Samsung Electronics Co SPI-2210022502 Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS User Manual

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EPBD-001884
Ed. 05
Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210
100RAS Outdoor Premium RAS
System Description
COPYRIGHT
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No information contained herein may be copied, translated, transcribed or duplicated for any commercial
purposes or disclosed to the third party in any form without the prior written consent of SAMSUNG Electronics
Co., Ltd.
TRADEMARKS
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companies.
This manual should be read and used as a guideline for properly installing and operating the product.
This manual may be changed for the system improvement, standardization and other technical reasons without prior
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©2007~2009 SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
All rights reserved.
Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description
INTRODUCTION
Purpose
This description describes the characteristics, functions and structures of the Outdoor
Premium RAS of Mobile WiMAX, also referred to as the outdoor SPI-2210. Throughout
this document the SPI-2210 designation will be used.
Document Content and Organization
This description is composed of five Chapters, an Abbreviation and Index as follows:
CHAPTER 1. Overview of Mobile WiMAX System

Mobile WiMAX System Introduction

Characteristics of Mobile WiMAX System

Components of Mobile WiMAX Network

Functions of Mobile WiMAX System
CHAPTER 2. Overview of Outdoor SPI-2210

Outdoor SPI-2210 Introduction

Major functions

Resources

System Configuration

Interface between the Systems
CHAPTER 3. Outdoor SPI-2210 Architecture

System Configuration

Hardware Structure

Software Structure

Redundancy
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CHAPTER 4. Message Flow

Call Processing Message Flow

Network Synchronization Message Flow

Alarm Message Flow

Loading Message Flow

Operation and Maintenance Message Flow
CHAPTER 5. Additional Functions and Tools

TTLNA

Web-EMT
ABBREVIATION
Describes the acronyms used in this description.
INDEX
Index provides main searching keywords to be found.
Conventions
The following types of paragraphs contain special information that must be carefully read
and thoroughly understood. Such information may or may not be enclosed in a rectangular
box, separating it from the main text, but is always preceded by an icon and/or a bold title.
NOTE
Indicates additional information as a reference.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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Revision History
EDITION
DATE OF ISSUE
REMARKS
00
10. 2007.
First Draft
01
11. 2007.
Cabinet configuration is changed.
02
01. 2008.
- Delete the information related DHCP Server
- sFTP  SFTP
- Modify the 'PSMR/PSFMR' information
- Modify the external interface (3.2.7)
- Modify the figure 3.1 and figure 4.15
- Modify the ‘4.1’
- Modify the beamforming explanation
03
06. 2008.
- Abbreviations are changed.
- Rel. 5 information is added.
04
03. 2009.
- The RADIUS protocol support for interfacing with the AAA
server is added. (1.3, 2.5.1, 4.1)
- ‘Disabling ZCS’ function is added. (2.2.5)
- Figure 3.5 is changed.
- The alarm port specification is changed from 10 Tx UDA to
6 Tx UDA. (3.2.5, 3.2.6)
- The path test-related content is modified. (3.3.3.13)
- The failure alarm types are modified. (4.3)
- The acronyms in The ABBREVIATION section are modified.
05
06. 2009.
- Modify Figures 1.1, 1.2, 2.4, 4.1 to 4.4, 4.6 to 4.8, and 4.13
to 4.15
- Add Figures 4.9
- Modify Sections 1.3, 3.3.3.6, 4.1.1 to 4.1.4, and 4.1.6
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Purpose ....................................................................................................................................... I
Document Content and Organization .......................................................................................... I
Conventions................................................................................................................................ II
Revision History......................................................................................................................... III
CHAPTER 1. Overview of Mobile WiMAX System
1-1
1.1
Introduction to Mobile WiMAX .............................................................................................. 1-1
1.2
Characteristics of the Mobile WiMAX System..................................................................... 1-3
1.3
Mobile WiMAX Network Configuration................................................................................. 1-4
1.4
Mobile WiMAX System Functions ........................................................................................ 1-6
CHAPTER 2. Overview of Outdoor SPI-2210
2-1
2.1
Introduction to Outdoor SPI-2210......................................................................................... 2-1
2.2
Main Functions ...................................................................................................................... 2-3
2.2.1
Physical Layer Processing Function ........................................................................... 2-3
2.2.2
Call Processing Function ............................................................................................ 2-5
2.2.3
IP Processing Functions ............................................................................................. 2-8
2.2.4
Auxiliary Device Interface Function............................................................................. 2-9
2.2.5
Maintenance Function .............................................................................................. 2-10
2.2.6
Function of Supporting the Outdoor Environment..................................................... 2-13
2.3
Specifications ...................................................................................................................... 2-14
2.4
System Configuration.......................................................................................................... 2-17
2.5
Interface between Systems................................................................................................. 2-18
2.5.1
Interface Structure .................................................................................................... 2-18
2.5.2
Protocol Stack........................................................................................................... 2-19
2.5.3
Physical Interface Operation Method........................................................................ 2-20
CHAPTER 3. Outdoor SPI-2210 Architecture
3.1
3-1
System Configuration............................................................................................................ 3-1
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3.2
3.3
3.4
Detailed Structure...................................................................................................................3-3
3.2.1
Digital Main Block (DMB).............................................................................................3-3
3.2.2
RF Block (RFB) ...........................................................................................................3-7
3.2.3
PDP-PO.....................................................................................................................3-10
3.2.4
Direct Air Cooling System (DACS) ............................................................................3-12
3.2.5
Universal Control Module (UCM) and Sensor ...........................................................3-16
3.2.6
I/O Module.................................................................................................................3-18
3.2.7
External Interface Structure .......................................................................................3-19
Software Structure ...............................................................................................................3-21
3.3.1
Basic Structure ..........................................................................................................3-21
3.3.2
Call Control (CC) Block .............................................................................................3-23
3.3.3
Operation And Maintenance (OAM) Block.................................................................3-26
Redundancy Structure .........................................................................................................3-43
3.4.1
MMA-S Redundancy Structure ..................................................................................3-43
3.4.2
MRA-S Redundancy Structure ..................................................................................3-44
3.4.3
Backhaul Redundancy Structure ...............................................................................3-44
CHAPTER 4. Message Flow
4.1
4-1
Call Processing Message Flow .............................................................................................4-1
4.1.1
Initial Access................................................................................................................4-1
4.1.2
Authentication..............................................................................................................4-4
4.1.3
Status Change.............................................................................................................4-7
4.1.4
Location Update ........................................................................................................ 4-11
4.1.5
Paging .......................................................................................................................4-16
4.1.6
Handover...................................................................................................................4-17
4.1.7
Access Termination ...................................................................................................4-23
4.2
Network Synchronization Message Flow ...........................................................................4-25
4.3
Alarm Signal Flow ................................................................................................................4-26
4.4
Loading Message Flow ........................................................................................................4-28
4.5
Operation and Maintenance Message Flow .......................................................................4-30
CHAPTER 5. Additional Functions and Tools
5-1
5.1
TTLNA/RET .............................................................................................................................5-1
5.2
Web-EMT .................................................................................................................................5-2
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ABBREVIATION
A ~ C............................................................................................................................................ I
D ~ I............................................................................................................................................ II
L ~ P .......................................................................................................................................... III
Q ~ T ......................................................................................................................................... IV
U ~ W ......................................................................................................................................... V
INDEX
A ~ E............................................................................................................................................ I
F ~ M .......................................................................................................................................... II
N ~ S ......................................................................................................................................... III
T ~ W......................................................................................................................................... IV
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1
Mobile WiMAX Network Configuration ...................................................................1-4
Figure 1.2
Configuration of Mobile WiMAX System Functions (Based on Profile C)...............1-6
Figure 2.1 IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack Operation.............................................................................2-8
Figure 2.2 SMOR Configuration............................................................................................2-17
Figure 2.3 Structure of Outdoor SPI-2210 Interface..............................................................2-18
Figure 2.4 Protocol Stack between NEs................................................................................2-19
Figure 2.5 Protocol Stack between Outdoor SPI-2210 and WSM .........................................2-19
Figure 3.1 Internal Configuration of Outdoor SPI-2210 ...........................................................3-2
Figure 3.2
DMB Configuration.................................................................................................3-4
Figure 3.3
RFB Configuration .................................................................................................3-7
Figure 3.4 PDP-PO Configuration.........................................................................................3-10
Figure 3.5 Power Structure ................................................................................................... 3-11
Figure 3.6
DACS Configuration.............................................................................................3-12
Figure 3.7
Heat Radiation Structure of the Outdoor SPI-2210 ..............................................3-14
Figure 3.8
Heating Structure of the Outdoor SPI-2210 .........................................................3-15
Figure 3.9
UCM and Sensor Configuration ...........................................................................3-16
Figure 3.10 UCM Configuration Diagram of the Outdoor SPI-2210 ......................................3-17
Figure 3.11 I/O Module Configuration ...................................................................................3-18
Figure 3.12
External Interfaces of Outdoor SPI-2210 ...........................................................3-19
Figure 3.13 Software Structure of Outdoor SPI-2210............................................................3-21
Figure 3.14
CC Block Structure.............................................................................................3-23
Figure 3.15
OAM Software Structure ....................................................................................3-26
Figure 3.16 Interface between OAM Blocks..........................................................................3-26
Figure 3.17
SNMPD Block ....................................................................................................3-28
Figure 3.18
OAGS Block.......................................................................................................3-29
Figure 3.19
Web-EMT Block .................................................................................................3-30
Figure 3.20
CLIM Block ........................................................................................................3-31
Figure 3.21
PAM Block..........................................................................................................3-32
Figure 3.22
UFM Block .........................................................................................................3-34
Figure 3.23 Loader Block ......................................................................................................3-35
Figure 3.24
ULM Block .........................................................................................................3-37
Figure 3.25
OPM Block .........................................................................................................3-38
Figure 3.26
OSSM Block ......................................................................................................3-38
Figure 3.27
OER/OEV Block.................................................................................................3-39
Figure 3.28
OCM Block.........................................................................................................3-40
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Figure 3.29
RDM Block ........................................................................................................ 3-42
Figure 3.30 Redundancy Structure of OAM Block (MMA-S)................................................. 3-43
Figure 3.31 Redundancy Structure of UCCM (MMA-S)........................................................ 3-43
Figure 3.32
MRA-S Redundancy Structure .......................................................................... 3-44
Figure 3.33 Load Sharing Structure of Backhaul .................................................................. 3-44
Figure 4.1 Initial Access Process............................................................................................ 4-2
Figure 4.2
Authentication Procedure (At the time of initial access) ........................................ 4-4
Figure 4.3
Authentication Procedure (At the time of the Authenticator Relocation) ................ 4-6
Figure 4.4
Awake Mode  Idle Mode Status Change Procedure .......................................... 4-7
Figure 4.5
Awake Mode  Sleep Mode Status Change Procedure ....................................... 4-8
Figure 4.6 Idle Mode  Awake Mode (QCS) Procedure ........................................................ 4-9
Figure 4.7 Inter-RAS Location Update Procedure .................................................................4-11
Figure 4.8 Inter-ACR Location Update Procedure (CMIP/PMIP Case) ................................ 4-12
Figure 4.9 Inter-ACR Location Update Procedure (Simple IP Case).................................... 4-14
Figure 4.10
Paging Procedure.............................................................................................. 4-16
Figure 4.11 Inter-RAS Handover Procedure......................................................................... 4-17
Figure 4.12 Inter-ASN Handover (ASN-Anchored Mobility).................................................. 4-19
Figure 4.13 Inter-ASN Handover (CSN-Anchored Mobility).................................................. 4-21
Figure 4.14
Access Termination (Awake Mode) ................................................................... 4-23
Figure 4.15
Access Termination (Idle Mode) ........................................................................ 4-24
Figure 4.16 Network Synchronization Flow of Outdoor SPI-2210 ........................................ 4-25
Figure 4.17
Alarm Signal Flow of Outdoor SPI-2210............................................................ 4-26
Figure 4.18
Alarm and Control Structure of Outdoor SPI-2210 ............................................ 4-27
Figure 4.19 Loading Message Flow ..................................................................................... 4-29
Figure 4.20
Operation and Maintenance Signal Flow........................................................... 4-30
Figure 5.1 TTLNA/RET Interface............................................................................................ 5-1
Figure 5.2 Web-EMT Interface ............................................................................................... 5-2
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description
CHAPTER 1. Overview of Mobile
WiMAX System
1.1 Introduction to Mobile WiMAX
The Mobile WiMAX system is the wireless network system that supports IEEE 802.16e2005 base service. The IEEE 802.16 standard constitutes the basis for Mobile WiMAX, and
includes IEEE Std 802.16-2004 which defines the fixed wireless Internet connection
service, and IEEE Std 802.16, P802.16-2004/Cor/D3 which defines mobility technology
such as handover or paging.
Mobile WiMAX Standard
In this description, the entire Mobile WiMAX standard is expressed IEEE 802.16.
The wireless LAN (WLAN, Wireless Local Area Network) can provide high speed data
services, but its radio wave is short and covers only small areas, and also gives limited user
mobility. It is difficult for WLAN to ensure Quality of Service (QoS) for data service.
On the contrary, the present mobile communication networks support the mobility of the
users, but the service charge and the cost of system operations are high due to the limited
wireless resources. To provide faster service in the existing mobile communication
networks, it requires a separate wireless communication technology such as High Speed
Packet Access (HSPA) for the data services.
Mobile WiMAX can, therefore, overcome the limitations of the WLAN and present mobile
communication networks, and accommodate only the advantages of the system.
Mobile WiMAX can ultimately provide the high speed wireless internet services with low
cost at any time and in anyplace.
Samsung Mobile WiMAX System provides high speed data services using the transmission
technology of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) by the Time
Division Duplex (TDD), and can give wider coverage compared to the existing WLAN.
The system performance and the capacity have been expanded by the high performance
hardware, and thus, it can easily give various functions and services to the users.
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The Mobile WiMAX system consists of Radio Access Station (RAS), Access Control
Router (ACR) and Mobile WiMAX System Manager (WSM). RAS manages 802.16
Medium Access Control (MAC)/Physical Layer (PHY) function for Mobile Station (MS),
ACR manages various control functions and interworking function between Mobile
WiMAX ASN system and CSN system.
System Support Standards
Network Working Group (NWG) of Mobile WiMAX Forum defines the Mobile
WiMAX network as Access Service Network (ASN) and Connectivity Service
Network (CSN). Samsung’s RAS is Base Station (BS) and ACR is ASN-GW
(Gateway) of ASN, respectively.
RAS and ACR are based on ASN Profile C and Wave 2 Profile defined in the
Mobile WiMAX Forum and the Wave 2 Profile contains Wave 1 Profile.
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1.2 Characteristics of the Mobile WiMAX System
The major characteristics of Mobile WiMAX system are listed below.
High Compatibility and Cross-Interworking
The Mobile WiMAX system is based on IEEE 802.16 standard and complies with Wave 2
Profile and ASN Profile C of the Mobile WiMAX Forum. Therefore, the Mobile WiMAX
system provides high compatibility and excellent cross-interworking.
High Performance Module Structure
The Mobile WiMAX system has high performance by using high-performance processor
and provides the module structure that it is easy to upgrade hardware and software.
High System Stability
The Mobile WiMAX system provides the redundancy structure for main modules to ensure
higher stability.
Variant Advance RF and Antenna Solution Support
The Mobile WiMAX system supports Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and applies
the power amplifier to support wideband operation bandwidth. In addition, it can readily
support 4-branch diversity and beamforming.
Evolution Possibility into Next Generation Networking
The Mobile WiMAX system complies with the structure of the Mobile WiMAX ASN
Profile C network and the ASN Profile C network composition is similar to the network
structure considered in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)/Service Architecture Evolution
(SAE). Therefore, the Mobile WiMAX system can easily evolve into the next generation
network.
Maintenance Function with Strengthened Security
The Mobile WiMAX system provides the security function (SNMPv3, SSH, SFTP and
HTTPs) to all channels for operation and maintenance. The Mobile WiMAX system
provides the operator Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) function to
authenticate the operator and assign the right for system access and store the operation
history in a log.
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1.3 Mobile WiMAX Network Configuration
Mobile WiMAX network is composed of ASN and CSN. ACR and RAS are involved in
ASN and WSM is the Network Element (NE) to manage ACR and RAS. CSN is composed
of AAA server, HA, and PCRF server. ASN is connected with CSN by router and switch.
The following diagram shows the composition of Mobile WiMAX network.
AAA
HA
Core Router/Switch
DHCP
Internet
PCRF
CSN
WSM
Edge Router/Switch
ASN
…
ACR
RAS
RAS
MS
MS
ACR
RAS
RAS
MS
MS
Figure 1.1 Mobile WiMAX Network Configuration
Radio Access Station (RAS)
RAS as the system between ACR and MS has the interface with ACR and provides the
wireless connection to MS under IEEE 802.16 standards to support wireless
communication service for subscribers.
RAS carries out wireless signal exchange with MS, modulation/demodulation signal
processing for packet traffic signal, efficient use of wireless resources, packet scheduling
for Quality of Service (QoS) assurance, Admission Control, assignment of wireless
bandwidth, Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) processing and ranging function. In addition,
RAS controls the connection for packet calls and handover.
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Access Control Router (ACR)
ACR, which is the system between CSN and RAS, enables several RASs to interwork with
IP network, sends/receives traffic between external network and MS, and controls QoS.
The ACR interfaces with the Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) server
using the DIAMETER/RADIUS protocols and with the Policy & Charging Rules Function
(PCRF) server using the Diameter protocol. For Mobile IP services the ACR interacts with
the Home Agent.
Mobile WiMAX System Manager (WSM)
WSM provides the management environment for the operator to operate and maintain ACR
and RAS.
Home Agent (HA)
HA accesses other networks or private networks and enables Mobile IP (MIP) users to
access internet. HA interworks with ACR that performs Foreign Agent (FA) function for
Mobile IPv4 and interworks with MS to exchange data for Mobile IPv6.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server
The DHCP server allocates IP addresses to simple IP users. When an MS requests an IP
address to be allocated, the DHCP server allocates an IP address by interacting with the
ACR that functions as a DHCP relay agent and sends it to the ACR.
Authorization, Authentication and Accounting (AAA) Server
AAA server interfaces with ACR and carries out subscriber authentication and accounting
functions. The AAA server interfaces with ACR via Diameter/RADIUS protocol and
provides Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) certification.
Policy & Charging Rules Function (PCRF) Server
The PCRF server is the server that manages the service policy and interfaces with ACR via
Diameter protocol. The PCRF server sends QoS setting information for each user session
and accounting rule information to ACR.
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1.4 Mobile WiMAX System Functions
The figure below shows the functions of the ASN systems (ACR and RAS) based on
Profile C.
Each block name complies with the standard of Mobile WiMAX NWG.
ASN
ASN-GW (ACR)
MIP FA
PMIP client
Paging Controller
Authenticator
IP Packet Forwarding
Location Register
Key Distributor
Header Compression
SFA
Packet Classification
AAA Client
DHCP relay agent
Context Function
Handover Function
(Handover Relay)
R6
BS (RAS)
Context Function
Key Receiver
ARQ Operation
Handover Function
(Handover Control)
RRC & RRA
MAC PDU
SFM
(Admission Control)
Encapsulation/PHY
Figure 1.2 Configuration of Mobile WiMAX System Functions (Based on Profile C)
The ACR supports the Convergence Sublayer (CS) and performs the packet classification
and Packet Header Suppression (PHS) functions. When the ACR carries out the header
compression function, it supports ROHC defined in the NWG standard.
In addition, the ACR performs the paging controller and location register functions for a
MS in Idle Mode.
In authentication, the ACR performs the authenticator function and carries out the key
distributor function to manage the higher security key by interworking with the AAA server
as an AAA client. At this time, RAS performs the key receiver function to receive the
security key from the key distributor and manage it.
The ACR interworks with the AAA server of CSN for authentication and charging services
and with the HA of CSN for Mobile IP (MIP) service. The ACR as FA of MIP supports
Proxy MIP (PMIP).
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The RAS performs the Service Flow Management (SFM) function to create/change/release
connections for each Service Flow (SF) and the admission control function while
creating/changing connections. In regard to the SFM function of the RAS, the ACR carries
out the SF Authentication (SFA) and SFID management functions. The ACR carries out the
SFA function to obtain the QoS information from Policy Function (PF) and apply it in the
SF creation and performs the SFID management function to create/change/release SFID
and map SF according to the packet classification.
In handover, the RAS performs the handover control function to determine the execution of
the handover and deal with corresponding handover signaling. The ACR confirms the
neighbor BS list and relays the handover signaling message to the target system.
At this time, the ACR and the RAS carries out the context function to exchange the context
information between the target system and the serving system.
The RAS provides admission control to collect/manage the MS's radio resource
information and the RAS's own radio resource information (e.g., BSID). When load
balancing is required based on admission control results, it performs resource management
through FA overriding and BS init HO (Handover).
ASN System Function
For the detailed description about the RAS functions, refer to Chapter 2 of this
system description. For the description about the ACR functions, refer to the
system description for ACR provided by Samsung.
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description
CHAPTER 2. Overview of Outdoor
SPI-2210
2.1 Introduction to Outdoor SPI-2210
The outdoor SPI-2210, RAS of Mobile WiMAX, is controlled by ACR and connects
Mobile WiMAX calls to MS.
The outdoor SPI-2210 interfaces with MS via a wireless channel observing the Mobile
WiMAX standard (IEEE 802.16) and provides high-speed data service and multimedia
service in wireless broadband.
To this end, the outdoor SPI-2210 provides the following functions:
modulation/demodulation of packet traffic signal, scheduling and radio bandwidth
allocation to manage air resources efficiently and ensure Quality of Service (QoS),
Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) processing, ranging function, connection control function
to transmit the information on the outdoor SPI-2210 and set/hold/disconnect the packet call
connection, handover control and ACR interface function and system operation
management function.
The outdoor SPI-2210 interfaces with ACR in one way of Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet
and can exchange various control signals and traffic signals stably.
The outdoor SPI-2210 is installed in the outdoor environment and managed in the omni or
sector method according to the property of the installed area. In addition, the outdoor SPI2210 supports the capacity of the maximum 3Carrier/3Sector and MIMO only with the
basic cabinet.
The characteristics of the outdoor SPI-2210 are as follows:
Application of the OFDMA Method
OFDMA is used to transmit data to several users simultaneously by using the sub-carrier
allocated to each user and transmit data by allocating one or more sub-carriers to a specific
subscriber according to the channel status and the transmission rate requested by a user.
In addition, since it can select the sub-carriers with excellent features for each subscriber
and allocate them to the subscribers when some subscribers divide and use the whole subcarrier, it can raise the data throughput by distributing the resources efficiently.
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Support of Broadband Channel Bandwidth
The outdoor SPI-2210 supports wide bandwidth of 5/10 MHz per carrier and high-speed
and high capacity packet service.
Support of 3Carrier/3Sector
The outdoor SPI-2210 can support 3Carrier/3Sector by the basic cabinet.
Support of MIMO
The outdoor SPI-2210 basically supports MIMO of 2Tx/2Rx RF path. There are methods
of MIMO as follows;

