 1 complies always with the RS-232 –standard. Port 2 can comply either with the RS-232 or
RS-422 and RS-485 –standards. RS-422 and RS-485 differ only in the external connections.
Port 2 interface type (RS-232 or RS-485/422) is fixed at the factory at the time of manufacture
according to the customer order. It is not possible to change the interface type of port 2
afterwards.
NOTE!
WHEN THE MODE-PIN (PIN 12 OF THE D-CONNECTOR) IS CONNECTED TO
GROUND (CONFIGURATION MODE), THE RADIO MODEM IS IN THE SET-UP MODE
AND Port 1 (PINS 7,9,11) IS THEN IN USE! If you normally use Port 2 for data
transmission, the serial cable must be changed to a suitable type when switching over to
the configuration mode.
15
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
2.1.1 Pin configuration
D-15 female connector in the radio modem
Direction IN is data from DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) to the radio modem.
Direction OUT is data from the radio modem to the DTE.
PORT AND TYPE
PORT1, both models
PIN
11
13
DIRECTION
OUT
OUT
IN
IN
NAME
CTS
RD1
TD1
RTS
EXPLANATION
Receive data (Port1)
Transmit data (Port1)
PORT2 RS-232 –model
OUT
OUT
IN
OUT
CD
RD2
TD2
RSSI
Receive data (Port2)
Transmit data (Port2)
PORT2 RS-422/485 –
model
OUT
A’
Receive data positive
OUT
IN
IN
B’
Receive data negative
Transmit data positive
Transmit data negative
10
12
7, 8
14, 15
IN
OUT
IN
DTR
DSR
MODE
GND
Vb
ON (Vb) / STAND-BY (NC)
COMMON PINS
DATA (NC) / SETUP (GND)
Power Ground
Operating Voltage
*) Optional connections do not need to be connected in normal use.
*) Handshake signal connections remain the same irrespective of the port used (Port 1 or Port 2).
NC = Not Connected.
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Description of pins:
RD = R eceive D ata. Output of the data received. Data from the radio modem to the DTE.
TD = T ransmit D ata. Input of the data to be transmitted. Data from the DTE to the radio
modem.
CTS = C lear To S end. See Chapter 4.2.1.
CD = C arrier Detect. See Chapter 4.2.2.
RTS = R equest T o Send. See Chapter 4.2.3
DTR = D ata T erminal R eady. Terminal in operation. When the DTR-line is connected to a
positive voltage (e.g. to the operating voltage, Vb), the radio modem is ON, if not, the radio
modem is in the STAND-BY mode.
DSR = D ata S et R eady. Indicates that the radio modem is switched ON.
RSSI = R eceived S ignal S trength I ndicator. Indicates the strength of the received signal. Can be
used to approximately determine the received signal strength. See Chapter 2.2.3.
MODE = operating mode. When the MODE-line is connected to ground (GND), the radio
modem enters the SET-UP mode (configuration mode). On the other hand, if the MODE-line is
not connected, the radio modem will enter the DATA TRANSFER MODE, in which data can be
transmitted and received. The configuration mode is used only when installing a radio modem
when changing the operating parameters of a network. Normally the radio modem is always in
the DATA TRANSFER MODE. See Chapter 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4.
GND = both the negative pole of the operating voltage and the signal ground.
Vb = positive pole of the operating voltage.
2.1.2 RS-232 -Interface
RS-232 –standard defines the method of serial data transfer between a computer and its
peripherals. The method definition includes both the interface type and signal levels. Most
computers and peripherals contain one or more RS-232 type serial ports. The RS-232 standard
uses transmission lines, in which each single signal line level is referenced, to a common ground
level. RS-232 has been designed to be used in serial transfer of data in cases where the distance
between communicating equipment is less than 15 m. The otherwise useful RS-232 standard is
unfortunately applied in a multitude of slightly differing ways (e.g. different pin configurations)
and for this reason different computers and peripherals are not necessarily directly compatible
with each other (see also Chapter 9.2.1 for more information on RS-232 –wiring).
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2.1.3 RS-422 -Interface
RS-422 –standard defines a serial data transfer method, which is very similar to the RS-232
standard. In RS-422 however, the signal lines are balanced (or differential) transmission lines. A
balanced (or differential) transmission line is formed by using two signal wires together to convey
each single signal. Because the state of the signal is defined by the mutual voltage difference
(hence the name differential), any common mode disturbances induced into the lines will cancel
out. The effect of different signals moving in the same cable will also be smaller than in the case
of the RS-232. Transmission distance can be considerably longer than when using RS-232 type
of connection, and distances of 1 km are possible. (See also Chapter 9.2.2 for more
information on RS-422 –wiring).
As an example, let’s examine the TX-signal: TX-signal will be transmitted using two lines (A and
B). A logical ”1” corresponds to a situation, where the voltage on line A is greater than the
voltage on line B. Correspondingly a logical ”0” corresponds to a situation, where the voltage
on line A is smaller than the voltage on line B.
B'
A'
B'
RT 120 Ω
A'
Radio modem
RT 120 Ω
Cable
Cable
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SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
2.1.4 RS-485 -Interface
RS-485 is an extension of the RS-422 standard and enables the connection of more than two
devices on to the same bus. Communication that is half-duplex, in which case the number of
cable pairs is only one compared to two when using the RS-422. The RS-485 standard defines
the electrical characteristics of the connections in such a way as to prevent possible data
contention states as well as cable shorts etc. from harming the devices themselves. (See also
Chapter 9.2.3 for more information on RS-485 -wiring).
B'
RT 120 Ω
B'
A'
RT 120 Ω
A'
Radio modem
Cable
Cable
Terminal
2.1.5 Termination
Each differential pair of wires is a transmission line. A transmission line must be terminated
properly to prevent or at least minimise harmful reflections formed between the transmitting and
receiving end of the transmission line. A common method of terminating an RS-485 type of
transmission line is to connect a so-called termination resistor between the wires and at both
ends of the transmission line. Even when there are more than two devices on the same
transmission line, the termination resistors are needed only at the ends of the transmission line.
The termination resistor must be selected so that its resistance matches the characteristic
impedance of the transmission line as close as possible (typical values range from 100 to 120
Ω). When using an RS-422 type of connection the termination resistor is connected only at each
of the receiving ends.
Termination resistors are especially important when using long transmission lines and/or high
data transfer speeds.
2.2 RF Interface
The antenna connector is of the TNC-type with impedance of 50 Ω. There are two antenna
connectors on Satelline-3AS Epic model. Transmitter and the other receiver is connected to the
left side connector, while the other receiver to the right.
When ordering the radio modem, a center frequency, to which the radio modem will be tuned
to at the factory, must be defined. The user can afterwards change the frequency of the radio
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modem by ±1 MHz from the center frequency (basic tuning range, taking into consideration all
local regulations set forth by the authorities).
The data speed of the radio interface depends on the chosen radio channel spacing. A channel
spacing of 25 kHz enables a data speed of 19200 bps and a channel spacing of 12,5 kHz
enables correspondingly a data speed of 9600 bps. The data speed of the radio interface is
always fixed (19200 bps or 9600 bps) irrespective of the data speed of the RS-Interface. If the
data speeds of the radio interface and the RS-Interface differ from each other, the radio modem
will buffer the data in transfer temporarily, so no data loss will occur. The radio channel spacing
is set at the factory and cannot be changed afterwards.
2.2.1 Transmitter
The output power of the transmitter is adjustable. The greatest allowable power depends on
limits set by local authorities, which must not be exceeded. The output power of the transmitter
should be set to the smallest possible level which still ensures error free connections under
variable conditions. Large output power levels using short connection distances can in the worst
case cause disturbances to the overall operation of the system.
OUTPUT POWER
10 mW
20 mW
50 mW
100 mW
200 mW
500 mW
1W
2W
5W
10 W
dBm
+10
+13
+17
+20
+23
+27
+30
+33
+37
+40
3AS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
3AS 869 MHz
•
•
•
•
•
•
3AS EPIC
•
•
•
•
Possible output power settings of the SATELLINE-3AS –line of radio modems.
NOTE!
Setting the radio data modem output power level to levels exceeding regulations set forth by
local authorities is strictly forbidden. The setting and/or using of non-approved power levels
may lead to prosecution. SATEL is not responsible for any illegal use of its radio equipment,
and is not responsible in any way of any claims or penalties arising from the operation of its
radio equipment in ways contradictory to local regulations and/or requirements and/or laws.
NOTE!
SATELLINE-3AS EPIC radio modem is shipped with two different cooling elements. If the
transmitter of the radio modem is to be ON full power over 20 % of the operating time,
additional cooling is required.
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2.2.2 Receiver
The sensitivity of the receiver depends on the channel spacing of the radio modem (=data
speed of the radio interface) and on error correction mode according to the table below:
FEC OFF
-110 dBm
-112 dBm
25 kHz
12,5 kHz
FEC ON
-113 dBm
-115 dBm
Effect of settings on the receiver sensitivity
The Signal Threshold Level setting of the receiver determines a level, above which the search for
the actual data transfer signal is active. It is usually recommendable to use a value given in the
table. If the Signal Threshold Level setting is set too low (the CD-LED is ON constantly), it is
possible that the receiver is trying to synchronise itself with noise, in which case the actual data
transmission might remain unnoticed. In the opposite case weak data transmissions will be
rejected, although they would be otherwise acceptable.
SATELLINE-3AS EPIC –radio modem contains two separate receivers, and a selection is made
between the signals received by these two receivers so that the stronger/better signal is used. By
this way the signal fading caused by multipath propagation will be smaller than in the case of
using just one antenna and receiver. The recommended distance between receiving antennas is
¾ wavelength, which at a frequency of 450 MHz corresponds to a distance of 50 cm.
2.2.3 RSSI-signal
RSSI-signal (R
R eceived S ignal S trength I ndicator) (pin 5 of the D-type connector) gives an
indication of the strength of the received radio signal. This signal can be used to determine the
approximate signal level. The curve on the following page describes a typical relationship
between the received signal strength and the voltage at pin 5.
4,5
RSSI-pin voltage level / V
3,5
2,5
1,5
Signal level / dBm
0,5
OFF
-120
-118
-116
-110
-100
-90
-80
21
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-60
-50
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2.2.4 Error correction
SATELLINE-3AS includes the possibility to utilise an error correction method called the FECmethod (F
F orward E rror Correction). FEC-function is switched ON (or OFF) by using the
configuration mode (SET-UP-mode). When activated, the FEC-function will cause the
SATELLINE-3AS to automatically add additional error correction information, which increases
the transmitted data by 30 %. It is used by the receiving radio modem to correct erroneous bits
as long as the ratio of correct and erroneous bits is reasonable.
Error correction improves the reliability of data transfer via the radio interface especially in
unfavourable conditions. FEC-function should be used when link distances are long and/or if
there are many disturbances in the radio channels used. The use of the FEC-function will
however decrease the data transfer throughput of the actual information data correspondingly
by about 30 %. For a listing of exact delays (throughput decrease) introduced by using FECfunction, see Chapters 14.1 and 14.2.
Switching the FEC-function ON in configuration mode (SET-UP-mode):
1) Error correction
ON
NOTE!
All radio modems which are to communicate with each other must have the same setting for
FEC (ON or OFF). If the transmitting radio modem and the receiving radio modem have
different settings, data will not be received correctly.
2.2.5 Error checking
When the error checking is switched on, the radio modem will add a checksum to the
transmitted data. In the receiving radio modem, the checksums are first checked before the
actual data is allowed to be forwarded to the serial port. Erroneous data will be rejected.
Switching the Error checking ON in configuration mode (SET-UP-mode):
2) Error check
ON
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USER INTERFACE
3.1 LED-indicators
There are five (5) LED-indicators on the front panel of the radio modem, and they give an
indication of the status of the RS-port and the radio interface:
LED
Indication
OFF
Red
Orange
Green
RTS
CTS
TD
RD
CD
RTS-line status
CTS-line status
TD-line status
RD-line status
Radio status
Inactive
Inactive
No data
No data
No signal
Active
Active
Data
Data
Transmission
Noise
Reception
Description of the LED-indicators:
RTS indicates the status of D-connector pin 13.
CTS indicates the status of D-connector pin 6.
TD indicates that the radio modem is receiving data via RS-port.
RD indicates that the radio modem is sending data via RS-port.
CD indicates the status of the radio interface. The status of the CD-signal on the RS-interface
may differ from the status of the LED-indicator.
3.2 Configuration mode
SATELLINE-3AS radio modem settings are fully configurable in configuration mode (SET-UPmode) by using a suitable terminal program. The most recommendable set-up is ARS-1F
connection cable adapter, CRS-9 cable, power supply and the SaTerm-terminal program. ARS1F contains a switch to enable easy shifting into the configuration mode. Other suitable terminal
programs and cables may also be used.
The radio modem will shift into the configuration mode (SET-UP-mode) by connecting the Dconnector pin 12 to ground (GND). When using the ARS-1F this can be accomplished by
moving the slide switch downwards. When using the configuration mode, the radio modem will
use serial port PORT1,
PORT1 with settings 9600 bps, N, 8,1 (data transfer speed 9600 bps, no parity,
length of 8 bits and 1 stopbit). For more detailed instructions for changing each setting, see
Chapter 8.1 and 8.2.
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3.2.1 Changing the settings
•
Connect cables (RS-232 –cable to PC COM-port, power supply cable to power supply).
•
Switch on the PC and start SaTerm program.
