Samsung Electronics Co SMM-BMAA022000 Smart MBS (Smart Multi-modal Base Station) User Manual

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Ver. 1.0
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS
System Description
COPYRIGHT
This description is proprietary to SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. and is protected by copyright.
No information contained herein may be copied, translated, transcribed or duplicated for any commercial
purposes or disclosed to the third party in any form without the prior written consent of SAMSUNG Electronics
Co., Ltd.
TRADEMARKS
Product names mentioned in this description may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their
respective companies.
This description should be read and used as a guideline for properly installing and operating the product.
This description may be changed for the system improvement, standardization and other technical reasons without
prior notice.
If you need updated manuals or have any questions concerning the contents of the manuals, contact our Document
Center at the following address or Web site:
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Homepage: http://www.samsungdocs.com
©2012 SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
All rights reserved.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description
INTRODUCTION
Purpose
This description introduces characteristics, features, and structure for Smart MBS (Multimodal Base Station), which is the Samsung Multi-Modal system.
Document Content and Organization
This description consists of 4 Chapters and Abbreviation as follows.
CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System

Samsung Multi-Modal System Introduction

Samsung Multi-Modal System Network Configuration

Samsung Multi-Modal System Feature
CHAPTER 2. Overview of Smart MBS

Smart MBS System Introduction

Smart MBS Main Feature

Smart MBS Specification

Interface between the Systems
CHAPTER 3. Smart MBS System Structure

Hardware Structure

Software Structure
CHAPTER 4. Message Flow

CDMA, LTE Call Processing Message Flow

Loading flow
ABBREVIATION
Provides definition for acronyms used in this description.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
INTRODUCTION
Conventions
The following types of paragraphs contain special information that must be carefully read
and thoroughly understood. Such information may or may not be enclosed in a rectangular
box, separating it from the main text, but is always preceded by an icon and/or a bold title.
NOTE
Indicates additional information as a reference.
Revision History
II
EDITION
DATE OF ISSUE
REMARKS
1.0
2012. 02.
First Edition
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Purpose .................................................................................................................................................. I
Document Content and Organization..................................................................................................... I
Conventions........................................................................................................................................... II
Revision History..................................................................................................................................... II
CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System
1-1
1.1
Introduction to Samsung Multi-Modal System.................................................................... 1-1
1.2
Samsung Multi-Modal System Network Configuration....................................................... 1-3
1.3
1.2.1
CDMA System Network Configuration ................................................................................. 1-4
1.2.2
LTE System Network Configuration ..................................................................................... 1-7
Samsung Multi-Modal System Feature .............................................................................. 1-10
1.3.1
CDMA System Feature.......................................................................................................1-10
1.3.2
LTE System Feature........................................................................................................... 1-11
CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract
2.1
2.2
2-1
Smart MBS System Introduction .......................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.1
CDMA System Feature......................................................................................................... 2-3
2.1.2
LTE System Feature.............................................................................................................2-3
Smart MBS Main Feature....................................................................................................... 2-7
2.2.1
Physical Layer Processing Function .................................................................................... 2-7
2.2.2
Call Processing Function.................................................................................................... 2-11
2.2.3
IP Processing Function.......................................................................................................2-13
2.2.4
Operation and Maintenance Function................................................................................2-13
2.3
Specifications ...................................................................................................................... 2-16
2.4
Interface between Systems................................................................................................. 2-18
2.4.1
CDMA Interface Structure...................................................................................................2-18
2.4.2
LTE Interface Structure .......................................................................................................2-20
2.4.3
Physical Interface Operation Method .................................................................................2-25
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
III
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 3. Smart MBS Structure
3-1
3.1 Smart MBS Hardware Structure ..............................................................................................3-1
3.2
3.1.1
Internal Configuration of System (CDMA)............................................................................3-5
3.1.2
Internal Configuration of System (LTE) ................................................................................3-7
3.1.3
UADU....................................................................................................................................3-9
3.1.4
LRU.....................................................................................................................................3-14
3.1.5
Power Device......................................................................................................................3-16
3.1.5
Environment Devices..........................................................................................................3-18
3.1.6
Interface structure ...............................................................................................................3-20
Smart MBS Software Structure ...........................................................................................3-24
3.2.1
CDMA Software Structure...................................................................................................3-24
3.2.2
LTE Software Structure.......................................................................................................3-29
CHAPTER 4. Message Flow
4.1
4.2
4-1
Call Processing Message Flow .............................................................................................4-1
4.1.1
CDMA Call Processing Message Flow ................................................................................4-1
4.1.2
LTE Call Processing Message Flow...................................................................................4-18
Loading Flow ........................................................................................................................4-29
ABBREVIATION
A ~ C ....................................................................................................................................................... I
D ~ F ...................................................................................................................................................... II
G ~ M .................................................................................................................................................... III
N ~ P.....................................................................................................................................................IV
Q ~ S......................................................................................................................................................V
T ~ W ....................................................................................................................................................VI
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1
Network Configuration of Samsung Multi-Modal System .......................................1-3
Figure 1.2
CDMA System Network Configuration ...................................................................1-4
Figure 1.3
LTE System Network Configuration .......................................................................1-7
Figure 1.4
CDMA System Functional Structure.....................................................................1-10
Figure 1.5 Functions of E-UTRAN and EPC ......................................................................... 1-11
Figure 2.1 Protocol Stack between BTS and MS ..................................................................2-18
Figure 2.2 Protocol Stack between BTS and BSC ................................................................2-19
IV
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
Figure 2.3 Protocol Stack between BTS and BSM ............................................................... 2-19
Figure 2.4
LTE Interface Structure........................................................................................ 2-20
Figure 2.5 Protocol Stack between UE and eNB .................................................................. 2-21
Figure 2.6 Protocol Stack between eNB and EPC................................................................ 2-22
Figure 2.7 Protocol Stack between eNB and MME............................................................... 2-22
Figure 2.8 Protocol Stack between eNBs (User Plane) ........................................................ 2-23
Figure 2.9 Protocol Stack between eNBs (Control Plane) .................................................... 2-23
Figure 2.10 Protocol Stack between eNB and LSM.............................................................. 2-24
Figure 3.1
Smart MBS Configuration...................................................................................... 3-2
Figure 3.2
CDMA/LTE 3Sector Configuration......................................................................... 3-3
Figure 3.3
CDMA/LTE 4 Sector Configuration........................................................................ 3-4
Figure 3.4
CDMA/LTE 6 Sector Configuration........................................................................ 3-4
Figure 3.5 Internal Configuration of System (CDMA) ............................................................. 3-5
Figure 3.6 Internal Configuration of System (LTE) ................................................................. 3-7
Figure 3.7
UADU Configuration.............................................................................................. 3-9
Figure 3.8
Cooling Structure of the UADU (FANM-C4)......................................................... 3-13
Figure 3.9
Power Device Configuration................................................................................ 3-16
Figure 3.10
Power Structure................................................................................................. 3-17
Figure 3.10 Configuration of Environment Devices .............................................................. 3-18
Figure 3.11 Hardware Interface structure of UADU (CDMA) ................................................ 3-20
Figure 3.12
Hardware Interface structure of UADU (LTE) .................................................... 3-22
Figure 3.13
Hardware Interface structure of LRU-C2 ........................................................... 3-23
Figure 3.14 CDMA Software Structure ................................................................................. 3-24
Figure 3.15 CDMA Call Processing Software Structure........................................................ 3-24
Figure 3.16
CDMA OAM Software Structure ........................................................................ 3-25
Figure 3.17 CDMA Common Software Structure .................................................................. 3-27
Figure 3.18 LTE Software Structure ..................................................................................... 3-29
Figure 4.1
1X voice call origination......................................................................................... 4-2
Figure 4.2
1X voice call termination ....................................................................................... 4-4
Figure 4.3
1X packet data call origination............................................................................... 4-6
Figure 4.4
1X packet data call termination ............................................................................. 4-7
Figure 4.5
1X voice call soft handoff ...................................................................................... 4-8
Figure 4.6
1X call release by MS............................................................................................ 4-9
Figure 4.7
1X call release by WSS....................................................................................... 4-10
Figure 4.8
1xEV-DO Session setup.......................................................................................4-11
Figure 4.9
1xEV-DO MS authentication and PPP setup ....................................................... 4-12
Figure 4.10 Transition to the 1xEV-DO Dormant state ......................................................... 4-13
Figure 4.11 Transition from 1xEV-DO Dormant status to the Active state by MS ................. 4-14
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Figure 4.12 Transition from 1xEV-DO Dormant status to the Active state by network...........4-15
Figure 4.13
1xEV-DO softer handoff .....................................................................................4-16
Figure 4.14
1xEV-DO soft handoff ........................................................................................4-17
Figure 4.15
Attach Process...................................................................................................4-18
Figure 4.16 Service Request Process by UE ........................................................................4-20
Figure 4.17 Service Request Process by Network................................................................4-21
Figure 4.18 Detach Process by UE .......................................................................................4-22
Figure 4.19 Detach Process by MME ...................................................................................4-23
Figure 4.20
X2-based Handover Procedure..........................................................................4-24
Figure 4.21 S1-based Handover Procedure..........................................................................4-26
Figure 4.22
VI
Smart MBS’ Loading Message Flow ..................................................................4-30
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description
CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung
Multi-Modal System
1.1 Introduction to Samsung Multi-Modal System
As mobile telecommunication technology has experienced rapid growth from analog
mobile telecommunication (1st Generation) to digital mobile telecommunication (2nd
Generation) to CDMA2000 (3rd Generation), and into WiMAX/LTE (4th Generation), voice
service is being expanded into data service.
Especially, wire/wireless hybrid service and new type mobile terminal such as smart phone
increased the demands for the high speed wireless technology. Along with the enhancement
of various mobile telecommunication networks, it is now becoming common for a single
terminal to support different mobile technologies.
Samsung Multi-Modal System is multi-mode base station that will satisfy such needs of
mobile telecommunication market by integrating voice (1X), data (1xEV-DO) and 4G
generation equipment(for example, LTE) into a single base station equipment.
Samsung Multi-Modal System mounts common Digital Unit (DU) platform, and Radio
Unit (RU) per each frequency bandwidth that operator can decide to configure it with either
single or multiple mobile technology. Samsung Multi-Modal System provides CDMA of
Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) method and LTE FDD.
In this case, Samsung Multi-Modal System supports the following telecommunication
technologies and major features.
Enhancement of CDMA Service Quality
When Samsung Multi-Modal system is operating in CDMA mode, it provides EV-DO
Rev0/RevA and 1X Advanced capabilities for an improved throughput and higher voice
capacity. The 2branch Rx Diversity feature provides enhanced CDMA network coverage
for the system.
CDMA2000 1X/1X Advanced
Enhanced Variable Rate Codec-B (EVRC-B), Reverse Link Interference Cancellation
(RLIC), Quasi Orthogonal Function (QOF) and New Radio Configuration (RC) are applied
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System
to Samsung Multi-Modal system based on CDMA2000 1X. Therefore, Samsung MultiModal system interworks with mobile terminal that Qualcomm Linear Interference
Cancellation (eQLIC), Mobile Receive Diversity (MRD) and New RC are applied to, can
support 1X Advanced that improves voice call capacity.
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.0/Rev.A
Samsung Multi-Modal system supports CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.0/Rev.A for data
service on CDMA network.
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
Samsung Multi-Modal system supports the service based on 3GPP LTE(a.k.a. LTE).
It improves the existing 3GPP mobile telecommunication system (low data throughput, but
high in cost) to a next generation wireless network system which provides a high speed
data service with minimal cost.
Samsung Multi-Modal system supports downlink Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple
Access (OFDMA) with either FDD, Uplink Single Carrier (SC) Frequency Division
Multiple Access (FDMA), and scalable bandwidth (for various spectrum allocation) to
provide high speed data service. Also, high-end hardware is implemented to improve system
performance and capacity that various high speed data feature/service can be provided.
Ease of Expanding 4G Service
Samsung Multi-Modal system only requires minimal board replacements and software
upgrades to provide a combined service of existing technology and 4G service from the
existing DU-RU cabinet and battery cabinet. Samsung Multi-Modal system utilizes the
existing cables, rectifiers, and batteries. The ease of 4G-installation and co-existence of
technologies will bring about a lot flexibility and efficiency for the operator in network
implementation, transition and expansion of future 4G service.
Green Solution
Samsung Multi-Modal system combines the equipment of 3G base station and the
equipment of the next generation 4G base station into a single base station, and also
contains the rectifier within the DU-RU cabinet. Samsung Multi-Modal system can reduce
the number of the equipment
Provides Efficient Backhaul Operation
Samsung Multi-Modal system provides functionality that can operate multiple
telecommunication technologies into a single physical backhaul network for reducing
backhaul expenses. In addition, it supports an efficient backhaul operation by providing a
‘per-technology’ sectional network operation by logically separating the backhaul,
minimizing traffic interference between different technologies.
1-2
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
1.2 Samsung Multi-Modal System Network
Configuration
Samsung Multi-Modal system plays a role as CDMA/LTE base station in a network where
CDMA and LTE systems co-exist. Samsung Multi-Modal System is configured as follows:
PDN
PSTN
Sp
IMS-HSS
LTE-HSS/SPR
PCRF
DPI
Gx
SMS
S6a
VMS
MAP
SCP
MAP
WIN
RADIUS
AAA
AAA
HLR
MAP
HA
STP
RADIUS
PMIP
EPC
(MME/S-GW/P-GW)
HSGW/
PDSN
A10/A11
WSS
A1p
A2p
MGW
S1
BSC
LTE
CDMA
Samsung Multi-Modal
System
Figure 1.1 Network Configuration of Samsung Multi-Modal System
When operating as CDMA, Samsung Multi-Modal system communicates with BSC
(CDMA controller), and operator may use BSM (EMS of CDMA) to control and manage
CDMA portion of Samsung Multi-Modal system. Likewise, when operating as LTE, it
communicates with EPC, and operator may use LSM-R (EMS of LTE) to control and
manage LTE portion of Samsung Multi-Modal system.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System
1.2.1 CDMA System Network Configuration
CDMA system network consists of Access Networks (AN) for mobile terminal access,
Voice Core Network (VCN) for voice service, and Packet Core Network (PCN) for packet
data service.
AN consists of Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Base Station Controller (BSC), and BSS
System Manager (BSM) to manage these components. AN communicates with VCN
(MGW, WSS, etc.) and PCN (AN-AAA, PDSN, etc.) to provide voice/data communication
service to mobile subscribers.
CDMA network architecture of Samsung Multi-Modal system is as follows:
VCN
MGW
WSS
A2p
A1p
AN
PCN
A12
Proprietary
AN-AAA
EMS
A10, A11
BSC
BSM
Internet
Proprietary
Proprietary
Proprietary
PDSN
…
BTS
BTS
IS2000, IS856
MS
MS
Figure 1.2 CDMA System Network Configuration
1-4
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
BTS is a system that handles wireless interface with mobile terminals(Mobile Station, MS)
in accordance with CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO standards as base station of CDMA.
BTS receives data from MS and forwards it to core network through BSC, and receives
data from core network via BSC and forwards it to MS. In order to play a role as wireless
transceiver, BTS manages Radio Frequency (RF) resources such as Carrier Allocation (CA),
Walsh codes.
BTS also supports RF scheduling and power control functionality.
Base Station Controller (BSC)
Through various backhaul interfaces, BSC coordinates with multiple BTS, and provides
resources that are required for communicating with BTS. BSC communicates with VCN to
process voice/circuit data calls, and coordinates with PCN to process packet data calls. It
also carries out operation/maintenance function in conjunction with BSM. It executes
Radio Link Protocol (RLP) and Selection and Distribution Unit (SDU) function aiding
handoff of MSs between BTSs. BSC also has Packet Control Function (PCF) SC/MM
feature that provides Session Control and Mobility Management function in 1xEV-DO
network.
BSS System Manager (BSM)
BSM provides operator interface that operators can control and manage BSC and BTS. For
Operation and Maintenance of BSC and BTS, BSM provides required commands such as
alarm/status/performance display, configuration management, and parameter control of the
system.
Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN) System
PDSN is a system which connects PCN to CDMA2000 1X or 1xEV-DO, and it
enables/maintains/disables the PPP to MS. PDSN particularly carries out functionality as
Foreign Agent (FA) for Home Agent (HA) to provide mobile IP service.
Access Network-Authorization, Authentication and Accounting (AN-AAA)
AN-AAA is a server that performs access network authentication for subscribers in 1xEVDO network. AN-AAA executes authentication based on Network Access Identifier (NAI),
and manages the mapping data of International Mobile Station Identity (IMSI) and MS
NAI.
Media Gateway (MGW)
MGW is an equipment that provides bearer gateway functionality (media conversion and
handling) in a CDMA network. MGW exchanges Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) data
(which is based on TDM) with PSTN, and exchanges voice frame (which is based on IP)
with BSC.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System
Wireless Softswtich (WSS)
WSS is a system component which provides switching role in CDMA voice network. It
also provides additional services for connecting subscribers to additional equipments or
other networks (PSTN).
1-6
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
1.2.2 LTE System Network Configuration
LTE network of Samsung Multi-Modal system incorporates base station (eNB), packet core
(EPC), LSM. The LTE system consists of multiple base stations (eNB: Evolved UTRAN
Node-B) and EPC(MME, S-GW/P-GW) provides functionality for UE to connect to
external network as subnet of PDN.
In addition, LTE system provides LSM and self-optimization function for operation and
maintenance of eEB.
LTE network architecture of Samsung Multi-Modal system is as follows:
PDN
Gy
EPC
OCS
Gz
Gx
CG
PCRF
S10
P-GW
Sp
Gz
S5/S8
TL1
EMS
S11
S6a
S-GW
MME
S1-U
S1-MME
HSS/SPR
LSM-C
S1
SNMP/FTP/UDP
X2-C
EMS
X2-U
LSM-R
Smart MBS
Smart MBS
RMI
Uu
MSS
UE
UE
Figure 1.3 LTE System Network Configuration
Evolved UTRAN Node-B (eNB)
eNB is a system located between mobile terminal (User Equipment, UE) and EPC, and it
handles the packet calls by connecting to UE wirelessly in accordance with LTE air
standard. eNB executes various functions including Tx/Rx of wireless signal,
modulation/demodulation of packet traffic, packet scheduling for efficient use of RF
resources, Hybrid Automatic Repeat request (HARQ) and Automatic Repeat request
(ARQ) process, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) of compressed packet header,
and wireless resource control.
Also, it synchronizes with EPC to execute handover.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
EPC is a system between eNB and PDN. It incorporates MME, S-GW/P-GW.

