Sentilla TMOTESKY Tmote Sky User Manual tmote sky datasheet 102
Sentilla Corporation Tmote Sky tmote sky datasheet 102
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Users Manual Revised
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 1 of 27
Ultra low power IEEE 802.15.4 compliant
wireless sensor module
Humidity, Light, and Temperature sensors with USB
Product Description
Tmote sky is an ultra low power wireless
module for use in sensor networks,
monitoring applications, and rapid
application prototyping. Tmote leverages
industry standards like USB and IEEE
802.15.4 to interoperate seamlessly with
other devices. By using industry standards,
integrating humidity, temperature, and light
sensors, and providing flexible
interconnection with peripherals, Tmote
enables a wide range of mesh network
applications. Tmote sky is a drop-in
replacement for Moteiv’s successful Telos design. Tmote sky includes increased performance,
functionality, and expansion. With TinyOS support out-of-the-box, Tmote leverages emerging
wireless protocols and the open source software movement. Tmote is part of a line of modules
featuring on-board sensors to increase robustness while decreasing cost and package size.
Key Features
• 250kbps 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4 Chipcon Wireless Transceiver
• Interoperability with other IEEE 802.15.4 devices
• 8MHz Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller (10k RAM, 48k Flash)
• Integrated ADC, DAC, Supply Voltage Supervisor, and DMA Controller
• Integrated onboard antenna with 50m range indoors / 125m range outdoors
• Integrated Humidity, Temperature, and Light sensors
• Ultra low current consumption
• Fast wakeup from sleep (<6μs)
• Hardware link-layer encryption and authentication
• Programming and data collection via USB
• 16-pin expansion support and optional SMA antenna connector
• TinyOS support : mesh networking and communication implementation
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 2 of 27
Table of Contents
Product Description.......................................................................................................................1
Key Features.................................................................................................................................1
Table of Contents..........................................................................................................................2
Module Description .......................................................................................................................3
Power....................................................................................................................................4
Typical Operating Conditions................................................................................................4
Mechanical Characteristics ...................................................................................................5
Block Diagram.......................................................................................................................6
Schematic .............................................................................................................................7
Microprocessor .............................................................................................................................9
Description ............................................................................................................................9
Typical Operating Conditions................................................................................................9
PC Communication ...............................................................................................................9
Programming.......................................................................................................................10
Block Diagram.....................................................................................................................12
Radio...........................................................................................................................................13
Description ..........................................................................................................................13
Typical Operating Conditions..............................................................................................14
Measured Output Power .....................................................................................................14
Antenna.......................................................................................................................................15
Internal Antenna without Battery Pack................................................................................15
Internal Antenna with Battery Pack.....................................................................................15
Radiation Pattern ................................................................................................................16
External Flash.............................................................................................................................17
Typical Operating Conditions..............................................................................................17
Flash Hardware Write Protection ........................................................................................18
Sensors.......................................................................................................................................19
Humidity/Temperature Sensor ............................................................................................19
Light Sensors ......................................................................................................................20
Expansion Connector..........................................................................................................21
Internal Temperature and Voltage Monitoring.....................................................................23
Agency Certification....................................................................................................................24
FCC Certification.................................................................................................................24
OEM Labeling requirement .................................................................................................24
FCC Notices........................................................................................................................24
General Information ....................................................................................................................25
Document History................................................................................................................25
Product Status Definitions...................................................................................................25
Disclaimer ...........................................................................................................................26
Address Information............................................................................................................27
Headquarters ......................................................................................................................27
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 3 of 27
Module Description
The Tmote module is a low power “mote” with integrated sensors, radio, antenna,
microcontroller, and programming capabilities.
USB
Connector
User
Button Reset
Button
Photosynthetically
Active Radiation
Sensor
(optional) Total Solar
Radiation
Sensor
(optional)
10-pin expansion
connector
6-pin expansion
connector
Internal
Antenna
CC2420
Radio SMA
Antenna
Connector
(optional)
Humidity
Temperature
Sensor
(optional)
USB Transmit LED
USB Receive LED
LEDs
USB
Microcontroller
Digital switch
Isolating USB from
microcontroller
JTAG
connector
USB
Connector
User
Button Reset
Button
Photosynthetically
Active Radiation
Sensor
(optional) Total Solar
Radiation
Sensor
(optional)
10-pin expansion
connector
6-pin expansion
connector
Internal
Antenna
CC2420
Radio SMA
Antenna
Connector
(optional)
Humidity
Temperature
Sensor
(optional)
USB Transmit LED
USB Receive LED
LEDs
USB
Microcontroller
Digital switch
Isolating USB from
microcontroller
JTAG
connector
USB
Flash (2kB) ST Code
Flash (1MB)
Texas Instruments
MSP430 F1611
microcontroller
32kHz
oscillator
48-bit silicon
serial ID
2-pin SVS
connector
USB
Flash (2kB) ST Code
Flash (1MB)
Texas Instruments
MSP430 F1611
microcontroller
32kHz
oscillator
48-bit silicon
serial ID
2-pin SVS
connector
Figure 1 : Front and Back of the Tmote module
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 4 of 27
Power
Tmote may be powered by two AA batteries. The module was designed to fit the two AA battery
form factor. AA cells may be used in the operating range of 2.1 to 3.6V DC, however the
voltage must be at least 2.7V when programming the microcontroller flash or external flash.