•
Open a terminal window and select with the right mouse button a menu and choose ”Prog
Settings”.
•
Connect PROG-pin to ground (if using the ARS-1F, slide the switch downwards), and the
LCD-display should look similar to the one shown in the picture below.
•
Make desired changes.
•
Save changes by pressing ”E” in the main menu. If you don’t want to save changes, press
”Q”.
•
Disconnect PROG-pin from ground (if using the ARS-1F, slide the switch upwards), the radio
modem should now return to the data transfer mode.
***** SATEL 3AS *****
SW Version x.yz
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Current settings
---------------1) Radio frequency
468.2000 MHz [ CF 468.2000 MHz, spacing 25 kHz ]
2) Radio settings
Tx power level 500 mW / Signal threshold level -110 dBm
TX start delay 0 ms
3) Addressing
RX address OFF / TX address OFF
4) Serial port 1
ON / 19200 bit/s / 8 bit data / None parity / 1 stop bit
5) Serial port 2
OFF / 19200 bit/s / 8 bit data / None parity / 1 stop bit (RS-485)
6) Handshaking
CTS Traditional / CD RSSI-threshold / RTS Ignored
7) Additional set-up Error Correction OFF / Repeater OFF / SL-commands OFF /
Diversity mode OFF / CRC check OFF
8) Routing
Source routing
9) Tests
OFF
A) Restore factory settings
E) EXIT and save settings
Q) QUIT without saving
Enter selection >
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3.2.2 Restoring factory settings
Selecting menu selection “A” may restore factory settings.
Enter selection >A
Restore factory settings
-----------------------Do you want to restore factory settings? (Y/N)>
Factory settings are restored by selecting ”Y” (YES). By pressing any other button current settings
will remain active. The modem will ask this question two times to make sure that the user really
wants to restore factory settings.
3.3 Display and push buttons (SATELLINE-3ASd)
SATELLINE-3ASd radio modem includes a LCD-display (Liquid Crystal Display) with a backlight.
In the data transfer mode the display will show the operating settings of the radio modem, actual
radio field strength and the charge remaining in the SatelSet-battery. Using the push buttons and
the LCD-display, it is possible to change most of the settings of the radio modem without the
need for an external terminal. The backlight of the display activates itself automatically when
pressing any of the push buttons.
The radio modem will shift into the configuration mode (SET-UP-mode) by pressing the SET-UPpush button ( y). The LCD-display will then show shortly the model of the radio modem and the
version number of the installed software, after which the main menu appears. The main menu is
a listing of the changeable parameters.
With the help of the main menu sub-menus can be selected which in turn can be used to
change the actual settings. You can always return to the previous higher level of the menu
structure by pressing the CANCEL (or BACK) push button. Pressing the ý or þ button changes
settings. Selections are confirmed by pressing the SELECT or SET button. In case of numerical
values the digit to be changed is selected by pressing the NEXT button (see following page).
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SATELLINE-3AS
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SATELLINE-3ASd AND EPIC LCD-DISPLAY AFTER POWER-UP
Field strength
of the last
received
transmission
Display in DATA
MODE
(transmit/receive
mode)
Battery level
indicator
ilmaisin
öÄÄÄÖÖ äÄÄÄÖÖ
468.2000 MHz
COM1:19200N81
Set-up
Current frequency
Serial port settings
Push button function
descriptions
Display of the software SATELLINE-3AS
Version 1.XX
version
Display in SET-UP
MODE (configuration
mode)
RF frequency
>Addressing
Port 1
CANCEL ý þ Set-up
Cancel/Back -button
Up-button
Select-button
Down-button
26
Cursor indicates
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SATELLINE-3AS
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TRANSPARENT DATA TRANSMISSION
4.1 RS-Interface, data format
The SATELLINE-3AS radio modem serial interfaces use asynchronous data format. No external
synchronising signal is needed, since necessary timing information is acquired from the start and
stop bits transmitted before and after each data field bits (byte).
The data transfer speed of the serial interfaces can be set to 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800,
9600, 19200 or 38400 bps (b
b its p er s econd). The length of the data field must be 7, 8 or 9
bits. When using a data field length of 7 or 8 bits, a parity bit may also be used.
One character to be transmitted will thus contain a start bit; the data bits (which define the
actual character in question); an optional parity bit and one or two stop bits. The overall length
of one character is therefore 10, 11 or 12 bits. This should be taken into account when
calculating the data throughput capability of a system. In other words, also the number of start,
stop and parity bits must be considered. A useful rule of thumb is that at a data transfer speed of
9600 bps, the transmission of one character will require roughly one millisecond (1 ms).
Start
Data
Parity
End
Asynchronous character data format
Example: With an 8-bit data character length and taking for example a decimal value of ”204”,
which corresponds to a binary value of ”11001100” and with a start bit value of ”0”, parity bit
set to either “NO” (NONE), ”0” or ”1” and with a stop bit value of ”1”, the possible
combinations are listed in the table below:
DATA FORMAT
8 bit, no parity, 1 stop bit
8 bit, even parity, 1 stop bit
8 bit, odd parity, 1 stop bit
8 bit, no parity, 2 stop bits
8 bit, even parity, 2 stop bits
8 bit, odd parity, 2 stop bits
CHARACTER
0110011001
01100110001
01100110011
01100110011
011001100011
011001100111
CHARACTER LENGTH
10 bit
11 bit
11 bit
11 bit
12 bit
12 bit
If the settings of data speed, character length, parity or the number of stop bits differ between
the radio modem and the terminal, errors will be introduced into the transferred data. The serial
port settings of each individual radio modem in a system can be different except for the data
length setting (7, 8 or 9 bits), which must always be the same in each individual radio data
modem. (7,8 or 9). In other words, the serial port used the data transfer speed, parity and
number of stop bits can be different in different parts of a same system. This is especially useful
in cases where one part of the system uses an RS-485 type of serial port and another part uses
the RS-232 type of serial port. In other words, radio modems may also be utilised as serial port
adapters in addition to the more common role of wireless data transfer.
Using the configuration mode (SET-UP-mode) can change serial port settings.
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4.2 Handshake lines
When using the RS-232 serial interface, handshake signals can be used to control data transfer.
Handshake signals are used for example by the radio modem to inform the terminal that the
radio channel is busy and that it cannot initiate transmission. Also the terminal can control the
radio modem via RTS-line.
Line
CTS
RTS
CD
Direction
To terminal
To modem
To terminal
A common way of using handshake signals is to monitor the CTS-line and ignore the others.
Usually the terminal is fast enough to handle the data received by the radio modem, so the use
of RTS-line is not necessary.
Handshaking is not needed if the system protocol is designed to prevent collisions (data
contention) by the use of polling or if there is little traffic and if there is no harm from occasional
data contention situations (several radio modems try to transmit at the same time).
4.2.1 CTS-line
1) Clear To Send
Operation is similar to SATELLINE 2ASxE. CTS is active when the radio modem is ready to
accept data for transmission. CTS will shift into inactive state during data reception and when a
pause (packet end) is detected in transmitted data. CTS shifts back into active state when
reception ends or the radio modem has finished transmission. CTS shifts into inactive state also
in cases when the serial interface data transfer speed is greater than the radio interface transfer
speed and when the transmit buffer is in danger of overflowing.
2) TX buffer state
CTS will shift into inactive state only if the radio modem transmit buffer is in danger of
overflowing.
4.2.2 CD-line
1) RSSI-threshold
Operation is similar to SATELLINE 2ASxE. CD is active whenever a signal with a level exceeding
the level required for reception exists on the radio channel. It doesn’t make any difference if the
signal is an actual data transmission, a signal of a radio transmitter not belonging to the system
or an interference signal caused for example by a computer or a peripheral device. CD is also
active when the radio modem in question is transmitting.
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SATELLINE-3AS
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2) Data on channel
CD will switch to active state only after recognition of a valid data transmission. CD will not
react to interference signals.
3) Always ON
CD is always in the active state. This option can be used with terminal equipment, which use the
CD-line as an indicator of an active connection (the radio modem can transmit and receive at
any time).
4.2.3 RTS-line
1) Ignored
RTS-line status is ignored.
2) Flow control
The radio modem transmits data to the terminal device only when the RTS-line is active. Nonactive state of the RTS-line will force the radio modem to buffer the received data. This option is
used if the terminal device is too slow to handle data received from the radio modem.
3) Reception control
RTS-line controls the reception process of the radio modem. Active state of RTS-line enables
reception (as normal).
Non-active state of the RTS-line will interrupt reception process
immediately, even if the radio modem is receiving a data packet. This option is used to force the
radio modem into WAIT State for an immediate channel change.
4.3 Timing and delays during data transmission
When using a radio modem for data transmission, certain delays will be formed due to the use
of a radio interface and from the radio modem circuitry itself. These delays exist when the radio
modem switches from STAND-BY to DATA mode and during reception and transmission of data.
For detailed delay values in each case see tables in Chapter 14.2.1 and 14.2.2.
4.3.1 Data buffering in the radio data modem
Whenever the radio modem is in Data Transfer mode it monitors both the radio channel and the
RS-Interface. When the terminal device starts data transmission the radio modem switches to
transmission mode. At the beginning of each transmission a synchronisation signal is transmitted
and this signal is detected by the radio modem, which then switches into receive mode. During
the transmission of the synchronisation signal the radio modem buffers data into its memory.
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Transmission ends when a pause is detected in the data sent by the terminal device, and after all
buffered data has been transmitted. When the serial interface speed is the same or slower than
the speed of the radio interface, the internal transmit buffer memory cannot overflow. On the
other hand, when the serial interface speed exceeds the speed of the radio interface, data will
eventually fill the transmit buffer memory. In this case it will take a moment after the terminal
device has stopped transmission of data for the radio modem to empty the buffer and before the
transmitter switches off. The maximum size of the transmit buffer memory is one kilobyte (1 kB). If
the terminal device does not follow the status of the CTS-line and transmits too much data to the
radio modem, the buffer will be emptied and the transmission is restarted.
In the receive mode the buffer works principally in the above described way thus evening out
differences in data transfer speeds. If the terminal device transmits data to a radio modem in
receive mode, the data will go into the transmit buffer memory. Transmission will start
immediately when the radio channel is available.
4.3.2 Optional start delay in transmit mode
The radio modem can be configured to delay the beginning of a radio transmission by
1...65000 ms. This function can be used to prevent packet contention in a system, where all
substations would otherwise answer a poll of a base-station simultaneously. During this delay
data sent to the radio modem is buffered. If this function is not needed, the delay time should be
set to 0 ms.
4.4 Tests
The radio modem can be switched to a test mode, in which it will send a test packet on the
radio channel every second. The test packet is a normal data transmission, which can be used
for example when directing antennas during system installation.
When test packet transmission has been switched on from the configuration mode, the
transmitting radio modem needs only a power supply and an antenna. The test mode can be
configured to send either short or long packets. The length of the short packet is 52 characters
whereas the length of the long packet is 988 characters.
The strength of the received signal can be monitored using the LCD-display of the receiving
radio modem or by following the voltage level of pin RSSI. Error-free reception of data can be
checked using a suitable terminal program. When the test mode is no longer needed it must be
switched off using the configuration mode.
Example of a test transmission:
00 This is a testline of SATELLINE-3AS radio modem
01 This is a testline of SATELLINE-3AS radio modem
02 This is a testline of SATELLINE-3AS radio modem
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REPEATER MODE AND ADDRESSING
Repeaters and addressing may be used to extend the coverage area of a radio modem network
and to direct messages only to selected radio modems in the network. In large systems with
several repeaters and thus formed repeater chains it is often practical to use routing instead of
plain addresses. For more information on routing, see Chapter 6.
5.1 Repeater
In cases where it is necessary to extend the coverage area of a radio modem network,
SATELLINE-3AS radio modems can be used as repeater stations.
The maximum size of a repeated data packet is 1 kB (kilobyte). The repeater function is switched
on using the configuration mode (SET-UP-mode). In the repeater mode the radio modem will
function as a totally independent unit, which means that only a power supply and a suitable
antenna are needed. Other devices are not necessary.
A radio modem acting as a repeater can also be used to receive and transmit data. In repeater
mode the radio modem will transmit the received data to the RS-Interface in a normal fashion.
The difference to operation in normal operation is that the received data will be buffered into the
buffer memory. After reception the radio modem will retransmit the buffered data using the same
radio channel as in reception. Data received through the RS-Interface a radio modem in
repeater mode will transmit as normally.
The same network may include several repeaters, which operate under the same base station.
Repeaters may also be chained; in which case a message is transmitted through several
repeaters. In systems with more than one serially or parallel chained repeater addressing or
routing protocol must be used to prevent having a message ending up in a loop formed by
repeaters and to ensure that the message finally reaches only the intended radio modem.
REPEATTER 2
REPEATTER 1
SLAVE STATION
MASTER STATION
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5.2 Addressing
Addresses can be used to route a data message to the desired destination or to separate two
parallel networks from each other. In networks with repeaters it is usually necessary to use
addresses to prevent data messages from ending up in loops formed by repeaters.
SATELLINE-3AS radio modem facilitates the use of individual addresses both for the reception
and transmission. Addresses can be switched on separately or simultaneously in both data
transfer directions.
The radio modem contains two transmission and two reception addresses, which are called
primary (primary address) and secondary (secondary address). Primary address is used whenever
data from the RS-Interface is transmitted. At the receiving end the radio modem will receive
using either of the two receive addresses.
