Solectek 24WAN5 Wireless LAN Bridge User Manual SkyWay Wireless Bridge Router User s Guide

Solectek Corporation Wireless LAN Bridge SkyWay Wireless Bridge Router User s Guide

Soletek Skyway Final User Guide

iwww.solectek.comSOLECTEK CORPORATION6370 Nancy Ridge Dr.Suite 109San Diego, CA 92121858-450-1220fax 858-457-2681
iiÓ Copyright Solectek Corporation 2000All rights reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior written per-mission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws.Revision number 1.01First edition, March 2000Printed in USAThe information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.Solectek Corporation makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties or merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.Solectek Corporation shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damage in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
iRegulatory InformationThe SkyWay Series Wireless Bridge/Router operates in the 2.4 GHz band, complies with the IEEE 802.1D MAC bridging standard and supports SNMP monitoring if IP routing is enabled.Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Radio Frequency Interference StatementThis device complies with Part 15 of FCC Rules. Operation of this device is subject to the following two conditions:• It may not cause harmful interference.• It must accept any interference that may cause undesired operation.Information to the UserIn order to comply with FCC RF exposure requirements, a minimum separation dis-tance of 27 in. must be maintainted between the antenna and any persons. When installing the antenna, ensure that this clearance is maintained while the product is in operation.This device must be installed and used in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. However, there is no guarantee that interference to radio communica-tions will not occur in a particular commercial installation. In case the device does cause harmful interference with an authorized radio service, the user/operator shall promptly stop operating the device until harmful interference has been limited. Solectek Corpo-ration is not responsible for any radio or television interference caused by unautho-rized modification of this device or the substitution or attachment of connecting cables and equipment other than specified by Solectek Corporation. The correction of inter-ference caused by such unauthorized modification, substitution, or attachment will be the responsibility of the user.
iiSteps forminimizing oreliminating radioand televisioninterference:• Change the channel• Reorient the radio or TV receiving antenna.• Relocate the computer and SkyWay Series Wireless Bridge/Router unit with respect to the receiver.• Plug the computer and SkyWay Series Wireless Bridge/Router into a different outlet so the computer and bridge/router are on different branch circuits.If necessary, consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for additional suggestions. You may find the booklet called "How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems" prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful. The booklet is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402, as stock number 004-000-00345-4.This product was FCC certified under test conditions that included the use of shielded I/O cables and connectors between system components. To be in compliance with FCC regulations, the user must use shielded cables and connectors and install them properly.Radio Transmission NoticeThis product is a low power (less than 1 Watt), direct-sequence, spread-spectrum radio system pre-set to transmit and receive signals in the 2.4-2.4835 GHz frequency band. This product has been certified by the U.S. Federal Communications Commis-sion for use in the United States of America in that band. The manufacturer makes no representation as to the availability of the above-mentioned frequency band for such use in other countries.Any prospective user of this product outside the United States of America should, prior to such use, contact the government department or other agency responsible for assigning radio frequencies in the country in which use is proposed to determine whether such department or agency has any objection to operation of the product in the 2.4-2.4835 GHz band, and whether there are any other local devices generating signals in that band which might be expected to interfere with the operation of this product.The manufacturer shall not be responsible for any operation of this product which is in violation of local law, creates interference harmful to other local devices, or results in a malfunction of this product caused by outside interference.End User License AgreementNotice: Read below before installing and using this device. Installing and using this device indicates your acceptance of these terms and conditions. If you do not accept the terms, you must return the unused device and all related software immediately.You may not use, copy, modify, or transfer the enclosed device, related documenta-tion, or any software programs residing in or included with the device (collectively, the "product"), except as expressly provided in this license.
Regulatory Information:iiiLicense. The technology and intellectual property embodied in the Product (the "Technology") are licensed, not sold, to you. You have a nonexclusive and nontransfer-able right only to connect the Product to and to use the Technology with a single license control utility. You may not modify or make inoperable authorization keys or license control utilities. You may not transfer, sublicense or assign a license to the Prod-uct or the Technology to another party except in accordance with Solectek's Product License Transfer Policy in effect at the time of such license grant. You understand that the Technology belongs to Solectek or its third party licensors (col-lectively, "Solectek"), and they have the right to enforce this license. You agree to keep confidential and use your best efforts to prevent and protect the contents of the Tech-nology from unauthorized disclosure or use. Solectek reserves all rights not expressly granted to you.Limitations on use. You may not disclose or make available the Product or the Technology to any other party or permit others to use it except your employees and agents who use it on your behalf and who have agreed to these license terms. You may not do any of the following with or to the Product or the Technology: (a) make copies (except for backup or archival copies); (b) rent, lease or distribute copies; (c) make any alteration, modification, translation or the like without the prior written con-sent of Solectek; or (d) reverse engineer, reverse assemble, reverse compile or other-wise engage in similar manipulation. Any full or partial copy of the Product must include all copyright and other proprietary notices which appear on or in the Product. You must maintain adequate records to be able to control use of the Product and the Technology according to these license terms. These records must match the use of the Product and the Technology to the license grants. Solectek may require you to make these records available to Solectek or the third party developer or owner of the appli-cable portion of the Product.The term "authorization key" includes any unique series of data elements that is to be installed and enabled in a license control utility to allow use of the Product. Authoriza-tion keys may be installed and enabled for use in only one license control utility at any one time. Authorization keys are non-transferable and confidential and must be destroyed on termination of this license. Unless otherwise specified, you may print electronic Product documentation as reasonably necessary to exercise your right to use the Product.Terms and Limitations. This license is effective until terminated. You may terminate this license at any time by returning the Product to Solectek. This license automatically terminates if you fail to comply with its terms and conditions. You agree that upon such termination you will return the Product to Solectek, together with any other material you have received from Solectek in connection with the Product.U.S. governing law and export restrictions. This license will be governed by the laws (other than choice of law principles) of the State of California, and in no event will it be governed by the U.N. convention of the international sale of goods. You acknowledge that the laws and regulations of the United States restrict the export and re-export of the Product and any related technical data. You agree that you will not export or re-export the Product or any related technical data in any form without first obtaining the appropriate United States and foreign government approval.
ivU.S. Government Restricted Rights LegendThe Product is provided with Restricted Rights. Use, duplication, reproduction or dis-closure by the Government is subject to restrictions in subdivision (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Product clause at 252.227-7013 and in subpara-graphs (a) through (d) of the Commercial Product-Restricted Rights Clause at 52.227-19. Contractor/Manufacturer is Solectek, 6370 Nancy Ridge Drive, Suite 109, San Diego, California.
IntroductionvIntroductionThe products and software programs described in this Users’ Guide are licensed prod-ucts of SOLECTEK and are fully copyrighted. The information within this Operator’s Guide is proprietary and also is copyrighted.Information in this Operator’s Guide is subject to change without notice. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this Guide, SOLECTEK assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies. The Operator’s Guide may not be reproduced or trans-mitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or information retrieval systems, for any purpose other than the purchaser’s personal use, without the expressed, written permission of SOLECTEK.It is the policy of SOLECTEK to improve its products as new technology, components, software, and firmware become available. SOLECTEK Corporation, therefore, reserves the right to change specifications without prior notice. Furthermore, all fea-tures, functions, and operations described herein may not be marketed by SOLECTEK in all parts of the world.SOLECTEK is the name and trademark of SOLECTEK Corporation. SkyWay is a trademark of SOLECTEK Corporation.SOLECTEK does not warrant that the hardware and software of its product will func-tion as intended in every environment and application, and makes no warranty and representation, either implied or expressed, with respect to the quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for every purpose.Other trademarks:IBM and AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. Microsoft and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Novell and NetWare are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. Other trademarks are the property of their respective holders.Copyright January 2000 SOLECTEK Corporation, San Diego, California, U.S.A.All Rights Reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.Tel: (858)450-1220Web Site: www.solectek.comPart Number:
viContact InformationIf the information in this Users’ Guide does not answer your questions, please contact SOLECTEK Corporation’s Technical Support Department. Our friendly and knowl-edgeable Technical Support staff is available to answer your questions Monday through friday, 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Pacific Time. If you prefer, you can submit questions to our 24-hour fax number or by e-mail.Voice support: (858)450-122024-hour fax number: (858)457-2681E-mail address: support@solectek.comTo handle your call as quickly and effectively as possible, please have the following information ready before you call.• The model you are using (SkyWay Bridge/Router).• The type of Ethernet connection your SkyWay Bridge/Router has (10BaseT or 100BaseF).• The network to which you are connected (for example, Novell NetWare, version xx).• The application you were using when you encountered the problem (for example, Word for Windows, version 7.0).• Any symptoms or error codes that accompanied the problem (for example, activities were suspended or a “123ABC” error code appeared.).• The results of the most recent bench test (see page xxx).
