Shyam Telecom R4-40-S8 SMR800 Band Outdoor Repeater R4-40-S8 User Manual User s manual for

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Manual

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RF / SBR Series

June 2007

RR44 ((BBaanndd SSeelleeccttiivvee)) RReeppeeaatteerr

R4-40-S8 for SMR800 Band Outdoor Application/FCC ID:S3CR4-40-S8

Proprietary Information

The information contained herein is proprietary to Shyam Telecom Limited.

Unauthorized access, copy and replication are prohibited. This document must not

be copied in whole or part by any means or it shall not be disclosed or divulged to

any third Party without the prior written consent of Shyam Telecom Limited.

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Contents

1. Document History.......................................................................................... 3

2. Disclaimer ...................................................................................................... 3

3. Safety Instructions and Warnings................................................................ 3

3.1. Personnel Safety ...............................................................................3

3.2. Equipment Safety ..............................................................................3

3.3. Electrostatic Sensitivity ......................................................................4

4. Introduction.................................................................................................... 5

4.1. Purpose ............................................................................................. 5

4.2. Scope................................................................................................. 5

4.3. Definitions ..........................................................................................5

4.4. References ........................................................................................6

4.5. General .............................................................................................. 6

5. Functional Description Of R4 Band Selective Repeater............................. 7

5.1. General Description ...........................................................................7

6. To Get started-Basic Software Control Of the Repeater .......................... 10

6.1. General ............................................................................................ 10

6.2. Terminal Set-up ............................................................................... 10

6.3. Block Diagram Description............................................................... 19

7. R4 Repeater Specifications ........................................................................ 22

7.1. Electrical Specifications-RF ............................................................. 22

7.2. Electrical Specification Power Requirement .................................... 22

7.3. External Electrical Interface ............................................................. 22

7.4. Mechanical Specification ................................................................. 22

7.5. Environmental Specification............................................................. 23

7.6. Contents of Delivery......................................................................... 23

8. Installation.................................................................................................... 24

8.1. Preparation Sheet- Pre Installation .................................................. 24

8.2. Engineering Consideration............................................................... 25

8.3. Installation Tools .............................................................................. 27

8.4. Installation Procedure ...................................................................... 27

8.5. Gain Setting ..................................................................................... 28

8.6. Commissioning System ................................................................... 29

8.7. Dos & Do Not Dos............................................................................ 29

8.8. Checklist – Post Installation ............................................................. 30

9. System Maintenance................................................................................... 31

9.1. General ............................................................................................ 31

9.2. Preventative Maintenance ............................................................... 31

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1. Document History

Document

Number Document

Name Document

date Author Edited

by Approved by Revision

As per

code

wizard

document

2 R4

Band

Selective

Repeater

June

2007

Revision Revised Section Date/Sign

2. Disclaimer

Every attempt has been made to make this material complete, accurate, and

up-to-date. Users are cautioned, however, that Shyam Telecom Limited

reserves the right to make changes without notice and shall not be

responsible for any damages including consequential, caused by reliance of

the contents presented, including, but not limited to, typographical,

arithmetical, or listing errors.

Product name(s) referenced in this document may be trademarks or

registered trademarks of their respective companies, and are hereby

acknowledged.

Guarantees

In areas with unstable power grids (mains) all repeaters must be installed

with a voltage regulator ensuring a constant voltage level at the repeater

power input. A maximum voltage deviation should remain within the input

range to the repeaters for warranty purposes.

All antennas must be installed with lighting protection. Damage to power

modules, as a result of lightning are not covered in the warranty.

3. Safety Instructions and Warnings

3.1. Personnel Safety

Before installing or replacing any equipment, the entire manual should be

read and understood. The user needs to supply the appropriate AC power to

the Repeater. Incorrect AC power settings can damage the repeater and

may cause injury to the user.

Throughout this manual, there are "Caution" warnings. "Caution" calls

attention to a procedure or practice, which, if ignored, may result in injury or

damage to the system or system component or even the user. Do not

perform any procedure preceded by a "Caution" until the described

conditions are fully understood and met.

3.2. Equipment Safety

When installing, replacing or using this product, observe all safety

precautions during handling and operation. Failure to comply with the

following general safety precautions and with specific precautions described

elsewhere in this manual violates the safety standards of the design,

manufacture, and intended use of this product. Shyam Telecom Limited

assumes no liability for the customer's failure to comply with these

precautions. This entire manual should be read and understood before

operating or maintaining the repeater system.

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CAUTION

Calls attention to a procedure or practice which, if not followed, may result

in personal injury, damage to the system or damage to individual

components. Do not perform any procedure preceded by a

CAUTION until described conditions are fully understood and met.

3.3. Electrostatic Sensitivity

CAUTION

ESD = ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE SENSITIVE DEVICE

Observe electrostatic precautionary procedures.

Semiconductor transmitters and receivers provide highly reliable

performance when operated in conformity with the intentions of their design.