Secondary transmit address is normally not used, and is only used in repeater
applications.
Radio modems set up to function as repeaters will repeat data messages using either the primary
or secondary address depending upon which address was used during the reception of the data
message.
If only one address pair is needed in a network, both addresses must be set the same
(TX1 = TX2 and RX1 = RX2).
It is also possible to transfer the received address onto the RS-Interface.
The address is composed of two characters (totalling 16 bits), by which two characters totalling
16 bits), by which over 65 000 different address combinations can be formed can form over 65
000 different address combinations. The address consisting of two characters is attached in the
beginning of each data packet sent by the radio modem. When using addressing mode in
reception the radio modem will check the first two characters of each received data packet to
check if the packet in question was intended for the said radio modem.
ADD H
ADD L
DATA
Address may be selected between 0000h…FFFFh (h = hexadecimal, corresponding decimal
numbers are 0-65535).
Example: address 1234h (4660 in decimal format), where 12h is ADD H and 34h is ADD L.
Example: address ABFFh (44031 in decimal format), where ABh is ADD H and FFh is ADD L.
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Transmission:
Address Data
Data
Data
Transmission address has been set OFF.
Radio modem will transmit the data
packet as such.
Data
Transmission addressing has been set
ON. The radio modem will add the
primary TX address to the beginning of the
data packet.
Reception:
Address Data
Address Data
Data
Reception addressing has been set ON and
either the primary or secondary RX address of
the radio modem is identical to the address of
the received data packet.
The radio modem will remove the address
and send the actual data to the RS-232
interface.
Reception addressing has been set ON,
but both the primary and secondary RX
addresses of the radio modem are
different from the address of the received
data packet.
Data does not appear on the RS-232 inter-face.
However, if the ”RX Address to RD-line”
(configuration mode) is on, the radio
modem does not remove the address.
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Address Data
Data
ER
Data
Data
Address Data
Reception addressing has
been set OFF.
Reception addressing
been set OFF.
has
The radio modem will
transfer all received
data to the RS-232 interface.
The radio modem will
consider the characters of
the address as a part of the
data and will send all the
characters to the RS-232 interface.
Reception addressing has
been set ON but there is no
address in the data packet.
Data will appear on the RS232 -interface ONLY if the
first 2 characters of the
data match either of its own
RX address. The radio
modem will remove those 2
characters of data.
5.2.1 Connection between two points
When forming a connection between two points it is recommendable to set both the reception
addresses and transmission addresses to be identical in both radio modems. This is the easiest
way to control addresses and the risk caused by interference from other systems operating in the
same area is minimal.
Example: by setting all addresses of both radio modems to a value ´1234´, they will accept
only those messages which contain this address, and they will use this same value when
transmitting data.
If the channel is reserved to be used only by the said network or if the terminal devices are
responsible for addressing, it is not necessary to use addressing in the radio modems.
5.2.2 System of one base station and several substations
In systems with several substations the base station must know to which substation each message
must be sent and from which substation each received message originates. Usually terminal
devices handle addressing completely, but it is also possible to use the addressing of the radio
modems.
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For example, if the substation terminal devices are not able to check and form addresses by
themselves, addressing may be accomplished with the help of the addresses of the radio
modems attached to these terminal devices. The base station may in such a case define the
destination of a message by adding the address of the corresponding radio modem into the
beginning of the data packet. The substation radio modem(s) will check the address and the
corresponding radio modem will identify and remove the address characters. In a similar way,
the substation will add when transmitting to the base station its address characters into the
beginning of the data packet, thus defining the origin of the sent data packet. In the base station
radio modem, addresses have been switched OFF, so that they are transmitted as is to the base
station terminal device for further processing.
5.3 Using repeaters and addresses in the same system
In systems with several repeaters, a substation and a base-station, addresses must be used in
radio modems. Is possible to realise also a system with only one repeater without addressing. In
such a case, the base station will however hear the message both from the substation and from
the repeater, in other words the message is duplicated as it moves along the route.
There are at least two ways of realising such a system depending on the capabilities of the
terminal devices in question and on the number of repeaters to be used and on their relative
positions to each other.
5.3.1 System with several repeaters
In systems with several serially or parallel chained repeaters addressing must be used. This is to
prevent messages from ending up in loops otherwise formed by repeaters and to ensure that
only the desired (addressed) radio modem receives the data intended for it.
All radio modems in the network must be set to a state, in which the RX-addressing is switched
ON and TX-addressing is switched OFF. Base-station and all substations add an address string
in the beginning of the data to be transmitted. In the relaying of the message addressing is used
in the following way:
R1 ADD
R2 ADD
S ADD
DATA
- The above is the data received from the base station terminal device, containing repeater
addresses (R1 ADD, R2 ADD) and the substation address (S ADD). Two characters define each
address.
R2 ADD
S ADD
DATA
- The above is the same message after being relayed from repeater 1 to repeater 2.
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S ADD
DATA
- The above is the same message after being relayed from the last repeater in the chain
(repeater 2) to the substation.
DATA
- The above is the same message being relayed via the RS-Interface of the substation radio
modem to the terminal device.
In a case in which the substation transmits data towards the base-station the address is formed
in a similar way, but the order of the addresses is opposite:
R2 ADD
R1 ADD M ADD
DATA
-In the above, R2 ADD is address of repeater 2, R1 ADD is address of repeater 1 and M ADD is
the address of the base-station.
5.3.2 Repeater chain using address pairs
In a case where the terminal devices and substations cannot form address fields but are able to
recognise messages addressed to them, alternating address pairs may be used. Transmit
address (TX) and receive address (RX) alternate in the order shown in the table below.
Address type
Base-station address
TX-address
RX-address
Address 1
Address 2
Repeater 1 and the
addresses of the
substations of the basestation
Address 2
Address 1
Repeater 1
substations
addresses
Address 1
Address 2
In a network where alternating addresses are utilised, the exact route, which is used to relay a
message to a certain radio modem is fixed at the time of installation and configuring the system.
The order of the addresses must be the same as the order of the route, which is used to relay the
message to the said radio modem. It is to be noted however that in networks where alternating
addresses are used the base-station and substations will hear their own messages repeated.
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5.3.3 Repeater chain using dual addressing
If the terminal devices cannot add address chains to the beginning of the data packets, a
network with several repeaters may still be realised by using dual addressing.
In dual addressing each link (see arrow in figure) is given a unique address, which will prevent
duplication of messages and endless loops in the network. The terminal devices need not add
anything to the data.
Usually the primary transmit address is used in transmission (TX1). The secondary transmit
address (TX2) is used only if the repeater function is used and the packet to be repeated was
received using the secondary reception address (RX2).
In the following example two repeaters are used. It is to be noted how each link (arrow) may be
uniquely defined with the help of radio modem numbers and data transfer directions. The
repeater function should be switched ON only in the radio modems acting as repeaters to
prevent the packets from remaining in endless loops in the network.
Repeaters may also act as ordinary substations. In the case of the example the master station
must be connected to radio modem 4, otherwise the messages sent by terminal devices
connected to radio modems 2 and 3 shall not arrive at the intended destination.
Addresses:
RX1
TX1
RX2
TX2
rxd
txd
Modem 1
master
Modem 2
repeater
Modem 3
repeater
Modem 4
21
12
(21)
(12)
12
23
32
21
23
34
43
32
34
43
(34)
(43)
37
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MESSAGE ROUTING
6.1 Introduction
Message Routing is a mode of operation in which radio modem pick a destination address from
the data received via the RS-Interface and then relay the message address over the radio
network to the destination device. This function facilitates the construction of a network
containing several repeaters almost as easily as a network with one base-station and several
substations. Any radio modem may be set to operate as a router, so that usually a separate
routing network is not needed.
The design and maintenance of radio modem networks requires especially in complicated cases
very precise planning. Generally the implementation process consists of planning and drawing
the network with the help of SaTerm PC-program, which has a graphical user interface for easy
use. All required communication settings can also be defined and the program also has
functions to enable the transfer of settings to each actual radio modem. Routing will work with
most network protocols assuming that the position of the address field is fixed.
Connection between routers
Possible over jump between routers
Connection between substation and router
Possible over jump between substation and router
6.1.1 Advantages of routing
With the help of routing it is easier to design, implement and maintain radio modem networks.
Also connection distances can be increased substantially by chaining repeaters. By utilising
routing radio modem networks with quite large coverage areas may be realised by using just
one radio channel. Also the use of mobile substations is possible. By the use of routing a fully
deterministic system may be realised, in other words delays are always fully predictable. In
addition the logical structure of the network may be changed from the base station. The use of
routing also introduces redundancy, because a failed radio modem can in certain cases be
bypassed with the help of another radio modem positioned in the same coverage area.
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6.1.2 SaTerm (brief description)
SaTerm 3 is a PC-based program, intended to be used by network designers and constructors.
With the help of SaTerm 3 it is possible to monitor serial interface traffic, send various test
packets; change the settings of a radio modem, copy settings to several radio modems and also
to update the internal software of a radio modem with a newer revision.
Version 3 of the program also includes the possibility to define the structure of a radio network
using routing by just drawing. An advantage of using the SaTerm-program is that the planned
network may be sketched very fast and easily in graphical format. When the network includes all
desired elements and their relative dependencies are defined, common as well as individual
settings of the radio modems in the network can be defined. Finally, each radio modem of the
network can be programmed via the serial interface with just one command.
The structure of the network may also be input to the radio modems using the configuration
mode. This manual method is recommended only in cases where the network structure is very
simple, or when it is desirable to define such special functions, which are not possible to realise
using the graphical interface of SaTerm 3. Examples of such cases are defining other than treestructured networks, or the use of same repeaters in several overlapping networks.
6.2 Operating modes of message routing
Message routing may be realised by using two different operating modes:
•
•
Source mode
Virtual mode
The most important differences of the two modes are shown in the table below.
Source
Summary
Slower, more functions
Protocol header size (bytes/jump) 6+2*number of jumps
Fault tolerance
Yes, if allowed by radio interface
(Overhop function)
Support for mobile stations
Built-in
Addition of substations to a
network
Changing routes
Maximum length of route
Max. length of repeatable packet
Only base station reconfigured
Overhop function
Network ID
Storing of routing information
Max. number of substations
Yes
Yes
Centralised
No limit
Only base station reconfigured
16 jumps
1kB – size of the protocol header
39
Virtual
Faster, less functions
No, but can be realised at
network level
Must be realised at network
level
Repeaters reconfigured
All radio modems reconfigured
No limit
1kB – size of the protocol
header
No
Yes
Dispersed
No limit
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6.2.1 Source mode
In the Source method all routing information has been saved into the radio modem of the basestation and for this reason it is easy to add substations to a Source method based network also
afterwards. The changing of routes is also easy. In the Source method all routing information is
included and transferred together with the packet itself and substations send a reply message to
the base station using a reverse route. Operation is a little slower than when using the Virtual
mode routing, but makes it possible to use the overhop function. Mobile substations can be
configured to use several routers, but the transfer delay is still predictable and independent of
the location of the mobile substations. The maximum number of allowed serially linked routers is
15, and the number of different routes is limited to 50-80 depending on the length of the
routes.
6.2.2 Virtual mode
The virtual mode is the fastest data transfer method (using known routes). In Virtual routing
packets only one virtual link ID is added to the user data, and this is changed after each
repetition. The portion of the added routing information of the total packet size is therefore
smaller, but overhop function cannot be used. The routing table is dispersed among the radio
modems operating as routers, which means that changing of routes necessitates also the
reconfiguration of the radio modems stationed in the coverage area of the network. The number
of serially linked routers is unlimited. A drawback of this method is the fact that it does not
support the use of mobile substations. The maximum number of different routes is 50.
6.2.3 Protocol configuration
The radio modem will detect the address used by the network from the packet received via the
serial interface. On the basis of this address used by the system protocol all necessary
information relating to the relaying of the message is fetched from the routing table. The
protocol used in each instance is not interpreted; instead, the address is searched according to
its location. The beginning of the packet is located by a preceding pause. Routing can therefore
be applied to most protocols.
The position and length of the address is defined with the help of Offset and Length settings.
Offset defines the number of bytes (0…15) preceding the address and Length is the length of the
address expressed in bytes (1…4).
Offset
Length
USER ADDRESS
Byte length
Start of data packet
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6.3 Detailed description of routing operation
System
Modem
1, 2
1, 3
6.3.1 Source mode
The above figure represents a network containing four (4) radio modems. Each radio modem is
given a unique address (0…3). A terminal device has been attached to three of the four radio
modems and they communicate with each other using addresses X, Y and Z, respectively. Radio
modem 0 and terminal device X together constitute the base station of the network and all
routing information of the network has been programmed into this base station.
When the terminal device X transmits a packet to (e.g.) terminal Y, radio modem 0 will detect
the address Y from the data received through the serial port. From the routing table a route 1,2
can be found to which the radio modem also adds its own address to define the route for return
data. Radio modem 1 repeats the packet and radio modem 2 removes the address information
from the received data packet thereby transferring only the original data to the serial interface.
The address information received together with the packet is reversed (2,1,0) and saved to be
used in the transmission of subsequent reply packets.
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6.3.2 Virtual mode
X<-> 3
Y <-> 2
Z <-> 1
1<-> 3
2<-> 4
X<-> 4
The above figure represents the same network, which has now been realised using the Virtual
mode. The difference is that logical links are numbered instead of radio modems. Operation is
easy to understand by thinking of a telephone network realised with traditional overhead wiring.