WarrantyviiWarrantyOne Year Limited WarrantySubject to the conditions and procedures set forth below during the warranty period, Solectek will repair or replace, at Solectek’s option, such Solectek products or parts thereof which, on inspection by Solectek, are found to be covered by the limited war-ranties set forth below. The warranty period for new hardware products, which are listed on Solectek’s MSRP Price List at time of purchase, is twelve months from the date of shipment from Solectek. The warranty period for spare parts and R- part num-bers is ninety days from the date of shipment from Solectek. If you think there is a problem or defect with your Solectek product:• Contact Solectek’s Technical Support Department between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m., Pacific Time at (858) 450-1220, or via fax at (858) 457-2681, or via e-mail at support@solectek.com. The Solectek Technical Support Representa-tive will discuss your problem to confirm the defect. After business hours, please leave a voicemail or send an e-mail or fax. A Technical Support Repre-sentative will respond to you the next business day.• If warranty or return service is needed, you will receive a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number. At no time should Solectek products be sent back without a valid RMA number. Solectek accepts no responsibility for unau-thorized returns.You agree to pay for shipping to Solectek. If the product is under warranty, Solectek You agree to pay for shipping to Solectek. If the product is under warranty, Solectek You agree to pay for shipping to Solectek. If the product is under warranty, Solectek You agree to pay for shipping to Solectek. If the product is under warranty, Solectek will pay for shipping of the repaired or replacement product to you via ground trans-will pay for shipping of the repaired or replacement product to you via ground trans-will pay for shipping of the repaired or replacement product to you via ground trans-will pay for shipping of the repaired or replacement product to you via ground trans-portation to your location in the United States. For installations outside the continental portation to your location in the United States. For installations outside the continental portation to your location in the United States. For installations outside the continental portation to your location in the United States. For installations outside the continental U.S., Solectek will pay for shipping via ground transportation to the freight forwarder of U.S., Solectek will pay for shipping via ground transportation to the freight forwarder of U.S., Solectek will pay for shipping via ground transportation to the freight forwarder of U.S., Solectek will pay for shipping via ground transportation to the freight forwarder of your choice located in the continental United States. Any other freight arrangements your choice located in the continental United States. Any other freight arrangements your choice located in the continental United States. Any other freight arrangements your choice located in the continental United States. Any other freight arrangements will be at customer expense.will be at customer expense.will be at customer expense.will be at customer expense.Solectek shall not be liable for any damage caused to the product in transit. You Solectek shall not be liable for any damage caused to the product in transit. You Solectek shall not be liable for any damage caused to the product in transit. You Solectek shall not be liable for any damage caused to the product in transit. You acknowledge and agree you will bear all risk of loss or damage to the product while acknowledge and agree you will bear all risk of loss or damage to the product while acknowledge and agree you will bear all risk of loss or damage to the product while acknowledge and agree you will bear all risk of loss or damage to the product while in transit.in transit.in transit.in transit.Send return shipments to: Solectek Corporation 6370 Nancy Ridge Drive, Suite 109 San Diego, CA 92121-3212 ATTN: RMA # ________ • Pack products securely, to prevent damage in transit. Be sure the RMA num-ber is clearly visible on the outside of the return shipping carton.• Returned Solectek products must include all other components from the origi-nal package, including the hardware, cables, connectors, software diskettes, and user manual(s) unless otherwise stipulated by Solectek.• Enclose a copy of the original purchaser’s proof of purchase, if needed to sup-port warranty claim. (See details in LIMITATIONS section below.)
viiiAfter inspecting the failed unit, Solectek will repair or replace materially defective parts or components. All products that are replaced become the property of Solectek. If upon inspection by Solectek, a unit returned under warranty is deemed to be damaged or out of warranty for any reason, (see LIMITATIONS section below), Solectek will contact the customer with a price for the repair or replacement unit. Upon receipt of payment (wire transfer, certified check, credit card, etc.) for the replacement unit plus outbound shipping fees, Solectek will send a repaired or replacement unit to the cus-tomer. Customers who do not accept the repair offer may receive their failed equip-ment back by prepaying an inspection fee of $300 and the return freight cost. If upon inspection by Solectek, a unit returned under warranty is found to be defect free, Solectek reserves the right to charge the customer a $500 test fee.SOLECTEK’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE OBLIGATION, AND YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY, UNDER THIS LIMITED WARRANTY SHALL BE THE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF THE APPLICABLE SOLECTEK PRODUCT IN ACCOR-DANCE WITH THE TERMS SET FORTH HEREIN.LIMITATIONSAs the original purchaser, you receive these warranties from Solectek Corporation, subject to the terms and limitations set forth below. Solectek warrants that your Solectek products will be free from defects in material and workmanship and will perform in substantial compliance with the operator’s guide(s) accompanying Solectek products. Warranty is given for twelve (12) months from the date of product shipment from Solectek for new hardware products and ninety (90) days for spare parts and R- part numbers. Solectek will honor this warranty upon receiving proof of purchase. “Proof of purchase” is a copy of the original sales transac-tion, showing complete name and address of seller, complete name and address of purchaser, date of purchase, model number, and serial number.Solectek does not cover or accept liability for any injury, damage or failure caused by misuse, misapplication, abuse, acts of nature, accidents (e.g., dropping the Solectek products or software diskettes), electrical mishaps, causes beyond our control, or claims by other than the original purchaser.Solectek will not honor, and will consider this limited warranty voided, if, in Solectek’s reasonable judgment, there has been any (1) tampering with the Solectek product’s external label or serial number, (2) attempt to open the Solectek product’s case with-out prior written consent from Solectek, (3) attempted or actual repair by anyone other than an authorized Solectek technician, (4) installation or use with any power supply component(s) other than the original Solectek power supply components pro-vided in the product package, (5) for installations within the U.S., installation or use with any cables or antenna(s) other than original Solectek products, (6) installation or use in environmental conditions that are outside Solectek’s published environmental specifications (including but not limited to temperature range, humidity, cable lengths, proximity to other devices, etc.). This warranty is available only to the initial end user purchaser of the product and is not transferable. This warranty is applicable only to products purchased using Solectek’s
WarrantyixMSRP Price List. Warranty is void if a Solectek product is installed at a destination other than the stated destination at time of purchase.DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH HEREIN, SOLECTEK HEREBY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE.WAIVER OF CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGESSOLECTEK HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL SPECIAL, INDIRECT, OR CONSE-QUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST PROFITS, LOSS OF OR DAMAGE TO ANY OTHER COMPUTER EQUIPMENT OR RELATED DATA) WHICH MAY RESULT FROM BREACH OF ANY WARRANTY, OR ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE ANY SOLECTEK PRODUCT, EVEN IF SOLECTEK HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
x
xiTable of ContentsTable of ContentsTable of ContentsTable of ContentsRegulatory Information: ...................................... iFederal Communications Commission (FCC) Radio Frequency Interference Statement .............................................................iInformation to the User................................................................iRadio Transmission Notice ..........................................................iiEnd User License Agreement ......................................................iiU.S. Government Restricted Rights Legend ..............................ivIntroduction .........................................................vContact Information ...........................................viWarranty ............................................................viiOne Year Limited Warranty ...................................................... viiLIMITATIONS ........................................................................... viiiDISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES................................................... ixWAIVER OF CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES............................... ix
xiiChapter 1:Introducing Skyway.............................1Intended Audience .............................................. 2Using this Guide .................................................. 3Conventions, warnings ........................................ 5Menu and Command Names .......................................................5Typed Text ...................................................................................5Notes ............................................................................................5Warnings.......................................................................................5Hyperjumps ..................................................................................5How to Proceed .................................................. 6Chapter 2:Getting to Know the SkyWay Bridge/Router .................................................7General Description ............................................ 8Product Features ................................................ 9Contents of the SkyWay Package ..................... 10Component Identification ................................. 11Specifications..................................................... 12Understanding the Menu Structure.................. 13