Downlink
 Space Time Coding (STC): method for raising reliability of link
 Spatial Multiplexing (SM): method for raising data transmission rate

Uplink
Collaborative SM (CSM): Doubled frequency efficiency
Support of Frequency Reuse Pattern (FRP)
The outdoor SPI-2210 supports FRP N=1 that provides the service to 3-sector by using a
carrier and FRP N=3 that provides the service to 3-sector by using different carriers.
A service provider can efficiently operate its own frequency resources by using the FRP
function.
Support of 4-Branch Rx Diversity (Optional)
The outdoor SPI-2210 supports 4-branch Rx diversity providing four Rx paths to each
sector to raise the Rx performance. In the outdoor SPI-2210, Mobile WiMAX base station
RF Receiver (MRR), an Rx module, should be additionally mounted to support 4-branch
Rx diversity.
Support of Various Frequency Allocation
The outdoor SPI-2210 supports various frequency allocation methods such as contiguous
carrier, noncontiguous carrier, FRP N=1 or FRP N=3. The outdoor SPI-2210 can apply RF
combiner optionally to such frequency allocation methods.
Support of Beamforming (Option)
The outdoor SPI-2210 is designed as the structure to support beamforming later.
The outdoor SPI-2210 mitigates the interference efficiently by uplink and downlink
beamforming to raises the average capacity and expand the data coverage. Also the outdoor
SPI-2210 needs the process to calibrate the reciprocity between uplink channel and
downlink channel.
Schedule to Provide the System Feature
For the schedule to provide the features described in this system description, see
separate document.
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2.2 Main Functions
The main functions of the outdoor SPI-2210 are as follows:

Physical layer processing function

Call processing function

IP processing function

Auxiliary device interface function

Convenient operation and maintenance function

Function of supporting the outdoor environment
2.2.1 Physical Layer Processing Function
OFDMA Ranging
The ranging supported by the OFDMA system is roughly divided by the uplink timing
synchronization method and the contention based bandwidth request method.

Uplink Timing Synchronization
In the uplink timing synchronization method, the outdoor SPI-2210 detects the timing
error of the uplink signal by using the ranging code transmitted from MS and transmits
the timing correction command to each MS to correct the transmission timing of the
uplink. The uplink timing synchronization method has initial ranging, periodic ranging,
handover ranging, etc.

Contention Based Bandwidth Request
In the contention based bandwidth request method, the outdoor SPI-2210 receives the
bandwidth request ranging code from each MS and allocates uplink resources to the
corresponding MS to enable to transmit the bandwidth request header.
The contention based bandwidth request method has bandwidth request ranging or
something.
Channel Encoding/Decoding
The outdoor SPI-2210 carries out the Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding for the
downlink packet created in the upper layer by using Convolutional Turbo Code (CTC).
On the contrary, it decodes the uplink packet received from the MS after demodulating.
Modulation/Demodulation
The outdoor SPI-2210 carries out the FEC encoding for the downlink packet created in the
upper layer and modulates the encoded packet into the QAM signal. In addition, the
outdoor SPI-2210 demodulates and decodes the uplink packet received from MS.
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OFDMA Sub-carrier Allocation
The subchannelization is the process to tie the sub-carriers of OFDMA as a transmission
unit after grouping them by a certain rule. The outdoor SPI-2210 performs the
subchannelization to mitigate the interference between cells.
The outdoor SPI-2210 maps the column of the modulated downlink QAM symbol structure
with each sub-carrier and carries out the subchannelization when the column of the QAM
symbol structure is transmitted to the MS over the wireless line.
In such way, the outdoor SPI-2210 transmits the column of the QAM symbol structure to
the MS via the sub-carriers pertained to each subchannel.
DL/UL MAP Construction
The outdoor SPI-2210 informs the air resources for the uplink and the downlink to the MS
by using DL/UL MAP. The DL/UL MAP consists of the scheduling information of the
outdoor SPI-2210 and includes various control information for the MS.
Power Control
The outdoor SPI-2210 carries out the power control function for the uplink signal received
from multiple MSs and then set the power intensity of the uplink signal to a specific level.
The outdoor SPI-2210 transmits the power correction command to each MS and then
makes the MS power intensity be the level required in the outdoor SPI-2210 when the MS
transmits the modulated uplink signal in a specific QAM modulation method.
Hybrid-ARQ (H-ARQ) Operation
H-ARQ is the physical layer retransmission method using the stop-and-wait protocol.
The outdoor SPI-2210 carries out the H-ARQ function and raises data throughput by retransmitting or combining the frame from the physical layer to minimize the effect
attending to the change of wireless channel environment or the change in the interference
signal level.
MIMO
The outdoor SPI-2210 provides the MIMO function as follows according to Mobile
WiMAX Wave 2 Profile:

Downlink
 Matrix A (STC)
Transmission ratio of the Matrix A or (STC) is 1 and equal to that of Single Input
Single Output (SISO). However The Matrix A or the STC reduces the error of the
signal received from the MS by raising the stability of the signal received from the
MS by means of the Tx diversity. This technology is, also, effective in low Signal
to Noise Ratio (SNR) and provides excellent performance even when the MS
moves in high speed.
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 Matrix B (SM, vertical encoding)
Matrix B or SM method raises the effectiveness of the frequency by raising the
transmission ratio in proportion to the number of antenna in comparison with SISO.
This technology is effective when the reception SNR is high.

Uplink
 Collaborative SM (CSM)
CSM is the technology that doubles the frequency efficiency in view of the outdoor
SPI-2210 as two MSs with each individual antenna send data simultaneously by
using the same channel.
Beamforming
The outdoor SPI-2210 can carry out the following beamforming function later according to
Mobile WiMAX Wave 2 Profile: For the beamforming, the outdoor SPI-2210 is designed
on the basis of 4Tx and 4Rx.

Downlink
DL dedicated pilots for Partial Usage of Subchannels (PUSC) and B-AMC (2  3)

Uplink
 UL sounding channel (type A) with decimation and cyclic shift
 UL PUSC and B-AMC (2  3)
The beamforming operation method following the Wave 2 Profile is as follows:
1)
2)
3)
If an MS in a specific area transmits the sounding signal to the outdoor SPI-2210, the
outdoor SPI-2210 analyzes this signal.
The outdoor SPI-2210 estimates an appropriate beamforming coefficient on the basis
of the result analyzed in step 1).
The outdoor SPI-2210 carries out the beamforming for the uplink and the downlink.
Since the uplink and downlink channels have the high correlation in TDD method, the
beamforming can be supported.
2.2.2 Call Processing Function
Cell Initialization Function
The outdoor SPI-2210 announces the MAC Management message such as DCD/UCD/
MOB_NBR-ADV to the cell area in service periodically to enable the MS receiving the
message to carry out the appropriate call processing function.
Call Control and Wireless Resource Allocation Function
The outdoor SPI-2210 enables an MS to enter to or exit from the network. When an MS
enters to or exit from the network, the outdoor SPI-2210 transmits/receives the signaling
message required for call processing via R1 interface with the MS or R6 interface with
ACR.
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The outdoor SPI-2210 allocates various management/transport Connection Identifier (CID)
required for the network entry and service to a MS. When the MS exit from the network,
the outdoor SPI-2210 collects and release the allocated CID.
Handover
The outdoor SPI-2210 carries out the signaling and bearer processing for inter-sector HO
(Handover), inter-ACR HO and inter-carrier HO. At this time, ACR relays the handover
message between serving RAS and target RAS through the R6 interface.
To minimize the traffic disconnection in inter-RAS HO, the outdoor SPI-2210 performs the
data switching function. In handover, the outdoor SPI-2210 enables the serving RAS to
switch the user data in queuing to the target RAS and, therefore, the MS to recover the
traffic without loss.
Handover Procedure
For the detailed handover procedure, refer to Chapter 4 ‘Message Flow’.
Support of Sleep Mode
Sleep mode is the mode defined to save the MS power under IEEE 802.16 standard and
indicates the status that air resources allocated to an MS are released when the MS does not
need traffic reception/transmission temporarily. If the MS in Sleep Mode needs the traffic
reception/transmission, the MS returns to the normal status immediately.
Both Idle Mode and Sleep Mode are modes to save the MS power. The Idle Mode release
all service flows allocated to an MS, while the Sleep Mode releases only the air resources
between the MS and RAS temporarily, continuously keeping the service flow information
allocated to the MS.
The outdoor SPI-2210 carries out the related call processing function by receiving/sending
the signaling message required for the MS's status transition into Sleep Mode and the MS
return from the Sleep Mode to Awake Mode.
Admission Control (AC) Function
If the outdoor SPI-2210 receives the call setup request, such as network entry, Quick
Connection Setup (QCS) and handover, from an MS, it monitors the traffic and signaling
load for each subcell and the number of user in Active/Sleep Mode and performs the AC
function to prevent the system overload.
AC can be roughly divided into AC by MS and AC by service flow.

AC by MS
If the number of users who the subcell is in Active/Sleep Mode exceeds the threshold
when the outdoor SPI-2210 receives the call setup request from an MS, it rejects the
call setup request of the MS.

AC by service flow
When service flow is added, the outdoor SPI-2210 checks if the air resources of the
requested subcell exceed the threshold and determines the creation of the service
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MAC ARQ Function
The outdoor SPI-2210 carries out the ARQ function of the MAC layer. In packet data
exchange, the transmission side transmits ARQ block which SDU is divided into, and
retransmits the packet according to the ARQ feedback information received from the
reception side to raise the reliability of data communication.
The outdoor SPI-2210 carries out the following function for the service flows applying
ARQ:

MAC Management creation and transmission concerned with ARQ operation

Feedback processing depending on ARQ types

Block processing (fragmentation/reassemble/retransmission) depending on ARQ types

ARQ timer/window management
QoS Support Function
The packet traffic exchanged between ACR and Outdoor SPI-2210 is delivered to the
modem in the outdoor SPI-2210. At this time, the outdoor SPI-2210 allocates the queue in
the modem to each service flow that QoS type is specified to observe the QoS constraint
given for each QoS class or service flow and performs the strict-priority scheduling
according to the priority.
The modem that receives the packet traffic performs the scheduling by using the
uplink/downlink algorithm, such as Proportional Fair (PF) or Round Robin (RR) and
transmits the scheduled allocation information to an MS through DL/UL MAP.
The MS receiving the DL/UL MAP checks the air resources allocated to the MS and
modulates/demodulates the downlink packet or transmits the uplink packet from the
allocated uplink area.
Since the outdoor SPI-2210 provides the QoS monitoring function, it can compile statistics
on packets unsatisfying the latency requested from the QoS parameter according to TDD
frames and report the statistics to an operator via the OAM interface.
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2.2.3 IP Processing Functions
IP QoS Function
Since the outdoor SPI-2210 supports Differentiated Services (DiffServ), it can provide the
backhaul QoS in the communication with ACR.
It supports 8-class DiffServ and supports the mapping between the DiffServ service class
and the service class of the user traffic received from an MS. In addition, the outdoor SPI2210 supports between Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) and 802.3 Ethernet
MAC service class.
Simultaneous Support of IPv4/IPv6
ACR communicates with the outdoor SPI-2210 through the GRE tunnel and the backhaul
IP version between the outdoor SPI-2210 and ACR is managed independently from the
service IP version for the MS.
Even if, therefore, IPv4 is used in backhaul between the outdoor SPI-2210 and ACR, all of
IPv4, IPv6 and IPv4/IPv6 dual stack services can be supported.
RAS
Gateway
IPv6 Network
Gateway
IPv4 Network
Dual Stack Processing
Core Network
Access Network
ACR
Dual Stack MS
(IPv4/IPv6)
IPv4
IPv6
Figure 2.1 IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack Operation
IP Routing Function
Since the outdoor SPI-2210 provides several Ethernet interfaces, it stores the routing table
with the information on the Ethernet interface to route IP packets. The routing table of the
outdoor SPI-2210 is configured depending on operator’s setting and the configuration and
the setting of the routing table are similar to the standard setting of the router.
The outdoor SPI-2210 supports the static routing configuration only and not the router
function for the traffic received from the outside. When the outdoor SPI-2210 connects an
auxiliary device, it supports the IP packet routing function for the auxiliary device by using
Network Address Translation (NAT).
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Ethernet/VLAN Interface Function
The outdoor SPI-2210 provides the Ethernet interface and supports the static link grouping
function, Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) function and Ethernet CoS function under
IEEE 802.3ad for the Ethernet interface. At this time, the MAC bridge function defined in
IEEE 802.1D is excluded.
The outdoor SPI-2210 enables several VLAN IDs to be set in one Ethernet interface and
maps the DSCP value of IP header with the CoS value of Ethernet header in Tx packet to
support Ethernet CoS.
2.2.4 Auxiliary Device Interface Function
The outdoor SPI-2210 can support better performance service and convenience by
supporting various auxiliary devices.
Wireless Backhaul Interface
Auxiliary device part of the outdoor SPI-2210 can mount a wireless backhaul device
provided by a service provider. The outdoor SPI-2210 supplies the power to the wireless
backhaul device.
When the server that manages the wireless backhaul device exist, the outdoor SPI-2210
supports the User Define Ethernet (UDE) port to provide path for maintenance traffic
between that server and wireless backhaul device.
UDA Support
The outdoor SPI-2210 receives or sends alarm history from/to outside through UDA.
The outdoor SPI-2210 provides a total of 24 UDA Rx ports and 10 UDA Tx ports.
The outdoor SPI-2210 provides UDA Tx 1 port to AICU for interoperation with TTLNA.
When subcell output of RAS is blocked by an operator command for the TTLNA receiver
test, the UDA informs the AICU that TTLNA becomes Rx only mode.
An operator uses UDA control commands to expand UDA ports, name UDA ports, and
transmit UDA Tx signals.
Auxiliary Device Interface
The outdoor SPI-2210 provides the Ethernet interface to connect auxiliary devices such as
TTLNA and allocates IP addresses by operating as a DHCP server for the auxiliary devices.
In addition, the outdoor SPI-2210 provides the traffic path to transmit/receive the
maintenance traffic between an auxiliary device and the remote auxiliary device
monitoring server.
If the auxiliary device uses a private IP address, the outdoor SPI-2210 carries out the NAT
function to change the address into a public IP address (i.e., the IP address of the outdoor
SPI-2210) for the communication with an external monitoring server.
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2.2.5 Maintenance Function
The outdoor SPI-2210 interworking with the management system carries out the following
maintenance functions: system initialization and restart, management for system
configuration, management for the operation parameters, failure and status management for
system resources and services, statistics management for system resources and various
performance data, diagnosis management for system resources and services and security
management for system access and operation.
Graphic and Text-based Console Interface
WSM manages the entire Mobile WiMAX system by using Database Management System
(DBMS) and Outdoor SPI-2210 interworks with this WSM. Moreover, the outdoor SPI2210 interoperates with the console terminal so that the operator can connect to an NE
directly without using the WSM to perform the operational and maintenance functions.
For operator’s convenience and working purpose, the operator can select graphic-based
console interface (Web-based Element Maintenance Terminal, Web-EMT) or text-based
console interface (Integrated Management Interface Shell, IMISH).
The operator can access the console interface with no separate software and log in to WebEMT through Internet Explore and IMISH through Secure Shell (SSH) on the command
window.
The operator can carry out the retrieval and setup of the configuration and the operation
information and monitoring about faults, status and statistics via consol terminal.
However, the operator can carry out grow/degrow of resources and setting of the neighbor
list and paging group which have correlation between several NEs only via the WSM.
Operator Authentication Function
The outdoor SPI-2210 provides the authentication and the permission management
functions for the operator who manages the Mobile WiMAX system. The operator accesses
the outdoor SPI-2210 by using the operator’s ID and password via Web-EMT or IMISH
and the outdoor SPI-2210 assigns the operation right in accordance with the operator’s
level.
The outdoor SPI-2210 carries out the logging function for successful access, access failure
and login history.
Maintenance Function with Enhanced Security Function
For the security, the outdoor SPI-2210 supports Simple Network Management Protocol
version 3 (SNMPv3) and SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) in the communication with
WSM and Hyper Text Transfer Protocol over SSL (HTTPs) and Secure Shell (SSH) in the
communication with console terminals.
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On-line Software Upgrade
When a software package is upgraded, the outdoor SPI-2210 can upgrade the package
while running old version of software package. The package upgrade is progressed in the
following procedure: ‘Add New Package  Change to New package  Delete Old
Package’.
In package upgrade, the service is stopped temporarily because the old process is
terminated and the new process is started in the ‘Change to New package’ stage.
However, since OS is not restarted, the service will be provided again within a few minutes.
After upgrading software, the outdoor SPI-2210 updates the package stored in a nonvolatile storage.
In addition, the outdoor SPI-2210 can re-perform the ‘Change to New package’ stage to
roll back into the previous package before upgrade.
Call Trace Function
The outdoor SPI-2210 supports the call trace function for a specific MS. The outdoor SPI2210 can carry out the call trace function up to 10 MSs. If a call occurs in the MS that an
operator previously specified via ACR, the signaling message and statistical traffic data are
transmitted to WSM. Besides, the outdoor SPI-2210, also, sends the RF environment
information, such as Carrier-to-Interference-and-Noise-Ratio (CINR) for MS, Modulation
and Coding Schemes (MCS) level and Burst Error Rate (BER).
Detailed Information for Each Session and Service Flow (PSMR/PSFMR)
The Mobile WiMAX system of Samsung collects and stores detailed information of all
sessions (Per Session Measurement Record, PSMR) and detailed information of all service
flows (Per Service Flow Measurement Record, PSFMR) to provide it to an external log
server. When a session or service flow is created, the Mobile WiMAX system starts to
collect relevant information, and when the session or service flow terminates, the system
creates and stores a message in a file so that the external log server can collect the message.
The information collected by the ACR includes session termination time, initial and final
handover information (handover types, cell information), and the MAC address and IP
address allocated to the MS. The outdoor SPI-2210 collects such information as MS MAC
addresses, continued session time, continued service flow time, turnaround time for
network entry, CID, SFID, initial and final wireless quality information (RSSI, CINR, Tx
power), and throughput information.
The ACR deliver the information collected by ACR to the outdoor SPI-2210, and the
outdoor SPI-2210 creates and stores a file for each period.
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Threshold Cross Alert (TCA) Control
The outdoor SPI-2210 defines under/over threshold for statistics. When a statistical value
collected at Bucket Interval (15, 30, and 60 minutes) is lower than the under threshold, it
generates an under TCA alarm. When the value is higher than the over threshold, it
generates an over TCA alarm. The alarms are reported to the WSM. TCA can enable or
disable details of each statistical group and set a threshold per severity.
IEEE 802.3ah
The outdoor SPI-2210 provides IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet OAM for a backhaul interface.
Although IEEE 802.3ah OAM pertains the PHY layer, it is located in the MAC layer so
that it can be applied to all IEEE 802.3 PHYs. It creates or processes 802.3ah OAM frames
according to the functions defined in the specification.
Ethernet OAM continuously monitors the connection between links at each end, and also
monitors discovery, remote loopback, and error packets which deliver important link events
such as Dying Gasp. It also includes a link monitoring function which delivers event
notification in the event of threshold errors, and a variable retrieval function for 802.3ah
standard MIB.
The outdoor SPI-2210 supports 802.3ah Ethernet OAM passive mode such as responding
to 802.3ah OAM which is triggered in external active mode entities and loopback mode
operation, and sending event notification.
Integrity Check
The outdoor SPI-2210 proactively checks whether system configuration or operation
information (PLD) is in compliance with operator commands during system loading or
operation, and also checks whether system settings are OK and there is no problem with
call processing. If the result is not OK, it sends an alarm to the operator. That is, it checks
whether system configuration meets the minimum configuration conditions for call
processing or whether all operation information consists of valid values within an
appropriate range. The result is reported to the operator to help with correction of errors.
OAM Traffic Throttling
The outdoor SPI-2210 provides a function that suppresses OAM related traffic which can
occur in the system depending on the operator command. The OAM related traffic includes
fault trap messages for alarm reports and statistics files that are created periodically.
In a fault trap, the operator can use an alarm inhibition command to suppress alarm
generation for all or some of system fault traps. This helps control alarm traffic.
In a statistics file, the operator can use commands for statistics collection configuration to
control the size of statistics file by disabling collection functions of each statistics group.
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Throughput Test
The outdoor SPI-2210 provides a throughput test for the backhaul to the ACR. The outdoor
SPI-2210 supports a server and client function for throughput tests.
The operator can set up target IP addresses, test duration, and bandwidths for throughput
tests, and check throughput and loss as test results. However, as the throughput test affects
system performance and call services, it is recommended not to perform the test during inservice.
System Log Control
The outdoor SPI-2210 provides a log and log control function per application.
An application log can be created by an operator command or its debug level can be set.
The operator can usually keep the log function disabled, and when the log function is
necessary, he can change the debug level (Very Calm, Calm, Normal, Detail, Very Detail)
to enable logging and log save functions.
However, enabling log functions for many applications while the outdoor SPI-2210 is
running may affect the system performance.
Disabling Zero Code Suppression (ZCS)
The outdoor SPI-2210 collects statistics data and generates statistics files periodically.
The WSM collects these statistics files. A statistics file is composed of the header used to
indicate a statistics group and its detailed index (for example, a specific carrier, sector, CPU,
port, etc.) and the statistics data for that index.
In a statistics period, the statistics data for a specific index can become zero in a statistics
file in the following cases:

When the index does not actually exist in the configuration.