Each radio modem contains a routing table in the internal memory, which defines all the relative
dependencies of the said radio modem in relation to the links to which it forms with other radio
modems in the network, as well as terminal device addresses and link depends. Terminal device
X transmits a packet to terminal device Y. The routing table of radio modem contains the
required route and the packet is transmitted with link ID 2 attached to it. Of the radio modems
in reception mode, only the routing table of radio modem B contains a link ID 2, and because
of this match will receive the packet. Re-sending (relaying) will be made with ID 4. In the case of
radio modem C, routing table information defines that link 4 is connected to a serial interface,
which means that radio modem C will transfer the packet to the serial interface and the terminal
device attached to it after first removing the link ID added by radio modem A. All links are bidirectional, so the reply message will arrive back to the terminal device X via radio modem A in
a similar way.
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6.3.3 Overhop function in Source mode
Master TD
Radio
R1
Master
R2
Substation RD
R1
R2
TD
RD
When using routers the same packet is sent on a (radio) channel several times. A radio modem
situated in the router chain will often hear other radio modems in addition to the immediate
neighbouring radio modems. In the Source mode the complete address information sent
together with the packets enables also the use of these secondary routes. Usually routers have
better antennas (and/or antennas placed higher) than normal substations, which means that the
distance between two routers can be much longer than the distance between a router and a
substation.
Connections to other than the neighbouring stations of the router are not necessarily reliable
under all possible (radio) conditions, but they can often be used to keep the network up and
running at least partly in case a router somewhere in the middle of the chain fails. In addition to
this, the likelihood of a transmission error decreases if it is possible to listen to more than one
transmission, since in this case it is more likely that at least one of them will be received errorfree. It is also possible, that the radio connection is asymmetrical due to the greater output
power of a router or due to local interference, in which case data can in fact travel in opposite
directions using different routes.
When a router receives a message, which contains its address but not as the first address in the
address field, the packet is stored in a buffer. If the relayed message from the router, between
the said router and the one having sent the message originally, is not received due for example
because of radio modem failure (or if it has an erroneous checksum), the packet already
buffered into the memory is resent without any change to the timing (no additional delays are
introduced). Because of this, relatively short hop distances can be used, without the likelihood of
errors being increased due to the added number of repeats. A possible error in one of the
routers does not necessarily cause a total breakdown of traffic.
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R1
R2
The overhop function facilitates the use of mobile substations. In the example, a mobile
substation is first located in the coverage area of repeater R2. The route is defined as M, R1, R2
and vehicle. When the vehicle moves to the coverage area of repeater R1, the radio modem
picks the packet already from the transmission of R1, but is then transferred to the serial port
using an additional delay, so that the timing does not differ from the first case when the radio
modem of the vehicle was in the coverage area of router R2. In this way a collision of the reply
transmission and the transmission by repeater R2 is prevented. When the mobile station is
transmitting, it is correspondingly enough that at least one radio modem defined to be a part of
the route receives the transmission.
6.3.4 Network ID
The Network ID is a string of characters with a maximum length of eight (8) characters. Network
ID prevents reception of messages sent by radio modems, which are not part of the said
network. All radio modems, which are intended to operate within the same network, must be
configured to have the same Network ID. A radio modem which is configured to use routing will
accept a packet only, if the Network ID included within the packet data structure matches the
one configured into the memory of the receiving radio modem. Because the Network ID is never
transmitted on the radio interface, it is very difficult to find out, thus adding to the security of
network.
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6.4 Example of expanding the network coverage by using message routing
In the following example a network which utilises polling is explained. The network has originally
consisted of one base station and several substations. This type of a network can usually be
adapted to operate with message routing without any changes to the terminal devices.
Offset = 1 Length = 1
The protocol used contains a one byte long recipient address at position 1, thus the settings of
the radio modems should be Offset=1 and Length=1.
6.4.1 Designing the network using SaTerm
The design flow of a network using SaTerm program is initiated by starting the program and
choosing from the main menu File->Routing Set-up and then File->New Project. The window,
which opens now, is used to define those settings, which are common to the whole network.
The address type is selected to be Decimal, which means that all addresses of the network will
be given to the SaTerm program in decimal format. Also the Network ID (NetID) is defined. The
routing mode is selected to be Source, because a mobile substation will also be defined in the
example network.
A radio modem is created on the screen by choosing Modem->New Modem->3AS from the
menu and by dropping the radio modem to the desired location. A name is given to each radio
modem, which eases the identification of radio modems, and it is usually recommendable to use
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either the serial number of the radio modem or a descriptive name defining the physical location
of the radio modem. Serial interface settings are configured to correspond to those of the
terminal device. It is to be noted that the frequency must be configured to be the same in each
radio modem of the network. The design flow continues by adding and defining the rest of the
radio modems to the network.
The following step is to define all routes between all the radio modems. Clicking the right mouse
button when the cursor is over the desired radio modem icon and then by choosing from the
pop-up menu Connect does this. Before drawing any of the actual routes it is however
recommended to choose and define the radio modem which will act as the base station radio
modem of the network. This is done by clicking the right mouse button when the cursor is over
the desired radio modem icon and then by choosing the selection Master from the pop-up
menu. It is possible to change the Master setting later, but in this case all routes except those
directed away from the (new) Master are cleared.
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6.4.2 Adding a mobile station
Routing information of mobile substations often differs from the more common ”optimal” routes.
A mobile substation is added by choosing Project->Mobile routes from the main menu, and now
all previously defined routes will disappear from the screen. A mobile substation is now added
into the network by choosing Modem->New mobile->3AS from the main menu. The route is
defined as for fixed radio modems (see Chapter 6.4.1), and the mobile substation is attached to
the last router in a chain. This way the mobile substation will be able to transmit data through all
routers belonging to the chain.
6.4.3 Transferring the settings to radio data modems
The design has now progressed to a point where the settings, definitions and configurations
made according to instructions of the previous chapters can be transferred into actual radio
modems with which the network will be defined. First, however, the serial port to be used must
be selected from the serial port menu. Also, when transferring settings from the SaTerm program
memory into the radio modems all radio modems must be set into the configuration mode
during the transfer process. In other words the pin 12 of the serial port connector of the radio
modem must be connected to ground (GND). (When using the ARS-1F adapter the red switch
should be moved to a position away from the radio modem).
Each radio modem in turn is connected to the ARS-1F adapter and then the icon of the same
radio modem is selected by moving the mouse cursor over the icon, clicking the right mouse
button and by then choosing from the pop-up menu Transmit values. After all radio modems are
programmed they are ready to be taken to the mounting sites for further installation.
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Diversity receiver (only SATELLINE-3AS Epic)
SATELLINE-3AS Epic model has two antenna connectors, the other being used for reception and
the other for reception and transmission. Diversity receiving means that the radio modem selects
the best signal from those received by the two antennas. In this way the reliability of the
connection is improved especially in those cases which are subject to a high level of reflections
and multipath fading.
7.1 Multipath fading
In radio systems (operating at suitable frequencies) it is not necessary to have a direct line-ofsight connection between the master station and a moving substation because the radio signal
propagates by reflecting from buildings and terrain contours e.g. hills. These useful reflections
do however cause fading, which can occur when the radio signal experiences a number of
reflections on the way to the receiving antenna. Radio signals propagate at the speed of light
but if the signal is reflected from several different objects before reaching the receiving antenna
the different total path lengths of these reflected signals will cause them to be detected at slightly
different times. This means that these detected reflected signals are in different phases. In the
worst case scenario, two equally strong signals are in exactly opposing phases thus cancelling
each other out and causing the signal level to drop.
Received signal, dB
Quality measurement every 1 or 12 bytes
Signal threshold level
The chance that two fades occur
at the same time is low
Time
The received signals from two antennas. The selected signals are marked in grey.
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7.2 Antenna installation
Signal fading appears at half wave intervals. Because of this, best result is achieved by installing
the two antennas of SATELLINE-3AS Epic apart from each other, so that the minimum separation
distance is ¾ x wavelength used (min. 0.75 m). It is not recommendable to use Miniflex –
antennas together with the SATELLINE-3AS Epic model.
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SETTINGS
The configuration of SATELLINE-3AS radio modems can be easily changed. By connecting pin
12 of the D-connector to ground (GND) the radio modem will switch over into configuration
(SET-UP) mode. Serial port PORT 1 is used whenever the radio modem is in the configuration
mode. The serial port settings are 9600 bps, N, 8,1 (data transfer speed 9600 bps, no parity,
character length 8 bits and one (1) stop bit).
SATELLINE-3ASd model contains push buttons and a LCD-display, which can be used to modify
configuration settings without the help of an external terminal device. The radio modem will
switch over into configuration (SET-UP) mode by pressing the ”SET-UP” button (y).
If the SL-command function has been activated active radio channel and addresses can be
changed without switching the radio modem into configuration mode. Serial port settings will
remain as those defined previously when the radio modem was in configuration mode.
8.1 Changing parameters using a terminal device
PORT 1 of the radio modem is connected to a terminal device or a PC, which is in terminal
emulation state. (This can be accomplished by using a suitable program such as the SaTerm
program or the Windows™ Hyper Terminal program). Check the wiring of the serial port
connection cable. Terminal device serial port settings must be set to 9600 bps, N, 8, 1 (data
transfer speed 9600 bps, no parity, data length 8 bits and one (1) stop bit). Mode-pin (pin 12 of
the D-connector on the radio modem) is then connected to ground (GND). Following this the
radio modem will transmit the following message to the terminal (certain configuration settings
might differ from the ones shown):
8.1.1 Changing frequency (active radio channel frequency)
The frequency of the active radio channel can be changed by selecting main menu selection
”1”. In the example below the frequency is changed (465,5000 MHz ⇒ 465,5250 MHz).
Enter selection >1
Radio frequency set-up
--------------------Active channel
465.5000
Lower limit band 1
467.2000
Upper limit band 1
469.2000
Lower limit band 2
467.2000
Upper limit band 2
469.2000
Channel spacing
25 kHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
Enter new frequency (MHz) or ESC to previous > 465.5250
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A list of frequency values will appear on the screen updated with the new active radio channel
frequency value:
Radio frequency set-up
--------------------Active channel
465.5250
Lower limit band 1
467.2000
Upper limit band 1
469.2000
Lower limit band 2
467.2000
Upper limit band 2
469.2000
Channel spacing
25 kHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
Enter new frequency (MHz) or ESC to previous >
Maximum adjustment range of the active radio channel frequency is ± 1 MHz counting from the
factory set center frequency. Because of possible deviations in each country and/or region
concerning the authorised use of the frequency spectrum local authorities may limit this
adjustment range. SATELLINE-3AS radio modem can be supplied with the adjustment range
divided into two bands (Band
Band 1 and Band 2),
2 and this feature can be utilised in case it is
required to limit the arbitrary adjustment of the active radio channel accidentally to a forbidden
value. The center frequency and the frequency band limiting values are factory set and the user
cannot change them. The active channel is selected by entering a numerical value.
NOTICE !
Adjustment of the active radio channel of the radio modem to frequencies other than those
allocated and/or allowed by local authorities is strictly forbidden. Use or intended use of
forbidden frequencies may lead to prosecution and penalties. SATEL is not responsible for any
illegal use practised with any devices manufactured and/or sold by SATEL and is not liable to
pay any damages or compensation caused by such illegal use.
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8.1.2 Changing radio settings (transmitter output power and receiver sensitivity)
Radio settings which consist of transmitter output power and receiver sensitivity can be
configured by selecting main menu selection ”2”. In the following example both the transmitter
output power (10 mW ⇒ 20 mW) and the receiver sensitivity (-110 dBm ⇒ –90 dBm) are
changed.
Enter selection >2
Radio set-up
----------1) TX power level
2) Signal threshold level
3) TX start delay
10 mW
–110 dBm
0 ms
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >1
TX power level set-up
-------------------1) 10 mW
2) 20 mW
3) 50 mW
4) 100 mW
5) 200 mW
6) 500 mW
7) 1000 mW
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >2
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >2
Signal threshold level set-up
---------------------------Signal threshold level –110 dBm
Enter new value (80 – 118) or ESC to previous menu > -90
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >3
Set TX start delay set-up
-----------------------TX start delay 0 ms
Enter new value (0 - 65535 ms) or ESC to previous menu > 100
The new values are updated in the LCD-display:
Radio set-up
----------1) TX power level
2) Signal threshold level
3) TX start delay
20 mW
–90 dBm
100 ms
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >
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The maximum useable sensitivity of the receiver is determined by the channel spacing used
(=radio interface data transfer speed) and also by error correction (utilised or not). For further
information see Chapter 9.3, 10.1 and 10.2.
In environments with high levels of interference and when connection distances are short it is
often beneficial to use a ”Signal threshold level” value which is approximately 10 – 20 dBm
above the maximum sensitivity level. This will prevent unnecessary receive attempts caused by
noise.
NOTICE
NOTICE !
The setting of the transmitter output power of the radio modem to levels in contradiction with
transmitter power levels regulated by local or other governmental authorities is strictly
forbidden. Use or intended use of forbidden transmitter power levels may lead to prosecution
and penalties. SATEL is not responsible for any illegal use practised with any devices
manufactured and/or sold by SATEL and is not liable to pay any damages or compensation
caused by such illegal use.