If the Tmote module is plugged into the USB port for programming or communication, it will
receive power from the host computer. The mote operating voltage when attached to USB is
3V. If Tmote will always be attached to a USB port, no battery pack is necessary.
The 16-pin expansion connector (described in the Section on page 17) can provide power to the
module. Any of the battery terminal connections may also provide power to the module. At no
point should the input voltage exceed 3.6V—doing so may damage the microcontroller, radio, or
other components.
Typical Operating Conditions
MIN NOM MAX UNIT
Supply voltage 2.1 3.6 V
Supply voltage during flash memory programming 2.7 3.6 V
Operating free air temperature -40 85 oC
Current Consumption: MCU on, Radio RX 21.8 23 mA
Current Consumption: MCU on, Radio TX 19.5 21 mA
Current Consumption: MCU on, Radio off 1800 2400 μA
Current Consumption: MCU idle, Radio off 54.5 1200 μA
Current Consumption: MCU standby 5.1 21.0 μA
Caution! ESD sensitive device.
Precaution should be used when handling
the device in order to prevent permanent
damage.
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 5 of 27
Mechanical Characteristics
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Tag X Y Size Notes
1 0.183 0.099 Ø 0.090 Mounting hole, do not use metal fixture
2 2.454 0.099 Ø 0.090 Mounting hole
3 2.454 1.151 Ø 0.090 Mounting hole
4 0.755 0.162 Ø 0.066 Pin 1 of 10-pin 0.1in rect IDC connector
5 1.099 0.163 Ø 0.066 Pin 1 of 6-pin 0.1in rect IDC connector
6 2.139 0.909 Ø 0.034 Pin 1 of 8-pin 2mm rect JTAG connector
Figure 2 : Physical dimensions of Tmote sky.
All units are in inches unless otherwise noted.
MIN NOM MAX UNIT
Width 1.24 1.26 1.29 in
Length 2.55 2.58 2.60 in
Height (without battery pack and SMA antenna) 0.24 0.26 0.27 in
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 9 of 27
Microprocessor
Description
The low power operation of the Tmote module is due to the ultra low power Texas Instruments
MSP430 F1611 microcontroller featuring 10kB of RAM, 48kB of flash, and 128B of information
storage. This 16-bit RISC processor features extremely low active and sleep current
consumption that permits Tmote to run for years on a single pair of AA batteries. The MSP430
has an internal digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) that may operate up to 8MHz. The DCO
may be turned on from sleep mode in 6μs, however 292ns is typical at room temperature.
When the DCO is off, the MSP430 operates off an eternal 32768Hz watch crystal. Although the
DCO frequency changes with voltage and temperature, it may be calibrated by using the 32kHz
oscillator.
In addition to the DCO, the MSP430 has 8 external ADC ports and 8 internal ADC ports. The
ADC internal ports may be used to read the internal thermistor or monitor the battery voltage.
A variety of peripherals are available including SPI, UART, digital I/O ports, Watchdog timer,
and Timers with capture and compare functionality. The F1611 also includes a 2-port 12-bit
DAC module, Supply Voltage Supervisor, and 3-port DMA controller.
The features of the MSP430 F1611 are presented in detail in the Texas Instruments
MSP430x1xx Family User’s Guide available at http://ti.com/msp430.
