Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories SEL-3031 SEL-3031 User Manual 3031 IM

Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. SEL-3031 3031 IM

Contents

User Manual

SEL-3031Serial RadioTransceiverInstruction Manual*PM3031-01*20091009
© 2009 by Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.All brand or product names appearing in this document are the trademark or registered trademark of their respective holders. No SEL trademarks may be used without written permission. SEL products appearing in this document may be covered by US and Foreign patents.Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. reserves all rights and benefits afforded under federal and international copyright and patent laws in its products, including without limitation software, firmware, and documentation.The information in this manual is provided for informational use only and is subject to change without notice. Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. has approved only the English language manual.This product is covered by the standard SEL 10-year warranty. For warranty details, visit www.selinc.com or contact your customer service representative. PM3031-01SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualTable of ContentsList of Tables........................................................................................................... iiiList of Figures...........................................................................................................vPreface...................................................................................................................... viiSection 1: Introduction and OverviewOverview ................................................................................................................1.1Features, Benefits, and Applications......................................................................1.2Models, Options, and Accessories .........................................................................1.2Product Diagrams...................................................................................................1.4Specifications .........................................................................................................1.7Section 2: InstallationOverview ................................................................................................................2.1Connections............................................................................................................2.7Front-Panel Indicators..........................................................................................2.11Communications ..................................................................................................2.12Section 3: Job Done ExamplesOverview ................................................................................................................3.1High-Speed Teleprotection or Control With MIRRORED BITS Communications..........................................................................................3.1Using an SEL Information Processor to Collect Relay Status and Measurements..............................................................................................3.6Section 4: Settings and CommandsPC Software............................................................................................................4.1Settings...................................................................................................................4.5Commands............................................................................................................4.15Section 5: Performance Monitoring, Testing, and TroubleshootingOverview ................................................................................................................5.1Monitoring Radio Performance..............................................................................5.1Self-Test .................................................................................................................5.5Troubleshooting .....................................................................................................5.6Appendix A: Firmware and Manual VersionsFirmware ...............................................................................................................A.1Instruction Manual ................................................................................................A.1
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Table of ContentsiiAppendix B: SEL-3044 Encryption CardOverview................................................................................................................B.1NIST FIPS 140-2 Level 2 Security Requirements ................................................B.1Theory of Operation—SEL Protocol.....................................................................B.2
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualList of TablesTable 1.1 Radio Antenna and Cable Accessories..................................1.3Table 2.1 Fresnel Zone Diameter ..........................................................2.3Table 2.2 900-MHz Frequency Skip Zones...........................................2.6Table 2.3 Length vs. Loss in Coaxial Cables at 900 MHz ....................2.6Table 2.4 Default Passwords................................................................2.10Table 2.5 Password Jumper Position ...................................................2.10Table 2.6 Communications Cables for Time and Communications Connections ....................................................................2.11Table 2.7 Front-Panel Status Indicator LEDs......................................2.11Table 2.8 SEL-3031 Port Description..................................................2.12Table 2.9 SEL-3031 Port Description..................................................2.13Table 4.1 ACSELERATOR QuickSet SEL-5030 Software ......................4.1Table 4.2 Device Editor Menus.............................................................4.9Table 4.3 Global Settings ....................................................................4.11Table 4.4 Radio Settings......................................................................4.12Table 4.5 SKIP Zone Frequencies.......................................................4.12Table 4.6 Port X Settings.....................................................................4.14Table 4.7 Fixed Port Settings...............................................................4.15Table 4.8 DATE Command..................................................................4.17Table 4.9 ID Command .......................................................................4.17Table 4.10 IRIG Command ...................................................................4.18Table 4.11 L_D Command ....................................................................4.18Table 4.12 PAS Command.....................................................................4.19Table 4.13 Factory Default Passwords ..................................................4.19Table 4.14 Valid Password Characters ..................................................4.20Table 4.15 QUIT Command ..................................................................4.20Table 4.16 RAD Command ...................................................................4.21Table 4.17 SER Command ....................................................................4.22Table 4.18 SET Command (Change Settings).......................................4.22Table 4.19 SET Command Editing Keystrokes.....................................4.23Table 4.20 SHO Command (Show/View Settings)................................4.23Table 4.21 STA Command (Device Self-Test Status) ...........................4.24Table 4.22 STA Command Report.........................................................4.24Table 4.23 Command Definitions..........................................................4.25Table 5.1 Device Self-Tests ...................................................................5.5Table 5.2 Troubleshooting Tips.............................................................5.6Table A.1 Firmware Revision History...................................................A.1Table A.2 Instruction Manual Revision History....................................A.1
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Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualList of FiguresFigure 1.1 Product Overview .............................................................................1.1Figure 1.2 SEL-3031 Dimensions......................................................................1.4Figure 1.3 SEL-3031 Rack Mount (Front and Rear) .........................................1.5Figure 1.4 SEL-3031 Wall Mount (Front and Rear) ..........................................1.6Figure 2.1 Fresnel Zone .....................................................................................2.2Figure 2.2 Antenna Polarization.........................................................................2.5Figure 2.3 Wall-Mount and Rack-Mount Rear Connections .............................2.7Figure 2.4 Two-Wire EIA-485 Connections ....................................................2.12Figure 2.5 EIA-232 and EIA-485 DB-9 Connector Pin Numbers ...................2.13Figure 2.6 SEL Cable C245A: SEL-3031 to Computer...................................2.14Figure 2.7 SEL Cable C285: SEL-3031 to DTE Device (SEL Relays)...........2.15Figure 2.8 SEL Cable C782/C387: SEL-3031 to SEL Communications Processor....................................................................................2.15Figure 2.9 USB Interface .................................................................................2.16Figure 3.1 SEL MIRRORED BITS Connection Example......................................3.1Figure 3.2 SEL-3031 Port Settings for MIRRORED BITS Connection ................3.2Figure 3.3 SEL-351 Port Settings for MIRRORED BITS Connection ..................3.3Figure 3.4 SEL-451 Port Settings for MIRRORED BITS Connection ..................3.4Figure 3.5 SEL-2505 DIP Switch Settings for MIRRORED BITS Connection ....3.5Figure 3.6 TAR ROKA Command From an SEL-351 .......................................3.6Figure 3.7 SEL-3031 Linking Information Processors to Relays......................3.6Figure 3.8 SEL-3031 Port 1 Settings for Fast Messaging..................................3.7Figure 3.9 SEL-351 Port Settings for Fast Messaging.......................................3.8Figure 3.10 Example AUTO Command Output...................................................3.9Figure 4.1 Communications Menu.....................................................................4.2Figure 4.2 Serial Port Communications Parameters ..........................................4.3Figure 4.3 Terminal Window Menu ...................................................................4.4Figure 4.4 Device Response to ID Command....................................................4.4Figure 4.5 Selection of Drivers ..........................................................................4.7Figure 4.6 Update Part Number .........................................................................4.8Figure 4.7 New Setting Screen...........................................................................4.8Figure 4.8 Status Screen...................................................................................4.10Figure 4.9 Radio Strength and Channel Availability .......................................4.11Figure 4.10 RAD Command Response..............................................................4.21Figure 4.11 Device Response to the STATUS Command..................................4.24Figure 5.1 Example RAD Command .................................................................5.2Figure 5.2 RBAD Generation.............................................................................5.4Figure B.1 SEL-3044 Encryption Card .............................................................B.1Figure B.2 In-Band Data Packet Format............................................................B.4Figure B.3 Operation of the AES Encryption Function.....................................B.5Figure B.4 Encryption Card Location................................................................B.7
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Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualPrefaceManual OverviewThe SEL-3031 Serial Radio Transceiver manual includes the information needed to properly install and operate the product.The scope of this manual includes specifications, installation, mechanical information, self-monitoring, and alarming.An overview of each manual section and topics follows.Preface. Describes the manual organization and conventions used to present information.Section 1: Introduction and Overview. Describes the basic features and functions of the SEL-3031, and lists the specifications.Section 2: Installation. Describes how to mount and wire the SEL-3031; illustrates wiring connections for various applications.Section 3: Job Done Examples. Describes common SEL-3031 applications.Section 4: Settings and Commands. Describes settings and commands for use with the SEL-3031.Section 5: Performance Monitoring, Testing, and Troubleshooting. Lists common operating and troubleshooting questions.Appendix A: Firmware and Manual Versions. Details differences between firmware versions. Provides a record of changes made to the manual.Appendix B: SEL-3044 Encryption Card. Describes how the encryption card operates to secure wireless data. Provides installation information.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009PrefaceConventionsviiiConventionsSafety InformationThis manual uses three kinds of hazard statements, formatted as follows:Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury or equipment damage.!CAUTIONIndicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.!WARNINGIndicates an imminently hazardous situation that, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.!DANGERSEL-3031 Cautions, Warnings, and DangersThe following hazard statements appear in the body of this manual in English. See the following table for the English and French translation of these statements.English FrenchAlthough the power level is low, concentrated energy from a directional antenna may pose a health hazard. Do not allow users to come closer than 23 cm (9 in) to the antenna when the transmitter is operating in indoor or outdoor environments in the 900-MHz band.!CAUTIONBien que le niveau de puissance soit bas, l'énergie concentrée d'une antenne directionnelle peut être un danger pour la santé. Ne pas autoriser les usagers à s'approcher à moins de 23 cm (9 po) de l'antenne quand l'émetteur est en opération dans un environnement intérieur ou extérieur dans la bande des 900-MHz.!ATTENTIONThe radio contains devices sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). Undetectable permanent damage can result if you do not use proper ESD procedures. Ground yourself, your work surface, and this equipment before removing any cover from this equipment. If your facility is not equipped to work with these components, contact SEL about returning this device and related SEL equipment for service.!CAUTIONLa radio contient des circuits sensibles aux décharges électrostatiques (DES). Des dommages permanents non-décelables peuvent résulter de l’absence de précautions contre les DES. Raccordez-vous correctement à la terre, ainsi que la surface de travail et l’appareil avant d’en retirer un panneau. Si vous n’êtes pas équipés pour travailler avec ce type de composants, contacter SEL afin de retourner l’appareil pour un service en usine.!ATTENTION
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualPrefaceConventionsixOperator safety may be impaired if the device isused in a manner not specified by SEL.!WARNINGLa sécurité de l’opérateur peut être compromise si l’appareil est utilisé d’une façon non indiquée par SEL.!AVERTISSEMENTAtmospheric electrical charge accumulation can cause potential between the conductor and shield of the feedline, or cause lightning to strike an antenna. A lightning protector should be installed to prevent damage to equipment or injury to personnel.!WARNINGL'accumulation de charges électriques de type atmosphérique peut être la cause d'une différence de potentiel entre le conducteur et le blindage de la ligne d'alimentation ou peut attirer la foudre sur l'antenne. Un parafoudre devrait être installé pour prévenir les dommages à l'équipement ou les blessures au personnel.!AVERTISSEMENTDo not look into the fiber (laser) ports/connectors.!WARNINGNe pas regarder vers l’extremité des ports ou connecteurs de fibres pour laser.!AVERTISSEMENTDo not look into the end of an optical cable connected to an optical output.!WARNINGNe pas regarder vers l’extrémité d’un câble optique raccordé à une sortie optique.!AVERTISSEMENTThis device is shipped with default passwords. Default passwords should be changed to privatepasswords at installation. Failure to change each default password to a private password may allow unauthorized access. SEL shall not be responsible for any damage resulting from unauthorized access.!WARNINGCet appareil est expédié avec des mots de passe par défaut. A l’installation, les mots de passe par défaut devront être changés pour des mots de passe confidentiels. Dans le cas contraire, un accés non-autorisé á l’équipement peut être possible. SEL décline toute responsabilité pour tout dommage résultant de cet accés non-autorisé.!AVERTISSEMENTDisconnect or de-energize all external connections before opening this device. Contact with hazardous voltages and currents inside this device can cause electrical shock resulting in injury or death.!DANGERDébrancher tous les raccordements externes avant d’ouvrir cet appareil. Tout contact avec des tensions ou courants internes à l’appareil peut causer un choc électrique pouvant entraîner des blessures ou la mort.!DANGEREnglish French