MME: MME handles control message with eNB via Non-Access Stratum (NAS)
signaling protocol, and performs management of mobility for UE, management of
tracking area list, control plane function such as bearer and session management.

S-GW: S-GW plays role as anchor on user plane between 2G/3G access system and
LTE system. S-GW manages/processes packet transmit layer of downlink/uplink data.

P-GW: P-GW allocates IP address to UE, plays role as anchor for mobility between
LTE system and non-3GPP access systems, manages accounting for different service
levels, and handles management/modification of the throughput rate.
LTE System Manager (LSM)
LSM provides the following functions.

LTE System Manager-Radio (LSM-R)
The LSM-R provides an operator interface which the operator can use for operation
and maintenance of the eNB. It also provides functions for software management,
configuration management, performance management and fault management, and Self
Organizing Network (SON) server.

LTE System Manager-Core (LSM-C)
The LSM-C provides an operator interface which the operator can use for operation
and maintenance of the MME, S-GW and P-GW.
Home Subscriber Server (HSS)
The HSS is a database management system that stores and manages the parameters and
location information for all registered mobile subscribers. The HSS manages key data, such
as the mobile subscriber’s access capability, basic and supplementary services, and
provides a routing function to the called subscriber.
Master SON Server (MSS)
MSS is a higher node of local SON server. MSS interworks with local SON server to
optimize the interworking in regards to Multi-LSM. MSS is a function that is interworking
with the operator Operations Support System (OSS), and the availability of this optional
function will be decided after discussion with operator.
Policy Charging & Rule Function (PCRF)
The PCRF server creates policy rules to dynamically apply the QoS and accounting
policies differentiated by service flow, or creates the policy rules that can be applied
commonly to multiple service flows. The IP edge includes the Policy and Charging
Enforcement Function (PCEF), which allows application of policy rules received from the
PCRF server to each service flow.
1-8
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
Online Charging System (OCS)
If subscribers (with online accounting information) makes call, subscriber’s accounting
information is sent/received.
Offline Charging System (OFCS)
OFCS stores the offline accounting data, and provides accounting data per each subscriber.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System
1.3 Samsung Multi-Modal System Feature
1.3.1 CDMA System Feature
Following Figure shows CDMA system (BSC, BTS) based on 1X/1xEV-DO.
BSC
1xEV-DO
AN-AAA Client
SC/MM
1X Voice
Voice Handler
Paging Controller
A11 Handler
SUA Handler
IP Packet Forwarding
A10 Handler
Packet Classification
RLP Handler
ARQ
Abis
BTS
L3
HARQ
IP Packet Forwarding
MAC
Packet Classification
PHY
Figure 1.4 CDMA System Functional Structure
BSC works with voice core equipments (MGW, WSS) to process signaling and bearer for
voice service.
1-10

SUA (SCCP User Adaptation) Handler: Responsible for Alp signaling with WSS

Voice Handler: Voice Handler sends the voice bearer traffic to MGW. In addition, it
works with PDSN for 1X data and 1xEV-DO data service.

A10 Handler: A10 Handler manages the bearer traffic of 1X data and 1xEV-DO data
service.

A11 Handler: A11 Handler manages signaling of data service.

RLP Handler: RLP Handler manages the ARQ functionality for data communication.

AN-AAA client: AN-AAA client interworks with AN-AAA for authentication of 1x
EV-DO terminal.

Session Control/Mobility Management (SC/MM): SC/MM provides session control
and mobility management for 1xEV-DO.

Paging Controller: Paging Controller controls the paging for incoming call.

IP Packet forwarding and Packet Classification: IP Packet forwarding and Packet
Classification function on BSC and BTS together provides the packet prioritization
and classification for implementing the QoS on Abis and air interface.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
BTS is responsible for radio resource control and air interface communication with MS.
Through Common Air Interface (CAI), it provides features such as high speed data service,
multimedia service, handoff procedures and QoS in accordance with standards defined in
3GPP2 C.S0024-0_v4.0 and 3GPP2 C.S0024-A_v3.0.
1.3.2 LTE System Feature
The eNB manages UEs which are in connected mode at the Access Stratum (AS) level.
The MME manages UEs which are in idle mode at the Non-Access Stratum (NAS) level,
and the P-GW manages user data at the NAS level as well as working with other networks.
The functional architecture of E-UTRAN eNB, MME, S-GW, and P-GW according to the
3GPP standard is shown below. The eNB is structured in layers while the EPC is not.
eNB
Inter Cell RRM
RB Control
Connection Mobility Control
Radio Admission Control
MME
eNB Measurement
Configuration & Provision
NAS Security
Dynamic Resource
Allocation (Scheduler)
Idle State Mobility
Handling
EPS Bearer Control
RRC
PDCP
S-GW
RLC
MAC
P-GW
S1
UE IP address allocation
Mobility Anchoring
PHY
E-UTRAN
Packet Filtering
EPC
Internet
Figure 1.5 Functions of E-UTRAN and EPC
eNB
The eNB serves the Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN), a wireless access network in the LTE
system. The eNBs are connected via the X2 interface whereas the eNB and EPC are
connected via S1 interface.
The eNB’s wireless protocol layers are divided into Layer 2 and Layer 3.
Layer 2 is subdivided into the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, Radio Link Control
(RLC) layer, and PDCP layer, each operating independently. Layer 3 has the RRC layer.
The MAC sublayer distributes wireless resources to each bearer according to its priority,
and carries out the multiplexing function and the HARQ function for the data received
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CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System
from the multiple upper logical channels.
The RLC layer performs the following functions.

Segmentation and reassembly on the data received from the PDCP sublayer into the
size specified by the MAC sublayer

Restoration of the transmission by resending in case of transmission failure at lowerlevel layers (ARQ)

Re-ordering of the HARQ operation of the MAC sublayer
The PDCP layer carries out the following functions.

Header compression and decompression

Ciphering and deciphering of the user plane and control plane data

Integrity protection and verification of the control plane data

Data transmission of data, including serial numbers

Removing timer-based and duplicate data
The RRC layer is responsible for managing mobility in the wireless access network,
keeping and controlling the Radio Bearer (RB), managing RRC connections, and sending
system information.
Mobility Management Entity (MME)
The MME works with the E-UTRAN (eNB), handling S1 Application Protocol (S1-AP)
signaling messages in the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) base to control
call connections between the MME and eNB as well as handling NAS signaling messages
in the SCTP base to control mobility and call connections between the UE and EPC.
The MME also works with the HSS to obtain, modify and authenticate subscriber
information, and works with the S-GW to request assignment, release and modification of
bearer paths for data routing and forwarding using the GTP-C protocol.
The MME can work with the 2G and 3G systems, SGSN, and MSC to provide mobility,
Handover (HO), Circuit Service (CS) fallback, and Short Message Service (SMS).
The MME is also responsible for managing mobility between eNBs, idle-mode UE
reachability, Tracking Area (TA) list as well as for P-GW/S-GW selection, authentication,
and bearer management.
MME supports the handover between MMEs and provides the mobility for the handover
between the eNBs.
It also supports the SGSN selection function upon handover to a 2G or 3G 3GPP network.
Serving Gateway (S-GW)
The S-GW performs the mobility anchor function upon inter-eNB handover and inter-3GPP
handover as well as routing and forwarding of packet data. The S-GW allows the operator
to set a different charging policy by UE, PDN or QCI, and manages the packet transport
layer for uplink/downlink data. The S-GW also works with the MME, P-GW, and SGSN to
support the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) and Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP).
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PDN Gateway (P-GW)
The P-GW works with PCRF to carry out charging and bearer policies, and manage the
charging and transmission rate based on the service level. It also provides packet filtering
per subscriber, assigns IP addresses to UEs, and manages the packet transmission layer of
the downlink data.
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CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract
2.1 Smart MBS System Introduction
Smart MBS is the Samsung Multi-Modal system. It is managed by packet core (BSC, EPC),
and makes call to terminal to create CDMA/LTE links. It is controlled by the BSC(CDMA),
DPC(LTE)for connecting CDMA/LTE calls to the mobile terminal.
To this end, the Smart MBS provides the following functions:
modulation/demodulation of packet traffic signal, scheduling and radio bandwidth
allocation to manage air resources efficiently and ensure Quality of Service (QoS),
Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) processing, ranging function, connection control function
to transmit the information on the Smart MBS and set/hold/disconnect the packet call
connection, handover control, control station such as BSC/EPC interface function, power
control function and system operation management function.
The Smart MBS securely and rapidly transmits various control signals and traffic signals
by interfacing with the BSC/EPC via the Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet backhaul.
Physically, the Smart MBS consists of an Universal platform type A Digital Unit (UADU),
which is a DU, and Local Radio Unit (LRU), which is a combined RF unit. UADU and
LRU are mounted on the outdoor cabinet with rectifier.
UADU is a digital part, which is a type of 19 in. shelf. It can be mounted onto outdoor 19
inch commercial rack, and one UADU can provide the following maximum capacity.
Based on operator’s setup, it can be operated as omni type or sector type.

CDMA 1X/EV-DO
 1X : 2 Carrier/3 Sector(2br)
 1xEV-DO : 2 Carrier/3 Sector(2br)

LTE: 5 MHz 1 Carrier/6 Sector
LRU cab be operated as follows as RF part.

Advanced Wireless Services (AWS) band, 2Tx/2Rx RF path
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CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract
Smart MBS also provided the following features:
Common Platform
Digital boards of each wireless technology, to be mounted in Smart MBS, share the
common DU platform. Therefore, different boards (for multiple technologies) may be
mounted in a single DU, and operator can mount up to 2 UADUs in outdoor cabinet to
implement various configurations.
LRU of Smart MBS can simultaneously support multiple technologies in the same
duplexing type with the same bandwidth.
Loopback Test
Smart MBS provides the loopback test function to check whether communication is normal
on the baseband I/Q interface line between the UADU and LRU.
Remote Firmware Downloading
The operator can upgrade the LRU and its service by replacing its firmware. Without
visiting the field station, the operator can download firmware to the LRU remotely using a
simple command from the BSM/LSM-R. In this way, operators can minimize the number
of visits to the field station, reducing maintenance costs and allowing the system to be
operated with greater ease.
Monitoring Port
Operators can monitor the information for an LRU using its debug port.
Smooth Migration
The UADU of the Smart MBS supports migration from CDMA to 4G mobile
communication such as LTE by adding traffic processor card/channel cards and upgrading
the software.
The LRU of the Smart MBS, on the other hand, only requires software upgrade for
evolving into 4G mobile communication in the same frequency range or even simultaneous
operation of 3G and 4G mobile communications.
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2.1.1 CDMA System Feature
Support for 1X Advanced
Smart MBS supports 1X Advanced to improve voice call capacity and data rate. For this,
1X Advanced applies EVRC-B, RLIC, QOF, New RC, QLIC, MRD, etc.
Tx/RX Diversity Support
LRU of Smart MBS supports Time Division Transmit Diversity (TDTD) that transmit the
output of CDMA modem(1Tx) to RF path of 2Tx to improve Tx performance on option.
Also, the LRU support 2brach Rx diversity to improve Rx performance that provides 2 Rx
path for each sector.
2.1.2 LTE System Feature
OFDMA/SC-FDMA Technology
Smart MBS can handle downlink OFDMA/uplink SC-FDMA channel processing that
supports the Physical Layer of LTE standard.
Downlink OFDMA can use sub-carrier, which are assigned to each subscriber, to
simultaneously send data to multiple users. Also, in accordance with the requested data
transfer rate, it can assign single (or multiple) sub-carrier to particular subscriber for data
transmission. Also, when entire sub-carriers are shared by multiple subscribers, OFDMA
can dynamically determine well-matched sub-carrier for each subscriber, so that resource
can be assigned efficiently to enhance data throughput.
Uplink SC-FDMA is basically similar to Mod/Demodulation algorithm of OFDMA.
However, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) process is handled per each subscriber during
Tx Modulation, then on contrary, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) process is
handled during Demodulation to minimize potential Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR)
that can occur during the transmission. Also it is responsible for assigning the particular
frequency resource to particular subscriber continuously. As a result, it will reduce the
power that is dissipated by terminal.
Support for Broadband Channel Bandwidth
Smart MBS provides multiple bandwidth of 5 MHz, 10 MHz and high speed/high capacity
packet service.
Support for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
Smart MBS uses multi antenna to support 2Tx/2Rx MIMO. MIMO has following
algorithms.

Space Frequency Block Coding (SFBC)-Downlink
 Increases Link Reliability
 This technology implements Space Time Block Coding (STBC) on frequency
domain rather than time domain.
 2 Tx Case: STBC (Alamouti codes) algorithm is used.
 4 Tx Case: SFBC and Frequency Switched Transmit Diversity (FSTD) are used
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CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract
together.

Spatial Multiplexing (SM)-Downlink
This algorithm sends different data to different antenna path to increase peak data rate.
(each path uses same time/frequency resource)
 Single User (SU)-MIMO: This is the SM between base station and single mobile
terminal. It increases the peak data rate of a single mobile terminal.
 Open-loop SM: If channel changes often, or channel information is not available
because mobile terminal travels in high speed, this is the SM algorithm that works
without Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI) feedback.
 Closed-loop SM: If channel information is available because UE travels in low
speed, this is the SM algorithm (codebook-based precoding) that works after
receiving UE’s PMI feedback from base station.

UL Transmit Antenna Selection-Uplink
This is the algorithm that indicates terminal to use 1 RF chain, 2 Tx antenna, and
which antenna to use. (Closed-loop selection of Tx antenna)

Multi-User (MU) MIMO or Collaborative MIMO-Uplink
 There is no increase in peak data rate of each mobile terminal, but this algorithm
increases the total cell throughput.
 2 mobile terminals transfers different data simultaneously using the same
time/frequency resource for UL
 Smart MBS uses single Tx antenna, and selects two orthogonal terminals.
QoS Support
Smart MBS provides QoS for the EPS bearer/E-RAB based on the standard QCI and
operator-specific QCI of the 3GPP TS. 23.203 specifications. Detailed techniques to
provide QoS are:
2-4

QoS-based radio scheduling
 The scheduler allocates resources to provide the GBR based on QoS characteristics
(resource type, priority, PDB and PLER).
 The scheduler supports the Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR) for non-GBR
bearers.

Backhaul QoS
 QoS mapping between the QoS class and DSCP
 IP DSCP and Ethernet COS markings are used to satisfy the carrier’s backhaul
requirements.
 Transmission is controlled according to the priority by QoS classes, such as
signaling, user traffic and O & M traffic.

QoS-based CAC
The CAC algorithm accepts calls only when the requested bit rate and QoS can be satisfied.
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SON
SON provides functions such as self-configuration, self-establishment and self-optimization.
Self-Configuration & Self-establishment
Self-configuration and the self-establishment allow system to configure radio parameters
automatically, and to be powered up and have backbone connectivity without human
interventions. This will reduce the cost of eNB installation and management. The detailed
functions are as follows:

Self-configuration
 Initial Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) self-configuration
 Initial neighbor information self-configuration
 Initial Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) information self-configuration

Self-establishment
 Auto OAM connectivity
 Software and configuration data loading
 Automatic S1/X2 setup
 Self-Test
Self-Optimization

PCI auto-configuration
The local SON server of the LSM provides the function for allocating the initial PCI in
the self-establishment procedure of a new system, and the function for detecting a
problem automatically and setting a proper PCI when a PCI collision/confusion occurs
during operation with the adjacent cells.

Automatic Neighbor Relation (ANR) optimization
The ANR function dynamically manages the Neighbor Relation Table (NRT)
according to neighbor cells growing/degrowing reduced so as to minimize the network
operator’s efforts to maintain the optimal NRT. To maintain the optimal NRT, SON
server is required to self-configure initial NRT of each system and to detect
environmental changes during operation, such as cell growing/degrowing or new
system installation.
In other words, the ANR function updates the NRT for each eNB by automatically
recognizing the topology change such as installing or removing a new adjacent cell or
adjacent system and by adding or removing the Neighbor Relation (NR) to or from a
new adjacent cell.

Mobility robustness optimization
Based on the moment before, after, or during handover caused by mobile terminal
mobility within the system, the mobility robustness optimization function is to
improve handover performance by recognizing problems that trigger handover at the
incorrect time (e.g., too early or too late) or to the incorrect target cell and by
optimizing the handover parameters according to the causes of the problems.

RACH optimization
The RACH Optimization (RO) function can minimize the network operator’s efforts to
minimize access delay and interference by managing dynamically the parameters
related to random access. The RO function is divided into the initial RACH setting
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CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract
operation and the operation for optimizing parameters related to the RACH.
 The initial RACH setting is to set the preamble signatures and the initial time
resource considering the neighbor cells.
 The parameter optimization related to the RACH is to optimize the related
parameters by estimating the RACH resources, such as time resource and
subscriber transmission power required for random access that changes by time
during operation.