Typical Operating Conditions
MIN NOM MAX UNIT
Supply voltage during program execution 1.8 3.6 V
Supply voltage during flash memory programming 2.7 3.6 V
Operating free air temperature -40 85 oC
Low frequency crystal frequency 32.768 kHz
Active current at Vcc = 3V, 1MHz 500 600 μA
Sleep current in LPM3 Vcc = 3V, 32.768kHz active 2.6 3.0 μA
Wake up from LPM3 (low power mode) 6 μs
PC Communication
Tmote uses a USB controller from FTDI to communicate with the host computer. In order to
communicate with the mote, the FTDI drivers must be installed on the host. FTDI provides
drivers for Windows, Linux, BSD, Macintosh, and Windows CE. These drivers are included on
the Moteiv CD shipped with your order. Windows users will need the Virtual Com Port (VCP)
drivers. They may also be downloaded from FTDI’s website at: http://www.ftdichip.com/
After installing the driver, Tmote appears as a COM port in Windows’ device manager (or as a
device in /dev in Linux, OSX, and BSD). Multiple Tmote motes may be connected to a single
computer’s USB ports at the same time. Each mote will receive a different COM port identifier.
In the example below, one Tmote is connected and assigned COM6 “USB Serial Port”.
An application may read from Tmote by opening the COM port assigned to the Tmote mote.
Tmote communicates with the host PC through USART1 on the TI MSP430.
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 10 of 27
Figure 5 : Device Manager showing Tmote installed as COM6
The motelist command line utility lists all of the Tmote motes currently connected to a
computer. This utility optionally lists previously connected motes that the system has cached.
Invoke motelist with the -h option for more information.
> motelist
Reference CommPort Description
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------
M49WD0S6 COM6 Moteiv tmote sky
NOTE: Tmote sky uses an I2C digital switch to prevent unwanted conventional serial port
signals from reaching the TI microcontroller. The I2C protocol must be implemented and
sent over the RTS and DTR lines in order to obtain direct access between the Tmote and
USB controller. The UART lines do not use the I2C switch allowing direct communication
(but not programming or JTAG) without additional software.
Programming
The Tmote module is programmed through the onboard USB connector. A modified version of
the MSP430 Bootstrap Loader, msp430-bsl, programs the microcontroller’s flash. Tmote has
a unique hardware circuit that prevents the mote from spuriously resetting. This hardware
circuit makes it necessary to have a special sequence sent to the module in order to program it.
By invoking msp430-bsl, verify you have the patched BSL by looking for the “telos” keyword.
Version 1.39-telos-7 or later is required for Tmote sky.
> msp430-bsl
MSP430 Bootstrap Loader Version: 1.39-telos-7
Use -h for help
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 11 of 27
To communicate with Tmote, the MSP430 Bootstrap Loader requires a set of options to provide
the proper signals to the microcontroller to initiate programming. For convenience, the options
have been folded into a single Tmote flag:
--tmote
To program a Tmote module on COM3 (or /dev/ttyUSB2 in Linux) with an application image
named app.ihex, invoke the MSP430 Bootstrap loader with the following options.
> msp430-bsl --tmote -c 2 -r -e -I -p app.ihex
MSP430 Bootstrap Loader Version: 1.39-telos-7
Mass Erase...
Transmit default password ...
Invoking BSL...
Transmit default password ...
Current bootstrap loader version: 1.61 (Device ID: f16c)
Changing baudrate to 38400 ...
Program ...
2742 bytes programmed.
Reset device ...
If you are using TinyOS, it has support for programming Tmote. After compiling your
application, you may install it with the following command
> make tmote install.x bsl,n
Where x is the 16-bit address assigned to the mote and n is the COM port that Tmote is
currently using. Note that not including “bsl” or “bsl,n” will program automatically using the
bsl to the first Telos mote found on the USB bus using the motelist command.
For more information about the options in the MSP430 Bootstrap loader, invoke msp430-bsl
with the -h option to display the help information.
Motelist and msp430-bsl are available from Moteiv Corporation at http://www.moteiv.com in
the “Support” section.
NOTE: msp430-bsl starts counting from 0, but COM ports in Windows start counting at 1.
If Tmote is connected to COM3 in Windows, you must program it using “-c 2” or “bsl,2”
when invoking msp430-bsl. In Linux, Tmote will appear as /dev/ttyUSB2 and may be
programmed using “-c 2” or “bsl,2”.