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Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSection 1Introduction and OverviewOverviewThe SEL-3031 is a 900-MHz, license-free, spread-spectrum radio. The radio operates in the ITU Region 2 ISM band of 902–928 MHz using a fast frequency-hopping algorithm for noise immunity and long-distance operation.The SEL-3031 prevents the need for multiple sets of radios or expensive dedicated fiber transmitting over long distances. Figure 1.1 shows the flexibility of the SEL-3031 in providing DNP3 SCADA information, MIRRORED BITS® control for reclosing coordination, and engineering access to the SEL-651R Recloser Control.Figure 1.1 Product OverviewPole-Mount RadioSubstation RadioDNPEngineeringAccessMIRRORED BITSSEL-3031SEL-351SSEL-651RSEL-3031SEL-3351
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Introduction and OverviewFeatures, Benefits, and Applications1.2Features, Benefits, and Applications➤Three Ports in One Radio Reduce Costs. Simultaneously communicates with up to three independent ports and protocols.➤Low Latency Enables Fast Control. Transfers control commands with a typical 5.5-millisecond latency with SEL MIRRORED BITS® communications.➤Strong Security Thwarts Attackers. Protects critical data and repels malicious attacks with optional encryption card, using session authentication and strong 256-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) technology.➤Tough Radio Operates in Extreme Conditions. Is designed, built, and tested for trouble-free operation in extreme temperature, electromagnetic interference, shock, and vibration conditions.➤No Licensing Reduces Delays and Expenses. Uses the license-free, 900-MHz ISM band for on-time, on-budget projects.➤Mounting Options Simply Installation. Order your SEL-3031 in one of three different packages: rack-mount, wall-mount, and NEMA 3R prewired radio solution.➤Multiple Protocols Satisfy Interconnection Requirements. Communicate with industry-standardized byte-oriented protocols, such as DNP3, Modbus®, SEL MIRRORED BITS communications, IEEE C37.118 Synchrophasors, SEL Fast Messaging, and SEL ASCII.➤Flexible Serial Port Options Match Integration Needs. Order serial Port 1 as EIA-232, EIA-485, or optical fiber to easily connect to your existing devices.➤Simple Settings Streamline Radio Commissioning. Use ACSELERATOR QuickSet® SEL-5030 Software for all settings.➤USB Management Port Conveniently Connects to PC. Make settings changes, verify status information for proper installation, and verify radio performance without affecting the three serial channels.Models, Options, and AccessoriesStandard Features➤Three EIA-232 serial ports➤IRIG-B time code input
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualIntroduction and OverviewModels, Options, and Accessories1.3➤Power supply➢Wall mount: 9–30 Vdc➢Rack mount: 24–48 Vdc, 125/250 Vac or Vdc➤ACSELERATOR QuickSet software➤Protocol pass-through support➢DNP3➢Modbus➢SEL MIRRORED BITS➢SEL Fast Messaging➢SEL ASCII➢IEEE C37.118 SynchrophasorsOptional Features➤One port EIA-485➤One port fiber-optic (SEL-2812-compatible)➤SEL-3044 Encryption CardAccessoriesTable 1.1 Radio Antenna and Cable Accessories Description Part NumberFeed LineRG-8 TNC to N Connector C964RG-8 TNC to TNC C965LMR-400 TNC to N Connector C966LMR-400 TNC to TNC C961AntennaThree-element 8.5 dBi Yagi, N Connector 235-0221Five-element 11.1 dBi Yagi, N Connector 235-0220Vertical 2.15 dBi Gain Omni-directional, N Connector 235-0231Surge ProtectionGas Tube Coaxial Surge Protector, TNC Connector 915900139
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Introduction and OverviewProduct Diagrams1.4Product DiagramsFigure 1.2 SEL-3031 Dimensionsi9163bRACK-MOUNT CHASSIS WALL-MOUNT CHASSIS9.15(232.4)18.31(465.1)FRONT19.00(482.6)1.72(43.7)TOP TOP6.40(162.6)6.30(160) 5.73(145.5)3.00(76.2)LEGENDin(mm)SIDE0.21(5.3)8.66(219.7)FRONT SIDE0.05(1.27)1.73(43.9)
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualIntroduction and OverviewProduct Diagrams1.5Figure 1.3 SEL-3031 Rack Mount (Front and Rear)i4210b
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Introduction and OverviewProduct Diagrams1.6Figure 1.4 SEL-3031 Wall Mount (Front and Rear)i4243ci4211b
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualIntroduction and SpecificationsSpecifications1.7SpecificationsGeneralTemperature Range–40° to +85°C per IEC 60068-2-1 and 60068-2-2Operating EnvironmentPollution Degree: 2Relative Humidity: 5–95%, noncondensingMaximum Altitude: 2000 mDimensionsWall Mount: 43.9 mm x 219.7 mm x 162.6 mm(1.73 in x 8.66 in x 6.40 in)Rack Mount: 43.7 mm x 482.6 mm x 160.0 mm(1.72 in x 19.00 in x 6.3 in)Time-Code InputPort 2, Pins 4 and 6Format: Demodulated IRIG-BInput Impedance: 333 Accuracy: ± 5 millisecondsAlarm ContactForm B Contact (open when energized and passes diagnostics)Operating Voltage: 250 Vdc or 190 VacDielectric Test Voltage: 500 VrmsContinuous Carry: 6 ACommunicationsCommunications PortsSerial Port 1: EIA-232, EIA-485 (ordering option)SEL-2812 Fiber-Optic Port (ST connectors)Data Speed: 19200 bps; 9600 bps with encryption cardSerial Port 2, 3: Standard EIA-232Data Speed: 19200 bps; 9600 bps with encryption cardProtocols SupportedModbus, DNP3, SEL MIRRORED BITS Communications (MB8), ACSELERATOR QuickSet SEL-5030 Software Support, SEL ASCII and Compressed ASCII, SEL Fast Messaging, IEEE C37.118 SynchrophasorsRadio LatencySEL-3031MIRRORED BITS: 5.5 ms typicalStandard: 4 ms typicalSEL-3031 With SEL-3044 Encryption CardMIRRORED BITS: 16 ms typicalStandard: 15 ms typicalRadioTransmitterFrequency Band: 902–928 MHz ISM bandModulation: GFSKOperating Mode: Point-to-PointRF Connector: TNCPower Output: 1 W (30 dBm) to 100 mW (20 dBm) in steps of 1 dBmChannel Bandwidth: 250 kHz
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Introduction and SpecificationsSpecifications1.8ReceiverSensitivity: –97 dBmBit Error Rate (BER): <10–6 at –97 dBmDistance: 20 miles, line of sightError Detection: 32-bit CRC (MB8 mode)Power SupplyRated Supply VoltageWall-Mount Model: 12/24 VdcLow-Voltage Model: 24/48 VdcHigh-Voltage Model: 125/250 Vdc110/240 Vac, 50/60 HzInput Voltage RangeWall-Mount Model: 9–30 VdcLow-Voltage Model: 18–60 VdcHigh-Voltage Model: 85–275 Vdc; 85–264 VacPower ConsumptionWall Mount: < 5 WRack Mount: < 7 WType TestsCommunications Equipment TestsIEEE 1613-2003Environmental TestsEnclosure Protection: IEC 60529:2001Vibration Resistance: IEC 60255-21-1:1988 Class 1 Endurance, Class 2 ResponseIEC 60255-21-3:1993Class 2Shock Resistance: IEC 60255-21-2:1988 Class 1 shock withstand, bump,Class 2 shock responseCold: IEC 60068-2-1:2007 –40°C, 16 hoursDamp Heat, Cyclic: IEC 60068-2-30:2005 25–55°C, 6 cycles, 95% relative humidityDry Heat: IEC 60068-2-2:2007 +85°C, 16 hoursDielectric Strength and Impulse TestsDielectric (HiPot): IEC 60255-5:2000IEEE C37.90–2005Impulse: IEC 60255-5:20000.5 J, 5 kVRFI and Interference TestsEMC ImmunityStandard: IEEE 1613, Class 2Electrostatic Discharge: IEC 61000-4-2:2008Severity Level 48 kV contact discharge15 kV air dischargeIEEE C37.90.3–2001Severity Level 48 kV contact discharge15 kV air dischargeRadiated RF Immunity: IEC 61000-4-3:2008 10 V/mIEEE C37.90.2–200435 V/mFast Transient, Burst Immunity:IEC 61000-4-4:2004 4 kV @ 2.5 kHz, and 5.0 kHz for communications ports, power supply, alarm contactsSurge Withstand Capability Immunity:IEC 60255-22-1:20072.5 kV common-mode, 1 kV differential-modeIEEE C37.90.1–2002 2.5 kV oscillatory, 4 kV fast transient for communications ports, power supply, alarm contactsConducted RF Immunity: IEC 61000-4-6:200810 VrmsDigital Radio Telephone RF Immunity:ENV 50204-1995 Severity Level 10 V/m at 900 MHz and 1.89 GHz
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualIntroduction and SpecificationsSpecifications1.9EMC EmissionsRadiated EmissionsFCC Part 15.247; ICES-001; RSS-210This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.FCC Part 15, Class A; ICES-003Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.FCC Section 15.21Users manual for an intentional or unintentional radiator shall caution the user that changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.CertificationsISO: Equipment designed and manufactured using ISO 9001-certified quality program.FCC ID: R34SEL - 3031IC: 4468A - SEL3031
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Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSection 2InstallationOverviewRF Exposure NoticeThe SEL-3031 transmitter module is approved for use only with specific antenna, cable, and output power configurations that have been tested and approved for use. Modifications to the SEL-3031, the antenna system, or to the power output that have not been explicitly specified by the manufacturer are not permitted and may render the radio non-compliant with applicable regulatory authorities. The radio equipment described in this manual emits radio frequency energy. Professional installation is required. The antenna(s) for this transmitter must not be colocated or operated in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.!CAUTIONAlthough the power level is low, concentrated energy from a directional antenna may pose a health hazard. Do not allow users to come closer than 23 cm (9 in) to the antenna when the transmitter is operating in indoor or outdoor environments in the 900-MHz band.FCC Part 15 NoticeNOTE: Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for Class A digital devices, pursuant to FCC Part 15 Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and radiates radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential environment is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his/her own expense.RF EXPOSURE
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009InstallationOverview2.2Radio PathSpread-spectrum radios operating in the 900-MHz ISM band are limited by line-of-sight. Radio line-of-sight is longer than optical line-of-sight, due to the bending of the radio wave toward the surface of the earth. This radio horizon is typically 30% longer than the visual horizon. The longer the communications path, the taller the antennas must be in order to maintain the line-of-sight.Obstructions in the line-of-sight will impact the performance of the radio, as the strongest radio signal is communicated directly along the radio line-of-sight.The line-of-sight between two antennas is shaped like an ellipse (called the Fresnel zone). The point exactly halfway between the two antennas is the widest part of the ellipse, as shown in Figure 2.1. At 900 MHz and 1000 feet apart, the Fresnel zone is 16 feet in diameter. At 20 miles apart, it is 170 feet in diameter. Anything within the Fresnel zone will obstruct and reduce signal strength and availability (the ground, buildings, vegetation, etc.). Table 2.1 depicts the maximum Fresnel zone diameter and path loss for some typical path distances.Figure 2.1 Fresnel ZoneThe formula used to calculate the widest distance of the Fresnel zone is as follows:where:b = radius of the Fresnel zone in metersd = distance between transmitter and receiver in kilometersf = frequency transmitted in GHzdbb17.32d4f=
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualInstallationOverview2.3Obstructions in the Fresnel zone may also cause multipath interference due to reflective or refractive signals that may arrive at the receiver out-of-phase with the desired signal. The Fresnel zone should be 60% clear of obstructions for reliable radio communications. Large objects outside the Fresnel zone can cause reflections that may also affect reliable radio operation.Transmitted SignalAccording to FCC and IC, the maximum transmitted power allowed out of an antenna is 36 dBm EIRP (Equivalent/Effective Isotropically Radiated Power). This is the amount of equivalent power transmitted equally in all directions using a theoretical isotropic antenna. EIRP takes into account the power output of the radio, line feed losses, and the gain of the antenna. EIRP = SEL-3031 Power Output (dBm) – line-feed loss (dB) + antenna gain (dBi)Calculate the EIRP so you can set the proper output power on the SEL-3031 to stay in compliance with FCC and IC regulations; maximum power output from the antenna must not exceed 36 dBm. The SEL-3031 can transmit up to 1 W or 30 dBm from the antenna port. If the calculated EIRP exceeds 36 dBm then you must reduce the power transmitted by the radio by reducing the transmit power setting TXPWR (see the TXPWR description in Radio Settings on page 4.12 for more information). The radio is shipped with 30 dBm default and can be reduced to 20 dBm. Look up feedline loss in Table 2.3. Antenna/feedline configurations with net gains (antenna gain minus cable loss) greater than 8.0 dBi must have their output power limited to 341 mW. After setting the transmit power, measure the actual power.NOTE: This device has been designed to operate with the antennas listed in Table 1.1, and having a maximum gain of 11.1 dBi. Antennas not included in this list or having a gain greater than 11.1 dBi are strictly prohibited for use with this device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms. Antennas having a gain of greater than 6 dB must use a Table 2.1 Fresnel Zone Diameter900 MHzDistance Between Antennas Fresnel Zone Diameter Freespace Loss (dB)300 m (1000 ft) 5 m (16 ft) 811.6 km (1 mi) 11.6 m (38 ft) 968 km (5 mi) 26 m (85 ft) 11016 km (10 mi) 36.6 m (120 ft) 11624 km (15 mi) 44.8 m (147 ft) 11932 km (20 mi) 51.8 m (170 ft) 12240 km (25 mi) 60 m (190 ft) 124
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009InstallationOverview2.4feed line with enough loss to remain compliant with the maximum 36 dBm EIRP or reduce the radio transmitted power accordingly.For example, if you wanted to design a radio system to achieve a 32-km (20-mile) radio path and run at the highest allowed transmitted power, one way would be to use the SEL-3031 with 15 meters (50 feet) of LMR 400, lightning arrestor, and the 5-Element Yagi with 11.1 dBi of gain. The radio would transmit 30 dBm, the feedline loss is 1.95 dB, lightning arrestor loss is 0.15 dB, and the antenna gain is 11.1 dBi. The result would be 39 dBm, which is 3 dBm higher than allowed by the FCC. You must reduce the radio’s transmit power setting TXPWR to 27 dBm. This would make your EIRP equal to 36 dBm. After setting the transmit power, measure the actual power.NOTE: To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) is not more than that permitted for successful communication.Fade MarginThe fade margin determines the allowable signal loss between the transmitter and receiver. The fade margin is a function of system gains (transmitter power, receiver sensitivity, and antenna gain) and system losses (free space loss, losses due to Earth’s curvature, and coaxial cable loss). Variations in temperature and humidity of the atmosphere with elevation causes the signals to bend more or bend less, resulting in fading at the receiver. The longer the path, the more likely deep fades will occur, requiring a greater fade margin. The formula to calculate free-space loss is shown below.Free Space Loss = 92.4 + 20log(f) + 20log(d) dBwhere: f = frequency in GHzd = distance in kmRegional conditions also impact the probability of signal fade. Generally, mountainous terrain is more favorable, while tropical areas and those near large bodies of water are less favorable. One of the results from a site survey is the fade margin. A fade margin of 20 dB will yield good radio performance.Site SurveyA line-of-sight path provides the most reliable transmission in all cases. As the distance increases the need for a clear path becomes more critical in creating a reliable, available radio link. If the radio path is short then a path study may not be needed. If you have a clear line-of-site to the other location without obstructions to the Fresnel zone (see Radio Path) then a path study is generally not needed. Longer distances may
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualInstallationOverview2.5require a path study, a visual path inspection, and a spectrum analysis of the area to give a good indication of how high the antenna needs to be and how good the radio link will be.Radio InterferenceThe SEL-3031 shares a frequency spectrum with other services and FCC Part 15 (unlicensed) devices in ITU Region 2 (North, Central, and South America). This radio should not be used in Brazil or Chile due to the regulations defining frequency allocation. Error-free communications may not be achievable in a given location, and some level of interference should be expected.Consider the following points when setting up your system:➤Using directional Yagi antennas helps to narrow the radio path and provide the best path to prevent adjacent interference.➤If you suspect interference from a nearby, licensed system (such as a paging transmitter), it may be helpful to use horizontal polarization for all of the antennas in the network. Horizontal polarization can help improve signal availability but will likely increase the path loss. Horizontal polarization can provide an additional 20 dB of attenuation to interference because most other services use vertical polarization in these bands. Figure 2.2 demonstrates antenna mounting for both vertical and horizontal polarization.Figure 2.2 Antenna Polarization➤Multiple SEL-3031 systems can coexist in close proximity with minimal interference as long as each SEL-3031 is assigned a unique network address. Each network identification uses a specific hop pattern and number of frequency zones.Vertical Polarization Horizontal Polarization