Load balancing
The Load balancing feature in a multi-carrier environment selects and hands over
mobile terminal from a high-loaded carrier and to a low-loaded carrier. If all carriers in
the same sector are highly loaded, it selects a low-loaded neighbor cell and the mobile
terminal in the cell edge to perform handover. The mobile terminal selection algorithm
tries to minimize the QoS degradation.
Idle UE distribution function among carriers ensures that mobile terminals are camped
in a way that they are distributed to low-loaded carriers, considering the active UE
load distribution among the carriers in the same sector.
Availability of System Features and Functions
For availability and provision schedule of the features and functions described in
this system description, please refer to separate documentations.
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
2.2 Smart MBS Main Feature
Smart MBS is a base station that supports CDMA/LTE technology which provides physical
layer, and call processing feature. Regardless of the operated technology, IP processing
feature and operation/maintenance feature are integrated.
2.2.1 Physical Layer Processing Function
2.2.1.1 CDMA Physical Layer Processing Function
1X & 1xEV-DO
Smart MBS can be operated in 1X (voice service) mode or 1xEV-DO(data service) mode
by carrier for CDMA service.
Specification
1X
1xEV-DO
Peak data rate
153.6 kbps
3.1 Mbps
Frame Duration
20 ms
26.67 ms(DO.0)/6.67 ms(DO.A)
Traffic Channel
Fundamental/Supplemental
Forward and Reverse Traffic
Channels
BS Tx power
Forward and Reverse Power Control
Forward Full Power/Reverse
Power Control
Pilot channel
Continuous pilot
Burst pilot
Channel encoding
Convolution & turbo code
Turbo code
Modulation
BPSK(Binary Phase Shift Keying),
BPSK~16 QAM(Quadrature
QPSK(Quadrature Phase Shift
Amplitude Modulation)
Keying)
Channel Encoding/Decoding
Smart MBS carries out the encoding for the downlink packet created in the upper layer by
using convolutional code and Turbo code. On the contrary, it decodes the uplink packet
received from the mobile terminal after demodulating.
Modulation/Demodulation
Smart MBS modulates for the downlink packet created in the upper layer after encoding.
On the contrary, it decodes the uplink packet received from the mobile terminal after
demodulating.
RF Scheduler
Smart MBS perform the RF scheduling function to distribute radio resource of system
efficiently and ensure the quality of system.
Call Admission Control (CAC)/Burst Operation Control (BOC)/overload control function
are performed for 1X, Proportional Fair/Round Robin/QoS schedulers are performed for
1xEV-DO.
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Power Control
For maximizing system capacity, Smart MBS controls the output power of Smart MBS and
mobile terminal to make receiving power of the mobile terminal be the equal level and
have the minimum signal-to-interference ratio.
2.2.1.2 LTE Physical Layer Processing Function
Downlink Reference Signal Generation and Transmission
Reference Signal is used for demodulation of downlink signal at mobile terminal, and also
utilized for measuring the channel characteristic for scheduling, link adaptation, and
handoff.
In case of sending Non-MBSFN (Multimedia Broadcast multicast service over a Single
Frequency Network), there are two reference signals.

Cell-specific reference signal: Cell-specific reference signals are used to measure the
quality of the channel, calculate the MIMO rank, perform MIMO precoding matrix
selection, and measure the strength of the signals for handover.

UE-specific reference signal: UE-specific reference signals are used to measure the quality
of the channel for data demodulation which is located in the PDSCH block of the specific
mobile terminal in the beamforming transmission mode.
Downlink Synchronization Signal Generation and Transmission
Synchronization signal is used by mobile terminal when obtaining the initial
synchronization before communicating with base station. It has two signals, namely
Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). Cell
identity information can be identified by synchronization signal. Mobile terminal can
obtain additional information (other than cell information) via Broadcast Channel.
Synchronization signal and Broadcast channel are transmitted through the exact center of
channel bandwidth of the cell, which is 1.08 MHz band. This is to allow mobile terminal to
identify cell’s basic information such as cell ID regardless of base station’s transmission
bandwidth range.
Channel Encoding/Decoding
Smart MBS executes channel encoding/decoding function which is designed to correct the
error generated on wireless channel environment. LTE uses turbo coding and 1/3 tail-biting
convolutional coding. Turbo coding is generally used to send relatively large data of
downlink/uplink, while convolutional coding is used for control data transmission
(downlink and uplink) or used as broadcast channel.
Modulation/Demodulation
In case of downlink, Smart MBS receive data from upper layer, process it with baseband of
physical layer, and sends it out onto wireless channel. At this time, baseband signal is
modulated to higher bandwidth in order to transmit it to longer distance. Also, in case of
uplink, base station receives the data via wireless channel, demodulate it into baseband
signal, and decodes it.
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
Resource Allocation & Scheduling
With LTE, Smart MBS uses multi link scheme. OFDMA is used for downlink while SCFDMA is used for uplink. Both schemes allocate 2-dimensional (time & frequency)
resources into multiple terminals (without overlapping to each other) that communication
link is allocated to multiple terminals.
In exceptional case of MU-MIMO mode, same resource can be shared among multiple
terminals. Such allocation of resources onto multiple terminal, is referred to as scheduling,
and individual scheduler of each cell can process this.
LTE Scheduler of Smart MBS can analyze channel environment of each terminal,
demanded data transfer rate, and various QoS to optimize the resource allocation to
maximize the cell’s total throughput. Also, in order to reduce the interference with other
cells, it can exchange information with other cell’s scheduler via X2 interface.
Link Adaptation
Wireless channel condition can change either rapidly or slowly, either improve or
deteriorate. When channel’s condition can be expected, it can be used to increase the data
transfer rate, or maximize the entire cell’s throughput. This is called ‘Link Adaption’.
Particularly, MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) can adjust modulation scheme and
channel coding rate at different channel’s conditions. For example, good channel
environment will utilize high-order modulation (such as 64 QAM) to enlarge the number of
transmitted bit per unit symbol, but bad channel environment will utilize low-order
modulation and low coding rate to minimize the channel error.
In channel environment where MIMO is supported, MIMO Mode is utilized to either
increase the user’s peak data rate or cell throughput. In cases when channel condition is
incorrectly reported, or if higher ordered modulation or coding rate is used, error can occur.
This can be efficiently corrected by Hybrid-ARQ feature.
H-ARQ
H-ARQ is a physical layer retransmission scheme which utilizes stop-and-wait protocol.
Smart MBS executes H-ARQ to minimize the potential impact due to change in either
wireless channel environment or noise signal level. It improves throughput by
retransmitting or combining the frame in physical layer.
LTE uses H-ARQ technique based on Incremental Redundancy (IR), and considers Chase
Combining (CC) scheme as one specific method of IR. In case of Downlink, Smart MBS
uses asynchronous scheme, but uplink uses synchronous scheme.
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CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract
Power Control
When transmitting a specific data rate, too high a power level may result in unnecessary
interferences and too low a power level may result in an increased error rate, causing
retransmission or delay. Unlike other methods such as CDMA, power control is relatively
less important in LTE. Nevertheless, adequate power control can enhance performance of
the LTE system.
For LTE uplink, since SC-FDMA is used, the near-far problems which occur in the CDMA
do not occur. Nevertheless, high levels of interferences from nearby cells can degrade the
uplink performance. Therefore, the mobile terminals should use adequate power levels for
data transmission in order not to interfere with nearby cells. Likewise, the power level for
each mobile terminal could be controlled for reducing the inter-cell interference level.
For downlink in LTE, the Smart MBS can reduce inter-cell interference by transmitting
data at adequate power levels according to the location of the mobile terminal and the MCS,
enhancing overall cell throughput.
Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC)
Since mobile terminals within a cell in LTE use orthogonal resources with no interference
between the mobile terminals, there is no intra-cell interference. However, if different
mobile terminals in neighboring cells use the same resource, interference may occur. This
happens more seriously between the mobile terminals located on the cell edge, resulting in
serious degradation at cell edge.
The technique used to relieve such inter-cell interference problem on the cell edge is InterCell Interference Coordination (ICIC). ICIC allows interference signals to be transmitted to
other cells in the cell edge area in as small an amount as possible by allocating a basically
different resource to each mobile terminal that belongs to a different cell and by carrying
out power control according to the mobile terminal’s location in the cell.
Smart MBS uses the X2 interface for exchanging scheduling information with one another
for preventing interferences by resource conflicts at cell edges. If the interference of a
nearby cell is too strong, the system informs the other system to control the strength of the
interference system. Therefore, the ICIC function is used for enhancing the overall cell
performance.
MIMO
Smart MBS has an architecture that can support 2Tx/2Rx or 4Tx/4Rx MIMO using
multiple antennas. For this, the channel card of Smart MBS should have the baseband to
process MIMO and the RF to handle each path separately.
Smart MBS provides high performance data service by supporting several types of MIMO.
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2.2.2 Call Processing Function
2.2.2.1 CDMA Call Processing Function
Call Process and RF Resource Allocation Feature
Smart MBS allows mobile terminal to connect to, or disconnect from the network for voice
and data calls. When mobile terminal is request connected or disconnected from the
network or call resource, Smart MBS communicates with mobile terminal using 3GPP2
1X/1xEV-DO interface and communicates with BSC using Samsung proprietary standard
interface, to exchange signaling messages required for call processing.
Execution of Handoff
Smart MBS carries out the signaling and bearer processing for softer handoff between
sectors, soft/hard handoff between base station.
CAC Feature
In order to maintain efficient use of radio resources and high performance service, Smart
MBS provides CAC feature to accept/deny the demand of mobile terminal for a radio
resource allocation.
2.2.2.2 LTE Call Processing Function
Cell Information Transmission
In the cell area being served, the Smart MBS periodically broadcasts a Master Information
Block (MIB) and the System Information Blocks (SIBs), which are system information, to
allow the mobile terminal that receives them to perform proper call processing.
Call Control and Air Resource Assignment
Smart MBS allows the mobile terminal to be connected to or to be released from the
network.
When the mobile terminal is connected to or released from the network, the Smart MBS
sends and receives the signaling messages required for call processing to and from the
mobile terminal via the Uu interface, and to and from the EPC via the S1 interface.
When the mobile terminal connects to the network, the Smart MBS carries out call control
and resource allocation required for service. When the mobile terminal is released from the
network, it collects and releases the allocated resources.
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Execution of Handover
Smart MBS supports intra-frequency or inter-frequency handover between intra-eNB cells,
X2 handover between eNBs, and S1 handover between eNBs, and carries out the signaling
and bearer processing functions required for handover. At intra-eNB handover, handoverrelated messages are transmitted via internal eNB interfaces; at X2 handover, via the X2
interface; at S1 handover, via the S1 interface.
Smart MBS carries out the data retransmission function to minimize user traffic
disconnections at X2 and S1 handovers. The source eNB provides two methods of using
the X2 interface for direct retransmission to the target eNB and using the S1 interface for
indirect retransmission. Smart MBS uses the data forwarding function to ensure that the UE
receives the traffic without any loss at handover.
Admission Control (AC) Function
Smart MBS provides capacity-based admission control and QoS-based admission control
for a bearer setup request from the EPC so that the system is not overloaded.

Capacity-based AC
There is a threshold for the maximum number of connected mobile terminals (new
calls/handover calls) and a threshold for the maximum number of connected bearers
that can be allowed in the Smart MBS. When a call setup is requested, the permission
is determined depending on whether the connected mobile terminals and bearers
exceed the thresholds.

QoS-based AC
Smart MBS provides the function for determining whether to permit a call depending
on the estimated Physical Resource Block (PRB) usage of the newly requested bearer,
the PRB usage status of the bearers in service, and the maximum acceptance limit of
the PRB (per bearer type, QCI, and UL/DL).
RLC ARQ Function
Smart MBS carries out the ARQ function for the RLC Acknowledged Mode (AM) only.
When receiving and sending packet data, the RLC transmits the SDU by dividing it into
units of RLC PDU in the sending end and the packet is forwarded according to the ARQ
feedback information received from the receiving side for increased reliability of the data
communication.
QoS Support Function
Smart MBS should receive QCI (QoS Class Identifier) which defines QoS characteristics,
GBR, Maximum Bit Rate (MBR), Aggregated Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR) from EPC.
Also, it should provide QoS between wireless interface between mobile terminal and Smart
MBS, and on the backhaul between Smart MBS and S-GW.
Wireless interface should perform retransmission in order to satisfy rate control based on
GBR/MBR/AMBR values, bearer priority defined in QCI, and scheduling considered
packet delay budget, and Packet Loss Error Rate (PLER).
For QoS in Backhaul, packet classification based on QCI, QCI to DSCP mapping, and
marking should be executed. Queuing should be provided in accordance with the result of
the mapping, and each Queues should send the packets to EPC per strict priority.
In case of EMS, other than the previously defined QCI, configuration for operator specific
QCI and QCI-to-DSCP mapping can be configured.
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2.2.3 IP Processing Function
IP QoS Feature
Since Smart MBS supports Differentiated Services (DiffServ), it can provide the backhaul
QoS in the communication with ACR.
It supports 8-class DiffServ and supports the mapping between the DiffServ service class
and the service class of the user traffic received from an MS. In addition, Smart MBS
supports the mapping between Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) and 802.3
Ethernet MAC service class.
IP Routing Function
Since Smart MBS provides multiple Ethernet interfaces, it maintains a routing table to
route IP packets to different Ethernet interfaces. Smart MBSs. routing table is configured
by the operator similar to a standard router configuration.
Smart MBS only supports static source routing, and does not provide routing feature for
traffic received from external network and does not support any IP routing protocols.
Ethernet/VLAN Interface Feature
The TD-LTE Flexible system provides the Ethernet interface and supports the static link
grouping function, Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) function and Ethernet CoS
function under IEEE 802.3ad for the Ethernet interface. At this time, the MAC bridge
function defined in IEEE 802.1D is excluded.
The TD-LTE Flexible system enables several VLAN IDs to be set in one Ethernet interface
and maps the DSCP value of IP header with the CoS value of Ethernet header in Tx packet
to support Ethernet CoS.
2.2.4 Operation and Maintenance Function
Smart MBS interworking with the management system carries out the following
maintenance functions: system initialization and restart, management for system
configuration, management for the operation parameters, failure and status management for
system resources and services, statistics management for system resources and various
performance data, diagnosis management for system resources and services and security
management for system access and operation.
Graphic and Text based Interface
BSM/LSM-R manages the each CDMA access system and LTE system by using Database
Management System (DBMS) and Smart MBS interworks with this BSM/LSM-R.
For operator’s convenience and working purpose, graphic-based and text-based interface is
provided. The operator can carry out the retrieval and setup of the configuration and the
operation information and monitoring about faults, status and statistics via this interface.
Also, the operator can carry out grow/degrow of resources and setting of the neighbor list
and paging group which have correlation between several NEs only via the BSM/LSM-R.
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CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract
Operator Authentication Function
Smart MBS provides an authentication and restricted management feature for the operator.
The operator can access the Smart MBS via a console terminal with ID and Password, and
Smart MBS acknowledges the security level of the corresponding user. Smart MBS then
logs the history of login success, failure.
On-line Software Upgrade
When a software package is upgraded, the Smart MBS can upgrade the package while
running old version of software package. The package upgrade is progressed in the
following procedure: ‘Add New Package → Change to New package → Delete Old
Package’.
In package upgrade, the service is stopped temporarily because the old process is
terminated and the new process is started in the ‘Change to New package’ stage. However,
since OS is not restarted, the service will be provided again within a few minutes.
After upgrading software, the TD-LTE Flexible system updates the package stored in a
non-volatile storage. In addition, the TD-LTE Flexible system can re-perform the ‘Change
to New package’ stage to roll back into the previous package before upgrade.
Call Trace Function
Smart MBS can support a call trace feature for specific mobile terminal.
The operator can configure a trace for a specific mobile terminal via BSC/MME. Trace
results (such as a signaling message) are then are sent to the BSM/LSM-R.
Threshold Cross Alert (TCA) Control
BSM/LSM-R defines under/over threshold for statistics. When a statistical value collected
at a specified interval is lower than the under threshold, it generates an under TCA alarm.
When the value is higher than the over threshold, it generates an over TCA alarm. TCA can
enable or disable details of each statistical group and set a threshold per severity.
IEEE 802.3ah
Smart MBS provides IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet OAM for a backhaul interface. Although
IEEE 802.3ah OAM pertains the PHY layer, it is located in the MAC layer so that it can be
applied to all IEEE 802.3 PHYs. It creates or processes 802.3ah OAM frames according to
the functions defined in the specification.
Ethernet OAM continuously monitors the connection between links at each end, and also
monitors discovery. It also includes remote loopback function, a link monitoring function
which delivers event notification in the event of error packets over the threshold.
Smart MBS supports 802.3ah Ethernet OAM passive mode such as responding to 802.3ah
OAM which is triggered in external active mode entities and loopback mode operation, and
sending event notification.
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
OAM Traffic Throttling
Smart MBS provides a function that suppresses OAM related traffic which can occur in the
system depending on the operator command. The OAM related traffic includes fault trap
messages for alarm reports and statistics files that are created periodically.
In a fault trap, the operator can use an alarm inhibition command to suppress alarm
generation for all or some of system fault traps. This helps control alarm traffic. In a
statistics file, the operator can use commands for statistics collection configuration to
control the size of statistics file by disabling collection functions of each statistics group.
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CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract
2.3 Specifications
Capacity
Smart MBS can provide the following capacity.
Classification
System Capacity
Channel Bandwidth
- CDMA: 1.25 MHz
- LTE: 5 MHz
RF Bandwidth
CDMA/LTE
- Downlink: 2,130~2,140 MHz @ AWS Band
- Uplink: 1,730~1,740 MHz @ AWS Band
Number of maximum
- CDMA
 1X: 2 Carrier/3 Sector(2br)
Carrier/Sector Per
each UADU
 1x EV-DO: 2 Carrier/3 Sector(2br)
- LTE: 5 MHz 1 Carrier/6 Sector
Number of UADU per
Max. 2
cabinet
Backhaul Interface
- 100/1000 Base-T
- 1000 Base-SX/LX
Air Technology
- CDMA: 1Tx/2Rx or 2Tx/2Rx(TDTD)
- LTE: SIMO(1 × 2) or MIMO(2 × 2)
Output
Antenna port-based at the external of cabinet
- CDMA: 24 W/Carrier
- LTE: (12 W × 2Tx)/Carrier @ 5 MHz channel BW
or
- CDMA:(12 + 12 W)/Carrier
- LTE: (24 W × 2Tx)/Carrier @ 5 MHz channel BW
Optional
High Power Mode (3 dB Power boosting)
RF Output
Output of LTE can change depending on channel bandwidth.
Power Input
Following is the power specification for Smart MBS.
Classification
Standard
a)
Board and Module Input Voltage
2-16
27 VDC (Voltage Variation Range: 21~30 VDC)
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
Power Input
Each of the UADU and LRU receives 27 VDC of power from the rectifier in the cabinet for its
operation.
Rack Dimension and Weight
Following is dimension and weight of the Smart MBS.
Classification
Size(W × D × H, mm)
Standard
DU
434 × 385 × 88
LRU
- L9VU: 70 × 380 × 435
- L9FU: 70 × 380 × 176.3
Weight(kg)
Outdoor Cabinet
750 × 940 × 1800
DU
About 12
LRU
- L9VU: 13
- L9FU: 8
Outdoor Cabinet
390 or less(including UADU and LRU)
Environmental Requirements
Following indicates temperature, humidity, and other environmental requirements where
Smart MBS can be operated on.
Classification
Range
Standard
Temperaturea)
0~50°C (32~122°F)
GR-487-CORE Sec.3.26
Humiditya)
5~95%
GR-487-CORE
Assuming 1 kg of air contains water vapor
Sec.3.34.2
NOT exceeding 0.024 kg.
Altitude
-60~1,800 m(-197~6,000 ft)
GR-63-CORE Sec.4.1.3
Quake
Zone 4
GR-63-CORE Sec.4.4.1
Vibration
Commercial Transportation Curve 2
GR-63-CORE Sec.4.4.4
Sound Pressure Level
Max. 65 dBA at distance of 1.5 m (5 ft) and
FCC Title47 Part15
height of 1.0 m (3 ft)
IEC 61000-4-X Series
FCC Title47 Part15 Class A
UL 60950-1
FCC Title47 Part90
FCC Title47 Part27
Electromagnetic
Compatibility (EMC)
US Federal Regulation
a)
The standards of temperature/humidity conditions are based on the value on the position where is 400 mm
(15.8 in.) away from the front of the system and in the height of 1.5 m (59 in.) on the bottom.
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CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract
2.4 Interface between Systems
2.4.1 CDMA Interface Structure
The CDMA system interfaces with other NEs as follows:
Interface Section
Smart
Interface Standards
Mobile Station (MS)
MBS
- Physical connection: CDMA CAI
- Connection Protocol: IS-95, IS-2000, IS-856
BSC
- Physical connection: FE/GE
- Connection Protocol: IPC(Inter Processor Communication),
Proprietary of Samsung
BSM
- Physical connection: FE/GE
- Connection Protocol: sFTP/SSH/IPC
Protocol Stack between BTS and MS
The protocol stack between BTS and MS is as follows:
APP(Data)
TCP/UDP
PPP
RLP
APP(voice)
MAC
MAC
PHY
PHY
MS
BTS
Figure 2.1 Protocol Stack between BTS and MS
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
Protocol Stack between BTS and BSC
The protocol stack between BTS and BSC is as follows:
Proprietary IPC
Proprietary IPC
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L1
L1
BTS
BSC
Figure 2.2 Protocol Stack between BTS and BSC
Protocol Stack between BTS and BSM
The protocol stack between BTS and BSM is as follows:
sFTP
Proprietary
IPC
sFTP
Proprietary
IPC
TCP
UDP
TCP
UDP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L1
L1
BTS
BSM
Figure 2.3 Protocol Stack between BTS and BSM
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CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract
2.4.2 LTE Interface Structure
The LTE system interfaces with other NEs as follows:
Iu-PS
UTRAN
S4
SGSN
Gb
GERAN
S1-MME
PCRF
Gxc
S6a
MME
S10
LTE-Uu
UE
HSS
S3
Rx
Gx
S11
S1-U
S5
Smart MBS
S-GW
SGi
P-GW
EPC
X2
SNMP/
FTP
LTE-Uu
UE
Operator’s
IP Service
Smart MBS
LSM-R
Figure 2.4 LTE Interface Structure
Interface Section
Interface Standards
Smart
User Equipment
- Physical connection: LTE PHY OFDMA
MBS
(UE)
- Connection protocol: LTE Uu Interface
MME
- Physical connection: FE/GE
- Signaling connection protocol: S1-MME(S1AP/SCTP/IP)
S-GW
- Physical connection: FE/GE
- Bearer connection protocol: S1-U(GTP/UDP/IP)
eNB
- Physical connection: FE/GE
- Signaling connection protocol: X2-C(X2AP/SCTP/IP)
- Bearer connection protocol: X2-U(GTP/UDP/IP)
LSM-R
- Physical connection: FE/GE
- Connection protocol: SNMP/sFTP/SSH
The LTE process consists of different protocol layers. Data to be transmitted enter the
process as IP packets over the bearer. The IP packets go through several protocol entities
explained below to be transmitted via the wireless interface.
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
PDCP: The PDCP protocol compresses the IP header to decrease the number of bits
transmitted over the wireless interface. The header compression is based on the
standardized algorithm, Robust Header Compression (ROHC). The PDCP is also
responsible for the ciphering and integrity protection of the data to be transmitted.
The PDCP protocol on the receiving end carries out the process of deciphering and
decompression.