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 12 of 27
Block Diagram
Oscillator
System
Clock
32kHz
ACLK
SMCLK
CPU
16 bit
16 reg
multiply
Flash
RAM
12-bit ADC
8 Channels
<10μs Conv
12-bit DAC
2 Channels
16-bit bus
I/O Port 3/4
16 I/Os
I/O Port 1/2
16 I/Os
Interrupts
I/O Port 5/6
8 I/Os
MCLK
Watchdog
Timer
15/16 bit
Timer A
3 CC reg
Comparator
A
Timer B
7 CC reg
USART0
UART
SPI
I2C
DMA
Controller
3 Channels
USART1
UART
SPI
CC2420 Radio
Interrupts & SPI
PC
UART via USB
Figure 6 : Block diagram of the TI MSP430 microcontroller and its connection to other peripherals
in the Tmote module
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 13 of 27
Radio
Description
Tmote features the Chipcon CC2420 radio for wireless communications. The CC2420 is an
IEEE 802.15.4 compliant radio providing the PHY and some MAC functions. With sensitivity
exceeding the IEEE 802.15.4 specification and low power operation, the CC2420 provides
reliable wireless communication. The CC2420 is highly configurable for many applications with
the default radio settings providing IEEE 802.15.4 compliance. Features and usage of the
CC2420 is available in Chipcon’s datasheet at http://www.chipcon.com
The CC2420 is controlled by the TI MSP430 microcontroller through the SPI port and a series of
digital I/O lines and interrupts (see the Schematics on page 7 for more information). The radio
may be shut off by the microcontroller for low power duty cycled operation.
The CC2420 has programmable output power. Common CC2420 register values and their
corresponding current consumption and output power are shown in Figure 7.
PA_LEVEL TXCTRL register Output Power [dBm] Current Consumption [mA]
31 0xA0FF 0 17.4
27 0xA0FB -1 16.5
23 0xA0F7 -3 15.2
19 0xA0F3 -5 13.9
15 0xA0EF -7 12.5
11 0xA0EB -10 11.2
7 0xA0E7 -15 9.9
3 0xA0E3 -25 8.5
Figure 7 : Output power configuration for the CC2420
The CC2420 provides a digital received signal strength indicator (RSSI) that may be read any
time. Additionally, on each packet reception, the CC2420 samples the first eight chips,
calculates the error rate, and produces a link quality indication (LQI) value with each received
packet. A mapping from RSSI to the RF level in dBm is shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8 : Received Signal Strength Indicator mapping to RF Power [dBm]
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 14 of 27
Typical Operating Conditions
MIN NOM MAX UNIT
Supply voltage during radio operation (Vreg on) 2.1 3.6 V
Operating free air temperature -40 85 oC
RF frequency range 2400 2483.5 MHz
Transmit bit rate 250 250 kbps
Nominal output power -3 0 dBm
Programmable output power range 40 dBm
Receiver sensitivity -90 -94 dBm
Current consumption: Radio transmitting at 0 dBm 17.4 mA
Current consumption: Radio receiving 19.7 mA
Current consumption: Radio on, Oscillator on 365 μΑ
Current consumption: Idle mode, Oscillator off 20 μΑ
Current consumption: Power Down mode, Vreg off 1 μΑ
Voltage regulator current draw 13 20 29 μΑ
Radio oscillator startup time 580 860 μs
Measured Output Power
The RF output power of the Tmote module from the CC2420 radio is shown in Figure 9. For
this test, the Tmote module is transmitting at 2.405GHz (IEEE 802.15.4 channel 11) using the
O-QPSK modulation with DSSS. The CC2420 programmed output power is set to 0 dBm. The
measured output power of the entire modulated spectrum is 2.4 dBm.
2.4 2.401 2.402 2.403 2.404 2.405 2.406 2.407 2.408 2.409 2.4
1
−50
−45
−40
−35
−30
−25
−20
−15
−10
−5
0
Frequency (GHz)
Output power (dBm)
RWB: 100 kHz
VWB: 100 kHz
Sweep: 50ms
Figure 9 : Measured RF output power over the modulated spectrum from the Tmote module
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 15 of 27
Antenna
Tmote’ internal antenna is an Inverted-F microstrip design protruding from the end of the board
away from the battery pack. The Inverted-F antenna is a wire monopole where the top section
is folded down to be parallel with the ground plane. Although not a perfect omnidirectional
pattern, the antenna may attain 50-meter range indoors and upwards of 125-meter range
outdoors. Measurements of the internal antenna’s performance with and without a battery pack
are show in Figure 10 and Figure 11. Approximate radiation patterns for the Inverted-F antenna
as provided by Chipcon AS are shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13.