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009InstallationOverview2.6➤When constant interference is present in a particular frequency zone, it may be necessary to “lock out” that zone from the SEL-3031 hopping pattern. The SEL-3031 includes a SKIP setting that removes interfered frequency zones from its hopping pattern. See Table 4.5 for more information on the skip zones and information on how to set the SKIP setting. In the USA and Canada, a maximum of six zones may be skipped, per FCC and IC rules. Check the regulatory requirements for your country.➤The RF power output for all SEL-3031 radios in your system should be set to the lowest level necessary for reliable communications. This decreases the likelihood of causing unnecessary interference to nearby systems. See Table 2.2 for more information on the different frequency zones.FeedlinesThe feedline used with the antenna is as important as the antenna. Coaxial cables should have low attenuation and rated for outdoor use. Keep the feedline as short as possible to minimize signal loss between the radio and antenna. Times Microwave LMR 400® or RG-8 A/U coax cables are preferred. If longer lengths or less loss is desired for the radio link then larger cable such as Andrew HELIAX® can be used. Table 2.3 lists the signal losses (in dB) for the indicated lengths of each cable type at 900 MHz. Table 2.2 900-MHz Frequency Skip ZonesZone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6 Zone 7 Zone 8902.6–903.8 904.1–905.3 905.6–906.8 907.1–908.3 909.2–910.4 910.7–911.9 912.2–913.4 913.7–914.9Zone 9 Zone 10 Zone 11 Zone 12 Zone 13 Zone 14 Zone 15 Zone 16915.2–916.4 916.7–917.9 918.2–919.4 919.7–920.9 921.2–923.0 923.3–924.5 924.8-926.0 926.3-927.5Table 2.3 Length vs. Loss in Coaxial Cables at 900 MHz (Sheet 1 of 2)Cable Type 3.05 Meters (10 Feet)12.24 Meters (50 Feet)30.48 Meters (100 Feet)91.44 Meters (300 Feet)RG-8 A/U (C964) 0.70 dB 3.50 dB 7.0 dB Unacceptable LossLMR 400 (C966) Do not use 1.95 dB 3.90 dB Unacceptable Loss1/2-inch HELIAX Do not use 1.15 dB 2.29 dB 6.87 dB
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualInstallationConnections2.7Antenna System GroundAntenna system grounding is not included in the scope of this manual. Please consult a radio systems engineer or other professional for advice on ground-system design. A well-designed system will minimize equipment damage and risk of electric shock to personnel.Chassis GroundConnect the grounding terminal labeled GND on the rear panel to a rack frame ground or main station ground for proper safety and performance. Use 4 mm2 (12 AWG) or heavier wire less than 2 meters (6.6 feet) in length for this connection. The ground connection should be made before the power connections.ConnectionsRear-Panel ConnectionsThe physical layout of the SEL-3031 connections is shown in Figure 2.3.Figure 2.3 Wall-Mount and Rack-Mount Rear Connections7/8-inch HELIAX Do not use 0.64 dB 1.28 dB 3.84 dB1-1/4-inch HELIAX Do not use Do not use 0.95 dB 2.85 dB1-5/8-inch HELIAX Do not use Do not use 0.80 dB 2.4 dBTable 2.3 Length vs. Loss in Coaxial Cables at 900 MHz (Sheet 2 of 2)Cable Type 3.05 Meters (10 Feet)12.24 Meters (50 Feet)30.48 Meters (100 Feet)91.44 Meters (300 Feet)
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009InstallationConnections2.8Power ConnectionsThe POWER terminals on the rear panel (labeled +/H and -/N) must connect to the correct supply voltage. The supply voltage range is located on the serial label. The wall-mount configuration accepts only 9–30 Vdc. The rack-mount configuration accepts 24–48 Vdc or 125/250 Vac or Vdc. Check the serial label for power supply information.Do not apply power to the SEL-3031 without having a proper 50- load on the antenna port. If you do not have the proper 50- load connected, the radio antenna port will shut off, the alarm contact will pulse, and the ALARM LED will illuminate. This functionality protects the radio circuitry and indicates an antenna or cable failure. The POWER terminals on the rack-mount version are isolated from chassis ground. The POWER terminals on the wall-mount version are not isolated from chassis ground. Use 2.5 mm2 (14 AWG) size wire to connect to the POWER terminals on the rack mount. Place an external circuit breaker or switch no more than 3 meters (9.8 feet) from the equipment. The circuit breaker (or equivalent approved disconnect device appropriate for the country of installation) must comply with IEC 60947-1 and IEC 60947-3, be identified as the disconnect device for the equipment, and be located near the equipment. This disconnect device must interrupt both the hot (+/H) and the neutral (–/N) power leads. The maximum current rating for the power disconnect circuit breaker or overcurrent device (fuse) must be 20 A. An internal power supply fuse protects the operational power supply. Be sure to use fuses that comply with IEC 60127-2.Lightning Protection!WARNINGAtmospheric electrical charge accumulation can cause potential between the conductor and shield of the feedline, or cause lightning to strike an antenna. A lightning protector should be installed to prevent damage to equipment or injury to personnel.Mounting the antenna on an equipment building roof or tower is safest because the potential rise on the outside of either of these structures will approximately equal the potential on the inside. A lightning protector (Gas Tube Coaxial Surge Protector, SEL part number 915900139) should be used to equalize the difference in potential that can occur between the center conductor and the shield of the coaxial cable between the antenna and the radio. The higher the antenna is mounted on a support structure, the greater the probability of equipment damage resulting from a lightning strike. In all surge-protector applications, you should mount the surge protector at the building or enclosure entrance, and ground the surge-protector body. Ground the radio to the same point as the surge-protector ground to avoid ground-rise-potential damage. When using the surge protector, order an additional C965 or C961 cable and place this cable between the SEL-3031 and the surge protector. Because the distance varies from the SEL-3031 to the surge protector, be sure to specify this cable at approximately the correct length (plus 10 to 20 percent for installation variability).
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualInstallationConnections2.9Grounding (Earthing) ConnectionsYou must connect the ground terminal labeled GND to a rack frame or switchgear ground for proper safety and performance. Use 2.5 mm2 (14 AWG) wire less than 2 meters (6.6 feet) in length for the ground connection.Serial PortsBecause all ports (1, 2, and 3) are independent, you can communicate to any combination simultaneously. All EIA-232 ports accept DB-9 male connectors. The serial port EIA-485 option for Port 1 is also a DB-9 male connector. If Port 1 is ordered with the EIA-485 option the product will ship with a DB-9-to-terminal adapter to easily wire to EIA-485 systems. Port 2 includes the IRIG-B time-code signal input (see Table 2.6). SEL offers fiber-optic transceivers or fiber-optic port options on Port 1 (SEL-2812 compatible optic) for connecting devices at distances over 15 meters (50 feet) where copper cable is not appropriate. The SEL-2800 family of transceivers provides fiber-optic links between devices for electrical isolation and longer distances, overcoming the limitations of electrical EIA-232 interfaces. Contact SEL for further information on these products.Front-Panel JumpersThe front panels of the rack- and wall-mount configurations contain two jumpers. Access to the jumpers is different for each configuration. Note that jumper number 1 (JMP1) is for factory use only and should not be installed.The radio contains devices sensitive to Electrostatic Discharge (ESD). Undetectable permanent damage can result if you do not use proper ESD procedures. Ground yourself, your work surface, and this equipment before removing any cover from this equipment. If your facility is not equipped to work with these components, contact SEL about returning this device and related SEL equipment for service.!CAUTIONWall-Mount Chassis Jumper AccessFrom the front of the wall-mount configuration, remove the four screws located on the sides of each corner. Use a Torx® T15 size screwdriver to remove the four screws. Slide the back cover up and to the back of the unit to reveal the front jumpers. You do not need to remove the ribbon cable to change jumpers. The jumpers are located to the left of the USB connector.Rack-Mount Chassis Jumper AccessFrom the front of the rack-mount configuration, remove the front panel by loosening the six screws and removing the front panel. You will find the jumpers to the left of the USB connection.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009InstallationConnections2.10Password JumperThe SEL-3031 contains two levels of passwords to access and set the radio. The Level 1 password is for read access and the Level 2 password is for write access. The default passwords that are shipped with the SEL-3031 are shown in Table 2.4. Do not leave factory default passwords in the product. See PASSWORD Command on page 4.19 for more information on setting passwords. If necessary, you can disable passwords by installing a jumper. Refer to PASSWORD Command on page 4.19 for information on properly disabling and changing passwords. Ta b le 2 . 4 D e f a u l t Pas swordsAccess Level Password1 OTTER2TAILTa b le 2 . 5 Passwo rd J u m p er P o s i t i o nPassword Enable/Disable Jumper PositionJumper Installed (Password Disabled)The jumper installed disables the passwords.Jumper Removed (Default) The SEL-3031 ships by default with passwords enabled.JMP2JMP2
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualInstallationFront-Panel Indicators2.11IRIG-B Time-Code InputThe SEL-3031 accepts a demodulated IRIG-B time signal to synchronize the internal clock with an external time source. IRIG-B is available on Port 2 utilizing Pins 4 and 6 for time communications. The SEL-3031 supports the IRIG-B002 standardized time format.Front-Panel IndicatorsThe SEL-3031 has ten front-panel LED indicators. Table 2.7 further describes these indicators that display the current status of the radio. The LINK LED indicates when the SEL-3031 has properly connected to another SEL-3031. The SEC LED deals with the SEL-3044 Encryption Card. See Appendix B: SEL-3044 Encryption Card for more information on using this card.Table 2.6 Communications Cables for Time and Communications ConnectionsEIA-232 Serial Port Connect to Device SEL Cable No.Port 2 IRIG-B BNC with time only C256SEL communications processors and com-puting platform data with IRIG-Baa. If connecting to an SEL communications processor you must turn the 5V_EN Global setting in the SEL-3031 to OFF.C387IRIG-B only from DB-9 on SEL-2407®C388Table 2.7 Front-Panel Status Indicator LEDsLabel Color DescriptionENABLE Green All self tests are passing and unit is operationalALARM Red ON: Self test failure detectedFlashing: Antenna failureSEC Green ON: Encryption card detected and wireless data securedFlashing: Encryption card detected and in RESETOFF: No encryption card present or card failedLINK Green Communications link established between master and remote radioTX 1, 2, 3Green Serial data received by the port and transmitted out of the radioRX 1, 2, 3Green Radio data received and transmitting out of serial port
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009InstallationCommunications2.12CommunicationsSerial PortsTable 2.8 shows the physical interfaces of the SEL-3031. Several options are provided for Port 1 physical interfaces, including EIA-232, EIA-485, and fiber.Serial (EIA-232 and EIA-485)Use the EIA-232 port for communications distances of 15 meters (50 feet) in low-noise environments. Use the optional EIA-485 Port 1 for communications of 1200 meters (4000 feet) maximum distance (to achieve this performance, ensure proper line termination at the receiver). If Port 1 is an EIA-485 connection, there are two types of connections that will work on multidrop systems. Table 2.9 shows the standard pinout of a recommended four-wire EIA-485 connection. If your system only works on a two-wire EIA-485 connection, then you will need to connect Pins 1 and 3 together and Pins 2 and 4 together. Figure 2.4 shows how to wire this configuration.Figure 2.4 Two-Wire EIA-485 ConnectionsTable 2.8 SEL-3031 Port DescriptionPort Communications Interface LocationPort 1 EIA-232, EIA-485, or fiber Rear (Port 1 has three ordering options)Port 2 EIA-232 RearPort 3 EIA-232 RearUSB USB 1.1 Front (management port)Port 1 EIA-4859-Pin MaleD Subconnector2-Wire EIA-4852-Wire EIA-485Tinned Wires13245123TX+RX+TX–RX–GNDPin # Pin #
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualInstallationCommunications2.13Fiber-Optic Serial PortOrder the fiber-optic option for Port 1 for safety and long-distance communications up to 4 kilometers (2.5 miles). The fiber-optic port is an SEL-2812-compatible device that can connect directly to any SEL-2812-compatible device or SEL-2812 fiber optic transceiver, using multimode fiber-optic cable with a core diameter of 50 to 200 micrometers. When working with this device, observe the following safety precautions:!WARNING➤Do not look into the fiber (laser) ports/connectors.➤Do not look into the end of an optical cable connected to an optical output.➤Do not perform any procedures or adjustments that this instruction manual does not describe.➤During installation, maintenance, or testing of the optical ports, use only test equipment qualified for Class 1 laser products.➤Incorporated components, such as transceivers and laser emitters, are not user serviceable. Return units to SEL for repair or replacement.Port Connector and Communications CablesFigure 2.5 shows the EIA-232 and EIA-485 DB-9 connector pin numbering for the SEL-3031.Figure 2.5 EIA-232 and EIA-485 DB-9 Connector Pin NumbersTable 2.9 shows the pin function of the serial ports.Table 2.9 SEL-3031 Port Description (Sheet 1 of 2)Pin Port 1, Port 3EIA-232Port 2EIA-232Port 1EIA-4851 +5 Vdc +5 Vdc TX+2 RXD RXD TX-3TXD TXD N/C4 N/C IRIG+ N/C5 GND GND GND5 4 3 2 19 8 7 6
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009InstallationCommunications2.14CleaningUse care when cleaning the SEL-3031. Perform the following steps:Step 1. Use a mild soap or detergent solution and a damp cloth to clean the chassis.Step 2. Be careful cleaning the front and rear panels because a permanent plastic sheet covers each panel.Do not use abrasive materials, polishing compounds, or harsh chemical solvents (such as xylene or acetone) on any surface.CablesFigure 2.6 SEL Cable C245A: SEL-3031 to Computer6 N/C IRIG– N/C7RTS RTS RX+8CTS CTS RX–9 GND GND GNDTable 2.9 SEL-3031 Port Description (Sheet 2 of 2)Pin Port 1, Port 3EIA-232Port 2EIA-232Port 1EIA-485SEL-3031 9-Pin MaleSubminiature "D" Connector9-Pin FemaleSubminiature "D" Connector2357823578RXDTXDGNDRTSCTSRXD (OUT)TXD (IN)GNDRTS (IN)CTS (OUT)PinFunc.PinFunc.Pin # Pin #PC DeviceNOTE: For best results, limit the cable length to 15 meters (50 ft)ORANGEREDBLUE/SHIELDGREENWHITE
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualInstallationCommunications2.15Figure 2.7 SEL Cable C285: SEL-3031 to DTE Device (SEL Relays)Figure 2.8 SEL Cable C782/C387: SEL-3031 to SEL Communications ProcessorUSB InterfaceThe SEL-3031 uses a standard USB Type-B interface for the management port. The USB interface is used for settings management, initial radio installation, and reporting data from long-term radio statistics. The management port may be used while the SEL-3031 is in service without disrupting the radio communications. To use this interface, plug a USB Type-B cable into the radio and plug the other end into your PC. This will automatically prompt your PC to install a USB-to-serial driver that creates a virtual serial port. The virtual serial port needs to be set to 9600 bps, 8 data bits, 1 stop SEL-3031 9-Pin MaleSubminiature "D" ConnectorNo IRIG9-Pin MaleSubminiature "D" Connector2357823578RXDTXDGNDRTSCTSPinFunc. Pin # Pin #DTE DeviceNOTE: For best results, limit the cable length to 15 meters (50 ft)ORANGEREDBLUE/SHIELDGREENWHITESEL-3031 9-Pin MaleSubminiature "D" Connector With IRIG9-Pin MaleSubminiature "D" Connector123456789123456789Pin # Pin #NOTE: For best results, limit the cable length to 15 meters (50 ft)CAUTION: You must turn off the +5 V on Pin 1 of the SEL-3031 when connecting to a communications processor.SEL Communications Processor
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009InstallationCommunications2.16bit, and no parity to properly communicate with the SEL-3031. This virtual serial port can now be used with ACSELERATOR QuickSet® SEL-5030 Software to help set and view settings and obtain report information.Figure 2.9 USB InterfaceSEL-3031
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSection 3Job Done ExamplesOverviewThis section describes how to set up a serial port for two popular types of protocols: MIRRORED BITS® and SEL Fast Messaging. This section assumes you have established a radio link. If you are having problems setting up the radio link, refer to Section 2: Installation and Section 5: Performance Monitoring, Testing, and Troubleshooting for more information.Each of the sections below describes how to set up the SEL-3031 serial port and the end devices to make a proper connection.High-Speed Teleprotection or Control With MIRRORED BITS CommunicationsFigure 3.1 SEL MIRRORED BITS Connection ExampleThe SEL-3031 can handle up to three connections of MIRRORED BITS simultaneously over one radio link. For this example there are three MIRRORED BITS channels over the SEL-3031. This example shows you how to set the radio and set different end devices to properly use the radio as MIRRORED BITS links.SEL-351SEL-2505SEL-2100SEL-3031SEL-3031
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Job Done ExamplesHigh-Speed Teleprotection or Control With MIRRORED BITS Communications3.2SEL-3031 MIRRORED BITS SettingsFor Figure 3.2 we set Port 1 on both SEL-3031 devices as a MIRRORED BITS connections.On each radio set the following settings on the Port 1 settings.gFigure 3.2 SEL-3031 Port Settings for MIRRORED BITS ConnectionThe SEL-3031 makes it very simple to set a MIRRORED BITS connection. Only the PROTO setting is needed to set the MIRRORED BITS port. The SEL-3031 without an encryption card has fixed data rate of 19200 bps (8, N, 1) so no other setting changes are needed.On Port 1 on each radio install a C285 cable to the IED device. As an alternative, the SEL-3031 can be ordered with a fiber-optic serial port that works with SEL-2812 transceivers. If you use the fiber-optic port on the SEL-3031 then the IED connection needs to be an SEL-2812MR Fiber-Optic Transceiver.