However, a semiconductor may be damaged by an electrostatic charge

inadvertently imposed by careless handling.

Static electricity can be conducted to the semiconductor chip from the centre

pin of the RF input connector, and through the AC connector pins. When

unpacking and otherwise handling the Repeater, follow ESD precautionary

procedures including the use of grounded wrist straps, grounded workbench

surfaces, and grounded floor mats.

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WARNING! This equipment complies with FCC & IC radiation exposure limits

set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This transmitter must not be co-

located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.

The unit with server antenna must be installed to provide minimum 2.5 m

separation distance between the server antenna and the body of user or

near by person. The donor antenna used for this transmitter must be fixed-

mounted on outdoor permanent structures with a separation distance of at

least 2.5 meters from all persons during normal operation.

The RF electric performance of the repeater conforms to FCC requirement of

the inter modulation and spurious emission. It avoids interference problems.

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4. Introduction

4.1. Purpose

The purpose of this document is to describe the electrical and mechanical

specifications, operation and maintenance of the R4 Band Selective

Repeater.

4.2. Scope

This document is the product description of the Shyam R4 Band Selective

Repeater for outdoor application.

4.3. Definitions

AGC Automatic Gain Control

ALC Automatic Level Control

APC Automatic Power Control

BCCH Broadcast Control Channel

BTS Base Transceiver Station

BSEL Band Selective

CDMA Coded Division Multiple Access

CMC Configuration & Monitoring Console software

CMB Combiner Unit

CSEL Channel Selective

DCS Digital Communication System

DL Downlink signal (from base station via repeater to

mobile station)

EGSM Extended Global System for Mobile Communication

ETSI European Telecommunications Standard Institute

GSM Global System for Mobile communication

LAC Location Area Code of the BTS site

LED Light Emitting Diode

LNA Low Noise Amplifier

LO Local Oscillator

MS Mobile Station

MSC Mobile Switching Center

NMS Network Management System

PCN Personal Communication Network

PCS Personal Communication System

PSU Power Supply Unit

RF Radio Frequency

RMS Remote Management System

RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication

RTC Real Time Clock

UL (Uplink) Uplink signal direction (from mobile station via

repeater to base station)

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4.4. References

[1] ETS 300 086.

Radio Equipment and Systems Land mobile service Technical

characteristics and test conditions for radio equipment with an internal or

external RF connector intended primarily for analogue speech.

[2] ETS 300 609-4.

Digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2): Base Station

Systems (BSS) equipment specification: Part 4: Repeaters.

[3] ETS 300 342-3

Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Electro-Magnetic Compatibility

(EMC) for European Digital Cellular Telecommunications systems. Base

Station Radio and ancillary equipment and Repeaters meeting phase 2

GSM requirements.

4.5. General

Mobile Communications Systems are planned as cellular systems and each

cell of the base station is required to provide RF coverage over a certain

geographical area as per defined RF power levels. Due to the RF

propagation properties, even using high radiated RF powers or complicated

antenna systems, there are zones within the coverage area where the RF

signal strength from base station remains inadequate for establishing the

desired connectivity to mobile users.

Repeaters traditionally are inducted in the Mobile Communication network to

fill in the “Dead Zones” caused by blocking of signals by geographic

topologies such as mountains, valleys, dense foliage, high rising urban

landscapes and other man-made structures. The distance from the base

station also adversely affects the RF signal strength. The user views

repeaters as a means to extend base station coverage so as to reduce the

number of base stations and thereby accelerate network availability.

Repeater systems are installed after meticulous planning between BTSs and

the mobile users to provide RF coverage in the shadowed regions. Repeater

systems are available for different applications and ultimate choice shall

depend on some of the factors mentioned below:

• Area to be provided with coverage.

• Indoor/outdoor coverage.

• Availability of BTSs in the vicinity.

• Antenna isolation to be achieved.

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5. Functional Description Of R4 Band Selective Repeater

5.1. General Description

The R4 Band Selective Repeater System is designed to provide outdoor

coverage and can handle signals up to two sub bands in any one of the

service bands, used around the World by various service operators. It

provides highly selective amplification in the pre-set band. The details of

operating service frequency bands are given below:

S.NO. Service Band DL Frequency (MHz) UL Frequency (MHz)

1. SMR 851-869 806-824

2. Cellular 869-894 824-849

3. iDEN 935-941 896-902

4. EGSM 925-960 880-915

5. GSM 900 935-960 890-915

6. DCS 1805-1880 1710-1785

7. PCS 1930-1990 1850-1910

8. UMTS 2110-2170 1920-1980

[The Customer is advised to refer to the packing note giving the details of

frequency band set & the bandwidths of different sub bands equipped in the

repeater: ony SMR80 Band is subject to this FCC application w/ FCC ID:S3CR4-40-S8]

• The repeater adopts duplex mode and bi-directional amplification for

U/L & D/L signals between the base station and mobile users. It has

been designed for outdoor applications to meet the requirements of

large number of users in the targeted area.