When the index exists in the configuration but its statistics data collected during that
period is zero.
Therefore, the Disabling ZCS function, which sets the zero data flag in the sub index
header, is provided to recognize the two cases separately.
2.2.6 Function of Supporting the Outdoor Environment
The outdoor SPI-2210 controls the temperature inside the system, collects and reports the
environmental alarms to operate normally in the outdoor environment. Thus, the outdoor
SPI-2210 can operate in the outdoor environment without any special equipment.
Especially, the outdoor SPI-2210 has the structure of the Direct Air Cooling System
(DACS) which consists of the membrane filter and the Heater and Damper Module (HDM),
and it supports the outdoor environment with low power consumption by optimizing the air
flow.
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2.3 Specifications
Capacity
The capacity of the outdoor SPI-2210 is as follows:
Category
System Capacity
Channel Bandwidth
5MHz/10 MHz
RF Band
- 2496MHz ~ 2596MHz (BW: 100MHz)
- 2642MHz ~ 2672MHz (BW: 30MHz)
- 2624MHz ~ 2690MHz(BW: 66MHz)
Maximum Number of Carriers/Sectors
3Carrier/3Sector
Interface between ACR-SPI-2210
Select one of Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
FFT size/Carrier/sector
512/1,024
Channel Card Capacity
1Carrier/1Sector
Rx Diversity
4-branch Rx Diversity (option)
MIMO
MIMO (2Tx/2Rx)
BF
4 path BF (option)
Output
Antenna Port-based
- 5 W/Carrier/Path @ 5 MHz
- 10 W/Carrier/Path @ 10 MHz
Input Power
The table below lists the power standard for the outdoor SPI-2210. The outdoor SPI-2210
satisfies the electrical safety standard prescribed in UL60950.
Category
Standard
System Input Voltage
-48 VDC (Voltage Variation Range: -40~-56 VDC)
Heater Input Voltage
240 VAC (Volt fluctuation range: +/- 10%)
System Input Voltage
If the system input voltage that the service provider wants is AC, it can be
supplied via a separate external rectifier.
Cabinet Size and Weight
The table below lists the cabinet size and weight of the outdoor SPI-2210. The cabinet
height includes the foot part of the cabinet.
Category
Cabinet (SMOR) size (mm)
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
Standard
1,828 (H)  900 (W)  762 (D)
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Cabinet Weight (kg)
About 410 or less
Environmental Condition
The table below lists the environmental conditions and related standards such as
operational temperature and humidity.
Category
Range
a)
Applied Standard
Temperature Condition
-40~50°C (-40~122°F)
GR-487-CORE Sec. 3.26
Humidity Conditiona)
5~95%
GR-487-CORE Sec.3.34.2
However, the vapor content for air
of 1 kg should not exceed 0.024 kg.
Altitude
-60~1,800 m (-197~6,000 ft)
GR-63-CORE Sec.4.1.3
Earthquake
Zone 4
GR-63-CORE Sec.4.4.1
Vibration
Commercial Transportation Curve 2
GR-63-CORE Sec.4.4.4
Noise
Under 65 dBA in distance of 1.5 m
GR-487-CORE Sec.3.29
(sound pressure level)
(5 ft) and height of 1.0 m (3 ft).
Electromagnetic Wave
Standard satisfied
FCC Title47 Part 15 Class B
(EMI)
GR-1089-CORE Sec. 3.2
US Federal Regulation
a)
Standard satisfied
FCC Title47 Part27
The standards of temperature/humidity conditions are based on the value on the position where is 400 mm
(15.8 in.) away from the front of the system and in the height of 1.5 m (59 in.) on the bottom.
Environmental Alarm
The table below lists the environmental alarm provided in the outdoor SPI-2210 in default.
For the details on the environmental alarm, refer to the specific items.
Category
Description
UCM Status
Universal Control Module (UCM) Fail Report
Temperature Alarm
High Temperature
Fan Fail
- DMB (Digital Main Block) Fan Fail
- RFB (RF Block) Fan Fail
Others
Flood, Fire, Door open, etc.
Details
For the details, refer to ‘3.2.5 UCM’.
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GPSR Specification
The table below lists the GPS Receiver (GPSR) characteristics of Outdoor SPI-2210.
Category
Description
Received Signal from GPS
1PPS, ToD
Reference signal
8 kHz
Accuracy/Stability
0.01 ppm
RF Specification
The table below lists the RF characteristics of the outdoor SPI-2210.
Category
Description
Tx Output Power
20 W @avg power (MIMO) per carrier/sector
Tx Constellation error
802.16 standard is observed.
RX Sensitivity
802.16 standard is observed.
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2.4 System Configuration
The outdoor SPI-2210 consists of the following cabinet.

Samsung Mobile WiMAX base station Outdoor Rack (SMOR)
Bias-T & Arrestor
RFB
FAN-POR
FAN-POR
FAN-POR
Membrane
Filter
RFB
HDM-R
AICU
FAN-POD
PDP-PO
DMB
HDM-D
UCM
IO Inlet
Membrane
Filter
Auxiliary Device Part
Power Filter
RFB
HDM-R
RF Block
Heater and Damper Module-RFB
FAN-POR
AICU
PDP-PO
FAN-POD
DMB
HDM-D
UCM
Fan module-Premium Outdoor RFB
Antenna Interface Control Unit
Power Distribution Panel-Premium Outdoor
Fan module-Premium Outdoor DMB
Digital Main Block
Heater and Damper Module-DMB
Universal Control Module
Figure 2.2 SMOR Configuration
The outdoor SPI-2210 provides up to 3Carrier/3Sector capacities and basically supports
MIMO, which is 802.16 Wave 2 standard. The outdoor SPI-2210 can support 4-branch Rx
diversity only with the basic cabinet (SMOR).
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2.5 Interface between Systems
2.5.1 Interface Structure
The outdoor SPI-2210 interfaces with another RAS and ACR as shown in the figure below:
AAA
PCRF
HA
DHCP
CSN
SNMP,
SFTP
R3(Diameter/RADIUS, MIP, DHCP)
ASN
WSM
ACR
ACR
R4
R6
R6
Outdoor
SPI-2210
R8
RAS
RAS
R1(802.16)
MS
Figure 2.3 Structure of Outdoor SPI-2210 Interface
Interface between Outdoor SPI-2210 and MS
The outdoor SPI-2210 interfaces with an MS according to the IEEE 802.16 radio access
standard to exchange the control signal and the subscriber traffic.
Interface between Outdoor SPI-2210 and ACR
The interface between an ACR and the outdoor SPI-2210 in the same ASN is R6 and its
physical access method is GE/FE. The R6 is the interface between ACR and RAS defined
in Mobile WiMAX NWG and is composed of signaling plane (IP/UDP/R6) and bearer
plane (IP/GRE).
Interface between Outdoor SPI-2210 and WSM
The interface between the outdoor SPI-2210 and the WSM complies with SNMPv2c or
SNMPv3c of IETF standard, SFTP and Samsung’s proprietary standard and its physical
access method is GE/FE.
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2.5.2 Protocol Stack
Protocol Stack between NEs
The figure below shows the protocol stack between NEs.
802.16
MAC
802.16
MAC
802.16
PHY
802.16
16
PHY
PHY
MS
R6
GRE
(R6)
UDP
R6
GRE
(R6)
L2
UDP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L1
L1
L1
RAS
ACR
Figure 2.4 Protocol Stack between NEs
The outdoor SPI-2210 interworks with MSs via R1 interface according to IEEE 802.16
standard and the interface between the outdoor SPI-2210 and ACR is R6 interface. The R6
signaling interface is executed on UDP/IP and the R6 traffic interface uses the GRE tunnel.
Protocol Stack for Operation and Maintenance
RAS
WSM
Application
FTP
Application
SNMP
SNMP
SSH
FTP
SSH
UDP
UDP
TCP
TCP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L1
L1
Figure 2.5 Protocol Stack between Outdoor SPI-2210 and WSM
The ACR interworks with WSM in IP/UDP-based SNMP method to carry out the operation
and maintenance functions. In particular, the outdoor SPI-2210 interworks with WSM in
IP/TCP-based SFTP (FTP over SSH) method to collect the statistical data periodically,
initialize & restart the system and download software.
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2.5.3 Physical Interface Operation Method
ASN Interface
The outdoor SPI-2210 provides Ethernet interface as an ASN interface and can select the
type of interfaces depending on the network configuration. At this time, more than one
types of interfaces cannot be operated simultaneously. The number of interfaces can be
optionally managed depending on the capacity and the required bandwidth of the outdoor
SPI-2210.
The types of interfaces are as follows:
Interface Type
Ethernet
Number of Ports per
Number of Ports per
Board
System
100/1000Base-T (RJ-45)
100Base-FX (SFF)
1000Base-X (GBIC)
1000BaseX (SFP)
100/1000Base-T (RJ-45)
(Simultaneous operation)
Ethernet interface operate several links as 802.3ad-based static link aggregation.
Operation and Maintenance Interface
The operation and maintenance interface (interface with WSM) is operated in in-band
method, which shares the common user traffic interface.
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description
CHAPTER 3. Outdoor SPI-2210
Architecture
3.1 System Configuration
The outdoor SPI-2210 is roughly composed of two blocks (DMB and RFB), PDP-PO and
auxiliary device part.
Digital Main Block (DMB)
The DMB operates and maintains the outdoor SPI-2210, enables the outdoor SPI-2210 to
interface with ACR and provides the communication path between processors in the system.
The DMB creates the reference clock, provides the clock to the lower hardware block and
performs the signal processing function for the subscriber signal.
RF Block (RFB)
The RFB is equipped with MRU-2 which integrates transceiver, power amplifier, filter and
TDD switch.
The MRU-2 changes the signal received from an external antenna or MRA-S of the DMB
into RF or baseband signal and transmits to the MRA-S or the external antenna.
When the outdoor SPI-2210 supports 4-branch Rx diversity on a user’s request, Mobile
WiMAX base station RF Receiver (MRR), which is a dedicated Rx module, and Mobile
WiMAX base station Combiner Unit (MCU) to combine noncontiguous carriers in the
frequency band can be mounted on RFB.
Power Distribution Panel-Premium Outdoor (PDP-PO)
The PDP-PO receives DC power via a rectifier composed in a separate cabinet and
distributes the power to each block in the corresponding cabinet. An operator can control
the DC power supply by switching on/off the circuit breaker in the front of the PDP-PO.
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Auxiliary Device Part
The auxiliary device part is a separate space to mount auxiliary modules for the operator’s
convenient network operation. The modules to be mounted on the auxiliary device part are
provided by service provider.
The internal configuration of the outdoor SPI-2210 is as shown in the figure below:
RFB
RF signal
(2Tx/2Rx per Sector)
MCU
#0~2
MRU-2
#0~8
RF signal
MRR #0~2
(2Rx per sector)
Antenna
Samsung Digital I/Q & OAM
DMB
MRA-S
#0~8, R
GPS
GE
Sys./80 msec/Ref.
1PPS
MMA-S (A/B)
GE/FE
GE/FE
ACR
MEI
Data Traffic
Alarm/Control
Samsung Digital I/Q & OAM
Clock
(Traffic/Control/Alarm/Clock)
Figure 3.1 Internal Configuration of Outdoor SPI-2210
According to frequency allocation history and FRP condition of carriers, the MCU can be
mounted between the MRU-2 and an antenna of the outdoor SPI-2210.
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3.2 Detailed Structure
3.2.1 Digital Main Block (DMB)
The DMB operates and maintains the outdoor SPI-2210, is in charge of the interface
between the outdoor SPI-2210 and the router and provides the communication path
between processors in the system. In addition, the DMB creates a clock, provides the clock
to the lower hardware block and performs the channel processing function for the
subscriber signal.
When the outdoor SPI-2210 transmits a signal to an MS, the DMB performs the OFDMA
signal processing for the traffic signal received from the ACR and then converts the signal
via the ‘Samsung Digital I/Q and OAM’ converter to transmit it to RFB. On the contrary, if
the outdoor SPI-2210 receives a signal from an MS, the DMB receives the ‘Samsung
Digital I/Q and OAM’ signal from the RFB, performs the OFDMA signal processing for
the signal and transmits the signal to the ACR.
Main Functions

Creation and distribution of the reference clock

Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet interface with ACR

Fault diagnosis and alarm collection and control

Alarm report

Channel resource management

OFDMA signal processing

Automatic Gain Control (AGC) for the received RF signal and Received Signal
Strength Indicator (RSSI) support
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The DMB is configured as shown in the figure below:
DMB
R R R M
S S S R
V V V A
DMB
M M M M M
M E R R R
A I A A A
- - S
S S S
# # #
A B
3 4 5
Figure 3.2 DMB Configuration
Board
Quantity
Name
(Sheet)
MBB-P
Function
Mobile WiMAX base station Backplane Board-Premium
- DMB backboard
- Signal routing function for traffic, control signal, clock, power, etc.
MMA-S
Max. 2
Mobile WiMAX base station Main control board Assembly-Standard
- Main system processor
- Call processing, resource allocation and OAM
- Reception of the GPS signal and creation and supply of the clock
- Alarm collection and report to the upper
- FE/GE interface support with ACR
- Redundancy support
MRA-S
Max. 10
Mobile WiMAX base station RAS board Assembly-Standard
- Subscriber data traffic processing
- OFDMA Processing
- 1Carrier/1Sector MIMO
- ‘Samsung Digital I/Q and OAM’ data formatting
- N:1 redundancy support only for 1st carrier
MEI
Mobile WiMAX base station External Interface board assembly
- User Defined Alarm (UDA) provided
- User Defined Ethernet (UDE) provided
- Collection of system environmental alarm and rectifier alarm via UCM
- TDD signal support for auxiliary devices
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Mobile WiMAX base station Main control board Assembly-Standard (MMA-S)
The MMA-S carries out the main processor function and the GPS reception function.
The MMA-S has the redundancy configuration for reliability.

Main Processor Function
The MMA-S is the board that carries out the role as the highest layer in the outdoor
SPI-2210 and is equipped with the main processor. The main processor of the MMA-S
performs the functions, such as communication path setting between MS and ACR,
Ethernet switch function in the outdoor SPI-2210, system operation and maintenance
and TDD signal control.
The MMA-S manages the status of all hardware and software in the outdoor SPI-2210
and reports each status information to WSM via ACR. In addition, the MMA-S
allocates and manages the resources of the outdoor SPI-2210 and the connection of the
MMA-S and a PC for the Web-EMT enables to maintain the outdoor SPI-2210 with no
interworking with ACR.
The MMA-S has the redundancy configuration of active/standby to allow the standby
MMA-S to replace the function of the active MMA-S when a fault occurs in the active
MMA-S.

GPS Reception and Clock Distribution Function
The MMA-S is equipped with Universal Core Clock Module (UCCM) for GPS
reception.
The UCCM enables each block of the outdoor SPI-2210 to be operated in the
synchronized clock system. The UCCM mounted on the MMA-S creates the system
clocks [56 MHz, 12.5 Hz (80 msec), PP2S, analog 10 MHz, 61.44 MHz] by using the
reference signal received from a GPS and distributes them to the hardware blocks in
the system. These clocks are used to maintain the internal synchronization of the
outdoor SPI-2210 and operate the system.
If no GPS signal is received due to a fault, the UCCM carries out the holdover
function to provide the normal clock for a certain time as provided in the existing
system. In addition, if a fault occurs in the UCCM of the active MMA-S, the
redundancy status between the UCCMs of the active MMA-S and the standby MMA-S
is switched and then the redundancy status between MMA-Ss is, also, switched
immediately.

Network Interface Function
The MMA-S interfaces with an ACR in Gigabit Ethernet or Fast Ethernet method.
The MMA-S can provide maximum two Gigabit Ethernet ports or four Fast Ethernet
ports per board, and support the link aggregation redundancy method. The MMA-S
can be divided as follows depending on the interface types provided by MMA-S, and
the service provider can choose the interface type.
 MMA-SC: Four 100/1000Base-T Copper ports
 MMA-SF: Four 100Base-FX Small Form factor Fixed (SFF) ports
 MMA-SM: Two 100/1000Base-T ports and two 1000Base-X Small Form factor
Pluggable (SFP) ports
 MMA-SG: Two 1000Base-X Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) ports
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Mobile WiMAX base station RAS board Assembly-Standard (MRA-S)
The MRA-S is equipped with the modem supporting IEEE 802.16 Mobile WiMAX
standard physical layer (PHY) and the modem performs the OFDMA signal processing
function by the control of the MMA-S.
The MRA-S modulates the packet data received through the MMA-S, converts the
modulated signal into the ‘Samsung Digital I/Q and OAM’ format and transmits to the
MRU-2. In the contrary, the MRA-S demodulated the data received from the MRU-2 after
performing the AGC function, converts the data into the format defined in the IEEE 802.16
Mobile WiMAX physical layer standard and then transmits the converted data to the
MMA-S via Ethernet.
The MRA-S supports 1carrier/1sector 2Tx/2Rx MIMO in default and can support 4-branch
Rx diversity.
The MRA-S can support N:1 Redundancy only for 1st carrier to continuously support
service to the corresponding sector if a fault occurs in a certain sector when the outdoor
SPI-2210 serves the service by using a carrier initially.
Mobile WiMAX base station External Interface board assembly (MEI)
MEI collects the environmental alarm and rectifier alarm via UCM in the outdoor SPI-2210,
and provides the path for the alarm information generated in external devices via UDA and
UDE. And MEI reports the alarm information to the MMA-S.
MEI provides the TDD signal for external devices.
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3.2.2 RF Block (RFB)
The RFB is equipped with the MRU-2, which is the integrated RF module, in default and
the MCU for combining between noncontiguous carriers in the same sector according to
the service provider’s frequency operation plan.
Main Functions

High-power amplification of RF transmission signal

Interface for traffic, alarm, control signal and TDD signal by interfacing with the
MRA-S in ‘Samsung Digital I/Q and OAM’ method

Upconversion/downconversion of frequency

Gain control of RF Rx/Tx signal

Rx/Tx RF signal from/to an antenna

Suppression of out-of-band spurious wave emitted from RF Rx/Tx signal

Low noise amplification of band-pass filtered RF Rx signal

TDD switching function for Tx/Rx path

MRU-2 output combining function when various noncontiguous carriers are supported.