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualJob Done ExamplesHigh-Speed Teleprotection or Control With MIRRORED BITS Communications3.3SEL-351, SEL-311, and SEL-700 Series MIRRORED BITS SettingsThe required settings for the SEL-351 are shown below. These settings are similar to all of the SEL-351, SEL-311, and SEL-700 series of relays. To establish a communication link via the radio, the most critical settings are PROTO, SPEED, RTSCTS, RXID, and TXID.=>SHO P 2 <Enter>Port 2PROTO = MB8ASPEED = 19200 RTSCTS= N RBADPU= 60 CBADPU= 1000RXID = 1 TXID = 2 RXDFLT=XXXXXXXXRMB1PU= 1 RMB1DO= 1 RMB2PU- 1 RMB2DO= 1RMB3PU= 1 RMB3DO= 1 RMB4PU- 1 RMB4DO= 1RMB5PU= 1 RMB5DO= 1 RMB6PU- 1 RMB6DO= 1RMB7PU= 1 RMB7DO= 1 RMB8PU- 1 RMB8DO= 1Figure 3.3 SEL-351 Port Settings for MIRRORED BITS ConnectionThe SEL-3031 locks all three serial ports to 19200 bps (8, N, 1). You cannot change the port speed. If the SEL-3044 Encryption Card is used then the data rate changes to 9600 bps (8, N, 1).NOTE: If you are using the SEL-3044 Encryption Card, you must change the connected devices’ RMBxPU and RMBxDO settings = 2 to maintain the same level of channel security as the standard MB8 protocol. This will delay operation by one processing interval but will give you a higher level of channel security.Set PROTO equal to MB8x, where x equals A or B depending on which MIRRORED BITS channel is used.NOTE: This setting is slightly different in the SEL-2100 Logic Processor, SEL-3530 Real-Time Automation Controller (RTAC), and SEL-321 Relay. Set SPEED equal to 19200 (or 9600 if the encryption card is installed).Set RTSCTS (hardware handshaking) to N to disable that option. Set the RXID equal to one and TXID equal to two at the master end. At the remote end, set the RXID equal to two and the TXID equal to one. The relays use these addresses to prevent a relay from receiving messages from a secondary MIRRORED BITS device if the paths are accidentally connected wrong. The relay only receives messages sent by a relay with the matching transmit address and vice versa. To connect the relay to the radio, use an SEL-C285 cable (DB-9 male-to-DB-9 male straight-through). If complete electrical isolation is desired between the radio and a relay’s EIA-232 communications port, use the SEL-2812MR Fiber-Optic Transceiver and fiber-optic cable to connect the relay to the radio.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Job Done ExamplesHigh-Speed Teleprotection or Control With MIRRORED BITS Communications3.4SEL-400 Series MIRRORED BITS SettingsThe required port settings for SEL-400 series relays are shown below. To establish communication via the radio, the most critical settings are PROTO, MBT, SPEED, STOPBIT, TXID, RXID, and TXMODE. All other settings are per the application requirements.Protocol SelectionPROTO := MBACommunications SettingsMBT := N SPEED :=19200 STOPBIT := 2Mirrored Bits Protocol SettingTX_ID := 2 RX_ID := 1 RBADPU := 10 CBADPU := 20000TXMODE := P MBNUM := 8 RMB1FL := P RMB1PU := 1RMB1DO := 1 RMB2FL := P RMB2PU := 1 RMB2DO := 1RMB3FL := P RMB3PU := 1 RMB3DO := 1 RMB4FL := PRMB4PU := 1 RMB4DO := 1 RMB5FL := P RMB5PU := 1RMB5DO := 1 RMB6FL := P RMB6PU := 1 RMB6DO := 1RMB7FL := P RMB7PU := 1 RMB7DO := 1 RMB8FL := PRMB8PU := 1 RMB8DO := 1Figure 3.4 SEL-451 Port Settings for MIRRORED BITS ConnectionSet PROTO equal to MBx, where x equals A or B depending on which MIRRORED BITS channel is being used. Set MBT equal to N to disable that option. Set SPEED equal to 19200 (or 9600 if the encryption card is installed). Set STOPBIT equal to 2.NOTE: If you are using the SEL-3044 Encryption Card, you must change the connected devices’ RMBxPU and RMBxDO settings = 2 to maintain the same level of channel security as the standard MB8 protocol. This will delay operation by one processing interval but will give you a higher level of channel security.Set the RXID equal to one and TXID equal to two at the master end. At the remote end, set the RXID equal to two and the TXID equal to one. The relays use these addresses so that the master relay only receives messages sent by a relay with the matching transmit address and vice versa. Set TXMODE equal to P (Paced). To connect the relay to the radio, use an SEL-C285 cable (DB-9 male-to-DB-9 male straight-through). If complete electrical isolation is desired between the radio and antenna and the relay’s EIA-232 communications port, use the SEL-2812MR Fiber-Optic Transceiver and fiber-optic cable to connect the relay to the radio.
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualJob Done ExamplesHigh-Speed Teleprotection or Control With MIRRORED BITS Communications3.5SEL-2505 and SEL-2506 SettingsThe SEL-2505 and SEL-2506 use control (DIP) switches to set the MIRRORED BITS connection. For easy installation order the SEL-2505 with the SEL-2812 fiber-optic option (SEL-2505x6xXX). Use multimode C807 ST terminated fiber-optic cable to directly connect the SEL-2505 to an SEL-3031 equipped with a fiber-optic option for Port 1. Other transceiver models can be used as long as the corresponding SEL-2800 family transceiver is used on both ends.Figure 3.5 SEL-2505 DIP Switch Settings for MIRRORED BITS ConnectionSet the TX_ADD equal to one and set RX_ADD equal to two at the local end. At the remote end, set the RXID equal to two and the TXID equal to one. The devices use these addresses so that the master relay only receives messages sent by a relay with the matching transmit address and vice versa. Set Switch 9 and 10 equal to MB8/19200 for the Protocol/Baud setting. If the SEL-3031 contains the SEL-3044 Encryption Card then the Protocol/Baud setting must be MB8/9600.NOTE: If you are using the SEL-3044 Encryption Card, you must change the settings of the SEL-2505 output contact mode dip switches to “SECURE” to maintain the same level of channel security as the standard MB8 protocol. This will delay operation by one processing interval but will give you a higher level of channel security.To connect the SEL-2505 to the radio, use a 62.5 µm multimode SEL-C807 fiber cable. The SEL-C807 fiber cable comes with ST® connectors and your choice of zipcord or waterproof heavy-duty jacketed fibers.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Job Done ExamplesUsing an SEL Information Processor to Collect Relay Status and Measurements3.6Initial CheckoutThe easiest way to verify that the relays are communicating is to use the TARget command, as shown below.=>TAR ROKA <Enter>LBOKB CBADB RBADB ROKB LBOKA CBADA RBADA ROKA00000001Figure 3.6 TAR ROKA Command From an SEL-351The results shown here is from an SEL-351 Relay. ROKA is asserted, meaning that the two relays have established MIRRORED BITS communication. For longer-term channel tests, use the COM report command available in the relay and suggestions described in Monitoring Radio Performance on page 5.1.Using an SEL Information Processor to Collect Relay Status and MeasurementsSEL information processors and computing platforms easily collect relay status and measurement information. SEL information processors include the SEL-3530 Real-Time Automation Processor, SEL-2032, SEL-2030, and SEL-2020 Communications Processors, and ruggedized SEL computers configured as intelligent servers or gateways. An SEL information processor can be used as data collection point, port switch, and control operations all through one serial port. The SEL-3031 serial interface allows you to obtain all of this relay information from remote IEDs using the wireless connection. The example below will show you how to set the radio, relays, and communications processors to allow the Fast Messaging protocol to operate over a wireless connection.Figure 3.7 SEL-3031 Linking Information Processors to RelaysSEL-351SEL-3031SEL-3031SEL-2032SEL-451
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualJob Done ExamplesUsing an SEL Information Processor to Collect Relay Status and Measurements3.7SEL-3031 SettingsThe SEL-3031 requires very few inputs for setting up the serial port to the correct protocol. Figure 3.8 shows the settings needed for Port 1.Figure 3.8 SEL-3031 Port 1 Settings for Fast MessagingThe PROTO setting must be set to Standard. The Standard setting is the default for use on any byte-oriented protocol. The Standard setting is used with connections such as DNP3, SEL ASCII, Compressed ASCII, Fast Operate, Fast SER, and SEL Fast Meter with Configuration.The CTS1 setting should be set to Deasserted. This will deassert the control lines on the SEL-3031. Some protocols in devices require the control line to be in a high or low state to permit proper communication. For example, with DNP, some remote devices will not reply back to the master until the control line is deasserted. If the control line is asserted the DNP device is told to wait. Again, this setting is based upon how the vendor implemented flow control in the devices. For most all SEL products this setting should always be set to Deasserted.On Port 1 on each radio install an SEL-C285 cable to the IED device. As an alternative, the SEL-3031 can be ordered with a fiber-optic serial port that works with the SEL-2812 transceivers. If you use the fiber port on the SEL-3031 connection at the IED needs to be an SEL-2812MR transceiver or compatible built-in port.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Job Done ExamplesUsing an SEL Information Processor to Collect Relay Status and Measurements3.8SEL-300 Series SettingsThe required settings for the SEL-351 are shown below. These settings are similar to all of the SEL-351, SEL-311, and SEL-700 family of relays. To establish a communication link via the radio, the most critical settings are PROTO, SPEED, BITS, PARITY, STOP, and RTSCTS.=>>SHO P 2 <Enter>Port 2PROTO = SEL SPEED = 19200 BITS = 8 PARITY= N STOP = 1 T_OUT = 10 AUTO = Y RTSCTS= N FASTOP= Y =>>Figure 3.9 SEL-351 Port Settings for Fast MessagingSet AUTO = Y if you want the relay to send automatic messages to indicate specific conditions.Set FASTOP = Y if you want the communication processor to issue control commands to the relay.SEL-2032/SEL-2030 SettingsThe following steps demonstrate on how to set SEL-2032 to initially connect and configure an SEL-351 relay.Step 1. Use the SEL-C285 cable to connect one of the SEL-2032 ports; this example uses Port 2 to Port 1 of the SEL-3031.Step 2. Enter Access Level 2 on the SEL-2032 and issue the SET P 2 command to configure Port 2. The SEL-2032 prompts for the type of device connected to the port. a. Enter S for the SEL IED.b. Enter Y to autoconfigure the port.c. Press the <Enter> key to confirm the configuration prompts.The SEL-2032 establishes communication with the relay; determines the type of relay, relay ID, and communication data rate; and determines if the relay is capable of Fast Meter. d. Enter Y to save port configuration changes at the final prompt.Step 3. Issue the AUTO 2 command to see what Fast Message features are supported by the SEL-351S. Figure 3.10 shows an example output for the AUTO command.