• It conforms to ETSI standards & safety requirements.

• The system can be incorporated with optional Remote Management

System (RMS). It enables status monitoring, remote configuration &

speedy maintenance.

• The system can be customized to meet the requirement of user for

coverage by making provision for radiating required RF power in the

DL/UL paths to achieve the coverage. The System is incorporated

with monitoring facility through USB port with easy GUI interface.

• It intercepts signals from the BTS through a DONOR antenna (highly

directional outdoor antenna) and distributes the signals to mobile

users after amplification through SERVER antennas (omni

directional) system in the D/L.

• In the U/L, the signals from the mobile users are picked up by

SERVER antenna and retransmitted to the BTS after processing &

amplification in the repeater.

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The repeater consists of the following modules/units:

• LNA

• Converter modules

• Power amplifiers

• Power supply modules

• Duplexer filters for transmit/receive directions

• Supervisory module

• A metallic case houses the repeater. Arrangement is made for heat

dissipation especially for amplifiers, which generate more heat. The

choice of suitable metal as the case material gives a lightweight

design with good heat conduction and waterproof protection. The

housing conforms to IP65 standards.

Figure 1: Outdoor Application in Urban Area

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Figure 2: Outdoor Application in Rural Area

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6. To Get started-Basic Software Control Of the Repeater

6.1. General

The repeater is equipped with a supervisory module that allows the

monitoring and control of various parameters such as RF power, attenuation,

temperature, status of door and alarm conditions etc.

The communication interface between the local terminal and the control

module can be set up using the Configuration & Monitoring Console software

(CMC), which is an easy to use GUI for simple control and monitoring. This

way, the parameters can be easily observed and adjusted from the display

terminal.

This can be performed either via a terminal (PC/laptop) locally, or via remote

port is provisioned in the equipment for connecting PC/laptop.

6.2. Terminal Set-up

The repeater system is delivered with software loaded in order to perform

configuration as per requirement. It also enables monitoring the status.

Configuration of parameters can be carried out locally with the help of laptop

/ PC connected to the repeater by means of local USB serial interface or

remotely via wireless modem (Optional) mounted inside the repeater. The

laptop/PC should be loaded with the CMC software available on the supplied

CD along with the USB driver.

I) LOGIN-Repeater

After running the repeater Configuration & Monitoring Console (CMC),

user needs to login the repeater, sequence as under, may be followed:

• Click the “LOGIN” on the command bar.

• Select the user type (ADMINSTRATOR or SUPERVISOR).

• Enter the password.

• Finally click the “OK”.

A message “Logged in successfully” will appear on the screen after

successful login. There are two types of users viz. ADMINISTRATOR and

SUPERVISOR. If user logged in as an ADMINISTRATOR, all the

functions can be performed through the CMC. By default, the password

for both users is “SHYAM”. SUPERVISOR is allowed to perform

monitoring of the status & alarms but no change in configuration is

permitted. However, the SUPERVISOR can change password if so

desired.

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Figure 3: Login Repeater

II) CONFIGURATION (Figure 4)

Configuring repeater means setting the repeater parameters for operation

as per the requirement at site. The configuration is carried out after the

physical installation is completed.

Click on the command bar to display the configuration and monitoring

window, which allows access to all the configurable repeater parameters.

User can login for configuration & monitoring of repeater parameters.

• START command is for initiating the dialogue.

• SET command is for updating the repeater parameters.

Information as detailed below, is configured after the “CONFIGURATION”

window is activated:

i. Repeater ID: User can assign a unique repeater ID to each repeater

installed. Up to 10 characters are allowed in this field.

ii. Repeater Location: User can assign the address of location where

repeater is installed. Up to 30 characters are allowed in this field.

iii. Sub Bands (UL/DL Frequency Bands): The frequency bandwidths

with frequency details, of the loaded sub bands in UL & DL paths are

specified.

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iv. Output Power: Maximum Output Power limits in UL & DL paths are

set. A “PA Power high” alarm will be generated when PA power

exceeds the upper limit.

Figure 4: Configuration Window

v. RSSI Alarm: Lower and Upper RSSI Limits in DL are set in the

factory. A RSSI High alarm will be generated when RSSI exceeds the

set upper limit, and a RSSI Low alarm will be generated when RSSI

goes below the set lower limit. Upper range can be set from -35 to -

55dBm. Lower range can be set from -75 to -95dBm

vi. PA On/Off: User can set uplink and/or downlink PA as ON or OFF

independently for testing/maintenance purpose at the time of

installation for both the bands.

After completing the installation it must be in ON condition only.

vii. Attenuation: This field is specified with the attenuation inserted in the

system, both in the DL & UL directions to set the desired RF power.

viii. Save Parameters as Text File:

 SAVE: Configured parameters can be saved as text file by

clicking at SAVE for later reference.

ix. Open Text File:

 OPEN: Saved configured text file can be opened and

displayed on the configuration window by clicking at

OPEN.