Support of additional RF Rx path for 4-branch Rx diversity (optional)
The RFB is configured as follows:
RFB
MCU-0
MCU-1
MCU-2
RFB
RFB
Figure 3.3 RFB Configuration
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Board
Qtty.
Name
(Sheet)
MRU-2
Max. 9
Function
Mobile WiMAX base station RF Unit-20 MHz
- RF upconversion/downconversion
- Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) function
- TDD switch to separate the Tx/Rx path
- MIMO (2Tx/2Rx) RF path
- RF high-power amplification
- Suppression of the spurious waves out-of-band
- 20W (10W x 2Carrier) output from each of two Tx ports (antenna ports)
- Support of 2Carrier/1Sector per MRU-2
- Filter part connected to an antenna
MRR
Max. 2
Mobile WiMAX base station RF Receiver
- Six dedicated Rx paths to support 4-branch Rx diversity
- Support of 2Carrier/3Sector per MRR
- Sharing of the mounted space with MRU-2 slot #6 and #7
- Optional
MCU
Max. 3
Mobile WiMAX RF Combiner Unit
- One sheet of MCU per sector when several noncontiguous carriers
(two or three carriers) are supported
- Combining the MRU-2 output
- MCU-2 (2way) or MCU-3 (3way) is mounted as applicable
Mobile WiMAX base station RF Unit-20 MHz (MRU-2)
The MRU-2 is the integrated RF unit that transceiver, power amplifier, TDD switch and
filter in the existing RAS are integrated into a module and supports the contiguous
bandwidth of 20 MHz. In short, up to two carriers can be supported by the MRU-2 in the
contiguous 10 MHz carrier over the frequency domain.
In addition, the MRU-2 supports 2Tx/2Rx RF path per MRU-2 for the support of MIMO
and transmits 20W(10W x 2carrier) RF power per Tx path.
There are 3 kinds of MRU-2 according to operating frequency and frequency bandwidth.
- MRU-2FH (FH block) : 2642MHz~2672MHz (30MHz)
- MRU-2LB (LBS)
: 2496MHz~2596MHz (100MHz)
- MRU-2UB (UBS)
: 2624MHz~2690MHz(66MHz)
As for the downlink signal, the MRU-2 combines the baseband signal received from the
MRA-S via the ‘Samsung Digital I/Q and OAM’ interface according to sectors/carriers and
then converts it into the analog RF signal through Digital to Analog Conversion (DAC).
This RF signal is transmitted to an antenna through the filter part via the power
amplification process.
As for the uplink signal, the frequency of the signal received through the filter part of the
MRU-2 is down converted by the Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) and converted into the
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baseband signal via the Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC) process. This baseband signal
is transmitted to the MRA-S via the ‘Samsung Digital I/Q and OAM’ interface.
Mobile WiMAX base station RF Receiver (MRR)
On the service provider’s request of 4-branch Rx diversity to enhance the Rx performance
of the system, the 4-branch Rx diversity can be supported by additionally mounting a MRR
to the outdoor SPI-2210.
The MRR is the dedicated RF Rx module to support six Rx paths and can support two Rx
paths per sector. The MRR can serve 2-carrier located within the 72 MHz band for each
module.
If the MRR is provided, the MRR is mounted on MRU-2 slot #6 and #7. The MRR is
provided to service providers optionally.
Mobile WiMAX base station Combiner Unit -2way(MCU-2)
If the outdoor SPI-2210 supports noncontiguous carriers located on the frequency domain
in any sector, the MCU-2 is mounted. MCU-2 outputs two Tx paths combined into one
path
There are 3 kinds of MCU-2 according to combined frequency segments.
- MCU-2A
: 2496~2596MHz(MRU-2LB) + 2624~2690MHz(MRU-2FH or MRU-2UB)
- MCU-2B
: 2625.5~2635.5MHz(MRU-2UB)+2642~2672MHz(MRU-2FH or MRU-2UB)
- MCU-2C
: 2642~2672MHz(MRU-2FH or MRU-2UB)+2678.5~2688.5MHz(MRU-2UB)
MCU-3 (Mobile WiMAX base station Combiner Unit-3way)
If SPI-2210 supports 3 noncontiguous carriers in any sector, MCU-3 is mounted
instead of MCU-2. MCU-3 outputs three Tx paths combined into one path.
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3.2.3 PDP-PO
On the bottom left of the outdoor SPI-2210, the PDP-PO is mounted.
PDP-PO
Figure 3.4 PDP-PO Configuration
Board Name
Quantity
PDP-PO
Function
Power Distribution Panel-Premium Outdoor
PDP-PO receives DC power via a rectifier and distributes it to
each block in a cabinet.
MRU-2/MRR on the RFB, AICU, UCM, and auxiliary device part receive -48 VDC from
the PDP-PO and the UCM branches the supplied power to four fans in the outdoor SPI2210. The PDP-PO supplies the power to each board of DMB via MBB-P and each board
uses -48 VDC supplied after converting into the required power for the corresponding
board.
Antenna Interface Control Unit (AICU)
The AICU is the unit to supply the power and to receive/transmit alarm/control
message to TTLNA (service provider’s optional device). For more detailed
information, refer to section ‘5.1’.
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The PDP-PO is duplicated to supply -48 VDC to the MBB-P via two paths. Each path is
divided into two input power sources, and the power which consists of ORing is supplied
to the boards of the DMB from the input power sources.
The figure below shows the power layout indicating the type of the powers supplied to the
PDP-PO from the cabinet input power source and their connection points:
AC Box
Rectifier
Outdoor SPI-2210
Filter
Filter
Filter
Filter
Filter
PDP-PO
AC
FILTER
UCM
MBB-P
(A)
(A)
Figure 3.5 Power Structure
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3.2.4 Direct Air Cooling System (DACS)
The DACS consists of the membrane filter and HDM, etc, and it controls the temperature
of the system according to the control of the UCM.
DACS Configuration
The DACS is configured as follows:
FAN-POR
FAN-POR
FAN-POR
Membrane
Filter
HDM-R
FAN-POD
HDM-D
Membrane
Filter
Figure 3.6 DACS Configuration
Board Name
FAN-POD
Quantity
Function
Fan module-Premium Outdoor DMB
DMB cooling fan
FAN-POR
Fan module-Premium Outdoor RFB
RFB cooling fan
HDM-R
Heater and Damper Module-RFB
- HDM-R raise the temperature inside the system. (Heater: 2EA)
- Open/close the exhauster of cabinet in the back of RFB
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(Continued)
Board Name
HDM-D
Quantity
Function
Heater and Damper Module-DMB
- HDM-D raise the temperature inside the system. (Heater: 1EA)
- Open/close the exhauster of cabinet in the back of DMB
Membrane Filter
Protect the outdoor SPI-2210 from dust and rain

Membrane filter
The membrane filter enables the cool air to flow into the outdoor SPI-2210 and to
protect the outdoor SPI-2210 from dust and rain.

HDM-R/HDM-D
The HDM consists of the heater and damper. On the outdoor SPI-2210, HDM-R
mounted on the bottom of the RFB and HDM-D mounted on the bottom of DMB are
mounted.
The function of damper and heater is as follows:
 Damper
If the outdoor SPI-2210 is in the cold start or low temperature mode, the damper
blocks the ventilating opening of the cabinet to prevent the outdoor SPI-2210 from
heat loss in case of internal heating and to circulate the air in the inside.

Cold Start & low temperature mode: Damper Close

Normal temperature & high temperature mode: Damper Open
 Heater
The heater enables to raise the temperature inside the system when the temperature
inside the system becomes the permissible level or less when initializing the
system, operating the system. The heater is installed in the DMB and in the RFB,
respectively, in order that the DMB and the RFB can operate normally when the
system is in the low temperature.
The UCM operates the heater according to the temperature inside the system
detected by the temperature sensor mounted inside the outdoor SPI-2210.


Cold Start & low temperature mode: Operating the heater

Normal temperature & high temperature mode: Stopping the heater
Fan
On the outdoor SPI-2210, the fan (FAN-POD) dedicated for the DMB, which
consists of a set of two fans is mounted, and three fans (FAN-POR) dedicated for RFB
are mounted. The FAN-POD and the FAN-POR maintain the temperature inside the
cabinet appropriately in order that the system can operate normally. The UCM controls
the fan according to the temperature inside the system detected by the temperature
sensor mounted inside the outdoor SPI-2210.
 Cold Start & low temperature mode: Operating at low speed
 Normal temperature & high temperature mode: Operating at high speed
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DACS Operation
If the temperature inside the outdoor SPI-2210 becomes the permissible level or less, the
DACS operates the damper of HDM as the closed loop mode to circulate the air inside the
system, and maintains the appropriate temperature inside the system by using the
generation of heat of the system or the heater.
To the contrary, if the temperature inside the outdoor SPI-2210 becomes the permissible
level or more, the DACS operates the damper of HDM as the open loop mode. The open
loop mode enables the cool air outside the system to flow into the inside of the system and
cool the module inside the system, and it also enables the hot air inside the system to be
released out of the system and cool the system.
Fan Operation
If the temperature inside the outdoor SPI-2210 is low, FAN-POD and FAN-POR operate at
low speed by the control of UCM. To the contrary, if the temperature inside the outdoor
SPI-2210 is high, FAN-POD and FAN-POR operate at high speed by the control of UCM.
MCU
FAN
Membrane Filter
MRU
Air Baffle
AICU
Damper Open
Heater Off
FAN
Cool Air Intake
DMB
Membrane Filter
Air Baffle
Damper Open
Heater Off
Auxiliary Device
Figure 3.7 Heat Radiation Structure of the Outdoor SPI-2210
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MCU
FAN
Membrane Filter
MRU
Air Baffle
AICU
Damper Open
Heater On
FAN
DMB
Membrane Filter
Air
Damper Open
Heater On
Auxiliary Device
Figure 3.8 Heating Structure of the Outdoor SPI-2210
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3.2.5 Universal Control Module (UCM) and Sensor
The configuration of the UCM and sensor is as follows.
Lamp
Fire Sensor
Door Sensor
Temperature sensor
(Back of Fan)
Humidity sensor
(Inside UCM)
UCM
Flood sensor
Figure 3.9 UCM and Sensor Configuration
Board Name
Quantity
UCM
Function
Universal Control Module
- Fan control and alarm collection
- Damper close/open control and alarm collection
- Heater control and alarm collection
- Detecting the temperature by the temperature sensor and collecting
the alarms on mounting/dismounting the temperature sensor
- Temperature alarm collection
- Flood/fire alarm collection
- Rectifier alarm collection
- Door Open alarm collection
- Reporting the collected alarms to the MEI
Sensor
Temperature sensor (2), humidity sensor (1), flood sensor (1),
fire sensor (1), door sensor (1)
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The UCM maintains and controls the temperature inside the outdoor SPI-2210, collects and
reports the external environment alarms. The UCM detects the temperature inside the
cabinet by the sensors of the exit of the DMB and the entrance of the RFB, and operates
and controls the fan, the heater and the damper according to this, and if the alarm is
generated, the UCM reports this to the upper part via the MEI. In addition, the UCM
collects the data on the environment in real time by being connected to the environment
monitoring sensor installed inside the cabinet, and if the environmental alarm is generated,
the UCM reports this to the upper part via the MEI.
The UCM also performs the function of monitoring the environment of the rectifier cabinet
according to the RS-485 method.
The UCM turns on the lamp installed in the cabinet when the cabinet door is open by being
connected to the sensor which detects the opening/closed status of the cabinet door.
If the outdoor SPI-2210 is initialized, the rectifier supplies the power only to the UCM and
the DACS, first, to measure the temperature inside the system. If the temperature inside the
system is less or more than the permissible level, the UCM raises or decreases the
temperature by controlling the HDM (HDM-R/D) and fan (FAN-POD/FAN-POR). If the
temperature inside the system becomes normal, the UCM controls the rectifier to supply
the power to other blocks other than the UCM.
AC Filter
PDP-PO
-48 VDC
FAN-POR
Display (LED)
FAN-POD
10Base-T
#0
#1
#2
Ethemet
RS-232
Consol
Rectifier
UCM
RS-485
Sensor
Fire/Humidity/Flood/Door
DMB Temp. Sensor
RFB Temp. Sensor
Lamp Control
HDM(HDM-R/HDM-D)
DU Heater-0
(Heater Alarm)
RF Heater-0
(Heater Alarm)
SSR
Damper
Control
240 VAC
RF Heater-1
(Heater Alarm)
Alarm
Control
Power
Figure 3.10 UCM Configuration Diagram of the Outdoor SPI-2210
Solid State Relay (SSR)
SSR turns the heater on or off by controlling of UCM.
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
3.2.6 I/O Module
The I/O module is configured as shown in the figure below:
a) Ethernet copper backhaul
B R L L L L
L J P P P P
A I M M M M
N M E E E E
10 11
b-1) Ethernet optic backhaul
B R
L J
A I
N M
B O
L C
A I
N M
10 11
b-2) Ethernet optic backhaul
B R O
L J C
A I I
N M M
O L
C P
I M
M E
10 11
Figure 3.11 I/O Module Configuration
Board Name
Quantity
Function
RJIM
RJ-45 IO Module
RJ-45 connector cable termination stiffener (optional item)
LPME
Max. 4
Line Protection Module for Ethernet
100/1000Base-T trunk line protection module
UAIM
User Defined Alarm IO Module
24 Rx/6 Tx UDA alarm port module
FCIM
Form C Interface Module
4 ports Form C interface module
UTIM
UDE and TDD IO Module
UDE (3), TDD (2), fan alarm (1), Temperature sensor (1), Form C
control (1) port
OCIM
Max. 2
Optic Cable IO Module
FE/GE optic trunk cable stiffener
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3.2.7 External Interface Structure
The layout of Outdoor SPI-2210 external interfaces is as shown in the figure below:
MEI
Power
conversion &
Distribution
FE to UDE (UTIM)
TTL to Form C control (FCIM)
LVTTL to TDD Out (UTIM)
Ethernet UCM
Open/Short for UDA (UAIM)
Extemal Alarm
& Control
MMA-S
FE to Consol
RS-232 for Debug port
Main
Processing
From GPS Ant
Clock
Processing
RS-232 for Debug-0
RS-232 for Debug-1
Samsung Digital I/Q and OAM
from/to MRU-2
FE/GE Network
Interface
Baseband
Processing
Samsung
Digital I/Q and
-48 VDC
UCM
Internal
fan/heater
FE from/to AICU
FE or GE from/to ACR
PDP-PO
Environment
Alarm & Ctrl.
TTL to Fan/heater alarm
RS-232 to Debug
RS-485 to Rectifier (RJIM)
TTL to Lamp
TTL to fire/flood/humidity/door open
Analog from temperature sensor
AICU
TTLNA
Power feed/
Alarm & Control
DC Power to TTLNA
Alarm & Control from/to TTLNA
FE from/to MEI
MRU-2
Samsung
Digital I/Q and
OAM path
Samsung Digital I/Q and OAM
from/to MRA-S
RF Processing
6Tx (2Tx x 3Sector) ports to Ant.
6Rx (2Rx x 3Sector) ports from Ant.
RF output monitoring
RS-232 for Debug
MRA-S
6Rx (2Rx x 3Sector) ports
from antenna
Received RF
Processing
MRR
Figure 3.12 External Interfaces of Outdoor SPI-2210
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
The external interfaces provided in the outdoor SPI-2210 are as listed in the table below:
Category
Backhaul
Interface Type
Port Numbers
Connector Type
Simultaneous operation of
1000Base-X: SFP (LC)
1000Base-X and
100/1000Base-Tx: RJ-45
100/100Base-TX
RJ-45
1000Base-X
GBIC (LC)
100Base-FX
SFF (LC)
GPS Antenna
Analog RF
N-type
GPS Splitter
Analog RF
N-type
UDE
10/100Base-TX
RJ-45
Form C
60VDC/5A
Terminal Block
TDD
LVTTL (at MEI)
SMA
LVTTL (at UTIM)
SMA
UDA (6Tx/24Rx)
Open/Short
68Pin Champ
Rectifier Interface
RS-485
RJ-45
TTLNA Control
DC power/TDD/Alarm
SMA
Antenna Interface
Analog (Main Traffic)
Max. 12
100/1000Base-TX
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3.3 Software Structure
3.3.1 Basic Structure
The components of the outdoor SPI-2210 software is shown below: Operating System (OS),
Device Driver (DD), Middleware (MW), Network Processor Software (NPS), IP Routing
Software (IPRS), and application. The application is divided by Call Control (CC) block
for the call processing and the OAM block for operation and maintenance of the outdoor
SPI-2210.
APPLICATION
CC
OAM
MW
IPRS
NPS
OS
DD
Hardware
Figure 3.13 Software Structure of Outdoor SPI-2210
Operating System (OS)
OS initializes and controls the hardware device, and runs the software operation in the
hardware. To operate the software, OS uses the embedded Linux OS, and manages the dual
software processes. Then, OS provides various functions efficiently with limited resources.
Middleware (MW)
MW helps the smooth operation between OS and application under various types of
hardware environment, and to achieve this, MW provides various services: message
delivery service between applications, event notification service, High Availability (HA)
service for duplex managing and data backup, debugging utility services. In addition, the
MW provides the systematic and strong management of the account, the authority and the
authentication function.
Device Driver (DD)
DD manages the normal operation of applications that OS does not control in the system.
DD provides the API for the user processor to setup/control/detect the hardware device.
Also, DD confirms the device configuration by receiving the configuration data from the
upper user processor, and also provides the functions of register manipulation for device
operation, device diagnosis, statistics and status management.
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Network Processor Software (NPS)
NPS manages the innate functions of Network Processor (NP) that mainly processes the
packets, and it connects the upper processor and NP in Board Processor (BP), and provides
the functions of NP message processing, NP statistics data collection and report.
IP Routing Software (IPRS)
IPRS executes the IP routing protocol function. IPRS collects and manages the system
configuration and status data necessary for IP routing operation, and based on the data,
it generates the routing table via the routing protocol, and makes packet forwarding
possible.
Call Control (CC)
CC is a software subsystem that processes the calls in the outdoor SPI-2210, and CC
interfaces with MS and ACR. CC supports data exchange function to support wireless data
service such as the MAC scheduling, air link control, ARQ processing and IEEE 802.16
message processing.
Operation And Maintenance (OAM)
The OAM provides the interface (SNMPv2c or SNMPv3, SFTP, HTTPs, SSH) of which
the security is strengthened, and which is standardized to interwork with the upper
management system such as the WSM, the Web-EMT and console terminal based on the
IMISH.
In addition, this performs the functions of initializing and restarting the system, processing
the call, collecting the statistics for various performance data, managing the system
configuration and resources, managing the status of the software resources and the
hardware resources, managing the failure and performing the diagnostics for the operation
and the management of the outdoor SPI-2210.
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3.3.2 Call Control (CC) Block
The CC block caries out the resource management function of the outdoor SPI-2210 and
the BS function of ASN Profile-C defined in NWG of Mobile WiMAX forum. The CC
block consists of RAS Resource Controller (RRC), RAS Service Controller (RSC) and
RAS Traffic Controller (RTC) sub-blocks and the functions of each sub-block are as
follow:
CC
MMA-S
MRA-S
RRC
RSC
1) RAS signaling interface
2) RAS state monitoring
1) RAS signaling interface
2) Modem control interface
RTC
1) RAS traffic interface
2) Modem traffic interface
Figure 3.14 CC Block Structure
RRC as the resource manager of the outdoor SPI-2210 exchanges the status information
with all blocks and assigns appropriate software resources to a service when it receives the
necessary service request from RAS/ACR.
RSC processes the MAC signaling via R1 interface and interworks with ACR via R6
interface. RSC performs the Admission Control (AC) in the service creation process and
requests the traffic channel setup to RTC. In addition, RSC transfers the information on the
internal control message to the modem block in the outdoor SPI-2210.
RTC fragments the user data received from ACR via the R6 interface in MAC PDU format
and transfers the data to the modem block or re-assembles the MAC PDU received from an
MS via the R1 interface and transmits to ACR. In addition, the RTC interworks with the
RSC block controlling the RAS signal and performs the call setup/release procedure.
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3.3.2.1 RAS Resource Controller (RRC)
RRC is in charge of the resource management of the outdoor SPI-2210 and is activated on
the MMA-S. The RRC interfaces with ACR outside the system and the RSC and OAM
blocks inside the system.
RRC’s main functions are as follows:

ACR Keep Alive

RSC Keep Alive

Inter Carrier Load Balancing

Paging Message Transmission

System Resource Management
3.3.2.2 RAS Service Controller (RSC)
The RSC is in charge of the signaling-concentrated service in the outdoor SPI-2210.
As for the system outside, the RSC performs the message exchange with ACR via the
Mobile WiMAX standard R6 interface. As for the system inside, RSC interworks with the
RTC that is in charge of traffic data and transmits the information on the internal control
message to the modem block.
The RSC performs the MAC message exchange described in IEEE 802.16 with an MS and
carries out the call setup procedure by interworking with the RRC via the system internal
message. The RSC is activated on MRA.
RSC’s main functions are as follows:

CID Creation and Release

MAC Management Message Processing

R6 Interface Message Processing

Handover processing

Sleep Mode Support for Power Reduction

Collection of Various Statistics

Paging Relay Function for MS
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3.3.2.3 RAS Traffic Controller (RTC)
The RTC is the block to process the traffic of the outdoor SPI-2210. The RTC is the block
pertaining to the bearer plane and is located as the kernel module format of the
corresponding CPU. The RTC performs the R6 interface under IEEE 802.16 standard and
enables to the modem block to perform the R1 interface normally.
The RTC fragments the user data received from ACR via the R6 interface in MAC PDU
format and transfers the data to the modem block or re-assembles the MAC PDU received
from an MS via the R1 interface and transmits to ACR.
In addition, the RTC interworks with the RTC block controlling the RAS signal and
performs the call setup/release procedure. This process is carried out via the memory
interface in the RAS card (MRA-S). The RTC communicates with the modem block via the
PCI interface.
The RTC is activated on MRA and its main functions are as follows:

ARQ function: Receives the ARQ feedback message from an MS and processes the
message.