8.1.3 Changing addressing settings (primary and secondary RX- and TX-addresses)
Addressing can be switched ON or OFF with the help of main menu selection ”3”. In the
following example a primary RX-address (transmitter address) is switched ON and the
corresponding hexadecimal address value is modified (”0000” ⇒ ”0020”). The current values
of the parameters are displayed and changed in toggle-type fashion by selecting the appropriate
parameter selection number from the list displayed. The next menu level will then enable the
modification of the values (within allowed limits). Modification of all other primary and
secondary transmitter and receiver addresses is done in similar way.
Enter selection >3
Addressing set-up
Toggle ON/OFF values. Current value shown.
-----------------------------------------1) RX address
OFF
2) TX address
OFF
3) RX address to RS port
OFF
4) Change primary RX address
5) Change primary TX address
6) Change secondary RX address
7) Change secondary TX address
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >1
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Addressing set-up
Toggle ON/OFF values. Current value shown.
-----------------------------------------1) RX address
ON 0000/0000
2) TX address
OFF
3) RX address to RS port
OFF
4) Change primary RX address
5) Change primary TX address
6) Change secondary RX address
7) Change secondary TX address
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >4
RX address set-up
---------------RX Address ON 0000/0000
Enter new address (HEX) or ESC to previous menu >0020
The new value is displayed in the LCD-display:
RX address set-up
---------------RX Address ON 0020/0000
Enter new address (HEX) or ESC to previous menu >
The address is given in hexadecimal format with four digits and the number of different
addresses is thus over 65 000.
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8.1.4 Changing serial port settings (Port
Port 1 and Port 2)
The settings of serial port PORT 1 can be modified by selecting main menu selection ”4” and
the settings of serial port PORT 2 by selecting choice ”5”. In the following example PORT 1 will
be switched to a non-active state and after this the data transfer speed is modified (19200 bit/s
⇒ 9600 bit/s), the number of data bits is modified (8 ⇒ 7), the number of parity bits is
modified (NONE ⇒ EVEN) and finally the number of stop bits is changed (1 ⇒ 2).
Enter selection >4
Serial port 1
Settings
--------------1) Port status
2) Data speed
3) Data bits
4) Parity bits
5) Stop bits
ON
19200 bit/s
8 bit data
None parity
1 stop bit
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >1
Serial ports 1 and 2 status set-up
--------------------1) Port 1 ON / Port 2 OFF
2) Port 1 OFF / Port 2 ON
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >2
Serial port 1
Settings
--------------1) Port status
2) Data speed
3) Data bits
4) Parity bits
5) Stop bits
OFF
19200 bit/s
8 bit data
None parity
1 stop bit
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >2
Serial port 1 data speed
-------------1) 300
bit/s
2) 600
bit/s
3) 1200 bit/s
4) 2400 bit/s
5) 4800 bit/s
6) 9600 bit/s
7) 19200 bit/s
8) 38400 bit/s
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >6
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Serial port 1
Settings
--------------1) Port status
2) Data speed
3) Data bits
4) Parity bits
5) Stop bits
OFF
9600 bit/s
8 bit data
None parity
1 stop bit
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >3
Serial port 1 data Bits
-------------1) 7 bit data
2) 8 bit data
3) 9 bit data
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >1
Serial port 1
Settings
--------------1) Port status
2) Data speed
3) Data bits
4) Parity bits
5) Stop bits
OFF
9600 bit/s
7 bit data
None parity
1 stop bit
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >4
Serial port 1 parity bits
-------------1) None parity
2) Even parity
3) Odd
parity
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >3
Serial port 1
RS-232 Settings
--------------1) Port status
2) Data speed
3) Data bits
4) Parity bits
5) Stop bits
OFF
9600 bit/s
7 bit data
Odd parity
1 stop bit
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >5
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Serial port 1 stop bits
-------------1) 1 stop bit
2) 2 stop bits
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >2
Now all of the modifications of the example have been performed and the new values are
displayed:
Serial port 1
Settings
--------------1) Port status
2) Data speed
3) Data bits
4) Parity bits
5) Stop bits
OFF
9600 bit/s
7 bit data
Odd parity
2 stop bits
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >
The settings of the serial port must be modified to correspond with the settings of the terminal
device that is to be connected to the radio modem. Modification of the settings of serial port
PORT 2 is done according to the principle described above and by first selecting from the main
menu selection ”5”.
NOTICE!
It should be noted that switching the radio modem into configuration mode (SETUP) by
connecting the MODE-pin (pin 12 of the D-connector) to ground (GND) will change the settings
of serial port PORT 1 to ”9600,8,N,1” automatically irrespective of the serial port PORT 1 DATAmode settings.
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8.1.5 Modification of handshaking functions
Handshaking related configuration settings can be modified by selecting selection from the main
menu ”6”. In the following example characteristics of the CTS-line (CLEAR TO SEND ⇒ TX
BUFFER STATE), CD-line (RSSI-THRESHOLD ⇒ DATA ON CHANNEL) and RTS-line (IGNORED
⇒ FLOW CONTROL) are changed.
Enter selection >6
Serial port 1 and 2 Handshaking
------------------------1) CTS line property
Clear to send
2) CD line property
RSSI-threshold
3) RTS line property
Ignored
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >1
Select CTS line action property
------------------------------1) Clear to send
2) TX buffer state
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >1
Serial port 1 and 2 Handshaking
------------------------1) CTS line property
TX buffer state
2) CD line property
RSSI-threshold
3) RTS line property
Ignored
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >2
Select CD line action property
------------------------------1) RSSI-threshold
2) Data on channel
3) Always ON
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >2
Serial port 1 and 2 Handshaking
------------------------1) CTS line property
TX buffer state
2) CD line property
Data on channel
3) RTS line property
Ignored
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >3
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Select RTS line action property
------------------------------1) Ignored
2) Flow control
3) Reception Control
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >2
Serial port 1 and 2 Handshaking
------------------------1) CTS line property
TX buffer state
2) CD line property
Data on channel
3) RTS line property
Flow control
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >ESC
Now all of the modifications of the example have been performed and the new values are
displayed on the LCD-display (see above):
8.1.6 Special functions
Special functions are modified by selecting from the main menu selection ”7”. (For further
information see the relevant Chapters describing the said functions). The current values of the
parameters are displayed and can be modified in toggle-type fashion by selecting the
appropriate parameter selection number (as described in Chapter 8.2) from the list displayed.
The next menu level will then enable the modification of the values (within allowed limits).
Enter selection >7
Additional set-up
Toggle ON/OFF values. Current values shown.
-----------------------------------------1) Error correction
OFF
2) Error check
OFF
3) Repeater
OFF
4) SL-commands
OFF
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >
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8.1.7 Modification of routing
Configuration settings defining routing can be changed by selecting main menu selection ”8”.
Enter selection >8
Routing Set-up
------------1) Mode
2) Protocol
3) Address
4) Net id
5) Route list
6) Route add
7) Route delete
8) Delete all routes
Source routing
Userdefined 01
0009
testnet
01
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >1
Routing mode set-up
-----------------1) Disabled
2) Source routing
3) Virtual routing
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >3
Routing Set-up
------------1) Mode
2) Protocol
3) Address
4) Net id
5) Route list
6) Route add
7) Route delete
8) Delete all routes
Virtual routing
Userdefined 01
0009
testnet
01
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >2
Protocol set-up
-------------1) Userdefined
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >1
User defined address position set-up
----------------------------------1) Start position
01
2) Length
01
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >1
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User defined address start position set-up
----------------------------------------Current value: 01
Enter new start position (0-16) >02
User defined address start position set-up
----------------------------------------Current value: 02
Enter new start position (0-16) >ESC
User defined address position set-up
----------------------------------1) Start position
02
2) Length
01
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >2
User defined address length set-up
--------------------------------Current value: 01
Enter new length (1-4) >3
User defined address length set-up
--------------------------------Current value: 03
Enter new length (1-4) >ESC
User defined address position set-up
----------------------------------1) Start position
02
2) Length
03
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >ESC
The display has now returned to the main menu of the routing settings and it can be seen that
the routing mode (VIRTUAL ROUTING) as well as the protocol (USERDEFINED 02 03) have
been modified.
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Following this, a new address will be modified (”0009” ⇒ ”0002”) and a new Network ID is
defined (”testnet” ⇒ ”newname”):
Routing Set-up
------------1) Mode
2) Protocol
3) Address
4) Net id
5) Route list
6) Route add
7) Route delete
8) Delete all routes
Virtual routing
Userdefined 02
0009
testnet
03
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >3
Address set-up
------------Current routing address 0009
Enter new address (HEX) or ESC to previous menu >0002
Address set-up
------------Current routing address 0002
Enter new address (HEX) or ESC to previous menu >ESC
Routing Set-up
------------1) Mode
2) Protocol
3) Address
4) Net id
5) Route list
6) Route add
7) Route delete
8) Delete all routes
Virtual routing
Userdefined 01
0002
testnet
01
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >4
Net id
-----Net id current value: testnet
Enter net id (8 char) or ESC to previous menu >newname
Net id
-----Net id current value: newname
Enter net id (8 char) or ESC to previous menu >ESC
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Routing Set-up
------------1) Mode
2) Protocol
3) Address
4) Net id
5) Route list
6) Route add
7) Route delete
8) Delete all routes
Virtual routing
Userdefined 01
0002
newname
01
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >
Selection ”5” will produce a list of the routes:
Route list
---------xxx
xxx
xxx
Press any key to return >
Selection ”6” enables the addition of a route:
Route add
--------Enter destination address (HEX) >
Selection ”7” enables the removal of a route:
Route delete
-----------Enter destination address (HEX) >
Selection ”8” enables erasure of ALL routing information simultaneously. The LCD-display will
then display the following text:
Routing Set-up
------------1) Mode
2) Protocol
3) Address
4) Net id
5) Route list
6) Route add
7) Route delete
8) Delete all routes
Virtual routing
Userdefined 02
0009
testnet
03
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >8
Do you really want to delete all routes?
Press Y key to delete or ESC to cancel >
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8.1.8 Activating tests
Tests can be activated by selecting main menu selection ”9”. For more information on tests, see
Chapter 4.4. Tests are activated by setting the status of the desired test to ”ON” and will remain
active until the value of the selection in the menu is returned to the value ”OFF”.
Enter selection >9
Tests set-up
----------1) Short block test
2) Long block test
OFF
OFF
Enter selection or ESC to previous menu >
8.1.9 Restoring factory settings
Selecting main menu selection “A” can restore factory settings.
Enter selection >A
Restore factory settings
-----------------------Do you want to restore factory settings? (Y/N)>
Restoring is confirmed by pressing ”Y” (Y=YES) or cancelled by pressing ”N” (N=NO) in the
case restoring is not wanted after all. Also the pressing of ”ESC” button at any point in the
procedure will return the display to the previous (next higher) menu level without restoring factory
settings.
8.1.10 Saving modified settings into the permanent memory
All modified settings must be saved into the permanent non-volatile memory of the radio modem
before switching out of configuration (SET-UP) mode. Selecting the main menu selection “E”
does saving:
Enter selection >E
Configuration saved!
Please turn off program mode switch!
NOTICE! To switch the radio modem back into DATA mode from the SET-UP mode the MODEpin of the D-connector (D-15 pin 12) must be disconnected from ground (GND).
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8.2 Changing parameters using the LCD-display
SATELLINE-3ASd contains a LCD-display that facilitates the modification of the configuration
settings of the radio modem without the use of an external terminal device. This is especially
convenient when modifying or reinstalling radio modems in the field. The radio modem is
switched into configuration mode (SET-UP) by pressing the ”SET-UP-button (y). First, the LCDdisplay will shortly display the model of the radio modem and the software revision information
after which it will automatically display the main menu, which is a list of the modifiable
configuration settings.
The main menu is used to select the desired submenus and the actual modifications are
performed using these submenus. It is possible to jump back at any time to the previous (higher)
level in the menu hierarchy by just pressing the ”CANCEL”-button (or in some cases the
”BACK”-button). Pressing the ý modifies parameters with numerical values consisting of digits or
þ –buttons until the said digit (with the cursor blinking under it) has reached the desired value. In
the case of numerical values the ”NEXT-button is used to move on to the next digit in the
numerical value and then the above described process is used to modify it. The process is
repeated until all digits in the value have been edited. Toggle-type parameters (typically with
ON/OFF choices modifications have to be confirmed by pressing the ”SELECT”- or ”SET”button.
This is the display in DATA
mode. Serial port PORT 1
settings are 19200,N,8,1.
Frequency is set to
468,5000 MHz. Signal
strength is displayed on the
upper left-hand corner and
battery level respectively on
the upper right corner.
öÄÄÄÖÖ äÄÄÄÖÖ
468.5000 MHz
COM1:19200N81
Set-up
After pressing the ”SET-UPbutton the display will shortly SATELLINE-3AS
show the model of the radio
Version 1.XX
modem and the revision of
the software.
The display will
automatically then show the
main menu, which is a list of
modifiable parameters.
Pressing the ý and þ buttons
can move the cursor
upwards and downwards.
When the cursor > is placed
beside the desired selection,
entry into sub-menu is done
by pressing the SELECTbutton.
>RF frequency
Radio settings
Addressing
Port 1
Port 2
Handshaking
Additional
Tests
Factory set-up
Contrast
EXIT ýþ SELECT
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8.2.1 Changing frequency (frequency of the active radio channel)
>RF frequency
Radio settings
Press ý or þ until
Addressing
the cursor >
Port 1
Port 2
points to “RF
Handshaking
frequency” –
Additional
selection and
Tests
press ”SELECT” to
Factory set-up
move onto the
Contrast
next submenu.