Internal Antenna without Battery Pack
2004/11/25 Thr 14:44:06
CH2 S11 SMITH(R+jX) FS 1.000
MKR 3: 2.483 958 333GHz
65.166 4.083
Cor
3:2.483 958GHz 65.041 4.227 270.843pH
2:2.450 000GHz 39.757 -4.623 14.050pF
1:2.400 000GHz 40.014 -40.598 1.633pF
3
1
2
START 2.3GHz [ 10.00 dBm] STOP 2.55GHz
2.3 2.325 2.35 2.375 2.4 2.425 2.45 2.475 2.5 2.525 2.5
5
−50
−45
−40
−35
−30
−25
−20
−15
−10
−5
0
Frequency (GHz)
Log(|S11|) (dB)
1
23
4
1: 2.400 GHz −7.40 dB
2: 2.450 GHz −16.58 dB
3: 2.485 GHz −16.58 dB
4: 2.500 GHz −12.50 dB
Figure 10 : S11 measurements for the internal inverted-F antenna when no battery pack is present
Internal Antenna with Battery Pack
2004/11/25 Thr 14:49:13
CH2 S11 SMITH(R+jX) FS 1.000
MKR 3: 2.483 958 333GHz
57.265 7.168
Cor
3:2.483 958GHz 57.205 7.146 457.900pH
2:2.450 000GHz 34.763 -8.204 7.917pF
1:2.400 000GHz 38.610 -49.225 1.347pF
1
2
3
START 2.3GHz [ 10.00 dBm] STOP 2.55GHz
2.3 2.325 2.35 2.375 2.4 2.425 2.45 2.475 2.5 2.525 2.5
5
−50
−45
−40
−35
−30
−25
−20
−15
−10
−5
0
Frequency (GHz)
Log(|S11|) (dB)
1
2
3
4
1: 2.400 GHz −5.10 dB
2: 2.450 GHz −13.27 dB
3: 2.485 GHz −20.92 dB
4: 2.500 GHz −12.24 dB
Figure 11 : S11 measurements for the internal inverted-F antenna with battery pack underneath
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 16 of 27
Radiation Pattern
Figure 12 : Radiated pattern of the Inverted-F antenna with horizontal mounting (from Chipcon AS)
Figure 13 : Radiated pattern of the Inverted-F antenna with vertical mounting (from Chipcon AS)
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 17 of 27
External Flash
Tmote sky uses the ST M25P80 40MHz serial code flash for external data and code storage.
The flash holds 1024kB of data and is decomposed into 16 segments, each 64kB in size. The
flash shares SPI communication lines with the CC2420 transceiver. Care must be taken when
reading or writing to flash such that it is interleaved with radio communication, typically
implemented as a software arbitration protocol for the SPI bus on the microcontroller.
SC_HS
ALF
CCVD_P
CCVD
KLCS_OIDAR
OS_OIDAR
IS_OIDAR
DLOH_HSALF
rewoP BSU
4.
4
P7.4P
CCVD
92
Rk01
5U
08P
5
2M
S
1
Q
2
W
3
ss
V
4D5
C6
D
LOH 7
ccV 8
Figure 14 : External serial flash schematic
Typical Operating Conditions
MIN NOM MAX UNIT
Supply voltage during flash memory programming 2.7 3.6 V
Operating free air temperature -40 85 oC
Erase/Programming cycles 100,000 cycles
Data Retention 20 years
Active current (READ) 4 mA
Active current (WRITE/ERASE) 20 mA
Standby current 8 50 μA
Deep Power Down current 1 10 μΑ
NOTE: The ST M25P-series of code flash always starts in the standby state. For low
power applications, the flash must be sent a command at boot time to place it in the deep
power down mode. If using TinyOS, the flash is automatically put into deep power down
mode and must be instructed to exit deep power down mode the first time the flash is
accessed. See the ST M25P80 datasheet for more information.
http://www.st.com/stonline/books/pdf/docs/8495.pdf
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 18 of 27
Flash Hardware Write Protection
The flash includes hardware write protection functionality. The write protection exists on a
sector basis as shown in Figure 16. The hardware write protection pin (Pin 3 of the M25P80
shown in Figure 14) only disables write protection when the module is powered by the USB port.
When connected to USB, the status register must be updated by removing the write protect and
block protect bits in Figure 15. The write protected segments may only be changed after the
module connected to USB and the write protect bit is cleared.
Tmote ships with sector 15 (the upper sixteenth sector) write protected and the SRWD bit set.
In sector 15 is the “Golden Image” and factor metadata. The “Golden Image” is a factory
program image that includes network reprogramming so that Tmote may always return to a
known good state, even if loaded with a malfunctioning program image. When Tmote is
connected to the USB, the “Golden Image” may be changed. See the TinyOS Deluge
documentation in tinyos-1.x/docs of the TinyOS distribution included with Tmote.
b7 b0
SRWD 0 0 BP2 BP1 BP0 WEL WIP
Status Register
Write Protect
Block Protect Bits
Write Enable Latch Bit
Write In Progress Bit
Figure 15 : ST M25P80 Status Register contents (from ST).