xiiiNavigating Through Menus and Screens ..................................13Dot Commands ..........................................................................14How Screens Display Information .............................................15Editing Fields ..............................................................................15Field Types.................................................................................... 15Saving Configuration Changes...................................................16Understanding the Configuration Database .............................16Changes that Require Cycling or Resetting ..............................16Resetting the Unit ......................................................................... 16Bios Application ................................................ 18Bios Main Menu..........................................................................18Bios Main Menu ............................................................................ 18Bios Configuration Menu .............................................................. 19Bios System Configuration ............................................................ 20Configuration Database Service.................................................... 21Accessing the SkyWay Bridge/Router ............... 22Modem Settings for Dial-up Connection ...................................... 22Configuring the Serial Port and Serial Transceiver ..................231.2.1.1 Serial Port Configuration .................................................. 241.2.1.2 Serial Transceiver Configuration....................................... 25Chapter 3:Preparing for Installation..................27Before Installing ................................................ 28Safety Considerations ....................................... 29General Safety Guidelines..........................................................29Electrical Safety Guidelines........................................................29Pre-installation Procedures.............................. 30
xivSite Considerations ....................................................................30Step One: Assess Your Network Requirements .......................... 30Step Two: Map Wireless Network Pre-Design ............................ 30Step Three: Perform a Site Survey ............................................... 31Step Four: Finalize the Design ...................................................... 31Bench Test......................................................... 32Minimum Configuration Settings and Factory Defaults for Bench Test ..........................................................................................32Performing the Bench Test........................................................33Chapter 4:Installing Skyway ...............................41Mounting the SkyWay Unit ............................... 42Mounting to a Mast ....................................................................42Mounting to a Wall.....................................................................44Setting Up the Antenna .................................... 45Selecting the Antenna ...............................................................45Before You Mount the Antenna ................................................45Mounting the Antenna...............................................................46Grounding Skyway and the Antenna ................ 47Connecting Cabling............................................ 48Routing Connected Cables ........................................................48Connecting an Antenna .............................................................49Connecting to Power .................................................................50Connecting to the Administration Console ..............................51Connecting to Your LAN ...........................................................53
xvAntenna Alignment and RF Link Verification ... 55Chapter 5:Configuring and Managing SkyWay....57Configuring SkyWay........................................... 58Configuration Features Available ..............................................58Setting System Configuration Parameters ....... 59Setting Network Management Security Parameters...............591.1.1 Network Management Security Configuration.................... 59Setting Network Management System Parameters ................611.1.2 Network Management System Configuration ..................... 61Adding Users and Setting Access Levels...................................621.1.3.1 Add a User ........................................................................ 62Displaying a List of Users ...........................................................631.1.3.2 Users................................................................................. 63Setting the System Date and Time ...........................................641.1.4 General Parameters Configuration ...................................... 64Understanding RF-DLC...................................... 65The RF-DLC Protocol.................................................................65Automatic Discovery Protocol...................................................65Enabling ADP ................................................................................ 65Disabling ADP ............................................................................... 66ADP Discovery Process ................................................................ 66RF-DLC Frame Types.................................................................67RF-DLC Commands and Responses............................................. 67Polling .........................................................................................67Error Detection and Recovery...................................................... 68
xviConfiguring the Ports........................................ 69Before you Begin ........................................................................69Obtaining IP Addresses..............................................................69Setting up IP Addresses.............................................................69Configuring the SkyWay as a Base Station ...............................691.2.3.3 RF Transceiver Configuration ........................................... 72RF Diagnostics Port....................................................................... 731.2.3.2 RF Diagnostic Port Configuration ..................................... 731.2.3.1.1 RF Base Port Configuration ........................................... 74Configuring the SkyWay as a Sub Station.................................771.2.3.1.2 RF Sub Port Configuration ............................................. 78Configuring the Base Sub Ports .................................................... 80Validating Accept Status of a Sub Station ................................811.2.3.1.4 ADP Substation Configuration ....................................... 81Configuring the Ethernet Port...................................................831.2.2.1 Ethernet Port Configuration ............................................. 83Configuring the Ethernet Transceiver.......................................851.2.2.2 Ethernet Transceiver Configuration ................................. 85Bridging ............................................................. 88Enabling and Disabling Bridging ................................................88Port States..................................................................................... 88Spanning Tree ............................................................................891.3.1 Bridge Configuration............................................................ 901.3.2 Bridge Port Configuration.................................................... 92IP Routing.......................................................... 93Configuring IP.............................................................................931.4.1 IP Protocol Configuration .................................................... 93Configuring the IP Ports ............................................................951.4.2 IP Port Configuration ........................................................... 95Setting up Static Routing...........................................................971.4.3 IP Static Routes Configuration ............................................. 97
xviiBOOTP .......................................................................................98Obtaining a Configuration Summary ........................................991.5 Configuration Summary ........................................................ 100Internet Control Message Protocol ................ 102SNMP ............................................................... 103SNMP Features Available ........................................................103Diagnostics ...................................................... 104BIOS Diagnostics......................................................................104RunTime Diagnostics ...............................................................1044.1 RF Base Radio Test ............................................................... 1054.2 RF Sub Radio Test................................................................. 107Ping Utility................................................................................1083.2 Ping Utility............................................................................. 109File Directory............................................................................1113.1.4 File Directory..................................................................... 111File Transfer Utilities ...................................... 112Xmodem...................................................................................112YModem ...................................................................................1133.1.2 YModem ............................................................................ 114Uploading a New Software Version ........................................115Trivial File Transfer Protocol ...................................................116TFTP Clients and Server............................................................. 117Sending and Receiving Files......................................................... 117File Definitions ............................................................................ 118TFTP Status ................................................................................ 119Configuring the TFTP Server on SkyWay ................................... 1193.1.1.2 TFTP File Transfer .......................................................121