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Figure 5: Monitoring Window

III) MONITORING (Figure 5)

In this window, the status of the system is monitored for the following

parameters/conditions:

STATUS

S.NO. Parameters/Conditions Remarks

1. Start and Stop Frequency of

sub bands, equipped.

The specified frequency bands in

DL & UL are displayed.

2. RSSI (DL) for the Band

Prevailing DL signal level is

indicated.

3. RSSI (UL) for the Band

Prevailing UL signal level is

indicated.

4. Attenuation DL

Indicates attenuation inserted in

the system in DL path.

5. Attenuation UL

Indicates attenuation inserted in

the system in UL path.

6. Output Power DL RF output power in DL path is

displayed.

7. Output Power UL RF output power in UL path is

displayed.

8. PA Temperature DL

Prevailing temperature of PA in

DL path.

9. PA Temperature UL

Prevailing temperature of PA in

UL path.

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10. APC (DL) The APC action in the DL path is

indicated.

11. APC (UL) The APC action in the UL path is

indicated.

12. System Temperature Prevailing system temperature is

indicated.

13. Power supply Values of derived voltages are

displayed,

14. Converters ON/OFF It indicates the relevant

information about equipped

converters.

IV) ALARMS (Figure 5)

Details of alarms displayed are given below:

S.NO. Alarm Indication Remarks

1. PA OFF (Manual) Indicates the PA OFF (Manual)

condition in the DL &/or UL paths.

2. PA OFF (Auto) Indicates the PA OFF (Auto) condition

in the DL &/or UL paths.

3. PA Power Low DL When PA Power in DL path goes

below the set limit, is indicated

through the red LED.

4. PA Power High DL When PA Power in DL path exceeds

the upper limit, is indicated through

the red LED.

5. DL PA Temperature High When PA Temperature in DL path

exceeds limit.

6. UL PA Temperature High When PA Temperature in UL path

exceeds limit.

7. LNA Alarm Indicates the failure of LNA in DL/UL

paths.

8. VSWR Alarm Indicates the mismatch condition at

the DL/UL RF ports resulting in

exceeding the VSWR limits.

9. Synthesizer fail for the

sub bands equipped. Indicates the failure of relevant

synthesizer in DL/UL directions.

10. RSSI low (DL) Indicates the exceeding lower limit of

RSSI in the DL direction.

11. RSSI high (DL) Indicates the exceeding upper limit of

RSSI in the DL direction.

12. AC fail Indicates the failure of AC mains to

the system.

13. DC fail Indicates the failure of DC derived

voltages in the system.

14. System Temperature Indicates the rise in temperature of

the system.

15. Door Open Indicates the opening of the door of

the repeater.

Monitoring interval is 3 seconds i.e. after every 3 seconds data on the

monitoring window is refreshed.

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a. LOCAL CONNECTION

In this type of connection, user computer COM Port and repeater’s

USB port are connected directly using cable. Sequence is as under:

• Click the “COMM.” on the command bar to display the

COMMUNICATION window.

• Select the Connection Type as “LOCAL”

• Select the computer’s Comm. Port where the repeater is

connected.

• Click “OK”.

b. REMOTE CONNECTION

In this type of connection, User communicates from/to remote location

with the repeater using wireless Modem / Cell phone.

To connect:

• Click the “COMM.” on the command bar to display the

COMMUNICATION window.

• Select the Connection Type as “REMOTE”.

• Select the computer’s Comm. Port where the wireless Modem

is connected.

• Click “OK”.

• Now click the DIALUP on the command bar to display the

DIALUP window.

• Enter / Select the repeater phone number.

• Click the “DIAL” and wait (maximum 60 seconds) for

connection.

A message “CONNECTED” will appear on the screen after the GSM

Connection is established.

Click the “DISCONNECT” on the DIALUP window to

disconnect remote communication with the repeater.

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Figure 7: Communication Window

VI) Instant Alarms by SMS (Figure 8)

The provision exists in the system for getting the alarm information

through “Instant Alarms by SMS” which is carried out by Wireless

Modem. Following information is desired to be fed for enabling this

facility:

• SMS Service Center Number

• RMS Phone Number

• Maintenance Phone Number

VII) Security Settings (Figure 9)

The system has two levels of permitting Log in to the repeater to avoid

unauthorized operation. The levels are: ADMINISTRATOR &

SUPERVISOR.

Each level has a specific password. The password for each level can be

changed at intervals. ADMINISTRATOR has rights to perform all

functions Viz. Configuration, Monitoring etc. Whereas the SUPERVISOR

is allowed to perform limited functions like monitoring of alarms,

establishing communication etc.

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Figure 8: Instant Alarms by SMS

Figure 9: Security Settings

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a. DONOR Antenna

Donor antenna of appropriate bandwidth & gain interfaces the BTS on

one side and repeater system on other side through RF cable.