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualJob Done ExamplesUsing an SEL Information Processor to Collect Relay Status and Measurements3.9*>>AUTO 2 <Enter>FID: FID=SEL-351S-7-R106-V0-Z003003-D20010110DEVICE ID: FEEDER 1BAUD RATE: 19200OPERATE SUPPORT: Binary (1 Breakers, 16 Remote Bits S-C-P)LEVEL 1 PASSWORD: OTTERCOMMANDS SUPPORTED:B 20METERB 20DEMANDB 20TARGETA 20HISTORYA 20STATUSA 20EVENTA 20EVENTSA 20EVENTL*>>Figure 3.10 Example AUTO Command OutputThe AUTO command verifies initial configuration is set up. Refer to the SEL-2032 Instruction Manual for more information on setting up Fast Messaging.
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Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSection 4Settings and CommandsPC SoftwareACSELERATOR QuickSet® SEL-5030 Software is a powerful settings and HMI tool that aids in setting, applying, and using the SEL-3031 and other SEL devices. This section describes how to get started with your SEL-3031 and ACSELERATOR QuickSet.SetupFollow the steps outlined in Section 2: Installation to prepare the SEL-3031 for use. Perform the following steps to initiate communications:Step 1. Apply power to the SEL-3031.Step 2. Connect a USB Type-B cable (SEL-C664) between the management port of the SEL-3031 and the PC.Step 3. Follow the on screen instructions and install the USB driver if not already installed.Step 4. Start ACSELERATOR QuickSet software.Ta b l e 4 .1 ACSELERATOR QuickSet SEL-5030 SoftwareTerminal Provides a direct connection to the SEL device. Use this com-munications method to interface directly with the device.Rules-Based Settings Editor Provides online or offline device settings that include interdependency checks. Use this feature to create and manage settings for multiple devices in a database.Settings Database Management Provides a database to manage multiple device settings.Help Provides general ACSELERATOR QuickSet and device-spe-cific ACSELERATOR QuickSet context help.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Settings and CommandsPC Software4.2CommunicationsACSELERATOR QuickSet uses the device USB management port to communicate with the SEL-3031. Perform the following steps to configure ACSELERATOR QuickSet to communicate effectively with the device.Step 1. Click Communications from the ACSELERATOR QuickSet main menu bar, as shown in Figure 4.1.Figure 4.1 Communications MenuStep 2. Select Parameters to display the screen shown in Figure 4.2.
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSettings and CommandsPC Software4.3Figure 4.2 Serial Port Communications ParametersStep 3. Configure the PC port to Data Speed 9600, Data Bits 8, Stop Bits 1, and Parity None.Step 4. Configure ACSELERATOR QuickSet to match the SEL-3031 default settings by entering the Access Level 1 and Access Level 2 passwords in their respective text boxes.Step 5. Exit the menus by clicking OK when finished.Terminal WindowSelect Communications > Terminal on the ACSELERATOR QuickSet main menu bar to open the terminal window (shown in Figure 4.3).
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Settings and CommandsPC Software4.4Figure 4.3 Terminal Window MenuThe terminal window is an ASCII interface for the device that supports a basic terminal emulation. Open the terminal window by clicking Communications > Terminal or by typing <Ctrl+T>. Verify proper communications with the device by opening a terminal window, pressing <Enter> a few times, and verifying that a prompt is received. If a prompt is not received, verify proper setup.Drivers and Part NumberAfter clicking Communications > Terminal, access the device at Access Level 1. Issue the ID command to receive an identification report, as shown in Figure 4.4.=>>ID <Enter>"FID=SEL-3031-R100-V0-Z001001-D20091009","08DC""BFID=SLBT-3031-R100-V0-Z001000-D20091009","0965""CID=25DC8978","034B""DEVID=STATION_A","04DB""DEVCODE=72","0310""PARTNO=30310W01XXX","0538""CONFIG=00000000","03E3""SPECIAL=0”,”02DE”=>>Figure 4.4 Device Response to ID CommandLocate and record the Z-number (Z001001) in the FID string. The first portion of the Z-number (Z001...) determines the ACSELERATOR QuickSet device settings driver version when you are creating or editing device settings files. The Device Editor driver will be discussed in more detail in Device Editor (Editor Mode). Compare the part number (PARTNO = 3031XXXXXXX) with the Model Option Table (MOT) to ensure correct device configuration.
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSettings and CommandsSettings4.5SettingsSettings Database Management and DriversACSELERATOR QuickSet uses a database on the PC to save device settings. ACSELERATOR QuickSet contains sets of all settings files for each device specified in the Database Manager. Choose appropriate storage backup methods and a secure location for storing database files.Active DatabaseChange the active database to the one requiring modification by selecting File > Active Database on the main menu bar.Database ManagerSelect File > Database Manager on the main menu bar to create new databases and manage records within existing databases.Settings DatabaseStep 1. Open the Database Manager to access the database. Click File > Database Manager. A dialog box will appear. The default file already configured in ACSELERATOR QuickSet is Relay.rdb. This database contains example settings files for the SEL products with which you can use ACSELERATOR QuickSet.Step 2. Enter descriptions of the database for each device in the Database Description and Settings Description dialog boxes.Step 3. Enter special operating characteristics that describe the device settings in the Settings Description dialog box. These can include radio location and communications settings.Step 4. Highlight one of the devices listed in Settings in Database and click Copy to create a new collection of settings. ACSELERATOR QuickSet will prompt for a new name. Be sure to enter a new description in the Settings Description.Copy/Move Settings Between DatabasesStep 1. Select Copy/Move Settings Between Databases to create multiple databases with the Database Manager.These databases are useful for grouping similar protection schemes or geographic areas.Step 2. Click Open B to open a device database.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Settings and CommandsSettings4.6Step 3. Type the filename and click Open.a. Highlight the device or setting in the A database.b. Select Copy or Move, and click the > button to create a new device or setting in the B database.Step 4. Reverse this process to take devices from the B database to the A database. Copy creates an identical device that appears in both databases. Move removes the device from one database and places the device in another database.Create a New Database/Copy an Existing DatabaseTo create a new database, perform the following:Step 1. Open File > Database Manager and click Create New Database. ACSELERATOR QuickSet will prompt you for a file name.Step 2. Type the new database name (and location if it differs from the previous database location), and click Save. ACSELERATOR QuickSet displays the message Settings [path and file name] was successfully created.Step 3. Click OK.To copy an existing database of devices to a new database, perform the following:Step 1. Open File > Database Manager and click Copy/Move Settings Between Databases in the Database Manager dialog box. ACSELERATOR QuickSet will open the last active database and assign it as Database A.Step 2. Click Open B. ACSELERATOR QuickSet will prompt you for a file location. Type the new database name, click Open, and click Yes. The program will then create an empty database. Load devices into the new database as shown in Copy/Move Settings Between Databases.SettingsACSELERATOR QuickSet allows you to create settings for one or more SEL-3031 devices. Store existing device settings downloaded from the SEL-3031 by creating a library of settings, then modify and upload these settings from the library to an SEL-3031. ACSELERATOR QuickSet makes setting the device easy and efficient and provides rules-based settings checks, commissioning, and help.Settings EditorThe Settings Editor shows device settings in easy-to-understand categories. and makes setting the device simple and efficient. Settings are grouped logically, and settings that are not used in the selected group are dimmed (grayed) in the ACSELERATOR QuickSet
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSettings and CommandsSettings4.7menus. ACSELERATOR QuickSet shows all of the settings categories in the settings tree view. The settings tree view remains constant whether settings categories are enabled or disabled. However, any disabled settings are dimmed when accessed by clicking an item in the tree view.File MenuACSELERATOR QuickSet uses a database to store and manage SEL device settings. Each unique device has its own record of settings. Use the File menu to open an existing record, create and open a new record, read device settings, create an open a new record, or convert and open an existing record. This record can be opened in the Settings Editor as a Setting Form (template) or in Editor Mode.File > NewSelect File > New to command new settings files. ACSELERATOR QuickSet will create the new settings files from a driver that you specify in the Settings Editor Selection dialog box. ACSELERATOR QuickSet uses the Z-number in the FID string to create a particular version of settings. To get started, select File > New from the main menu bar, then select SEL-3031 and 001 from the Settings Editor Selection window as shown in Figure 4.5.Figure 4.5 Selection of DriversAfter you select the device model and settings driver, ACSELERATOR QuickSet will present the Device Part Number dialog box. Use this dialog box to configure the Device Editor to produce settings for your device with options determined by the part number, as shown in Figure 4.6. Click OK when finished.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Settings and CommandsSettings4.8Figure 4.6 Update Part NumberFigure 4.6 shows the Settings Editor screen. View the bottom of the Device Editor window to verify the Settings Driver number. Compare the ACSELERATOR QuickSet Settings Driver number and the first portion of the Z-number in the FID string (this can be found by selecting Tools > HMI > HMI > Status). These numbers must match. ACSELERATOR QuickSet uses the first portion of the Z-number to determine which Device Editor to display.Figure 4.7 New Setting ScreenFile > OpenSelect File > Open to open an existing device from the active database folder. ACSELERATOR QuickSet prompts for a device to load into the Device Editor.
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSettings and CommandsSettings4.9File > ReadSelect File > Read to cause ACSELERATOR QuickSet to read the device settings from a connected device. As ACSELERATOR QuickSet reads the device, a Transfer Status window will appear. ACSELERATOR QuickSet uses serial protocols to read settings from SEL devices.Device Editor (Editor Mode)Use the Device Editor (Editor Mode) to enter and display settings. Make sure that the firmware in your radio matches the ACSELERATOR QuickSet settings driver; the driver version number in the lower left corner of the Device Editor should be equal to the first three digits following “Z” in the radio Firmware Identification (FID) string. Use the ID or STA command to easily view the FID string.Entering SettingsStep 1. Click + in the Settings Tree View to expand and select the settings you want to change.Step 2. Click Tab to navigate through the settings, or click on a setting.Step 3. Right-click your mouse in the setting dialog box and select Previous Value to restore the previous value for a setting.Step 4. Right-click your mouse in the setting dialog box and select Default Value to restore the factory default setting value.If you enter a setting that is out of range or has an error, ACSELERATOR QuickSet will show the error at the bottom of the Settings Editor. Double-click the error listing to go to the setting and enter a valid input.Sending SettingsSelect Save, Send, or Print Device Settings from the File menu of the Device Editor once settings are entered into ACSELERATOR QuickSet. This will ensure that your settings are not lost.Ta b le 4. 2 D ev i c e Edi to r M e nu sMenus Description<< >> Moves from one category to the next.Merge Merges the open record with another record.Compare Compares the open record with another record.Search Searches for a particular setting.Part Number Displays part number.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Settings and CommandsSettings4.10Options—Part NumberSelect Edit > Part Number to change the part number if it was entered incorrectly during an earlier step.Text FilesSelect Tools > Settings > Import or Tools > Settings > Export on the Device Editor (Editor Mode) menu bar to import or export settings to or from a text file. Use this feature to create a small file that can be easily stored or sent electronically.Meter and ControlHuman Machine Interface (HMI)Select Tools > HMI > HMI to bring up the screen shown in Figure 4.8. The HMI tree view shows the functions that are available from the HMI. The Meter & Control window is an easily-organized view of real-time data and information stored in the SEL-3031.Figure 4.8 Status ScreenThe Status screen provides a real-time view of the radio to which it is connected. A user can see the current status of the SEL-3031 and verify any alarm conditions.Select the Radio Status screen to view the radio statistics. Included is the RSSI value that displays the current strength of the receive signal. This will aid in properly aiming the antenna for maximum signal strength. The “Availability” displays the overall
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSettings and CommandsSettings4.11channel availability of the link. The “Zone Availability” gives the availability of each of the 10 zones. See Monitoring Radio Performance on page 5.1 for more information on optimizing the radio link.Figure 4.9 Radio Strength and Channel AvailabilityThe SER window displays the same information as the ASCII SER commands. The Control Window allows you to clear the SER, synchronize with IRIG, and set the time and date.Global SettingsUnder the Global group settings category, set the device and host identifiers settings. The SEL-3031 displays the Device and Host Identifier strings at the top of the serial port commands responses, identifying messages from individual devices. Enter up to 30 characters, including capital letters A–Z, numbers 0–9, periods, and dashes. Table 4.3 shows the device and host identifier settings.Ta b le 4. 3 G l oba l Setti n gsSetting Prompt Setting Range Setting Name := Factory DefaultDevice Identifier 30 characters DIDHost Identifier 12 characters (no spaces) HIDDate Format MDY, YMD, DMY DATE_F := MDYPort Power ON, OFF 5V_EN := OFF
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Settings and CommandsSettings4.12Date_F allows you to change the device date presentation format to either North American standard (Month/Day/Year), Engineering standard (Year/Month/Day), or European standard (Day/Month/Year).5V_EN enables the +5 V on Pin 1 on every EIA-232 DB-9 serial port. When this setting is on, all three ports will have +5 Vdc on Pin 1. The entire load on the +5 V must not exceed 500 mA.Radio SettingsMODE sets the operating mode of the radio. The radio is set to REMOTE by default. One radio must be set to REMOTE and the other set to MASTER.NID sets the network address of the radio network. Both radios must be set to the same network address in order for them to link and communicate. If more than one radio network is used in the same proximity then make sure that the NID is set to a different value and SKIP the first six zones on one of the radio networks. To avoid certain radio frequencies, see setting SKIP.SKIP determines which of the 16 frequency zones to skip in the SEL-3031 hopping sequence. The SEL-3031 will only operate on 10 of the 16 zones. The default setting is set to NONE. The SEL-3031 must use a minimum of 10 zones, so a setting of NONE will force the radio automatically SKIP zones 11–16. The SKIP setting can contain up to six comma-delimited zones from Table 4.5. Each zone entered into this setting will set the SEL-3031 to skip that particular zone in the hopping table. This setting can help increase the availability of the radio and avoid areas of interference.Table 4.4 Radio SettingsSettings Prompt Settings Range Setting Name := Factory DefaultOperation Mode MASTER, REMOTE MODE := REMOTENetwork Identification 1–10 NID := 1Skip Zones 1–16, NONE SKIP := NONETransmit Power 20–30 dB TXPWR := 30Encryption Passphrase 8–80 Characters KEY := NONETable 4.5 SKIP Zone FrequenciesZone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6 Zone 7 Zone 8902.6–903.8 904.1–905.3 905.6–906.8 907.1–908.3 909.2–910.4 910.7–911.9 912.2–913.4 913.7–914.9Zone 9 Zone 10 Zone 11 Zone 12 Zone 13 Zone 14 Zone 15 Zone 16915.2–916.4 916.7–917.9 918.2–919.4 919.7–920.9 921.2–923.0 923.3–924.5 924.8–926.0 926.3–927.5
