Samsung Electronics Co SMM-BMAA022000 Smart MBS (Smart Multi-modal Base Station) User Manual

Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Smart MBS (Smart Multi-modal Base Station)

User Manual

Ver. 1.0 LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description
COPYRIGHT This description is proprietary to SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. and is protected by copyright. No information contained herein may be copied, translated, transcribed or duplicated for any commercial purposes or disclosed to the third party in any form without the prior written consent of SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. TRADEMARKS Product names mentioned in this description may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective companies. This description should be read and used as a guideline for properly installing and operating the product. This description may be changed for the system improvement, standardization and other technical reasons without prior notice. If you need updated manuals or have any questions concerning the contents of the manuals, contact our Document Center at the following address or Web site: Address: Document Center 3rd Floor Jeong-bo-tong-sin-dong. Dong-Suwon P.O. Box 105, 416, Maetan-3dong Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea 442-600 Homepage: http://www.samsungdocs.com ©2012 SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. I INTRODUCTION Purpose This description introduces characteristics, features, and structure for Smart MBS (Multi-modal Base Station), which is the Samsung Multi-Modal system. Document Content and Organization This description consists of 4 Chapters and Abbreviation as follows. CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System  Samsung Multi-Modal System Introduction  Samsung Multi-Modal System Network Configuration  Samsung Multi-Modal System Feature CHAPTER 2. Overview of Smart MBS  Smart MBS System Introduction  Smart MBS Main Feature  Smart MBS Specification  Interface between the Systems CHAPTER 3. Smart MBS System Structure  Hardware Structure  Software Structure CHAPTER 4. Message Flow  CDMA, LTE Call Processing Message Flow  Loading flow ABBREVIATION Provides definition for acronyms used in this description.
INTRODUCTION II © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Conventions The following types of paragraphs contain special information that must be carefully read and thoroughly understood. Such information may or may not be enclosed in a rectangular box, separating it from the main text, but is always preceded by an icon and/or a bold title. NOTE Indicates additional information as a reference. Revision History EDITION DATE OF ISSUE REMARKS 1.0 2012. 02. First Edition
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. III TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION I Purpose .................................................................................................................................................. I Document Content and Organization..................................................................................................... I Conventions........................................................................................................................................... II Revision History..................................................................................................................................... II CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System 1-1 1.1 Introduction to Samsung Multi-Modal System.................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Samsung Multi-Modal System Network Configuration....................................................... 1-3 1.2.1 CDMA System Network Configuration.................................................................................1-4 1.2.2 LTE System Network Configuration .....................................................................................1-7 1.3 Samsung Multi-Modal System Feature.............................................................................. 1-10 1.3.1 CDMA System Feature.......................................................................................................1-10 1.3.2 LTE System Feature........................................................................................................... 1-11 CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract 2-1 2.1 Smart MBS System Introduction.......................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 CDMA System Feature.........................................................................................................2-3 2.1.2 LTE System Feature.............................................................................................................2-3 2.2 Smart MBS Main Feature....................................................................................................... 2-7 2.2.1 Physical Layer Processing Function ....................................................................................2-7 2.2.2 Call Processing Function.................................................................................................... 2-11 2.2.3 IP Processing Function.......................................................................................................2-13 2.2.4 Operation and Maintenance Function................................................................................2-13 2.3 Specifications ...................................................................................................................... 2-16 2.4 Interface between Systems................................................................................................. 2-18 2.4.1 CDMA Interface Structure...................................................................................................2-18 2.4.2 LTE Interface Structure.......................................................................................................2-20 2.4.3 Physical Interface Operation Method .................................................................................2-25
TABLE OF CONTENTS IV © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. CHAPTER 3. Smart MBS Structure 3-1 3.1 Smart MBS Hardware Structure..............................................................................................3-1 3.1.1 Internal Configuration of System (CDMA)............................................................................3-5 3.1.2 Internal Configuration of System (LTE) ................................................................................3-7 3.1.3 UADU....................................................................................................................................3-9 3.1.4 LRU.....................................................................................................................................3-14 3.1.5 Power Device......................................................................................................................3-16 3.1.5 Environment Devices..........................................................................................................3-18 3.1.6 Interface structure...............................................................................................................3-20 3.2 Smart MBS Software Structure ...........................................................................................3-24 3.2.1 CDMA Software Structure...................................................................................................3-24 3.2.2 LTE Software Structure.......................................................................................................3-29 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow 4-1 4.1 Call Processing Message Flow .............................................................................................4-1 4.1.1 CDMA Call Processing Message Flow ................................................................................4-1 4.1.2 LTE Call Processing Message Flow...................................................................................4-18 4.2 Loading Flow ........................................................................................................................4-29 ABBREVIATION I A ~ C....................................................................................................................................................... I D ~ F...................................................................................................................................................... II G ~ M.................................................................................................................................................... III N ~ P.....................................................................................................................................................IV Q ~ S......................................................................................................................................................V T ~ W ....................................................................................................................................................VI LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Network Configuration of Samsung Multi-Modal System.......................................1-3 Figure 1.2 CDMA System Network Configuration ...................................................................1-4 Figure 1.3 LTE System Network Configuration .......................................................................1-7 Figure 1.4 CDMA System Functional Structure.....................................................................1-10 Figure 1.5 Functions of E-UTRAN and EPC .........................................................................1-11 Figure 2.1 Protocol Stack between BTS and MS ..................................................................2-18 Figure 2.2 Protocol Stack between BTS and BSC ................................................................2-19
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. V Figure 2.3 Protocol Stack between BTS and BSM ............................................................... 2-19 Figure 2.4 LTE Interface Structure........................................................................................ 2-20 Figure 2.5 Protocol Stack between UE and eNB.................................................................. 2-21 Figure 2.6 Protocol Stack between eNB and EPC................................................................ 2-22 Figure 2.7 Protocol Stack between eNB and MME............................................................... 2-22 Figure 2.8 Protocol Stack between eNBs (User Plane) ........................................................ 2-23 Figure 2.9 Protocol Stack between eNBs (Control Plane) .................................................... 2-23 Figure 2.10 Protocol Stack between eNB and LSM.............................................................. 2-24 Figure 3.1 Smart MBS Configuration...................................................................................... 3-2 Figure 3.2 CDMA/LTE 3Sector Configuration......................................................................... 3-3 Figure 3.3 CDMA/LTE 4 Sector Configuration........................................................................ 3-4 Figure 3.4 CDMA/LTE 6 Sector Configuration........................................................................ 3-4 Figure 3.5 Internal Configuration of System (CDMA) ............................................................. 3-5 Figure 3.6 Internal Configuration of System (LTE) ................................................................. 3-7 Figure 3.7 UADU Configuration.............................................................................................. 3-9 Figure 3.8 Cooling Structure of the UADU (FANM-C4)......................................................... 3-13 Figure 3.9 Power Device Configuration................................................................................ 3-16 Figure 3.10 Power Structure................................................................................................. 3-17 Figure 3.10 Configuration of Environment Devices .............................................................. 3-18 Figure 3.11 Hardware Interface structure of UADU (CDMA) ................................................ 3-20 Figure 3.12 Hardware Interface structure of UADU (LTE) .................................................... 3-22 Figure 3.13 Hardware Interface structure of LRU-C2........................................................... 3-23 Figure 3.14 CDMA Software Structure ................................................................................. 3-24 Figure 3.15 CDMA Call Processing Software Structure........................................................ 3-24 Figure 3.16 CDMA OAM Software Structure ........................................................................ 3-25 Figure 3.17 CDMA Common Software Structure.................................................................. 3-27 Figure 3.18 LTE Software Structure ..................................................................................... 3-29 Figure 4.1 1X voice call origination......................................................................................... 4-2 Figure 4.2 1X voice call termination ....................................................................................... 4-4 Figure 4.3 1X packet data call origination............................................................................... 4-6 Figure 4.4 1X packet data call termination ............................................................................. 4-7 Figure 4.5 1X voice call soft handoff ...................................................................................... 4-8 Figure 4.6 1X call release by MS............................................................................................ 4-9 Figure 4.7 1X call release by WSS....................................................................................... 4-10 Figure 4.8 1xEV-DO Session setup.......................................................................................4-11 Figure 4.9 1xEV-DO MS authentication and PPP setup....................................................... 4-12 Figure 4.10 Transition to the 1xEV-DO Dormant state ......................................................... 4-13 Figure 4.11 Transition from 1xEV-DO Dormant status to the Active state by MS ................. 4-14
TABLE OF CONTENTS VI © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Figure 4.12 Transition from 1xEV-DO Dormant status to the Active state by network...........4-15 Figure 4.13 1xEV-DO softer handoff .....................................................................................4-16 Figure 4.14 1xEV-DO soft handoff ........................................................................................4-17 Figure 4.15 Attach Process...................................................................................................4-18 Figure 4.16 Service Request Process by UE........................................................................4-20 Figure 4.17 Service Request Process by Network................................................................4-21 Figure 4.18 Detach Process by UE.......................................................................................4-22 Figure 4.19 Detach Process by MME ...................................................................................4-23 Figure 4.20 X2-based Handover Procedure..........................................................................4-24 Figure 4.21 S1-based Handover Procedure..........................................................................4-26 Figure 4.22 Smart MBS’ Loading Message Flow ..................................................................4-30
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 1-1 CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System 1.1 Introduction to Samsung Multi-Modal System As mobile telecommunication technology has experienced rapid growth from analog mobile telecommunication (1st Generation) to digital mobile telecommunication (2nd Generation) to CDMA2000 (3rd Generation), and into WiMAX/LTE (4th Generation), voice service is being expanded into data service. Especially, wire/wireless hybrid service and new type mobile terminal such as smart phone increased the demands for the high speed wireless technology. Along with the enhancement of various mobile telecommunication networks, it is now becoming common for a single terminal to support different mobile technologies. Samsung Multi-Modal System is multi-mode base station that will satisfy such needs of mobile telecommunication market by integrating voice (1X), data (1xEV-DO) and 4G generation equipment(for example, LTE) into a single base station equipment. Samsung Multi-Modal System mounts common Digital Unit (DU) platform, and Radio Unit (RU) per each frequency bandwidth that operator can decide to configure it with either single or multiple mobile technology. Samsung Multi-Modal System provides CDMA of Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) method and LTE FDD. In this case, Samsung Multi-Modal System supports the following telecommunication technologies and major features. Enhancement of CDMA Service Quality When Samsung Multi-Modal system is operating in CDMA mode, it provides EV-DO Rev0/RevA and 1X Advanced capabilities for an improved throughput and higher voice capacity. The 2branch Rx Diversity feature provides enhanced CDMA network coverage for the system. CDMA2000 1X/1X Advanced Enhanced Variable Rate Codec-B (EVRC-B), Reverse Link Interference Cancellation (RLIC), Quasi Orthogonal Function (QOF) and New Radio Configuration (RC) are applied
CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System 1-2 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. to Samsung Multi-Modal system based on CDMA2000 1X. Therefore, Samsung Multi-Modal system interworks with mobile terminal that Qualcomm Linear Interference Cancellation (eQLIC), Mobile Receive Diversity (MRD) and New RC are applied to, can support 1X Advanced that improves voice call capacity. CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.0/Rev.A Samsung Multi-Modal system supports CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.0/Rev.A for data service on CDMA network. Long Term Evolution (LTE) Samsung Multi-Modal system supports the service based on 3GPP LTE(a.k.a. LTE). It improves the existing 3GPP mobile telecommunication system (low data throughput, but high in cost) to a next generation wireless network system which provides a high speed data service with minimal cost. Samsung Multi-Modal system supports downlink Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) with either FDD, Uplink Single Carrier (SC) Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), and scalable bandwidth (for various spectrum allocation) to provide high speed data service. Also, high-end hardware is implemented to improve system performance and capacity that various high speed data feature/service can be provided. Ease of Expanding 4G Service Samsung Multi-Modal system only requires minimal board replacements and software upgrades to provide a combined service of existing technology and 4G service from the existing DU-RU cabinet and battery cabinet. Samsung Multi-Modal system utilizes the existing cables, rectifiers, and batteries. The ease of 4G-installation and co-existence of technologies will bring about a lot flexibility and efficiency for the operator in network implementation, transition and expansion of future 4G service. Green Solution Samsung Multi-Modal system combines the equipment of 3G base station and the equipment of the next generation 4G base station into a single base station, and also contains the rectifier within the DU-RU cabinet. Samsung Multi-Modal system can reduce the number of the equipment Provides Efficient Backhaul Operation Samsung Multi-Modal system provides functionality that can operate multiple telecommunication technologies into a single physical backhaul network for reducing backhaul expenses. In addition, it supports an efficient backhaul operation by providing a ‘per-technology’ sectional network operation by logically separating the backhaul, minimizing traffic interference between different technologies.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 1-3 1.2 Samsung Multi-Modal System Network Configuration Samsung Multi-Modal system plays a role as CDMA/LTE base station in a network where CDMA and LTE systems co-exist. Samsung Multi-Modal System is configured as follows: Figure 1.1 Network Configuration of Samsung Multi-Modal System When operating as CDMA, Samsung Multi-Modal system communicates with BSC (CDMA controller), and operator may use BSM (EMS of CDMA) to control and manage CDMA portion of Samsung Multi-Modal system. Likewise, when operating as LTE, it communicates with EPC, and operator may use LSM-R (EMS of LTE) to control and manage LTE portion of Samsung Multi-Modal system. PSTN SMS VMS SCP CDMA LTE STP HLR MAP MAP MAP WIN AAA WSS MGW BSC Samsung Multi-Modal System PCRF IMS-HSS LTE-HSS/SPR DPI HAHSGW/ PDSN EPC (MME/S-GW/P-GW) S1 AAA A10/A11 PMIP A1p A2p RADIUS RADIUS Gx Sp S6a PDN
CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System 1-4 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 1.2.1 CDMA System Network Configuration CDMA system network consists of Access Networks (AN) for mobile terminal access, Voice Core Network (VCN) for voice service, and Packet Core Network (PCN) for packet data service. AN consists of Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Base Station Controller (BSC), and BSS System Manager (BSM) to manage these components. AN communicates with VCN (MGW, WSS, etc.) and PCN (AN-AAA, PDSN, etc.) to provide voice/data communication service to mobile subscribers. CDMA network architecture of Samsung Multi-Modal system is as follows: Figure 1.2 CDMA System Network Configuration MS MS WSS MGW VCN AN-AAA PDSN Internet PCN A2p IS2000, IS856 Proprietary A12 A1p A10, A11 Proprietary EMS BSC Proprietary BSM BTSAN Proprietary …BTS
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 1-5 Base Transceiver Station (BTS) BTS is a system that handles wireless interface with mobile terminals(Mobile Station, MS) in accordance with CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO standards as base station of CDMA. BTS receives data from MS and forwards it to core network through BSC, and receives data from core network via BSC and forwards it to MS. In order to play a role as wireless transceiver, BTS manages Radio Frequency (RF) resources such as Carrier Allocation (CA), Walsh codes. BTS also supports RF scheduling and power control functionality. Base Station Controller (BSC) Through various backhaul interfaces, BSC coordinates with multiple BTS, and provides resources that are required for communicating with BTS. BSC communicates with VCN to process voice/circuit data calls, and coordinates with PCN to process packet data calls. It also carries out operation/maintenance function in conjunction with BSM. It executes Radio Link Protocol (RLP) and Selection and Distribution Unit (SDU) function aiding handoff of MSs between BTSs. BSC also has Packet Control Function (PCF) SC/MM feature that provides Session Control and Mobility Management function in 1xEV-DO network. BSS System Manager (BSM) BSM provides operator interface that operators can control and manage BSC and BTS. For Operation and Maintenance of BSC and BTS, BSM provides required commands such as alarm/status/performance display, configuration management, and parameter control of the system. Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN) System PDSN is a system which connects PCN to CDMA2000 1X or 1xEV-DO, and it enables/maintains/disables the PPP to MS. PDSN particularly carries out functionality as Foreign Agent (FA) for Home Agent (HA) to provide mobile IP service. Access Network-Authorization, Authentication and Accounting (AN-AAA) AN-AAA is a server that performs access network authentication for subscribers in 1xEV-DO network. AN-AAA executes authentication based on Network Access Identifier (NAI), and manages the mapping data of International Mobile Station Identity (IMSI) and MS NAI. Media Gateway (MGW) MGW is an equipment that provides bearer gateway functionality (media conversion and handling) in a CDMA network. MGW exchanges Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) data (which is based on TDM) with PSTN, and exchanges voice frame (which is based on IP) with BSC.
CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System 1-6 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Wireless Softswtich (WSS) WSS is a system component which provides switching role in CDMA voice network. It also provides additional services for connecting subscribers to additional equipments or other networks (PSTN).