EXIT
ýþ SELECT
Press ”CHANGE”
if the frequency is
to be modified.
Active channel
468.5000 MHz
NOTICE: If you want to check possible
BACK
frequency band limits and the center
frequency (factory set values), press 6
and follow instructions given on page 66
(Checking the center frequency).
þ Change
The cursor > will now blink under the
first digit of the value indicating the
center frequency (this first digit cannot
be edited). To move onto the next digit,
press ”NEXT”.
CF 468.5000 MHz
>468.2000 MHz
CANCEL þ
Next
Press ý or þ until the said digit has
reached the desired value. Press ”NEXT”
to move on to the next digit and repeat
the above-described steps.
CF 468.5000 MHz
>468.5000 MHz
CANCEL ýþ next
Previous steps are repeated four (4)
times.
CF 468.5000 MHz
>468.2000 MHz
CANCEL ýþ
SET
Press ý or þ, until the last changeable
digit has the desired value and confirm
changes by pressing ”SET”.
The radio modem will acknowledge
changes if they are within acceptable
limits (± 1 MHz from the center
frequency and within optional band
limits) with a similar message as shown
on the right (frequency value depends
on entered value) and will automatically
return to display the main menu (if the
entered frequency is not acceptable an
error message will be displayed).
Ch accepted
>468.2000 MHz
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CHECKING THE CENTER FREQUENCY
Press ý or þ until the
cursor > points to “RF
frequency” selection and
then press ”SELECT” to
move to a submenu
which can be used to
check (or modify) the
frequency.
The current active
channel frequency setting
is shown in the display.
To check other related
values press þ.
(To change the active
channel frequencies
press ”CHANGE”).
>RF frequency
Radio settings
Addressing
Port 1
Port 2
Handshaking
Additional
Tests
Factory set-up
Contrast
EXIT ýþ Select
> Active channel
468.5000 MHz
BACK
þ Change
If þ was pressed the
display will now show the
lower and higher limits of
frequency Band 1 (these
values cannot be
changed). (To change
the active channel
frequency value press
”CHANGE”).
Band 1 limits
Lo 467.2000 MHz
Hi 469.2000 MHz
By pressing þ again the
display will show the
lower and higher limits of
frequency Band 2 (these
values cannot be
changed). (To change
the active channel
frequency value press
”CHANGE”).
Band 2 limits
Lo 467.2000 MHz
Hi 469.2000 MHz
Press þ again and the
display will return to
show the center
frequency (this value
cannot be changed). (To
change the active
channel frequency value
press ”CHANGE”).
BACK
BACK
ýþ
ýþ
CHANGE
CHANGE
Center freq.
Cf 468.2000 MHz
BACK
ýþ
67
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8.2.2 Changing radio settings (transmitter output power and receiver sensitivity)
Press ý ori þ until
the cursor > points
to “Radio settings”
selection and press
”SELECT” to move
on to the submenu.
RF frequency
>Radio settings
Addressing
Port 1
Port 2
Handshaking
Additional
Tests
Factory set-up
Contrast
EXIT
ýþ SELECT
Press ý or þ until the
cursor > points to
the setting to be
modified and press
”CHANGE”.
>TX level
Sig. Threshold
TX start delay
BACK
þ Change
>10mW
20mW
50mW
100mW
200mW
500mW
1000mW
MODIFYING TRANSMITTER OUTPUT
POWER:
The displayed list consists off all possible
values of transmitter output power. Press ý
or þ until the cursor > points to the
desired value and press ”SET”.
NOTICE: The starting position of the
cursor indicates the previously set value.
CANCEL þ
min
>-118
-117
-81
-80
max
MODIFYING RECEIVER SENSITIVITY:
The displayed list consists off all possible
values of receiver sensitivity. Press ý or þ
until the cursor > points to the desired
value and press ”SET”.
NOTICE: The starting position of the
cursor indicates the previously set value.
SET
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
CANCEL ýþ SET
MODIFYING THE TRANSMIT START
DELAY:
The display will show the current value of
the delay. Press ”SET” to modify the value.
TX start delay
Current value:
0 ms
CANCEL ýþ SET
TX start delay
>00000
CANCEL ýþ Next
Press ý or þ until the first digit of the value
has reached the desired value and then
press ”NEXT” to move on to the next digit.
Repeat the above described five (5) times.
TX start delay
>01234
CANCEL ýþ SET
Press ý or þ until the last changeable digit
has the desired value and finally confirm
changes by pressing ”SET”.
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8.2.3 Changing addressing
Press ý or þ until
the cursor >
points to
“Addressing”
selection and
press ”SET-UP” to
move on to the
submenu.
RF frequency
Radio settings
>Addressing
Port 1
Port 2
Additional
Test
Factory set-up
Contrast
EXIT ýþ Set-up
Select the desired
submenu (RX or TX
address) by
pressing ý or þ
and finally press
”CHANGE”.
>RX addr OFF
TX addr OFF
BACK þ Change
Press ý or þ until the first digit of the
address has reached the desired value
and move on to the next digit by pressing
”NEXT”.
RX address
>0000 0000 OFF
CANCEL ýþ Next
Repeat the above described eight (8)
times.
Press NEXT again to jump to the toggle
field (ON/OFF) and change the status to
the desired value by pressing ý and þ
until correct status is reached. Confirm
the new address and status (ON/OFF
state) by pressing ”SET”.
The display will return to the previous
(higher) level submenu.
RX Address
>0123 0123 ON
CANCEL ýþ
SET
NOTICE:
NOTICE Both RX and TX address modifications are done in the same above described way.
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8.2.4 Changing serial port settings (Port
Port 1 and Port 2)
RF frequency
Radio settings
Addressing
Press ý or þ until the cursor >
>Port 1
points to the desired port (in this Port 2
example to Port 1)
1 and move on Handshaking
Additional
to the submenu by pressing
Tests
”SELECT”.
Factory set-up
Contrast
EXIT ýþ SELECT
>ON
19200 bit/s
8 bit data
None parity
1 stop bit
BACK ýþ Change
Press ý or þ until the cursor >
points to the setting to be
modified and then press
”CHANGE”.
MODIFICATION OF PORT STATUS:
Press ý or þ until the cursor > points to the desired port
status. Confirm selection by pressing ”SET”. The display
will return to the previous (higher) level submenu.
NOTICE:
NOTICE The starting position of the cursor indicates
the previously set value.
>P1 ON / P2 OFF
P1 OFF / P2 ON
CANCEL ýþ SET
MODIFICATION OF DATA TRANSFER SPEED:
Press ý or þ until the cursor > points to the desired
data transfer speed value (X bit/s). Confirm the selection
by pressing ”SET”. The display will return to the previous
(higher) level submenu.
NOTICE: The starting position of the cursor indicates
the previously set value.
300
600
1200
2400
4800
9600
>19200
38400
CANCEL
bit/s
bit/s
bit/s
bit/s
bit/s
bit/s
bit/s
bit/s
ýþ SET
MODIFICATION OF THE NUMBER OF DATA BITS:
Press ý or þ until the cursor > points to the desired
number of data bits (7 or 8 or 9 bit data length).
Confirm the selection by pressing ”SET”. The display will
return to the previous (higher) level submenu.
NOTICE:
NOTICE The starting position of the cursor indicates
the previously set value.
7 bit
>8 bit
9 bit
CANCEL
data
data
data
ýþ SET
>None
Even
Odd
CANCEL
parity
parity
parity
ýþ SET
MODIFICATION OF PARITY BITS:
Press ý and þ until the cursor > points to the desired
parity bit status. Confirm the selection by pressing
”SET”. The display will return to the previous (higher)
level submenu.
NOTICE 1:
1 The starting position of the cursor indicates
the previously set value.
NOTICE 2:
2 If the number of data bits is set to 9, the
value of parity bits must be set to NONE (no parity).
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MODIFICATION OF THE NUMBER OF STOP BITS:
Press ý or þ until the cursor > points to the desired
number of STOP bits. Confirm selection by pressing
”SET”. The display will return to the previous (higher)
level submenu.
NOTICE:
NOTICE The starting position of the cursor indicates
the previously set value.
>1 stop bit
2 stop bits
CANCEL ýþ SET
NOTICE: Port 2 settings are modified correspondingly.
8.2.5 Modification of handshaking functions
Press ý or þ until the
cursor > points to
“Handshaking” selection
and move on to the
submenu by pressing
”SELECT”.
RF frequency
Radio settings
Addressing
Port 1
Port 2
>Handshaking
Additional
Tests
Factory set-up
Contrast
EXIT ýþ Select
There are three (3)
submenus relating to
handshaking parameters.
Press ý and þ until the
cursor > points to the
desired submenu
selection and press
”CHANGE”.
>CTS Clr to send
CD RSSI
RTS Ignored
BACK
þ
DEFINING CTS-LINE FUNCTIONS:
Press ý and þ until the desired function is
indicated by the cursor > and confirm selection
by pressing ”SET”. The display will return to the
previous (higher) level submenu.
Change
>CTS Clr to send
Buff state
CANCEL
ýþ
DEFINING CD-LINE FUNCTION:
Press ý and þ until the desired function is
indicated by the cursor > and confirm selection
by pressing ”SET”. The display will return to the
previous (higher) level submenu.
>RSSI
Data
Always ON
RD
DEFINING RTS-LINE STATUS:
Press ý and þ until the desired function is
indicated by the cursor > and confirm selection
by pressing ”SET”. The display will return to the
previous (higher) level submenu.
>Ignored
Flow Cont.
Recept ctrl
CANCEL
CANCEL
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ýþ
SET
SET
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8.2.6 Selecting special functions
Press ý or þ until the cursor > points to
“Additional” selection and press
”SELECT” to move on to the submenu.
RF frequency
Radio settings
Addressing
Port 1
Port 2
>Additional
Test
Factory set-up
Contrast
EXIT ýþ Select
Press ý or þ until the cursor > points to
the setting to be modified. Press
”CHANGE” to toggle the status of the
said parameter from ”ON” to ”OFF”
and vice versa. Press ”CHANGE” until
the parameter has the desired status.
Repeat for all special functions to be
modified and finally confirm all changes
by pressing ”BACK”. The display will
return to the previous (higher) level
submenu.
>Error corr.
Error check
Repeater
SL-commands
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
BACK ýþ Change
8.2.7 Activating tests
Press ý or þ until cursor > points to
“Tests” selection and press ”SELECT” to
move on to the submenu.
RF frequency
Radio settings
Addressing
Port 1
Port 2
Handshaking
Additional
>Tests
Factory set-up
Contrast
EXIT ýþ Select
Press ý or þ until cursor > points to the
test that is to be initiated. Press
”CHANGE” to toggle the status of the
selected test from ”ON” to ”OFF” and
vice versa. Press ”CHANGE” until the
parameter has the desired status. After
the tests have been set to desired states
confirm all changes by pressing ”BACK”.
The display will return to the previous
(higher) level submenu.
>Short Block OFF
Long Block OFF
BACK ýþ Change
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8.2.8 Restoring factory settings
RF frequency
Radio settings
Addressing
Press ý or þ to move cursor >
Port 1
Port 2
to point to “Factory set-up”
selection and press ”SELECT” to Additional
Test
move on to the submenu.
>Factory set-up
Contrast
CANCEL ýþ Select
Press ”YES” and all radio
modem configuration settings
will return to factory settings.
NOTICE: The display will show
the question two (2) times to
make sure that restoring factory
settings is actually intended.
Do you want to
restore factory
settings?
NO
YES
8.2.9 Adjusting the contrast of the LCD-display
RF frequency
Radio settings
Addressing
Press ý or þ to move the cursor
Port 1
Port 2
> to point to “Contrast”
selection and press ”SELECT” to Additional
Test
move on to the submenu.
Factory set-up
>Contrast
CANCEL ýþ Select
The display will show the current
value of contrast. To modify
contrast setting press
”CHANGE”.
Display contr.
BACK
Press ý or þ until the cursor > points to the desired
contrast level value. Confirm selection by pressing
”SET”. The display will return to the previous (higher)
level submenu.
NOTICE: The modified contrast value will actually
take effect only after the radio modem is switched out
from the configuration mode back into data mode.
NOTICE: The starting position of the cursor indicates
the previously set value.
Change
>3
CANCEL ýþ SET
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8.2.10 Saving modified values into the internal memory
After all desired modifications have been performed they have to be saved in order to make
them permanent (until next modification). This is accomplished by choosing selection ”EXIT”
from the main menu. The display will then show a message (see below) asking a confirmation of
the performed modifications.
By choosing ”YES”
YES” all modifications are saved into the non-volatile memory inside the radio
modem. By choosing ”NO” all modification performed are cancelled and previous settings
remaining in the non-volatile memory.
Press ”YES” to save all
modifications into the nonvolatile memory and ”NO”,
if modifications are to be
cancelled.
Do you want to
make changes
permanent?
No
þ
YES
8.3 Changing parameters using the SL-COMMANDS
The terminal device controlling it can change the configuration settings of a radio modem. This
is accomplished with the help of SL-commands, which can be used during data transfer. SLcommands can be used to change e.g. the frequency or addresses. It is also possible to
interrogate a radio modem in order to gain information concerning current settings that are in
use. The terminal device is either a PC or a programmable logic (PLC) together with suitable
(terminal) program. SL-commands much be enabled using configuration mode before they can
be used.