Status Register Content Memory Content (Sectors)
BP2 Bit BP1 Bit BP0 Bit Protected Area Unprotected Area
0 0 0 None All sectors (0-15)
0 0 1 Upper sixteenth (15) Lower fifteen-sixteenths (0-14)
0 1 0 Upper eighth (14-15) Lower seven-eighths (0-13)
0 1 1 Upper quarter (12-15) Lower three-quarters (0-11)
1 0 0 Upper half (8-15) Lower half (0-7)
1 0 1 All sectors (0-15) None
1 1 0 All sectors (0-15) None
1 1 1 All sectors (0-15) None
Figure 16 : Write protection settings for the ST M25P80 flash.
Tmote sky modules are shipped with the gray setting (001).
NOTE: When programming data to write protected segments of external flash, do not
disconnect the module before the programming is completely. If the module is
disconnected from the USB, the write may be interrupted or the status register may not be
updated to reflect the new write protection settings.
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 19 of 27
Sensors
Humidity/Temperature Sensor
The optional humidity/temperature sensor is manufactured by Sensirion AG. The SHT11 and
SHT15 models may be directly mounted on the Tmote module in the U3 component position.
The SHT11/SHT15 sensors are calibrated and produce a digital output. The calibration
coefficients are stored in the sensor’s onboard EEPROM. The difference between the SHT11
and SHT15 model is that the SHT15 produces higher accuracy readings as shown in Figure 18.
The sensor is produced using a CMOS process and is coupled with a 14-bit A/D converter. The
low power relative humidity sensor is small in size and may be used for a variety of
environmental monitoring applications.
More information can be found in the SHT1x datasheet available at http://www.sensirion.com
Parameter MIN TYP MAX Units
Humidity
Resolution 0.5 0.03 0.03 %RH
8 12 12 Bit
Repeatability ±0.1 %RH
Range 0 100 %RH
Temperature
Resolution 0.04 0.01 0.01 oC
0.07 0.02 0.02 oF
12 14 14 bit
Repeatability ±0.1
oC
±0.2
oF
Range -40 123.8 oC
-40 254.9 oF
Figure 17 : Sensirion relative humidity and temperature performance specifications
%RH
Relative Humidity absolute accuracy
± 0
± 1
± 2
± 3
± 4
± 5
0 30 402010 8050 10070 9060
%RH
SHT15
SHT11
Temperature accuracy
0
°C
±1
°C
±2
°C
-40°C0°C40°C80°C120°C
±3
°C
0
°F
±1.8
°F
±3.6
°F
±5.4
°F
-40°F 32°F 104°F 176°F 248°F
SHT11
SHT15
Figure 18 : Accuracy of Sensirion relative humidity and temperature sensors (courtesy Sensirion)
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 20 of 27
Light Sensors
A variety of light sensors may be used with Tmote. Tmote sky has connections for two
photodiodes. Moteiv currently uses photodiodes from Hamamatsu Corporation
(http://www.hamamatsu.com)
If your mote is populated with light photodiodes, the default diodes are the S1087 for sensing
photosynthetically active radiation and the S1087-01 for sensing the entire visible spectrum
including infrared
Although these photodiodes from Hamamatsu have been tested with Tmote, any photodiode
with similar physical dimensions may be used with Tmote.
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.7
200 400 600 800 1000
WAVELENGTH (nm)
PHOTO SENSITIVITY (A/W)
(Typ. Ta=25oûC)
0.5
0.6
S1087
S1087-01
QE=100 %
Figure 19 : Photo Sensitivity of the Light sensors on Tmote (from Hamamatsu)
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 21 of 27
Expansion Connector
Tmote has two expansion connectors and a pair of onboard jumpers that may configured so that
additional devices (analog sensors, LCD displays, and digital peripherals) may be controlled by
the Tmote module. On the far side of the board from the USB connector is a 10-pin IDC header
at position U2 and a 6-pin IDC header at U28. The 10-pin connector has the same connections
as Tmote sky and is the primary connector. It provides digital input and output signals as well
as and analog inputs. Peripherals may be connected to the 10-pin connector using an IDC
header, an IDC ribbon cable, or by designing a printed circuit board that solders directly on to
the IDC header providing a robust connection to the module. An additional 6-pin (U28) header
provides access to the exclusive features of sky. Two additional ADC inputs are provided that
may be reconfigured by software to be two 12-bit DAC outputs. ADC7 may also act as the input
to the supply voltage supervisor. The user interface elements—the reset and user buttons—are
exported by the 6-pin header for use in external interfaces and packaging.