RLC: The RLC protocol performs segmentation/concatenation, retransmission control
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
and sequential transmission of data to higher layers. The RLC provides services for the
PDCP as a radio bearer.

MAC: The MAC protocol handles HARQ retransmission and uplink/downlink
scheduling. The scheduling function is in the eNB which has a MAC entity per cell for
the uplink and downlink. The HARQ protocol part exists on both the transmitting and
receiving ends of the MAC protocol. The MAC provides services for the RLC as a
logical channel.

PHY: The PHY protocol is responsible for coding/decoding, modulation/demodulation,
multi-antenna mapping and other common functions of the physical layer.
The PHY layer provides services for the MAC as a transport channel.
The protocol stack between NEs (Network Elements) in the Smart MBS is as follows:
Protocol Stack between UE and eNB
The user plane protocol stack consists of PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY layers.
The user plane is responsible for transmitting user data (e.g., IP packets) received from the
higher layer. All protocols in the user plane are terminated in the eNB.
The control plane protocol stack consists of NAS, RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY
layers. Located above the wireless protocol, the NAS layer is responsible for UE
authentication between the UE and MME, security control, and paging/mobility
management of UEs in LTE idle mode.
In the control plane, all protocols except the NAS signal are terminated in the eNB.
NAS
NAS
Relay
RRC
S1-AP
RRC
S1-AP
PDCP
PDCP
SCTP
SCTP
RLC
RLC
IP
IP
MAC
MAC
L2
L2
L1
L1
L1
L1
UE
LTE-Uu
eNB
S1-MME
MME
Figure 2.5 Protocol Stack between UE and eNB
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CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract
Protocol Stack between eNB and EPC
A physical connection between the eNB and EPC is established through the FE and GE,
and the interface standards should satisfy the LTE S1-U and S1-MME. The user plane uses
the GTP-User (GTP-U) above the IP, and the control plane uses the SCTP above the IP.
The user plane protocol stacks between the eNB and S-GW are shown below.
User Plane
PDUs
User Plane
PDUs
GTP-U
GTP-U
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L1
L1
eNB
S1-U
S-GW
Figure 2.6 Protocol Stack between eNB and EPC
The control plane protocol stacks between the eNB and MME are shown below.
S1-AP
S1-AP
SCTP
SCTP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L1
L1
eNB
S1-MME
MME
Figure 2.7 Protocol Stack between eNB and MME
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
Protocol Stack between eNBs
A physical connection between the eNBs is established through the FE and GE, and the
interface standards should satisfy the LTE X2 interface. The user plane protocol stacks
between the eNBs are shown below.
User Plane
PDUs
User Plane
PDUs
GTP-U
GTP-U
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L1
L1
eNB
X2
eNB
Figure 2.8 Protocol Stack between eNBs (User Plane)
The control plane protocol stack is shown below.
X2-AP
X2-AP
SCTP
SCTP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L1
L1
eNB
X2
eNB
Figure 2.9 Protocol Stack between eNBs (Control Plane)
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CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract
Protocol Stack between eNB and LSM
A physical connection between the eNB and LSM is established through the FE and GE,
and the interface standards should satisfy the FTP/SNMP interface. The interface protocol
stacks between the eNB and LSM are shown below.
FTP
SNMP
FTP
SNMP
TCP
UDP
TCP
UDP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L1
L1
eNB
FTP/SNMP
LSM
Figure 2.10 Protocol Stack between eNB and LSM
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
2.4.3 Physical Interface Operation Method
Smart MBS provides copper type or optic type interface and can select the type of
interfaces depending on the network configuration. The number of interfaces can be
optionally managed depending on the capacity and the required bandwidth of Smart MBS.
The interface types supported are specified in table below.
Interface Type
CDMA
LTE
Number of port per each board
100/1000 Base-T(RJ-45)
1000 Base-SX/LX(SFP)
100/1000 Base-T(RJ-45)
1000 Base-SX/LX(SFP)
To enable transport of multiple technologies over a single backhaul network connection,
the following features are supported.

Scheme to separate network per Radio Access Network (RAN) technology
Scheme to assign different VLAN ID per each RAN technology, and separate it into
different logical NW.

QoS Feature
Ethernet CoS and DiffServ feature

Minimal Traffic interference between RAN technology
Traffic shaping feature per each RAN technology
For Cell Sites with Smart MBS, in some cases, Cell Site Router (CSR) is mounted within
the auxiliary space within the Smart MBS cabinet. In this case, backhaul interface
aggregation is provided by CSR.
Ethernet interface is static link aggregation based on 802.3ad (static), and multiple links are
operated.
The interface for general user traffic is shared to provide the interface for operation and
maintenance, and is operated as in-band method.
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description
CHAPTER 3. Smart MBS Structure
3.1 Smart MBS Hardware Structure
Smart MBS is designed in a divided architecture that consists of UADU (digital unit) and
LRU (combined RF module). UADU and LRU can be mounted on 19 inch outdoor cabinet.
The configuration of Smart MBS is as follows:
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CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure
Fire sensor
Lamp
ECM/FCM
Lamp switch
Door switch
Membrane filter
L9FU
FANM-G2
LRU
L9VU
PDPU-O2C
Rectifier
Membrane filter
PDPU-OC
PDPU-O2E
UADU #1
UADU #0
FANM-G2
I/O module
Surge Protector
L9FU
LTE eNB Filter Unit
L9VU
LTE eNB transceiver Unit
LRU
Local Radio Unit
PDPU-O2C
Power Distribution Panel Unit-O2C
PDPU-OC
Power Distribution Panel Unit-OC
PDPU-O2E
Power Distribution Panel Unit-O2E
ECM/FCM
Environment Control Module/Fan Control Module
FANM-G2
Fan Module-G2
UADU
Universal Platform Digital Unit
Figure 3.1 Smart MBS Configuration
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
Up to two UADUs can be mounted on the outdoor cabinet, and Smart MBS can be
configured depending on the capacity as follows:
L9VU
L9VU
L9VU
Blank
Blank
Blank
LRU
UADU #1
UADU #0
Blank
L9CA-A2P
CICA-D2
UAMA-A21
CIMA-A2
CDMA: 3 Carrier/3 Sector
LTE: 1 Carrier/3 Sector
L9CA-A2P
LTE eNB Channel card board Assembly-type A2P
CICA-D2
CDMA IP Channel card board Assembly-type D2
UAMA-A21
Universal platform Management board Assembly-type A21
CIMA-A2
CDMA Management board Assembly-type A2
Figure 3.2 CDMA/LTE 3Sector Configuration
CDMA/LTE Multi Mode configuration
CDMA/LTE Multi mode configuration is only supported in the first UADU
position(UADU #0). When CDMA and LTE boards are simultaneously mounted,
CIMA-A2 is mounted at main board location.
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CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure
L9VU
L9VU
L9VU
L9VU
Blank
Blank
LRU
Blank
Blank
CICA-D2
CIMA-A2
L9CA-A2P
CICA-D2
UADU #1
UADU #0
CDMA: 3 Carrier/1 Sector
CDMA: 3 Carrier/3 Sector
UAMA-A21
CIMA-A2
LTE: 1 Carrier/4 Sector
Figure 3.3 CDMA/LTE 4 Sector Configuration
L9VU
L9VU
L9VU
L9VU
L9VU
L9VU
LRU
UADU #1
UADU #0
Blank
Blank
CICA-D2
CIMA-B
L9CA-A2P
CICA-D2
CDMA: 3 Carrier/3 Sector
CDMA: 3 Carrier/3 Sector
LTE: 1 Carrier/6 Sector
UAMA-A21
CIMA-B
Figure 3.4 CDMA/LTE 6 Sector Configuration
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
3.1.1 Internal Configuration of System (CDMA)
Below are the internal configuration diagrams of the Smart MBS for CDMA service.
(0)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
GPS
UADU
Rectifier
Modules
CIMA-A2
FPGA
(CPRI)
Power
(27 VDC)
UCCM
Network
Processor
CPU
Ethernet
Switch
FE/GE
BSC
CICA-D2 #2
CICA-D2 #1
CICA-D2 #0
FPGA
Combiner
Ethernet
Switch
CPU
Modem
Index
Data Traffic + Alarm/Control(Ethernet)
Baseband I/Q and C & M(Optic)
Power
Backhaul
Clock
Alarm/Control
Figure 3.5 Internal Configuration of System (CDMA)
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CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure
User Traffic

Transmit path
When user data is received from the BSC via the public network, it is routed through
the network interface module and sent to the CICA-D2, which is a channel card, via
the Ethernet Switch of the CIMA-A2.
The data which is transmitted to the CICA-D2 is digitally processed, and is converted
to ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M’ format which is configured based on CPRI interface
undergo Electrical to Optic(E/O) conversion. The converted data is transmitted to LRU
via optic cable.
The LRU converts the received optical data into Optic to Electrical (O/E). The
converted baseband signal is then converted to an analog signal, and amplified. The
amplified signal is band pass filtered and transmitted to antenna.

Receive Path
The RF signal is received, filtered and amplified via the LNA in the LRU. The signal
is converted into the baseband signal by RF down-conversion and digital down
conversion. This signal is ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M’ format which is configured
based on the CPRI interface, and is converted into E/O again.
The converted signal is transmitted to CICA-D2 via CIMA-A2 through optic cable. In
CICA-D2, this signal is converted to Ethernet frame after CDMA basebnad signal
processing, and transmitted to CIMA-A2 again. The data is routed through the
network interface module of CIMA-A2 and transmitted to the BSC.
Clock
The UCCM in the CIMA-A2 receives the GPS signal from the external GPS antenna. The
UCCM converts the GPS signal to a synchronization clock signal and distributes it to the
hardware modules in the system.
When CIMA-A2 is configured for LTE, the clock signal is provided to the LTE digital
boards. CIMA-A2 provides 10 MHz, PP2S, and System Frame Number (SFN) to each slot
via the backplane. The boards which are mounted on the UADU use the clock signal to
generate their internal clocks.
Alarm
CDMA alarms are generated on the CIMA-A2. CIMA-A2 collects alarms from the Smart
MBS and reports them to the system. It can also provide a board reset if necessary. The
LRU uses the CPRI optical interface to exchange alarm and control signals with the CIMAA2.
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
3.1.2 Internal Configuration of System (LTE)
Below are the internal configuration diagrams of the Smart MBS for LTE service.
(0)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
GPS
UADU
Rectifier
Modules
L9CA-A2P #2
L9CA-A2P #1
L9CA-A2P #0
FPGA
(CPRI)
Modem
Power
(27 VDC)
UAMA-A21
ECM
Ethernet
Switch
UCCM
FE/GE
Main
Processor
EPC
Analog 10 MHz
1 pps
Index
Data Traffic + Alarm/Control(Ethernet)
Baseband I/Q and C & M(Optic)
Power
Backhaul
Clock
Alarm/Control
Figure 3.6 Internal Configuration of System (LTE)
Rectifier
Rectifier is mounted inside the outdoor cabinet with UADU. Smart MBS interfaces
with rectifier via ECM.
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CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure
User Traffic

Transmit Path
When User Data is received from EPC via public network, it goes through network
interface module, and sent out to L9CA-A2P via ethernet switch. the transmitted data
goes through digital processing of the baseband level, then converted to E/O
(Electrical to Optic) in form of ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M interface’ which is based on
CPRI interface. The converted signal is then sent out to LRU.
LRU converts the received optic signal via O/E (Optic to Electrical) process. The
converted broadband baseband signal is then converted to analog signal, and goes
through amplifier for amplification. The amplified signal is then filtered through the
band pass filter of the operating frequency, and transmitted from antenna.

Receive Path
The RF signal that was transmitted from Antenna is filtered by LRU, and amplified via
LNA. This signal then goes through RF down-conversion and digital down-conversion
to be converted into baseband signal. This signal is in form of ‘Baseband I/Q and C &
M interface’ which is based on CPRI interface, and goes through E/O (Electrical to
Optic) conversion once again. The converted signal is then sent to remote L9CA-A2P
via fiber optic cable. After the data goes through OFDMA signal processing in L9CAA2P, it is converted into Gigabit Ethernet frame, and sent to EPC via network interface
module.
Clock
UCCM of UAMA-A21 receives reference signal from GPS, and generate PP2S, Digital 10
MHz, SFN, and distribute them into L9CA-A2P in the system. L9CA-A2P then receives
PP2s, Digital 10 MHz clock. It should use its own PLL to generate system clock (30.72
MHz), CPRI Reference Clock (122.88 MHz), and 10msec clock to distribute it to LRU.
When UADU interworks with LRU, LRU receives the necessary system clock and sync
clock that are required for CPRI interface, from L9CA-A2P.
If LTE board is mounted UADU identical to CDMA, it is supplied the clock for operation
from CIMA-A2
Alarm
UAMA-A21 collects the alarm from Smart MBS, and reports it to upper layer, and can
provide board reset.
ECM is the module which is mounted on the inside of outdoor cabinet, collects the outdoor
cabinet’s environmental alarm and battery monitoring information, and report to UAMAA21.
LRU uses CPRI interface to exchange alarm and control signal with UAMA-A21.
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
3.1.3 UADU
UADU provides OAM for Smart MBS, interworking with BSC(CDMA)/EPC(LTE)/LRU,
and communication paths between various functional blocks within the system. UADU
receives synchronization signal from GPS, creates signals for system synchronization (such
as reference clock, Even, SFN, and supply synchronization signals to lower hardware
blocks.
UADU interfaces with LRU to exchange data/control traffic and also executes signal
processing for subscriber signal. UADU can receive alarm from external devices (such as
LRU, lower module, rectifier, or battery) and also provide interface/features to control
these external devices.
On the downlink, UADU receives traffic/control signal from the BSC/EPC, converts into
optical signal via ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M’ converter and sends it to the LRU for sending
it over the air to the mobile terminal.
On the uplink, UADU receives the ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M’ signal from the LRU,
demodulates it and sends it to the BSC/EPC.
Main functions of UADU are as follows:

Baseband Signal processing (Modem)

Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet interface with BSC/EPC

Diagnosis, collection, and control of Alarm

Alarm Reporting Feature

Reference clock generation and distribution

Management of Channel Resources

Supporting interfacing with the LRU and loopback test

Providing UDA and UDE function, and interfacing with external devices
L9CA-A2P
FANM
-C4
CICA-D2
UAMA-A21
CIMA-A2
[CDMA + LTE Multi Mode]
Blank
FANM
-C4
Blank
CICA-D2
CIMA-A2
L9CA-A2P
FANM
-C4
CICA-D2
UAMA-A21
CIMA-A2
[CDMA + LTE Multi Mode(Two UADUs)]
Figure 3.7 UADU Configuration
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CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure
Board
Quantity
Name
(Count)
UADB
Function
Universal platform Digital Backboard
- UADU’s backboard
- Handles Signal routing for Traffic, Control, Signal, Clock, and Power.
CIMA-A2
CDMA Management board Assembly-type A2
- System management processor for CDMA
- Resource Assignment, OAM
- Alarm Collection, and report to BSM
- Backhaul Support (GE/FE) for CDMA
- Handles UADU FAN alarm
- Provides external environment alarm interface (EAIU4-U Sync)
- Generate and Distribute GPS clock (Sync In & out)
- Provide Loopback test between UADU and LRU.
UAMA-A21
Universal platform Management board Assembly-type A41
- System management, traffic processor for LTE
- Resource Allocation and OAM
- Alarm Collection and LSM Report
- Backhaul Support (GE/FE) for LTE
- Provides non-volatile memory.
- Handles UADU FAN alarm
- Provide external environmental alarm interface (interfacing with ECM)
- Provide UDE and UDA
- Generate and Distribute GPS clock (Sync In & out)
CICA-D2
Max. 3
CDMA IP Channel card board Assembly-type D2
- CDMA subscriber signal processing
- 1X, 1X Advanced & EVDO Rev.0/A
- Supports simultaneously 1X Adv DL 1,280CE/UL 1,024CE and EV-DO DL
284 CE/UL 284CE per channel card
- Capacity: 4 Carrier/3 Sector(2Br)
L9CA-A2P
Max. 3
LTE eNB Channel card board Assembly-type A2P
- Call Processing, Resource allocation, and OAM for LTE
- OFDMA/SC-FDMA Channel Processing
- CPRI interface with LRU
- Provides Loopback test between UADU and LRU
- Capacity: 5 MHz 1 Carrier/6 Sector
FANM-C4
Fan Module-C4
UADU cooling fan module
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
CIMA-A2
CIMA-A2 executes function as main processor, GPS signal receiver and clock distributor,
and as network interface.