Figure 11: Donor Antenna (Patch Panel)

It intercepts signals from the base station and switch electromagnetic

waves into RF signals in the DL and vice versa in the UL. The antenna

with more than 10-12 dB gain transfers intercepted signals to the

repeater and transmits uplink signals amplified by the repeater.

b. Duplexer

The main function of duplexer is to isolate the uplink frequency from the

downlink frequency, i.e. isolate transmit path from receive path. Two

duplexer units are provided in the repeater, one in the Donor antenna

side and other in the server antenna side. Each duplexer

transfers/receives signals from respective antenna for further connectivity

to low noise amplifier. The bandwidth of the duplex filter depends on the

operator’s frequency band (18MHz, 15MHz, 10MHz, 9MHz, or full

Band etc.).

c. Low Noise Amplifier (LNA)

This module is provided after duplexer before the converter. The LNA

provides compensation for the losses suffered by the stream of weak

signals as it passes through splitter/combiner & duplexer (passive

devices). Two LNAs are provided, one each in the UL & DL directions.

d. Converter Module

The basic block of converter module comprises of L.O. frequency mixer,

filter and intermediate amplifier. The low noise amplified signals are

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converted to IF in frequency mixer with frequency fed from LO. The

signals are passed through sharply tuned filters. Number of converters

equipped, shall depend on the number of sub bands provisioned in the

system. In case two sub bands are equipped, total number of converters

shall be four i.e. two in the DL & two in the UL.

e. Power Amplifier

It is the core module of repeater. It includes driver stage and final stage. It

is installed directly on the heat sink of the repeater. Driver stage and final

stage of power amplifier are in the same unit. Two power amplifiers with

specific frequency bandwidths & gain are provided, one each in the UL &

DL directions.

f. Controller Module (Supervisory)

The man-machine communication between the cellular operator and the

repeater is established through this module. One of the two options as

given below can be used for achieving this objective:

• USB interface

• Wireless modem (Optional)

Remote controlling function of repeater can be achieved by inserting

Wireless modem. This arrangement also enables status of repeaters at

different locations to be monitored.

g. POWER SUPPLY

The power supply unit incorporated in the repeater is of high efficiency

and reliability. Different DC voltages required for the operation of

electronic circuitries are derived in this unit. The standard input voltage is

100 to 240 V AC, 47 Hz to 63 Hz. When the power supply varies in this

range and the frequency in 47 to 63Hz, its output DC derived voltages

remain constant within 1% of nominal value.

h. SERVER Antenna

Server antenna transmits signals from the repeater station to mobile

users and transport received uplink signals from the mobile users to the

base station. Based on the coverage area, a set of select panel antenna

having 60°, 65°, 90° or 120° vertical polarizations with N type connecters

are installed at spots as per the coverage area requirements.

Figure 10: Server Antenna

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7. R4 Repeater Specifications

7.1. Electrical Specifications-RF

S.NO. Parameter Specified limits/Remarks

1. Frequency band in DL

path. 851 to 869 MHz

2. Frequency band in UL

path. 806 to 824 MHz

3. Number of RF Sub

bands Equipped with One sub band with full band

width

4. RF composite power +40dBm

5. Spurious Emission ≤ 36 dBm from 9 KHz to 1 GHz

≤ -30 dBm from 1 GHz to 12.75 GHz

6. Automatic Power

Control 25 dB

7. Repeater Gain 95 dB

8. Attenuation range for

gain adjustment in DL &

31 dB in 1 dB step (Software control)

9. Gain flatness over band ±2 dB

10. Gain variation with

temperature ± 1.5 dB

11. Total delay in the signal

path/direction 5.5 microseconds max.

12. Noise figure 5 dB Max.

13. Impedance 50 Ohms

14. Return loss 14 dB

15. RMS interface Wireless modem (optional), USB port

7.2. Electrical Specification Power Requirement

Parameters Specified/Limits

Input AC Voltage Range 100-240 V, 47/63 Hz

Power Consumption

+40dBm RF output Power

300 watts

7.3. External Electrical Interface

Parameters Specification

RF port UL N-type (F)

RF port DL N-type (F)

7.4. Mechanical Specification

Dimensions (w x h x d) 850x515x240 mm(33x20x9 inches)

Weight 42 Kg. (92 lbs.)