xviiiSecurity ........................................................... 123Multi-level Password Security .................................................123SNMP Security .........................................................................123Chapter 6:Monitoring SkyWay..........................125Monitoring Features Available........................ 126System Status and Control Screens ................ 127Taking a System Snap Shot .....................................................1272.1.1 General Status and Control ............................................... 127Checking SNMP Status and Trap History ..............................1282.1.2.1 SNMP Status ................................................................... 1282.1.2.2 SNMP Trap History ........................................................ 129Checking the Error Log............................................................130Port Status and Control Screens .................... 132Checking the Serial Port Status ..............................................1322.2.2 Serial Port Status................................................................ 132Checking the Ethernet Port Status.........................................1342.2.3.1 Ethernet Port Status ....................................................... 1342.2.3.2 Ethernet Transceiver Status............................................ 136Checking the RF Port...............................................................1372.2.4 RF Port Status .................................................................... 137RF-DLC Screens ............................................... 140Checking RF-DLC Base Port Status ........................................1402.5.1 RF-DLC Base Port Status................................................... 140Checking the Sub Port Status .................................................1432.5.2 RF-DLC Sub Port Status .................................................... 143Checking the Polling Status.....................................................146
xix2.5.3 RF-DLC Sub Poll Status ..................................................... 146Checking the RF Signal Status.................................................1472.5.4 RF Signal Status .................................................................. 147Bridging Screens.............................................. 149Checking Bridge and Spanning Tree Status ...........................1492.3.1 Bridge and Spanning Tree Status ....................................... 149Checking Bridge Port Status ...................................................1522.3.2 Bridge Port Status .............................................................. 152Checking Spanning Tree Port Status......................................1542.3.3 Spanning Tree Port Status.................................................. 154Transparent Bridging Table.....................................................1562.3.4 Transparent Bridging Table ............................................... 156IP Routing Screens .......................................... 157Checking IP Routing Status .....................................................1572.4.1.1 IP Protocol Status ........................................................... 1572.4.1.2 IP Address Table ............................................................. 160Checking ICMP Activity ...........................................................1612.4.1.4 ICMP Status .................................................................... 161Checking the Address Resolution Protocol Table ..................1632.4.1.5 ARP Table ....................................................................... 163Base Station States ......................................... 164Sub Station States ...................................................................166Status Summary .............................................. 168Checking the Status Summary ................................................1682.6 Status Summary .................................................................... 168
xxChapter 7:Troubleshooting Skyway .................171Symptom/Action Flowchart ............................ 172Before You Call Solectek Tech Support.......... 173Detailed description of the problem........................................... 1732.1.1 General Status and Control Information............................ 173Network Configuration .............................................................. 174RF Network Configuration ......................................................... 174Logical Network Map ................................................................. 174Bench Test Results...................................................................... 174Appendix A:Run-time Menu Tree .......................175Appendix B: BIOS Menu Tree Summary Table.....179Appendix C:Interface Specifications and Pinouts.............................................181DC Power Cable (Female DC Jack).................. 182Console Cable (Serial RS-422: DB9)................ 18310 Base-T/100 Base-TX (Ethernet Cable: RJ-45) ............................................................ 184
xxiAppendix D:Detailed Product Specifications ......185Appendix E:Supported Protocols .......................187Bridged Protocols.....................................................................187Routed Protocols......................................................................187Management Protocols ............................................................187Appendix F:Error Codes .....................................189Appendix G:SNMP Trap Messages.......................191Appendix H:Installation Recording Form............193Appendix I:Sources of SNMP Management Software ..........................................195
xxiiAppendix J:Glossary and Basic Concepts ...........197Basic Concepts ................................................ 198Units of Measure ............................................. 201Connection Types............................................ 203Antennas ......................................................... 204Protocols ......................................................... 208Equipment ....................................................... 209Site Survey ...................................................... 210Appendix K:Skyway Antennas ............................2137002301: 6 dBi Omni Directional Antenna..... 214Specifications............................................................................214Wall Mount ...............................................................................215Mast Mount ..............................................................................2157002401: 11 dBi Omni Directional Antenna... 216Specifications............................................................................216Wall Mount ...............................................................................217Mast Mount ..............................................................................2177002501: 16 dBi Outdoor Flat Panel Directional
xxiiiAntenna......................................................... 218Specifications............................................................................218Wall Mount ...............................................................................219Mast Mount ..............................................................................2197002601: 17 dBi Outdoor Flat Panel Directional Antenna......................................................... 220Specifications............................................................................220Wall Mount ...............................................................................221Mast Mount ..............................................................................2217002701: 22 dBi Outdoor High gain Flat Panel Di-rectional Antenna ......................................... 222Specifications............................................................................222Wall Mount ...............................................................................223Mast Mount ..............................................................................2237002801: 8 dBi Indoor/Outdoor Patch Antenna ..224Specifications............................................................................224Wall Mount ...............................................................................225Mast Mount ..............................................................................2257002901: 12 dBi 110 ° Outdoor Sectorial Antenna226Specifications............................................................................226Wall Mount ...............................................................................227Mast Mount ..............................................................................227
xxivIndex .................................................229
1Chapter 1: Chapter 1: Chapter 1: Chapter 1: Introducing SkywayIntroducing SkywayIntroducing SkywayIntroducing SkywayThis User's Guide helps you install, configure, and manage the SkyWay Wireless Bridge/Router. This Guide also covers selected SkyWay Bridge/Router maintenance and troubleshooting procedures.This chapter includes the following information:Intended Audience.............................................................. 2Using this Guide ................................................................. 3Conventions, warnings ....................................................... 5How to Proceed................................................................. 6
2Intended AudienceThis Users’ Guide contains everything you need to know to prepare for installation, install, and configure a SkyWay Wireless Bridge/Router. It assumes the following:• You are functioning in an Information Services or Building Facilities capacity• You have more than one year’s experience with networking, either wireless or traditional• You are familiar with basic networking concepts such as bridging, IP routing, WAN protocols, etc.• You are familiar with your LAN or WAN’s topology, configuration, and design• If you will be using Simple Network Management Protocol to manage SkyWay, you are familiar with the protocol’s terms and usage• You are familiar with basic RF/wireless network design, even if you are not familiar with the particulars of any specific systemNote If you do not have the knowledge listed above, we recommend that you hire a con-sultant to assist you with installing and configuring your SkyWay and network.
Using this Guide3Using this GuideThis guide contains the following chapters and appendixes:•Chapter 1 (this chapter)• Chapter 2: Getting to Know the SkyWay Bridge/RouterThis chapter provides an overview of the features and physical elements of the SkyWay Wireless Bridge/Router, including how to use the Administrative Con-sole.• Chapter 3: Preparing for InstallationThis chapter explains how to plan a successful SkyWay installation, including a brief discussion of site design and detailed bench testing instructions.• Chapter 4: Installing SkywayThis chapter discusses how to mount and connect SkyWay.• Chapter 5: Configuring and Managing SkyWayThis chapter discusses how to configure SkyWay as a bridge, a router, or both, including instructions for setting up base and substations.• Chapter 6: Monitoring SkyWayThis chapter describes the SkyWay utilities you can use to monitor transmis-sion and routing performance.• Chapter 7: Troubleshooting SkywayThis chapter presents a method for diagnosing problems you may have with the unit. It also includes instructions for contacting Solectek Technical Support.• Appendix A: Run-time Menu TreeThis appendix provides a summary of the SkyWay menu structure, including cross-reference to more detailed information.• Appendix B: BIOS Menu Tree Summary TableThis appendix provides a list of the BIOS menu tree, including cross-reference to more detailed information.• Appendix C: Interface Specifications and PinoutsThis appendix explains the pins and wire color for each of the SkyWay connec-tors, in case you ever need to repair a cable.• Appendix D: Detailed Product SpecificationsThis appendix lists the specifications for SkyWay components and connectors.• Appendix E: Supported ProtocolsThis appendix details the routing and bridging protocols SkyWay supports.• Appendix F: Error CodesThis appendix describes the error codes the SkyWay administration console may provide.