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSettings and CommandsSettings4.13The SEL-3031 has radio statistics to help set the SKIP setting if the availability of the radio is less than desired. In order to determine which frequency zones to skip, issue a RADio C command and operate the radios over a period of time. You will get better availability results the longer you let the radio run linked. Issue the RADio command to view the availability of each frequency zone. In the radio report identify the frequency zones with the lowest availability and enter these zones via the SKIP setting. Issue another RADio C command and let the SEL-3031 run for another day and verify that the availability has increased. See Section 5: Performance Monitoring, Testing, and Troubleshooting for more information on how to use the SKIP setting.TXPWR sets the transmitted power out of the SEL-3031. The available range is 20–30 dBm (1 W). The radio transmit power is set in 1 dBm increments. The radio is shipped with a factory default setting of 30 dBm. This setting must be used to reduce the power output of the antenna if the total EIRP exceeds 36 dBm. See Transmitted Signal on page 2.3 for more information on how to calculate and configure the maximum power output.In the USA and Canada, the FCC and IC regulate the amount of power a radio can radiate with EIRP (Effective Isotropically Radiated Power output). The EIRP limit of radiation is 36 dBm. This value includes the power of the transmitter, cable losses, and antenna gain. If you exceed the allowed 36 dBm you must lower the transmitted power of the radio using the TXPWR setting, and then measure the actual power.See Transmitted Signal on page 2.3 for more information on determining and properly setting the TXPWR setting.The KEY setting is only available if the product contains an SEL-3044 Encryption Card. The KEY setting is a passphrase that is used to generate an encryption key. The acceptable range is from 8 to 80 characters. All printable characters are accepted. If you have an encryption card, this value must be set in order to enable the secure wireless connection. When the SEL-3031 is shipped with the encryption card, or added in the field, it is by default shipped in reset mode. The SEC LED on the front panel will flash green to show this state. The KEY setting must be set in order to activate the encryption card. The SEL-3031 radios will not transmit data until the SEL-3044 is set properly. The SEC LED will illuminate green when the KEY setting is correctly set. The green SEC LED indicates data being set through the radio link is secured. Once the KEY setting is configured the setting can never be read back, viewed, or saved with ACSELERATOR QuickSet software.To encrypt a radio link, both radios must contain an SEL-3044 and the KEY settings must be set to the same value. See Appendix B: SEL-3044 Encryption Card for more information on the SEL-3044 Encryption Card.Port SettingsThe SEL-3031 settings allow you to configure the parameters for each of the three communications ports. The SEL-3031 comes standard with three EIA-232 ports. Port 1 can be ordered as an EIA-232, EIA-485, or serial fiber-optic port. Table 4.6 shows the port settings ranges and default settings for Port 1, Port 2, and Port 3.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Settings and CommandsSettings4.14The protocol setting defines the type of data that will be passing through the serial port. This setting automatically sets parameters in the radio to optimize best performance. Any of the three serial ports may be set to any of the protocols. Ports 2 and 3 are always EIA-232 ports. For example, you have three ports of MIRRORED BITS® (MB8), or any combination or MB8, MODBUS, and STANDARD.PROTO sets the intended protocol used to communicate through the radio ports. Set to STANDARD for all byte-oriented protocols such as DNP3, ASCII, Synchrophasors, or file transfer. This is the default setting for PROTO and should be used unless you are using MIRRORED BITS or MODBUS. Set PROTO to MB8 to work with SEL MIRRORED BITS devices. The SEL-3031 only supports MB8 MIRRORED BITS protocol. See Section 3: Job Done Examples for more information on setting up MIRRORED BITS. Set PROTO to MODBUS when used with Modbus protocol. When PROTO is set to either STANDARD or MODBUS the radio will not perform the 32-bit CRC check on the received data. If you do not have a good link with high availability you will see noise on the channel. These errors are better handled by the communications protocols to ignore this data rather than have conflicting retry messages between the radio and communications protocols. If PROTO is set to MB8, the 32-bit CRC will remove any data that does not pass the CRC. The data rate on all three ports is fixed at 19200 bps. If the unit has an SEL-3044 Encryption Card then the data rate is fixed at 9600 bps.NOTE: If you are using the SEL-3044 Encryption Card and PROTO is equal to MB8 you must change the connected devices’ RMBxPU and RMBxDO settings = 2 to maintain the same level of channel security as standard MB8 protocol. This will delay operation by one processing interval but will give you a higher level of channel security.Ta b le 4. 6 P o r t Xa Settings a. X = 1, 2, or 3.Settings Prompt Settings Range Setting Name := Factory DefaultProtocol STANDARD, MB8, MODBUS PROTO := STANDARDCTS State Asserted, Deasserted CTS := DEASSERTEDEcho ON, OFF ECHO := OFF
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSettings and CommandsCommands4.15The CTS setting is used to set the state of the CTS (Pin 7) line on each of the ports. In most cases this setting should be set to deasserted. Most SEL devices require CTS deasserted in order for them to respond to DNP requests. The SEL-3031 does not support hardware flow control. It will only assert or deassert the CTS line to signal connected equipment to continue communication.The ECHO setting is only enabled when Port 1 is ordered as an EIA-485 device. This setting is used to set up a two-wire versus four-wire EIA-485 connection. The default ECHO setting is set to ON which works with four-wire EIA-485 applications. For two-wire operation, the ECHO setting must be set to OFF, and Pins 1 and 7 and Pins 2 and 8 must be connected together (see Table 2.9).CommandsAccess LevelsIssue commands to an SEL-3031 serial port to view or change device settings or retrieve information. For security, these commands are available on different password-protected access levels. Throughout this section each command description indicates the access level at which the command is available. There are three access levels in the device, offering varying levels of control.➤Access Level 0 commands are the lowest security level. Access Level 0 commands support minimum identification.➤Access Level 1 commands are for reviewing information only (e.g., status) and not for making any changes.➤Access Level 2 commands are for changing device settings.Go to Communications on page 4.2 for instructions on connecting to the SEL-3031 through the USB interface.The virtual serial interface created from the USB port must be set to 9600 bps, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity to communicate to the SEL-3031.Table 4.7 Fixed Port SettingsPort Setting Fixed Port Settings Fixed Port Settings With SEL-3044 CardData Rate 19200 bps 9600 bpsData Bits 8 8Parity None NoneStop Bit 1 1RTS/CTS Flow Control Off Off
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Settings and CommandsCommands4.16Access Level 0Once serial port communication is established with the SEL-3031, press <Enter> and you should see the following prompt:=NOTE: If you don't get the = prompt, then refer back to Communications on page 4.2 to properly connect to the SEL-3031.This is referred to as Access Level 0. Only a few commands are available at this level. One is the ACC command.Enter ACC at the Access Level 0 prompt:=ACC <Enter>The ACC command takes the SEL-3031 to Access Level 1.Access Level 1When the SEL-3031 is in Access Level 1, the device sends the following prompt:=>From Access Level 1, use the 2AC command to go to Access Level 2. Enter 2AC at the Access Level 2 prompt:=>2AC <Enter>Access Level 2When the device is in Access Level 2, the SEL-3031 sends the following prompt:=>>All of the Access Level 1 commands are available in Access Level 2. The SEL-3031 responds with Invalid Access Level when a command is entered from an access level lower than the required level for the command. The device responds with Invalid Command to commands that are not available or are entered incorrectly.
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSettings and CommandsCommands4.17ASCII CommandsThe SEL-3031 includes ASCII commands and settings to properly set the SEL-3031. ACSELERATOR QuickSet software provides a user-friendly interface to set the SEL-3031, but either interface can be used to set the product.DATE CommandUse the DATE command to view and set the date, as shown in Table 4.8.The device can overwrite the date entered with other time sources, such as IRIG. Enter DATE to set the internal clock date. Separate the month, day, and year parameters with slashes. Set the year in four-digit format (for dates 2000–2099).IDENTIFICATION CommandThe ID command extracts device identification codes, as shown in Table 4.9. The ID command is only available as a compressed (comma-delimited) command.IRIG CommandUse the IRI command to read the demodulated IRIG-B time code at the management port or IRIG-B input, and to force immediate synchronization of the internal clock with the IRIG-B signal (see Table 4.10). If an IRIG-B signal is present at serial Port 2, the device will automatically synchronize the internal clock with the IRIG-B signal in a time period not exceeding one minute. It is not necessary to issue the IRI command for this automatic synchronization. If you are testing the device and do not want to wait for Ta b le 4. 8 DAT E Com m an dCommand Description Access LevelDAT Displays the internal clock date. 1DAT date Sets the internal clock date (DATE_F set to MDY, YMD, or DMY). 1Ta b le 4.9 ID C o m m a n dCommand Description Access LevelID Returns a list of device identification codes, as shown below:=ID <Enter>"FID=SEL-3031-R100-V0-Z001001-D20091009","08D2""BFID=SLBT-3031-X307-V0-Z000000-D20091009","0974""CID=2B957901","0330""DEVID=RADIO 1","03D9""DEVCODE=72","0310""PARTNO=30310W01XXX","0538""CONFIG=00000000","03E3""SPECIAL=0","02DE"1
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Settings and CommandsCommands4.18the one-minute synchronization, issue the IRI command to force the device to synchronize immediately with the IRIG-B signal. You can also use the IRI command to determine whether the device is properly reading the IRIG-B signal.tTo force the device to synchronize to IRIG-B, enter the following command:=>IRI <Enter>If the device successfully synchronizes to IRIG-B, it will send the following header and access level prompt:SEL-3031 Date: 04/12/2005 Time: 15:41:29DEVICE=>If no IRIG-B code is present at the serial port input, or if the code cannot be read successfully, the device will respond as follows:IRIG-B DATA ERROR=>L_D CommandUse L_D to load firmware, as shown in Table 4.11. See Appendix A: Firmware and Manual Versions for information on firmware and instruction manual changes.Ta b le 4.1 0 I R IG Co m ma n dCommand Description Access LevelIRI Forces synchronization of internal control clock to IRIG-B time-code input. 1Table 4.11 L_D CommandCommand Description Access LevelL_D Downloads firmware to the device. 2
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSettings and CommandsCommands4.19PASSWORD CommandUse PAS to view or change existing passwords, as shown in Table 4.12 and Table 4.13.This device is shipped with default passwords. Default passwords should be changed to private passwords at installation. Failure to change each default password to a private password may allow unauthorized access. SEL shall not be responsible for any damage resulting from unauthorized access.!WARNINGTo change the password for Access Level 2 from the default password TAIL to new password Ot3579, enter the following:=>>PAS 2 <Enter>Old PW:? **** <Enter> (Enter TAIL)New PW:? ******* <Enter> (Enter Ot3579)Confirm PW:? ******* <Enter> (Enter Ot3579)Password ChangedCAUTION: This password can be strengthened. Strong passwords do not include a name, date, acronym, or word. They consist of the maximum allowable characters, with at least one special character, number, lower-case letter, and upper-case letter. A change in password is recommended.=>>Similarly, use PAS 1 to change Access Level 1 passwords. Passwords can contain as many as 12 characters. Uppercase and lowercase letters are considered different characters. Strong passwords have 12 characters with at least one special character or digit and mixed-case sensitivity, and do not form a name, date, acronym, or word. Passwords formed in this manner are less susceptible to password guessing and automated attacks. Examples of valid, distinct, strong passwords are shown below.➤#Ot3579!ljd7➤$A24.68&,mvj➤(Ih2dcs)36dn➤*4u-Iwg+?lf-Table 4.12 PAS CommandCommand Description Access LevelPAS level new passwords Sets a password for new password for Access Level level.aa. Parameter level represents the device Access Levels 1 or 2.2Ta b le 4.1 3 Fa c to r y D e fau l t Pa sswo rdsAccess Level Password1 OTTER2TAIL
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Settings and CommandsCommands4.20If you forget your password, you can reissue a new password by following these steps:Step 1. In accordance with the appropriate safety regulations, turn off the device, and see Front-Panel Jumpers on page 2.9 for instructions on accessing the jumpers.Step 2. Go to Table 2.5 to locate Jumper 2 and short the jumper as shown.Step 3. Go to the appropriate access level and issue PAS x (x = 1 or 2) to enter a new password.Step 4. In accordance with the appropriate safety regulations, turn off the device and remove Jumper 2 to activate the password function.Step 5. Replace the front-panel cover and turn on the device.QUIT CommandUse QUIT to revert to Access Level 0 from either Access Level 1 or Access Level 2, as shown in Table 4.15.Access Level 0 is the lowest access level; your SEL-3031 does not require a password check to descend to this level (or to remain at this level).RADIO CommandThe RAD command is for viewing statistics and data on the radio link, as shown in Table 4.16. The RAD command provides two important types of information.➤RSSI = Receive Signal Strength Indicator. The RSSI shows the current strength of the receive signal from the radio. This command helps you to refine antenna positioning. The RSSI is reported in dBm and updates every time the RAD command is issued. The RSSI is calculated from the latest 50 frequency hops averaged over time. RSSI is very useful for optimizing performance on directional antennas and monitoring signal strength.Table 4.14 Valid Password CharactersAlpha A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Za b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y zNumeric 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Special ! “ # $ % & ‘ ( ) * + , - . / : ; , = . ? @ [ \ ] ^ _ ‘ { | } ~Ta b le 4.1 5 Q U IT Co m ma n dCommand Description Access LevelQUI Sends you to Access Level 0. 0
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSettings and CommandsCommands4.21➤AVAILABILITY. The radio automatically calculates the availability of the overall radio link and the availability of each hopping frequency. The availability is calculated by measuring the number of good radio frames received per the number of radio frames expected. The Overall is the tallied availability of each of the frequency zones used in the current hopping table. This number is valuable for measuring overall radio availability. The SEL-3031 also calculates the availability of each zone used in the current hopping table. The radio zones displayed in the RAD command are based on the SKIP setting. See Table 4.5 for more information on Skip Zones. See Section 5: Performance Monitoring, Testing, and Troubleshooting for more information on using the availability to set the SKIP setting for improved radio performance.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 812345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890[Common Header]RSSI -69 dBmAVAILABILITY: From 10/02/2009 17:33:21Overall100.00 %Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5100.00 % 100.00 % 100.00 % 100.00 % 100.00 %Zone 6 Zone 7 Zone 8 Zone 9 Zone 10100.00 % 100.00 % 100.00 % 100.00 % 100.00 %Figure 4.10 RAD Command ResponseTa b le 4.1 6 RA D Comm andCommand Description Access LevelRAD View radio statistics 1RAD C Clear radio statistics 2
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Settings and CommandsCommands4.22SER CommandUse SER to view and manage the Sequential Events Recorder report, as shown in Table 4.17.If the requested SER report rows do not exist, the device will respond with the following:NO SER dataSET CommandThe SET command is for viewing or changing device settings, as shown in Table 4.18. Append TERSE to skip the settings display after the last setting. Use this parameter to speed up the SET command. If you want to review the settings before saving, do not use the TERSE option.Append the specific setting name you want to change in the SET command to immediately jump to the setting. If s is not entered, the device starts at the first setting. For example, to directly jump to the TXPWR setting in the Radio setting category, enter SET R TXPWR <Enter>. This will take you directly to the TXPWR setting. Ta b le 4.1 7 S E R Co m ma ndCommand Description Access LevelSER Displays a chronological progression of all avail-able SER rows (up to 1024 rows); row 1 is the most recent and row 1024 is the oldest.1SER row 1SER row 1 row 2SER date 1SER date 1 date 2Displays a chronological or reverse chronological subset of the SER rows. 1SER C Clears/resets all SER records. 2Table 4.18 SET Command (Change Settings)Command Description Access LevelSET G saa. s = specific setting name.Set Global settings 2SET R sSet Radio settings 2SET P sSet serial Port settings 2