Housing Outdoor application

Grounding Connection Bolt

Housing Color Grey

Cooling Convection

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7.5. Environmental Specification

Conditions Specification

Operating Temperature -35oC to +550C (-310F to +1310F)

Storage Temperature -300C to +750C (-220F to +1670F)

Enclosure IP-65

7.6. Contents of Delivery

ITEMS QUANTITY

Repeater R4 1

PC interface cable for USB port 1

Power cable 3 pin – 3 meter length 1

Operation & Installation manual 1

CD containing the application software 1

Wireless Modem (Optional) 1

Mounting Clamps with Nuts-bolts 1 set

Repeater Door Key 1 set

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8. Installation

8.1. Preparation Sheet- Pre Installation

1. General

Application: Outdoor

Service Band: Frequency Band DL- 851 to 869 MHz

Frequency Band UL- 806 to 824 MHz

Number Of Sub Bands: One with full band width

2. Technical requirements

S.NO. Requirement Remarks

1. RF Power available at site where donor

antenna is to be installed

2. Estimated cable loss from donor antenna

to the repeater unit

3. Estimated DL RF power to the input to the

repeater

4. Desired RF Power in DL

5. Proposed gain settings in DL path

7. Attenuator to be inserted in DL path

8. Estimated cable loss from repeater unit to

server antenna port

9. ERP at server antenna

10. Desired RF Power in UL

11. Proposed gain settings in UL path

12. Attenuator to be inserted in UL path

3. Proposed site Address:---------------------------

4. User’s Address & other particulars:---------------------------------

Date: Prepared by:-------------

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8.2. Engineering Consideration

a. Site Selection

Site selection is one of the most critical decisions affecting the overall

performance of the system. A repeater must be located where it can

receive the maximum signal from the donor site in order to maximize the

repeater’s output and performance, a signal strength greater than or equal

to -75dBm is desired.

Examples of repeater (and accompanying antenna) locations include (but

are not limited to): the roof of a building adjacent to the affected area, with

the antennas mounted to the penthouse or building sides; the top of the hill

that is obstructing the donor site’s coverage, with the antennas mounted

on poles at ground level; a water tower with antennas mounted at the top;

an existing utility pole with equipment and antennas mounted below any

existing power lines; a newly installed pole or tower.

Distance from both the donor site as well as from the new area to be

covered must be taken into consideration. The repeater unit should be

located close to the donor site to receive maximum signal strength and at

the same time is located in the vicinity of area where coverage is desired.

In addition, the donor antenna associated should have line of sight with

BTS site to reduce the effects of fading.

Another important issue when choosing a repeater location is the

availability of commercial power. If commercial power is unavailable, solar

power may be an option. Sites where repeater unit is installed should be

easily accessible for the maintenance team.

b. Antenna Selection and Placement

Proper selection of the repeater’s donor and server antennas is crucial in

designing the repeater system. Good antenna characteristics help to

provide proper isolation between the server (coverage) and donor

antennas, which helps to prevent feedback. An isolation of at least 15dB

more than the gain setting of the repeater is required. If the isolation is less

than the repeater gain, oscillation will occur.

Specific ways to achieve proper isolation include: using high gain,

directional antennas with good Front to Back ratios (25dB or better);

physical separation of the repeater’s donor and server antennas; and

external shielding between antennas. A high gain antenna will help

minimize overall path loss to achieve the desired output power. Donor

antenna gains are typically 10 to 12 dB, while server antennas are often 7

to 10 dB.

The coverage antenna normally has a horizontal beam width of 60 to 120

degrees. The donor antenna should have a horizontal and vertical beam

width of less than 30 degrees so as to correctly select the donor base

station instead of other nearby base stations.

• The antennas should have proper frequency band of operation.

• Adequate separation is to be ensured from the power lines to

avoid damage to the equipment and humans.

• Antenna with proper characteristics to maintain adequate

isolation to avoid oscillations. Normally, isolation should be 15 dB

more than the gain set for the repeater. It should have good front

to back ratio.

• The beam width for the DONOR antenna should be as small as

possible.

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• The beam width for SERVER antenna is 60 degree to 120

degree.

• There should be adequate vertical & horizontal separation

between the DONOR & SERVER antennas to avoid interference

and noise. Separation can be determined by the mathematical

formulas:

Vertical Separation:

Isolation (dB) = 28 + 40 log (D/ʎ in m)

Horizontal Separation:

Isolation (dB) = 22 + 20 log (D/ʎ in m) – (Gain of donor antenna

+ gain of server antenna)

D-Distance between donor & server antennas in m

ʎ- wavelength in m

The following table is an approximate guide to antenna

separation.

The use of highly directional antennas with good front to back

ratios can help to reduce isolation requirements.

VERTICAL ANTENNA

SEPARATION HORIZONTAL ANTENNA

SEPARATION

Separation (m.) Isolation (dB) Separation (m.) Isolation (dB)

5 75.0 5 45.5

10 87.1 10 51.7

20 99.1 50 65.5

30 106.2 100 71.5

40 111.2 150 75.1

50 115.0 250 77.6

Vertical and Horizontal Antenna Separation @ 900 MHz

The antenna separation table demonstrates that vertical separation yields

better results than horizontal separation. However, when desired isolation

cannot be met due to insufficient separation, external shielding can help; for

example, mounting the antennas on either side of a rooftop penthouse or

using some type of grounded metal screen or wire mesh (so called chicken

wire) between antennas.