4• Appendix G: SNMP Trap MessagesThis appendix lists the standard and enterprise SNMP traps.• Appendix H: Installation Recording FormThis appendix provides the forms you should use to record installation param-eters.• Appendix I: Sources of SNMP Management SoftwareThis appendix explains where to obtain SNMP management software.• Appendix J: Glossary and Basic ConceptsThis appendix lists and defines important terms used in this manual.• Appendix K: Skyway AntennasThis appendix lists antenna specifications.• Index
Conventions, warnings5Conventions, warningsThe following conventions are used in this Operator's Guide.Menu and Command NamesMenu and command names appear in a bold typefacebold typefacebold typefacebold typeface.Typed TextScreen commands and text you are to type appear in a Courier typeface.NotesNotes are information requiring your attention.WarningsWarnings are statements that, if you ignore them, can damage the SkyWay Bridge/Router or cause injury to yourself or others.HyperjumpsThis guide contains hyperjumps to make it easy to navigate the PDF version of this book. Click on cross-references, TOC listings, or index entries to go to the appropri-ate page. The chapter number and names under “Using this Guide” on page 3, are examples of hyperjumps. For example, if you click “Chapter 2: Getting to Know the SkyWay Bridge/Router” you go to the first page in Chapter 2.
6How to ProceedReview this manual before proceeding further. The chapters present the information you need to begin in the order you will need it.
7Chapter 2: Chapter 2: Chapter 2: Chapter 2: Getting to Know the SkyWay Getting to Know the SkyWay Getting to Know the SkyWay Getting to Know the SkyWay Bridge/RouterBridge/RouterBridge/RouterBridge/RouterBefore setting up, configuring, and testing your new bridge/router, take a minute to review its components and features.This chapter includes the following information:General Description ........................................................... 8Product Features................................................................. 9Contents of the SkyWay Package....................................... 10Component Identification ................................................. 11Specifications .................................................................... 12Understanding the Menu Structure ................................... 13Bios Application ................................................................ 18Accessing the SkyWay Bridge/Router................................. 22
8General DescriptionSkyWay -- The Long Distance Connection. The SkyWay series of products allows you to set up high-speed, wide area networks over long distances. SkyWay gives you the power to establish LAN-to-LAN connections over distances of up to 30 miles (48 km) - with superior performance. Each SkyWay unit is a compact, single, integrated outdoor unit designed to withstand harsh environments—there is no need for an indoor unit. SkyWay can be mounted on a mast or tower up to 4,000 feet (1200m)away from the LAN. This reach enables you to deploy far less equipment to cover your service area.Point-to-Point or Multi-Point Application. SkyWay products can be used any-where high speed data transfer or Internet access is required including corporate offices, educational campuses, healthcare facilities, manufacturing, or retail. Configura-tions can be set for Point-to-Point or Multi-Point applications.Each SkyWay can function as a base station (central site), a substation (remote site), or either end of a point-to-point link. Solectek’s broad selection of certified antennas ensures that you get exactly the radio coverage you need.Remote Operations. With SkyWay Series products, all management functions, monitoring, and software updates can be performed remotely from any desired loca-tion.Support. Solectek offers a world-wide network of factory trained resellers as well as on-site and on-line technical assistance programs.
Product Features9Product FeaturesThe SkyWay Bridge/Router include the following key features:• Up to 11 Mbps wireless data rate (up to 64 sub-stations)• Links of distances up to 30 miles (48 km)• Single, ruggedized, mast-mounted unit (UL Outdoor rated)• Fiber-optic and copper Ethernet options• Bridging and static IP routing• SNMP compliant• Optional fiber link for extra long distances or EMI protection• Remote software updates via TFTP, Xmodem, or Ymodem• FCC, Industrie Canada, ETSI, and UL certified• Milspec connectors/industrial components for ultra-reliable service• Secure Authentication Features• Spanning Tree Configurations• Supports DC voltage
10Contents of the SkyWay PackageBefore unpacking the SkyWay, examine the shipping containers and contents for dam-age. If you spot container damage, notify your shipper immediately.Report any missing parts and any damage not related to shipping to your place of pur-chase immediately.The SkyWay shipment includes three packages:• The SkyWay Bridge/Router (including pole or wall mounting kit)• The SkyWay cable kit:a. A DC power cable and AC/DC converter b. A console cable (RS-422 cable and RS-422 to RS-232 converter)c. An Ethernet cable (either 10 Base-T/100 Base-TX or 100 Base-FX, depending on the configuration ordered)d. A LMR-400 RF cable• The SkyWay antenna kit (omni or directional, as ordered by customer) and a test antennaThis User’s Guide will also be enclosed.Note: Keep the packing materials for future use. All components returned under warranty must be packed in their original packing materials.
Component Identification11Component IdentificationThe Skyway wireless bridge/router includes the following components:• a ruggedized, weatherproof casing• four connectors:Bottom View of the SkyWay Bridge/RouterBottom View of the SkyWay Bridge/RouterBottom View of the SkyWay Bridge/RouterBottom View of the SkyWay Bridge/RouterPower. The power receptacle (3 pin) accommodates the DC power cable supplied with the SkyWay; it accepts 48 V DC. To apply or remove power, connect or discon-nect the power cord to or from the AC/DC power converter.Administration Console. The EIA/TIA-422 console connector (6 pin) accommo-dates the console cable supplied with the SkyWay. The opposite end of the cable has a DB-9 RS-422 connector that connects to a supplied RS-422 to RS 232 converter that you connect to the RS-232 port of your PC or terminal. You can also connect the con-verter to your modem. For a diagram, see “Accessing the SkyWay Bridge/Router” on page 22.Ethernet Port. The Data/Ethernet connector accommodates one of the following two cables depending on the SkyWay model you ordered:• 10/100 Base-TX (twisted pair) (8 pin)• 100 Base-FX (fiberoptic) (2 pin)The opposite end of either cable connects to your LAN or WAN server’s Ethernet port.RF. The RF connector (“N” type female) accommodates an LMR-400 RF coaxial cable that connects to an RF antenna. For more information about antennas, see “Appendix K: Skyway Antennas” on page 213.For pinout information, see “Appendix C: Interface Specifications and Pinouts” on page 181.PowerPowerPowerPower AdministrationAdministrationAdministrationAdministrationConsoleConsoleConsoleConsoleEthernetEthernetEthernetEthernet10 /100 Base-TX (shown)10 /100 Base-TX (shown)10 /100 Base-TX (shown)10 /100 Base-TX (shown)or 100 Base-FXor 100 Base-FXor 100 Base-FXor 100 Base-FX RF Antenna RF Antenna RF Antenna RF Antenna
12SpecificationsFor a list of SkyWay Bridge/Router specifications, see “Appendix D: Detailed Product Specifications” on page 185.
Understanding the Menu Structure13Understanding the Menu StructureThe SkyWay screens are organized by function, and are hierarchically numbered. The Run Time Main Menu is shown below:The Configuration menu, option 1, shows you a list of 5 options. For example, 1.1 System Configuration, 1.2 Port Configuration, etc. For a complete list of the screens in the menu tree, refer to “Appendix A: Run-time Menu Tree” on page 175, and “BIOS M e n u Tr e e S u m m a r y Ta b l e ” o n p ag e 1 7 9 .For information on the Bios Application, seeNavigating Through Menus and ScreensUse the keys in the following table to navigate through the menus:To …To …To …To … Press This Key…Press This Key…Press This Key…Press This Key…Move down or up through menu optionsDown- or Up-ArrowMove through list of field entries Right- or Left-Arrow or space barSelect an item or edit a field Enter Go up one menu level \ (Blackslash) Move between fields Tab, Up- or Down-ArrowEnter a command .(dot) followed by the command. (see “Dot Commands” on page 14)Go directly to a particular screen if you know the screen numberFrom the Main Menu, enter the screen num-ber. From other screens where commands are available, press . (dot), then type the number of the screen. The screen title appears above the number. If this is the screen you want, press Enter.