Analyzes and processes the RSC control message and performs the queue
management.

Performs the traffic interface with the modem block.

Performs the scheduling function for each QoS class

Data Traffic Processing Function
RTC provides the data path between ACR and the outdoor SPI-2210 via the R6 data
path (GRE tunnel).

Traffic Control Function for Handover
In handover, RTC performs the data synchronization function between serving
RAS/ACR and target RAS/ACR.
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3.3.3 Operation And Maintenance (OAM) Block
OAM block manages the operation and maintenance of the outdoor SPI-2210, and it is
divided as the three shown below: EMS Interface (EMI), Main OAM and Board OAM.
Operation and Maintenance (OAM)
EMI
Board OAM
Main OAM
1) SNMPD
2) OAGS
3) WebEMT
4) CLIM
5) PAM
6) UFM
7) Loader
8) ULM
9) OPM
10) OSSM
6) UFM
7) Loader
8) ULM
9) OPM
10) OSSM
11) OER/OEV
12) OCM
13) RDM
Figure 3.15 OAM Software Structure
The following interface structure diagram shows the communication between OAM blocks.
Main OAM and EMI are running on the MMA-S that support master OAM. Board OAM is
running on the remaining lower processor board.
Main Processor
Main OAM
WSM
EMI
P AM
OER/OEV
OSSM
OCM
RDM
UFM
OPM
Loader
ULM
IPC
SFTP
Image Server
SNMPv 2c/
SNMPv3
API
OAGS/SNMPD
WSM
HTTP s
Web-EMT
WebEMT
CLIM
API
Shared Memory
Software
Entity
MDS
MDS
SSH
Console
Terminal
Board Processor
Board OAM
…
IFM
DDI
UFM
OPM
Loader
ULM
OSSM
IPC
Software
Entity
API
API
Shared Memory
Figure 3.16 Interface between OAM Blocks
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The EMI carries out SNMP agent and web server function, and provides the OAM
interface between the management system (WSM, Web-EMT and CLI Terminal) and the
outdoor SPI-2210 by providing the IMISH. Then, to access the outdoor SPI-2210 directly
via the Web-EMT or the console terminal, the process of the operator authentication and
the authority allowance via the Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) block should be
done.
The Main OAM is located in the main processor. The Main OAM communicates with the
upper management system by interworking with the EMI block and distributes the
Programmable Loading Data (PLD) to the lower processors by managing the system
configuration as the format of the PLD. In addition, the Main OAM performs the role of
the Image Server (IS) and the Registration Server (RS), collects and saves the statistics data
and the failure information, and reports them to the upper management system.
The Board OAM is located in the lower processor. The Board OAM collects the failure and
the statistics data of each board, reports them to the Main OAM and monitors the software
process of each board.
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3.3.3.1 SNMP Daemon (SNMPD)
SNMPD plays the SNMP agent role to support the standard SNMP (SNMPv2c or
SNMPv3c) and an interface role for the upper management system (WSM) and interworks
with internal subagent. While receiving requests on the standard MIB object from WSM
are processed by SNMPD itself, it transmits requests on the private MIB object to subagent
in order to be handled properly.
SNMPD Main Functions

Standard MIB processing
If the request for the MIB-II and 802.3ah MIB object is received, the SNMPD
processes it directly and transmits the response.

Private MIB processing
If the request for the Private MIB object is received, it is not processed directly by the
SNMPD, but it is transmitted to the corresponding internal subagent, and then the
response is transmitted from the subagent and it is transmitted to the manager.
SNMPD Implementation
SNMPD is implemented on the MMA-S as shown below. MMA-S has 1:1 active/standby
redundancy.
Figure 3.17 SNMPD Block
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3.3.3.2 Common SNMP Agent Subagent (OAGS)
OAGS plays the SNMP subagent role to support the standard SNMP (SNMPv2c or
SNMPv3c).
Also, through master agent (SNMPD) OAGS plays an interface role for the upper
management system for the command inquiry and change of ACR to be operated through
the get/get-next/get-bulk/set/trap command defined by SNMP.
OAGS Main Functions

Providing private MIB
 Provide private MIB to the management system.
 Generate the message data file necessary for the interface function between OAM
blocks.

SNMP command processing
Process the command received from the management system and transmit the
corresponding result via the SNMPD.

Notification function
Send the SNMP trap to master agent (SNMPD) whenever there are needs to inform the
change or the alarm of the outdoor SPI-2210 data to the upper management system.
OAGS Implementation
OAGS is implemented on the MMA-S as shown below. MMA-S has 1:1 active/standby
redundancy.
Figure 3.18 OAGS Block
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3.3.3.3 Web-based Element Maintenance Terminal (WebEMT)
The WebEMT is the block to interface with the Web client of the console terminal which
uses the Web browser, and performs the role of the Web server. Both Web-EMT and the
outdoor SPI-2210 support the HTTP communications based on the Secure Sockets Layer
(SSL).
WebEMT Main Functions

Web server function
 HTTP server for the management using Web-EMT
 Receive html requests and display HTML pages

OAM block interface
 Process commands from Web-EMT interoperating with other OAM blocks
 User management
WebEMT Implementation
WebEMT is implemented on the MMA-S. MMA-S has 1:1 active/standby redundancy.
Figure 3.19 Web-EMT Block
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3.3.3.4 Command Line Interface Management (CLIM)
The CLIM is the block to interface with the IMISH, when it is connected to the console
terminal via the Secure Shell (SSH) method. The CLIM processes the received command
via the IMISH and displays the corresponding result.
CLIM Main Functions

IMISH command processing
 Setup/change/inquiry of interface and routing functions
 Setup/change/inquiry of the outdoor SPI-2210 operation & maintenance
CLIM Implementation
CLIM is implemented on the MMA-S as shown below. MMA-S has 1:1 active/standby
redundancy.
Figure 3.20 CLIM Block
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3.3.3.5 Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM)
The PAM receive the account and the password of the operator who uses the console
terminal (IMISH, Web-EMT) when logging in, thus performs the operator authentication
and the process of allowing the authority.
PAM Main Functions

Operator’s account management and authentication
The function of managing and authenticating the account of the operator who uses the
console terminal (IMISH, Web-EMT) is performed.

Operator’s authority management
The function of allowing the authority for all the commands which the operator can
perform is performed.

Password management
Management functions such as creating the operator’s password, saving and updating
the encryption are performed.
PAM Implementation
PAM is implemented on the MMA-S as shown below. MMA-S has 1:1 active/standby
redundancy.
Figure 3.21 PAM Block
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3.3.3.6 Universal Fault Management (UFM)
UFM manages the ACR faults and the status of software and hardware. UFM informs the
detected failures to the upper management system by the filtering function, and applies the
severity changes and the threshold to the fault management system. In particular, the UFM
receives ToD from a Global Positioning System (GPS), distributes the received ToD to CC
software for call processing, and manages faults concerned with the ToD.
In addition, the UFM provides the interface function with Device Driver (DD) to support
statistics and status management for devices such as Marvel switch 98DX246/98DX166
and Comet PM4358 of MMA-S/MEI. The interfaces for Marvel switch 98DX246/98DX16
and Comet PM4358 are called Marvel Switch Device Driver Interface (MVSDDI) and
Comet Device Driver Interface (CMDDI), respectively.
UFM Main Functions

Failure Management
 Hardware and software failure management by interrupt and polling
 When the failure is detected, it is reported to the management system and the
related block.

Status Management
 Status management for the components
 When the status information of the resource is changed, it is reported to the
management system and the related block.

Failure filtering and inhibition
 The filtering function is applied to many kinds of the occurred failure, and only the
failure of the original reason is reported.
 Function of inhibiting reporting a specific kind of failure or a specific system
according to the operator’s request

Inquiring and changing the failure configuration information
Inquiring and changing the parameters such as the failure severity and the threshold
for the generation

Failure audit
Auditing the failure is performed when initializing and restarting the system and when
the operator requests to minimize the inconsistency of the failure information between
the ACR and the upper management system.

Failure history information management and save

Redundancy of the failure information
Redundancy of the failure information is supported between the active/standby status
of the main OAM board which supports the 1:1 active/standby structure.

Call fault reporting
In case of the call fault, the related information (call status, error code, MS information,
etc.) is collected and reported to the management system.
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
DD Interface
he interface between DD and applications is provided for statistics and status
management of devices.
UFM Implementation
UFM is implemented in MMA-S and all lower boards as shown below.
Figure 3.22 UFM Block
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3.3.3.7 Loader
Loader manages the entire process from the start of OS to the previous step of ULM
running (pre-loading). After that, if ULM is actuated after the initialization script is
executed and the registration and loading function is performed, the loader monitors the
ULM block.
Loader Main Functions

System time setting
Before NTP-based synchronization, the system time is set by receiving the Time of
Date (ToD) from a GPS receiver.

Outdoor SPI-2210 registration and loading
 Registration of the outdoor SPI-2210 to the Registration Server (RS)
 Determination of the loading method
1) Loading of most recent version through version comparison: loading through
self non-volatile storage or remote IS
2) Loading through console port (The process to register the ACR to the RS is
skipped.)

Backing up and restoring the software image and the PLD
Loader saves the software image and the PLD of the latest version in its own
nonvolatile storage and restores it as the corresponding information when required.
(In case of PLD, the operator sends a command for backup.)

ULM monitoring
Loader monitors whether the ULM block operates normally and if it is abnormal, this
restarts it.
Loader Implementation
Loader is implemented on the MMA-S and all lower board as shown below.
Figure 3.23 Loader Block
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3.3.3.8 Universal Loading Management (ULM)
ULM downloads and executes the packages that are identified in the file list downloaded
by loader during pre-loading process. Also, ULM monitors the executed software and
provides the running software information, and supports the restart and the software
upgrade by the command. In addition, in the initialization stage, ULM sets the system time
by using the Time of Date information obtained from a GPS receiver and periodically
performs the synchronization with the NTP server by actuating as an NTP client after the
loading is completed.
ULM Main Functions

System initialization and reset
 System reset by command
 Act as internal RS & IS of lower board

Software management
 Monitor the operation of software block and restart the software block in abnormal
state
 Software restart by command
 Provide information on software block and the status

Inventory Management
 ULM provides the information such as the software version for the components,
the PBA ID, the PBA version, the serial number and the Common Language
Equipment Identifier (CLEI), etc.
 Function of reporting the inventory information when performing the initialization,
adding and extending the components

Online upgrade and version management for the software
ULM provides the functions of updating the software and the firmware, upgrading the
package and managing the version.

System time information synchronization
Synchronize system time information with NTP server as a NTP client and transmit
the time information to the lower boards

Time Zone setup
Setup Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time (DST)

Mortem time update
Setup mortem time after system time information synchronization
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ULM Implementation
ULM is implemented on the MMA-S and all lower board as shown below.
Figure 3.24 ULM Block
3.3.3.9 Common Performance Management (OPM)
OPM collects and provides the performance data for the upper management system
operator to know the outdoor SPI-2210 performance. The OPM collects the event
generated during the system operation and the performance data and transmits them to the
management system. The collection cycle of the statistics data of the actual OPM can be set
as 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and if the entire statistics file of the binary format is
created every 15 minutes, the management system collects it periodically via the SFTP.
OPM Main Functions

Record and collect statistics data
Record statistics data to the memory and generate the statistics file by regularly
collecting data per each board

Save the statistics data
Save the statistics data of each board in its own nonvolatile storage during up to eight
hours

Inquire and change the statistics configuration information
Inquire and change the collection cycle (BI) and the threshold of the statistics data

Threshold Cross Alert (TCA)
Generate the TCA (Critical, Major, Minor) according to the defined threshold in every
collection cycle and report it to the UFM

Monitor the statistics in real time
Provide the real-time monitoring function for the specific statistics item designated by
the operator
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OPM Implementation
OPM is implemented on the MMA-S and all lower board as shown below.
Figure 3.25 OPM Block
3.3.3.10 Common Subscription Service Management (OSSM)
OSSM distributes the PLD data necessary for the software blocks, and reports the data
changed to the corresponding software block if PLD data are changed. Also, it supports the
function to maintain the consistency of PLD data that are scattered in the system.
OSSM Major Functions

PLD distribution
OSSM loads PLD to the shared memory for software block in order to access PLD

PLD change report
Report the changes of PLD to the corresponding software block

PLD audit
Maintain the consistency of PLDs which are distributed in the outdoor SPI-2210
(between main board and lower boards)
OSSM Implementation
OSSM is implemented on the MMA-S and all lower board.
Figure 3.26 OSSM Block
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3.3.3.11 Common Event Router (OER)/Common Event Viewer (OEV)
The OER/OEV manages the event history as the text format. The OER/OEV transmits the
information on all the events received from the OAM applications to the related agent
(OAGS, WebEMT), and creates and saves the history file of the daily/hourly events, and
displays the log contents on the operator window (IMISH) in real time.
OER/OEV Major Functions

Event transmission
OER/OEV transmits the information on the generated event to the OAGS or the
WebEMT block, thus it enables to report it to the management system.

Creating and saving the event history file
OER/OEV creates and saves the daily/hourly event history file in its own nonvolatile
storage as the 1 Mbyte maximum size.

Event display
OER/OEV displays the event generated in the outdoor SPI-2210 on the operator
window (IMISH) in real time.
OER/OEV Implementation
OER/OEV is implemented on the MMA-S. MMA-S has 1:1 active/standby redundancy.
Figure 3.27 OER/OEV Block
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3.3.3.12 Common Configuration Management (OCM)
OCM manages the outdoor SPI-2210 configuration and parameter with PLD, and it
provides the data that are necessary for the software blocks. Other software blocks can
approach PLD by the internal subscription service (OSSM), and through the command
from EMI. OCM provides the following functions: Outdoor SPI-2210 configuration
grow/degrow, inquiry and change of configuration data and operational parameters.
OCM Major Functions

ACR configuration management
Manage the outdoor SPI-2210 system configuration with PLD

PLD inquiry and change
 Upper management system inquires and changes PLD by command
 Updating PLD changes to self non-volatile storage with an operator command

PLD audit
For the consistent PLD data with the upper management system

Grow/degrow of resources
Link, board, carrier, sector, the auxiliary devices in the outdoor SPI-2210
OCM Implementation
OCM is implemented on the MMA-S. MMA-S has 1:1 active/standby redundancy.
Figure 3.28 OCM Block
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3.3.3.13 RAS Diagnosis Management (RDM)
The RDM checks if internal and external connection paths or resources of the outdoor SPI2210 are normal. The connection paths are roughly divided into the external path between
the outdoor SPI-2210 internal IPC path and another NE and the path between ACR and the
outdoor SPI-2210. In addition, it supports the on-demand test at the request of an operator
and the periodical test according to the schedule defined by the operator.
RDM Functions

Path Test
 Internal path test: Ping test for the IPC path of the board level in NE
 External path test: Traceroute test for external hosts
 Traffic path test: Test for the UDP message-based bearer path between ACR and
the outdoor SPI-2210

Software Block Test
Ping test for main programs by processors

RF Exchange Test
Tx path, Receive Signal Strength Indicator-based (RSSI-based) Rx path and VSWR
diagnosis

Loopback Test
Support of IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet loopback functions

Backhaul performance monitoring test
Quality (packet loss, delay and delay variance) measurement for backhaul between
ACR and the outdoor SPI-2210

Periodical online test by the operator setting

Change of the Diagnosis Schedule
Schedule setup, such as diagnosis period, start time and end time of periodical online
test

Support of Call Trace Function
It reports the call trace information (signaling message of a specific MS, RF parameter,
traffic statistics) to the management system via SNMPD.

VIF generation and removal
Generate and remove VIF based on physical link configuration in PLD