SL-commands are given using a continuous programming packet, which is separated from other
data by pauses that are at least three (3) characters long. No extra characters are allowed at the
end of such a programming packet. Serial interface settings are the same as in data transfer and
pin 12 of the serial connector MUST NOT be connected to ground (GND). SL-commands
themselves always end with ASCII character number 13 (CR, Carriage Return, 0x0d)*.
When the power of a radio modem is switched off the configuration settings of a radio modem
always return to values defined initially using the configuration mode, thus resetting any settings
changed using SL-commands during power on. It is however possible to save settings changed
by using SL-commands and to make them the new configuration settings.
The radio modem will acknowledge all commands by returning an OK (command carried out or
accepted) message or an ERROR (command not carried out or interpreted as erroneous)
message.
SATELLINE-2ASx –type SL-commands are provided for compatibility reasons.
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8.3.1 Frequency
Command
Effect and description of command
SL&F=nnn.nnnn Set frequency to nnn.nnnn MHz
SL&F?
Display current frequency (response 'nnn.nnnn MHz')
SL&C?
Display center frequency (response 'nnn.nnnn MHz')
SL&+=nn
Set frequency nn channels above center frequency
Frequency = Center frequency + nn * Channel spacing, where nn=[0...Number of
channels/2]
Set frequency nn channels below center frequency
Frequency = Center frequency – nn * Channel spacing, where nn=[0…Number of
channels/2]
Display current frequency deviation from center frequency as channels
(Frequency – Center frequency)/Channel spacing
SL&-=nn
SL&N?
8.3.2 Addressing
Command
Effect and description of command
SL#I=xxxx
Set all addresses (RX1, RX2, TX1, TX2) to value xxxx
SL#I?
Display both primary addresses (TX1, RX1) (response ’xxxx;xxxx’)
SL#T=xxxx
Set both transmit addresses (TX1, TX2) to value xxxx
SL#T?
Display primary transmit address (TX1)
SL#R=xxxx
Set both receive addresses (RX1, RX2) to value xxxx
SL#R?
Display primary receive address (RX1)
xxxx = address in hexadecimal format (0000 … FFFF)
8.3.3 Radio parameters
Command
Effect and description of command
SL@R?
Display field strength of the last received message (the value is an average of many
measurements made during the same reception).
Response ”-xx dBm;-xx dBm”, where xx is a decimal value of the field strength. Two
values returned only if there is a diversity receiver in the device.
Set the RF output power, where xxxxx is the decimal value of the intended power in
milliwatts. If the given value does not correspond to one of the programmed power
levels, the output power is set to the nearest possible value.
Requests the RF output power.
Response ”xxxxx mW”, where xxxxx is a decimal value the output power of the
transmitter.
Set the minimum power level of the signal to be received (="Signal Treshold level),
where xxx is a decimal value of the new intended level in dBm.
Request of the current "Signal Treshold Level". Response is "-xxx dBm.
SL@P=xxxxx
SL@P?
SL@T=-xxx
SL@T?
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8.3.4 Other functions
Command
Effect and description of command
SL**>
Save current settings as permanent settings
SL%V?
Display software revision information (response ’Vn.nn’)
8.3.5 SATELLINE-2ASx/2ASxE –compatible SL-commands
The commands listed in the table below are included only to ensure compatibility and their use
is not recommended in new networks. The commands do not need a CR-character (carriage
return) at the end of the command string.
Command
Effect and description of command
SLHxx
SLAxx
Set frequency xx channels above center frequency.
Frequency = Center frequency + xx*Channel spacing, where xx=[00…99]
Set frequency xx channels below center frequency.
Frequency = Center frequency - xx*Channel spacing, where xx=[00…99]
Set all addresses (RX1, RX2, TX1, TX2) to value xx, where xx=[00h...FFh]
SLTxx
Set both transmit addresses (TX1, TX2) to value xx, where xx=[00h...FFh]
SLRxx
Set both receive addresses (RX1, RX2) to value xx, where xx=[00h...FFh]
SLS0S
Save current settings as permanent settings
SLLxx
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INSTALLATION
9.1 Installation of a Radio Data Modem
The radio modem should be installed with the installation accessories supplied with the radio
modem. There is also an installation part for mounting the radio modem to DIN rail available.
1. Installation with the
installation plate supplied
with the radio modem. The
installation plate is fastened
to the backside of the radio
modem.
The installation plate can
be mounted using the holes
provided on the plate.
2. Installation using the
Velcro-tape provided with
the radio modem.
3. Installation can also be
made directly to customer
equipment.
NOTE!
NOTE!
When selecting a suitable location for the radio modem it must be ensured that no water can
get into the radio modem under any conditions. Direct sunlight is also to be avoided. It is not
recommendable to install the radio modem on a strongly vibrating surface. Suitable
dampening and/or isolation materials should be used in cases where the installation surface
will be subjected to vibration.
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9.2 Connection cables
NOTE!
NOTE!
When installing RS-Interface cables operating voltage of all devices must be off (POWER
OFF condition).
Due to the greater current consumption of SATELLINE-3AS EPIC operating voltage must be
connected to pins 14 AND 15, and ground to pins 7 AND 8. Correct fuse rating is in this
case 4 A (SLOW FUSE).
9.2.1 RS-232 -wiring
Basic RS-232 connection between the radio modem (PORT1) and a typical PC (COMport):
9-PIN D-CONN.
TD
RD
SGND
25-PIN D-CONN.
RADIO MODEM
TD
TD
RD
RD
SGND
SGND
DTR
Fuse 630 mA slow
+Vb
+Vb
GND
GND
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Basic RS-232 connection between the radio modem (PORT1)
and a typical PC (COM-port)
using handshaking:
9-PIN D-CONN.
TD
RD
RTS
CTS
DSR
SGND
CD
DTR
25-PIN D-CONN.
20
RADIO MODEM
TD
TD
RD
RD
RTS
RTS
CTS
CTS
DSR
DSR
SGND
SGND
CD
CD
DTR
DTR
Fuse 630 mA slow
+Vb
11
13
10
+Vb
14,15
GND
GND
7, 8
RS-232 connection between a radio modem (PORT2 in RS-232 mode) and a typical PC
(COM-port):
9-PIN D-CONN.
TD
RD
SGND
25-PIN D-CONN.
RADIO MODEM
TD
TD
RD
RD
SGND
SGND
DTR
Fuse 630 mA slow
+Vb
+Vb
GND
GND
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9.2.2 RS-422 -wiring
PORT2 RS-422 connection:
RADIO MODEM
RD positive
A'
RD negative
B'
TD positive
Termination
resistor
TD negative
DTR
Fuse 630 mA slow
+Vb
+Vb
GND
GND
14,15
7, 8
If the transmission lines are long the receiving end of the lines must be terminated using a
separate termination resistor (typical values range from 100 -120 Ω depending on the
characteristic impedance of the transmission line).
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9.2.3 RS-485 wiring
PORT2 RS-485 connection:
Both ends of the transmission line must be terminated by connecting a separate terminating
resistor (typical value range from 100 – 120 Ω depending on the characteristic impedance of
the line) between the positive and negative signal wire.
RADIO MODEM
Data positive
A'
Termination
resistor
Data negative
B'
DTR
Fuse 630 mA slow
+Vb
+Vb
GND
GND
14,15
7, 8
9.2.4 Power supply
The allowed operating voltage is 9 - 30 VDC. Power supply cables must be connected only to a
power supply with adequate current output (power rating minimum is 10W, with the EPIC-model
50W). The pin 15 of the D-connector is connected to the positive power supply line. Negative
power supply line (ground) is connected to pin 8 of the D-connector. The DTR-line of the radio
modem which is connected to pin 1 can be used as an ON/STAND-BY –switch, by which the
radio modem can be switched either ON (operational state) or OFF (stand by). The logical state
"1" (+5...+30 V) of the DTR-line corresponds to ON-state and a logical state "0" (0 V... -12 V)
corresponds to a STAND-BY –state.
Especially in applications, where the radio modem is used as a portable device (meaning battery
operation), the DTR-line (pin 1) should be connected to a logical state "0" always when it is
possible to conserve battery power and prolong operational time between battery charging.
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9.3 Antenna installation
NOTICE!
Because of the great transmission power of SATELLINE-3AS EPIC radio modem, only an
external antenna is allowed. A whip-antenna directly connected to the antenna connector
must not be used.
9.3.1 Hand-held equipment
•
•
¼-wave antenna (wavelength at frequency of 450 MHz is approximately 70 cm)
Helix-antenna
Antennas are installed directly to the TNC-type antenna connector at the upper part of the radio
modem.
9.3.2 Mobile equipment
•
•
¼-wave antenna
½-wave antenna
The ideal installation position is vertical and there should be at least 0.5 m of free space around
the antenna. In small systems a ¼-wave antenna is sufficient. A separate ground plane should
be placed under the antenna (vehicle rooftop or the engine hood or trunk door are usually
suitable). In problematic cases the most suitable type is a ½-wave antenna. It can be installed
directly at the top of a pipe with the added benefit of gaining as much as free space around the
antenna as possible. In cases which the antenna cannot be directly connected to the TNCconnector of the radio modem, a coaxial cable with 50 Ω impedance must be used between the
antenna and the TNC-connector.
9.3.3 Base stations
•
•
omnidirectional antennas ( ¼- , ½- or 5/8-wave antenna)
directional antennas (yagi/multielement antenna or corner antenna)
The antenna should be installed in a vertical position. The exact location of the antenna
depends on several factors, such as the size of the overall system and the coverage area terrain
contours. A rule of thumb is that the base station antenna should be located at the highest point
of the coverage area and as close to the center of the coverage area as possible. The base
station antenna can also be located inside a building, if the walls of the building do not contain
metal.
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9.3.4 General antenna installation instructions
In cases where connection distances are long or in otherwise unfavourable cases the reliability of
the radio connection depends on the antennas and the way they are installed. Antenna and
cable connectors should also have gold-plated pins and sockets. Use of low quality connectors
usually leads to eventual oxidation of the connector surfaces that will degrade the contact and
cause additional attenuation. Only first class tools and materials must be used when installing
radio modems, antennas and cables. One factor to consider is also the weather tolerance of the
materials used. Installed materials must withstand all foreseeable weather conditions (frost,
excess sun, direct UV-radiation, seawater etc.). Also possible environmental pollution must be
considered (acids, ozone etc.).
Antennas must be installed far enough from metallic objects. In the case of small antennas this
distance should be at least ½ m. With large antennas the distance should be >5 m and in case
of repeater antenna combinations >10 m.
If the system contains a large number of radio modems, the best location for an antenna is the
highest point of a building and possibly an additional antenna mast. If a separate antenna mast
is used, the antenna can, if necessary, be installed sideways about 2…3 m from the mast itself.
When installing an antenna possible interference sources must be considered. Such interference
sources are, for example:
•
•
•
•
•
•
mobile telephone network base station antennas
public telephone network base station antennas
television broadcast antennas
radio relay antennas
other radio modem systems
PC-related devices (approximately 5 m radius from antenna)
When ordering antennas we request you to note that antennas are always tuned to a specific
frequency range. Simple antennas and antennas, which have been constructed of stacked yagiantennas, are typically rather broadband. As the number of yagi-elements increases the
frequency range becomes narrower.
When designing and installing a system it is advisable to prepare to test the system and also to
consider serviceability of the system. Especially cabling should be planned to allow easy access
to different parts and to allow changing of parts. It is usually practical to use rather long antenna
cables, so that the radio modem can be installed far enough from the antenna itself to a
location that is easily accessible.
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The type of the antenna cable is dependent on the length of the antenna cable, and the
following table can be used to select a suitable type:
Length
<5m
0…20m
>20m
>20m
Type
RG58
RG213
NK Cable RFF 1/2"-50
AirCom+
Attenuation 10m/450MHz
3.0dB
1.5dB
0.7dB
0.8dB*
*) AirCom+ cable is partially air insulated, so the use of this cable requires that the connection
between the cable and the connectors are fully airtight.
If there is a line-of-sight path between the antennas a 6 dB power marginal is usually adequate.
Instead, if the connection is built on the reflection and/or the knife-edge diffraction the path loss
can vary even 20 dB depending on the weather conditions. In this case a short test can give a
too positive result of the quality of the connection. Thus the height of the antennas and
topographical obstacles must be surveyed with great care. From time to time a marginal
connection can be used if the data transmission protocol is well prepared for this and the data
transmission that occasionally slows down does not cause any problems to the system.
Vertical polarised antennas (antenna elements are in vertical position) are often used in radio
systems. In a system between a base station and substations the vertical polarisation is generally
recommendable. The antenna of the radio modem can not be mounted on the same level with
the other substation antennas in the same building. The best way to distinguish from the other
antennas situated in the neighbourhood is to mount the antennas as far as possible from each
other on the altitude level. The best result is generally obtained when all the antennas are in the
same mast. With an extra ground plane between the antennas more distinction can be obtained
between the antennas in the mast.
Horizontal polarisation can be used in data transmission between two points. With the
polarisation attenuation more distinction is obtained to vertical polarised systems. The influence
of the directional patterns of the antennas must, however, be taken into consideration. If a
distinction to another interfering antenna is wanted with the horizontal polarised antennas there
must be a good attenuation of the back lobe. In addition to this the interfering radiator should
be situated behind the antenna.