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSettings and CommandsCommands4.23If you want to set all of the Radio settings, issue the SET R command and it will start at the beginning of the settings list. Enter the desired setting value or press <Enter> to accept the existing setting, as shown in Table 4.19.The device checks each setting to ensure that it is within the allowed range. If the setting is not within the allowed range, the device generates an Out of Range message and prompts you for the setting again. When all the settings are entered, the device displays the new settings and prompts you for approval to enable them. Answer Y <Enter> to enable the new settings. The device is disabled for no longer than one second while saving the new settings. The ALARM LED illuminates momentarily and the ENABLED LED extinguishes while the device is disabled.SHOW CommandWhen showing settings, the radio displays the settings label and the present value from nonvolatile memory for each setting class as shown in Table 4.20.Append s and the specific settings name you want to view in the SHOW command to immediately jump to the setting. If s (and the settings name) is not included, the device presents settings beginning with the first in the group.Table 4.19 SET Command Editing KeystrokesPress Key Results<Enter> Retains the setting and moves to the next setting.^<Enter> Returns to the previous setting.< <Enter> Returns to the previous setting category.> <Enter> Moves to the next setting category.END <Enter> Exits the editing session, then prompts you to save the settings.<Ctrl+X> Aborts the editing session without saving changes.Table 4.20 SHO Command (Show/View Settings)Command Description Access LevelSHO G sShow Global settings 1SHO R sShow Radio settings 1SHO P sShow serial Port settings 1
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Settings and CommandsCommands4.24STATUS CommandUse STA to display the status report, as shown in Table 4.21.Refer to Section 5: Performance Monitoring, Testing, and Troubleshooting for self-test thresholds and corrective actions, as well as information on hardware configuration conflict resolution. Figure 4.11 shows the device response to the STA command.=>>STA <Enter>RADIO 1 Date: 10/10/2009 Time: 16:44:00STATION_A Time Source: InternalSerial Number: 2009275250FID=SEL-3031-R100-V0-Z001001-D20091009 CID=25D052CFRFID=SEL-3031-R100-V0-D20091009BFID=SLBT-3031-R100-V0-Z000000-D20091009Part number 30310W01XXXPROTOCOLSPORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3STANDARD MODBUS MB8SELF TEST RESULTSFLASH SDRAM RADIO RTC SECOK OK OK OK ABSENTDevice EnabledFigure 4.11 Device Response to the STATUS CommandTable 4.22 shows the status report definitions and message formats for each test.Table 4.21 STA Command (Device Self-Test Status)Command Description Access LevelSTA nDisplays the device self-test information n times (n = 1–32767). Defaults to 1 if n is not specified. 1STA C Reboots the device and clears self-test warning and failure status results. 2Table 4.22 STA Command Report (Sheet 1 of 2)Status Report Designator Definition Message FormatFID Firmware identifier string Text DataRFID FPGA Firmware identifier string Text DataBFID SELBOOT Firmware identifier string Text DataPart Number Part Number of the SEL-3031 Text DataPORT 1, 2, 3 Protocol setting for port 1, 2, and 3 STANDARD, MB8, MODBUS
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSettings and CommandsCommands4.25TIME CommandUse TIME to return information about the SEL-3031 internal clock, as shown in Table 4.23. You can specify hours and minutes (seconds data are optional). Separate the hours, minutes, and seconds with colons, semicolons, spaces, commas, or slashes.tEnter TIME hh:mm and TIME hh:mm:ss to set the internal clock time. The value hh is for hours 0–23; the value mm is for minutes 0–59; the value ss is for seconds 0–59. If you enter a valid time, the device will update, save the time in nonvolatile memory, and display the time entered. If you enter an invalid time, the SEL-3031 will respond with Invalid Time.FLASH Nonvolatile memory integrity OK/FAILSDRAM Integrity of code that runs in RAM OK/FAILRADIO Radio module status OK/FAILRTC Real-Time Clock status OK/FAILSEC SEL-3044 Encryption Card status OK/ABSENT/RESET/FAILTable 4.23 Command DefinitionsCommand Description Access LevelTIME Displays the present internal clock time. 1TIME hh:mm Sets the internal clock to hh:mm.1TIME hh:mm:ss Sets the internal clock to hh:mm:ss.1Table 4.22 STA Command Report (Sheet 2 of 2)Status Report Designator Definition Message Format
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Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSection 5Performance Monitoring, Testing, and TroubleshootingOverviewThis section provides information on monitoring radio performance, testing, and troubleshooting. Because the SEL-3031 is equipped with extensive self-tests, traditional periodic test procedures may be eliminated or greatly reduced.Monitoring Radio PerformanceThis section describes the tools you can use to monitor and improve the radio performance. This section assumes that the radio link is up and running in service. There are several items that you can use to optimize the radio link. The first section explains how to optimize standard radio links using DNP3, Modbus®, or other byte-oriented protocols. The second section addresses monitoring the radio performance when using MIRRORED BITS®.Monitoring and Improving Radio Link PerformanceThis section assumes the radio link is up and running with sufficient link availability. If the radio link is either not working or has very low availability view Section 2: Installation for information on properly installed and operating the radio.Obtain access through the front USB port either with a terminal program or ACSELERATOR QuickSet® SEL-5030 Software. Access Level 1 and issue the RAD command (see Figure 5.1). The first value from the report is the RSSI receive signal strength indication. This is the level of received level strength of the radio given in dBm. A good radio link should have 20 dBm of margin to account for environmental conditions and signal fade. The SEL-3031 receiver is rated at –97 dBm. If you observe a value of –77 dBm or greater then you are receiving a strong signal. If the value is less than –77 dBm that does not mean the radio link will not work; it means that the performance and channel availability needs to be monitored. To increase the signal or availability numbers the radio antenna may need to be adjusted, output power increased, antenna replaced with a with a higher gain antenna, (not to exceed transmit power of 36 dBm EIRP), or the SKIP setting used to avoid zones with low availability. A path study should always be done before the radio is installed. The RSSI value
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Performance Monitoring, Testing, and TroubleshootingMonitoring Radio Performance5.2should match to the results of the path study. If the path study numbers do not match the actual results then either the data entered is incorrect or information about the locations was omitted. Contact SEL if you cannot get the calculated values to match the measured values.RADIO 1 Date: 09/11/2009 Time: 10:54:26STATION_A Time Source: InternalRSSI -46 dBmAVAILABILITY: From 09/11/2009 10:53:50Overall100.00 %Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5100.00 % 100.00 % 100.00 % 100.00 % 100.00 %Zone 6 Zone 7 Zone 8 Zone 9 Zone 10100.00 % 100.00 % 100.00 % 100.00 % 100.00 %Figure 5.1 Example RAD CommandIf you are using directional antennas, verify they have identical orientation—both sides must be either polarized horizontally or vertically. Typically, a vertically polarized antenna will give better results than a horizontally polarized antenna. If the location of the radio antenna is shared with other antennas operating at the same frequency, then proper spacing and opposite polarization should be used on one set of the antennas, along with using the SKIP setting. See Section 2: Installation for more information on antenna installation. Check the aiming of the antenna while updating the RAD command until you get the strongest signal. This will require two people, where one person is moving the position of the antenna in small increments, while the other is monitoring the RSSI. The antenna position must be rotated on both sides to obtain the highest signal strength. The RSSI must also be reviewed on each radio. The receive strength on the remote radio will likely be different than the received strength on the master radio.The last step to check is the availability of the radio link. The RAD command will give the overall availability of the radio link. For protection systems the desire is to have a radio link with 99.99% availability. This overall availability number is a great way of directly obtaining this number. If you are running MIRRORED BITS then you can also use the end devices for the availability number. To get a good availability reading, issue a RAD C command from Access Level 2. This will reset all of the availability numbers. Let the radio link run for a couple of days or longer. The longer period of time, the more accurate the numbers. After a few days have passed issue the RAD command and view the availability numbers. If the overall availability number is less than desired then look at the availability numbers per zone. If all of the zones are down in availability then more adjustment is needed on the antennas. If a few of the zones are down and the rest are acceptable then go back to the radio settings and change the SKIP zone setting. Enter the zones, up to six, that you want to skip with the lowest availability. Issue a RAD C command and let the radio run for a couple of days.
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualPerformance Monitoring, Testing, and TroubleshootingMonitoring Radio Performance5.3You may need to repeat these steps before the availability reaches the desired level. Note: There are 16 zones available in the SEL-3031 where a radio link only uses a maximum of 10 zones. Skipping zones will turn on zones not previously used and may give worse performance. The default SKIP setting of NONE will make the SEL-3031 SKIP zones 11–16.If the availability of most of the zones is bad (low) and positioning the antenna did not help then the radio link has a large amount of interference or there is an obstruction to the Fresnel zone that is causing reflection issues. The interference can be caused by a number of items. A path study is critical to determine how good the line-of-sight is and how high the antennas need to be. If the path study results do not match your actual results you will need to make sure all of the parameters used to make the path study were correct. If the results still do not match then there is an unaccounted obstruction in the path (either buildings or trees) that is causing the decrease in availability. View Section 2: Installation for more information on properly installing the antenna. If the availability numbers are less than desired then the problem is within the location, interference, or multipath radio issues. If the antenna tower is not located high enough and proper steps are not done to detect noise floors or obstructions to the fresnel zone then the availability numbers may not reach those used in the path study.Monitoring MIRRORED BITS PerformanceWhen using one, two, or three ports of the SEL-3031 for MIRRORED BITS communications it is important to monitor the availability of the channel. The SEL-3031 provides channel availability information and the MIRRORED BITS devices each contain communications data for each MIRRORED BITS channel. This section describes how these work and how to optimize the MIRRORED BITS channel to achieve a high level of availability.The end of the previous section describes how to measure the availability of the radio link. All SEL relays that have MIRRORED BITS give a full channel monitoring report that will give the unavailability and a report on all of the data drops. The SEL-3031 displays the availability and SEL MIRRORED BITS devices display the unavailability. The relationship of the two is represented below.Availability = 1 – UnavailabilityThe SEL-3031 will show a lower availability than shown by the SEL relays with MIRRORED BITS. The difference lies in how the radio monitors each packet of MIRRORED BITS. Upon detecting bad packets the SEL-3031 removes the packets before they reach the relay. The relay will only declare a dropped channel if it receives bad data or after a period of time expires without seeing a new data packet. This gives the SEL-3031 a chance to ride through several bad hops, remove corrupted data, keep the channel up and operating, and minimize the amount of total unavailability as seen by the MIRRORED BITS devices.Before you use an SEL device’s MIRRORED BITS communications report, make sure you go through Monitoring and Improving Radio Link Performance to verify the radio is optimized and the SKIP setting is set to avoid noisy zones.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Performance Monitoring, Testing, and TroubleshootingMonitoring Radio Performance5.4Monitoring MIRRORED BITS performance over a radio link is critical to ensure proper operation when called upon to operate. The RBAD and CBAD bits provided in every SEL device with MIRRORED BITS can be used to alarm when the radio link is degraded below levels needed for proper operation. ➤RBADPU: Setting for the amount of time the channel is in a failed state before setting the RBAD alarm Relay Word bit.➤CBADPU: Setting for the threshold of the CBAD channel availability alarm.When a MIRRORED BITS channel is operating correctly, Relay Word bit ROK is set to 1. When the channel is disturbed, ROK drops out. The ROK bit is not recommended for use as an alarm point. ROK is a good indication of the channel’s health. If the ROK bit is toggling, this is an indication of an intermittent channel problem.Figure 5.2 RBAD GenerationThe RBAD bit is generated by the output of the RBAD timer. The RBAD timer is driven by the ROK signal. RBAD is the recommended bit to indicate communications alarms. Typically, a communications outage of two seconds or greater is considered an alarm condition. RBAD should be set on both MIRRORED BITS device to the maximum length of outage before declaring an alarm.The CBADPU setting is generated from the unavailability of the MIRRORED BITS channel. For example, if RBADPU is set to 2 seconds and the longest channel disruption was 1 second out of every second and this occurred every 2 seconds, RBAD would not assert. RBAD would not assert because MIRRORED BITS is not disrupted for longer than 2 seconds at any time. Relay Word bit CBAD and the CBADPU setting solves this problem. To set CBADPU there are two good options. The first option is to set it to 2000. This is a common value used based upon spread spectrum radio use in the field. The CBAD Relay Word bit will assert when the unavailability of the channel exceeds 0.02.The other method in setting CBAD is to let the radio link run for a period of time and monitor the performance. After reviewing a month of unavailability you will be able to set CBADPU above the unavailability value.The proper setting and use of CBAD and RBAD is important to report when the communications link has failed or has become intermittent enough to cripple proper communication. Over time, many issues can occur to cause a bad or intermittent radio link. Items such as tree growth, new building construction, or another radio added at MIRRORED BITS Decoder and IntegrityChecksROKRBAD Timer RBADSerial Data
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualPerformance Monitoring, Testing, and TroubleshootingSelf-Test5.5the site or in the path of the current radio link. It is important to take CBAD and RBAD and use them in the relay to trigger an alarm condition through an output contact or have the SCADA system detect the alarm. Line-of-site radio paths can experience adverse conditions over time and it is critical to constantly monitor the radio performance to keep the availability numbers as high as possible.Self-TestAll self-tests are described in Table 5.1. If all diagnostic tests are passed, the ENABLED LED is on, the ALARM LED is off, and the contact output is open. If the device is disabled, the ENABLED LED is off, the ALARM LED is illuminated, and the contact output is closed.Ta b le 5.1 D ev i ce S e lf-TestsSelf-Test Description SER MessageAlarm LEDAlarm ContactFPGA Version Mismatch Fails if FPGA registers do not match expected. Yes On ClosedData RAM Performs read/write tests on each section of Data RAM. Yes On ClosedCode RAM Performs a comparison test against code flash. Yes On ClosedCode Flash Checksum is continually computed on code base. No On ClosedFlash (Settings) Performs a validity test every hour on the settings. Yes On ClosedProcessor Exception Indicates processor failure. Yes On ClosedRTC Indicates clock chip static RAM fail-ures. Yes On Closed
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009Performance Monitoring, Testing, and TroubleshootingTroubleshooting5.6TroubleshootingTable 5.2 Troubleshooting Tips (Sheet 1 of 2)Symptom Probable Cause Corrective ActionALARM LED is ON Radio recognized a status failure. Cycle power, issue STA-TUS command. If alarm signal returns, return unit to the factory for repair.ALARM LED flashes ON every half second. Radio detected a VSWR error where there is an open or short on the antenna port.Verify all connections from the antenna to the radio are secure. Verify the antenna, feedlines, or lightning arres-tor is not damaged.The SEC LED is flashing. The SEL-3031 properly detects the encryption card but the card is in reset and doesn't have the key set.Use ACSELERATOR Quick-Set and set the KEY setting. This must be set the same on both radios.Cannot connect to the radio through the USB port. USB driver not installed properly. Check for active SEL to USB drivers from your PC in Device Manager Ports section. If that does not work, uninstall and rein-stall the driver and restart your PC.Cannot change radio set-tings. Invalid password. Install password disable jumper and change pass-words using the PAS com-mand. See Password Jumper on page 2.10 for information on how to dis-able passwords.Wall-mount radio will not turn on. The polarity of the power supply wires is reversed. Check the correct polarity and reverse if incorrect.