2
43
65
87
109
1
Analog VCC (AVcc)
Analog Input 0 (ADC0)
Analog Input 1 (ADC1)
Analog Input 2 (ADC2)
Exclusive Digital I/O 1 (GIO1)
Analog Ground (Gnd)
UART Receive (UART0RX)
UART Transmit (UART0TX)
I2C Clock (I2C_SCL)
Shared Digital I/O 4 (GIO4)
I2C Data (I2C_SDA)
Shared Digital I/O 5 (GIO5)
Exclusive Digital I/O 0 (GIO0)
Analog Input 3 (ADC3)
2
43
65
87
109
1
Analog VCC (AVcc)
Analog Input 0 (ADC0)
Analog Input 1 (ADC1)
Analog Input 2 (ADC2)
Exclusive Digital I/O 1 (GIO1)
Analog Ground (Gnd)
UART Receive (UART0RX)
UART Transmit (UART0TX)
I2C Clock (I2C_SCL)
Shared Digital I/O 4 (GIO4)
I2C Data (I2C_SDA)
Shared Digital I/O 5 (GIO5)
Exclusive Digital I/O 0 (GIO0)
Analog Input 3 (ADC3)
2
43
65
87
109
1
Analog VCC (AVcc)
Analog Input 0 (ADC0)
Analog Input 1 (ADC1)
Analog Input 2 (ADC2)
Exclusive Digital I/O 1 (GIO1)
Analog Ground (Gnd)
UART Receive (UART0RX)
UART Transmit (UART0TX)
I2C Clock (I2C_SCL)
Shared Digital I/O 4 (GIO4)
I2C Data (I2C_SDA)
Shared Digital I/O 5 (GIO5)
Exclusive Digital I/O 0 (GIO0)
Analog Input 3 (ADC3)
Figure 20 : Functionality of the 10-pin expansion connector (U2).
Alternative pin uses are shown in gray.
Figure 21 : Functionality of the 6-pin expansion connector (U28).
NOTE: The I2C pins are shared with the radio’s data input pin and the radio clock. Care
must be taken by application developers to multiplex operations on the I2C bus and the
radio.
Exclusive Digital I/O 2 (GIO2)
2
43
65
1
Exclusive Digital I/O 2 (GIO2)
Analog Input 7 (ADC7)
DAC 1 / SVS in
DAC0
Exclusive Digital I/O 3 (GIO3)
User Interrupt (UserInt) Reset
Timer A Capture (TA1) External DMA Trigger (DMAE0)
2
43
65
1
Analog Input 6 (ADC6) Analog Input 7 (ADC7)
DAC 1 / SVS in
Exclusive Digital I/O 3 (GIO3)
User Interrupt (UserInt) Reset
Timer A Capture (TA1) External DMA Trigger (DMAE0)
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 22 of 27
If expansion pin 10 (ADC3) is used for digital I/O instead of analog inputs, R14 must be
populated with a 0 ohm resistor to enable the pin for digital I/O (GIO0) on the microcontroller.
R16 must be populated with a 0 ohm resistor to enable GIO1. R14 and R16 are located on the
top side of Tmote between the USB controller and the radio.
The 6-pin IDC header also has an optional jumper, R15. By installing a 0 ohm resistor at R15,
GIO3 is directly connected to SVSout. By making GIO3 an input and using the SVS features of
the microcontroller, the SVSout function can be exported via pin 4 of U28.
A separate Supply Voltage Supervisor (SVS) 2-pin IDC header is provided underneath the USB
connector at position U7. The SVS header allows add-on boards to be built that connect to the
positive and negative battery terminals and the SVS pins in order to provide power the module
and use the microcontroller’s advanced SVS functionality for boost converters, solar systems,
and rechargeable systems. The SVS header is shown in Figure 22 and includes the SVSin and
SVSout pins from the microcontroller.
2
1
Analog Input 7 (ADC7)
DAC 1 / SVS in SVS out
2
1
Analog Input 7 (ADC7)
DAC 1 / SVS in SVS out
2
1
Analog Input 7 (ADC7)
DAC 1 / SVS in SVS out
Figure 22 : Functionality of the 2-pin Supply Voltage Supervisor connector (U7).
NOTE: When R14/R16 is populated (GIO0/GIO1 enabled), ADC3/ADC2 will not provide
reliable readings if an application reverts to using the ADC input instead of the digital I/O
port input on the microcontroller. R14/R16 should be removed when using ADC3/ADC2 for
analog input.