14Dot CommandsYou can access commands from all non-menu screens. When they are available, . - commands appears at the bottom of the screen. Press . to display the com-mand line which lists the available commands for that screen, that is, not all commands are available on every screen. The following table describes the commands:.H Go to the HELP screen, which lists arrow keys and . commands. .M Monitor Mode on or off. Monitor mode con-tinuously refreshes the data displayed, allowing you to see the system operating in real time..R Update screen data (refresh).W Save screen data to the database (write). This is usually required after you make a configura-tion change before the change takes affect..A Add a new record to a table.N Display the next record in a table..P Display the previous record in a table..C Cancel any changes made to this screen beforebeforebeforebefore you press .W .G Go to the specific table record by key value (for example, port number)..Z Clears the statistics on the current status screen (zero).F Flushes tables. Available for these screens:• 2.1.3 Error Log Screen• 2.3.4 Transparent Bridging Table• 2.4.1.5 ARP TableThis is functionally the same as accessing the 3.3 Flush utility, which allows you to flush one or more of the above tables at a time..(dot) Use to go to a particular screen number. Type . (dot), then type the screen number you want to go to (for example, 224) and press Enter. You cannot use this method at a menu screen.
Understanding the Menu Structure15How Screens Display InformationConfiguration and status records are displayed in the following formats:• As a static variable• As a table with many rows or records• As a table with one row or recordScreens Displaying One Record. On some screens, one row or record of the table appears at a time (see screen 2.2.1. for an example). All of the data displayed is from a single record in the table. The record you are looking at is indicated at the top right of the screen (for example, Record 1 of 2 means you are looking at the first record (row) of data in a two-record table). Press .N to see the next record, or .P to see the previous record.Scrolling Screens. Some screens display information that does not fit on one screen (for example, the summary screens, such as 1.6 Configuration Summary). Press .N to see the next screen, or .P for the previous screen.Common Rows. Common fields appear only on screens containing tables with many rows. Common rows display in the 4-row space above the command line at the bot-tom of the screen. These rows display field data for the record at the cursor position. For example, in screen “2.5.1 RF-DLC Base Port Status” on page 140, when the cur-sor points to the first row, the field data at the bottom of screen are for that record.Editing FieldsFields that you can edit or configure display the current value with a blinking cursor. To change the value, position the cursor on the field, and press ´.Field TypesThe types of field data in a record are:• Numeric - Enter a number within a certain range. If the number you enter is outside the range, the field redisplays the original value and the cursor remains on the field.• Text - Enter alphanumeric characters up to the maximum length allowed.• Select from a List - Enter or select values using the arrow keys or Space Bar to scroll through the list of valid entries for that field (brackets appear around the field value).To finish editing the field, press Enter to accept the new value, remove the brackets, and move to the next field.To back out all changes, press .C to cancel.To save all changes, press .w to write the changes to the database.Note Access to certain screens and fields may be restricted for certain users. See “Adding Users and Setting Access Levels” on page 62.
16Saving Configuration ChangesSave any changes you make by using the .W command. This updates the database immediately, and the screen refreshes, displaying the new values. Sometimes, how-ever, you must reset the unit, or cycle the port for the changes to take affect (see “Changes that Require Cycling or Resetting” on this page).If you make changes to a screen, and try to leave it without saving, the screen warns you “Data has been modified. Write or Cancel changes.” Press .W or .C to remove the warning and return to the screen.Note Sometimes the Write and Cancel commands do not appear in the list of commands (at the bottom of screen) unless you make a change to a field.Understanding the Configuration DatabaseDefault configuration settings are stored in a non-volatile configuration database on the SkyWay. When the unit is started or reset, the configuration database is loaded and determines the runtime characteristics of each port.The SkyWay allows you to make configuration changes to the Ethernet and RF ports without disrupting operations. The changes are stored in the configuration database, allowing you to change Skyway’s runtime port characteristics without resetting the unit, by ‘cycling’ the port. This allows you to make minor changes on a port by port basis without affecting operations on the other ports. This is very important on a base station supporting many sub stations, where you need to avoid breaking the communications link between the base station and any sub station.Changes that Require Cycling or ResettingYou must cycle the port for the changes to take affect immediately if you edit any port level configuration parameters (for example, those in the 1.2 menu tree).To cycle the port: 1. Go to 2.2.1 Generic Port Status and Control.2. Ty p e 3 ( o r .N until the port number is the one you want).3. Set the Administrative StatusAdministrative StatusAdministrative StatusAdministrative Status field to Cycle. 4. Ty p e .W Cycle evacuates the port, reinstalls the driver, reads the database, and brings up the port.Resetting the UnitYou must reset the unit if you download an update to the SkyWay software using the file transfer utilities, or if you change any global parameter, such as:• enabling or disabling bridging• enabling or disabling routing
Understanding the Menu Structure17• changing the RF frequency• changing the data rateCaution If you are resetting the base station, all the sub station links also go down. The sub sta-tions then go into ADP mode.To reset the unit: 1. Go to the Main Menu.2. Type 5 (Start Application).3. Choose Runtime as the Application to StartApplication to StartApplication to StartApplication to Start.4. Press .W. This reloads the updated database containing the new configuration parameters.
18Bios ApplicationThe Bios application is mainly used for diagnostic purposes and is not available through SNMP. There are two ways to start the Bios application:Starting the BiosApplication fromReset1. When you reset the unit, a message displays asking you to press any key to start the Bios Application before the time out occurs and Run time starts. Press any key, which starts the Bios application and displays the Bios Login screen.2. Enter your username and password.3. The Bios Main Menu displays.Starting the BiosApplication fromRuntime1. From the Runtime Main Menu, press 5 (Start Application).2. Choose Bios Application as the Application to Start. It takes several seconds before the “Press any key to start Bios application” message displays.3. Press any key before the timeout occurs (or the system restarts the Runtime appli-cation). The Bios Login screen displays.4. Enter your username and password.5. The Bios Main Menu displays.Bios Main MenuThe Bios menu consists of 9 options:Bios Main MenuSince many of the options here are similar to those in the Runtime application, the fol-lowing table tells you where to find further information: Bios Main Menu 1. Configuration Menu 2. Diagnostics 3. Files 4. Utilities 5. Error Log 6. User Screens 7. Reset SkyWay 8. Start Application 9. Log OffUse arrow keys to select an item, then press ENTER; \ - Go up one level
Bios Application19The remaining options are:Bios Configuration MenuThe Configuration options are:Bios Menu Option For information, see...1. Configuration Menu “Bios Configuration Menu” on page 192. Diagnostics “ BIOS Diagnostics” on page 1043. Files “ File Directory” on page 1114. Utilities 4.1 YMODEM and 4.2 XMODEM“ 3.1.2 YModem” on page 114 4.3 Configuration Database Service“ Configuration Database Ser-vice” on page 21 4.4 Real Time Clock “ Setting the System Date and Time” on page 645. Error Log “ Checking the Error Log” on page 1306. User Screens “ Adding Users and Setting Access Levels” on page 62Bios Menu Option Function7. Reset SkyWay Immediately resets the unit.8. Start Application Starts the Runtime appli-cation.9. Log Off Exits SkyWayOption See Runtime ScreenSystem None (see “Bios System Configuration” on this page)
20Bios System ConfigurationUse this screen to check your system configuration and to change the Bios Timeout default.The Bios Timeout sets the default number of seconds the system waits to allow you to press a key to load the Bios Application. The range is 5 to 120 seconds.Serial Port “1.2.1.1 Serial Port Con-figuration” on page 24Serial Transceiver “1.2.1.2 Serial Transceiver Configuration” on page 25Ethernet Port “1.2.2.1 Ethernet Port Configuration” on page 83Ethernet Transceiver “1.2.2.2 Ethernet Trans-ceiver Configuration” on page 85Option See Runtime Screen 1.1. System Product Code : SkyWay Bridge Board Revision : Version 1 Software Version : Bios Version 00.31A-T Media Type : Twisted-pair RF Power Type : Low Power VCO Type : Package SDRAM Size : 16 Megabytes Flash Size : 4 Megabytes Serial Number : 0 Country Code : U.S. MAC Address : 00:c0:61:00:00:00 Bios Timeout (sec) : 5\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