VIF state management
Change the state of physical VIF with link failure

RF Module Setup and Control
Transmission of the setup information required for the RF module, redundancy
structure and management of failure/status
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RDM Configuration
The RDM is implemented on the MMA-S as shown in the figure below. The MMA-S has
1:1 redundancy (active/standby) structure.
Figure 3.29 RDM Block
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3.4 Redundancy Structure
The outdoor SPI-2210 has the redundancy structure for main processors, devices and links
to provide persistent and stable service by enhancing the reliability and availability.
In the figure below, ‘ (Red)’ mark indicates the board in service and ‘ (White)’ mark
indicates the board in standby mode.
3.4.1 MMA-S Redundancy Structure
The MMA-S, which is the main processor of the outdoor SPI-2210, supports the
redundancy structure for the system reliability. The MMA-S functionally consists of the
OAM block and the UCCM for GPS reception and clock distribution and each block has
the redundancy structures as follows:
Redundancy Structure of OAM Block
The OAM block of MMA-S is duplicated in active/standby method. The two dual boards
sends/receives data required for the duplication in Low Voltage Differential Signaling
(LVDS) method.
LVDS
Active link
MMA-S(B)
OAM
Standby
MMA-S(A)
OAM
Active
Standby link
Redundancy Path
Figure 3.30 Redundancy Structure of OAM Block (MMA-S)
Redundancy Structure of UCCM
The UCCM of MMA-S is duplicated in active/standby method. The two dual boards
sends/receives data required for the duplication in LVDS method
Outdoor SPI-2210
LVDS
Hardware
Block
MMA-S(A)
UCCM
MMA-S(B)
UCCM
Figure 3.31 Redundancy Structure of UCCM (MMA-S)
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3.4.2 MRA-S Redundancy Structure
The MRA-S performs the call processing function in the outdoor SPI-2210 and has N:1
redundancy structure only for 1st carrier. Redundancy structure of MRA-S is provided to
service providers optionally.
MRA-S(R)
MRA-S(1)
MRA-S(2)
MRA-S(3)
Figure 3.32 MRA-S Redundancy Structure
Switchover of MRA-S
Active MRA-S doesn’t backup the data to redundancy MRA-S on principle that
existing service is not kept on in the switchover of MRA-S.
3.4.3 Backhaul Redundancy Structure
The backhaul interface of outdoor SPI-2210 supports static link aggregation (IEEE
802.3ad) based load sharing. The link aggregation (802.3ad) redundancy method ties
several ports as an interface group to deal with some or entire traffic in the remain group
pertaining to the group even if a fault occurs in some ports.
IP #1
IP #n
…
…
MAC #1
MMA-S
MAC #2 … MAC #n
Figure 3.33 Load Sharing Structure of Backhaul
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description
CHAPTER 4. Message Flow
4.1 Call Processing Message Flow
4.1.1 Initial Access
The following is the procedure to set the Provisioned Service Flow (SF) of the networkinitiated Dynamic Service Add (DSA) mode in the process of the initial network entry.
An MS periodically receives Downlink Channel Descriptor (DCD), Downlink-MAP (DLMAP), Uplink Channel Descriptor (UCD) and Uplink-MAP (UL-MAP) messages from the
RAS in the initial access, acquires the downlink channel synchronization and the uplink
parameter and sets the Provisioned SF connection.
The ACR supports the PMIP and simple IP methods when allocating an IP address to the
MS. When the PMIP method is used, the ACR performs the DHCP proxy function. When
the simple IP method is used, the ACR performs the DHCP relay agent function.
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MS
RAS
ACR
AAA
HA
DHCP
1) RNG-REQ
2) RNG-RSP
3) SBC-REQ
4) MS_PreAttachment_Req
5) MS_PreAttachment_Rsp
6) SBC-RSP
7) MS_PreAttachment_Ack
8) Authentication & Key Exchange
9) REG-REQ
10) MS_Attachment_Req
11) MS_Attachment_Rsp
12) REG-RSP
13) MS_Attachment_Ack
15) DSA-REQ
16) DSA-RSP
19) DSA-ACK
14) Path Registration Request
17) Path Registration Response
18) Path Registration Ack
PMIP case
20) DHCP Discover
21) MIP REG REQ
22) MIP REG RSP
23) DHCP Offer
24) DHCP Request
25) DHCP Ack
CMIP case
26) Agent Advertisement
27) MIP REG REQ
28) MIP REG REQ
29) MIP REG RSP
30) MIP REG RSP
Simple IP case
31) DHCP Discover
32) DHCP Discover
33) DHCP Offer
34) DHCP Offer
35) DHCP Request
36) DHCP Request
37) DHCP Ack
38) DHCP Ack
39) Diameter: ACR, RADIUS: Accounting Request
40) Diameter: ACA, RADIUS: Accounting Response
Figure 4.1 Initial Access Process
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Classification
Description
(1)~(2)
The MS transmits the RNG-REQ message including its own MAC address and the
Ranging Purpose Indication to the RAS, and the RAS allocates the Basic & Primary
Management CID and transmits the RNG-RSP message to the MS.
(3)~(4)
The MS transmits the SBC-REQ message to the RAS including the physical parameter
and the authorization policy information which it supports. The RAS transmits the
MS_PreAttachment_Req message to the ACR including the authorization policy support
via the Default IP address and the UDP port number of the ACR.
(5)~(7)
The ACR transmits the MS_PreAttachment_Rsp message to the RAS including the
supported authorization policy, and the RAS extracts the information received from the
ACR, attaches it to the SBC-RSP message and transmits it to the MS.
Then, RAS transmits the MS_PreAttachment_Ack to the ACR, and notifies the start point
of the next process (EAP transmission) explicitly.
(8)
The procedure of the subscriber authentication between the MS and the AAA server is
performed, and when the authentication is successful, the ACR receives the provisioned
policy information for each subscriber from the AAA server.
For the detailed information, see ‘4.1.2 Authentication’.
(9)~(13)
The MS transmits the REG-REQ message to the RAS including the registration
information (MS Capabilities, CS Capabilities, HO Support, etc), and the RAS transmits
the MS_Attachment_Req message to the ACR to inquire the corresponding MS
Capability and the corresponding CS Capability. The ACR transmits the response to the
RAS including the result of the requested registration information, and the RAS transmits
the REG-RSP message to the MS. The RAS transmits the MS_Attachment_Ack to the
ACR, and notifies the start point of the next process explicitly.
(14)~(19)
To request the DSA for the Pre-Provisioned SF, the ACR transmits the RR-Request
message to the RAS, including the SFID, the Resource Description field (SF/CS
parameter) and the Data Path ID (=GRE Key) field to set the data path with the RAS.
The RAS receives this message and performs admission control for this, and then
transmits the DSA-REQ message to the MS. The MS attaches the Confirmation Code to
the DSA-RSP message as a result of DSA-REQ and transmits the message to the RAS,
and the RAS transmits the RR-Response message to the ACR including the Data Path
ID to set the data path with the ACR. Then the ACR transmits the RR-Confirm message
to the RAS, and the RAS transmits the DSA-ACK message to the MS
(20)~(25)
This is the procedure to allocate the IP address to the MS, which uses the PMIP, if the
MS requests the DHCP procedure to acquire the IP address, the ACR performs the
PMIP procedure.
(26)~(30)
This is the procedure to allocate the IP address to the MS, which uses the CMIP, if the
MS requests the MIP registration directly, the ACR operates as the FA and interworks
with the HA and allocates the MIP address to the MS.
(31)~(38)
This is the procedure for allocating an IP address to the MS that uses the simple IP
method. If the MS requests the DHCP procedure to receive an allocated IP address, the
ACR performs the DHCP relay agent function to receive a simple IP address from the
external DHCP server and then sends the received IP address to the MS.
(39)~(40)
When the Diameter protocol is used, it is notified that accounting has begun for the
service flow using the ACR/ACA message. When the RADIUS protocol is used, the
Accounting Request/Accounting Response message is used.
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4.1.2 Authentication
At the Time of Initial Access
The MS authentication procedure performed in ‘4.1.1 Initial Access’ is as follows:
MS
RAS
ACR
AAA
0) MS_PreAttachment_Ack
2) PKM-RSP
(PKMv2 EAP-Transfer)
3) PKM-REQ
(PKMv2 EAP-Transfer)
1) AuthRelay-EAP-Transfer
4) AuthRelay-EAP-Transfer
5) Diameter: DER/RADIUS: Access Request
Repeat
8) PKM-RSP
(PKMv2 EAP-Transfer)
9) PKM-REQ
(PKMv2 EAP-Transfer)
7) AuthRelay-EAP-Transfer
6) Diameter: DEA/RADIUS: Access Challenge
10) AuthRelay-EAP-Transfer
11) Diameter: DER/RADIUS: Access Request
12) Diameter: DEA/RADIUS: Access Accept
13) AuthRelay-EAP-Transfer
14) PKM-RSP
(PKMv2 EAP-Transfer)
15) Key_Change_Directive
16) Key_Change_Directive_Ack
17) PKM-RSP
(PKMv2 SA-TEK-Challenge)
18) PKM-REQ
(PKMv2 SA-TEK-Request)
19) PKM-RSP
(PKMv2 SA-TEK-Response)
20) PKM-REQ
(PKMv2 Key Request)
21) PKM-RSP
(PKMv2 Key Reply)
Figure 4.2 Authentication Procedure (At the time of initial access)
Classification
(0)~(2)
Description
When the ACR receives MS_PreAttachment_Req_Ack for SBC-RSP from the
RAS, the ACR includes the EAP Request/Identity payload in the AuthRelay-EAPTransfer message and transmits the message to the RAS to start the EAP
authentication. The RAS relays the received EAP payload to the MS by using the
PKMv2 EAP-Transfer/PKM-RSP message.
(3)~(5)
The MS sends the RAS a PKMv2 EAP-Transfer/PKM-REQ message with the
NAI included in the EAP Response/Identity. The RAS relays it to the ACR using
the AuthRelay-EAP-Transfer message. The authenticator of the ACR then
analyzes the NAI and sends the MS the Diameter DEAP Request (DER)
message (when the Diameter protocol is used) or the Access Request message
(when the RADIUS protocol is used).
(6)~(11)
The subscriber authentication procedure is performed between the MS and AAA
server using the EAP-method. The authentication procedure is performed using
the Diameter EAP Request (DER)/Diameter EAP Answer (DEA) message (when
the Diameter protocol is used) or the Access-Challenge/Access-Request
message (when the RADIUS protocol is used).
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
(Continued)
Classification
(12)~(16)
Description
When the authentication is successfully completed, the ACR receives the Master
Session Key (MSK) that is the upper key to provide security and provisioned
policy information per subscriber from the AAA server using the Diameter EAP
Answer (DEA) message (when the Diameter protocol is used) or the AccessAccept message (when the RADIUS protocol is used). The ACR generates the
AK from the MSK and sends the RAS a Key_Change_Directive message
including the generated AK Context information and Security Association (SA)
information for the MS. In addition, the RAS relays the EAP Success information
to the MS using the PKMv2-EAP-Transfer message.
(17)~(19)
After the EAP authentication, the RAS verifies the AK key value which it has with
MS, and transmits the SA-TEK-Challenge message to the MS to notify the start
of the SA negotiation, and the MS verifies the CMAC of the SA-TEK-Challenge
message, checks the AK key value, and transmits the SA negotiation information
to the RAS by using SA-TEK-Request. The RAS transmits SA-TEK-Response
including the AKID and the SA Descriptor which is the final result of the SA
negotiation to the MS.
(20)~(21)
The MS requests the Traffic Encryption Key (TEK) to the RAS by using PKMv2
Key-Request, and the RAS creates the TEK randomly and transmits it to the MS
by using the PKMv2 Key-Reply message. Then, the TEK is transmitted by being
encrypted via the Key Encryption Key (KEK).
Keys and Functions
The functions of the keys are as follows.
- MSK: creates the AK
- AK: creates the CMAC key
- KEK: encrypts the TEK
- CMAC key: provides integrity for the MAC management message
- TEK: encrypts traffics in wireless sections
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At the Time of Authenticator Relocation
When the MS performs the CSN-anchored Handover (HO), or the Idle Mode MS moves to
another ACR area and performs the location update, the following re-authentication
procedure is performed to move the authenticator from the existing Serving ACR to the
Target ACR. The Target ACR triggers in order that the MS performs the EAP
authentication procedure with the AAA server again, and then, when the result of the
authentication result is notified to the Serving ACR, the Authenticator Relocation
procedure is completed.
MS
T-RAS
T-ACR
S-ACR
AAA
1) Relocation Notify
2) Relocation Notify Ack
4) PKMv2-RSP
3) AuthRelay EAP Transfer
5) Serving ASN triggers MS re-authentication with AAA Server
8) PKMv2-RSP
7) AuthRelay EAP Transfer
6) Diameter: DEA/RADIUS: Access Accept
9) Key Change Directive
10) Key Change Directive Ack
11) SA-TEK
handshake
12) Key Change Confirm
13) Key Change Confirm Ack
14) Relocation Complete_Req
15) Relocation Complete_Rsp
16) Relocation_Complete_Ack
17) Context_Rpt
18) Context_Ack
Figure 4.3 Authentication Procedure (At the time of the Authenticator Relocation)
Classification
(1)~(2)
Description
The new authenticator, T-ACR, exchanges the Relocation Notify/Ack message with
the previous authenticator, S-ACR, to perform re-authentication and authenticator
relocation.
(3)~(11)
The re-authentication procedure is performed in the target area, as the authentication
procedure for initial entry. When the Diameter protocol is used, the Diameter EAP
Answer (DEA) message is received from the AAA server. When the RADIUS protocol
is used, the Access Accept message is received from the AAA server.
(12)~(13)
The RAS sends the Key Change Confirm message to the authenticator (T-ACR) to
notify it that re-authentication is complete with the MS.
(14)~(16)
The T-ACR completes the authenticator relocation procedure by exchanging the
Relocation Confirm/Ack message with the S-ACR.
(17)~(18)
After the authenticator relocation, the new authenticator notifies the anchor that the
authenticator has been changed through the context Rpt procedure.
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4.1.3 Status Change
Awake Mode  Idle Mode
If the data traffic is not transmitted/received for a certain time, the status of MS is changed
from the Awake Mode to the Idle Mode.
Sleep Mode  Idle Mode Change
The MS of the Sleep Mode is not changed into the Idle Mode, immediately.
Before being changed from the Sleep Mode into the Idle Mode, the MS is changed
to the Awake Mode, first, and then, after requesting DREG, it is changed into the
Idle Mode.
The deregistration procedure to be changed into the Idle Mode is divided into the MSinitiated Idle Mode change and the Network-initiated Idle Mode change, and the following
indicates the procedure of the MS-initiated Idle Mode change.
MS
RAS
ACR
AAA
1) DREG-REQ
(Code=0x01, Paging Cycle
Request)
2) IM_Entry_State_Change_Req
3) IM_Entry_State_Change_Rsp
4) DREG-CMD
(ActionCode, Paging Controller ID,
Paging Information)
5) IM_Entry_State_Change_Ack
6) Path_Dereg_Req
7) Path_Dereg_Rsp
8) Path_Dereg_Ack
9) Diameter: ACR
10) Diameter: ACA
Figure 4.4 Awake Mode  Idle Mode Status Change Procedure
Classification
(1)
Description
When the MS is changed into the Idle Mode, it creates the DREG-REQ message
and transmits it to the RAS, and the value of the De-Registration Request Code
field is set as 0x01.
(2)~(5)
The RAS creates the IM_Entry_State_Change_Req message including the
context information of the MS and transmits it to the ACR (Paging Controller),
and the ACR creates the IM_Entry_State_Change_Rsp message including the
Action Code (0 x 05), the paging information (PAGING_CYCLE,
PAGING_OFFSET) and the Idle Mode Retain Flag and transmits the message to
the RAS.
The RAS transmits the DREG-CMD including the received information to the MS.
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(Continued)
Classification
Description
(6)~(8)
If the Network re-entry from the MS is not transmitted until the Idle Resource
Retain timer expires, the RAS performs the Data Path (DP) Release procedure
with the ACR.
(9)~(10)
As the MS has been transited to Idle mode, an accounting end message is sent
to the AAA server to update the accounting information using the ACR/ACA
message (if the Diameter protocol is used). If the RADIUS protocol is used, no
accounting report is made when the MS has been transited to Idle mode. Then
when the MS is returned to Awake mode, the accounting information is updated
at the specified interim interval using the Accounting Request interim message.
Awake Mode  Sleep Mode
The Awake Mode and the Sleep Mode of the MS can be classified only by the RAS, and
the ACR does not classified the two kinds of status, and recognizes and manages both of
them as the Awake Mode.
MS
RAS
ACR
Awake
1) MOB_SLP-REQ
2) MOB_SLP-RSP
Sleep
DL Traffic
3) MOB_TRF-IND
4) BW Request Header
Awake
Figure 4.5 Awake Mode  Sleep Mode Status Change Procedure
Classification
Description
(1)~(2)
If the MS does not transmit/receive the data for a certain time (set by the
MS/RAS as the parameter), timeout is generated in its own timer, thus the mode
is changed from the Awake Mode to the Sleep Mode. Then, the MS transmits the
MOB_SLP-REQ message to the RAS, and the RAS transmits the MOB_SLPRSP message for this, and the status of MS is changed into the Sleep Mode.
(3)~(4)
If the terminating traffic exists in the Sleep Mode MS, the RAS transmits the
MOB_TRF-IND message in the listening period of the corresponding MS, and
the MS which receives this, sets the BW value as 0 in the UL BW Request and
transmits it to the RAS. The RAS receives this message and recognizes that the
status of MS has been changed into the Awake Mode, and transmits the traffic to
the MS.
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Idle Mode  Awake Mode (QCS)
When an MS in Idle Mode responds for the paging because of incoming traffic or sends the
traffic, the status of MS is changed from the Idle Mode into Awake Mode. In both cases,
the MS should perform the network re-entry procedure to change the status into the Awake
Mode and the Mobile WiMAX system of Samsung basically takes account of the QCS
procedure as the network re-entry method.
The following is the case where the mode is changed from the Idle Mode to the Awake
Mode at the time of the Network re-entry (QCS).
MS
RAS
ACR
AAA
1) RNG-REQ
(PC ID, Ranging Purpose=0)
2) IM Exit State Change Request
3) IM Exit State Change Response
4) Path Reg Request
5) Path Reg Response
6) RNG-RSP
7) CMAC_Key_Count_Update
(CID Update)
8) CMAC_Key_Count_Update_Ack
9) Path Reg Ack
11) Diameter: ACR
10) BW Request Header
12) Diameter: ACA
Figure 4.6 Idle Mode  Awake Mode (QCS) Procedure
Classification
(1)
Description
If the Idle Mode MS is changed into the Awake Mode, the MS creates the RNGREQ message including the MAC address and the Paging Controller ID value
and transmits the message to the RAS. Then, the value of the Ranging Purpose
Indication field is set as 0x00 (=Network Re-entry).
(2)~(3)
The RAS creates the IM Exit State Change Request message including the
parameter of the received RNG-REQ message and transmits the message to the
ACR. The ACR checks the status information of the Idle Mode of the MS, creates
the IM Exit State Change Response message including the Idle Mode Retain
information to perform the QCS procedure and the AK Context information for
the CMAC authentication and transmits the message to the RAS.
(4)~(5)
The RAS transmits the Path Registration Request message including the data
path information such as the (UL) GRE Key to the ACR to set the data path with
the ACR. The ACR responds to the RAS as the Path Registration Response
message including the data path information such as the (DL) GRE Key for this.
(6)
The RAS replies with the RNG-RSP message along with HO Optimization Flag
for the QCS and relevant CID_Update and SA-TEK_Update information.
(7)~(8)
The RAS notifies the new CMAC_KEY_COUNT value updated by the MS to the
ACR, which is an authenticator.
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
(Continued)
Classification
(9)
Description
The ACR receives the Path Registration Ack message and is notified of data
path set results.
(10)
If an MS receives RNG-RSP, the MS transmits BW Request Header to notify the
system that the status is changed into the Awake Mode.
(11)~(12)
If the Diameter protocol is used, as the MS has transited to Awake mode and a
new transport CID has been allocated, it sends a new accounting start message
to the AAA server to update the AAA server's accounting information. If the
RADIUS protocol is used, no accounting report is made when the MS has been
transited to Awake mode and the accounting information is updated at the
specified interim interval using the Accounting Request interim message.
Changing from Idle Mode to Awake Mode
For the procedure that the MS status is changed from Idle Mode to Awake Mode
due to paging, refer to ‘4.1.5’.
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4.1.4 Location Update
Inter-RAS Location Update
The following is the location update procedure when the MS moves to other paging group
in the same ACR.
RAS 1
(PG 1)
MS
RAS 2
(PG 2)
ACR
1) MOB-PAG_ADV
1) MOB-PAG_ADV
2) RNG-REG
(Location Update Request, Paging Controller ID)
3) LU Request
4) LU Response
5) RNG-RSP
(Location Update Response)
6) CMAC_Key_Count_Update
7) CMAC_Key_Count_Update_Ack
8) LU Confirm
Figure 4.7 Inter-RAS Location Update Procedure
Classification
(1)
Description
When the Idle Mode MS in the paging group 1 moves to the paging group 2, it
receives the PAG-ADV message and recognizes that the location has been
changed.
(2)~(3)
The MS transmits the RNG-REQ message to a new RAS (RAS 2) including the
MAC address, the Location Update Request, and the Paging Controller ID and
the RAS 2 transmits the Location Update Request message to the ACR.
(4)~(5)
The ACR transmits the Location Update Response message including the
paging information and the AK Context information to the RAS 2.
The RAS 2 checks the CMAC validation and transmits the RNG-RSP message
including the LU Response to the MS, and notifies that the location update
procedure has been completed by transmitting the LU Confirm to the ACR.
(6)~(7)
The RAS notifies the new CMAC_KEY_COUNT value updated by MS to the
ACR, which is an authenticator.
(8)
The ACR sends the LU Confirm message and is notified that the location update
procedure is completed.
Inter-ACR Location Update (Anchor Relocation)
When the MS in the Idle mode moves to other ACR area, the Inter-ACR Location Update
(LU) procedure is performed. At this time, the procedure is different depending on whether
the MIP-based CMIP/PMIP method or the simple IP method is used.
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
MS
T-RAS
T-ACR
1) RNG-REQ
2) LU Request
3) LU Request
6) RNG-RSP
5) LU Response
4) LU Response
7) CMAC_Key_Count_Update
S-ACR
AAA
HA
8) CMAC_Key_Count_Update
10) CMAC_Key_Count_update_Ack 9) CMAC_Key_Count_update_Ack
11) LU Confirm
12) PC_relocation_Ind
13) PC_relocation_Ack
14) LU Confirm
15) Relocation Notify
16) Relocation Notify Ack
18) MOB_PAG-ADV 17) MS Paging Announce
(0b10 Enter Net.)
19) RNG-REQ
(Event Code 0x01)
20) Exit MS State Change Request
21) IM Exit State Change Req
23) IM Exit State
22) IM Exit State Change Rsp
Change Response
24) Path Reg Request
25) Path Reg Request
28) RNG-RSP
26) Path Reg Response
27) Path Reg Response
29) CMAC_Key_Count_Update 30) CMAC_Key_Count_Update
32) CMAC_Key_Count_Update_Ack 31) CMAC_Key_Count_Update_Ack
33) Path Reg Ack
34) Path Reg Ack
35) Re-authentication
36) Context Report (to DPF)
37) Context Ack
38) Anchor DPF HO Trigger
39) Anchor DPF HO Request
In PMIP case
40) MIP REG REQ
41) MIP REG RSP
In CMIP case
42) Agent Advertisement
43) MIP REG REQ
44) MIP REG REQ
46) CMIP REG RSP
45) MIP REG RSP
47) Anchor DPF HO Response
48) ACR/AAA/HA Resource release action
Figure 4.8 Inter-ACR Location Update Procedure (CMIP/PMIP Case)
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Classification
(1)~(2)
Description
If the paging group is changed, the MS transmits the RNG-REQ message
including the MAC address, the Location Update Request and the Paging
Controller ID to a new T-RAS (Target RAS). The T-RAS transmits the Location
Update Request message including the Paging Controller ID to its own default
ACR.
(3)~(5)
When the received Paging Controller ID does not belong to the Target ACR
(T-ACR), the T-ACR transmits the Location Update Request message of which
the APC Relocation Destination is set as its own Paging Controller ID to the
previous Serving ACR (S-ACR) via the R4 interface to change the Paging
Controller. The S-ACR responds by using the Location Update Response
message including the information on whether to allow the Paging Controller
Relocation and the Context information of the corresponding MS.
(6)
When the T-RAS receives the Location Update Response message, it sets as
‘LU Response=Success’, transmits the RNG-RSP message to the MS, and
checks if the paging controller is changed into the T-ACR by transmitting the LU
Confirm message.
(7)~(10)
The T-RAS notifies the new CMAC_KEY_COUNT value updated by the MS to
the S-ACR, which is an authenticator.
(11)
The LU Confirm message is sent to confirm that the T-ACR is now the paging
controller.
(12)~(14)
The T-ACR, after Location Update Confirm, notifies the FA and the Authenticator
which are still located in the S-ACR of that the Paging Controller has been
changed.
(15)
(16)~(18)
The T-ACR requests the FA Relocation for the MS to the S-ACR.
The S-ACR which receives the request of the FA/DPF Relocation from the
T-ACR allows the relocation in the T-ACR, then, the T-ACR/RAS requests paging
to the corresponding MS to trigger the relocation.
(19)~(34)
The MS which receives the MOB_PAG-ADV message performs the QCS which
is the Network Re-Entry procedure with the network.
(35)~(37)
This is the procedure to relocate the Authenticator from the S-ACR to the T-ACR,
the T-ACR triggers in order that the MS performs the EAP authentication
procedure with the AAA server, and notifies the S-ACR of the authentication
result, then completes the Authenticator Relocation procedure.
(38)~(39)
The T-ACR requests the Anchor DPF Relocation for the MS to the S-ACR.
(40)~(41)
If the MS uses the PMIP, the T-ACR instead of the MS registers the MIP to the HA.
(42)~(46)
If the MS uses the CMIP, the ACR operates only as the FA, and the MS registers
the MIP in the HA directly.
(47)~(48)
When the anchor DPF relocation is completed successfully, S-ACR releases the
existing connection with AAA and HA.
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
MS
T-RAS
T-ACR
S-ACR
1) RNG-REQ
2) LU Request
3) LU Request
6) RNG-RSP
5) LU Response
4) LU Response
7) LU Confirm
AAA
DHCP Server
8) LU Confirm
9) RNG-REQ
10) IM Exit MS State Change Request
11) IM Exit State Change Req
12) IM Exit State Change Rsp
13) IM Exit MS State Change Response
14) RNG-RSP
15) SBC-REQ
16) MS_PreAttachment_Req
18) SBC-RSP
17) MS_PreAttachment_Rsp
19) MS_PreAttachment_Ack
20) Authentication & Key Exchange
21) REG-REQ
22) MS_Attachment_Req
23) MS_Attachment_Rsp
24) REG-RSP
25) MS_Attachment_Ack
27) DSA-REQ
26) Path Registration Request
28) DSA-RSP
29) Path Registration Response
31) DSA-ACK
30) Path Registration Ack
32) DHCP Discover
35) DHCP Offer
36) DHCP Request
39) DHCP Ack
33) DHCP Discover
34) DHCP Offer
37) DHCP Request
38) DHCP Ack
40) Diameter: ACR, RADIUS: Accounting Request
41) Diameter: ACA, RADIUS: Accounting Response
Figure 4.9 Inter-ACR Location Update Procedure (Simple IP Case)
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
Classification
(1)~(2)
Description
At this time, the procedure is different depending on whether the MIP-based
CMIP/PMIP method or the simple IP method is used. When the paging group is
changed, the MS sends the new T-RAS (Target RAS) an RNG-REQ message
including the MAC address, Location Update Request and Paging Controller ID
in order to request a location update. The T-RAS sends its default ACR a
Location Update Request message including the Paging Controller ID.
(3)~(5)
If the received Paging Controller ID does not belong to the T-ACR (Target ACR),
it sends a Location Update Request message to the S-ACR (Serving ACR)
through the R4 interface in order to change the paging controller. At this point,
the APC Relocation Destination of the Location Update Request message is set
to the Paging Controller ID of the T-ACR. The S-ACR responds with a Location
Update Response message including confirmation of whether the paging
controller relocation is allowed or not and the Context information for the MS.
(6)
When the T-RAS receives the Location Update Response message, it sends the
MS an RNG-RSP message with 'LU Response' set to 'Fail'.
(7)~(8)
The LU Confirm message is sent to notify that the paging controller is maintained
in the S-ACR.
(9)~(14)
The MS performs idle mode exit with the S-ACR, and the S-ACR induces full
network re-entry in the MS.
(15)~(31)
The MS performs network re-entry with the T-ACR
(32)~(39)
This is the procedure that allocates an IP address to the MS that uses the simple
IP method. When the DHCP procedure is requested to allocate an IP address to
the MS, the ACR receives a simple IP address from the DHCP server and sends
it to the MS (DHCP Relay Agent mode).
(40)~(41)
The T-ACR notifies the AAA server that accounting has begun for the service
flow newly generated in the network entry. When the Diameter protocol is used, it
is notified that accounting has begun for the service flow using the ACR/ACA
message. When the RADIUS protocol is used, the Accounting
Request/Accounting Response message is used.
Inter-ASN Location Update
The Inter-ASN location update procedure is the same with the Inter-ACR location update
procedure.
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
4.1.5 Paging
Paging can be classified into the following two types.