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 23 of 27
Internal Temperature and Voltage Monitoring
The MSP430 microcontroller has internal temperature and voltage sensors that may be used
through the microcontroller’s ADC interface.
The voltage port (input 11) on the 12-bit ADC monitors the output from a voltage divider.
11
C
DA
ccV
D
R
R
Voltage monitoring for Tmote modules.
Converting the ADC units to a voltage reading can be done with the following formula:
R
R2
V
4096
ADCCounts
DVcc ref ××=
The temperature input is a temperature diode connected to internal ADC port 10. When using
the temperature sensor, the sample period must be greater than 30 µs. The temperature sensor
offset error can be large, and may need to be calibrated for most applications. The typical
response of the temperature sensor is shown in Figure 23.
C els ius
Volts
050 100
1.000
0.800
0.900
1.100
1.200
1.300
–50
0.700
VTEMP=0.00355(TE MPC)+0.986
Figure 23 : Typical response of the internal temperature sensor. Results vary and the sensor
should be calibrated for most applications. Response curve from Texas Instruments.
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 24 of 27
Agency Certification
FCC Certification
The Tmote sky module complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules and regulations. Compliance with
the labeling requirements, FCC notices and antenna usage guidelines is required.
To fulfill FCC Certification requirements, the OEM must comply with the following regulations:
1. The system integrator must ensure that the text on the external label provided with this
device is placed on the outside of the final product [Figure 26].
2. The Tmote sky module may be used only with approved antennas that have been tested
with this module.
OEM Labeling requirement
Contains FCC ID: TOQTMOTESKY
The enclosed device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference and (2) this device must accept any
interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation
Figure 26: Required FCC label for OEM products containing the Tmote sky module.
FCC Notices
WARNING: The Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) must ensure that FCC labeling
requirements are met. This includes a clearly visible label on the outside of the final
product enclosure that displays the contents shown in the figure below.
IMPORTANT: The Tmote sky module has been certified by the FCC for use with other products
without any further certification (as per FCC section 2.1091). Changes or modifications not
expressly approved by Moteiv Corporation could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
IMPORTANT: OEMs must test final product to comply with unintentional radiators (FCC section
15.107 & 15.109) before declaring compliance of their final product to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
IMPORTANT: The RF module has been certified for remote and base radio applications. If the
module will be used for portable applications, the device must undergo SAR testing. This equipment
has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15
of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will
not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: Re-orient or
relocate the receiving antenna, Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver,
Connect equipment and receiver to outlets on different circuits, or Consult the dealer or an
experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 25 of 27
General Information
Document History
Revision Date Notes
1.0 2005/02/23 Initial Release
Product Status Definitions
Data Sheet Identification Product Status Definition
Advance Information Planned or under
development This data sheet contains the design specifications
for product development. Specifications may
change in any manner without notice.
Preliminary Engineering
samples or first
production
This data sheet contains preliminary data, and
supplementary data will be published at a later
date. Moteiv reserves the right to make changes at
any time without notice in order to improve design
and supply the best possible product.
No Identification Noted Full production This data sheet contains the final specifications.
Moteiv reserves the right to make changes at any
time without notice in order to improve design and
supply the best possible product.
Obsolete Not in production This data sheet contains specifications on a
product that has been discontinued by Moteiv. The
data sheet is printed for reference information only.
Moteiv no longer supports this product.
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 26 of 27
Disclaimer
Moteiv Corporation believes the information contained herein is correct and accurate at the time
of this printing. However, Moteiv Corporation reserves the right to make changes to this product
without notice. Moteiv Corporation does not assume any responsibility for the use of the
described product; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights, or the rights of
others. This product is not designed for use in life support devices or any other system where
malfunction can reasonably be expected to result in significant personal injury to the user. This
product is not designed for critical systems where failure of the product to perform affects safety
or effectiveness. Moteiv Corporation customers using or selling products for use in such
applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Moteiv Corporation for any
damages resulting from improper use or sale.
As far as possible, major changes of product specifications and functionality, will be stated in
product specific errata notes published at the Moteiv website. The latest updates are available
from the Moteiv website at www.moteiv.com or by contacting Moteiv directly.
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module
Moteiv Corporation Tmote sky : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (9/29/2005) Page 27 of 27
Address Information
Web site: http://www.moteiv.com
E-mail: info@moteiv.com
Technical Support E-mail: support@moteiv.com
Phone Number: +1.510.965.1312
Fax Number: +1.510.295.2411
Headquarters
Moteiv Corporation
7224 View Ave
El Cerrito, CA 94530
© 2004 Moteiv Corporation