Bios Application21Configuration Database ServiceThis utility allows you to work with the Bios and Runtime configuration databases.Field Name MIB Default SettingBios DB Action ••••NoneNoneNoneNone • InitializeSelect Initialize to clear out the present Bios configuration database and restore the default shipped configuration.Runtime DB Action ••••NoneNoneNoneNone•Initialize•Save•RestoreSelect Initialize to clear out the present Runtime configuration database and load the default factory configuration database. Select Save to save the current Runtime con-figuration database as the new default Runtime configuration database. Select Restore to clear out the present Runtime configuration database and load the Saved Runtime configuration database.Bios DB Status ••••PresentPresentPresentPresent •AbsentA status field which tells you whether the Bios database is loaded.Runtime DB Status ••••PresentPresentPresentPresent • AbsentA status field which tells you whether the Runtime database is loaded.Saved DB Status ••••AbsentAbsentAbsentAbsent •PresentA status field which tells you whether a Saved database is loaded. 4.3. Configuration Database Service Bios DB Action : None Runtime DB Action: None Bios DB Status : Present Runtime DB Status: Present Saved DB Status : Absent\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
22Accessing the SkyWay Bridge/RouterThere are three ways to access the SkyWay Bridge/Router:• Direct Connection.Direct Connection.Direct Connection.Direct Connection. Use a terminal that is directly connected to the unit's RS-422 port. This is called the local console, and it allows you to directly access all of the Skyway’s configuration and management screens.• Dial-up Connection.Dial-up Connection.Dial-up Connection.Dial-up Connection. Use a dial-up modem attached to the SkyWay to access the local console. Functionally, it is the same as being directly connected.•SNMP Connection.SNMP Connection.SNMP Connection.SNMP Connection. Use an SNMP Manager to access most of the Skyway’s configuration screens. The SNMP Manager accesses the SkyWay over Ether-net or a SkyWay’s RF link with another SkyWay. For Configuration and Status screens not accessible via SNMP, see “Appendix A: Run-time Menu Tree” on page 175.The following diagram shows these three methods:For more information about connecting the SkyWay to a console, see “Connecting to the Administration Console” on page 51.Modem Settings for Dial-up ConnectionTo configure amodem attached tothe SkyWay1. Set the modem to Auto Answer.2. Set the modem’s RS-232 port speed to Fixed. It cannot follow the connection speed, because SkyWay’s serial port is a manually configurable fixed speed.3. Set DTR to High to Always On. This is necessary for some modems.To c o n f i g u r e t h eTerminal for dialingto the SkyWay1. Set the terminal to type VT-100.2. Set the baud rate to the SkyWay-configured baud rate (default is 115200 bps). To change the SkyWay’s baud rate, go to “1.2.1.1 Serial Port Configuration” on page 24.
Accessing the SkyWay Bridge/Router233. Set the terminal to 8-bits, No Parity, 1 Stop Bit.4. Dial the modem attached to the SkyWay.Example ATCommandsYou may need to write a command line to configure your modem for use with the SkyWay. The example command line below is listed for your convenience and is not configured through a screen on the SkyWay. The following is an example of the AT command settings for a USRobotics V.Everything modem attached to the SkyWay. The AT command line reads: ATQ1&A0&B1&D0&F0&H0&R1S0=1&WThe above command line disables any flow control, fixes the speed of the serial port, and disables any response codes back to the SkyWay unit. Make adjustments or addi-tions to these settings based on your local configuration.These change the default configuration; however, the modem should then boot from the NVRAM settings.Configuring the Serial Port and Serial TransceiverGo to the 1.2.1.1 Serial Port Configuration, or 1.2.1.2 Serial Transceiver Configuration screen.Where…Where…Where…Where… Means…Means…Means…Means…Q1 Suppress result codes&A0 Don’t display ARQ result codes&B1 Fixed DTE speed&D0 Ignore DTR&F0 Load no flow control template settings&H0 Disable transmit data flow control&R1 Ignore RTSS0=1 Answer on first ring&W Write to NVRAM
241.2.1.1 Serial Port ConfigurationField Name MIB Default SettingPort Number [swSerialPortIndex] 1The serial port number is 1.Configuration Status [swSerialPortConfigSta-tus]On-lineWhether this port configuration initializes upon reset. On-line means the port comes up as a serial port when the unit is reset; Off-line means the port does not initialize upon reset.Buffers [swSerialPortMaxBuffers] 80Serial port buffers.Transmit Buffers [swSerialPortTransDesc] 16Serial port transmit buffers.Receive Buffers [swSerialPortRecvDesc] 16Serial port receive buffers.Maximum Frame Size [swSerialPortMaxFrame-Size]512Largest frame that can be transmitted vial the serial port 1.2.1.1 Serial Port Configuration Port Number : 1 Configuration Status : On-line Buffers : 80 Transmit Buffers : 12 Receive Buffers : 12 Maximum Frame Size : 512\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
Accessing the SkyWay Bridge/Router251.2.1.2 Serial Transceiver ConfigurationField Name MIB Default SettingPort Number [swSerialPortIndex] 1The serial port number is 1.Baud Rate [swSerialPortBaudRate] 115200The baud rate of the local serial port.Data Bits [swSerialPortDataBits] 8The number of data bits for the serial port.Parity [swSerialPortParity] NONEThe parity setting for the serial port.Stop Bits [swSerialPortStopBits] OneThe number of stop bits for the serial port. 1.2.1.2 Serial Transceiver Configuration Port Number : 1 Baud Rate : 115200 Data Bits : 8 Parity : NONE Stop Bits : One \ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
26
27Chapter 3: Chapter 3: Chapter 3: Chapter 3: Preparing for InstallationPreparing for InstallationPreparing for InstallationPreparing for InstallationSince the Skyway bridge/router is a ruggedized device installed outside the building, Solectek recommends spending some time planning the installation and testing the configuration before permanently mounting the units.This chapter contains the following information:Before Installing ................................................................ 28Safety Considerations ....................................................... 29General Safety Guidelines........................................... 29Electrical Safety Guidelines.......................................... 29Pre-installation Procedures................................................ 30Site Considerations..................................................... 30Bench Test ................................................................. 32
28Before InstallingTo complete your SkyWay installation, you need the following items:• A pair of cellular telephones or walkie-talkies, so installers can communicate when aligning SkyWay antennas during the installation process• (Optional: Needed only if you find it absolutely necessary to cut the indoor connectors off to accommodate pulling the cable through conduit):•Ethernet cable: an RJ-45 cable crimper to terminate the RJ-45 connection to the Ethernet LAN during the installation process•Serial cable: a small screwdriver to disassemble the DB-9 case, a pin removal extractor tool or a replacement DB-9 jack•Power cable: a soldering ironFor pin-out information, see “Appendix C: Interface Specifications and Pinouts” on page 181.• VT-100 console or a workstation with VT-100 emulation capability and termi-nal emulation software such as Hyperterm™ or Procomm™ to configure the SkyWay Bridge/Router• (Optional) a modem, if you want to operate the SkyWay Bridge/Router through a dial-up connection• 13 mm hex socket wrench for mounting bracket• Slotted screw driver for mounting clamps
Safety Considerations29Safety ConsiderationsThe following sections provide guidelines to ensure your safety when installing and working with the SkyWay Bridge/Router.General Safety GuidelinesObserve the following guidelines to ensure general safety:• Keep tools away from walk areas where you and others could trip over them.• Do not wear loose clothing that could get caught in the chassis mounting hard-ware. Fasten your tie or scarf and roll up your sleeves.• Wear safety glasses when working under any conditions that might be hazard-ous to your eyes.• Do not perform any action that creates a potential hazard to people or makes the equipment unsafe.Electrical Safety GuidelinesObserve the following electrical guidelines when working on the SkyWay Bridge/Router.• Do not work on the system or connect or disconnect cables under these con-ditions:• during a thunderstorm• when wearing a wool sweater or other heavy wool clothing• when power is applied• Do not touch the SkyWay power supply when the power cord is connected. Because the SkyWay Bridge/Router does not have a power switch, line volt-ages are present within the power supply when the power cord is connected to the Bridge/Router.• The SkyWay’s Bridge/Router relies on the building’s installation for short-circuit (overcurrent) protection. Make sure that a fuse or circuit breaker not larger than 120 VAC, 15A U.S. (240 VAC, 10A international) is used on the phase conductors (all current-carrying conductors).• Before working on the SkyWay chassis, unplug the power cord from the AC outlet or disconnect the fuse or circuit breaker.• Locate the emergency power-off switch for the AC source connected to the SkyWay Bridge/Router. If an electrical accident occurs, use this switch to turn off power to the bridge.• Identify possible hazards in your work area, such as moist floor, ungrounded power extension cables, and missing safety grounds. Do not work alone if potentially hazardous conditions exist.