Main processor Function
CDMA main processor of Smart MBS plays role as the highest layer in the card.
It is responsible for communication path configuration between UE and BSC, Ethernet
switching functionality for internal Smart MBS and System OAM. It also manages the
entire hardware and software status within the Smart MBS, allocates/manages
resources, and reports the status information to BSM.

Network Interface Function
CIMA-A2 directly synchronizes with BSC via Gigabit Ethernet/Fast Ethernet.
In case of Ethernet, 1 Optic and 1 copper port are supported.

Clock Generation and Distribution
CIMA-A2’s UCCM generates 10 MHz, Even, and SFN based on the sync signal
(received from GPS) and distributes reference signals to the hardware blocks of the
system. The clock also maintains the internal synchronization of Smart MBS for
system operation. CIMA-A2 can also provide Analog 10 MHz and 80ms signals for
external devices such as measurement equipments. UCCM also provide the Time Of
Day (TOD) signals to various blocks in the system. If GPS signal was not received for
some reason, UCCM provides holdover feature for a 24Hr time period.

Optical interface with LRU and Loopback Test
CIMA-A2 exchanges ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M’ signal with the LRU. CIMA-A2 also
performs loopback tests in order to check the interfaces between CIMA-A2 and LRU.

Combiner Function
CIMA-A2 provides feature that collects digital baseband signals from different
channel cards(CICA-D2) and forwards them to the same LRU. On the other hand, it
also provides feature to receive digital baseband signal from LRU and distribute it to
different channel cards(CICA-D2).
UAMA-A21
UAMA-A21 plays role as main processor, GPS signal receiver and distributor, and as a
network interface.

Main Processor Function
UAMA-A21, the main processor (LTE) of Smart MBS plays role as the highest layer.
It is responsible for communication path configuration between mobile terminal and
EPC, Ethernet switching functionality for internal Smart MBS, and system OAM. Also,
it manages entire hardware and software status within the Smart MBS,
allocates/manages resources, and collect/report the alarm status information to LSM.

Network Interface Function
UAMA-A21 is Gigabit Ethernet/Fast Ethernet, and it interfaces with EPC.
Depending on the provided interface, UAMA-A21 can be classified as following types,
and operator can choose the interface to use.
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CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure
 100/1000 Base-T Copper (RJ-45) 2 Ports
 1000 Base-X Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP) 2 Ports

External Interface Function
UAMA-A21 can provide Ethernet interface for User Defined Ethernet (UDE) within
UADU. Via Fast Ethernet interface of UADU, UAMA-A21 can provide paths to
external alarm information (such as Rectifier alarm/control, battery monitoring data or
UDE/UDA) that is collected by external environmental monitoring device (ECM).
This alarm information is then sent to LSM.

Clock Generation and Distribution
UAMA-A21’s UCCM generates 10 MHz, Even, and SFN (System Frame Number)
based on the sync signal which was received from GPS, and distributes this to the
Hardware block of the system. This clock maintains the internal synchronization of
Smart MBS, and used for system operation. Also, UAMA-A21 can provide Analog
10 MHz, 1 PPS signal as support for external devices such as measurement
equipments. UCCM can forward ‘time data’ and ‘location data’ via TOD Path.
If GPS signal was not received for some reason, UCCM provides holdover feature that
can maintain the normal clock for specified time period.
CICA-D2
CICA-D2 provides following functions.

Subscriber Channel Process
CICA-D2 handles the baseband signal for CDMA service. CICA-D2 handles CDMA
voice and data signal channels. CICA-D2 modulates the packet data (from upper
layers), sends it out to CIMA (via backboard) and then to RF. On the other hand, it
receives RF data from CIMA, demodulates it and converts it in accordance with the
CDMA standard (physical layer standard) and sends it to upper layers for processing.

CDMA Service Support
CICA-D2 supports IS-95 and CDMA 2000 1X/1X Advanced service. Also, CICA-D3
supports CDMA2000 EV-DO service simultaneously.

Clock Generation Feature
CICA-D2 receives PP2S, digital 10 MHz clocks from CIMA, generates system clocks
of 30.72 MHz and 1.25 ms using its internal PLL circuit and distributes it to internal
components (modem and processors).
L9CA-A2P
L9CA-A2P provides following functions.
3-12

Subscriber Channel Processing Function
L9CA-A2P modulates the packet data (which was received from upper processor), and
sends it to RF via CPRI. On the other hand, it demodulates the data received from RF,
converts it into the type defined as in LTE Physical layer standard, to send it to upper
processor.

Optical interface with LRU and Loopback Test
L9CA-A2P exchanges ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M’ signal with the LRU. L9CA-A2P
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
also performs loopback tests in order to check the interfaces between L9CA-A2P and
LRU.

Clock Generation Feature
L9CA-A2P receives PP2S, Digital 10 MHz clock from UAMA-A21, and generate
system clock of 30.72 MHz, CPRI clock 122.88 MHz clock via its own PLL circuit,
and distributes them to internal components (Modem, CPRI FPGA).
FANM-C4
The UADU of Smart MBS maintains the inside temperature of the shelf at an appropriate range
using a system cooling fans (FANM-C4), so that the system can operate normally when the
outside temperature of the UADU shelf changes.
The cooling structure of the UADU in the Smart MBS is as follows.
Figure 3.8 Cooling Structure of the UADU (FANM-C4)
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure
3.1.4 LRU
The LRU is the RF part of Smart MBS. The LRU interfaces with UADU via ‘Baseband I/Q
and C & M’ interface, for this, 2.25Gbps CPRI interfaces(Max.2) are provided.
The LRU receives clock from UADU, and exchanges alarm/control messages with UADU.
Main Functions of LRU are as follows:

High-power amplification of RF transmission signal

Interface for traffic, alarm, and control signal by interfacing with the UADU’s channel
cards(CICA-D2/L9CA-A2P ) in ‘Baseband I/Q and OAM’ method

Upconversion/downconversion of frequency

Rx/Tx RF signal from/to an antenna

Suppression of out-of-band spurious wave emitted from RF Rx/Tx signal

Low noise amplification of band-pass filtered RF Rx signal

FDD filtering function for RF Rx/Tx path
The LRU is configured as follows:
Board Name
L9FU
Quantity
Function
(Count)
Max. 6
LTE eNB Filter Unit
- AWS band
 DL: 2,130~2,140 MHz
 UL: 1,730~1,740 MHz
- LNA function
- Suppression of out-of-band spurious wave emitted from RF
Rx/Tx signal
L9VU
Max. 6
LTE eNB transceiver Unit
- Supports CDMA/LTE single mode or multi mode
- Supports 10 MHz 2Tx/2Rx
 CDMA : 1Tx/2Rx or 2Tx(TDTD)/2Rx operation
 LTE: 1Tx/2Rx or 2Tx/2Rx operation
- 60 + 60 W(Total 120 W)
- RF Up-conversion/Down-conversion
- RF amplification
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
The capacity and maximum output of LRU are as follows: (CDMA/LTE FDD)
Capacity
- CDMA: 3 Carrier/
1 Sector
- LTE: 1 Carrier/
1 Sector @ 5
MHz
Quantity
Max. 6
Max. RF Path
Antenna Output
- CDMA: 1T2R or
CDMA Output
2T2R
- In case of CDMA 1Tx: 24 W/Carrier
- LTE: 1T2R(SIMO) or
- In case of CDMA Tx diversity: 12 +
2T2R(MIMO)
12 W/Carrier(total 24 W/Carrier)
LTE Output
- In case of CDMA 1Tx: 12 + 12 W/
Carrier(total 24 W/Carrier)
- In case of CDMA Tx diversity: 24 +
24 W/Carrier(total 48 W/Carrier)
In case of downlink signal, LRU receives baseband signal via optical ‘Baseband I/Q and C
& M’ from channel card(CICA-D2/L9CA-A2P) of UADU, and converts it with O/E (Optic
to Electrical).
The converted signal is then sent through DAC (Digital to Analog Conversion) to be
converted to analog RF signal, and amplified by amplifier.(L9VU) The amplified signal
goes through filter and sent to antenna. (L9FU) At this time, the transmit RF power from
antenna ports is as follows.
In case of uplink signal, the signal is received after it goes through LRU’s filter.
It is then sent to LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) to change to lower frequency, and goes
through ADC (Analog to Digital Conversion) and get converted to baseband signal.
This baseband signal is in ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M’ type. Then, this is converted as E/O,
and sent to channel card(CICA-D2/L9CA-A2P) of UADU.
Via ‘Baseband I/Q and C & M’ interface, LRU receives UADU clock information, and
exchanges alarm and control messages.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure
3.1.5 Power Device
Power devices of Smart MBS are as follows :
PDPU-O2C
Rectifier
PDPU-OC
PDPU-O2E
Figure 3.9 Power Device Configuration
Name
DC Distribution
Quantity
Function
(Count)
(PDPU-Oxx)
DC Distribution receives DC power from a rectifier and distributes it
to UADU, LRU and additional devices.
- PDPU-OC: Supplies the external power(AC 220 V) to rectifier
- PDPU-O2C: Supplies DC power which is supplied from rectifier to
LRU
- PDPU-O2E: Supplies DC power which is supplied from rectifier to
UADU and other devices
Rectifier
- Rectifier module can be mounted up to 10.
- Supplies DC power to system
3-16
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
The figure below shows the power layout indicating the type of the powers and their
connection points:
AC 220 V
PDPU-OC
INPUT
OUTPUT
AC 220 V
OUTLET/HEATER
RECTIFIER
27 V(DC1)
27 V(DC2)
PDPU-O2E
DC0
DC1
27 V(DC3)
PDPU-O2C
RU0
UADU #0
RU1
UADU #1
L9VU #0
L9FU #0
L9VU #1
L9FU #1
DC2
FCM
RU2
L9VU #2
L9FU #2
DC3
SPARE
RU3
L9VU #3
L9FU #3
DC4
SPARE
RU4
L9VU #4
L9FU #4
L9VU #5
L9FU #5
DC5
DC6
DC7
RU5
SPARE
ECM
LAMP
External Battery
Note.
- LVD: Low Voltage Disconnect device
- All fans are connected to FCM
Figure 3.10 Power Structure
Input power(220 VAC) is supplied to outlet via AC box, and converted +27VDC via
rectifier. This +27VDC is supplied to DC distribution(PDPU-O2C, PDPU-OC, PDPUO2E), and the required voltage is distributed via circuit breaker of each DC
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure
3.1.5 Environment Devices
Environment devices are mounted on as figure below.
Fire sensor
ECM/FCM
Door Sensor
Membrane filter
FANM-G2
Temperature
Sensor
Membrane filter
FANM-G2
Flood Sensor
Figure 3.10 Configuration of Environment Devices
Name
ECM
Quantity
Function
- Collects environment data through environment sensor inside of
outdoor cabinet
- Monitoring the environment of rectifier
- Reports the alarm to upper system via UADU
FCM
- System cooling control device
- Fan control connecting with temperature sensor
- Reports alarm to ECM
FANM-G2
- System cooling fan
- There are each 2 FANM-G2s to front door and rear door.
3-18
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
(Continued)
Name
Quantity
Membrane Filter
Sensor
Function
Protect the system from dust, water, etc.
- Fire sensor(1): Detects whether a fire break out.
- Door sensor(1): Detects whether door opens or close.
- Temperature sensor(2): Detects whether the temperature of
system maintains within operation condition.
- Flood sensor(1): Detects whether the system is flooded.
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CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure
3.1.6 Interface structure
Following is each unit and board’s external interface of the Smart MBS.
UADU
CIMA-A2
UDE0
UDE0
(RJ-45, FE/GE)
(RJ45, FE/GE)
UDE1
UDE1
(RJ-45, FE/GE)
(RJ45, FE/GE)
Debug
(USB, RS-232)
GPS Antenna
A10 M(10 MHz out)
Sync(80 ms)
CLK0(Clock in)
CLK1(Clock out)
GPS Receiver
Main Processing
(RET Control)
Backhaul
(RJ-45, FE/GE)
Backhaul
(SFP, GE)
Backhaul
E/O, O/E Conversion
Baseband I/Q and
C & M(Optic)
from/to LRU
Channel Combining
Network Processor
(Packet Routing)
CICA-D2
Debug
(RS-232)
Baseband Processing
Power Filter & Distribution
Figure 3.11 Hardware Interface structure of UADU (CDMA)
3-20
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
External Interface of CIMA-A2
Interface Type
Connector Type
Quantity
Description
UDE
RJ-45
UDE(100/1000 Base-T)
Debug
USB
UART CPU/GPS
GPS In
SMA
GPS Input(to UCCM)
Ref. Clock Out
SMA
Analog 10 MHz
SMA
80 ms
CLK0
Clock In
CLK1
Clock Out
Copper Backhaul
RJ-45
100/1000 Base-T
Optic Backhaul
SFP
1000 Base-LX/SX
CPRI
Optic
LRU Interface(CPRI 4.0)
Reset
Reset
System reset
LED
LED
SYS, GPS
External Interface of CICA-D2
Interface Type
Connector Type
Quantity
Description
Debug
USB
UART Debug
Reset
Reset
Board reset
LED
LED
SYS
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CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure
UADU
UAMA-A21
UDE0(RJ-45, FE/GE)
UDE1(RJ-45, FE/GE)
GPS Antenna
A10 M(10 MHz out)
1PPS(1PPS out)
CLK0(Clock in)
CLK1(Clock out)
GPS Receiver
Rectifier Interface
(RJ-45, RS-485)
Main Processing &
External Alarm
(RET Control)
Open/Short for UDA
(Champ, Rx: 9, Tx: 2)
Debug(RJ-45)
Backhaul
(RJ-45, FE/GE)
Backhaul
(SFP, GE)
Backhaul
Debug(USB)
L9CA-A2P
Debug(RJ-45)
Baseband I/Q
and C & M
from/to LRU
Baseband Processing
Debug(USB)
+27 VDC Input
Power Filter & Distribution
Figure 3.12 Hardware Interface structure of UADU (LTE)
External Interface of UAMA-A21
Interface Type
3-22
Connector Type
Quantity
Description
UDE
RJ-45
UDE(100/1000 Base-T)
Rectifier IF
RJ-45
RS-485 1 port
UDA
Champ
User Defined Alarm(Rx: 9 port, Tx: 2 port)
Debug
RJ-45
100/1000 Base-T
USB
UART CPU
GPS In
SMA
GPS Input(to UCCM)
Ref. Clock Out
SMA
Analog 10 MHz
SMA
1PPS
CLK0
Clock In
CLK1
Clock Out
Copper Backhaul
RJ-45
100/1000 Base-T
Optic Backhaul
SFP
1000 Base-LX/SX
Reset
Reset
System reset
LED
LED
SYS, GPS
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
External Interface of L9CA-A2P
Interface Type
Connector Type
Debug
Quantity
Description
RJ-45
100/1000 Base-T
USB
UART DSP Debug
CPRI
Copper
LRU IF(CPRI 4.0)
Reset
Reset
Board reset
LED
LED
SYS
LRU
Baseband I/Q and
C & M Path(FPGA)
RF Processing
(Transceiver/PA/Filter)
2Tx/Rx Ports to/
from Antenna
Baseband I/Q and
C & M(Optic)
from/to UADU
Power Module
+27 VDC Input
Figure 3.13 Hardware Interface structure of LRU-C2
External Interface of LRU
Interface Type
Connector Type
Quantity
Description
Antenna
N-type female
2Tx2Rx
CPRI
Copper
CDMA UADU interface
CPRI
Optic
LTE UADU interface
DC Power
+27 VDC
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure
3.2 Smart MBS Software Structure
3.2.1 CDMA Software Structure
CDMA software block of Smart MBS consists of application(Call Processing, OAM) and
common software (system software and IP software).
Smart MBS
Application
Call Processing
OAM
Common Software
System Software
IP Software
LINUX
Hardware
Figure 3.14 CDMA Software Structure
3.2.1.1 Application
Call Processing
CDMA Call Processing software is composed of call processing software blocks of CDMA
BTS and BSC (PCF). It is also responsible for connecting mobile terminal and IP network.
On each NE, there are signal-processing software block and bearer-processing software
block.
In case of BTS, there are signal-processing BTS Resource Control (BRC) and DO
Resource Handler (DRH), and bearer-processing DO channel Element Controller (DEC)
and Channel Element Control (CEC).
Call Processing
1X
BRC
1xEV-DO
CEC
DRH
DEC
Figure 3.15 CDMA Call Processing Software Structure
3-24
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0

BRC
 Allocates and manages internal and air resources in the BTS for 1X call
establishment and maintenance.
 Processes signal messages related with BSC and 1X call establishment and release.
 Handles overhead channel configuration/release and operation; overhead message
configuration and transmission.
 Operates the FSCH scheduler and performs RSCH rate decision.