The following example illustrates the various signal levels and antenna

gains needed to form a properly functioning repeater system.

Received Signal Level -72 dBm

Donor Antenna gain 16 dBi

Cable loss (100 ft. of 7/8 inch) 2 dB

Input to Repeater -62 dBm

Gain of Repeater set 95 dB

Output of Repeater +33 dBm

Cable loss (100 ft. of 7/8 inch) 2 dB

Server Antenna Gain 16 dBi

Repeater ERP +41 dBm

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c) Overlapping Coverage

Ideally, the repeater system will be engineered with minimal overlapping

coverage between the donor base station and the repeater. However, the

mobile users will occasionally receive signals from both the donor and the

repeater at similar levels. This situation is comparable to a mobile

receiving multiple signals at varying times due to multi-path propagation.

The R4 repeater contributes a maximum signal delay of 5.5 microseconds

in each direction.

d) Call Processing

The mobile communication system perceives calls handled by the repeater

as actually being handled by the donor site (BTS); the repeater is just an

extension of the base station’s coverage. Therefore, the donor handles call

initiation, power control messages, hand-over requests, etc., for mobiles in

the repeater area. When the base station assigns a channel to the mobile,

that channel is sent through the repeater and then reradiated under the

same frequency. Since the repeater is technically part of the base station,

no hand-over takes place when a mobile moves from the repeater’s

coverage area to that of the base station. When the mobile moves from

the repeater’s area to a neighboring site, the base station handles the

hand-off in the same way as for a mobile in the base station area.

8.3. Installation Tools

You will need the following basic tools for installation:

a. Standard wrenches/screwdrivers/cable stripper/cable cutter/pliers set

for installing the R4 repeater Unit and antennas. (Refer to the

manufacturer’s recommendations for installing the antennas).

b. RF coaxial cable connection tools for installing connectors.

c. Multi-meter.

d. Mobile handset loaded (e.g. Nokia) with Net engineering software to

be used for signal level measurement.

e. Magnetic compass for measuring the azimuth of the BTS and

repeater site.

f. Magnetic compass for measuring the azimuth of the BTS and

repeater site.

8.4. Installation Procedure

The R-4 repeater has been designed for outdoor applications. The repeater

unit shall be mounted vertically to a mast, which means the RF connectors

will be at the bottom side.

In case of wall mounting, minimum physical separation between the repeater

housing & the wall should be 50 mm.

Furthermore, the repeater shall be mounted in a way so that there is free

access to the individual units, while the door of the repeater is open.

Therefore, enough clearance has to be provided for access.

The repeater is mounted at the pre-selected site firmly placed with clamps

and other mechanical accessories. Following connections as detailed below

are carried out:

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• RF cable routed from DONOR antenna is connected at the BTS port

as indicated.

• RF cable routed to SERVER antenna is connected at TX/RX port for

signal distribution.

• For energizing the system, the cable from AC mains is connected at

AC mains port, range 100-240 V.

• USB port is provided for carrying out configuration and monitoring.

Important: Grounding of the unit has to be ensured before extending the

power to the repeater system.

Following points need considerations for laying of RF cable:

1. RF coaxial cable installation must comply with local or National Electrical

Codes. The cable shall have nominal 50-Ohm impedance. Pull and

route the RF coaxial cables as per the site installation plan.

2. Fix the supplied connectors to the RF coaxial cable and verify the

following:

• The center conductor to outer shield of RF coaxial cable indicates

an “Open Circuit” condition.

• Check for any short circuit between center conductor and outer

shield.

• Place short between the center conductor and outer shield using a

piece of wire temporarily and check the other end of conductor for

any break in the RF cable.

8.5. Gain Setting

The repeater gain setting is a vital parameter since it ultimately decides

the area required to be provided with RF coverage. The noise contribution

has to be minimum while setting the gain hence it should be set with utmost

care. The variation in gain up to 31 dB in steps 1 dB is possible to be

achieved with the help of attenuator provided in the system. The gain

setting for Uplink and Downlink path is independent of each other.

For example, If repeater has a maximum gain of 95 dB and the required

repeater gain is 60 dB, the attenuation of 30 dB is required to be

incorporated by inserting attenuator of this value.

Note: Repeater gain should be at least 15 dB less than the antenna

isolation.

Signals intercepted by DONOR antenna from BTS and transmitted to the

repeater are termed as Downlink/Forward signals and the signals

originated by mobile users and intercepted by SERVER antenna for

application to repeater are termed as Uplink/Reverse signals.

a. Forward Gain Setting

The process of setting the forward gain is very simple. Forward signal

level strength can be measured using NET engineering software in any

NOKIA handset e.g. NOKIA 6210 or any other engineering mobile

handset.

Alternatively, RF output power of repeater can be measured using the

visual indication shown on the display panel of the repeater.

Once the RF output power has been determined, the attenuation will

have to be modified to reach the desired output signal level.