When a system does not demand the use of an omnidirectional antenna it is recommendable to
use directional antennas e.g. two-element yagis in firm external installations. As the antenna
amplification increases the setting of the direction of the antenna demands for a greater care.
The base stations in high places should be supplied with 4...6 degree band-pass filters. Please
note that the higher the antenna the larger the coverage area. The disadvantages of a too high
antenna installation at the base station are that interference from a larger area affects the base
station and that the base station occupies the channel for a too large area.
SATEL recommends the use of a bandpass filter with a large Q in the antenna cable of the base
station.
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Example of an antenna installation: by using amplifying antennas (G=Gain) and by installing
the antenna high, long connection distances can be realised using the SATELLINE-3AS radio
modem.
G > 6 dBi
G > 12 dBi
30 km
15
Low loss
Cable
30 m
km
5m
km
G > 6 dBi
Antenna
Filter
RS Interface
RS Interface
Data
Terminal
Master
Station
RS Interface
Data
Terminal
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10 DESIGNING SYSTEMS
10.1 Factors affecting the quality and distance of the radio connection
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
power of the radio transmitter
sensitivity of the radio receiver
tolerance of spurious radiation’s of the radio modulating signal
amplification of transmitting and receiving antennas
antenna cable attenuation
antenna height
natural obstacles
interference caused by other electrical equipment
The transmitter power of the base model of SATELLINE-3AS is 1 W (maximum) and the sensitivity
of the receiver better than -115 dBm. Thus in a flat area and in free space with a 1/4 wave
antenna (antenna amplification 1dBi) and antenna height of 1 m communication distances of 3
to 4 km can be achieved. Distances may be considerably shorter in situations where there are
metallic walls or other material inhibiting the propagation of radio waves.
Over long distances, increasing the height of antennas can often solve problems caused by
natural obstacles. A ten-fold increase in distance can be achieved with the use of amplifying
antennas. Frequent topographical variations over long distances may require that at least one of
the antennas be raised to a height of 10 to 20 m.
If the antenna cable is more than 10 meters long it is necessary to use a low loss cable (< 0.7
dB /10 m) in order not to waste the antenna amplification. Adding a repeater station can also
solve problematical radio connections. In systems with many base stations the RSSI-signal can
be used to assist in choosing the base station with the best signal. A communications network
can also be built with a combination of cables and radio data modems.
The SATELLINE-3AS radio data modem operates in the 450 MHz band, where man made
interference is insignificant. Long distance interference need not to be taken into account even in
special weather conditions.
The SATELLINE-3AS tolerates normal levels of interference that occur. However, exceptionally
high levels of interference can break through the safeguards and thus cause errors in data
transfer. In mobile vehicle applications the range of operation can be increased by dividing the
transmitted data into e.g. 50...500 byte long blocks and by re-transmitting the defected blocks.
A sufficient safety margin can be obtained by testing the communication path using extra 6 dB
attenuation at the antenna connection and with slightly less effective antennas than those to be
used in the final system.
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10.2 Radio field strength
Radio signal strength must be good enough for successful data transfer. Where field strength is
above a certain level the operational results are very good. Below this level, a few dB marginal
areas occur in which errors begin to be generated by noise and interference that will eventually
lead to loss of connection.
The field strength is at its optimum level in open space, although increasing distance will still
reduce it. It must also be remembered that one open space has different environmental and
external factors to another, and that the effects on transmission quality must be taken into
account when planning the system.
Ground, ground contours and buildings cause attenuation (loss of energy through absorption)
and reflection of radio waves. Buildings reflect radio waves and therefore the affects of
attenuation are not as acute when transmission is over a short distance.
However, the reflected waves will often be a bit delayed, and when they combine with the direct
radio waves they interact in either a weakening or a strengthening way. This causes the fading
effect in mobile systems. In reality very sharp signal drops spaced about 35 cm apart may occur.
The attenuation may even reach 40 dB, normally less.
10.3 Remarks concerning the 869 MHz frequency band
According to a recommendation of ETSI, the frequencies range 869.4…869.65 MHz is reserved
for use of license free radio appliances. The application of this recommendation varies in each
country, and for this reason local regulations concerning this frequency range must always be
checked.
In frequency range 869.4…869.65 MHz, the maximum allowed radiated power of an antenna
is 500 mW erp (+27dBm). When calculating the power antenna cable attenuation and antenna
gain must be taken into account. For example, if the gain of the antenna is 10 dBd and the
attenuation of the antenna cable used is –3dB, the maximum allowed transmission power is 100
mW (+20 dBm). It should be noted that by increasing the gain of the antennas, connection
distance could be increased. This is due to the fact that the output power of the transmission
remains constant, but the added antenna gain of the receiving end will enable reception of
weaker signals than otherwise possible.
System designers must also take into account that at the frequency range of 869.4…869.65
MHz the transmitter is allowed to be ON only 10% of the time. Whether this limit is exceeded or
not, depends on the protocol used. At a frequency range of 869 MHz there are in addition to
the frequency channel 869.4…869.65 MHz also other ranges, but at these ranges the
maximum allowed radiated power is 25 mW and the transmitter is allowed to be ON only 1 %
or 0.1 % of the time.
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11 CHECK LIST
The following points must be taken into account when installing and configuring a radio
modem:
1. All operating voltages of all the equipment concerned must always be switched OFF before
connecting the RS-interface cable.
2. When considering the exact placement of a radio modem and/or its antenna, the following
points must be taken into account to guarantee optimal results:
•
•
•
The antenna should be installed in open space as far as possible from any possible sources
of interference
The radio modem should not be installed onto a strongly vibrating surface
The radio modem should be installed in such a way as to minimise exposure to direct
sunlight or excessive humidity.
3. To ensure reliable operation the voltage output of the power supply used must be stable
enough and the current capability of the power supply must be sufficient.
4. The antenna must be installed according to instructions.
5. Settings of the radio modem must correspond to settings of the terminal.
6. All radio modems in the same system must be configured using same settings (radio
frequency, channel spacing and data field length). See Chapter 4.1.
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12 ACCESSORIES
12.1 RS-232-cables and adapters
Type
ARS-1F
Description
Interface cable adapter D15 m / D9 f
Length
CRS-9
CRS-1M
CRS-1F
CRS-2M
CRS-2F
Interface cable D9 m / D9 f
Interface cable D15 m / D25 m
Interface cable D15 m / D25 f
Interface cable D15 m / D9 m
Interface cable D15 m / D9 f
2m
2m
2m
2m
2m
Note
including 2 m power supply cables a
and programming switch
including power supply cables
including power supply cables
including power supply cables
including power supply cables
Note! In the description, m=male, f=female connector type.
12.2 RS-485/422-cables and adapters
Type
ARS-2
Description
Interface cable adapter D15 m / screw
terminals
Length
Note
Screw terminals for RS-485/422 and
power supply
Length
1m
5m
5m
20 cm
Note
RG58
RG58
RG58
1,5 dB/10 m
0,7 dB/10 m
12.3 RF-cables
Type
CRF-1
CRF-5F
CRF-5M
CRF-20
RG213
AIRCOM+
Description
Cable with TNC m/TNC f-connectors
Cable with TNC m/TNC f-connectors
Cable with TNC m/TNC m-connectors
Cable for connecting a booster and a
radio modem
Low loss cable
Low loss cable
Note! In the description, m=male, f=female connector type.
89
(3 dB/10 m)
(3 dB/10 m)
(3 dB/10 m)
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
12.4 Antennas
Type
GAINFLEX 400-430
GAINFLEX 430-470
CA420Q
CA450Q
MINIFLEX 400-430
MINIFLEX 430-470
Description
Half-wave antenna
Half-wave antenna
Sleeve fed quarter wave whip, 2dBi, 405–440 MHz
Sleeve fed quarter wave whip, 2dBi, 440-475 MHz
Helix antenna
Helix antenna
SATEL antenna selection includes also directional and/or omnidirectional antenna. These can be
supplied separately on request. Antennas are also available for the 869 MHz frequency range.
12.5 Filters and lightning protectors
If a radio modem system is installed in an environment that contains high-power transmitters or
sources of radio frequency interference, it is highly recommendable to insert suitable filters
between each radio modem and its antenna. If a station is installed to a location exposed to
lightning, it is recommended to insert a lightning protector to the feed-line outside the protected
zone. SATEL Customer Support can give guidance in the selection of suitable filters or
protectors.
12.6 Power supplies
Type
MAS-2
MAS-4
Description
220 Vac/12 Vdc/1A
220 Vac/12 Vdc/5A
12.7 Batteries
Type
SATELSET-60
SATELSET-90
SET-BC
SET-C
SET-IC
Description
Battery Pack with a 60 mm Belt Clip
Battery Pack with a 90 mm Belt Clip
Battery Cassette, 1800 mAh capacity
Charger
Installation Cradle
12.8 Installation and enclosures
Type
I-DIN
H-WP
H-EX
Description
Installation plate for DIN rail mounting
Weather proof housing IP54
Housing for potentially explosive environment, EEx d IIC T6 (also IP67)
90
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
13 APPENDIX A
D H
10 A
11 B
12 C
13 D
14 E
15 F
16 10
17 11
18 12
19 13
20 14
21 15
22 16
23 17
24 18
25 19
26 1A
27 1B
28 1C
29 1D
30 1E
31 1F
32 20
33 21
34 22
35 23
36 24
37 25
38 26
39 27
40 28
41 29
42 2A
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
2B
2C
2D
2E
2F
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
3A
3B
3C
3D
3E
3F
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
4A
4B
4C
4D
4E
4F
50
51
52
53
54
55
ASCII CHARACTER TABLE
86 56 V 129 81
87 57 W 130 82
88 58 X 131 83
89 59 Y 132 84
90 5A Z 133 85
91 5B
[ 134 86
92 5C \ 135 87
93 5D ] 136 88
94 5E ^ 137 89
95 5F _ 138 8A
96 60 ` 139 8B
97 61 a 140 8C
98 62 b 141 8D
99 63 c 142 8E
100 64 d 143 8F
101 65 e 144 90
102 66 f 145 91
103 67 g 146 92
104 68 h 147 93
105 69
i 148 94
106 6A
j 149 95
107 6B k 150 96
108 6C l 151 97
109 6D m 152 98
110 6E n 153 99
111 6F o 154 9A
112 70 p 155 9B
113 71 q 156 9C
114 72 r 157 9D
115 73 s 158 9E
116 74
t 159 9F
117 75 u 160 A0
118 76 v 161 A1
119 77 w 162 A2
120 78 x 163 A3
121 79 y 164 A4
122 7A z 165 A5
123 7B { 166 A6
124 7C | 167 A7
125 7D } 168 A8
126 7E ~ 169 A9
127 7F
170 AA
128 80
171 AB
91
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
AC
AD
AE
AF
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
BA
BB
BC
BD
BE
BF
C0
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
CA
CB
CC
CD
CE
CF
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
D7
D8
D9
DA
DB
DC
DD
DE
DF
E0
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
E6
E7
E8
E9
EA
EB
EC
ED
EE
EF
F0
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
FA
FB
FC
FD
FE
FF
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
14 APPENDIX B
14.1 Functional delays
Function
Wakeup time DTR STAND-BY/ON
RS interface turnaround time RS-232
RS interface turnaround time RS-485
Intercharacter delay
Delay (ms)
500
<1
max. 2-3 characters
14.2 Transmission related delays
Delay from the end of transmission to the end of reception on the RS-interface:
Modem 1
TD-line
DATA
start
end
DATA
Modem 2
RD-line
start
end
Delay
Time
92
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
14.2.1 Transmission delays when using a 12,5 kHz radio channel
Transmission delays without FEC-function (Forward Error Correction).
Bps
1200
4800
9600
19200
38400
Number of bytes sent
10
100
40
41
32
33
31
31
34
65
35
88
40
32
31
30
30
500
46
34
31
195
322
Delays are in milliseconds and with a 10% margin.
12.5 kHz radio channel without error correction
350
Delay / ms
300
1200
250
4800
9600
19200
200
150
100
38400
50
10
100
500
Number of Bytes
93
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
Transmission delays with FEC-function (Forward Error Correction).
Bps
1200
4800
9600
19200
38400
Number of bytes sent
10
51
45
45
43
43
50
44
43
43
42
100
53
45
67
105
128
500
58
46
126
364
490
Delays are in milliseconds and with a 10% margin.
12.5 kHz radio channel with error correction
600
Delays / ms
500
1200
4800
400
300
9600
19200
38400
200
100
10
100
500
Number of Bytes
94
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
14.2.2 Transmission delays using a 25 kHz radio channel
Transmission delays without FEC-function (Forward Error Correction).
Bps
1200
4800
9600
19200
38400
Number of bytes sent
10
30
22
20
20
21
30
22
20
20
20
100
31
23
20
20
39
500
37
23
21
20
102
Delays are in milliseconds and with a 10% marginal.
25 kHz radio channel without error correction
120
Delay / ms
100
1200
80
4800
9600
60
19200
38400
40
20
10
100
500
Number of Bytes
95
SATELLINE-3AS
User Guide, Version 2.0
Transmission delays with FEC-function (Forward Error Correction).
Bps
1200
4800
9600
19200
38400
Number of bytes sent
10
35
29
27
27
27
35
28
28
27
26
100
36
30
28
36
57
500
41
32
28
65
186
Delays are in milliseconds and with a 10% margin.
25 kHz radio channel with error correction
Delay / ms
200
150
1200
100
4800
9600
19200
50
38400
10
100
500
Number of Bytes
96

---

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