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 1-7 1.2.2 LTE System Network Configuration LTE network of Samsung Multi-Modal system incorporates base station (eNB), packet core (EPC), LSM. The LTE system consists of multiple base stations (eNB: Evolved UTRAN Node-B) and EPC(MME, S-GW/P-GW) provides functionality for UE to connect to external network as subnet of PDN. In addition, LTE system provides LSM and self-optimization function for operation and maintenance of eEB. LTE network architecture of Samsung Multi-Modal system is as follows: Figure 1.3 LTE System Network Configuration Evolved UTRAN Node-B (eNB) eNB is a system located between mobile terminal (User Equipment, UE) and EPC, and it handles the packet calls by connecting to UE wirelessly in accordance with LTE air standard. eNB executes various functions including Tx/Rx of wireless signal, modulation/demodulation of packet traffic, packet scheduling for efficient use of RF resources, Hybrid Automatic Repeat request (HARQ) and Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) process, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) of compressed packet header, and wireless resource control. Also, it synchronizes with EPC to execute handover. UE UECG PCRF HSS/SPR Uu S1-U S1-MME EMS LSM-C Smart MBS Smart MBS EMS LSM-R MSS OCS EPC RMI S5/S8 Gx S-GW Sp TL1 MME P-GW Gy S11 S6a Gz Gz S1 S10 PDN X2-C X2-U SNMP/FTP/UDP
CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System 1-8 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Evolved Packet Core (EPC) EPC is a system between eNB and PDN. It incorporates MME, S-GW/P-GW.  MME: MME handles control message with eNB via Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling protocol, and performs management of mobility for UE, management of tracking area list, control plane function such as bearer and session management.  S-GW: S-GW plays role as anchor on user plane between 2G/3G access system and LTE system. S-GW manages/processes packet transmit layer of downlink/uplink data.  P-GW: P-GW allocates IP address to UE, plays role as anchor for mobility between LTE system and non-3GPP access systems, manages accounting for different service levels, and handles management/modification of the throughput rate. LTE System Manager (LSM) LSM provides the following functions.  LTE System Manager-Radio (LSM-R) The LSM-R provides an operator interface which the operator can use for operation and maintenance of the eNB. It also provides functions for software management, configuration management, performance management and fault management, and Self Organizing Network (SON) server.  LTE System Manager-Core (LSM-C) The LSM-C provides an operator interface which the operator can use for operation and maintenance of the MME, S-GW and P-GW. Home Subscriber Server (HSS) The HSS is a database management system that stores and manages the parameters and location information for all registered mobile subscribers. The HSS manages key data, such as the mobile subscriber’s access capability, basic and supplementary services, and provides a routing function to the called subscriber. Master SON Server (MSS) MSS is a higher node of local SON server. MSS interworks with local SON server to optimize the interworking in regards to Multi-LSM. MSS is a function that is interworking with the operator Operations Support System (OSS), and the availability of this optional function will be decided after discussion with operator. Policy Charging & Rule Function (PCRF) The PCRF server creates policy rules to dynamically apply the QoS and accounting policies differentiated by service flow, or creates the policy rules that can be applied commonly to multiple service flows. The IP edge includes the Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF), which allows application of policy rules received from the PCRF server to each service flow.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 1-9 Online Charging System (OCS) If subscribers (with online accounting information) makes call, subscriber’s accounting information is sent/received. Offline Charging System (OFCS) OFCS stores the offline accounting data, and provides accounting data per each subscriber.
CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System 1-10 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 1.3 Samsung Multi-Modal System Feature 1.3.1 CDMA System Feature Following Figure shows CDMA system (BSC, BTS) based on 1X/1xEV-DO. Figure 1.4 CDMA System Functional Structure BSC works with voice core equipments (MGW, WSS) to process signaling and bearer for voice service.  SUA (SCCP User Adaptation) Handler: Responsible for Alp signaling with WSS  Voice Handler: Voice Handler sends the voice bearer traffic to MGW. In addition, it works with PDSN for 1X data and 1xEV-DO data service.  A10 Handler: A10 Handler manages the bearer traffic of 1X data and 1xEV-DO data service.  A11 Handler: A11 Handler manages signaling of data service.  RLP Handler: RLP Handler manages the ARQ functionality for data communication.  AN-AAA client: AN-AAA client interworks with AN-AAA for authentication of 1x EV-DO terminal.  Session Control/Mobility Management (SC/MM): SC/MM provides session control and mobility management for 1xEV-DO.  Paging Controller: Paging Controller controls the paging for incoming call.  IP Packet forwarding and Packet Classification: IP Packet forwarding and Packet Classification function on BSC and BTS together provides the packet prioritization and classification for implementing the QoS on Abis and air interface. BSC 1xEV-DO AN-AAA Client SC/MM 1X Voice BTS A11 Handler A10 Handler RLP Handler Paging Controller IP Packet ForwardingPacket ClassificationARQ Voice HandlerSUA Handler IP Packet Forwarding Packet Classification HARQMAC PHYL3 Abis
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 1-11 BTS is responsible for radio resource control and air interface communication with MS. Through Common Air Interface (CAI), it provides features such as high speed data service, multimedia service, handoff procedures and QoS in accordance with standards defined in 3GPP2 C.S0024-0_v4.0 and 3GPP2 C.S0024-A_v3.0. 1.3.2 LTE System Feature The eNB manages UEs which are in connected mode at the Access Stratum (AS) level. The MME manages UEs which are in idle mode at the Non-Access Stratum (NAS) level, and the P-GW manages user data at the NAS level as well as working with other networks. The functional architecture of E-UTRAN eNB, MME, S-GW, and P-GW according to the 3GPP standard is shown below. The eNB is structured in layers while the EPC is not. Figure 1.5 Functions of E-UTRAN and EPC eNB The eNB serves the Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN), a wireless access network in the LTE system. The eNBs are connected via the X2 interface whereas the eNB and EPC are connected via S1 interface. The eNB’s wireless protocol layers are divided into Layer 2 and Layer 3. Layer 2 is subdivided into the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and PDCP layer, each operating independently. Layer 3 has the RRC layer. The MAC sublayer distributes wireless resources to each bearer according to its priority, and carries out the multiplexing function and the HARQ function for the data received S1MME NAS Security Idle State Mobility Handling EPS Bearer Control S-GW Mobility Anchoring P-GW Packet Filtering UE IP address allocation EPC Internet eNB Inter Cell RRM RB Control Connection Mobility Control Radio Admission Control eNB Measurement Configuration & Provision Dynamic Resource Allocation (Scheduler) RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY E-UTRAN
CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System 1-12 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. from the multiple upper logical channels. The RLC layer performs the following functions.  Segmentation and reassembly on the data received from the PDCP sublayer into the size specified by the MAC sublayer  Restoration of the transmission by resending in case of transmission failure at lower-level layers (ARQ)  Re-ordering of the HARQ operation of the MAC sublayer The PDCP layer carries out the following functions.  Header compression and decompression  Ciphering and deciphering of the user plane and control plane data  Integrity protection and verification of the control plane data  Data transmission of data, including serial numbers  Removing timer-based and duplicate data The RRC layer is responsible for managing mobility in the wireless access network, keeping and controlling the Radio Bearer (RB), managing RRC connections, and sending system information. Mobility Management Entity (MME) The MME works with the E-UTRAN (eNB), handling S1 Application Protocol (S1-AP) signaling messages in the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) base to control call connections between the MME and eNB as well as handling NAS signaling messages in the SCTP base to control mobility and call connections between the UE and EPC. The MME also works with the HSS to obtain, modify and authenticate subscriber information, and works with the S-GW to request assignment, release and modification of bearer paths for data routing and forwarding using the GTP-C protocol. The MME can work with the 2G and 3G systems, SGSN, and MSC to provide mobility, Handover (HO), Circuit Service (CS) fallback, and Short Message Service (SMS). The MME is also responsible for managing mobility between eNBs, idle-mode UE reachability, Tracking Area (TA) list as well as for P-GW/S-GW selection, authentication, and bearer management. MME supports the handover between MMEs and provides the mobility for the handover between the eNBs. It also supports the SGSN selection function upon handover to a 2G or 3G 3GPP network. Serving Gateway (S-GW) The S-GW performs the mobility anchor function upon inter-eNB handover and inter-3GPP handover as well as routing and forwarding of packet data. The S-GW allows the operator to set a different charging policy by UE, PDN or QCI, and manages the packet transport layer for uplink/downlink data. The S-GW also works with the MME, P-GW, and SGSN to support the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) and Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP).
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 1-13 PDN Gateway (P-GW) The P-GW works with PCRF to carry out charging and bearer policies, and manage the charging and transmission rate based on the service level. It also provides packet filtering per subscriber, assigns IP addresses to UEs, and manages the packet transmission layer of the downlink data.
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 2-1 CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract 2.1 Smart MBS System Introduction Smart MBS is the Samsung Multi-Modal system. It is managed by packet core (BSC, EPC), and makes call to terminal to create CDMA/LTE links. It is controlled by the BSC(CDMA), DPC(LTE)for connecting CDMA/LTE calls to the mobile terminal. To this end, the Smart MBS provides the following functions: modulation/demodulation of packet traffic signal, scheduling and radio bandwidth allocation to manage air resources efficiently and ensure Quality of Service (QoS), Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) processing, ranging function, connection control function to transmit the information on the Smart MBS and set/hold/disconnect the packet call connection, handover control, control station such as BSC/EPC interface function, power control function and system operation management function. The Smart MBS securely and rapidly transmits various control signals and traffic signals by interfacing with the BSC/EPC via the Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet backhaul. Physically, the Smart MBS consists of an Universal platform type A Digital Unit (UADU), which is a DU, and Local Radio Unit (LRU), which is a combined RF unit. UADU and LRU are mounted on the outdoor cabinet with rectifier. UADU is a digital part, which is a type of 19 in. shelf. It can be mounted onto outdoor 19 inch commercial rack, and one UADU can provide the following maximum capacity. Based on operator’s setup, it can be operated as omni type or sector type.  CDMA 1X/EV-DO  1X : 2 Carrier/3 Sector(2br)  1xEV-DO : 2 Carrier/3 Sector(2br)  LTE: 5 MHz 1 Carrier/6 Sector LRU cab be operated as follows as RF part.  Advanced Wireless Services (AWS) band, 2Tx/2Rx RF path
CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract 2-2 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Smart MBS also provided the following features: Common Platform Digital boards of each wireless technology, to be mounted in Smart MBS, share the common DU platform. Therefore, different boards (for multiple technologies) may be mounted in a single DU, and operator can mount up to 2 UADUs in outdoor cabinet to implement various configurations. LRU of Smart MBS can simultaneously support multiple technologies in the same duplexing type with the same bandwidth. Loopback Test Smart MBS provides the loopback test function to check whether communication is normal on the baseband I/Q interface line between the UADU and LRU. Remote Firmware Downloading The operator can upgrade the LRU and its service by replacing its firmware. Without visiting the field station, the operator can download firmware to the LRU remotely using a simple command from the BSM/LSM-R. In this way, operators can minimize the number of visits to the field station, reducing maintenance costs and allowing the system to be operated with greater ease. Monitoring Port Operators can monitor the information for an LRU using its debug port. Smooth Migration The UADU of the Smart MBS supports migration from CDMA to 4G mobile communication such as LTE by adding traffic processor card/channel cards and upgrading the software. The LRU of the Smart MBS, on the other hand, only requires software upgrade for evolving into 4G mobile communication in the same frequency range or even simultaneous operation of 3G and 4G mobile communications.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 2-3 2.1.1 CDMA System Feature Support for 1X Advanced Smart MBS supports 1X Advanced to improve voice call capacity and data rate. For this, 1X Advanced applies EVRC-B, RLIC, QOF, New RC, QLIC, MRD, etc. Tx/RX Diversity Support LRU of Smart MBS supports Time Division Transmit Diversity (TDTD) that transmit the output of CDMA modem(1Tx) to RF path of 2Tx to improve Tx performance on option. Also, the LRU support 2brach Rx diversity to improve Rx performance that provides 2 Rx path for each sector. 2.1.2 LTE System Feature OFDMA/SC-FDMA Technology Smart MBS can handle downlink OFDMA/uplink SC-FDMA channel processing that supports the Physical Layer of LTE standard. Downlink OFDMA can use sub-carrier, which are assigned to each subscriber, to simultaneously send data to multiple users. Also, in accordance with the requested data transfer rate, it can assign single (or multiple) sub-carrier to particular subscriber for data transmission. Also, when entire sub-carriers are shared by multiple subscribers, OFDMA can dynamically determine well-matched sub-carrier for each subscriber, so that resource can be assigned efficiently to enhance data throughput. Uplink SC-FDMA is basically similar to Mod/Demodulation algorithm of OFDMA. However, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) process is handled per each subscriber during Tx Modulation, then on contrary, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) process is handled during Demodulation to minimize potential Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) that can occur during the transmission. Also it is responsible for assigning the particular frequency resource to particular subscriber continuously. As a result, it will reduce the power that is dissipated by terminal. Support for Broadband Channel Bandwidth Smart MBS provides multiple bandwidth of 5 MHz, 10 MHz and high speed/high capacity packet service. Support for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Smart MBS uses multi antenna to support 2Tx/2Rx MIMO. MIMO has following algorithms.  Space Frequency Block Coding (SFBC)-Downlink  Increases Link Reliability  This technology implements Space Time Block Coding (STBC) on frequency domain rather than time domain.  2 Tx Case: STBC (Alamouti codes) algorithm is used.  4 Tx Case: SFBC and Frequency Switched Transmit Diversity (FSTD) are used
CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract 2-4 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. together.  Spatial Multiplexing (SM)-Downlink This algorithm sends different data to different antenna path to increase peak data rate. (each path uses same time/frequency resource)  Single User (SU)-MIMO: This is the SM between base station and single mobile terminal. It increases the peak data rate of a single mobile terminal.  Open-loop SM: If channel changes often, or channel information is not available because mobile terminal travels in high speed, this is the SM algorithm that works without Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI) feedback.  Closed-loop SM: If channel information is available because UE travels in low speed, this is the SM algorithm (codebook-based precoding) that works after receiving UE’s PMI feedback from base station.  UL Transmit Antenna Selection-Uplink This is the algorithm that indicates terminal to use 1 RF chain, 2 Tx antenna, and which antenna to use. (Closed-loop selection of Tx antenna)  Multi-User (MU) MIMO or Collaborative MIMO-Uplink  There is no increase in peak data rate of each mobile terminal, but this algorithm increases the total cell throughput.  2 mobile terminals transfers different data simultaneously using the same time/frequency resource for UL  Smart MBS uses single Tx antenna, and selects two orthogonal terminals. QoS Support Smart MBS provides QoS for the EPS bearer/E-RAB based on the standard QCI and operator-specific QCI of the 3GPP TS. 23.203 specifications. Detailed techniques to provide QoS are:  QoS-based radio scheduling  The scheduler allocates resources to provide the GBR based on QoS characteristics (resource type, priority, PDB and PLER).  The scheduler supports the Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR) for non-GBR bearers.  Backhaul QoS  QoS mapping between the QoS class and DSCP  IP DSCP and Ethernet COS markings are used to satisfy the carrier’s backhaul requirements.  Transmission is controlled according to the priority by QoS classes, such as signaling, user traffic and O & M traffic.  QoS-based CAC The CAC algorithm accepts calls only when the requested bit rate and QoS can be satisfied.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 2-5 SON SON provides functions such as self-configuration, self-establishment and self-optimization. Self-Configuration & Self-establishment Self-configuration and the self-establishment allow system to configure radio parameters automatically, and to be powered up and have backbone connectivity without human interventions. This will reduce the cost of eNB installation and management. The detailed functions are as follows:  Self-configuration  Initial Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) self-configuration  Initial neighbor information self-configuration  Initial Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) information self-configuration  Self-establishment  Auto OAM connectivity  Software and configuration data loading  Automatic S1/X2 setup  Self-Test Self-Optimization  PCI auto-configuration The local SON server of the LSM provides the function for allocating the initial PCI in the self-establishment procedure of a new system, and the function for detecting a problem automatically and setting a proper PCI when a PCI collision/confusion occurs during operation with the adjacent cells.  Automatic Neighbor Relation (ANR) optimization The ANR function dynamically manages the Neighbor Relation Table (NRT) according to neighbor cells growing/degrowing reduced so as to minimize the network operator’s efforts to maintain the optimal NRT. To maintain the optimal NRT, SON server is required to self-configure initial NRT of each system and to detect environmental changes during operation, such as cell growing/degrowing or new system installation. In other words, the ANR function updates the NRT for each eNB by automatically recognizing the topology change such as installing or removing a new adjacent cell or adjacent system and by adding or removing the Neighbor Relation (NR) to or from a new adjacent cell.  Mobility robustness optimization Based on the moment before, after, or during handover caused by mobile terminal mobility within the system, the mobility robustness optimization function is to improve handover performance by recognizing problems that trigger handover at the incorrect time (e.g., too early or too late) or to the incorrect target cell and by optimizing the handover parameters according to the causes of the problems.  RACH optimization The RACH Optimization (RO) function can minimize the network operator’s efforts to minimize access delay and interference by managing dynamically the parameters related to random access. The RO function is divided into the initial RACH setting
CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract 2-6 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. operation and the operation for optimizing parameters related to the RACH.  The initial RACH setting is to set the preamble signatures and the initial time resource considering the neighbor cells.  The parameter optimization related to the RACH is to optimize the related parameters by estimating the RACH resources, such as time resource and subscriber transmission power required for random access that changes by time during operation.  Load balancing The Load balancing feature in a multi-carrier environment selects and hands over mobile terminal from a high-loaded carrier and to a low-loaded carrier. If all carriers in the same sector are highly loaded, it selects a low-loaded neighbor cell and the mobile terminal in the cell edge to perform handover. The mobile terminal selection algorithm tries to minimize the QoS degradation. Idle UE distribution function among carriers ensures that mobile terminals are camped in a way that they are distributed to low-loaded carriers, considering the active UE load distribution among the carriers in the same sector. Availability of System Features and Functions For availability and provision schedule of the features and functions described in this system description, please refer to separate documentations.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 2-7 2.2 Smart MBS Main Feature Smart MBS is a base station that supports CDMA/LTE technology which provides physical layer, and call processing feature. Regardless of the operated technology, IP processing feature and operation/maintenance feature are integrated. 2.2.1 Physical Layer Processing Function 2.2.1.1 CDMA Physical Layer Processing Function 1X & 1xEV-DO Smart MBS can be operated in 1X (voice service) mode or 1xEV-DO(data service) mode by carrier for CDMA service. Specification 1X 1xEV-DO Peak data rate 153.6 kbps 3.1 Mbps Frame Duration 20 ms 26.67 ms(DO.0)/6.67 ms(DO.A) Traffic Channel Fundamental/Supplemental Forward and Reverse Traffic Channels BS Tx power Forward and Reverse Power Control Forward Full Power/Reverse Power Control Pilot channel Continuous pilot Burst pilot Channel encoding Convolution & turbo code Turbo code Modulation BPSK(Binary Phase Shift Keying), QPSK(Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) BPSK~16 QAM(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) Channel Encoding/Decoding Smart MBS carries out the encoding for the downlink packet created in the upper layer by using convolutional code and Turbo code. On the contrary, it decodes the uplink packet received from the mobile terminal after demodulating. Modulation/Demodulation Smart MBS modulates for the downlink packet created in the upper layer after encoding. On the contrary, it decodes the uplink packet received from the mobile terminal after demodulating. RF Scheduler Smart MBS perform the RF scheduling function to distribute radio resource of system efficiently and ensure the quality of system. Call Admission Control (CAC)/Burst Operation Control (BOC)/overload control function are performed for 1X, Proportional Fair/Round Robin/QoS schedulers are performed for 1xEV-DO.
CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract 2-8 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Power Control For maximizing system capacity, Smart MBS controls the output power of Smart MBS and mobile terminal to make receiving power of the mobile terminal be the equal level and have the minimum signal-to-interference ratio. 2.2.1.2 LTE Physical Layer Processing Function Downlink Reference Signal Generation and Transmission Reference Signal is used for demodulation of downlink signal at mobile terminal, and also utilized for measuring the channel characteristic for scheduling, link adaptation, and handoff. In case of sending Non-MBSFN (Multimedia Broadcast multicast service over a Single Frequency Network), there are two reference signals.  Cell-specific reference signal: Cell-specific reference signals are used to measure the quality of the channel, calculate the MIMO rank, perform MIMO precoding matrix selection, and measure the strength of the signals for handover.  UE-specific reference signal: UE-specific reference signals are used to measure the quality of the channel for data demodulation which is located in the PDSCH block of the specific mobile terminal in the beamforming transmission mode. Downlink Synchronization Signal Generation and Transmission Synchronization signal is used by mobile terminal when obtaining the initial synchronization before communicating with base station. It has two signals, namely Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). Cell identity information can be identified by synchronization signal. Mobile terminal can obtain additional information (other than cell information) via Broadcast Channel. Synchronization signal and Broadcast channel are transmitted through the exact center of channel bandwidth of the cell, which is 1.08 MHz band. This is to allow mobile terminal to identify cell’s basic information such as cell ID regardless of base station’s transmission bandwidth range. Channel Encoding/Decoding Smart MBS executes channel encoding/decoding function which is designed to correct the error generated on wireless channel environment. LTE uses turbo coding and 1/3 tail-biting convolutional coding. Turbo coding is generally used to send relatively large data of downlink/uplink, while convolutional coding is used for control data transmission (downlink and uplink) or used as broadcast channel. Modulation/Demodulation In case of downlink, Smart MBS receive data from upper layer, process it with baseband of physical layer, and sends it out onto wireless channel. At this time, baseband signal is modulated to higher bandwidth in order to transmit it to longer distance. Also, in case of uplink, base station receives the data via wireless channel, demodulate it into baseband signal, and decodes it.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 2-9 Resource Allocation & Scheduling With LTE, Smart MBS uses multi link scheme. OFDMA is used for downlink while SC-FDMA is used for uplink. Both schemes allocate 2-dimensional (time & frequency) resources into multiple terminals (without overlapping to each other) that communication link is allocated to multiple terminals. In exceptional case of MU-MIMO mode, same resource can be shared among multiple terminals. Such allocation of resources onto multiple terminal, is referred to as scheduling, and individual scheduler of each cell can process this. LTE Scheduler of Smart MBS can analyze channel environment of each terminal, demanded data transfer rate, and various QoS to optimize the resource allocation to maximize the cell’s total throughput. Also, in order to reduce the interference with other cells, it can exchange information with other cell’s scheduler via X2 interface. Link Adaptation Wireless channel condition can change either rapidly or slowly, either improve or deteriorate. When channel’s condition can be expected, it can be used to increase the data transfer rate, or maximize the entire cell’s throughput. This is called ‘Link Adaption’. Particularly, MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) can adjust modulation scheme and channel coding rate at different channel’s conditions. For example, good channel environment will utilize high-order modulation (such as 64 QAM) to enlarge the number of transmitted bit per unit symbol, but bad channel environment will utilize low-order modulation and low coding rate to minimize the channel error. In channel environment where MIMO is supported, MIMO Mode is utilized to either increase the user’s peak data rate or cell throughput. In cases when channel condition is incorrectly reported, or if higher ordered modulation or coding rate is used, error can occur. This can be efficiently corrected by Hybrid-ARQ feature. H-ARQ H-ARQ is a physical layer retransmission scheme which utilizes stop-and-wait protocol. Smart MBS executes H-ARQ to minimize the potential impact due to change in either wireless channel environment or noise signal level. It improves throughput by retransmitting or combining the frame in physical layer. LTE uses H-ARQ technique based on Incremental Redundancy (IR), and considers Chase Combining (CC) scheme as one specific method of IR. In case of Downlink, Smart MBS uses asynchronous scheme, but uplink uses synchronous scheme.
CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract 2-10 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Power Control When transmitting a specific data rate, too high a power level may result in unnecessary interferences and too low a power level may result in an increased error rate, causing retransmission or delay. Unlike other methods such as CDMA, power control is relatively less important in LTE. Nevertheless, adequate power control can enhance performance of the LTE system. For LTE uplink, since SC-FDMA is used, the near-far problems which occur in the CDMA do not occur. Nevertheless, high levels of interferences from nearby cells can degrade the uplink performance. Therefore, the mobile terminals should use adequate power levels for data transmission in order not to interfere with nearby cells. Likewise, the power level for each mobile terminal could be controlled for reducing the inter-cell interference level. For downlink in LTE, the Smart MBS can reduce inter-cell interference by transmitting data at adequate power levels according to the location of the mobile terminal and the MCS, enhancing overall cell throughput. Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) Since mobile terminals within a cell in LTE use orthogonal resources with no interference between the mobile terminals, there is no intra-cell interference. However, if different mobile terminals in neighboring cells use the same resource, interference may occur. This happens more seriously between the mobile terminals located on the cell edge, resulting in serious degradation at cell edge. The technique used to relieve such inter-cell interference problem on the cell edge is Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC). ICIC allows interference signals to be transmitted to other cells in the cell edge area in as small an amount as possible by allocating a basically different resource to each mobile terminal that belongs to a different cell and by carrying out power control according to the mobile terminal’s location in the cell. Smart MBS uses the X2 interface for exchanging scheduling information with one another for preventing interferences by resource conflicts at cell edges. If the interference of a nearby cell is too strong, the system informs the other system to control the strength of the interference system. Therefore, the ICIC function is used for enhancing the overall cell performance. MIMO Smart MBS has an architecture that can support 2Tx/2Rx or 4Tx/4Rx MIMO using multiple antennas. For this, the channel card of Smart MBS should have the baseband to process MIMO and the RF to handle each path separately. Smart MBS provides high performance data service by supporting several types of MIMO.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 2-11 2.2.2 Call Processing Function 2.2.2.1 CDMA Call Processing Function Call Process and RF Resource Allocation Feature Smart MBS allows mobile terminal to connect to, or disconnect from the network for voice and data calls. When mobile terminal is request connected or disconnected from the network or call resource, Smart MBS communicates with mobile terminal using 3GPP2 1X/1xEV-DO interface and communicates with BSC using Samsung proprietary standard interface, to exchange signaling messages required for call processing. Execution of Handoff Smart MBS carries out the signaling and bearer processing for softer handoff between sectors, soft/hard handoff between base station. CAC Feature In order to maintain efficient use of radio resources and high performance service, Smart MBS provides CAC feature to accept/deny the demand of mobile terminal for a radio resource allocation. 2.2.2.2 LTE Call Processing Function Cell Information Transmission In the cell area being served, the Smart MBS periodically broadcasts a Master Information Block (MIB) and the System Information Blocks (SIBs), which are system information, to allow the mobile terminal that receives them to perform proper call processing. Call Control and Air Resource Assignment Smart MBS allows the mobile terminal to be connected to or to be released from the network. When the mobile terminal is connected to or released from the network, the Smart MBS sends and receives the signaling messages required for call processing to and from the mobile terminal via the Uu interface, and to and from the EPC via the S1 interface. When the mobile terminal connects to the network, the Smart MBS carries out call control and resource allocation required for service. When the mobile terminal is released from the network, it collects and releases the allocated resources.
CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract 2-12 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Execution of Handover Smart MBS supports intra-frequency or inter-frequency handover between intra-eNB cells, X2 handover between eNBs, and S1 handover between eNBs, and carries out the signaling and bearer processing functions required for handover. At intra-eNB handover, handover-related messages are transmitted via internal eNB interfaces; at X2 handover, via the X2 interface; at S1 handover, via the S1 interface. Smart MBS carries out the data retransmission function to minimize user traffic disconnections at X2 and S1 handovers. The source eNB provides two methods of using the X2 interface for direct retransmission to the target eNB and using the S1 interface for indirect retransmission. Smart MBS uses the data forwarding function to ensure that the UE receives the traffic without any loss at handover. Admission Control (AC) Function Smart MBS provides capacity-based admission control and QoS-based admission control for a bearer setup request from the EPC so that the system is not overloaded.  Capacity-based AC There is a threshold for the maximum number of connected mobile terminals (new calls/handover calls) and a threshold for the maximum number of connected bearers that can be allowed in the Smart MBS. When a call setup is requested, the permission is determined depending on whether the connected mobile terminals and bearers exceed the thresholds.  QoS-based AC Smart MBS provides the function for determining whether to permit a call depending on the estimated Physical Resource Block (PRB) usage of the newly requested bearer, the PRB usage status of the bearers in service, and the maximum acceptance limit of the PRB (per bearer type, QCI, and UL/DL). RLC ARQ Function Smart MBS carries out the ARQ function for the RLC Acknowledged Mode (AM) only. When receiving and sending packet data, the RLC transmits the SDU by dividing it into units of RLC PDU in the sending end and the packet is forwarded according to the ARQ feedback information received from the receiving side for increased reliability of the data communication. QoS Support Function Smart MBS should receive QCI (QoS Class Identifier) which defines QoS characteristics, GBR, Maximum Bit Rate (MBR), Aggregated Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR) from EPC. Also, it should provide QoS between wireless interface between mobile terminal and Smart MBS, and on the backhaul between Smart MBS and S-GW. Wireless interface should perform retransmission in order to satisfy rate control based on GBR/MBR/AMBR values, bearer priority defined in QCI, and scheduling considered packet delay budget, and Packet Loss Error Rate (PLER). For QoS in Backhaul, packet classification based on QCI, QCI to DSCP mapping, and marking should be executed. Queuing should be provided in accordance with the result of the mapping, and each Queues should send the packets to EPC per strict priority. In case of EMS, other than the previously defined QCI, configuration for operator specific QCI and QCI-to-DSCP mapping can be configured.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 2-13 2.2.3 IP Processing Function IP QoS Feature Since Smart MBS supports Differentiated Services (DiffServ), it can provide the backhaul QoS in the communication with ACR. It supports 8-class DiffServ and supports the mapping between the DiffServ service class and the service class of the user traffic received from an MS. In addition, Smart MBS supports the mapping between Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) and 802.3 Ethernet MAC service class. IP Routing Function Since Smart MBS provides multiple Ethernet interfaces, it maintains a routing table to route IP packets to different Ethernet interfaces. Smart MBSs. routing table is configured by the operator similar to a standard router configuration. Smart MBS only supports static source routing, and does not provide routing feature for traffic received from external network and does not support any IP routing protocols. Ethernet/VLAN Interface Feature The TD-LTE Flexible system provides the Ethernet interface and supports the static link grouping function, Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) function and Ethernet CoS function under IEEE 802.3ad for the Ethernet interface. At this time, the MAC bridge function defined in IEEE 802.1D is excluded. The TD-LTE Flexible system enables several VLAN IDs to be set in one Ethernet interface and maps the DSCP value of IP header with the CoS value of Ethernet header in Tx packet to support Ethernet CoS. 2.2.4 Operation and Maintenance Function Smart MBS interworking with the management system carries out the following maintenance functions: system initialization and restart, management for system configuration, management for the operation parameters, failure and status management for system resources and services, statistics management for system resources and various performance data, diagnosis management for system resources and services and security management for system access and operation. Graphic and Text based Interface BSM/LSM-R manages the each CDMA access system and LTE system by using Database Management System (DBMS) and Smart MBS interworks with this BSM/LSM-R. For operator’s convenience and working purpose, graphic-based and text-based interface is provided. The operator can carry out the retrieval and setup of the configuration and the operation information and monitoring about faults, status and statistics via this interface. Also, the operator can carry out grow/degrow of resources and setting of the neighbor list and paging group which have correlation between several NEs only via the BSM/LSM-R.
CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract 2-14 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Operator Authentication Function Smart MBS provides an authentication and restricted management feature for the operator. The operator can access the Smart MBS via a console terminal with ID and Password, and Smart MBS acknowledges the security level of the corresponding user. Smart MBS then logs the history of login success, failure. On-line Software Upgrade When a software package is upgraded, the Smart MBS can upgrade the package while running old version of software package. The package upgrade is progressed in the following procedure: ‘Add New Package → Change to New package → Delete Old Package’. In package upgrade, the service is stopped temporarily because the old process is terminated and the new process is started in the ‘Change to New package’ stage. However, since OS is not restarted, the service will be provided again within a few minutes. After upgrading software, the TD-LTE Flexible system updates the package stored in a non-volatile storage. In addition, the TD-LTE Flexible system can re-perform the ‘Change to New package’ stage to roll back into the previous package before upgrade. Call Trace Function Smart MBS can support a call trace feature for specific mobile terminal. The operator can configure a trace for a specific mobile terminal via BSC/MME. Trace results (such as a signaling message) are then are sent to the BSM/LSM-R. Threshold Cross Alert (TCA) Control BSM/LSM-R defines under/over threshold for statistics. When a statistical value collected at a specified interval is lower than the under threshold, it generates an under TCA alarm. When the value is higher than the over threshold, it generates an over TCA alarm. TCA can enable or disable details of each statistical group and set a threshold per severity. IEEE 802.3ah Smart MBS provides IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet OAM for a backhaul interface. Although IEEE 802.3ah OAM pertains the PHY layer, it is located in the MAC layer so that it can be applied to all IEEE 802.3 PHYs. It creates or processes 802.3ah OAM frames according to the functions defined in the specification. Ethernet OAM continuously monitors the connection between links at each end, and also monitors discovery. It also includes remote loopback function, a link monitoring function which delivers event notification in the event of error packets over the threshold. Smart MBS supports 802.3ah Ethernet OAM passive mode such as responding to 802.3ah OAM which is triggered in external active mode entities and loopback mode operation, and sending event notification.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 2-15 OAM Traffic Throttling Smart MBS provides a function that suppresses OAM related traffic which can occur in the system depending on the operator command. The OAM related traffic includes fault trap messages for alarm reports and statistics files that are created periodically. In a fault trap, the operator can use an alarm inhibition command to suppress alarm generation for all or some of system fault traps. This helps control alarm traffic. In a statistics file, the operator can use commands for statistics collection configuration to control the size of statistics file by disabling collection functions of each statistics group.
CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract 2-16 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 2.3 Specifications Capacity Smart MBS can provide the following capacity. Classification System Capacity Channel Bandwidth - CDMA: 1.25 MHz - LTE: 5 MHz RF Bandwidth CDMA/LTE - Downlink: 2,130~2,140 MHz @ AWS Band - Uplink: 1,730~1,740 MHz @ AWS Band Number of maximum Carrier/Sector Per each UADU - CDMA  1X: 2 Carrier/3 Sector(2br)  1x EV-DO: 2 Carrier/3 Sector(2br) - LTE: 5 MHz 1 Carrier/6 Sector Number of UADU per cabinet Max. 2 Backhaul Interface - 100/1000 Base-T - 1000 Base-SX/LX Air Technology - CDMA: 1Tx/2Rx or 2Tx/2Rx(TDTD) - LTE: SIMO(1 × 2) or MIMO(2 × 2) Output Antenna port-based at the external of cabinet - CDMA: 24 W/Carrier - LTE: (12 W × 2Tx)/Carrier @ 5 MHz channel BW or - CDMA:(12 + 12 W)/Carrier - LTE: (24 W × 2Tx)/Carrier @ 5 MHz channel BW Optional High Power Mode (3 dB Power boosting) RF Output Output of LTE can change depending on channel bandwidth. Power Input Following is the power specification for Smart MBS. Classification Standard Board and Module Input Voltagea) 27 VDC (Voltage Variation Range: 21~30 VDC)
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 2-17 Power Input Each of the UADU and LRU receives 27 VDC of power from the rectifier in the cabinet for its operation. Rack Dimension and Weight Following is dimension and weight of the Smart MBS. Classification Standard DU 434 × 385 × 88 LRU - L9VU: 70 × 380 × 435 - L9FU: 70 × 380 × 176.3 Size(W × D × H, mm) Outdoor Cabinet 750 × 940 × 1800 DU About 12 LRU - L9VU: 13 - L9FU: 8 Weight(kg) Outdoor Cabinet 390 or less(including UADU and LRU) Environmental Requirements Following indicates temperature, humidity, and other environmental requirements where Smart MBS can be operated on. Classification Range Standard Temperaturea) 0~50°C (32~122°F) GR-487-CORE Sec.3.26 Humiditya) 5~95% Assuming 1 kg of air contains water vapor NOT exceeding 0.024 kg. GR-487-CORE Sec.3.34.2 Altitude -60~1,800 m(-197~6,000 ft) GR-63-CORE Sec.4.1.3 Quake Zone 4 GR-63-CORE Sec.4.4.1 Vibration Commercial Transportation Curve 2 GR-63-CORE Sec.4.4.4 Sound Pressure Level Max. 65 dBA at distance of 1.5 m (5 ft) and height of 1.0 m (3 ft) FCC Title47 Part15 IEC 61000-4-X Series Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) FCC Title47 Part15 Class A UL 60950-1 US Federal Regulation FCC Title47 Part90 FCC Title47 Part27 a) The standards of temperature/humidity conditions are based on the value on the position where is 400 mm (15.8 in.) away from the front of the system and in the height of 1.5 m (59 in.) on the bottom.
CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract 2-18 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 2.4 Interface between Systems 2.4.1 CDMA Interface Structure The CDMA system interfaces with other NEs as follows: Interface Section Interface Standards Mobile Station (MS) - Physical connection: CDMA CAI - Connection Protocol: IS-95, IS-2000, IS-856 BSC - Physical connection: FE/GE - Connection Protocol: IPC(Inter Processor Communication), Proprietary of Samsung Smart MBS BSM - Physical connection: FE/GE - Connection Protocol: sFTP/SSH/IPC Protocol Stack between BTS and MS The protocol stack between BTS and MS is as follows: Figure 2.1 Protocol Stack between BTS and MS MS BTS PHY MAC APP(voice) RLP TCP/UDP PHY MAC PPP APP(Data)
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 2-19 Protocol Stack between BTS and BSC The protocol stack between BTS and BSC is as follows: Figure 2.2 Protocol Stack between BTS and BSC Protocol Stack between BTS and BSM The protocol stack between BTS and BSM is as follows: Figure 2.3 Protocol Stack between BTS and BSM BTS UDP IP L2 L1 BSC UDP IP L2 L1 Proprietary IPC Proprietary IPC BTS IP L2 L1 BSM TCP UDP sFTP Proprietary IPCIP L2 L1 TCP UDP sFTP Proprietary IPC
CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract 2-20 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 2.4.2 LTE Interface Structure The LTE system interfaces with other NEs as follows: Figure 2.4 LTE Interface Structure Interface Section Interface Standards User Equipment (UE) - Physical connection: LTE PHY OFDMA - Connection protocol: LTE Uu Interface MME - Physical connection: FE/GE - Signaling connection protocol: S1-MME(S1AP/SCTP/IP) S-GW - Physical connection: FE/GE - Bearer connection protocol: S1-U(GTP/UDP/IP) eNB - Physical connection: FE/GE - Signaling connection protocol: X2-C(X2AP/SCTP/IP) - Bearer connection protocol: X2-U(GTP/UDP/IP) Smart MBS LSM-R - Physical connection: FE/GE - Connection protocol: SNMP/sFTP/SSH The LTE process consists of different protocol layers. Data to be transmitted enter the process as IP packets over the bearer. The IP packets go through several protocol entities explained below to be transmitted via the wireless interface.  PDCP: The PDCP protocol compresses the IP header to decrease the number of bits transmitted over the wireless interface. The header compression is based on the standardized algorithm, Robust Header Compression (ROHC). The PDCP is also responsible for the ciphering and integrity protection of the data to be transmitted. The PDCP protocol on the receiving end carries out the process of deciphering and decompression.  RLC: The RLC protocol performs segmentation/concatenation, retransmission control SGSN HSS Smart MBS Smart MBS LSM-R S-GW P-GW PCRF UTRAN GERAN UE UE MME Iu-PS S4 LTE-Uu S1-U S5 SGi S10 SNMP/ FTP LTE-Uu S3 S1-MME S11 S6a Gxc Rx Gx Gb X2 Operator’s IP Service EPC
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 2-21 and sequential transmission of data to higher layers. The RLC provides services for the PDCP as a radio bearer.  MAC: The MAC protocol handles HARQ retransmission and uplink/downlink scheduling. The scheduling function is in the eNB which has a MAC entity per cell for the uplink and downlink. The HARQ protocol part exists on both the transmitting and receiving ends of the MAC protocol. The MAC provides services for the RLC as a logical channel.  PHY: The PHY protocol is responsible for coding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, multi-antenna mapping and other common functions of the physical layer. The PHY layer provides services for the MAC as a transport channel. The protocol stack between NEs (Network Elements) in the Smart MBS is as follows: Protocol Stack between UE and eNB The user plane protocol stack consists of PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY layers. The user plane is responsible for transmitting user data (e.g., IP packets) received from the higher layer. All protocols in the user plane are terminated in the eNB. The control plane protocol stack consists of NAS, RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY layers. Located above the wireless protocol, the NAS layer is responsible for UE authentication between the UE and MME, security control, and paging/mobility management of UEs in LTE idle mode. In the control plane, all protocols except the NAS signal are terminated in the eNB. Figure 2.5 Protocol Stack between UE and eNB NAS RRC PDCP RLC MAC L1 NAS S1-AP SCTP IP L2 L1 RRC PDCP RLC MAC L1 S1-AP SCTP IP L2 L1 UE LTE-Uu eNB Relay MME S1-MME
CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract 2-22 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Protocol Stack between eNB and EPC A physical connection between the eNB and EPC is established through the FE and GE, and the interface standards should satisfy the LTE S1-U and S1-MME. The user plane uses the GTP-User (GTP-U) above the IP, and the control plane uses the SCTP above the IP. The user plane protocol stacks between the eNB and S-GW are shown below. Figure 2.6 Protocol Stack between eNB and EPC The control plane protocol stacks between the eNB and MME are shown below. Figure 2.7 Protocol Stack between eNB and MME eNB UDP IP L2 L1 S-GW UDP IP L2 L1 GTP-U GTP-U User Plane PDUsUser Plane PDUsS1-U eNB IP L2 L1 MME IP L2 L1 SCTP SCTP S1-AP S1-AP S1-MME
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 2-23 Protocol Stack between eNBs A physical connection between the eNBs is established through the FE and GE, and the interface standards should satisfy the LTE X2 interface. The user plane protocol stacks between the eNBs are shown below. Figure 2.8 Protocol Stack between eNBs (User Plane) The control plane protocol stack is shown below. Figure 2.9 Protocol Stack between eNBs (Control Plane) eNB IP L2 L1 eNB IP L2 L1 SCTP SCTP X2-AP X2-AP X2 eNB UDP IP L2 L1 eNB UDP IP L2 L1 GTP-U GTP-U User Plane PDUsUser Plane PDUsX2
CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract 2-24 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Protocol Stack between eNB and LSM A physical connection between the eNB and LSM is established through the FE and GE, and the interface standards should satisfy the FTP/SNMP interface. The interface protocol stacks between the eNB and LSM are shown below. Figure 2.10 Protocol Stack between eNB and LSM eNB IP L2 L1 LSM IP L2 L1 TCP UDP FTP SNMPTCP UDP FTP SNMPFTP/SNMP
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 2-25 2.4.3 Physical Interface Operation Method Smart MBS provides copper type or optic type interface and can select the type of interfaces depending on the network configuration. The number of interfaces can be optionally managed depending on the capacity and the required bandwidth of Smart MBS. The interface types supported are specified in table below. Interface Type Number of port per each board 100/1000 Base-T(RJ-45) 1 CDMA 1000 Base-SX/LX(SFP) 1 100/1000 Base-T(RJ-45) 2 LTE 1000 Base-SX/LX(SFP) 2 To enable transport of multiple technologies over a single backhaul network connection, the following features are supported.  Scheme to separate network per Radio Access Network (RAN) technology Scheme to assign different VLAN ID per each RAN technology, and separate it into different logical NW.  QoS Feature Ethernet CoS and DiffServ feature  Minimal Traffic interference between RAN technology Traffic shaping feature per each RAN technology For Cell Sites with Smart MBS, in some cases, Cell Site Router (CSR) is mounted within the auxiliary space within the Smart MBS cabinet. In this case, backhaul interface aggregation is provided by CSR. Ethernet interface is static link aggregation based on 802.3ad (static), and multiple links are operated. The interface for general user traffic is shared to provide the interface for operation and maintenance, and is operated as in-band method.
CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract 2-26 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. This page is intentionally left blank.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3-1 CHAPTER 3. Smart MBS Structure 3.1 Smart MBS Hardware Structure Smart MBS is designed in a divided architecture that consists of UADU (digital unit) and LRU (combined RF module). UADU and LRU can be mounted on 19 inch outdoor cabinet. The configuration of Smart MBS is as follows:
CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure 3-2 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. L9FU LTE eNB Filter Unit L9VU LTE eNB transceiver Unit LRU Local Radio Unit PDPU-O2C Power Distribution Panel Unit-O2C PDPU-OC Power Distribution Panel Unit-OC PDPU-O2E Power Distribution Panel Unit-O2E ECM/FCM Environment Control Module/Fan Control Module FANM-G2 Fan Module-G2 UADU Universal Platform Digital Unit Figure 3.1 Smart MBS Configuration LRU UADU #1 PDPU-O2C Rectifier PDPU-OC PDPU-O2E I/O module ECM/FCM Surge Protector FANM-G2 Membrane filter Membrane filter FANM-G2 Lamp Fire sensor Lamp switch Door switch UADU #0 L9VUL9FU
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3-3 Up to two UADUs can be mounted on the outdoor cabinet, and Smart MBS can be configured depending on the capacity as follows: L9CA-A2P LTE eNB Channel card board Assembly-type A2P CICA-D2 CDMA IP Channel card board Assembly-type D2 UAMA-A21 Universal platform Management board Assembly-type A21 CIMA-A2 CDMA Management board Assembly-type A2 Figure 3.2 CDMA/LTE 3Sector Configuration CDMA/LTE Multi Mode configuration CDMA/LTE Multi mode configuration is only supported in the first UADU position(UADU #0). When CDMA and LTE boards are simultaneously mounted, CIMA-A2 is mounted at main board location. Blank CDMA: 3 Carrier/3 Sector LTE: 1 Carrier/3 Sector Blank Blank Blank L9VU L9VU L9VU L9CA-A2PCICA-D2 UAMA-A21CIMA-A2 UADU #0 UADU #1 LRU
CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure 3-4 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Figure 3.3 CDMA/LTE 4 Sector Configuration Figure 3.4 CDMA/LTE 6 Sector Configuration L9CA-A2PCICA-D2 UAMA-A21CIMA-A2 CDMA: 3 Carrier/3 Sector LTE: 1 Carrier/4 Sector CDMA: 3 Carrier/1 Sector Blank BlankCICA-D2CIMA-A2 Blank Blank L9VU L9VU L9VU L9VU UADU #0 UADU #1 LRU UADU #0 UADU #1 LRU CDMA: 3 Carrier/3 Sector LTE: 1 Carrier/6 Sector CDMA: 3 Carrier/3 Sector L9VU L9VU L9VU L9VU L9VU L9VU L9CA-A2PCICA-D2 UAMA-A21CIMA-B Blank BlankCICA-D2CIMA-B
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3-5 3.1.1 Internal Configuration of System (CDMA) Below are the internal configuration diagrams of the Smart MBS for CDMA service. Figure 3.5 Internal Configuration of System (CDMA) UADU CIMA-A2 FPGA (CPRI) UCCMCPU Network Processor Ethernet Switch FPGA Combiner Ethernet Switch CPU ModemCICA-D2 #2 CICA-D2 #1 CICA-D2 #0 FE/GE Power (27 VDC) GPS BSC Index Data Traffic + Alarm/Control(Ethernet) Baseband I/Q and C & M(Optic) Power BackhaulClock Alarm/Control Rectifier Modules L R U (0)L R U (1)L R U (2)L R U (3)L R U (4)L R U (5)
CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure 3-6 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. User Traffic  Transmit path When user data is received from the BSC via the public network, it is routed through the network interface module and sent to the CICA-D2, which is a channel card, via the Ethernet Switch of the CIMA-A2. The data which is transmitted to the CICA-D2 is digitally processed, and is converted to ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M’ format which is configured based on CPRI interface undergo Electrical to Optic(E/O) conversion. The converted data is transmitted to LRU via optic cable. The LRU converts the received optical data into Optic to Electrical (O/E). The converted baseband signal is then converted to an analog signal, and amplified. The amplified signal is band pass filtered and transmitted to antenna.  Receive Path The RF signal is received, filtered and amplified via the LNA in the LRU. The signal is converted into the baseband signal by RF down-conversion and digital down conversion. This signal is ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M’ format which is configured based on the CPRI interface, and is converted into E/O again. The converted signal is transmitted to CICA-D2 via CIMA-A2 through optic cable. In CICA-D2, this signal is converted to Ethernet frame after CDMA basebnad signal processing, and transmitted to CIMA-A2 again. The data is routed through the network interface module of CIMA-A2 and transmitted to the BSC. Clock The UCCM in the CIMA-A2 receives the GPS signal from the external GPS antenna. The UCCM converts the GPS signal to a synchronization clock signal and distributes it to the hardware modules in the system. When CIMA-A2 is configured for LTE, the clock signal is provided to the LTE digital boards. CIMA-A2 provides 10 MHz, PP2S, and System Frame Number (SFN) to each slot via the backplane. The boards which are mounted on the UADU use the clock signal to generate their internal clocks. Alarm CDMA alarms are generated on the CIMA-A2. CIMA-A2 collects alarms from the Smart MBS and reports them to the system. It can also provide a board reset if necessary. The LRU uses the CPRI optical interface to exchange alarm and control signals with the CIMA-A2.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3-7 3.1.2 Internal Configuration of System (LTE) Below are the internal configuration diagrams of the Smart MBS for LTE service. Figure 3.6 Internal Configuration of System (LTE) Rectifier Rectifier is mounted inside the outdoor cabinet with UADU. Smart MBS interfaces with rectifier via ECM. UADU FPGA (CPRI) L9CA-A2P #2 L9CA-A2P #1 L9CA-A2P #0 Power (27 VDC) GPS Index Data Traffic + Alarm/Control(Ethernet) Baseband I/Q and C & M(Optic) Power BackhaulClock Alarm/Control ModemUAMA-A21 Main ProcessorFE/GE EPC Analog 10 MHz 1 pps UCCM Ethernet Switch ECM L R U (0)L R U (1)L R U (2)L R U (3)L R U (4)L R U (5)Rectifier Modules
CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure 3-8 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. User Traffic  Transmit Path When User Data is received from EPC via public network, it goes through network interface module, and sent out to L9CA-A2P via ethernet switch. the transmitted data goes through digital processing of the baseband level, then converted to E/O (Electrical to Optic) in form of ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M interface’ which is based on CPRI interface. The converted signal is then sent out to LRU. LRU converts the received optic signal via O/E (Optic to Electrical) process. The converted broadband baseband signal is then converted to analog signal, and goes through amplifier for amplification. The amplified signal is then filtered through the band pass filter of the operating frequency, and transmitted from antenna.  Receive Path The RF signal that was transmitted from Antenna is filtered by LRU, and amplified via LNA. This signal then goes through RF down-conversion and digital down-conversion to be converted into baseband signal. This signal is in form of ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M interface’ which is based on CPRI interface, and goes through E/O (Electrical to Optic) conversion once again. The converted signal is then sent to remote L9CA-A2P via fiber optic cable. After the data goes through OFDMA signal processing in L9CA-A2P, it is converted into Gigabit Ethernet frame, and sent to EPC via network interface module. Clock UCCM of UAMA-A21 receives reference signal from GPS, and generate PP2S, Digital 10 MHz, SFN, and distribute them into L9CA-A2P in the system. L9CA-A2P then receives PP2s, Digital 10 MHz clock. It should use its own PLL to generate system clock (30.72 MHz), CPRI Reference Clock (122.88 MHz), and 10msec clock to distribute it to LRU. When UADU interworks with LRU, LRU receives the necessary system clock and sync clock that are required for CPRI interface, from L9CA-A2P. If LTE board is mounted UADU identical to CDMA, it is supplied the clock for operation from CIMA-A2 Alarm UAMA-A21 collects the alarm from Smart MBS, and reports it to upper layer, and can provide board reset. ECM is the module which is mounted on the inside of outdoor cabinet, collects the outdoor cabinet’s environmental alarm and battery monitoring information, and report to UAMA-A21. LRU uses CPRI interface to exchange alarm and control signal with UAMA-A21.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3-9 3.1.3 UADU UADU provides OAM for Smart MBS, interworking with BSC(CDMA)/EPC(LTE)/LRU, and communication paths between various functional blocks within the system. UADU receives synchronization signal from GPS, creates signals for system synchronization (such as reference clock, Even, SFN, and supply synchronization signals to lower hardware blocks. UADU interfaces with LRU to exchange data/control traffic and also executes signal processing for subscriber signal. UADU can receive alarm from external devices (such as LRU, lower module, rectifier, or battery) and also provide interface/features to control these external devices. On the downlink, UADU receives traffic/control signal from the BSC/EPC, converts into optical signal via ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M’ converter and sends it to the LRU for sending it over the air to the mobile terminal. On the uplink, UADU receives the ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M’ signal from the LRU, demodulates it and sends it to the BSC/EPC. Main functions of UADU are as follows:  Baseband Signal processing (Modem)  Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet interface with BSC/EPC  Diagnosis, collection, and control of Alarm  Alarm Reporting Feature  Reference clock generation and distribution  Management of Channel Resources  Supporting interfacing with the LRU and loopback test  Providing UDA and UDE function, and interfacing with external devices Figure 3.7 UADU Configuration FANM -C4 FANM -C4 [CDMA + LTE Multi Mode(Two UADUs)] FANM -C4 [CDMA + LTE Multi Mode] L9CA-A2P CICA-D2 UAMA-A21 CIMA-A2 Blank Blank CICA-D2 CIMA-A2 L9CA-A2P CICA-D2 UAMA-A21 CIMA-A2
CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure 3-10 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Board Name Quantity (Count) Function UADB 1 Universal platform Digital Backboard - UADU’s backboard - Handles Signal routing for Traffic, Control, Signal, Clock, and Power. CIMA-A2 1 CDMA Management board Assembly-type A2 - System management processor for CDMA - Resource Assignment, OAM - Alarm Collection, and report to BSM - Backhaul Support (GE/FE) for CDMA - Handles UADU FAN alarm - Provides external environment alarm interface (EAIU4-U Sync) - Generate and Distribute GPS clock (Sync In & out) - Provide Loopback test between UADU and LRU. UAMA-A21 1 Universal platform Management board Assembly-type A41 - System management, traffic processor for LTE - Resource Allocation and OAM - Alarm Collection and LSM Report - Backhaul Support (GE/FE) for LTE - Provides non-volatile memory. - Handles UADU FAN alarm - Provide external environmental alarm interface (interfacing with ECM) - Provide UDE and UDA - Generate and Distribute GPS clock (Sync In & out) CICA-D2 Max. 3 CDMA IP Channel card board Assembly-type D2 - CDMA subscriber signal processing - 1X, 1X Advanced & EVDO Rev.0/A - Supports simultaneously 1X Adv DL 1,280CE/UL 1,024CE and EV-DO DL 284 CE/UL 284CE per channel card - Capacity: 4 Carrier/3 Sector(2Br) L9CA-A2P Max. 3 LTE eNB Channel card board Assembly-type A2P - Call Processing, Resource allocation, and OAM for LTE - OFDMA/SC-FDMA Channel Processing - CPRI interface with LRU - Provides Loopback test between UADU and LRU - Capacity: 5 MHz 1 Carrier/6 Sector FANM-C4 1 Fan Module-C4 UADU cooling fan module
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3-11 CIMA-A2 CIMA-A2 executes function as main processor, GPS signal receiver and clock distributor, and as network interface.  Main processor Function CDMA main processor of Smart MBS plays role as the highest layer in the card. It is responsible for communication path configuration between UE and BSC, Ethernet switching functionality for internal Smart MBS and System OAM. It also manages the entire hardware and software status within the Smart MBS, allocates/manages resources, and reports the status information to BSM.  Network Interface Function CIMA-A2 directly synchronizes with BSC via Gigabit Ethernet/Fast Ethernet. In case of Ethernet, 1 Optic and 1 copper port are supported.  Clock Generation and Distribution CIMA-A2’s UCCM generates 10 MHz, Even, and SFN based on the sync signal (received from GPS) and distributes reference signals to the hardware blocks of the system. The clock also maintains the internal synchronization of Smart MBS for system operation. CIMA-A2 can also provide Analog 10 MHz and 80ms signals for external devices such as measurement equipments. UCCM also provide the Time Of Day (TOD) signals to various blocks in the system. If GPS signal was not received for some reason, UCCM provides holdover feature for a 24Hr time period.  Optical interface with LRU and Loopback Test CIMA-A2 exchanges ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M’ signal with the LRU. CIMA-A2 also performs loopback tests in order to check the interfaces between CIMA-A2 and LRU.  Combiner Function CIMA-A2 provides feature that collects digital baseband signals from different channel cards(CICA-D2) and forwards them to the same LRU. On the other hand, it also provides feature to receive digital baseband signal from LRU and distribute it to different channel cards(CICA-D2). UAMA-A21 UAMA-A21 plays role as main processor, GPS signal receiver and distributor, and as a network interface.  Main Processor Function UAMA-A21, the main processor (LTE) of Smart MBS plays role as the highest layer. It is responsible for communication path configuration between mobile terminal and EPC, Ethernet switching functionality for internal Smart MBS, and system OAM. Also, it manages entire hardware and software status within the Smart MBS, allocates/manages resources, and collect/report the alarm status information to LSM.  Network Interface Function UAMA-A21 is Gigabit Ethernet/Fast Ethernet, and it interfaces with EPC. Depending on the provided interface, UAMA-A21 can be classified as following types, and operator can choose the interface to use.
CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure 3-12 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.  100/1000 Base-T Copper (RJ-45) 2 Ports  1000 Base-X Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP) 2 Ports  External Interface Function UAMA-A21 can provide Ethernet interface for User Defined Ethernet (UDE) within UADU. Via Fast Ethernet interface of UADU, UAMA-A21 can provide paths to external alarm information (such as Rectifier alarm/control, battery monitoring data or UDE/UDA) that is collected by external environmental monitoring device (ECM). This alarm information is then sent to LSM.  Clock Generation and Distribution UAMA-A21’s UCCM generates 10 MHz, Even, and SFN (System Frame Number) based on the sync signal which was received from GPS, and distributes this to the Hardware block of the system. This clock maintains the internal synchronization of Smart MBS, and used for system operation. Also, UAMA-A21 can provide Analog 10 MHz, 1 PPS signal as support for external devices such as measurement equipments. UCCM can forward ‘time data’ and ‘location data’ via TOD Path. If GPS signal was not received for some reason, UCCM provides holdover feature that can maintain the normal clock for specified time period. CICA-D2 CICA-D2 provides following functions.  Subscriber Channel Process CICA-D2 handles the baseband signal for CDMA service. CICA-D2 handles CDMA voice and data signal channels. CICA-D2 modulates the packet data (from upper layers), sends it out to CIMA (via backboard) and then to RF. On the other hand, it receives RF data from CIMA, demodulates it and converts it in accordance with the CDMA standard (physical layer standard) and sends it to upper layers for processing.  CDMA Service Support CICA-D2 supports IS-95 and CDMA 2000 1X/1X Advanced service. Also, CICA-D3 supports CDMA2000 EV-DO service simultaneously.  Clock Generation Feature CICA-D2 receives PP2S, digital 10 MHz clocks from CIMA, generates system clocks of 30.72 MHz and 1.25 ms using its internal PLL circuit and distributes it to internal components (modem and processors). L9CA-A2P L9CA-A2P provides following functions.  Subscriber Channel Processing Function L9CA-A2P modulates the packet data (which was received from upper processor), and sends it to RF via CPRI. On the other hand, it demodulates the data received from RF, converts it into the type defined as in LTE Physical layer standard, to send it to upper processor.  Optical interface with LRU and Loopback Test L9CA-A2P exchanges ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M’ signal with the LRU. L9CA-A2P
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3-13 also performs loopback tests in order to check the interfaces between L9CA-A2P and LRU.  Clock Generation Feature L9CA-A2P receives PP2S, Digital 10 MHz clock from UAMA-A21, and generate system clock of 30.72 MHz, CPRI clock 122.88 MHz clock via its own PLL circuit, and distributes them to internal components (Modem, CPRI FPGA). FANM-C4 The UADU of Smart MBS maintains the inside temperature of the shelf at an appropriate range using a system cooling fans (FANM-C4), so that the system can operate normally when the outside temperature of the UADU shelf changes. The cooling structure of the UADU in the Smart MBS is as follows. Figure 3.8 Cooling Structure of the UADU (FANM-C4)
CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure 3-14 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3.1.4 LRU The LRU is the RF part of Smart MBS. The LRU interfaces with UADU via ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M’ interface, for this, 2.25Gbps CPRI interfaces(Max.2) are provided. The LRU receives clock from UADU, and exchanges alarm/control messages with UADU. Main Functions of LRU are as follows:  High-power amplification of RF transmission signal  Interface for traffic, alarm, and control signal by interfacing with the UADU’s channel cards(CICA-D2/L9CA-A2P ) in ‘Baseband I/Q and OAM’ method  Upconversion/downconversion of frequency  Rx/Tx RF signal from/to an antenna  Suppression of out-of-band spurious wave emitted from RF Rx/Tx signal  Low noise amplification of band-pass filtered RF Rx signal  FDD filtering function for RF Rx/Tx path The LRU is configured as follows: Board Name Quantity (Count) Function L9FU Max. 6 LTE eNB Filter Unit - AWS band  DL: 2,130~2,140 MHz  UL: 1,730~1,740 MHz - LNA function - Suppression of out-of-band spurious wave emitted from RF Rx/Tx signal L9VU Max. 6 LTE eNB transceiver Unit - Supports CDMA/LTE single mode or multi mode - Supports 10 MHz 2Tx/2Rx  CDMA : 1Tx/2Rx or 2Tx(TDTD)/2Rx operation  LTE: 1Tx/2Rx or 2Tx/2Rx operation - 60 + 60 W(Total 120 W) - RF Up-conversion/Down-conversion - RF amplification
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3-15 The capacity and maximum output of LRU are as follows: (CDMA/LTE FDD) Capacity Quantity Max. RF Path Antenna Output CDMA Output - In case of CDMA 1Tx: 24 W/Carrier - In case of CDMA Tx diversity: 12 + 12 W/Carrier(total 24 W/Carrier) - CDMA: 3 Carrier/ 1 Sector - LTE: 1 Carrier/ 1 Sector @ 5 MHz Max. 6 - CDMA: 1T2R or 2T2R - LTE: 1T2R(SIMO) or 2T2R(MIMO) LTE Output - In case of CDMA 1Tx: 12 + 12 W/ Carrier(total 24 W/Carrier) - In case of CDMA Tx diversity: 24 + 24 W/Carrier(total 48 W/Carrier) In case of downlink signal, LRU receives baseband signal via optical ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M’ from channel card(CICA-D2/L9CA-A2P) of UADU, and converts it with O/E (Optic to Electrical). The converted signal is then sent through DAC (Digital to Analog Conversion) to be converted to analog RF signal, and amplified by amplifier.(L9VU) The amplified signal goes through filter and sent to antenna. (L9FU) At this time, the transmit RF power from antenna ports is as follows. In case of uplink signal, the signal is received after it goes through LRU’s filter. It is then sent to LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) to change to lower frequency, and goes through ADC (Analog to Digital Conversion) and get converted to baseband signal. This baseband signal is in ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M’ type. Then, this is converted as E/O, and sent to channel card(CICA-D2/L9CA-A2P) of UADU. Via ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M’ interface, LRU receives UADU clock information, and exchanges alarm and control messages.
CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure 3-16 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3.1.5 Power Device Power devices of Smart MBS are as follows : Figure 3.9 Power Device Configuration Name Quantity (Count) Function DC Distribution (PDPU-Oxx) 1 DC Distribution receives DC power from a rectifier and distributes it to UADU, LRU and additional devices. - PDPU-OC: Supplies the external power(AC 220 V) to rectifier - PDPU-O2C: Supplies DC power which is supplied from rectifier to LRU - PDPU-O2E: Supplies DC power which is supplied from rectifier to UADU and other devices Rectifier 1 - Rectifier module can be mounted up to 10. - Supplies DC power to system PDPU-O2C Rectifier PDPU-OC PDPU-O2E
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3-17 The figure below shows the power layout indicating the type of the powers and their connection points: Figure 3.10 Power Structure Input power(220 VAC) is supplied to outlet via AC box, and converted +27VDC via rectifier. This +27VDC is supplied to DC distribution(PDPU-O2C, PDPU-OC, PDPU-O2E), and the required voltage is distributed via circuit breaker of each DC AC 220 V INPUT OUTPUT PDPU-OC RECTIFIER 27 V(DC1) 27 V(DC2) 27 V(DC3) AC 220 V OUTLET/HEATER PDPU-O2E PDPU-O2C L V D External BatteryNote. - LVD: Low Voltage Disconnect device - All fans are connected to FCM DC0 DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 DC5 DC6 DC7 RU0 RU1 RU2 RU3 RU4 RU5 UADU #0 UADU #1 FCM SPARE SPARE SPARE ECM LAMP L9VU #0 L9VU #1 L9VU #2 L9VU #3 L9VU #4 L9VU #5 L9FU #0 L9FU #1 L9FU #2 L9FU #3 L9FU #4 L9FU #5
CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure 3-18 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3.1.5 Environment Devices Environment devices are mounted on as figure below. Figure 3.10 Configuration of Environment Devices Name Quantity Function ECM 1 - Collects environment data through environment sensor inside of outdoor cabinet - Monitoring the environment of rectifier - Reports the alarm to upper system via UADU FCM 1 - System cooling control device - Fan control connecting with temperature sensor - Reports alarm to ECM FANM-G2 4 - System cooling fan - There are each 2 FANM-G2s to front door and rear door. Flood Sensor ECM/FCM FANM-G2 Membrane filter Membrane filter FANM-G2 Fire sensor Door Sensor Temperature Sensor
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3-19 (Continued) Name Quantity Function Membrane Filter 2 Protect the system from dust, water, etc. Sensor 5 - Fire sensor(1): Detects whether a fire break out. - Door sensor(1): Detects whether door opens or close. - Temperature sensor(2): Detects whether the temperature of system maintains within operation condition. - Flood sensor(1): Detects whether the system is flooded.
CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure 3-20 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3.1.6 Interface structure Following is each unit and board’s external interface of the Smart MBS. Figure 3.11 Hardware Interface structure of UADU (CDMA) UDE0 (RJ45, FE/GE) UDE1 (RJ45, FE/GE) CIMA-A2 GPS ReceiverBackhaulUADU Debug (USB, RS-232) Debug (RS-232) GPS Antenna CLK1(Clock out) Backhaul (RJ-45, FE/GE) Backhaul (SFP, GE) Channel Combining E/O, O/E ConversionNetwork Processor (Packet Routing) CICA-D2 Power Filter & DistributionCLK0(Clock in) A10 M(10 MHz out) Sync(80 ms) Baseband I/Q and C & M(Optic) from/to LRU Main Processing (RET Control) Baseband Processing UDE0 (RJ-45, FE/GE) UDE1 (RJ-45, FE/GE)
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3-21 External Interface of CIMA-A2 Interface Type Connector Type Quantity Description UDE RJ-45 2 UDE(100/1000 Base-T) Debug USB 2 UART CPU/GPS GPS In SMA 1 GPS Input(to UCCM) SMA 1 Analog 10 MHz Ref. Clock Out SMA 1 80 ms CLK0 - 1 Clock In CLK1 - 1 Clock Out Copper Backhaul RJ-45 1 100/1000 Base-T Optic Backhaul SFP 1 1000 Base-LX/SX CPRI Optic 6 LRU Interface(CPRI 4.0) Reset Reset 1 System reset LED LED 2 SYS, GPS External Interface of CICA-D2 Interface Type Connector Type Quantity Description Debug USB 2 UART Debug Reset Reset 1 Board reset LED LED 1 SYS
CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure 3-22 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Figure 3.12 Hardware Interface structure of UADU (LTE) External Interface of UAMA-A21 Interface Type Connector Type Quantity Description UDE RJ-45 2 UDE(100/1000 Base-T) Rectifier IF RJ-45 1 RS-485 1 port UDA Champ 1 User Defined Alarm(Rx: 9 port, Tx: 2 port) RJ-45 1 100/1000 Base-T Debug USB 1 UART CPU GPS In SMA 1 GPS Input(to UCCM) SMA 1 Analog 10 MHz Ref. Clock Out SMA 1 1PPS CLK0 - 1 Clock In CLK1 - 1 Clock Out Copper Backhaul RJ-45 2 100/1000 Base-T Optic Backhaul SFP 2 1000 Base-LX/SX Reset Reset 1 System reset LED LED 2 SYS, GPS L9CA-A2P UAMA-A21 GPS ReceiverBackhaulUADU UDE0(RJ-45, FE/GE) UDE1(RJ-45, FE/GE) Rectifier Interface (RJ-45, RS-485) Debug(RJ-45) GPS Antenna CLK1(Clock out) Backhaul (RJ-45, FE/GE) Backhaul (SFP, GE) Power Filter & DistributionCLK0(Clock in) A10 M(10 MHz out) 1PPS(1PPS out) Baseband I/Q and C & M from/to LRU +27 VDC Input Debug(USB) Baseband Processing Open/Short for UDA (Champ, Rx: 9, Tx: 2) Debug(RJ-45) Debug(USB) Main Processing & External Alarm (RET Control)
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3-23 External Interface of L9CA-A2P Interface Type Connector Type Quantity Description RJ-45 1 100/1000 Base-T Debug USB 2 UART DSP Debug CPRI Copper 6 LRU IF(CPRI 4.0) Reset Reset 1 Board reset LED LED 1 SYS Figure 3.13 Hardware Interface structure of LRU-C2 External Interface of LRU Interface Type Connector Type Quantity Description Antenna N-type female 2 2Tx2Rx CPRI Copper 1 CDMA UADU interface CPRI Optic 1 LTE UADU interface DC Power - 1 +27 VDC Baseband I/Q and C & M(Optic) from/to UADU 2Tx/Rx Ports to/ from Antenna Baseband I/Q and C & M Path(FPGA) LRU Power Module +27 VDC Input RF Processing (Transceiver/PA/Filter)
CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure 3-24 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3.2 Smart MBS Software Structure 3.2.1 CDMA Software Structure CDMA software block of Smart MBS consists of application(Call Processing, OAM) and common software (system software and IP software). Figure 3.14 CDMA Software Structure 3.2.1.1 Application Call Processing CDMA Call Processing software is composed of call processing software blocks of CDMA BTS and BSC (PCF). It is also responsible for connecting mobile terminal and IP network. On each NE, there are signal-processing software block and bearer-processing software block. In case of BTS, there are signal-processing BTS Resource Control (BRC) and DO Resource Handler (DRH), and bearer-processing DO channel Element Controller (DEC) and Channel Element Control (CEC). Figure 3.15 CDMA Call Processing Software Structure Call Processing 1X 1xEV-DO BRC CEC DRH DEC Smart MBS Hardware LINUX Call Processing OAM System Software IP Software Common Software Application
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3-25  BRC  Allocates and manages internal and air resources in the BTS for 1X call establishment and maintenance.  Processes signal messages related with BSC and 1X call establishment and release.  Handles overhead channel configuration/release and operation; overhead message configuration and transmission.  Operates the FSCH scheduler and performs RSCH rate decision.  CEC  Transfers messages related with allocation/release of the traffic and overhead channel from BRC to DSP, and handles message received from DSP. It also transfers messages received through the access channel to BRC.  Transfers the forward voice/packet traffic received from SDU to DSP, and the reverse voice/packet traffic received from DSP to SDU.  DRH  Allocates and manages internal and air resources in BTS for EV-DO calls.  Allocates wireless resources (e.g., Frequency and CE), link and frame offset, using information shared with the OAM for resource allocation/release requests from BSC.  DEC  Handles air interface with mobile terminal, and operates a channel card to handle EV-DO Rev.0/A physical layer and part of MAC layer.  Decides whether to provide QoS service based on the air resources available for allocation per flow during QoS call establishment. OAM OAM of Smart MBS consists of Operating Processing (OP), and Maintenance Processing (MA). Figure 3.16 CDMA OAM Software Structure OAM Software OP MP Configuration Alarm Loading Statistics UI Status Diagnosis
CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure 3-26 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.  OP OP is classified into Configuration, Loading, Statistics, and UI blocks.  Configuration: Mounted on the BTS main processor, the configuration block controls the BTS startup flow according to information from the static database PLD, and controls reconfiguration when the configuration is changed. It also provides initialization information to the BTS processors and devices. The block receives configuration control information requested by the operator to update the information in PLD and provides configuration changes to the relevant blocks.  Loading: For system operation, the operator is provided with the basic restart function to initialize the entire BTS or some of its processor boards or devices, if necessary. The operator can reload software by restarting the entire BTS or some of its processor boards or devices using this function. It also provides the online firmware update function and inventory management function for various boards in BTS.  Statistics: The BTS Performance Measurement and Statistics function traces and records all meaningful events occurring in BTS, such as real-time call status by type or usage frequency of the BTS interface trunk, to provide information for status checks, maintenance, and performance evaluation of the system.  UI: Provides the main, command and message UI as well as the dedicated UI per OAM function, such as expansion/reduction, statistics, faults and status UI.  MP MP provides OAM feature in conjunction with Call Software, OP, and Common Software.  Status: Detects, collects and analyzes the BTS processor, device or link status, and reports to call processing and other sub-systems to ensure the normal system operation. It also reports to the operator to take relevant actions. The operator can view the report as a response to a command or in graphic format.  Faults: Detects, collects and analyzes all hardware and software faults occurring in BTS, and reports to the operator to take relevant actions. Faults are detected by the diagnostic and maintenance function, and graded according to the impact on the service, to notify the operator in forms of messages or graphics.  Diagnosis: Detects faults in the various devices by testing the BTS links and devices and reports the status and faults for relevant actions to be taken.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3-27 3.2.1.2 Common Software Common Software consists of System software (which consists of Operating System, Middleware, and Device Driver), and IP software (which handles IP routing and Traffic) Figure 3.17 CDMA Common Software Structure System Software  OS  Controls resource initialization of the hardware and software, and allows the application software to control hardware/software resources.  Allows the application software to use the file systems, libraries and tools.  Uses Linux 2.6.2x kernel, booter and the Root File System (RFS).  MW  Provides services required for the application software to send and receive various messages.  Retrieves debugging information of the application software and relays commands.  Provides functions to create, terminate, control and retrieve tasks.  Handles hardware-dependent functions, such as access to hardware’s physical address.  Adds and manages various events, such as timers, and sends the events to relevant locations when needed.  D/D  Controls the Gigabit Ethernet Switch in BTS, and supports Layer 2 switching, link aggregation, VLAN, VLAN tagging, jumbo-frame support, flow control and QoS.  Controls the CPRI block for communications between CIMA-A2 and LRU. Common Software System Software IP Software OS MW D/D IPRS PPPD NPS
CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure 3-28 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. IP Software  Inter-Protocol Routing System (IPRS)  Manages and sends to relevant protocols information, such as the interface IP address, static route and link aggregation settings.  Provides firewalls and QoS using the Access Control List (ACL).  Manages link aggregation settings information in accordance with IEEE 802.3ad.  PPP Daemon (PPPD)  Transmits link configuration packets, termination packets at link termination, and link maintenance packets.  Manages data losses regarding packet drops caused by link noise, equipment failure and buffer overrun problems.  Transmits configuration, enabling and disabling packets on the network layer used to send/receive IP packets.  Network Processor System (NPS) Initialization, setup and management of all network processor (NP) devices, including initialization of NP devices in BTS, functional setup of the NP, establishment of the IP address and UDP port mapping table, status control, and statistics collection.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3-29 3.2.2 LTE Software Structure LTE eNB software is composed of Kernel Space (OS/DD), Forwarding Space (Network Processing Control, Network Processing), and User Space (IPRS, CPS, OAM, MW). Detailed description for each of components is shown below. Figure 3.18 LTE Software Structure 3.2.2.1 Kernel Space OS OS can initialize and control hardware devices, and allows software to operate on hardware devices. It is composed of Booter, Kernel, RFS, and Utility.  Booter: It is a module that is responsible for initialization of board. It performs initialization of CPU, L1/L2 Cache, UART, MAC. Also, initialization of CPLD, and RAM devices are managed. Finally, u-boot is executed here.  Kernel: It provides various ‘primitives’ to efficiently utilize the limited resources, and manages the various software processes.  RFS: Store and manage ‘Binary, Library, and configuration files’, which are required for software execution and operation, according to FHS (File-system Hierarchy Standard 2.2) standard. IPRS IPRS IPSS DHCP CPS ECMBSCTBCSABGTPBRLCBMACBECCB PDCBOAM PMCMOSABSNMP FM SwM MW MDS DUS THSMFSHASENSUser Space Kernel Space OS DDForwarding Space NPWEB/CLI NP Control Hardware TM/TrM
CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure 3-30 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.  Utility: Provides feature to manage CPLD, LED, Watchdog, Environment and Inventory data management, CPU load measurement/display, and Fault data store in case of Processor Down. DD Device Driver allows Application to operate normally for particular devices which are not controlled by OS. It is composed of Physical Device Driver and Virtual Device Driver.  Physical Device Driver: Provides interface where upper application can configure/ control/monitor hardware device which are outside of processor. (such as Switch Device Driver, or Ethernet MAC Driver)  Virtual Device Driver: Abstract the physical network interfaces on Kernel, and allow upper application to control this abstracted interface rather than directly controlling the physical network interface. 3.2.2.2 Forwarding Space Network Processing Control (NPC) Network Processing Control interfaces with upper process (such as IPRS, and OAM) to create/manage various tables which are required for packet process. And it collects Network performance, and performs status management. Network Processing (NP) Network Processing is software that processes packet which is required for backhaul interface. It performs the following feature.  Packet RX and TX  IPv4 and IPv6  Packet queuing and scheduling  MAC filtering  IP Packet forwarding  IP fragmentation and reassembly  Link aggregation  VLAN termination  ACL
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3-31 3.2.2.3 User Space IP Routing Software (IPRS) IPRS is software that provides IP Routing and IP Security function in regards to eNB Backhaul. It is composed of IPRS, IP Security Software (IPSS), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), and each function executes following feature.  IPRS: Provides function to collect/manage System Configuration required for IP Routing, and generate Routing Data based on this information.  Ethernet, VLAN-TE, Link Aggregation management feature  Ethernet OAM Feature  IP Address Management Feature  IP Routing Data Management Feature  QoS Management Feature  IPSS: It is software that performs security for IP layer, and provides the filtering function based on IP Address, TCP/UDP port number and protocol type.  DHCP: DHCP is software block that executes automatic IP address assignment, and provides the interfaces with DHCP server to automatically obtain IP. Call Processing Software (CPS) CPS is software subsystem which executes call processing in LTE eNB. It interfaces with mobile terminal, and EPC. CPS is responsible for data transmission in order to provide wireless data service such as MAC scheduling, air link control, ARQ processing, S1, and X2 message processing.  eNB Common Management Block (ECMB)  Setting/Releasing cell  Transmitting the system information  eNB overload control (according to the CPU load)  Access barring control (controlling access barring parameters sent to SIB2)  Resource measurement control (status measurement control of eNB resources such as PRB usage and PDB)  Cell load information transmission (acting as the interface for the ICIC function, X2 load information message transmission between eNBs)  eNB Call Control Block (ECCB)  Radio resource management  Idle to Active state transition  Setting/changing/releasing bearer  Paging  MME selection and load balancing  Call admission control  Security function  Handover control  UE measurement control
CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure 3-32 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.  Stream Control Transmission protocol Block (SCTB)  S1-C interfacing  X2-C interfacing  CPS SON Agent Block (CSAB)  Mobility robustness optimization  RACH optimization  GPRS Tunneling Protocol Block (GTPB)  GTP tunnel control  GTP management  GTP data transmission  PDCP Control Block (PDCB)  Header compression and decompression: ROHC only  User and control plane data transmission  PDCP sequence number maintenance  DL/UL data forwarding at handover  Ciphering and deciphering user data and control data  Integrity protection for control data  Timer based PDCP SDU discard  Radio Link Control Block (RLCB)  Transmission for upper layer PDU  ARQ function used for AM mode data transmission  RLC SDU concatenation, segmentation and reassembly  Re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs  In sequence delivery  Duplicate detection  RLC SDU discard  RLC re-establishment  Protocol error detection and recovery  Medium Access Control Block (MACB)  Mapping between the logical channel and the transport channel  Multiplexing & de-multiplexing  HARQ  Transport format selection  Priority handling between mobile terminals  Priority handling between logical channels of one mobile terminal
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 3-33 Operation And Maintenance (OAM) For interface with LSM and Web-EMT, OAM provides standardized interface (SNMPv2c, SNMPv3, SFTP, HTTPs, or SSH) with improved security. Also, for OAM of LTE eNB, it performs call processing, collects performance data, manages system configuration and resource, manages software/hardware resources, manages alarm, and performs diagnosis. Detailed functions handled by the OAM are:  OAM SON Agent Block (OSAB)  Self-configuration and self-establishment of system information  Automatic Neighbor Relation optimization  Energy saving management  Performance Management (PM)  Statistics collection  Statistics storage  Statistics transmission  Fault Management (FM)  Fault detection and alarm reporting  Alarm retrieval  Alarm filtering  Alarm severity setting  Alarm threshold setting  Alarm correlation  Configuration Management (CM) View and change configuration information  SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) Interface with SNMP Manager  Software Management (SwM)  Download and installation of software and data files  Hardware unit and system reset  Monitoring the status of software unit in operation  Software and firmware information management and update  Software upgrade  Inventory management  Test Management (TM)  Setting/Releasing OCNS  Setting/Releasing MODEL  PING test  Tx/Rx output measurement  Antenna VSWR measurement  Trace Management (TrM)  Call trace  Call Summary Log (CSL)
CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure 3-34 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.  Web-based Element Maintenance Terminal (Web-EMT)  Web server  Interoperation with other OAM blocks to process commands  CLI (Command Line Interface)  CLI user management  Command input and result output  Fault/Status message output Middleware (MW) MW allows smooth communication between OS and Application under various hardware environments. For such purpose, it provides ‘message delivery service, debugging utility service, event and notification service’ between applications. Also, it provides ‘high availability service, task handling service’ for redundancy and data backup.  Message Delivery Service (MDS): Provides entire service relating to sending and receiving messages.  Debugging Utility Service (DUS): Provides function to send debugging data and commands between Application and User.  Event Notification Service (ENS): Provides function to register various events (such as timer, etc), manage events, and send event message to target when necessary.  High Availability Service (HAS): Provides Data synchronization and redundancy state management.  Miscellaneous Function Service (MFS): Manages miscellaneous hardware-dependable functions. (such as accessing hardware’s physical address)  Task Handling Service (THS): Provides function to generate/termina7te, or display Task.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 4-1 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow 4.1 Call Processing Message Flow 4.1.1 CDMA Call Processing Message Flow This chapter describes the call processing message flow of CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO.
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow 4-2 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 1X voice call origination The following shows the message flow of 1X voice call origination procedure. Figure 4.1 1X voice call origination MS BTS BSC WSS 1) Origination Message 2) BS_ACK_Order 5) Resource Allocation 9) BS Ack Order 10) MS Ack Order 11) Service Negotiation 7) Extended Channel Assignment 3) CM Service Request 4) Assignment Request 13) Assignment Complete 12) Service Negotiation Complete 6) Null Traffic 8) Reverse Pilot
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 4-3 Step Description 1)-2) When the Mobile Station (MS) sends a origination message, the BTS transmits the message to the BSC and the BS ACK Order as a message acknowledgement response to the MS. 3) Upon the reception of the message, the BSC requests Connection Management (CM) service to the WSS. 4) The WSS performs the authentication for the corresponding UE and requests resource allocation to the BSC. 5) Then, the resources such as the channel for the voice call are allocated. 6) The BTS transmits the null traffic to the MS to allow the MS to detect the traffic channel easily. 7) The BTS transmits the null traffic to the MS to allow the MS to detect the traffic channel easily. Through this message, the MS acknowledges that the BTS transmits the traffic channel. 8) The MS notifies the BTS its message reception through the reverse pilot. 9)-10) The BTS and the MS transmit and receive response messages to check the traffic path between the BSS and the MS. 11)-12) If necessary, the BTS and the BSC perform service negotiation with the MS. 13) The BSC notifies the WSS that the call is set up normally.
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow 4-4 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 1X voice call termination The following shows the message flow of 1X voice call termination procedure. Figure 4.2 1X voice call termination MS BTS BSC WSS 3) Paging Response 4) BS_ACK_Order 7) Resource Allocation 11) BS Ack Order 12) MS Ack Order 13) Service Negotiation 9) Extended Channel Assignment 6) Assignment Request 15) Assignment Complete 14) Service Negotiation Complete 8) Null Traffic 10) Reverse Pilot 1) Paging Request 2) Paging Request 5) Paging Response
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 4-5 Step Description 1)-2) When the WSS requests paging to the BSC, the BSC transmits paging signal to the MS through the BTS. 3) When the MS receives a paging signal, it sends the response for the signal to the BTS. 4)-6) The BTS transmits a paging response message of the MS to the BSC and a message acknowledgement response to the MS. Upon the reception of the message, the BSC transmits the paging response message to the WSS and the WSS requests resource allocation to the BSS depending on call process. 7) Then, the resources such as the channel for the voice call are allocated. 8) The BTS transmits the null traffic to the MS to allow the MS to detect the traffic channel easily. 9) The BTS transmits the null traffic to the MS to allow the MS to detect the traffic channel easily. Through this message, the MS acknowledges that the BTS transmits the traffic channel. 10) The MS notifies the BTS its message reception through the reverse pilot. 11)-12) The BTS and the MS transmit and receive response messages to check the traffic path between the BSS and the MS. 13)-14) If necessary, the BTS and the BSC perform service negotiation with the MS. 15) The BSC notifies the WSS that the call is set up normally.