CEC
 Transfers messages related with allocation/release of the traffic and overhead
channel from BRC to DSP, and handles message received from DSP.
It also transfers messages received through the access channel to BRC.
 Transfers the forward voice/packet traffic received from SDU to DSP, and the
reverse voice/packet traffic received from DSP to SDU.

DRH
 Allocates and manages internal and air resources in BTS for EV-DO calls.
 Allocates wireless resources (e.g., Frequency and CE), link and frame offset, using
information shared with the OAM for resource allocation/release requests from BSC.

DEC
 Handles air interface with mobile terminal, and operates a channel card to handle
EV-DO Rev.0/A physical layer and part of MAC layer.
 Decides whether to provide QoS service based on the air resources available for
allocation per flow during QoS call establishment.
OAM
OAM of Smart MBS consists of Operating Processing (OP), and Maintenance Processing
(MA).
OAM Software
OP
Configuration
Loading
MP
Statistics
UI
Status
Alarm
Diagnosis
Figure 3.16 CDMA OAM Software Structure
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CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure
3-26

OP
OP is classified into Configuration, Loading, Statistics, and UI blocks.
 Configuration: Mounted on the BTS main processor, the configuration block
controls the BTS startup flow according to information from the static database
PLD, and controls reconfiguration when the configuration is changed.
It also provides initialization information to the BTS processors and devices.
The block receives configuration control information requested by the operator to
update the information in PLD and provides configuration changes to the relevant
blocks.
 Loading: For system operation, the operator is provided with the basic restart
function to initialize the entire BTS or some of its processor boards or devices, if
necessary. The operator can reload software by restarting the entire BTS or some
of its processor boards or devices using this function. It also provides the online
firmware update function and inventory management function for various boards
in BTS.
 Statistics: The BTS Performance Measurement and Statistics function traces and
records all meaningful events occurring in BTS, such as real-time call status by
type or usage frequency of the BTS interface trunk, to provide information for
status checks, maintenance, and performance evaluation of the system.
 UI: Provides the main, command and message UI as well as the dedicated UI per
OAM function, such as expansion/reduction, statistics, faults and status UI.

MP
MP provides OAM feature in conjunction with Call Software, OP, and Common
Software.
 Status: Detects, collects and analyzes the BTS processor, device or link status, and
reports to call processing and other sub-systems to ensure the normal system
operation. It also reports to the operator to take relevant actions. The operator can
view the report as a response to a command or in graphic format.
 Faults: Detects, collects and analyzes all hardware and software faults occurring in
BTS, and reports to the operator to take relevant actions. Faults are detected by the
diagnostic and maintenance function, and graded according to the impact on the
service, to notify the operator in forms of messages or graphics.
 Diagnosis: Detects faults in the various devices by testing the BTS links and
devices and reports the status and faults for relevant actions to be taken.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
3.2.1.2 Common Software
Common Software consists of System software (which consists of Operating System,
Middleware, and Device Driver), and IP software (which handles IP routing and Traffic)
Common Software
System Software
OS
MW
IP Software
D/D
IPRS
PPPD
NPS
Figure 3.17 CDMA Common Software Structure
System Software

OS
 Controls resource initialization of the hardware and software, and allows the
application software to control hardware/software resources.
 Allows the application software to use the file systems, libraries and tools.
 Uses Linux 2.6.2x kernel, booter and the Root File System (RFS).

MW
 Provides services required for the application software to send and receive various
messages.
 Retrieves debugging information of the application software and relays commands.
 Provides functions to create, terminate, control and retrieve tasks.
 Handles hardware-dependent functions, such as access to hardware’s physical
address.
 Adds and manages various events, such as timers, and sends the events to relevant
locations when needed.

D/D
 Controls the Gigabit Ethernet Switch in BTS, and supports Layer 2 switching, link
aggregation, VLAN, VLAN tagging, jumbo-frame support, flow control and QoS.
 Controls the CPRI block for communications between CIMA-A2 and LRU.
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CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure
IP Software
3-28

Inter-Protocol Routing System (IPRS)
 Manages and sends to relevant protocols information, such as the interface IP
address, static route and link aggregation settings.
 Provides firewalls and QoS using the Access Control List (ACL).
 Manages link aggregation settings information in accordance with IEEE 802.3ad.

PPP Daemon (PPPD)
 Transmits link configuration packets, termination packets at link termination, and
link maintenance packets.
 Manages data losses regarding packet drops caused by link noise, equipment
failure and buffer overrun problems.
 Transmits configuration, enabling and disabling packets on the network layer used
to send/receive IP packets.

Network Processor System (NPS)
Initialization, setup and management of all network processor (NP) devices, including
initialization of NP devices in BTS, functional setup of the NP, establishment of the IP
address and UDP port mapping table, status control, and statistics collection.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
3.2.2 LTE Software Structure
LTE eNB software is composed of Kernel Space (OS/DD), Forwarding Space (Network
Processing Control, Network Processing), and User Space (IPRS, CPS, OAM, MW).
Detailed description for each of components is shown below.
User Space
IPRS
CPS
IPRS
OAM
ECMB
GTPB
PM
SNMP
ECCB
PDCB
FM
SwM
SCTB
RLCB
CM
TM/TrM
CSAB
MACB
OSAB
WEB/CLI
IPSS
DHCP
MW
Forwarding Space
MDS
THS
HAS
DUS
MFS
ENS
NP Control
NP
Kernel Space
OS
DD
Hardware
Figure 3.18 LTE Software Structure
3.2.2.1 Kernel Space
OS
OS can initialize and control hardware devices, and allows software to operate on hardware
devices. It is composed of Booter, Kernel, RFS, and Utility.

Booter: It is a module that is responsible for initialization of board. It performs
initialization of CPU, L1/L2 Cache, UART, MAC. Also, initialization of CPLD, and
RAM devices are managed. Finally, u-boot is executed here.

Kernel: It provides various ‘primitives’ to efficiently utilize the limited resources, and
manages the various software processes.

RFS: Store and manage ‘Binary, Library, and configuration files’, which are required
for software execution and operation, according to FHS (File-system Hierarchy
Standard 2.2) standard.
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CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure

Utility: Provides feature to manage CPLD, LED, Watchdog, Environment and
Inventory data management, CPU load measurement/display, and Fault data store in
case of Processor Down.
DD
Device Driver allows Application to operate normally for particular devices which are not
controlled by OS. It is composed of Physical Device Driver and Virtual Device Driver.

Physical Device Driver: Provides interface where upper application can configure/
control/monitor hardware device which are outside of processor. (such as Switch
Device Driver, or Ethernet MAC Driver)

Virtual Device Driver: Abstract the physical network interfaces on Kernel, and allow
upper application to control this abstracted interface rather than directly controlling the
physical network interface.
3.2.2.2 Forwarding Space
Network Processing Control (NPC)
Network Processing Control interfaces with upper process (such as IPRS, and OAM) to
create/manage various tables which are required for packet process. And it collects Network
performance, and performs status management.
Network Processing (NP)
Network Processing is software that processes packet which is required for backhaul
interface. It performs the following feature.
3-30

Packet RX and TX

IPv4 and IPv6

Packet queuing and scheduling

MAC filtering

IP Packet forwarding

IP fragmentation and reassembly

Link aggregation

VLAN termination

ACL
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
3.2.2.3 User Space
IP Routing Software (IPRS)
IPRS is software that provides IP Routing and IP Security function in regards to eNB
Backhaul. It is composed of IPRS, IP Security Software (IPSS), Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP), and each function executes following feature.

IPRS: Provides function to collect/manage System Configuration required for IP
Routing, and generate Routing Data based on this information.
 Ethernet, VLAN-TE, Link Aggregation management feature
 Ethernet OAM Feature
 IP Address Management Feature
 IP Routing Data Management Feature
 QoS Management Feature

IPSS: It is software that performs security for IP layer, and provides the filtering
function based on IP Address, TCP/UDP port number and protocol type.

DHCP: DHCP is software block that executes automatic IP address assignment, and
provides the interfaces with DHCP server to automatically obtain IP.
Call Processing Software (CPS)
CPS is software subsystem which executes call processing in LTE eNB. It interfaces with
mobile terminal, and EPC. CPS is responsible for data transmission in order to provide
wireless data service such as MAC scheduling, air link control, ARQ processing, S1, and X2
message processing.

eNB Common Management Block (ECMB)
 Setting/Releasing cell
 Transmitting the system information
 eNB overload control (according to the CPU load)
 Access barring control (controlling access barring parameters sent to SIB2)
 Resource measurement control (status measurement control of eNB resources such
as PRB usage and PDB)
 Cell load information transmission (acting as the interface for the ICIC function,
X2 load information message transmission between eNBs)

eNB Call Control Block (ECCB)
 Radio resource management
 Idle to Active state transition
 Setting/changing/releasing bearer
 Paging
 MME selection and load balancing
 Call admission control
 Security function
 Handover control
 UE measurement control
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CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure
3-32

Stream Control Transmission protocol Block (SCTB)
 S1-C interfacing
 X2-C interfacing

CPS SON Agent Block (CSAB)
 Mobility robustness optimization
 RACH optimization

GPRS Tunneling Protocol Block (GTPB)
 GTP tunnel control
 GTP management
 GTP data transmission

PDCP Control Block (PDCB)
 Header compression and decompression: ROHC only
 User and control plane data transmission
 PDCP sequence number maintenance
 DL/UL data forwarding at handover
 Ciphering and deciphering user data and control data
 Integrity protection for control data
 Timer based PDCP SDU discard

Radio Link Control Block (RLCB)
 Transmission for upper layer PDU
 ARQ function used for AM mode data transmission
 RLC SDU concatenation, segmentation and reassembly
 Re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs
 In sequence delivery
 Duplicate detection
 RLC SDU discard
 RLC re-establishment
 Protocol error detection and recovery

Medium Access Control Block (MACB)
 Mapping between the logical channel and the transport channel
 Multiplexing & de-multiplexing
 HARQ
 Transport format selection
 Priority handling between mobile terminals
 Priority handling between logical channels of one mobile terminal
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
Operation And Maintenance (OAM)
For interface with LSM and Web-EMT, OAM provides standardized interface (SNMPv2c,
SNMPv3, SFTP, HTTPs, or SSH) with improved security. Also, for OAM of LTE eNB, it
performs call processing, collects performance data, manages system configuration and
resource, manages software/hardware resources, manages alarm, and performs diagnosis.
Detailed functions handled by the OAM are:

OAM SON Agent Block (OSAB)
 Self-configuration and self-establishment of system information
 Automatic Neighbor Relation optimization
 Energy saving management

Performance Management (PM)
 Statistics collection
 Statistics storage
 Statistics transmission

Fault Management (FM)
 Fault detection and alarm reporting
 Alarm retrieval
 Alarm filtering
 Alarm severity setting
 Alarm threshold setting
 Alarm correlation

Configuration Management (CM)
View and change configuration information

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
Interface with SNMP Manager

Software Management (SwM)
 Download and installation of software and data files
 Hardware unit and system reset
 Monitoring the status of software unit in operation
 Software and firmware information management and update
 Software upgrade
 Inventory management

Test Management (TM)
 Setting/Releasing OCNS
 Setting/Releasing MODEL
 PING test
 Tx/Rx output measurement
 Antenna VSWR measurement

Trace Management (TrM)
 Call trace
 Call Summary Log (CSL)
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CHAPTER 4. Smart MBS Structure

Web-based Element Maintenance Terminal (Web-EMT)
 Web server
 Interoperation with other OAM blocks to process commands

CLI (Command Line Interface)
 CLI user management
 Command input and result output
 Fault/Status message output
Middleware (MW)
MW allows smooth communication between OS and Application under various hardware
environments. For such purpose, it provides ‘message delivery service, debugging utility
service, event and notification service’ between applications. Also, it provides ‘high
availability service, task handling service’ for redundancy and data backup.
3-34

Message Delivery Service (MDS): Provides entire service relating to sending and
receiving messages.

Debugging Utility Service (DUS): Provides function to send debugging data and
commands between Application and User.

Event Notification Service (ENS): Provides function to register various events (such
as timer, etc), manage events, and send event message to target when necessary.

High Availability Service (HAS): Provides Data synchronization and redundancy state
management.

Miscellaneous Function Service (MFS): Manages miscellaneous hardware-dependable
functions. (such as accessing hardware’s physical address)