The RAS broadcasts the MOB_PAG-ADV message periodically and notifies the MS
of the corresponding paging group. The MS is changed into the Idle Mode and checks
if the paging group of the MS is changed by checking the MOB_PAG-ADV message
periodically based on the paging information (Paging Cycle, Paging Offset, PGID)
received from the system.

If the traffic to be transmitted to the Idle Mode MS exists in the ACR, the ACR
triggers the MOB_PAG-ADV message to the RAS to change the corresponding MS
into the Awake Mode.
The following figure is the procedure to perform paging on the Idle Mode MS.
MS
RAS
ACR
Incoming traffic
1) MS Paging Announcement
2) MOB PAG-ADV
QCS
Figure 4.10 Paging Procedure
Classification
(1)~(2)
Description
When receiving the packet to be transmitted to the specific MS, the ACR
transmits the MS Paging Announce message including the MAC address, the
Paging Group ID and the Action Code (0x10) of the MS when the corresponding
MS is the Idle Mode to the RAS. The RAS transmits the MOB_PAG-ADV
message including the information received from the ACR to the MS.
After this, the MS performs the QCS procedure with the network. For the information on
the QCS procedure, see the procedure of ‘Idle Mode  Awake Mode’ in ‘4.1.3’.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
4.1.6 Handover
Inter-RAS Handover
The following is the inter-RAS handover procedure.
MS
S-RAS
ACR
T-RAS1
T-RAS2
1) MOB-MSHO-REQ
2) HO-Request
3) HO-Request
5) HO-Response
4) HO-Response
7) HO-Ack
8) HO-Ack
10) HO-Confirm
11) HO-Confirm
13) HO-Ack
12) HO-Ack
6) MOB-BSHO-RSP
9) MOB-HO-IND
14) Context-Request
15) Context-Report
16) Path Pre-Reg Request
17) Path Pre-Reg Response
18) Path Pre-Reg Ack
19) Path Reg Request (For Data Integrity)
20) Path Reg Response
21) Path Reg Ack
22) Fast Ranging IE ()
23) RNG-REQ
24) Path Reg Request
25) Path Reg Response
26) RNG-RSP
27) Path De-Reg Request
(For Data Integrity)
30) Path De-Reg Response
28) Path De-Reg Request
29) Path De-Reg Response
31) MAC PDU with SN Report Header (Opt.) or BW Request with 0 (Opt.)
33) HO-Complete
32) HO-Complete
34) CMAC_KEY_COUNT Update
35) CMAC_KEY_COUNT Update Ack
36) Path De-Reg Request
37) Path De-Reg Response
38) Path De-Reg Ack
Figure 4.11 Inter-RAS Handover Procedure
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
Classification
(1)~(3)
Description
The MS transmits the MOB_MSHO-REQ message including the Neighbor BS (RAS)
ID and the parameter related to handover to the current Serving RAS (S-RAS) to
request handover. The S-RAS transmits the HO-Request message including the
received MOB_MSHO-REQ parameter and the context information to the ACR, and
the ACR forwards the HO-Request message to the Target RAS (T-RAS).
(4)~(8)
The T-RAS transmits the HO-Response message including its own capability
information to the ACR, and the S-RAS transmits the MOB_BSHO-RSP message
including the Recommended Neighbor BS-IDs, the HO-ID and the parameter result
value to the MS.
(9)~(13)
The MS transmits the MOB_HO-IND message including the HO-IND Type and the
Target BS-ID to the S-RAS to notify handover finally, and the S-RAS transmits the
HO-Confirm message including the context information and the Data Integrity
information (e.g., Buffered SDU SN) of the MS to the T-RAS.
(14)~(15)
The T-RAS transmits the Context-Request message to the ACR (Authenticator) to
request the AK Context information, and the ACR responds by using the ContextResponse message including the AK context information.
(16)~(21)
The path pre-registration is executed to set a new data path between the ACR and
the T-RAS. In addition, a forwarding path is set to send to the T-RAS the traffics that
the S-RAS has not yet transmitted to the MS, and the traffics are sent to the T-RAS.
(22)
If T-RAS allows the request of an MS, the T-RAS notifies UL_MAP IE to enable the
MS to transmit HO Ranging Request via uplink.
(23)
The MS transmits to the T-RAS the RNG-REQ message that contains the MAC
address, Serving BS-ID and HO indication.
(24)~(25)
The path registration procedure is executed to exchange the SF information that is
mapped with the data path created between the ACR and the T-RAS through the
steps (16)~(18).
(26)
The T-RAS replies with the RNG-RSP message along with HO Optimization Flag,
CID_Update, and SA-TEK_Update.
(27)~(30)
If the S-RAS transmits all the traffic to the T-RAS, the forwarding path is removed.
(31)
If an MS successfully receives the RNG-RAS message, the MS transmits Bandwidth
Request (BR) MAC PDU to RAS to inform the reception of the message.
(32)~(33)
The T-RAS transmits the HO-Complete message to S-RAS to notify the completion
of handover.
(34)~(35)
The RAS notifies the new CMAC_KEY_COUNT value updated by MS to the ACR,
which is an authenticator.
(36)~(38)
When the handover procedure is completed, the old path between the S-RAS and
the ACR is removed.
Inter-ACR Handover
Inter-ACR handover within the same ASN considers the path extension via the R6 interface.
The inter-ACR handover procedure is the same with the inter-RAS handover procedure.
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
Inter-ASN Handover: ASN-Anchored Mobility
Inter-ASN handover is divided into the ASN-anchored mobility method via the R4
interface and the CSN-anchored mobility method via the R3/R4 interface. The following
figure indicates the inter-ASN handover procedure of the ASN-anchored mobility method,
the Serving ACR (S-ACR) performs the anchor function.
MS
S-RAS
S-ACR
T-ACR
T-RAS1
T-RAS2
1) MOB-MSHO-REQ
2) HO-Request
3) HO-Request
4) HO-Request
6) HO-Response
5) HO-Response
7) HO-Response
8) MOB-BSHO-RSP
9) HO-Ack
10) HO-Ack
11) HO-Ack
12) MOB-HO-IND
13) HO-Confirm
14) HO-Confirm
15) HO-Confirm
18) HO-Ack
17) HO-Ack
16) HO-Ack
19) Fast Ranging IE ()
AK Context Transfer
R4 Data Path Setup
21) Context-Request
20) Context-Request
22) Context-Report
23) Context-Report
25) Path Pre-Reg Request 24) Path Pre-Reg Request
26) Path Pre-Reg Response
27) Path Pre-Reg Response
29) Path Pre-Reg Ack 28) Path Pre-Reg Ack
30) RNG-REQ
32) Path Reg Request 31) Path Reg Request
33) Path Reg Response 34) Path Reg Response
36) Path Reg Ack
35) Path Reg Ack
37) RNG-RSP
38) MAC PDU with SN Report Header (Opt.) or BW Request with 0 (Opt.)
40) HO-Complete
39) HO-Complete
41) HO-Complete
43) CMAC_COUNT_
UPDATE
44) CMAC_COUNT_
UPDATE Ack
42) CMAC_COUNT_UPDATE
45) CMAC_COUNT_UPDATE Ack
46) Path De-Reg Request
47) Path De-Reg Response
Figure 4.12 Inter-ASN Handover (ASN-Anchored Mobility)
The HO signaling procedure is the same with the inter-RAS handover procedure, however
in the HO signaling procedure, the procedure of exchanging the HO signaling message via
the R4 interface is added between the S-ACR and the Target ACR (T-ACR).
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
Classification
(1)~(4)
Description
The MS, in order to request a handover, sends the S-RAS (Serving RAS) an
MOB_MSHO-REQ message including the neighbor BS (RAS) ID and handoverrelated parameters. The S-RAS sends the ACR an HO-Request message
including the received MOB_MSHO-REQ parameters and context information.
The ACR forwards the HO-Request message to the T-RAS (Target RAS).
(5)~(11)
The T-RAS sends the ACR an HO-Response message including its own
capability information. The S-RAS sends the MS an MOB_BSHO-RSP message
including the Recommended Neighbor BS-IDs, HO-ID, and parameter results.
(12)~(18)
The MS, in order to notify the final execution of the handover, sends the S-RAS
an MOB_HO-IND message including the HO-IND Type and Target BS-ID.
The S-RAS sends the T-RAS an HO-Confirm message including the context
information and data integrity information (e.g., the Buffered SDU SN) of the MS.
(19)~(22)
The T-RAS sends a Context-Request message to the ACR (authenticator) to
obtain the AK Context information. The ACR responds with a Context-Response
message including the AK context information.
(23)~(28)
The path pre-registration procedure is performed to set up a new data path
between the ACR and T-RAS. In addition, a forwarding path to transmit the traffic
that the S-RAS has not yet transmitted to the MS is set up to the T-RAS, and is
used to send that traffic to the T-RAS.
(29)
In the event that the T-RAS requests an HO for the MS, it notifies the MS of the
UL_MAP IE so that the MS can send an HO Ranging Request message via the
uplink.
(30)
The MS sends the T-RAS an RNG-REQ message including the MAC address,
Serving BS-ID, and HO Indication.
(31)~(36)
The Path Registration procedure is performed to exchange the service flow (SF)
information to be mapped to the data path generated between the ACR and
T-RAS in steps (23)~(28).
(37)
The T-RAS responds with an RNG-RSP message including the HO Optimization
flag and the CID_Update and SA-TEK_Update information.
(38)
Once it has received the RNG-RSP message successfully, the MS sends a
bandwidth request (BR) MAC PDU to the RAS to notify it.
(39)~(41)
The T-RAS sends an HO-Complete message to the S-RAS to notify the handover
is completed.
(42)~(45)
The RAS sends the new CMAC_KEY_COUNT updated value for the MS to the
ACR which is the authenticator.
(46)~(47)
When the handover procedure is completed, the previous path, i.e. the existing
path between the S-RAS and ACR, is released.
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
Inter-ASN Handover: CSN-Anchored Mobility
The following is handover of the CSN-anchored mobility method among the types of interASN handover, the anchor function is relocated from the Serving ACR (S-ACR) to the
Target ACR (T-ACR).
CSN-anchored mobility is composed of the process that Authenticator/DPF Anchor is
relocated to the target ACR after ASN-anchored mobility handover is performed.
For convenience, the case that T-ACR triggers the relocation is defined in pull mode and
the other case that S-ACR triggers is in push mode. Samsung’s Mobile WiMAX system
supports both pull mode and push mode.
The CSN-anchored mobility method follows the MIP standard, and the NWG defines the
PMIP and the CMIP for the MIP method. The first part of the CSN-anchored handover
signaling process is the same as the procedure of ASN-anchored mobility handover and the
procedure after the ASN-anchored handover is as follows:
MS
T-RAS
S-ACR
(Anchor)
T-ACR
AAA
HA
Inter-ASN HHO
1) Relocation Notify
Pull
Model
2) Relocation Notify Ack
3) Relocation Request
Push
Model
4) Relocation Response
5) Re-authentication
6) Relocation Confirm
7) Relocation Confirm Ack
8) Context Report
9) Context Ack
Pull Mode
10) Anchor DPF HO
11) Anchor DPF HO
PMIP Re-registration
12) MIP REG REQ
13) MIP REG RSP
CMIP Re-registration
14) Agent Advertisement
15) CMIP REG REQ
16) MIP REG REQ
18) CMIP REG RSP
17) MIP REG RSP
19) Anchor DPF HO Response
20) Registration Revocation Request
21) Registration Revocation Ack
22) Diameter: ACR/RADIUS: Accounting Request stop
23) Diameter: ACA/RADIUS: Accounting Response stop
24) Diameter: STR
25) Diameter: STA
Figure 4.13 Inter-ASN Handover (CSN-Anchored Mobility)
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
Classification
(1)~(7)
Description
This is the procedure to relocate the Authenticator from the S-ACR to the T-ACR,
the T-ACR triggers in order that the MS performs the EAP authentication
procedure with the AAA server again. The T-ACR completes the Authenticator
Relocation procedure by notifying the S-RAS of the authentication result.
(8)~(9)
S_ACR sends MS context information to T_ACR.
(10)~(19)
FA relocation and authenticator are triggered, and the registration of the PMIP or
the CMIP is processed.
(20)~(21)
The S-ACR cancels the S-ACR registration of the MS in the HA.
(22)~(25)
The S-ACR, in interoperation with the AAA server, updates the final accounting
information for the MS. If the Diameter is used as the AAA protocol, the S-ACR
performs the session release procedure from the AAA server. However, when the
RADIUS protocol is used, only the Accounting Request stop procedure and the
Accounting Response stop procedure are processed and the STR/STA
procedure is omitted.
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
4.1.7 Access Termination
Access Termination (Awake Mode)
The following is the procedure that the access is terminated because the power of the
Awake Mode MS is turned off.
MS
RAS
ACR
AAA
HA
1) DREG-REQ
(ReqCode: 0)
2) DREG-CMD
(ActionCode: 4)
3) Path Deregistration Request
(Power Down Indication)
4) MIP release
5) Path Deregistration Response
6) Path Deregistration Ack
7) Diameter: ACR/RADIUS: Accounting Request
8) Diameter: ACA/RADIUS: Accounting Response
9) Diameter: STR
10) Diameter: STA
Figure 4.14 Access Termination (Awake Mode)
Classification
(1)~(3)
Description
If the power of the Awake Mode MS is turned off, the MS transmits the DREGREQ message including ‘Deregistration code=0’ to the RAS, and the RAS notifies
the ACR of this.
(4)
ACR release the MIP related information with HA.
(5)~(6)
The ACR notifies the RAS of the result of power down processing, and release
the data path.
(7)~(10)
The S-ACR updates the information on interworking with the AAA server and the
final accounting information of MS. Diameter is applied to AAA protocol, S-ACR
performs the session termination procedure. However, when the RADIUS
protocol is used, only the Accounting Request stop and Accounting Response
stop operations are performed, and the STR/STA procedure is omitted.
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
Access Termination (Idle Mode)
The following is the procedure that the access is terminated because the power of the Idle
Mode MS is turned off.
RAS
MS
ACR
AAA
HA
1) RNG-REQ
(Location Update Request, Power down Indication)
2) LU Request
3) LU Response
4) RNG-RSP
(Location Update Response)
5) LU Confirm
6) MIP release
7) Diameter: STR/RADIUS: Accounting Request stop
8) Diameter: STA/RADIUS: Accounting Response stop
Figure 4.15 Access Termination (Idle Mode)
Classification
(1)~(5)
Description
If the power of the Idle Mode MS is turned off, the MS transmits the RNG-REQ
message including the Power Down Indicator to the RAS, and the RAS notifies
the ACR of this. The ACR deletes the information of the MS.
(6)
ACR release the MIP related information with HA.
(7)~(8)
Diameter is applied to AAA protocol, S-ACR performs the session termination
procedure. However, when the RADIUS protocol is used, only the Accounting
Request stop and Accounting Response stop operations are performed, instead
of the STR/STA process.
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
4.2 Network Synchronization Message Flow
The outdoor SPI-2210 uses GPS for the system synchronization. The UCCM of the MMAS, which is the GPS reception module, creates the clock with the clock information
received from a GPS and then distributes the clock to each hardware module in the outdoor
SPI-2210.
MMA-S(B) (UCCM-B)
MMA-S(A) (UCCM-A)
MBB-P
1port
1port
56 MHz (System Clock)
TDD
UTIM (I/O Panel)
61.44 MHz
PP2S
Analog 10MHz
40.96S
AICU
80 msec
2ports
Figure 4.16 Network Synchronization Flow of Outdoor SPI-2210
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
4.3 Alarm Signal Flow
The detection of failures in the outdoor SPI-2210 can be implemented by hardware
interrupt or software polling method. The failures generated in the outdoor SPI-2210 are
reported to the management system via the SNMP trap message.
Failure Alarm Types

System Failure Alarms
Time Sync Fail, Fan Fail, Temperature High, etc.

Board Failure Alarms
 Hardware Failure Alarms: BOARD DELETION, FUNCTION FAIL, etc.
 Software Failure Alarms: COMMUNICATION FAIL, PORT DOWN, CPU
OVERLOAD, OVER POWER, etc.

UDA
24 UDAs are supported.