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualPerformance Monitoring, Testing, and TroubleshootingTroubleshooting5.7The Remote radio will not link up to the Master. Radio address or mode is not set correctly. The Master and Remote radios must be set to the same address and have the same SKIP settings. Check that the Master radio LINK light is ON and that the NID address and SKIP setting is set correctly on both units.Antennas are not pointed correctly, or there is a bad antenna cable.Use ACSELERATOR Quick-Set on the radio to issue the RAD command to check for signal strength. If the signal is low, try to re-aim both antennas to gain signal strength and check for bad antenna cables. See Section 2: Installation for more information on proper radio installation.Table 5.2 Troubleshooting Tips (Sheet 2 of 2)Symptom Probable Cause Corrective Action
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Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualAppendix AU.Instru ction ManualFirmware and Manual VersionsFirmwareDetermining the Firmware Version in Your DeviceTo find the version number of the firmware in your SEL-3031, use the STA command (see STATUS Command on page 4.24 for more information). The firmware revision number is after the R, and the release date is after the D. For example, the following string shows firmware version number 100 with a release date of October 9, 2009:FID=SEL-3031-R100-V0-Z001001-D20091009Table A.1 lists the firmware versions, a description of any modifications, and the instruction manual date code that corresponds to firmware versions. The most recent firmware version is listed first.Instruction ManualThe date code at the bottom of each page of this manual reflects the creation or revision date.Table A.2 lists the instruction manual release dates and a description of modifications. The most recent instruction manual revisions are listed at the top.Table A.1 Firmware Revision HistoryFirmware Identification (FID) Number Summary of Revisions Manual Date CodeSEL-3031-R100-V0-Z001001-D20091009 ➤Initial version. 20091009Table A.2 Instruction Manual Revision HistoryRevision Date Summary of Revisions20091009 ➤Initial version.
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Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualAppendix BSEL-3044 Encryption CardOverviewThe SEL-3044 Encryption Card is a standalone card that can be added to the SEL-3031 to encrypt the radio data being sent between SEL-3031 radio links. The SEL-3044 can be ordered at time of purchase or added as an upgrade. The SEL-3044 requires one setting to provide a very strong level of encryption over the radio link. Anytime the SEL-3031 is used with critical data it is strongly advised to use the SEL-3044. If you do not use the SEL-3044, the data between the radios can be compromised. If you want to encrypt the radio link an SEL-3044 is required in both radios.NOTE: The SEL-3044 is NOT a PCMCIA card. Do not install in a laptop.Figure B.1 SEL-3044 Encryption CardNIST FIPS 140-2 Level 2 Security RequirementsThe National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) developed the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 140-2 standard that defines the security requirements for a cryptographic module utilized within a security system protecting sensitive information in computer and telecommunications systems.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009SEL-3044 Encryption CardTheory of Operation—SEL ProtocolB.2Protection of a cryptographic module within a security system is necessary to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of the information protected by the module. FIPS 140-2 Level 2 covers areas related to the secure design and implementation of a cryptographic module. These areas include the following:➤Cryptographic module specification ➤Cryptographic module ports and interfaces➤Roles, services, and authentication ➤Finite state model➤Physical security➤Operational environment➤Cryptographic key management➤Electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility (EMI/EMC)➤Self-tests➤Design assurance➤Mitigation of other attacksThe SEL-3044 meets FIPS 140-2 Level 2 requirements and has been submitted for FIPS 140-2 Level 2 security validation. The status is currently pending NIST approval. This level of data security provides assurance that best practices have been applied to the design, testing, and manufacturing of the SEL-3044.Theory of Operation—SEL ProtocolEncryption ComponentsA cryptographic device consists of three components: encryption algorithm, key management, and device security functions.Encryption AlgorithmThe Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm with a key length of 256 bits is implemented in the SEL-3044. This algorithm is a secure means of encrypting data. The AES algorithm and key length provide proven resistance to modern cryptanalysis.
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSEL-3044 Encryption CardTheory of Operation—SEL ProtocolB.3Key ManagementSystem key (256 bits): The system key is set by a passphrase of 8 to 80 characters. The passphrase is used to generate a system key. The system key is used to encrypt and securely transmit unique session keys (see below). It also provides a cryptographic authentication mechanism for rejecting session requests by unauthorized SEL-3044 devices.Session key (256 bits): Session keys are used to encrypt all protected user data prior to transmission. They are produced at system startup and periodically during sessions. Session keys are generated using the process outlined by FIPS 186-2. They are produced using an integrated physical random number generator (RNG) and a statistical data whitening algorithm. Session keys are purely random and are not linked to the system key. The use of unique session keys limits the amount of data that is encrypted with a single key value, thus strengthening the system against cryptanalytical attack. The session keys are encrypted using the system key prior to being exchanged between SEL-3044.Device SecurityThe SEL-3044 incorporates a hardware RNG and FIPS-approved data whitener to guarantee that all session keys contain 256 bits of entropy (i.e., completely random). This guarantees that encoded messages are protected by a true cryptographic strength of 256 bits.Multilevel password authentication defines user security roles.Changing the system key can only be performed by authorized users that have Access Level 2 passwords.If required, the user can reset the entire device. This allows the user to reinitialize the system key should the security parameters need to change due to IT security procedures or if the programmed system key value is lost. NOTE: This process requires physical access to the SEL-3031 and cannot be done remotely.Security of the Transferred DataThe SEL-3044 provides data encryption with a cryptographic key strength of 256 bits. The SEL-3044 RNG is designed so that all possible key values are equally likely. It is widely accepted throughout the cryptographic community that it is not realistically possible to mount a successful brute force (key guessing) attack on a 256-bit key space with technology available today.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009SEL-3044 Encryption CardTheory of Operation—SEL ProtocolB.4Application ConsiderationTwo messaging structures exist to establish and maintain a secure, coherent communications link between two SEL-3044 devices: In-Band (IB) frames and Out-of-Band (OOB) frames. IB frames transmit encrypted user data (i.e., data received on the trusted data interface) between the two protected devices (computer, IED, RTU, etc.). OOB frames transmit connection control data between the two SEL-3044 devices in the communications link. Control frames are required to implement key exchanges, status checks, and other functions necessary to maintain the communications link.In-Band Message FormatIB messages consist of the encrypted data plus the frame overhead necessary to maintain synchronization and channel security. Figure B.2 shows the format of an IB frame. The shaded area is the encrypted data portion of the message.Figure B.2 In-Band Data Packet FormatOut-of-Band MessageOut-of-Band (OOB) messages are used to exchange control information between SEL-3044 cards. These exchanges include loss of synchronization, request for rekey, and rekey information. IMPORTANT: During OOB message communication, data exchange between the devices connected to the SEL-3044 cannot occur. Communication will be temporarily halted during a rekey. System SettingsThe system key provides encryption and secure transmission of unique session keys between SEL-3044 devices. It also provides a cryptographic authentication mechanism for rejecting session requests by unauthorized devices. Session keys provide encryption of all protected user data prior to transmission. An SEL-3044 produces session keys at system startup, and periodically during sessions, using the process outlined by FIPS 186-2. An integrated physical RNG and statistical data-whitening algorithm generate purely random session keys. Through the use of these unique session keys, the SEL-3044 limits the amount of data encrypted by any single key value, thus strengthening the system against attack. IB HeaderMaximum of 7 Bytes User-Defined Frame LengthProtected Data
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSEL-3044 Encryption CardTheory of Operation—SEL ProtocolB.5NOTE: Both SEL-3044 transceivers that communicate with each other must share the same system key.AES OverviewThe AES encryption function uses a 256-bit-long secret key and scrambles the contents of each frame prior to transmission to provide cryptographically strong data confidentiality.Encryption is the process of transforming a digital message from its original form into a form that an unauthorized individual cannot interpret. The output of the encryption process is a function of the message and an encryption key (see Figure B.3).Figure B.3 Operation of the AES Encryption FunctionThis encryption process must be completely reversible by an authorized individual with access to the secret decryption key. Authority to read a message is only granted by sharing knowledge of the secret decryption key. Ideally, only individuals with knowledge of the decryption key can reverse the encryption operation and interpret the protected message. There are two main classes of encryption functions. Symmetric key encryption relies on the same secret key value, K, to perform both the encryption and decryption transformations. Asymmetric key encryption, on the other hand, uses a different key for encryption and decryption for example, asymmetric encryption might use K1 for encryption and K2 for decryption. The AES encryption algorithm the SEL-3044 uses is a symmetric block cipher with an encryption/decryption key size of 256 bits.The AES is the latest encryption standard adopted by NIST. In 1997, NIST challenged the cryptographic community to develop the next generation encryption algorithm to replace the aging DES and 3DES encryption standards. In 2000, NIST chose the Rijndael encryption algorithm as the AES encryption standard. During the evaluation of candidates for the AES standard, some of the world’s best cryptanalysts analyzed and approved Rijndael. Since its adoption in 2001, AES has proven to be very effective against known attacks, very efficient, and simple to implement.Encryption Key Decryption KeyHi Bob! *4gu>gaIL8}2=hAESEncrypt Hi Bob!AESDecrypt
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual Date Code 20091009SEL-3044 Encryption CardTheory of Operation—SEL ProtocolB.6Frame Replay ProtectionEvery frame in a given session contains a sequence number field. The value in this field increments every time a frame is transmitted. The SEL-3044 will not accept any frame that contains a sequence number value that is less than, or equal to, the sequence number value received in the last frame. It is exceedingly difficult to maliciously alter the sequence number in any given frame to bypass this functionality because the sequence number field is protected by the strong cryptographic authentication mechanisms. Because of the protection these mechanisms provide, an attacker cannot capture a previously transmitted frame and resend the frame to the SEL-3044 to cause harmful actions.Resetting the SEL-3044At some point it may be necessary to reset the SEL-3044. You must have access to the front USB port on the SEL-3031. The SEL-3044 must be installed in the SEL-3031 to reset. Use either ACSELERATOR QuickSet® SEL-5030 Software or a terminal interface to access the Radio settings. In the Radio settings, set the KEY setting to None, save the setting, then set a new passphrase and save.If you have lost your passwords to access the SEL-3031 then you must disable passwords by temporarily installing a jumper. Refer to Password Jumper on page 2.10 and Table 2.5 for information and instructions on disabling passwords.Installing SEL-3044 in the SEL-3031The SEL-3044 can be ordered at time of purchase of the radio or it may be added later as a field upgrade. The process involves powering down the radio, removing hardware, installing the card, and setting the radio.The radio contains devices sensitive to Electrostatic Discharge (ESD). When working on the radio with the front or top cover removed, work surfaces and personnel must be properly grounded or equipment damage may result.!CAUTIONStep 1. Remove the power from the radio and remove all connections from the device.Step 2. Rack-mount SEL-3031: Loosen the six front-panel screws and remove the front panel.Wall-mount model: Use a Torx® T15 screwdriver and remove the four screws located on the sides of each corner. Slide the cover up and back to reveal the front of the unit.Step 3. Between the main board and radio board there is a PCMCIA card slot. Gently slide the SEL-3044 straight into the card slot. Push firmly until it is fully seated.
Date Code 20091009 SEL-3031 Instruction ManualSEL-3044 Encryption CardTheory of Operation—SEL ProtocolB.7Figure B.4 Encryption Card LocationStep 4. Reassemble the unit in reverse order of Step 2.Step 5. Apply power to the unit and verify the SEC light is flashing. The flashing LED shows the SEL-3044 is functioning properly and is currently in Reset.If the SEC LED is not flashing, then you must turn off the unit and verify the card is properly seated in the pins.If the SEC LED does not flash on power up after checking the card is seated properly, then you will need to send the radio and encryption card back for repair.Step 6. Use ACSELERATOR QuickSet to connect to the device and set the KEY setting to enable the SEL-3044.Step 7. The KEY setting must be set the same on both SEL-3031 transceivers for proper operation.
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