Task Handling Service (THS): Provides function to generate/termina7te, or display
Task.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description
CHAPTER 4. Message Flow
4.1 Call Processing Message Flow
4.1.1 CDMA Call Processing Message Flow
This chapter describes the call processing message flow of CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
4-1
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow
1X voice call origination
The following shows the message flow of 1X voice call origination procedure.
MS
BTS
BSC
1)
Origination Message
2)
BS_ACK_Order
5)
Null Traffic
7)
Extended Channel Assignment
Reverse Pilot
9)
BS Ack Order
3)
CM Service Request
4)
Assignment Request
Resource Allocation
6)
8)
WSS
10) MS Ack Order
11) Service Negotiation
12) Service Negotiation Complete
13) Assignment Complete
Figure 4.1 1X voice call origination
4-2
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
Step
1)-2)
Description
When the Mobile Station (MS) sends a origination message, the BTS transmits the
message to the BSC and the BS ACK Order as a message acknowledgement response
to the MS.
3)
Upon the reception of the message, the BSC requests Connection Management (CM)
service to the WSS.
4)
The WSS performs the authentication for the corresponding UE and requests resource
allocation to the BSC.
5)
Then, the resources such as the channel for the voice call are allocated.
6)
The BTS transmits the null traffic to the MS to allow the MS to detect the traffic channel
easily.
7)
The BTS transmits the null traffic to the MS to allow the MS to detect the traffic channel
easily. Through this message, the MS acknowledges that the BTS transmits the traffic
channel.
8)
9)-10)
The MS notifies the BTS its message reception through the reverse pilot.
The BTS and the MS transmit and receive response messages to check the traffic path
between the BSS and the MS.
11)-12)
If necessary, the BTS and the BSC perform service negotiation with the MS.
13)
The BSC notifies the WSS that the call is set up normally.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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CHAPTER 5. Message Flow
1X voice call termination
The following shows the message flow of 1X voice call termination procedure.
MS
BTS
BSC
1)
2)
WSS
Paging Request
Paging Request
3)
Paging Response
4)
BS_ACK_Order
5) Paging Response
6)
7)
Assignment Request
Resource Allocation
8)
Null Traffic
9)
Extended Channel Assignment
10) Reverse Pilot
11) BS Ack Order
12) MS Ack Order
13) Service Negotiation
14) Service Negotiation Complete
15) Assignment Complete
Figure 4.2 1X voice call termination
4-4
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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
Step
1)-2)
Description
When the WSS requests paging to the BSC, the BSC transmits paging signal to the MS
through the BTS.
3)
When the MS receives a paging signal, it sends the response for the signal to the BTS.
4)-6)
The BTS transmits a paging response message of the MS to the BSC and a message
acknowledgement response to the MS. Upon the reception of the message, the BSC
transmits the paging response message to the WSS and the WSS requests resource
allocation to the BSS depending on call process.
7)
Then, the resources such as the channel for the voice call are allocated.
8)
The BTS transmits the null traffic to the MS to allow the MS to detect the traffic channel
easily.
9)
The BTS transmits the null traffic to the MS to allow the MS to detect the traffic channel
easily. Through this message, the MS acknowledges that the BTS transmits the traffic
channel.
10)
The MS notifies the BTS its message reception through the reverse pilot.
11)-12)
The BTS and the MS transmit and receive response messages to check the traffic path
between the BSS and the MS.
13)-14)
If necessary, the BTS and the BSC perform service negotiation with the MS.
15)
The BSC notifies the WSS that the call is set up normally.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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CHAPTER 5. Message Flow
1X packet data call origination
The following shows the message flow of 1X packet data call origination procedure.
MS
BSS
1)
4)
WSS
PDSN
Origination Message
2)
CM Service Request
3)
Assignment Request
Channel Assignment
5)
Service Negotiation
6) Registration Request
7) Registration Reply
8)
Assignment Complete
Figure 4.3 1X packet data call origination
Step
1)-2)
Description
When the MS transmits an outgoing message, the BSS requests the connection control
to the WSS.
3)-4)
The WSS performs the authentication for the corresponding UE and requests resource
allocation to the BSS. Then, the BSS allocates resources to the MS.
5)
If necessary, the BTS and the BSC perform service negotiation with the MS.
6)-8)
Configure the PDSN and R-P interface. When the R-P interface is configured, the BSS
notifies the WSS that the call is set up normally.
4-6
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
1X packet data call termination
The following shows the message flow of 1X packet data call termination procedure.
MS
BSS
WSS
PDSN
1) PPP Framed IP Packet
2)
3)
5)
Paging Message
6)
Paging Response
9)
Channel Assignment
BS Service Request
BS Service Response Request
4)
Paging Request
7)
Paging Response
8)
Assignment Request
10) Registration Request
11) Registration Reply
12) Assignment Complete
Figure 4.4 1X packet data call termination
Step
Description
1)
The IP packet in PPP is transmitted from the PDSN.
2)-5)
The BSS requests a call service to the WSS and the WSS requests paging to the BSS.
The BSS transmits a paging signal to the MS.
6)-8)
When the MS transmits a paging response message to the BSS, the BSS relays the
message to the WSS. Upon the reception of the message, the WSS requests resource
allocation to the BSS.
9)
Then, the BSS allocates resources for the packet data call. If necessary, it performs
service negotiation.
10)-12)
Configure the PDSN and R-P interface. When the R-P interface is configured, the BSS
notifies the WSS that the call is set up normally.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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CHAPTER 5. Message Flow
1X voice call soft handoff
The following shows the message flow of 1X voice call soft handoff.
MS
Source BTS
1)
PSMM
2)
BSAck
Target BTS
5)
Handoff Direction Message
6)
Handoff Completion Message
BSC
WSS
3)
CE Assignment Request
4)
CE Assignment Response
7)
Handoff Performed
Figure 4.5 1X voice call soft handoff
Step
1)-2)
Description
When the MS is in handoff area, it transmits the Power Strength Measurement Message
(PSMM) to the source BTS and the source BTS relays it to the BSC to determine the
type of handoff. The BSC transmits it to Source BTS and the Source BTS transmits it to
MS.
3)-4)
If the BSC determines the handoff as a soft handoff, it requests new source allocation to
the BTS. The target BTS performs channel allocation and transmits the configuration of
the allocated channel to the BSC.
5)-7)
The BSC transmits a handoff direction message which requests an addition of the target
BTS to the MS. When the MS reports a completion message of the process to the BSC,
a cell addition is complete. Then, the BSC notifies the result to the WSS.
4-8
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
1X call release by MS
The following shows the message flow of 1X call release procedure by MS.
MS
BTS
1)
BSC
WSS
Release Order
2) Clear Request
3)
4)
Clear Command
Release Order
5)
Resource Release
6) Clear Complete
Figure 4.6 1X call release by MS
Step
1)-2)
Description
When the MS requests a call release, the request message is relayed via the BTS and
the BSC to the WSS.
3)-4)
The WSS transmits the call release order, the BSC forwards the order to the MS
through the BTS.
5)
Then, the allocated resources for the call are released.
6)
The BSC notifies the call release to the WSS.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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CHAPTER 5. Message Flow
1X call release by WSS
The following shows the message flow of 1X call release procedure by WSS.
MS
BTS
BSC
WSS
1)
2)
Release Order
3)
Release Order
4)
Clear Command
Resource Release
5) Clear Complete
Figure 4.7 1X call release by WSS
Step
1)-3)
Description
The WSS transmits the call release order, the BSC forwards the order to the MS
through the BTS and receives the response for the order.
4-10
4)
Then, the allocated resources for the call are released.
5)
The BSC notifies the call release to the WSS.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
1xEV-DO Session setup
The following shows the message flow of 1xEV-DO Session setup procedure.
MS
BTS
1)
2)
UATI Request
UATI Assignment
3)
4)
7)
BSC
UATI Complete
Connection Request
5)
AllocTrafficChReq
6)
AllocTrafficChRsp
Traffic Channel Assignment
8)
Pilot + DRC
9)
MobileAcquired
10) RTCAck
11) Traffic Channel Complete
12) Session Negotiation
13) Connection Close
Figure 4.8 1xEV-DO Session setup
Step
1)-3)
Description
When a MS configures a session, it sends a UATI Request message to the BSC and
BTS. the BSC and BTS allocate UATI to the MS and prepares for session negotiation
and authentication.
4)-13)
The session negotiation between the MS and the BSC/BTS is performed.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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CHAPTER 5. Message Flow
1xEV-DO MS authentication and PPP setup
The following shows the message flow of 1xEV-DO MS authentication and PPP setup
procedure.
MS
BTS
1)
4)
BSC
PDSN
AN-AAA
Connection Request
2)
AllocTrafficChReq
3)
AllocTrafficChRsp
Traffic Channel Assignment
5)
Pilot + DRC
6)
MobileAcquired
7) RTCAck
8) Traffic Channel Complete
9) PPP, LCP Negotiation and Chap Challenge
10) A12-Access Request
11) A12-Access Accept
12) Chap Authentication Success
13) A11-Registration Request
14) A11-Registration Reply Accept
15) Establish PPP Session
Figure 4.9 1xEV-DO MS authentication and PPP setup
Step
4-12
Description
1)-11)
Perform the authentication between the MS and the BSC/BTS.
12)-15)
The BSC establishes the A10 connection to the PDSN.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
Transition to the 1xEV-DO Dormant state
The following figure shows the message flow of the transition procedure to the 1xEV-DO
dormant state by BSC.
MS
BTS
BSC
PDSN
1. Inactivity timer expiration
2. Airlink Lost
3. Keep Alive Timeout
1)
2)
Connection Close
Connection Close
4)
DeallocTrafficChReq
6)
DeallocTrafficChRsp
3)
5)
A11-Registration Request
A11-Registration Reply
Figure 4.10 Transition to the 1xEV-DO Dormant state
Step
1)-6)
Description
If no data transmission or reception occurs for a certain period of time after the data
service, a transition to the dormant state occurs, in which the wireless connection is
released, but the PPP session is maintained. The transition is processed by sending the
BTS disconnection message. The 1xEv-DO base station no longer maintains the
connection information; the information is maintained in the BSC and the PPP session
is maintained in the PDSN.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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CHAPTER 5. Message Flow
Transition from 1xEV-DO Dormant status to the Active state by MS
The following figure shows the message flow of transition procedure by MS from 1xEV-DO
Dormant status to the Active state by BSC.
MS
BTS
BSC
PDSN
HRPD Dormant Session
1)
Connection Request
2)
3)
AllocTrafficChReq
4)
5)
6)
7)
A11-Registration Request
A11-Registration Reply
AllocTrafficChReq
Traffic Channel Assignment
8)
Pilot + DRC
9)
MobileAcquiredInd
RTC Ack
10) Traffic Channel Complete
Figure 4.11 Transition from 1xEV-DO Dormant status to the Active state by MS
Step
1)-10)
Description
If there is data to transmit from the MS, the MS requests a connection to the BSC and
the wireless connection is re-established from the BTS and the MS. This is the same
procedure for a general outgoing call configuration.
4-14
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
Transition from 1xEV-DO Dormant status to the Active state by network
The following figure shows the message flow of transition procedure by network from
1xEV-DO Dormant status to the Active state by BSC.
MS
BTS
BSC
PDSN
HRPD Dormant Session
2)
3)
8)
9)
Page
1)
Transmitting packet data
4)
A11-Registration Request
6)
Transmitting packet data
Connection Request
5)
AllocTrafficChReq
7)
AllocTrafficChReq
Traffic Channel Assignment
Pilot + DRC
10) MobileAcquiredInd
11) RTC Ack
12) Traffic Channel Complete
Figure 4.12 Transition from 1xEV-DO Dormant status to the Active state by network
Step
1)-12)
Description
If there is data to transmit to the MS, the MS requests a connection to the BSC and the
wireless connection is re-established from the BTS and the MS. This is the same
procedure for a general outgoing call configuration.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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CHAPTER 5. Message Flow
1xEV-DO softer handoff
The following shows the message flow of 1xEV-DO softer handoff procedure.
MS
BTS
1)
4)
5)
BSC
Route Update
2)
AllocTrafficChReq
3)
AllocTrafficChResp
Traffic Channel Assignment
Traffic Channel Complete
Figure 4.13 1xEV-DO softer handoff
Step
1)
Description
The MS sends a Route Update message when a new pilot needs to be added to the
Active Set.
2)-3)
New wireless resources are allocated to the BTS.
4)-5)
New Active Set is notified to the MS through the Traffic Channel Assignment message
by BTS. The MS responses with a Traffic Channel Complete message.
4-16
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
1xEV-DO soft handoff
The following shows the message flow of 1xEV-DO soft handoff procedure.
MS
Source BTS
Target BTS
1)
Route Update
2)
AllocTrafficChReq
3)
AllocTrafficChResp
2)
4)
5)
Route Update
StartDRCLengthTransmission
StartDRCLengthTransmission
6)
7)
BSC
SetRTCMacSoftHOInfo
SetRTCMacSoftHOInfo
8)
Traffic Channel Assignment
9)
Traffic Channel Complete
10) Traffic Channel Assignment
11) Traffic Channel Complete
Figure 4.14 1xEV-DO soft handoff
Step
1)
Description
The MS sends a Route Update message when a new pilot needs to be added to the
Active Set.
2)-7)
New wireless resources are allocated to the BTS.
8)-11)
New Active Set is notified to the MS through the Traffic Channel Assignment message
by BTS. The MS responses with a Traffic Channel Complete message.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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CHAPTER 5. Message Flow
4.1.2 LTE Call Processing Message Flow
Attach Process
The figure below shows the message flow of the Attach procedure.
EPC
UE
eNB
1)
S-GW
Random Access Procedure
2)
RRCConnectionRequest
3)
4)
MME
RRCConnectionSetup
RRCConnectionSetupComplete
5)
(ATTACH REQUEST)
Initial UE Message
(ATTACH REQUEST)
6)
Authentication/NAS Security Setup
9)
7)
Create Session Request
8)
Create Session Response
Initial Context Setup Request
10) UECapabilityEnquiry
(ATTACH ACCEPT)
11) UECapabilityInformation
12) UE Capability Info Indication
13) SecurityModeCommand
14) SecurityModeComplete
15) RRCConnectionReconfiguration
(ATTACH ACCEPT)
16) RRCConnectionReconfiguration Complete
Uplink data
Uplink data
18) ULInformationTransfer
(ATTACH COMPLETE)
17) Initial Context Setup
Response
19) Uplink NAS Transport
20) Modify Bearer Request
(ATTACH COMPLETE)
21) Modify Bearer Response
Downlink data
Downlink data
Figure 4.15 Attach Process
Step
Description
The UE performs the random access procedure (TS 36.321, 5.1) with the eNB.
2-4
The UE initializes the RRC Connection Establishment procedure (TS 36.331, 5.3.3).
The UE includes the NAS ATTACH REQUEST message in the RRC INITIAL CONTEXT
SETUP REQUEST message and sends it to the eNB.
4-18
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
(Continued)
Step
Description
The eNB requests the MME from the RRC elements. The eNB includes the ATTCH
REQUEST message in the INITIAL UE message, which is an S1-MME control
message, and sends it to the MME.
If there is no UE context for the UE in the network, the integrity for the ATTACH
REQUEST message is not protected, or the integrity check fails, an authentication and
NAS security setup must be performed. The UE performs the Evolved Packet System
(EPS) Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) procedure (TS 33.401, 6.1.1) with the
MME. The MME sets up an NAS security association with the UE using the NAS
Security Mode Command (SMC) procedure (TS 33.401, 7.2.4.4).
7-8
The MME selects the P-GW and S-GW. The MME sends the Create Session Request
message to the S-GW. The S-GW adds an item to the EPS bearer table.
From this step to step 20, the S-GW keeps the downlink packet received from the
P-GW until the Modify Bearer Request message is received. The S-GW returns the
Create Session Request message to the MME.
The MME includes the ATTACH REQUEST message in the INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP
REQUEST message, which is an S1-MME Control message, and sends it to the eNB.
This S1 message also includes the AS security context information for the UE.
This information starts the AS SMC procedure at the RRC level.
10-12
If the UE Radio Capability IE value is not contained in the INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP
REQUEST message, the eNB starts the procedure for obtaining the UE Radio
Capability value from the UE and then sends the execution result to the MME.
13-14
The eNB sends the Security Mode Command message to the UE, and the UE responds
with the SecurityModeComplete message. In the eNB, downlink encryption must start
after Security Mode Command is transmitted and the uplink decryption must start after
Security Mode Complete is received.
In the UE, the uplink encryption must be started after the SecurityModeComplete
message has been sent, and the downlink decryption must be started after the
SecurityModeCommand message has been received (TS 33.401, 7.2.4.5).
15-16
The eNB includes the ATTACH ACCEPT message in the RRCConnectionReconfiguration
message and sends it to the UE. The UE sends the RRCConnectionReconfiguration
Complete message to the eNB.
After receiving the ATTACH ACCEPT message, the UE can send uplink packets to both
of the S-GW and P-GW via the eNB.
17
The eNB sends the INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE message to the MME.
18-19
The UE includes the ATTACH COMPLETE message in the ULInformationTransfer
message and sends it to the eNB. The eNB includes the ATTACH COMPLETE
message in the UPLINK NAS TRANSPORT message and relays it to the MME.
20-21
After receiving both of the INITIAL CONTEXT RESPONSE message at step 17 and the
ATTACH COMPLETE message at step 19, the MME sends the Modify Bearer Request
message to the S-GW.
The S-GW sends the Modify Bearer Response message to the MME. S-GW can send
the stored downlink packet.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
4-19
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow
Service Request Initiated by the UE
The figure below shows the message flow of the Service Request procedure initiated by the
UE.
EPC
UE
eNB
1)
S-GW
Random Access Procedure
2)
3)
4)
MME
RRCConnectionRequest
RRCConnectionSetup
RRCConnectionSetupComplete
5)
(SERVICE REQUEST)
6)
Initial UE Message
(SERVICE REQUEST)
Authentication/NAS Security Setup
7)
INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST
(SERVICE ACCEPT)
8)
SecurityModeCommand
9)
SecurityModeComplete
10) RRCConnectionReconfiguration
(SERVICE ACCEPT)
11) RRCConnectionReconfiguration Complete
Uplink data
Uplink data
12) INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE
13) Modify Bearer Request
14) Modify Bearer Response
Downlink data
Downlink data
Figure 4.16 Service Request Process by UE
Step
2-4
Description
The UE performs the random access procedure with the eNB.
The UE includes the SERIVCE REQUEST message, which is an NAS message, in the
RRC message that will be sent to the eNB, and sends it to the MME.
The eNB includes the SERVICE REQUEST message in the INITIAL UE message,
which is an S1-AP message, and sends it to the MME.
4-20
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
(Continued)
Step
Description
If there is no UE context for the UE in the network, the integrity for the ATTACH
REQUEST message is not protected, or the integrity check fails, an authentication and
NAS security setup must be performed. The UE carries out the EPS AKA procedure
(TS 33.401, 6.1.1) with the MME. The MME sets up an NAS security association with
the UE using the NAS SMC procedure (TS 33.401, 7.2.4.4).
The MME sends the S1-AP Initial Context Setup Request message to the eNB.
In this step, radio and S1 bearer are activated for all activated EPS bearers.
8-11
The eNB sets up the RRC radio bearers. The user plane security is established at this
step. The uplink data from the UE can now be passed by the eNB to the S-GW.
The eNB sends the uplink data to the S-GW, which, in turn, passes it to the P-GW.
12
The eNB sends the S1-AP Initial Context Setup Request message to the MME.
13-14
The MME sends the Modify Bearer Request message for each PDN connection to the
S-GW. Now, the S-GW can send the downlink data to the UE. The S-GW sends the
Modify Bearer Response message to the MME.
Service Request by Network
The message flow for service request procedure by network is illustrated below.
EPC
UE
eNB
4)
MME
3)
Paging
5)
Paging
S-GW
1)
Downlink Data Notification
2)
Downlink Data Notification
Acknowledge
UE triggered Service Request procedure
Figure 4.17 Service Request Process by Network
Step
1-2
Description
When receiving a downlink data packet that should be sent to a UE while the user plane
is not connected to that UE, the S-GW sends the Downlink Data Notification message
to the MME which has the control plane connection to that UE. The MME replies to the
S-GW with the Downlink Data Notification Acknowledge message. If the S-GW receives
additional downlink data packet for the UE, this data packet is stored, and no new
Downlink Data Notification is sent.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
4-21
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow
(Continued)
Step
Description
3-4
If the UE is registered with the MME, the MME sends the PAGING message to all eNBs
which belong to the TA where the UE is registered. If the eNB receives the PAGING
message from the MME, it sends the paging message to the UE.
When the UE in Idle mode receives the PAGING message via the E-UTRAN
connection, the Service Request procedure initiated by the UE is started.
The S-GW sends the downlink data to the UE via the RAT which has performed the
Service Request procedure.
Detach Initiated by the UE
The figure below shows the message flow of the Detach procedure initiated by the UE.
EPC
UE
eNB
1)
MME
ULInformationTransfer
2)
(DETACH REQUEST)
Uplink NAS Transport
(DETACH REQUEST)
5)
6)
S-GW
DLInformationTransfer
3)
Delete Session Request
4)
Delete Session Response
Downlink NAS Transport
(DETACH ACCEPT)
(DETACH ACCEPT)
8)
RRCConnectionRelease
7)
UE Context Release Command
(Detach)
9)
UE Context Release Complete
Figure 4.18 Detach Process by UE
Step
1-2
Description
The UE sends the DETACH REQUEST message, which is an NAS message, to the
MME. This NAS message is used to start setting up an S1 connection when the UE is in
Idle mode.
The active EPS bearers and their context information for the UE and MME which are in
the S-GW are deactivated when the MME sends the Delete Session Request message
for each PDN connection.
When receiving the Delete Session Request message from the MME, the S-GW
releases the related EPS bearer context information and replies with the Delete Session
Response message.
5-6
If the detachment procedure has been triggered by reasons other than disconnection of
power, the MME sends the DETACH ACCEPT message to the UE.
4-22
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
(Continued)
Step
Description
The MME sets the Cause IE value of the UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMMAND
message to ‘Detach’ and sends this message to the eNB to release the S1-MME signal
connection for the UE.
If the RRC connection has not yet been released, the eNB sends the
RRCConnectionRelease message to the UE in Requested Reply mode. Once a reply to
this message is received from the UE, the eNB removes the UE context.
The eNB returns the UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMPLETE message to the MME and
confirms that S1 is released. By doing this, the signal connection between the MME and
eNB for the UE is released. This step must be performed immediately following step 7.
Detach Initiated by the MME
The figure below shows the message flow of the Detach procedure initiated by the MME.
EPC
UE
eNB
2)
DLInformationTransfer
1)
S-GW
DOWNLINK NAS TRANSPORT
(DETACH REQUEST)
(DETACH REQUEST)
5)
MME
3)
Delete Session Request
4)
Delete Session Response
ULInformationTransfer
6)
(DETACH ACCEPT)
UPLINK NAS TRANSPORT
(DETACH ACCEPT)
8)
RRCConnectionRelease
7)
UE Context Release Command
(Detach)
9)
UE Context Release Complete
Figure 4.19 Detach Process by MME
Step
Description
1-2
The MME detaches the UE implicitly if there is no communication between them for a
long time. In case of the implicit detach, the MME does not send the DETACH
REQUEST message to the UE. If the UE is in the connected status, the MME sends the
DETACH REQUEST message to the UE to detach it explicitly.
3-4
These steps are the same as Step 3 and 4 in ‘Detach Procedure by UE’.
5-6
If the UE has received the DETACH REQUEST message from the MME in step 2, it
sends the DETACH ACCEPT message to the MME. The eNB forwards this NAS
message to the MME.
After receiving both of the DETACH ACCEPT message and the Delete Session
Response message, the MME sets the Cause IE value of the UE CONTEXT RELEASE
COMMAND message to ‘Detach’ and sends this message to the eNB to release the S1
connection for the UE.
8-9
These steps are the same as Step 8 and 9 in ‘Detach Procedure by UE’.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
4-23
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow
LTE Handover-X2-based Handover
The figure below shows the message flow of the X2-based Handover procedure.
EPC
UE
Target eNB
Source eNB
Downlink/Uplink data
1)
4)
MME
S-GW
Downlink/Uplink data
MeasurementReport
RRCConnectionReconfiguration
2)
HANDOVER REQUEST
3)
HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE
5)
SN STATUS TRANSFER
(mobilityControlinfo)
Data forwarding
6)
7)
Synchronization/UL allocation and timing advance
RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete
Forwarded data
Uplink data
Uplink data
8)
PATH SWITCH REQUEST
9)
Modify Bearer Request
End marker
Forwarded data
Downlink data
End marker
Downlink data
12) UE CONTEXT RELEASE
11) PATH SWITCH
REQUEST
ACKNOWLEDGE
Down/Uplink data
10) Modify Bearer Response
Down/Uplink data
Figure 4.20 X2-based Handover Procedure
Step
4-24
Description
The UE sends the Measurement Report message according to the system information,
standards and rules.
The source eNB determines whether to perform the UE handover based on the
MeasurementReport message and the radio resource management information.
The source eNB sends the HANDOVER REQUEST message and the information
required for handover to the target eNB. The target eNB can perform management
control in accordance with the E-RAB QoS information received.
3-4
The target eNB prepares the handover and creates an RRCConnectionReconfiguration
message, containing the mobileControlInfo IE that tells the source eNB to perform the
handover. The target eNB includes the RRCConnectionReconfiguration message in the
HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE message, and sends it to the source eNB.
The source eNB sends the RRCConnectionReconfiguration message and the
necessary parameters to the UE to command it to perform the handover.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
(Continued)
Step
Description
To send the uplink PDCP SN receiver status and the downlink PDCP SN transmitter
status of the E-RABs of which the PDCP status must be preserved, the source eNB
sends the SN STATUS TRANSFER message to the target eNB.
After receiving the RRCConnectionReconfiguration message containing
mobileControlInfo IE, the UE performs synchronization with the target eNB and
connects to the target cell via a Random Access Channel (RACH). The target eNB
replies with an allocated UL and a timing advance value.
After having connected to the target cell successfully, the UE notifies the target eNB that
the Handover procedure has been completed using an RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete message.
The target eNB, using the PATH SWITCH REQUEST message, notifies the MME that
the UE has changed the cell.
9-10
The MME sends the Modify Bearer Request message to the S-GW. The S-GW changes
the downlink data path into the target eNB. The S-GW sends at least one ‘end marker’
to the source eNB through the previous path, and releases the user plane resources for
the source eNB.
The S-GW sends a Modify Bearer Response message to the MME.
11
The MME acknowledges the PATH SWITCH REQUEST message by issuing the PATH
SWITCH REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE message.
12
The target eNB sends the UE CONTEXT RELEASE message to the source eNB to
notify the handover has succeeded and to make the source eNB release its resources.
When receiving the UE CONTEXT RELEASE messages, the source eNB released the
radio resource and the control plane resource related to the UE context.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
4-25
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow
LTE Handover-S1-based Handover
The figure below shows the message flow of the S1-based Handover procedure.
EPC
UE
Target eNB
Source eNB
Downlink/Uplink data
1)
MME
S-GW
Downlink/Uplink data
Decision to trigger a relocation via S1
2)
HANDOVER REQUIRED
3)
HANDOVER REQUEST
4)
8)
RRCConnectionReconfiguration
(mobilityControlinfo)
7)
HANDOVER REQUEST
ACKNOWLEDGE
5) Create Indirect Data
Forwarding Tunnel Request
6) Create Indirect Data
HANDOVER COMMAND
Forwarding Tunnel Response
9)
eNB STATUS TRANSFER
10) MME STATUS TRANSFER
10-1)
Direct data forwarding
10-2) Indirect data forwarding
Indirect data forwarding
11) Detach from old cell/Synchronize to new cell
12) RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete
Forwarded data
Uplink data
Uplink data
13) HANDOVER NOTIFY
14) Modify Bearer Request
15) Modify Bearer Response
End marker
Forwarded data
Downlink data
End marker
Downlink data
16) Tracking Area Update procedure
17) UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMMAND
18) UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMPLETE
Downlink/Uplink data
19) Delete Indirect Data
Forwarding Tunnel Request
20) Delete Indirect Data
Forwarding Tunnel Response
Downlink/Uplink data
Figure 4.21 S1-based Handover Procedure
4-26
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
Step
Description
The source eNB determines whether to perform S1-based handover to the target eNB.
The source eNB can make this decision if there is no X2 connection to the target eNB
or if an error is notified by the target eNB after an X2-based handover has failed, or if
the source eNB dynamically receives the related information.
The source eNB sends the HANDOVER REQUIRED message to the MME.
The source eNB notifies the target eNB which bearer is used for data forwarding and
whether direct forwarding from the source eNB to the target eNB is possible.
3-4
The MME sends the HANDOVER REQUEST message to the target eNB.
This message makes the target eNB create a UE context containing the bearer-related
information and the security context.
The target eNB sends the HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE message to the
MME.
5-6
If indirect forwarding is used, the MME sends the Create Indirect Data Forwarding
Tunnel Request message to the S-GW. The S-GW replies the MME with the Create
Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response message.
7-8
The MME sends the HANDOVER COMMAND message to the source eNB.
The source eNB creates the RRCConnectionReconfiguration message using the Target
to Source Transparent Container IE value contained in the HANDOVER COMMAND
message and then sends it to the UE.
9-10
To relay the PDCP and HFN status of the E-RABs of which the PDCP status must be
preserved, the source eNB sends the eNB/MME STATUS TRANSFER message to the
target eNB via the MME. The source eNB must start forwarding the downlink data to the
target eNB through the bearer which was determined to be used for data forwarding.
This can be either direct or indirect forwarding.
11
The UE performs synchronization with the target eNB and connects to the target cell via
a RACH.
The target eNB replies with UL allocation and timing advance value.
12
After having synchronized with the target cell, the UE notifies the target eNB that the
Handover procedure has been completed using the
RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete message. The downlink packets forwarded
by the source eNB can be sent to the UE.
The uplink packets can also be sent from the UE to the S-GW via the target eNB.
13
The target eNB sends the HANDOVER NOTIFY message to the MME. The MME starts
the timer which tells when the resources of the source eNB and the temporary
resources used by the S-GW for indirect forwarding will be released.
14
For each PDN connection, the MME sends the Modify Bearer Request message to the
S-GW. Downlink packets are sent immediately from the S-GW to the target eNB.
15
The S-GW sends the Modify Bearer Response message to the MME. If the target eNB
changes the path for assisting packet resorting, the S-GW immediately sends at least
one ‘end marker’ packet to the previous path.
16
If any of the conditions listed in section 5.3.3.0 of TS 23.401 (6) is met, the UE starts the
Tracking Area Update procedure.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
4-27
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow
(Continued)
Step
17-18
Description
When the timer started at step 13 expires, the MME sends the UE CONTEXT
RELEASE COMMAND message to the source eNB. The source eNB releases the
resources related to the UE and replies to the target eNB with the UE CONTEXT
RELEASE COMPLETE message.
19-20
If indirect forwarding has been used, when the timer started at step 13 expires the MME
sends the Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request message to the S-GW.
This message gets the S-GW to release the temporary resources allocated for indirect
forwarding at step 5.
The S-GW replies the MME with the Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response
message.
4-28
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
4.2 Loading Flow
Loading is the process where each processor and device downloads the required software
and data from an Image Server (IS). In Smart MBS, Loading is executed during the system
initialization. Also, if a particular board is newly mounted onto the system, or if a hardware
reset is executed, loading will be executed.
Loading can be classified into two types: loading using Non-volatile storage, or loading
using a remote IS. At first system initialization, Smart MBS uses a remote IS to execute
loading. At this time, it stores the corresponding data in its internal storage so that
unnecessary loading will be prevented in the future. After first initialization, if loading is
activated, versions will be compared. If the stored data is determined to be the latest
version, remote loading will NOT be executed. If the stored data is NOT the latest version,
remote loading will be executed from the BSM/LSM.
Among other things, the loading file contains a software image consisting of executable
files/script files and Programmable Loading Data (PLD) containing configuration data and
operational parameters. Within the loading file, all the necessary data for the static routing
function and initialization of Smart MBS is stored.
Loading Procedure
At initialization, the Smart MBS Loader first executes the following tasks. These tasks are
referred to as Pre-Loading.