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow 4-6 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 1X packet data call origination The following shows the message flow of 1X packet data call origination procedure. Figure 4.3 1X packet data call origination Step Description 1)-2) When the MS transmits an outgoing message, the BSS requests the connection control to the WSS. 3)-4) The WSS performs the authentication for the corresponding UE and requests resource allocation to the BSS. Then, the BSS allocates resources to the MS. 5) If necessary, the BTS and the BSC perform service negotiation with the MS. 6)-8) Configure the PDSN and R-P interface. When the R-P interface is configured, the BSS notifies the WSS that the call is set up normally. MS BSS WSS PDSN 4) Channel Assignment 5) Service Negotiation 3) Assignment Request 8) Assignment Complete 2) CM Service Request 6) Registration Request 1) Origination Message 7) Registration Reply
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 4-7 1X packet data call termination The following shows the message flow of 1X packet data call termination procedure. Figure 4.4 1X packet data call termination Step Description 1) The IP packet in PPP is transmitted from the PDSN. 2)-5) The BSS requests a call service to the WSS and the WSS requests paging to the BSS. The BSS transmits a paging signal to the MS. 6)-8) When the MS transmits a paging response message to the BSS, the BSS relays the message to the WSS. Upon the reception of the message, the WSS requests resource allocation to the BSS. 9) Then, the BSS allocates resources for the packet data call. If necessary, it performs service negotiation. 10)-12) Configure the PDSN and R-P interface. When the R-P interface is configured, the BSS notifies the WSS that the call is set up normally. MS BSS WSS PDSN 6) Paging Response 3) BS Service Response Request 12) Assignment Complete 2) BS Service Request 10) Registration Request 1) PPP Framed IP Packet 4) Paging Request 5) Paging Message 7) Paging Response 8) Assignment Request 9) Channel Assignment 11) Registration Reply
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow 4-8 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 1X voice call soft handoff The following shows the message flow of 1X voice call soft handoff. Figure 4.5 1X voice call soft handoff Step Description 1)-2) When the MS is in handoff area, it transmits the Power Strength Measurement Message (PSMM) to the source BTS and the source BTS relays it to the BSC to determine the type of handoff. The BSC transmits it to Source BTS and the Source BTS transmits it to MS. 3)-4) If the BSC determines the handoff as a soft handoff, it requests new source allocation to the BTS. The target BTS performs channel allocation and transmits the configuration of the allocated channel to the BSC. 5)-7) The BSC transmits a handoff direction message which requests an addition of the target BTS to the MS. When the MS reports a completion message of the process to the BSC, a cell addition is complete. Then, the BSC notifies the result to the WSS. MS Source BTS BSC WSS 3) CE Assignment Request 7) Handoff Performed 1) PSMM Target BTS 2) BSAck 4) CE Assignment Response 5) Handoff Direction Message 6) Handoff Completion Message
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 4-9 1X call release by MS The following shows the message flow of 1X call release procedure by MS. Figure 4.6 1X call release by MS Step Description 1)-2) When the MS requests a call release, the request message is relayed via the BTS and the BSC to the WSS. 3)-4) The WSS transmits the call release order, the BSC forwards the order to the MS through the BTS. 5) Then, the allocated resources for the call are released. 6) The BSC notifies the call release to the WSS. MS BTS BSC WSS 4) Release Order 5) Resource Release 3) Clear Command 6) Clear Complete 1) Release Order 2) Clear Request
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow 4-10 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 1X call release by WSS The following shows the message flow of 1X call release procedure by WSS. Figure 4.7 1X call release by WSS Step Description 1)-3) The WSS transmits the call release order, the BSC forwards the order to the MS through the BTS and receives the response for the order. 4) Then, the allocated resources for the call are released. 5) The BSC notifies the call release to the WSS. MS BTS BSC WSS 3) Release Order 4) Resource Release 1) Clear Command 5) Clear Complete 2) Release Order
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 4-11 1xEV-DO Session setup The following shows the message flow of 1xEV-DO Session setup procedure. Figure 4.8 1xEV-DO Session setup Step Description 1)-3) When a MS configures a session, it sends a UATI Request message to the BSC and BTS. the BSC and BTS allocate UATI to the MS and prepares for session negotiation and authentication. 4)-13) The session negotiation between the MS and the BSC/BTS is performed. MS BTS BSC 1) UATI Request 2) UATI Assignment 3) UATI Complete 4) Connection Request 7) Traffic Channel Assignment 5) AllocTrafficChReq 6) AllocTrafficChRsp 8) Pilot + DRC 9) MobileAcquired 10) RTCAck 11) Traffic Channel Complete 13) Connection Close 12) Session Negotiation
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow 4-12 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 1xEV-DO MS authentication and PPP setup The following shows the message flow of 1xEV-DO MS authentication and PPP setup procedure. Figure 4.9 1xEV-DO MS authentication and PPP setup Step Description 1)-11) Perform the authentication between the MS and the BSC/BTS. 12)-15) The BSC establishes the A10 connection to the PDSN. MS BTS BSC 1) Connection Request 4) Traffic Channel Assignment 9) PPP, LCP Negotiation and Chap Challenge PDSN 2) AllocTrafficChReq 3) AllocTrafficChRsp 5) Pilot + DRC 6) MobileAcquired 7) RTCAck 8) Traffic Channel Complete AN-AAA10) A12-Access Request 11) A12-Access Accept 12) Chap Authentication Success 13) A11-Registration Request 14) A11-Registration Reply Accept 15) Establish PPP Session
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 4-13 Transition to the 1xEV-DO Dormant state The following figure shows the message flow of the transition procedure to the 1xEV-DO dormant state by BSC. Figure 4.10 Transition to the 1xEV-DO Dormant state Step Description 1)-6) If no data transmission or reception occurs for a certain period of time after the data service, a transition to the dormant state occurs, in which the wireless connection is released, but the PPP session is maintained. The transition is processed by sending the BTS disconnection message. The 1xEv-DO base station no longer maintains the connection information; the information is maintained in the BSC and the PPP session is maintained in the PDSN. MS BTS BSC 2) Connection Close PDSN 3) A11-Registration Request 5) A11-Registration Reply 1) Connection Close 4) DeallocTrafficChReq 6) DeallocTrafficChRsp 1. Inactivity timer expiration 2. Airlink Lost 3. Keep Alive Timeout
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow 4-14 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Transition from 1xEV-DO Dormant status to the Active state by MS The following figure shows the message flow of transition procedure by MS from 1xEV-DO Dormant status to the Active state by BSC. Figure 4.11 Transition from 1xEV-DO Dormant status to the Active state by MS Step Description 1)-10) If there is data to transmit from the MS, the MS requests a connection to the BSC and the wireless connection is re-established from the BTS and the MS. This is the same procedure for a general outgoing call configuration. MS BTS BSC PDSN 2) A11-Registration Request 4) A11-Registration Reply 1) Connection Request 3) AllocTrafficChReq 6) Traffic Channel Assignment HRPD Dormant Session5) AllocTrafficChReq 7) Pilot + DRC 8) MobileAcquiredInd 9) RTC Ack 10) Traffic Channel Complete
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 4-15 Transition from 1xEV-DO Dormant status to the Active state by network The following figure shows the message flow of transition procedure by network from 1xEV-DO Dormant status to the Active state by BSC. Figure 4.12 Transition from 1xEV-DO Dormant status to the Active state by network Step Description 1)-12) If there is data to transmit to the MS, the MS requests a connection to the BSC and the wireless connection is re-established from the BTS and the MS. This is the same procedure for a general outgoing call configuration. MS BTS BSC PDSN 4) A11-Registration Request 1) Transmitting packet data 3) Connection Request 5) AllocTrafficChReq 8) Traffic Channel Assignment HRPD Dormant Session7) AllocTrafficChReq 9) Pilot + DRC 10) MobileAcquiredInd 11) RTC Ack 12) Traffic Channel Complete 2) Page 6) Transmitting packet data
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow 4-16 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 1xEV-DO softer handoff The following shows the message flow of 1xEV-DO softer handoff procedure. Figure 4.13 1xEV-DO softer handoff Step Description 1) The MS sends a Route Update message when a new pilot needs to be added to the Active Set. 2)-3) New wireless resources are allocated to the BTS. 4)-5) New Active Set is notified to the MS through the Traffic Channel Assignment message by BTS. The MS responses with a Traffic Channel Complete message. MS BTS BSC 3) AllocTrafficChResp 4) Traffic Channel Assignment 5) Traffic Channel Complete 2) AllocTrafficChReq 1) Route Update
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 4-17 1xEV-DO soft handoff The following shows the message flow of 1xEV-DO soft handoff procedure. Figure 4.14 1xEV-DO soft handoff Step Description 1) The MS sends a Route Update message when a new pilot needs to be added to the Active Set. 2)-7) New wireless resources are allocated to the BTS. 8)-11) New Active Set is notified to the MS through the Traffic Channel Assignment message by BTS. The MS responses with a Traffic Channel Complete message. MS Target BTS BSC 3) AllocTrafficChResp 10) Traffic Channel Assignment 11) Traffic Channel Complete 2) AllocTrafficChReq Source BTS2) Route Update 1) Route Update 4) StartDRCLengthTransmission 5) StartDRCLengthTransmission 6) SetRTCMacSoftHOInfo 7) SetRTCMacSoftHOInfo 8) Traffic Channel Assignment 9) Traffic Channel Complete
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow 4-18 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 4.1.2 LTE Call Processing Message Flow Attach Process The figure below shows the message flow of the Attach procedure. Figure 4.15 Attach Process Step Description 1 The UE performs the random access procedure (TS 36.321, 5.1) with the eNB. 2-4 The UE initializes the RRC Connection Establishment procedure (TS 36.331, 5.3.3). The UE includes the NAS ATTACH REQUEST message in the RRC INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST message and sends it to the eNB. UE eNB MME S-GW EPC 1) Random Access Procedure 2) RRCConnectionRequest 3) RRCConnectionSetup 4) RRCConnectionSetupComplete(ATTACH REQUEST) 5) Initial UE Message (ATTACH REQUEST) 6) Authentication/NAS Security Setup 10) UECapabilityEnquiry 11) UECapabilityInformation 13) SecurityModeCommand 14) SecurityModeComplete 15) RRCConnectionReconfiguration (ATTACH ACCEPT) 18) ULInformationTransfer (ATTACH COMPLETE) (ATTACH COMPLETE) 19) Uplink NAS Transport 17) Initial Context Setup Response (ATTACH ACCEPT) 9) Initial Context Setup Request 7) Create Session Request 8) Create Session Response 20) Modify Bearer Request 21) Modify Bearer Response Downlink data Downlink data Uplink data Uplink data 12) UE Capability Info Indication 16) RRCConnectionReconfiguration Complete
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 4-19 (Continued) Step Description 5 The eNB requests the MME from the RRC elements. The eNB includes the ATTCH REQUEST message in the INITIAL UE message, which is an S1-MME control message, and sends it to the MME. 6 If there is no UE context for the UE in the network, the integrity for the ATTACH REQUEST message is not protected, or the integrity check fails, an authentication and NAS security setup must be performed. The UE performs the Evolved Packet System (EPS) Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) procedure (TS 33.401, 6.1.1) with the MME. The MME sets up an NAS security association with the UE using the NAS Security Mode Command (SMC) procedure (TS 33.401, 7.2.4.4). 7-8 The MME selects the P-GW and S-GW. The MME sends the Create Session Request message to the S-GW. The S-GW adds an item to the EPS bearer table. From this step to step 20, the S-GW keeps the downlink packet received from the P-GW until the Modify Bearer Request message is received. The S-GW returns the Create Session Request message to the MME. 9 The MME includes the ATTACH REQUEST message in the INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST message, which is an S1-MME Control message, and sends it to the eNB. This S1 message also includes the AS security context information for the UE. This information starts the AS SMC procedure at the RRC level. 10-12 If the UE Radio Capability IE value is not contained in the INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST message, the eNB starts the procedure for obtaining the UE Radio Capability value from the UE and then sends the execution result to the MME. 13-14 The eNB sends the Security Mode Command message to the UE, and the UE responds with the SecurityModeComplete message. In the eNB, downlink encryption must start after Security Mode Command is transmitted and the uplink decryption must start after Security Mode Complete is received. In the UE, the uplink encryption must be started after the SecurityModeComplete message has been sent, and the downlink decryption must be started after the SecurityModeCommand message has been received (TS 33.401, 7.2.4.5). 15-16 The eNB includes the ATTACH ACCEPT message in the RRCConnectionReconfiguration message and sends it to the UE. The UE sends the RRCConnectionReconfiguration Complete message to the eNB. After receiving the ATTACH ACCEPT message, the UE can send uplink packets to both of the S-GW and P-GW via the eNB. 17 The eNB sends the INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE message to the MME. 18-19 The UE includes the ATTACH COMPLETE message in the ULInformationTransfer message and sends it to the eNB. The eNB includes the ATTACH COMPLETE message in the UPLINK NAS TRANSPORT message and relays it to the MME. 20-21 After receiving both of the INITIAL CONTEXT RESPONSE message at step 17 and the ATTACH COMPLETE message at step 19, the MME sends the Modify Bearer Request message to the S-GW. The S-GW sends the Modify Bearer Response message to the MME. S-GW can send the stored downlink packet.
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow 4-20 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Service Request Initiated by the UE The figure below shows the message flow of the Service Request procedure initiated by the UE. Figure 4.16 Service Request Process by UE Step Description 1 The UE performs the random access procedure with the eNB. 2-4 The UE includes the SERIVCE REQUEST message, which is an NAS message, in the RRC message that will be sent to the eNB, and sends it to the MME. 5 The eNB includes the SERVICE REQUEST message in the INITIAL UE message, which is an S1-AP message, and sends it to the MME. UE eNB MME S-GW EPC 1) Random Access Procedure 2) RRCConnectionRequest 3) RRCConnectionSetup 4) RRCConnectionSetupComplete(SERVICE REQUEST) 5) Initial UE Message (SERVICE REQUEST) 6) Authentication/NAS Security Setup 8) SecurityModeCommand 9) SecurityModeComplete 10) RRCConnectionReconfiguration 11) RRCConnectionReconfiguration Complete (SERVICE ACCEPT) 12) INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE(SERVICE ACCEPT) 7) INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST 13) Modify Bearer Request 14) Modify Bearer Response Downlink data Downlink data Uplink data Uplink data
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 4-21 (Continued) Step Description 6 If there is no UE context for the UE in the network, the integrity for the ATTACH REQUEST message is not protected, or the integrity check fails, an authentication and NAS security setup must be performed. The UE carries out the EPS AKA procedure (TS 33.401, 6.1.1) with the MME. The MME sets up an NAS security association with the UE using the NAS SMC procedure (TS 33.401, 7.2.4.4). 7 The MME sends the S1-AP Initial Context Setup Request message to the eNB. In this step, radio and S1 bearer are activated for all activated EPS bearers. 8-11 The eNB sets up the RRC radio bearers. The user plane security is established at this step. The uplink data from the UE can now be passed by the eNB to the S-GW. The eNB sends the uplink data to the S-GW, which, in turn, passes it to the P-GW. 12 The eNB sends the S1-AP Initial Context Setup Request message to the MME. 13-14 The MME sends the Modify Bearer Request message for each PDN connection to the S-GW. Now, the S-GW can send the downlink data to the UE. The S-GW sends the Modify Bearer Response message to the MME. Service Request by Network The message flow for service request procedure by network is illustrated below. Figure 4.17 Service Request Process by Network Step Description 1-2 When receiving a downlink data packet that should be sent to a UE while the user plane is not connected to that UE, the S-GW sends the Downlink Data Notification message to the MME which has the control plane connection to that UE. The MME replies to the S-GW with the Downlink Data Notification Acknowledge message. If the S-GW receives additional downlink data packet for the UE, this data packet is stored, and no new Downlink Data Notification is sent. UE eNBEPC 5) UE triggered Service Request procedure 4) Paging 1) Downlink Data Notification 2) Downlink Data Notification Acknowledge 3) Paging MME S-GW
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow 4-22 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. (Continued) Step Description 3-4 If the UE is registered with the MME, the MME sends the PAGING message to all eNBs which belong to the TA where the UE is registered. If the eNB receives the PAGING message from the MME, it sends the paging message to the UE. 5 When the UE in Idle mode receives the PAGING message via the E-UTRAN connection, the Service Request procedure initiated by the UE is started. The S-GW sends the downlink data to the UE via the RAT which has performed the Service Request procedure. Detach Initiated by the UE The figure below shows the message flow of the Detach procedure initiated by the UE. Figure 4.18 Detach Process by UE Step Description 1-2 The UE sends the DETACH REQUEST message, which is an NAS message, to the MME. This NAS message is used to start setting up an S1 connection when the UE is in Idle mode. 3 The active EPS bearers and their context information for the UE and MME which are in the S-GW are deactivated when the MME sends the Delete Session Request message for each PDN connection. 4 When receiving the Delete Session Request message from the MME, the S-GW releases the related EPS bearer context information and replies with the Delete Session Response message. 5-6 If the detachment procedure has been triggered by reasons other than disconnection of power, the MME sends the DETACH ACCEPT message to the UE. UE eNB MME S-GW EPC 1) ULInformationTransfer (DETACH REQUEST) 3) Delete Session Request 2) Uplink NAS Transport (DETACH REQUEST) 4) Delete Session Response 5) Downlink NAS Transport (DETACH ACCEPT) 7) UE Context Release Command 9) UE Context Release Complete 6) DLInformationTransfer (DETACH ACCEPT) 8) RRCConnectionRelease (Detach)
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 4-23 (Continued) Step Description 7 The MME sets the Cause IE value of the UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMMAND message to ‘Detach’ and sends this message to the eNB to release the S1-MME signal connection for the UE. 8 If the RRC connection has not yet been released, the eNB sends the RRCConnectionRelease message to the UE in Requested Reply mode. Once a reply to this message is received from the UE, the eNB removes the UE context. 9 The eNB returns the UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMPLETE message to the MME and confirms that S1 is released. By doing this, the signal connection between the MME and eNB for the UE is released. This step must be performed immediately following step 7. Detach Initiated by the MME The figure below shows the message flow of the Detach procedure initiated by the MME. Figure 4.19 Detach Process by MME Step Description 1-2 The MME detaches the UE implicitly if there is no communication between them for a long time. In case of the implicit detach, the MME does not send the DETACH REQUEST message to the UE. If the UE is in the connected status, the MME sends the DETACH REQUEST message to the UE to detach it explicitly. 3-4 These steps are the same as Step 3 and 4 in ‘Detach Procedure by UE’. 5-6 If the UE has received the DETACH REQUEST message from the MME in step 2, it sends the DETACH ACCEPT message to the MME. The eNB forwards this NAS message to the MME. 7 After receiving both of the DETACH ACCEPT message and the Delete Session Response message, the MME sets the Cause IE value of the UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMMAND message to ‘Detach’ and sends this message to the eNB to release the S1 connection for the UE. 8-9 These steps are the same as Step 8 and 9 in ‘Detach Procedure by UE’. UE eNB MME S-GW EPC 3) Delete Session Request 6) UPLINK NAS TRANSPORT (DETACH ACCEPT) 4) Delete Session Response 1) DOWNLINK NAS TRANSPORT (DETACH REQUEST) 7) UE Context Release Command (Detach) 9) UE Context Release Complete 2) DLInformationTransfer (DETACH REQUEST) 8) RRCConnectionRelease 5) ULInformationTransfer (DETACH ACCEPT)
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow 4-24 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. LTE Handover-X2-based Handover The figure below shows the message flow of the X2-based Handover procedure. Figure 4.20 X2-based Handover Procedure Step Description 1 The UE sends the Measurement Report message according to the system information, standards and rules. The source eNB determines whether to perform the UE handover based on the MeasurementReport message and the radio resource management information. 2 The source eNB sends the HANDOVER REQUEST message and the information required for handover to the target eNB. The target eNB can perform management control in accordance with the E-RAB QoS information received. 3-4 The target eNB prepares the handover and creates an RRCConnectionReconfiguration message, containing the mobileControlInfo IE that tells the source eNB to perform the handover. The target eNB includes the RRCConnectionReconfiguration message in the HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE message, and sends it to the source eNB. The source eNB sends the RRCConnectionReconfiguration message and the necessary parameters to the UE to command it to perform the handover. UE Source eNB MME S-GW EPC 1) MeasurementReport Target eNB Downlink/Uplink data Downlink/Uplink data 3) HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE 5) SN STATUS TRANSFER 4) RRCConnection- Reconfiguration (mobilityControlinfo) Data forwarding 6) Synchronization/UL allocation and timing advance 7) RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete Forwarded data Uplink data Forwarded data Downlink data Down/Uplink data Down/Uplink data Uplink data Downlink data 8) PATH SWITCH REQUEST 9) Modify Bearer Request End marker End marker 10) Modify Bearer Response 11) PATH SWITCH REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE 12) UE CONTEXT RELEASE 2) HANDOVER REQUEST
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 4-25 (Continued) Step Description 5 To send the uplink PDCP SN receiver status and the downlink PDCP SN transmitter status of the E-RABs of which the PDCP status must be preserved, the source eNB sends the SN STATUS TRANSFER message to the target eNB. 6 After receiving the RRCConnectionReconfiguration message containing mobileControlInfo IE, the UE performs synchronization with the target eNB and connects to the target cell via a Random Access Channel (RACH). The target eNB replies with an allocated UL and a timing advance value. 7 After having connected to the target cell successfully, the UE notifies the target eNB that the Handover procedure has been completed using an RRCConnection-ReconfigurationComplete message. 8 The target eNB, using the PATH SWITCH REQUEST message, notifies the MME that the UE has changed the cell. 9-10 The MME sends the Modify Bearer Request message to the S-GW. The S-GW changes the downlink data path into the target eNB. The S-GW sends at least one ‘end marker’ to the source eNB through the previous path, and releases the user plane resources for the source eNB. The S-GW sends a Modify Bearer Response message to the MME. 11 The MME acknowledges the PATH SWITCH REQUEST message by issuing the PATH SWITCH REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE message. 12 The target eNB sends the UE CONTEXT RELEASE message to the source eNB to notify the handover has succeeded and to make the source eNB release its resources. When receiving the UE CONTEXT RELEASE messages, the source eNB released the radio resource and the control plane resource related to the UE context.