The gain of repeater is set using software control through local USB

serial port or optional wireless modem

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b. Reverse Gain Setting

For reverse gain setting, a 31 dB variable attenuator is provided; the

required value can be inserted for the desired gain. The gain is set to

such a value so as to cause minimum interference at the base station

but high enough to ensure a strong signal.

8.6. Commissioning System

Note:-Repeater should not be connected to Power without termination

of the antenna connection. The termination can be performed either

by the antenna connection as well as a dummy load or the 50

terminated connection of a measuring instrument (Power Meter,

Spectrum analyzer with appropriate PAD)

After setting the gain, verify the parameters:

1. DL RF power radiated in the set frequency band.

2. Received RF power in the DL.

3. UL RF power radiated in the set frequency band.

4. Received RF power in the UL.

5. Record the value of attenuation introduced for setting the gain.

8.7. Dos & Do Don’t Dos

1. The site should be accessible for the maintenance team.

2. Arrangement is to be made to avoid unauthorized access to the

repeater.

3. Proper earthing of the repeater is required to be done to avoid damage

to the system.

4. The repeater is designed for outdoor applications, the housing must be

waterproof and should be secured & locked.

5. Stable power supply for repeater unit should be ensured.

6. The route of Cables to/from antennas should be short to limit the cable

losses and should be free from sharp bends & kinks.

7. Local standard of cabling should be followed.

8. The donor antenna should have proper line of sight with the BTS from

where the signals are to be intercepted for maximum signal strength and

to reduce the effect of fading.

9. The selection of BTS should be made taking other BTSs in the same

vicinity in to consideration to avoid interference.

10. Gain of the repeater should be set after taking antenna isolation in to

consideration.

11. The estimation of coverage area should be confirmed.

12. The system should be made over for normal traffic after actual

measurement of:

a) RF power in the DL

b) RF power in the UL

c) Antenna Isolation

d) Gain settings in DL & UL

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13. Feedback regarding performance of the system must be obtained from

the user.

8.8. Checklist – Post Installation

Before the system is made over for traffic, points as indicated in the checklist

may be verified for trouble free performance.

Installation & Repeater Set Up

Service Band:

Frequency Band (DL): 851 to 869 MHz

Frequency Band (UL): 806 to 824 MHz

A. Repeater Installation

S.NO. Point(s) To be Verified Remarks

1. Ensure isolation between server and donor

antennas, it has to be 15 dB + Gain set of the

repeater.

2. Actual isolation measured

3. Ensure proper grounding of the unit

4. Cable from donor antenna connected to donor

antenna port

5. Cable from server antenna connected to the

relevant port in the unit

6. Mains cable connected to the repeater unit

7. Cable protection ensured and outdoor

connections are waterproof

B. Repeater Set Up

S.NO. Point(s) To be Verified Remarks

1. Number of sub bands equipped

2. Sub band(s)- Bandwidth set

3. Repeater switched ON

4. Any error (alarms) observed

5. Gain set

6. Power level in DL

7. Attenuation in DL

8. Power level in UL

9. Attenuation in UL

10. Observation on CMC software & GUI

11. Repeater Secured & locked

Any Other Remark/Comment:

Date Of Installation:------------------------ Repeater ID:-------------------------------

Site Address:--------------------------------------------------------------

Name of the Installer:-----------------------------------------------------

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9. System Maintenance

9.1. General

The system normally operates without any operator intervention or

maintenance. If, in the unlikely event of a unit failure, the field replaceable

units (antenna unit, cables) should be checked for faults and the system

restored. A failed unit can be removed and replaced with a spare while the

rest of the system (other repeaters) is still operating. Soldering or local

repair of the modules should be avoided from better maintenance point of

view. Faulty module/unit should be replaced with genuine spares only .

However, the power supply of the failed repeater should be isolated from

AC mains and DC power before any module is replaced. In the event of a

system malfunction, the status of the antenna systems should be checked

as well as the continuity of the cabling before replacing any modules within

the repeater.

9.2. Preventative Maintenance

The R4 repeater does not require any preventative maintenance.

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For Technical Support, please contact at any of the following addresses:

For Americas

Shyam Telecom Inc.

6, KILMER ROAD, SUIT D,

EDISON, New Jersy-08817 (USA)

Email: info@shyamtelecom.com

For Europe

Shyam Telecom GmbH.

Frohsinnstrasse 16, 63739 Aschaffenburg, Germany

Tel: + 49-6021-45901-0 Fax: + 49-6021-45901-29

Email: service@shyamtelecom.com

For ASEAN & Others

Shyam Telecom Ltd.

246, Phase IV, UDYOG VIHAR,

GURGAON – 122015 (INDIA)

Tel: +91-124-4311600 FAX: +91-124-4018117

Email: repeater@shyamtelecom.com

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Shyam Telecom Inc. SMR800 Band Outdoor Repeater R4-40-S8 User s manual for

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