Boot-up
The Booter copies the kernel and Root File System (RFS) from flash ROM to RAM
disk to execute the kernel.

IP Configuration
In order to communicate with the upper management system for the first time, the IP
address data is obtained from flash ROM and configured. In the case of auto
initialization, the Smart MBS automatically obtains Layer 3 information such as IP
address, subnet mask, and gateway IP using DHCP.

Registration
The Network Element (NE) is registered using a registration server (RS) and the IP
address of the IS is obtained during the registration process.

Version Comparison
Except for the case of forced loading, the software image and PLD versions stored in
the remote IS are compared to determine where loading is required.

File List Download
This task downloads the list of files needs to be loaded on the required cards.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
4-29
CHAPTER 5. Message Flow
Loading Message Flow
After the Pre-Loading step has completed, the BSM /LSM should execute loading from
either the corresponding IS or from its own storage array using SFTP. After this, the
BSM/LSM-R loader now becomes the ‘internal IS’ to lower boards (which is not main
processor), and the rest of the loading can be executed. The loaded software version of the
Smart MBS can be checked from the upper management system.
Loading message flow is shown in the following diagram.
BSM/LSM-R (RS/IS)
Smart MBS
Non-volatile
storage
Main
Processor
Registration
Image Loading
RS/IS
Board
Processor
Figure 4.22 Smart MBS’ Loading Message Flow
4-30
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description
ABBREVIATION
AC
Admission Control
ADC
Analog to Digital Conversion
AM
Acknowledged Mode
AMBR
Aggregated Maximum Bit Rate
AN
Access Networks
AN-AAA
Access Network-Authorization, Authentication and Accounting
ANR
Automatic Neighbor Relation
ARQ
Automatic Repeat request
AS
Access Stratum
AWS
Advanced Wireless Services
BOC
Burst Operation Control
BPSK
Binary Phase Shift Keying
BRC
BTS Resource Control
BSC
Base Station Controller
BSM
BSS System Manager
BTS
Base Transceiver Station
BTS
Base Transceiver Station
CA
Carrier Allocation
CAC
Call Admission Control
CAI
Common Air Interface
CAM
Channel Assignment Message
CC
Chase Combining
CDMA
Code Division Multiple Access
CEC
Channel Element Control
CICA-A
CDMA IP Channel card board Assembly-type A
CICA-D
CDMA IP Channel card board Assembly-type D
CICA-D2
CDMA IP Channel card board Assembly-type D2
CIMA-A
CDMA Management board Assembly-type A
CIMA-A2
CDMA Management board Assembly-type A2
CLI
Command Line Interface
CM
Configuration Management
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
ABBREVIATION
CoS
Class of Service
CPRI
Common Public Radio Interface
CPS
Call Processing Software
CRM
Call Resource Management
CS
Circuit Service
CSAB
CPS SON Agent Block
CSR
Cell Site Router
D/D
Device Driver
DAC
Digital to Analog Conversion
DBMS
Database Management System
DD
Device Driver
DEC
DO channel Element Controller
DFT
Discrete Fourier Transform
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DiffServ
Differentiated Services
DMC
DO Media Controller
DRH
DO Resource Handler
DSCP
Differentiated Services Code Point
DU
Digital Unit
DUS
Debugging Utility Service
E/O
Electrical to Optic
ECCB
eNB Call Control Block
ECCB
eNB Call Control Block
ECM/FCM
Environment Control Module/Fan Control Module
ECMB
eNB Common Management Block
EMS
Element Management System
eNB
evolved UTRAN Node B
ENS
Event Notification Service
EPC
Evolved Packet Core
E-UTRAN
Evolved UTRAN
EVRC-B
Enhanced Variable Rate Codec-B
II
FA
Foreign Agent
FANM-C4
Fan Module-C4
FANM-G2
Fan Module-G2
FDD
Frequency Division Duplex
FDMA
Frequency Division Multiple Access
FHS
File-system Hierarchy Standard 2.2
FM
Fault Management
FSTD
Frequency Switched Transmit Diversity
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
GTPB
GPRS Tunneling Protocol Block
HA
Home Agent
HARQ
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
H-ARQ
Hybrid-ARQ
HAS
High Availability Service
HO
Handover
HSS
Home Subscriber Server
HTTPs
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol over SSL
ICIC
Inter-Cell Interference Coordination
IDFT
Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform
IMSI
International Mobile Station Identity
IMSI
International Mobile Station Identity
IPRS
IP Routing Software
IPSS
IP Security Software
IR
Incremental Redundancy
IS
Image Server
L9CA-A2P
LTE eNB Channel card board Assembly-type A2P
L9CA-B4T
LTE eNB Channel card board Assembly-type B4T
L9FU
LTE eNB Filter Unit
L9VU
LTE eNB transceiver Unit
LNA
Low Noise Amplifier
LRU
Local Radio Unit
LSM
LTE System Manager
LSM-C
LTE System Manager-Core
LSM-R
LTE System Manager-Radio
LTE
Long Term Evolution
MA
Maintenance Processing
MAC
Media Access Control
MACB
Medium Access Control Block
MBR
Maximum Bit Rate
MBS
Multi-modal Base Station
MBSFN
Multimedia Broadcast multicast service over a Single Frequency
MCS
Modulation and Coding Scheme
Network
MDS
Message Delivery Service
MFS
Miscellaneous Function Service
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
III
ABBREVIATION
MGW
Media Gateway
MIB
Master Information Block
MIMO
Multiple Input Multiple Output
MM
Mobility Management
MME
Mobility Management Entity
MRD
Mobile Receive Diversity
MS
Mobile Station
MSS
Master SON Server
MW
Middleware
NAI
Network Access Identifier
NAS
Non-Access Stratum
NP
Network Processing
NPC
Network Processing Control
NPS
Network Processor System
NR
Neighbor Relation
NRT
Neighbor Relation Table
O/E
Optic to Electrical
OAM
Operation And Maintenance
OCS
Online Charging System
OFCS
Offline Charging System
OFDMA
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
OP
Operating Processing
OS
Operating System
OSAB
OAM SON Agent Block
OSS
Operations Support System
IV
PAPR
Peak to Average Power Ratio
PCEF
Policy and Charging Enforcement Function
PCF
Packet Control Function
PCI
Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCM
Pulse Code Modulation
PCN
Packet Core Network
PCRF
Policy and Charging Rule Function
PDCB
PDCP Control Block
PDCP
Packet Data Convergence Protocol
PDPU-O2C
Power Distribution Panel Unit-O2C
PDPU-O2E
Power Distribution Panel Unit-O2E
PDPU-OC
Power Distribution Panel Unit-OC
PDSN
Packet Data Serving Node
P-GW
PDN Gateway
PLER
Packet Loss Error Rate
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0
PM
Performance Management
PMI
Precoding Matrix Indicator
PMIP
Proxy Mobile IP
PPP
Point to Point Protocol
PPPD
PPP Daemon
PRACH
Physical Random Access Channel
PRB
Physical Resource Block
PSMM
Power Strength Measurement Message
PSS
Primary Synchronization Signal
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network
QAM
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QAS
QChat Application Server
QChat
Qualcomm Chat
QCI
QoS Class Identifier
QLIC
Qualcomm Linear Interference Cancellation
QOF
Quasi Orthogonal Function
QoS
Quality of Service
QPSK
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
RACH
Random Access Channel
RAN
Radio Access Network
RB
Radio Bearer
RC
Radio Configuration
RC
Radio Configuration
RF
Radio Frequency
RFS
Root File System
RLC
Radio Link Control
RLCB
Radio Link Control Block
RLIC
Reverse Link Interference Cancellation
RLIC
Reverse Link Interference Cancellation
RLP
Radio Link Protocol
RO
RACH Optimization
ROHC
Robust Header Compression
RRH
Remote RF Head
RU
Radio Unit
S1-AP
S1 Application Protocol
SC
Single Carrier
SC/MM
Session Control/Mobility Management
SCTB
Stream Control Transmission protocol Block
SCTP
Stream Control Transmission Protocol
SDU
Selection and Distribution Unit
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
ABBREVIATION
SFBC
Space Frequency Block Coding
SFN
System Frame Number
SFTP
SSH File Transfer Protocol
S-GW
Serving Gateway
SIBs
System Information Blocks
SM
Spatial Multiplexing
SMS
Short Message Service
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
SON
Self Organizing Network
SSH
Secure Shell
SSS
Secondary Synchronization Signal
STBC
Space Time Block Coding
SU
Single User
SUA
SCCP User Adaptation
SwM
Software Management
TA
Tracking Area
TCA
Threshold Cross Alert
TDD
Time Division Duplex
TDM
Time Division Multiplex
TDTD
Time Division Transmit Diversity
THS
Task Handling Service
TM
Test Management
TrM
Trace Management
UADB
Universal platform Digital Backboard
UADU
Universal Platform Digital Unit
UAMA-A21
Universal platform Management board Assembly-type A21
UAMA-A41
Universal Platform Management board Assembly-type A41
UE
User Equipment
VCN
Voice Core Network
VLAN
Virtual Local Area Network
VI
Web-EMT
Web-based Element Maintenance Terminal
WSS
Wireless Softswitch
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE/CDMA Smart MBS
System Description
©2012 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
All rights reserved.
Information in this description is proprietary to SAMSUNG
Electronics Co., Ltd.
No information contained here may be copied, translated,
transcribed or duplicated by any form without the prior written
consent of SAMSUNG.
Information in this description is subject to change without
notice.
MPE Information
Warning: Exposure to Radio Frequency Radiation The radiated output power
of this device is far below the FCC radio frequency exposure limits.
Nevertheless, the device should be used in such a manner that the potential
for human contact during normal operation is minimized. In order to avoid
the possibility of exceeding the FCC radio frequency exposure limits, human
proximity to the antenna should not be less than1100cm during normal
operation. The gain of the antenna is 20.7 dBi. The antenna(s) used for this
transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other
antenna or transmitter.
ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.

---

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