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow 4-26 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. LTE Handover-S1-based Handover The figure below shows the message flow of the S1-based Handover procedure. Figure 4.21 S1-based Handover Procedure UE Source eNB MME S-GW EPC Target eNB Downlink/Uplink data Downlink/Uplink data 3) HANDOVER REQUEST 8) RRCConnection- Reconfiguration (mobilityControlinfo) 10-1) Direct data forwarding1) Decision to trigger a relocation via S12) HANDOVER REQUIRED Indirect data forwarding Downlink data Downlink data End marker End marker 6) Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response 7) HANDOVER COMMAND 9) eNB STATUS TRANSFER 10) MME STATUS TRANSFER 10-2) Indirect data forwarding 11) Detach from old cell/Synchronize to new cell12) RRCConnectionReconfigurationCompleteForwarded data Uplink data Uplink data 13) HANDOVER NOTIFY 14) Modify Bearer Request 15) Modify Bearer ResponseForwarded data 16) Tracking Area Update procedure17) UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMMAND 18) UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMPLETE 19) Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request 20) Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response Downlink/Uplink data Downlink/Uplink data 4) HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE 5) Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 4-27 Step Description 1 The source eNB determines whether to perform S1-based handover to the target eNB. The source eNB can make this decision if there is no X2 connection to the target eNB or if an error is notified by the target eNB after an X2-based handover has failed, or if the source eNB dynamically receives the related information. 2 The source eNB sends the HANDOVER REQUIRED message to the MME. The source eNB notifies the target eNB which bearer is used for data forwarding and whether direct forwarding from the source eNB to the target eNB is possible. 3-4 The MME sends the HANDOVER REQUEST message to the target eNB. This message makes the target eNB create a UE context containing the bearer-related information and the security context. The target eNB sends the HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE message to the MME. 5-6 If indirect forwarding is used, the MME sends the Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request message to the S-GW. The S-GW replies the MME with the Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response message. 7-8 The MME sends the HANDOVER COMMAND message to the source eNB. The source eNB creates the RRCConnectionReconfiguration message using the Target to Source Transparent Container IE value contained in the HANDOVER COMMAND message and then sends it to the UE. 9-10 To relay the PDCP and HFN status of the E-RABs of which the PDCP status must be preserved, the source eNB sends the eNB/MME STATUS TRANSFER message to the target eNB via the MME. The source eNB must start forwarding the downlink data to the target eNB through the bearer which was determined to be used for data forwarding. This can be either direct or indirect forwarding. 11 The UE performs synchronization with the target eNB and connects to the target cell via a RACH. The target eNB replies with UL allocation and timing advance value. 12 After having synchronized with the target cell, the UE notifies the target eNB that the Handover procedure has been completed using the RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete message. The downlink packets forwarded by the source eNB can be sent to the UE. The uplink packets can also be sent from the UE to the S-GW via the target eNB. 13 The target eNB sends the HANDOVER NOTIFY message to the MME. The MME starts the timer which tells when the resources of the source eNB and the temporary resources used by the S-GW for indirect forwarding will be released. 14 For each PDN connection, the MME sends the Modify Bearer Request message to the S-GW. Downlink packets are sent immediately from the S-GW to the target eNB. 15 The S-GW sends the Modify Bearer Response message to the MME. If the target eNB changes the path for assisting packet resorting, the S-GW immediately sends at least one ‘end marker’ packet to the previous path. 16 If any of the conditions listed in section 5.3.3.0 of TS 23.401 (6) is met, the UE starts the Tracking Area Update procedure.
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow 4-28 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. (Continued) Step Description 17-18 When the timer started at step 13 expires, the MME sends the UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMMAND message to the source eNB. The source eNB releases the resources related to the UE and replies to the target eNB with the UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMPLETE message. 19-20 If indirect forwarding has been used, when the timer started at step 13 expires the MME sends the Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request message to the S-GW. This message gets the S-GW to release the temporary resources allocated for indirect forwarding at step 5. The S-GW replies the MME with the Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response message.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 4-29 4.2 Loading Flow Loading is the process where each processor and device downloads the required software and data from an Image Server (IS). In Smart MBS, Loading is executed during the system initialization. Also, if a particular board is newly mounted onto the system, or if a hardware reset is executed, loading will be executed. Loading can be classified into two types: loading using Non-volatile storage, or loading using a remote IS. At first system initialization, Smart MBS uses a remote IS to execute loading. At this time, it stores the corresponding data in its internal storage so that unnecessary loading will be prevented in the future. After first initialization, if loading is activated, versions will be compared. If the stored data is determined to be the latest version, remote loading will NOT be executed. If the stored data is NOT the latest version, remote loading will be executed from the BSM/LSM. Among other things, the loading file contains a software image consisting of executable files/script files and Programmable Loading Data (PLD) containing configuration data and operational parameters. Within the loading file, all the necessary data for the static routing function and initialization of Smart MBS is stored. Loading Procedure At initialization, the Smart MBS Loader first executes the following tasks. These tasks are referred to as Pre-Loading.  Boot-up The Booter copies the kernel and Root File System (RFS) from flash ROM to RAM disk to execute the kernel.  IP Configuration In order to communicate with the upper management system for the first time, the IP address data is obtained from flash ROM and configured. In the case of auto initialization, the Smart MBS automatically obtains Layer 3 information such as IP address, subnet mask, and gateway IP using DHCP.  Registration The Network Element (NE) is registered using a registration server (RS) and the IP address of the IS is obtained during the registration process.  Version Comparison Except for the case of forced loading, the software image and PLD versions stored in the remote IS are compared to determine where loading is required.  File List Download This task downloads the list of files needs to be loaded on the required cards.
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow 4-30 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Loading Message Flow After the Pre-Loading step has completed, the BSM /LSM should execute loading from either the corresponding IS or from its own storage array using SFTP. After this, the BSM/LSM-R loader now becomes the ‘internal IS’ to lower boards (which is not main processor), and the rest of the loading can be executed. The loaded software version of the Smart MBS can be checked from the upper management system. Loading message flow is shown in the following diagram. Figure 4.22 Smart MBS’ Loading Message Flow Smart MBS Board ProcessorMain ProcessorBSM/LSM-R (RS/IS) Registration Image Loading RS/IS Non-volatilestorage
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. I ABBREVIATION A AC Admission Control ADC Analog to Digital Conversion AM Acknowledged Mode AMBR Aggregated Maximum Bit Rate AN Access Networks AN-AAA Access Network-Authorization, Authentication and Accounting ANR Automatic Neighbor Relation ARQ Automatic Repeat request AS Access Stratum AWS Advanced Wireless Services B BOC Burst Operation Control BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying BRC BTS Resource Control BSC Base Station Controller BSM BSS System Manager BTS Base Transceiver Station BTS Base Transceiver Station C CA Carrier Allocation CAC Call Admission Control CAI Common Air Interface CAM Channel Assignment Message CC Chase Combining CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CEC Channel Element Control CICA-A CDMA IP Channel card board Assembly-type A CICA-D CDMA IP Channel card board Assembly-type D CICA-D2 CDMA IP Channel card board Assembly-type D2 CIMA-A CDMA Management board Assembly-type A CIMA-A2 CDMA Management board Assembly-type A2 CLI Command Line Interface CM Configuration Management
ABBREVIATION II © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. CoS Class of Service CPRI Common Public Radio Interface CPS Call Processing Software CRM Call Resource Management CS Circuit Service CSAB CPS SON Agent Block CSR Cell Site Router D D/D Device Driver DAC Digital to Analog Conversion DBMS Database Management System DD Device Driver DEC DO channel Element Controller DFT Discrete Fourier Transform DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DiffServ Differentiated Services DMC DO Media Controller DRH DO Resource Handler DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point DU Digital Unit DUS Debugging Utility Service E E/O Electrical to Optic ECCB eNB Call Control Block ECCB eNB Call Control Block ECM/FCM Environment Control Module/Fan Control Module ECMB eNB Common Management Block EMS Element Management System eNB evolved UTRAN Node B ENS Event Notification Service EPC Evolved Packet Core E-UTRAN Evolved UTRAN EVRC-B Enhanced Variable Rate Codec-B F FA Foreign Agent FANM-C4 Fan Module-C4 FANM-G2 Fan Module-G2 FDD Frequency Division Duplex FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access FHS File-system Hierarchy Standard 2.2 FM Fault Management FSTD Frequency Switched Transmit Diversity
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. III G GTPB GPRS Tunneling Protocol Block H HA Home Agent HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request H-ARQ Hybrid-ARQ HAS High Availability Service HO Handover HSS Home Subscriber Server HTTPs Hyper Text Transfer Protocol over SSL I ICIC Inter-Cell Interference Coordination IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform IMSI International Mobile Station Identity IMSI International Mobile Station Identity IPRS IP Routing Software IPSS IP Security Software IR Incremental Redundancy IS Image Server L L9CA-A2P LTE eNB Channel card board Assembly-type A2P L9CA-B4T LTE eNB Channel card board Assembly-type B4T L9FU LTE eNB Filter Unit L9VU LTE eNB transceiver Unit LNA Low Noise Amplifier LRU Local Radio Unit LSM LTE System Manager LSM-C LTE System Manager-Core LSM-R LTE System Manager-Radio LTE Long Term Evolution M MA Maintenance Processing MAC Media Access Control MACB Medium Access Control Block MBR Maximum Bit Rate MBS Multi-modal Base Station MBSFN Multimedia Broadcast multicast service over a Single Frequency Network MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme MDS Message Delivery Service MFS Miscellaneous Function Service
ABBREVIATION IV © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. MGW Media Gateway MIB Master Information Block MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output MM Mobility Management MME Mobility Management Entity MRD Mobile Receive Diversity MS Mobile Station MSS Master SON Server MW Middleware N NAI Network Access Identifier NAS Non-Access Stratum NP Network Processing NPC Network Processing Control NPS Network Processor System NR Neighbor Relation NRT Neighbor Relation Table O O/E Optic to Electrical OAM Operation And Maintenance OCS Online Charging System OFCS Offline Charging System OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access OP Operating Processing OS Operating System OSAB OAM SON Agent Block OSS Operations Support System P PAPR Peak to Average Power Ratio PCEF Policy and Charging Enforcement Function PCF Packet Control Function PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect PCM Pulse Code Modulation PCN Packet Core Network PCRF Policy and Charging Rule Function PDCB PDCP Control Block PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol PDPU-O2C Power Distribution Panel Unit-O2C PDPU-O2E Power Distribution Panel Unit-O2E PDPU-OC Power Distribution Panel Unit-OC PDSN Packet Data Serving Node P-GW PDN Gateway PLER Packet Loss Error Rate
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0 © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. V PM Performance Management PMI Precoding Matrix Indicator PMIP Proxy Mobile IP PPP Point to Point Protocol PPPD PPP Daemon PRACH Physical Random Access Channel PRB Physical Resource Block PSMM Power Strength Measurement Message PSS Primary Synchronization Signal PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network Q QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QAS QChat Application Server QChat Qualcomm Chat QCI QoS Class Identifier QLIC Qualcomm Linear Interference Cancellation QOF Quasi Orthogonal Function QoS Quality of Service QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying R RACH Random Access Channel RAN Radio Access Network RB Radio Bearer RC Radio Configuration RC Radio Configuration RF Radio Frequency RFS Root File System RLC Radio Link Control RLCB Radio Link Control Block RLIC Reverse Link Interference Cancellation RLIC Reverse Link Interference Cancellation RLP Radio Link Protocol RO RACH Optimization ROHC Robust Header Compression RRH Remote RF Head RU Radio Unit S S1-AP S1 Application Protocol SC Single Carrier SC/MM Session Control/Mobility Management SCTB Stream Control Transmission protocol Block SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol SDU Selection and Distribution Unit
ABBREVIATION VI © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. SFBC Space Frequency Block Coding SFN System Frame Number SFTP SSH File Transfer Protocol S-GW Serving Gateway SIBs System Information Blocks SM Spatial Multiplexing SMS Short Message Service SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SON Self Organizing Network SSH Secure Shell SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal STBC Space Time Block Coding SU Single User SUA SCCP User Adaptation SwM Software Management T TA Tracking Area TCA Threshold Cross Alert TDD Time Division Duplex TDM Time Division Multiplex TDTD Time Division Transmit Diversity THS Task Handling Service TM Test Management TrM Trace Management U UADB Universal platform Digital Backboard UADU Universal Platform Digital Unit UAMA-A21 Universal platform Management board Assembly-type A21 UAMA-A41 Universal Platform Management board Assembly-type A41 UE User Equipment V VCN Voice Core Network VLAN Virtual Local Area Network W Web-EMT Web-based Element Maintenance Terminal WSS Wireless Softswitch
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description ©2012 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Information in this description is proprietary to SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. No information contained here may be copied, translated, transcribed or duplicated by any form without the prior written consent of SAMSUNG. Information in this description is subject to change without notice.
MPE Information ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Warning: Exposure to Radio Frequency Radiation The radiated output power of this device is far below the FCC radio frequency exposure limits. Nevertheless, the device should be used in such a manner that the potential for human contact during normal operation is minimized. In order to avoid the possibility of exceeding the FCC radio frequency exposure limits, human proximity to the antenna should not be less than1100cm during normal operation. The gain of the antenna is 20.7 dBi.The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.

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