Environmental alarm via UCM
Failure Report Message Flow
The main OAM (UFM) collects the failures detected from each board and UDA interface
of the outdoor SPI-2210 and notifies them to the management system. At this time, it only
reports the upper failure information by using the failure filtering function. If it receives the
command to inhibit the report for a specific failure or all system failures from the
management system, it does not report the failure report.
The flows for the failure detection and the report message are as shown in the figures below:
WSM
(SNMP Manager)
Outdoor SPI-2210
Outdoor SPI-2210
MMA-S
UCCM
Alarm detection
Alarm filtering
Alarm Report
(SNMP trap)
MRA-S
MEI
MRU-2
UCM
MMA-S
UCCMA
Alarm detection
Alarm filtering
Alarm Report
(SNMP trap)
MRA-S
MEI
MRU-2
UCM
Figure 4.17 Alarm Signal Flow of Outdoor SPI-2210
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
4-26
Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
MMA-S(A)
MMA-S(B)
Back board
(A)
(B)
UDE
UCM
UDA
RS485
(Rectifier)
Photo Coupler
FF/DEL
Reset
FF/DEL/Reset
Expansion Bus
(MEI Alarm)
Figure 4.18 Alarm and Control Structure of Outdoor SPI-2210
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
4-27
Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
4.4 Loading Message Flow
Loading is the procedure to download the software execution files and the data from the IS,
which are required to perform each function of each processor and each device of the
outdoor SPI-2210. Loading the outdoor SPI-2210 is performed in the procedure of
initializing the system. In addition, if a specific board is mounted on the system or the
hardware is reset, or if the operator of the upper management system reboots a specific
board, loading is performed.
Loading is classified into two types, one is loading by using its own nonvolatile storage
and the other is loading by using the remote IS. When the system is initialized for the first
time, the outdoor SPI-2210 receives the loading by using the remote IS, and after this,
saves the corresponding information in the internal storage, and backs up the recent
information periodically, and then it is available to avoid unnecessary loading. After the
first initialization, if the information saved in its own storage is the recent information by
comparing the version, the outdoor SPI-2210 does not receive the remote loading.
The loaded information includes the software image which is configured with the execution
file and the script file, the configuration information, the PLD related to the operation
parameter and various configuration files. Among them, all the information required for the
static routing function of the outdoor SPI-2210 is saved in its own storage as the startup
configure file format, and provides the information required at the time of the initialization.
Loading Procedure
To perform the loading procedure when initializing the outdoor SPI-2210, the loader
performs the followings first. (Pre-loading)

Boot-up: The booter of the Flash ROM loads the kernel and the Root File System
(RFS) from the flash ROM to the RAM Disk, and performs the kernel. The DPSA,
which uses the Intel CPU, loads the kernel and the RFS from the Disk On Chip (DOC)
to the RAM Disk via ROM BIOS booting and performs the kernel.

IP configuration: The IP address information is obtained and configured from the flash
ROM to allow it to communicate with the first upper management system.
For automatic initialization, the outdoor SPI-2210 automatically obtains the L3
information needed for communication, such as the IP address, subnet mask, and
gateway IP address from DHCP. At this time, it also receives the IP address of the
additional information server, and asks for its ID and the IP address of the RS to which
its ID is registered.

Registration: The NE is registered to the RS, and the IP address of the IS is acquired
during the registration.

Version Comparison: The version of the software image and the version of the PLD
saved in the remote IS and in the internal storage are compared, and the location where
to perform loading is determined from that.

File List Download: The list of the files to be loaded is downloaded for each board.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
4-28
Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
Loading Message Flow
After performing the pre-loading procedure, if the method of loading is determined, the
Main OAM (ULM) of the MMA-S which performs the operation and the maintenance of
the entire Outdoor SPI-2210 performs loading by using the SFTP to the corresponding IS
(remote IS or its own storage). Then, the Main OAM (ULM) becomes the internal image
server for the lower board and performs the loading procedure.
The information on the software loaded in the outdoor SPI-2210 can be checked in the
upper management system.
The loading message flow is as the following figure:
WSM(RS/IS)
Outdoor SPI-2210
Non-volatile
Storage
MMA-S
MRA-S
Outdoor SPI-2210
Registration
Image Loading
RS/IS
Non-volatile
Storage
••••
MMA-S
Registration
Image Loading
RS/IS
MRA-S
Figure 4.19 Loading Message Flow
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
4-29
Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
4.5 Operation and Maintenance Message Flow
An operator can check and change the status of the outdoor SPI-2210 by means of the
management system. To this end, the outdoor SPI-2210 provides the SNMP agent function.
The function enables the WSM operator to perform the operation and maintenance function
of the outdoor SPI-2210 at remote site by using the SNMP.
In addition, the operator can perform Web-EMT based maintenance function by using a
Web browser in a console terminal or IMISH based maintenance function by using the SSH
connection. However, grow/degrow, paging information change and neighbor list change
functions are only available on WSM.
The statistical information provided by the outdoor SPI-2210 are provided to the operator
according to collection period and the real-time monitoring function for a specific
statistical item specified by the operator is, also, provided.
Operation and Maintenance Message Flow
The operation and maintenance of the outdoor SPI-2210 is carried out via the SNMP
get/get_next/get_bulk/set/trap message between the SNMP agent on the main OAM and the
SNMP manager of the WSM. The outdoor SPI-2210 deals with various operation and
maintenance messages received from the SNMP manager of the management system,
transfers the results and reports the events, such as failure generation or status change, in
real time as applicable.
The statistical information is provided as statistical file format in unit of Bucket
Interval(BI) and the collection period can be specified as one of 15, 30 and 60 minutes.
The OAM signal flow is as shown in the figure below:
Web-EMT(HTTP Client)/
IMISH
WSM
(SNMP Manager)
Outdoor SPI-2210
Outdoor SPI-2210
HTTP Server
CLIM
MMA-S
HTTP Server
SNMP Agent
MRA-S
SNMP Agent
••••
CLIM
MMA-S
MRA-S
SNMP get/set/get_next/get_bulk, SNMP trap
HTTP message (command/response)
CLI Command
Statistical Date
Figure 4.20 Operation and Maintenance Signal Flow
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
4-30
Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description
CHAPTER 5. Additional Functions
and Tools
5.1 TTLNA/RET
The outdoor SPI-2210 can support Tower Top Low Noise Amplifier (TTLNA) and Remote
Electrical Tilting (RET) when the AICU, 3rd party device, is mounted on the system.
TTLNA has the structure that an antenna and LNA is integrated, and service provider can
select and use TTLNA to enhance the reception noise performance. At this time, the AICU
can supply the power to maximal 12 TTLNAs, and perform the alarm and control function
for the TTLNA.
The outdoor SPI-2210 exchange with the alarm and control message for the TTLNA with
WSM through AICU (AISG interface), MEI (Ethernet port) and MMA-S, and the WSM
can carry out RET function that control the vertical direction of the antenna beam at a
remote site via such path.
WSM
(SNMP Manager)
TTLNA-0
MMA-S
TTLNA-1
•
•
MEI
AISG
AICU
Outdoor SPI-2210
TTLNA-11
Antenna
Figure 5.1 TTLNA/RET Interface
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
5-1
Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
5.2 Web-EMT
The Web-EMT is a type of GUI-based consol terminals and the tool to access the outdoor
SPI-2210 directly, monitor the device status and perform operation and maintenance.
An operator can execute the Web-EMT only with Internet Explorer and the installation of
additional software is not necessary. In addition, GUI is provided in HTTPs protocol type
internally.
Web-EMT
HTTP message
HTTP message
Outdoor SPI-2210
Outdoor SPI-2210
MMA-S
MMA-S
HTTP Server
HTTP Server
OAM command/response
MRA-S
OAM command/response
••••
MRA-S
Figure 5.2 Web-EMT Interface
The Web-EMT enables the operator to restart the outdoor SPI-2210 or internal boards,
inquire/set configuration and operation parameters, carry out status and failure monitoring
and perform the diagnosis function. However, the functions for resource grow/degrow or
the changes of the operation information concerned with neighbor list are only available on
the WSM managing the entire network and the loading image.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
5-2
Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description
ABBREVIATION
AA
Access Accept
AAA
Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
AC
Admission Control
ACR
Access Control Router
ADC
Analog to Digital Conversion
AGC
Automatic Gain Control
AICU
Antenna Interface Control Unit
AISG
Antenna Interface Standards Group
AMC
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
API
Application Programming Interface
AR
Access Request
ARQ
Automatic Repeat request
ASN
Access Service Network
BI
Bucket Interval
BP
Board Processor
CC
Call Control
CID
Connection Identifier
CLEI
Common Language Equipment Identifier
CLIM
Command Line Interface Management
CLLI
Common Language Location Identifier
CMIP
Client Mobile IP
CoS
Class of Service
CSN
Connectivity Service Network
CTC
Convolutional Turbo Code
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
DACS
Direct Air Cooling System
DD
Device Driver
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DL
Downlink
DMB
Digital Main Block
DST
Daylight Saving Time
EAP
Extensible Authentication Protocol
EMI
Electro-Magnetic Interference
EMI
EMS Interface
EMS
Element Management System
FA
Foreign Agent
FA
Frequency Allocation
FAN-POD
FAN module-Premium Outdoor DMB
FAN-POR
FAN module-Premium Outdoor RFB
FE
Fast Ethernet
FEC
Forward Error Correction
FFT
Fast Fourier Transform
FRP
Frequency Reuse Pattern
GBIC
Gigabit Interface Converter
GE
Gigabit Ethernet
GPS
Global Positioning System
GPSR
GPS Receiver
GRE
Generic Routing Encryption
GUI
Graphical User Interface
HA
Home Agent
H-ARQ
Hybrid-Automatic Repeat request
HO
Handover
HTTPs
Hypertext Transfer Protocol over SSL
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IMISH
Integrated Management Interface Shell
IP
Internet Protocol
IPRS
IP Routing Software
IS
Image Server
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
II
Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
LTE
Long Term Evolution
LVDS
Low Voltage Differential Signaling
MAC
Medium Access Control
MBB-P
Mobile WiMAX base station Backplane Board-Premium
MCU
Mobile WiMAX base station RF Combiner Unit
MEI
Mobile WiMAX base station External Interface board assembly
MIMO
Multiple Input Multiple Output
MIP
Mobile IP
MLPPP
Multi Link Point to Point Protocol
MMA-S
Mobile WiMAX base station Main control board Assembly-Standard
MRA-S
Mobile WiMAX base station RAS board Assembly-Standard
MRR
Mobile WiMAX base station RF Receiver
MRU-2
Mobile WiMAX base station RF Unit-20 MHz
MS
Mobile Station
MW
Middleware
NE
Network Element
NP
Network Processor
NPS
Network Processor Software
NWG
Network Working Group
OAGS
Common SNMP Agent Subagent
OAM
Operation and Maintenance
OCM
Common Configuration Management
OER
Common Event Router
OEV
Common Event Viewer
OFDMA
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
OPM
Common Performance Management
OS
Operating System
OSSM
Common Subscription Service Management
PAM
Pluggable Authentication Module
PBA
Panel Board Assembly
PCB
Printed Circuit Board
PCRF
Policy & Charging Rules Function
PDP-PO
Power Distribution Panel-Premium Outdoor
PDP-PA
Power Distribution Panel-Premium Auxiliary
PDU
Protocol Data Unit
PF
Proportional Fair
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
PGID
Paging Cycle, Paging Offset
PHY
Physical Layer
PLD
Programmable Loading Data
PMIP
Proxy Mobile IP
PP2S
Pulse Per 2 Seconds
PPP
Point to Point Protocol
QAM
Quadrature Amplifier Modulation
QCS
Quick Connection Setup
QoS
Quality of Service
RAS
Radio Access Station
RDM
RAS Diagnosis Management
RET
Remote Electrical Tilting
RFB
RF Block
RFS
Root File System
RRC
RAS Resource Controller
RS
Registration Server
RSC
RAS Service Controller
RSSI
Received Signal Strength Indicator
RTC
RAS Traffic Controller
SAE
System Architecture Evolution
SBC
Subscriber Station Basic Capacity
SDU
Service Data Unit
SFP
Small Form Factor Pluggable
SFTP
SSH File Transfer Protocol
SM
Spatial Multiplexing
SMOR
Samsung Mobile WiMAX base station Outdoor Rack
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
SNMPD
SNMP Daemon
SSH
Secure Shell
SSL
Secure Sockets Layer
SSR
Solid State Relay
STC
Space Time Coding
TCA
Threshold Cross Alert
TDD
Time Division Duplex
TTLNA
Tower Top Low Noise Amplifier
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
IV
Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
UCCM
Universal Core Clock Module
UCM
Universal Control Module
UDA
User Defined Alarm
UDE
User Define Ethernet
UDP
User Datagram Protocol
UFM
Common Fault Management
UL
Uplink
ULM
Universal Loading Management
VIF
Virtual Interface
VLAN
Virtual Local Area Network
Web-EMT
Web-based Element Maintenance Terminal
WLAN
Wireless Local Area Network
WSM
Mobile WiMAX System Manager
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
This page is intentionally left blank.
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
VI
Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description
INDEX
4-branch Rx Diversity ............2-2, 3-8
CC
overview ............................. 3-22, 3-23
AAA server.................................... 1-5
AC................................................. 2-6
Access Termination .................... 4-23
ACR .....................................1-5, 2-18
Active/standby ............................ 3-43
AICU ....................................3-10, 5-1
Alarm ...................................3-4, 4-26
Altitude........................................ 2-15
ARQ .............................................. 2-7
ASN Interface ............................. 2-20
ASN-GW ....................................... 1-2
Authentication ......................2-10, 4-4
Auxiliary Device .....................2-9, 3-2
Awake Mode ........................4-7, 4-23
Backboard..................................... 3-4
Beamforming .........................2-2, 2-5
BF ............................................... 2-14
BI ................................................ 4-30
Board OAM ................................. 3-27
Boot-up ....................................... 4-28
BS ................................................. 1-2
Cabinet ....................................... 2-14
Call processing ......................2-5, 4-1
Call Trace.................................... 2-11
Capacity...................................... 2-14
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
structure ...................................... 3-23
Channel Bandwidth .................... 2-14
Channel Card ............................. 2-14
CID................................................ 2-6
CLIM ........................................... 3-31
Clock....................................3-4, 4-25
Collaborative SM .......................... 2-5
Contention Based Bandwidth
Request ........................................ 2-3
CSM.............................................. 2-2
DACS.......................................... 3-12
Damper....................................... 3-13
Decoding ...................................... 2-3
Demodulation ............................... 2-3
Device Driver .............................. 3-22
Disabling ZCS............................. 2-13
DL/UL MAP................................... 2-4
DMB.......................................3-1, 3-3
Dual Stack .................................... 2-8
Earthquake ................................. 2-15
EMI ....................................2-15, 3-27
Encoding....................................... 2-3
Environmental Alarm .................. 2-15
Environmental Condition ............ 2-15
Ethernet CoS ................................ 2-9
Ethernet interface ................2-20, 3-4
Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
FAN-POD....................................3-13
FAN-POR....................................3-13
FCIM ...........................................3-18
FFT .............................................2-14
Frequency Allocation ....................2-2
FRP...............................................2-2
Link aggregation ........ 2-20, 3-5, 3-44
LNA............................................... 3-8
Loader......................................... 3-35
Loading ..............................4-28, 4-29
Location update .......................... 4-11
LPME .......................................... 3-18
GPSR..........................................2-16
message flow .............................. 4-17
MAC ARQ ..................................... 2-7
Main OAM................................... 3-27
Matrix A......................................... 2-4
Matrix B......................................... 2-5
MBB-P .......................................... 3-4
MCU.......................................3-8, 3-9
MEI
overview ................................. 1-7, 2-6
detailed information........................3-6
H-ARQ ..........................................2-4
HDM............................................3-13
Heat radiation .............................3-14
Heater .........................................3-13
Heating .......................................3-15
Holdover .......................................3-5
Humidity Condition......................2-15
overview.........................................3-4
HA .................................................1-5
Handover
Membrane filter........................... 3-13
Middleware ................................. 3-21
MIMO ............. 2-2, 2-4, 2-14, 3-4, 3-8
MMA-S
detailed information........................3-5
overview.........................................3-4
redundancy ..................................3-43
I/O module ..................................3-18
Idle Mode ..................... 2-6, 4-7, 4-24
IMISH ..........................................2-10
Initial Access .................................4-1
Input Power.................................2-14
Input Voltage...............................2-14
Integrity Check............................2-12
Interface.............................2-18, 3-19
IP configuration...........................4-28
IP QoS ..........................................2-8
IP Routing .....................................2-8
IPRS............................................3-22
IS.................................................4-28
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
Mobile communication.................. 1-1
Mobile WiMAX
introduction.....................................1-1
network ..........................................1-4
standard .........................................1-2
system function ..............................1-6
Modulation .................................... 2-3
MRA-S
detailed information........................3-6
overview.........................................3-4
redundancy ..................................3-44
MRR............................... 2-2, 3-8, 3-9
MRU-2 .......................................... 3-8
MS .............................................. 2-18
II
Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
NAT............................................... 2-8
Network Synchronization............ 4-25
Noise........................................... 2-15
NPS ............................................ 3-22
QAM symbol ................................. 2-4
QCS.............................................. 4-9
QoS........................................2-7, 2-8
OAGS ......................................... 3-29
OAM............................................ 3-22
interface ....................................... 3-26
overview....................................... 3-26
structure....................................... 3-26
OAM Traffic Throttling................. 2-12
OCIM .......................................... 3-18
OCM ........................................... 3-40
OER ............................................ 3-39
OEV ............................................ 3-39
OFDMA.......................... 2-1, 2-3, 3-4
Operation and Maintenance ....... 4-30
OPM............................................ 3-37
OS............................................... 3-21
OSSM ......................................... 3-38
Outdoor SPI-2210
configuration .........................2-17, 3-2
interface ....................................... 2-18
R1 interface ................................ 2-19
R6 interface ................................ 2-19
Ranging ........................................ 2-3
RAS .............................................. 1-4
RDM............................................ 3-41
Redundancy ............................... 3-43
RET............................................... 5-1
RF Band ..................................... 2-14
RF Specification.......................... 2-16
RFB........................................3-1, 3-7
RJIM ........................................... 3-18
RRC ...................................3-23, 3-24
RSC ...................................3-23, 3-24
RTC ...................................3-23, 3-25
Rx Diversity ................................ 2-14
introduction .................................... 2-1
Sensor ........................................ 3-16
Sleep Mode .................................. 2-6
software ....................................... 3-21
status ............................................. 4-8
Output Power.............................. 2-14
SM ................................................ 2-5
SMOR................................2-14, 2-17
SNMP agent ............................... 4-30
SNMP manager .......................... 4-30
SNMPD....................................... 3-28
Software Upgrade....................... 2-11
SSR ............................................ 3-17
Status Change .............................. 4-7
STC............................................... 2-4
Subchannelization ........................ 2-4
Paging......................................... 4-16
PAM ............................................ 3-32
PCRF server ................................. 1-5
PDP-PO ...............................3-1, 3-10
Power amplification ...................... 3-8
Power Control......................2-4, 2-14
Power Structure .......................... 3-11
Pre-loading ........................3-35, 4-28
Protocol Stack............................. 2-19
PSFMR ....................................... 2-11
PSMR ......................................... 2-11
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
III
Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210 System Description/Ed.05
TCA.............................................2-12
TDD switch ...................................3-8
Temperature Condition ...............2-15
Throughput Test..........................2-13
TTLNA ..........................................5-1
Vibration...................................... 2-15
VLAN ............................................ 2-9
UAIM ...........................................3-18
UCCM ........................ 3-5, 3-43, 4-25
UCM............................................3-16
UDA .......................................2-9, 3-4
UDE ..............................................3-4
UFM ............................................3-33
ULM ............................................3-36
Uplink Timing Synchronization .....2-3
UTIM ...........................................3-18
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
Web-EMT..................... 2-10, 3-5, 5-2
WebEMT..................................... 3-30
Wireless Backhaul ........................ 2-9
WLAN ........................................... 1-1
WSM .......................... 1-5, 2-18, 4-30
IV
Mobile WiMAX Outdoor RAS SPI-2210
System Description
©2007~2009 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
All rights reserved.
Information in this manual is proprietary to SAMSUNG
Electronics Co., Ltd.
No information contained here may be copied, translated,
transcribed or duplicated by any form without the prior written
consent of SAMSUNG.
Information in this manual is subject to change without notice.
MPE Information
Warning: Exposure to Radio Frequency Radiation The radiated output power
of this device is far below the FCC radio frequency exposure limits.
Nevertheless, the device should be used in such a manner that the potential
for human contact during normal operation is minimized. In order to avoid
the possibility of exceeding the FCC radio frequency exposure limits, human
proximity to the antenna should not be less than 300cm during normal
operation. The gain of the antenna is 17 dBi. The antenna(s) used for this
transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other
antenna or transmitter.
ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.

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