30Pre-installation ProceduresPlanning and feasibility studies are critical to successfully integrate the SkyWay Bridge/Router with your network. There are additional factors, for example, Radio Line of Sight and overall RF environmental issues, which must be taken into account for wire-less connectivity.Site ConsiderationsDeploying a successful network requires feasibility studies and careful planning, particu-larly for wireless connectivity solutions where additional factors must be considered. Radio Line of Sight and overall RF environment must be assessed and documented to assist in determining the initial installation as well as providing a baseline for future RF environmental measurements when suspected local RF environment changes occur.Step One: Assess Your Network RequirementsSolectek recommends the following steps in determining the feasibility of a wireless internetworking solution using Solectek wireless bridges and routers:• Identify, list and classify the data resource centers by type and number of users• Layout the topology of voice, data and video networks indicating bandwidth requirements, protocols, and media of each network segment.• Plan and layout the IP addressing scheme for IP and IPX networks• Ensure all protocols deployed in the planned network, including planned wire-less segments, can be encapsulated in Ethernet frames 802.1d, 802.3, and 802.2.• Identify protocols and network segments which will require encapsulation in IP packets and consequent routing.Step Two: Map Wireless Network Pre-DesignYou then provide details about locations to be connected, for example, building-to-building, or server-to-ISP.• Identify and mark the locations of the main nodes of the network on a geo-graphical map of the region. Attach full street addresses and building character-istics to each location.• Gather site coordinates (latitude and longitude) for each location• Use the site coordinates to determine optimal geographical layout of desired link paths for wireless network segments, and complete the wireless network geographical map.• Determine minimum antenna height requirement for each location, which guarantees that in each link’s path, at least 60% of Fresnel zone is unob-structed.
Pre-installation Procedures31Step Three: Perform a Site SurveyIn this step, you assess the Line of Sight and RF environmental factors.• Check for the existence of competing RF signals, using a spectrum analyzer.• Detect and measure the potential sources of interference in selected RF bands for each site• Mark the direction and nature of detected RF interference on the wireless net-work map (created in step two).• Determine the height of obstacles (trees, buildings, highways) in each link’s path.Step Four: Finalize the DesignThe final step includes adjusting your plan and selecting equipment.• Adopt changes in the network layout to overcome RF interference, and to guarantee the minimum required bandwidth for each link.• Adjust antenna height requirements based on identified obstacles in the site survey.• Select the antenna types for each site, based on the link distance and minimum antenna co-location requirements.• Select an RF channel and antenna polarity plan for each link.• Select cable types and lengths.
32Bench TestSolectek strongly recommends using the Bench Test for testing the SkyWay Bridge/Router prior to installing it in its permanent location. The test provides a means to install and configure the equipment to your requirements. It allows you to become familiar with the equipment’s operation and capabilities in a user-friendly environment. Installers who bench test all equipment and configurations have a significantly higher success rate during field installation than those who skip the test.The following are required for the bench test: • At least 2 SkyWay units• SkyWay power cable and AC/DC converter• Console cable and RS-422 to RD-232 converter• Test antenna for each SkyWay RF port• Two terminals or workstations with VT-100 emulation capability (one for each Skyway), or one workstation with two RS-232 ports to accommodate two SkyWays (see “Step One: Connecting Components” on page 33).Minimum Configuration Settings and Factory Defaults for Bench Test•RF frequencyRF frequencyRF frequencyRF frequency: Use the most efficient RF frequency for your SkyWay as deter-mined during the site survey.• Tap ValueTa p Va lu eTa p Va lu eTap Value: During installation, the installer decides on an appropriate tap value for your SkyWay so that there is no interference with other SkyWay traffic.•ModeModeModeMode: Designate one SkyWay as the base station, and the other as the sub station.
Bench Test33Performing the Bench TestStep One:ConnectingComponentsUse the following to connect the components in a bench test environment. There are two possible scenarios:1. Position two SkyWays side by side.2. Connect the DC power cables to the rear panels of the SkyWays. Connect the other ends to two AC/DC converters. Plug in the converters to power.3. Connect two console cable connectors to the rear panels of the SkyWays. Con-nect the opposite ends (RS-422/RS-232 converters) to the COM1 ports of two computer workstations or to the COM1 and COM2 ports on one computer workstation.4. Connect the test antenna to the RF ports of the SkyWays. AC/DC converterDC PowerconnectorPower cableTest AntennaConsole cableTerminal or PCEthernet Port Serial portDC Powerconnector1 12SkyWay 2AC/DC converterPower cableTest AntennaConsole cableTerminal or PCEthernet Port Serial port34234Scenario 1: Two SkyWay units connected to two terminals or PCsAC/DC converterDC PowerconnectorPower cable test antennaConsole cableEthernet PortSerial portDC Powerconnector1 12SkyWay 2AC/DC converterPower cabletest antennaConsole cableEthernet PortSerial port34234Scenario 2: Two SkyWay units Connected to One PCPC runningHypertermCOM1COM2SkyWay 1SkyWay 1
34Step Two:Preparing theComputerWorkstation for theBench TestUse the following steps to set up the administration console that you will use to moni-tor and configure the test. The following shows an example using a PC with Hyper-term set for VT-100 terminal emulation.1234Start a Hyperterminal Session:Under Windows, click Start,Accessories, Hyperterminal.Set up COM 1:In Connection Description:Select an iconEnter a name - for example:COM1 - SkyWay 1;COM2 - SkyWay 2Connect to COM1:In Connect To Dialog, atConnect Using:Select COM1 Set up COM1 properties:In COM1 Properties: choosethese port settings:BPS - 115200Data bits - 8Parity - noneStop bit - 1Flow control - noneSet VT-100 Emulation:In Hyperterminal, click File--Properties--settings tabChoose VT-100 EmulationClick ASCII buttonUncheck Wrap lines.... box.56DONERepeat Steps 1 - 5 for thesecond SkyWay:lf you are using only one PC, setup COM 2 port on the PC.If you are using two terminals orPCs, set up the other terminal orCOM 1 on the other PC.
Bench Test351. Start Hyperterminal on one of the workstations. (For Windows, go to Start|Acces-sories|Hyperterminal.)2. In the Connection DescriptionConnection DescriptionConnection DescriptionConnection Description box, select a name and icon.3. In the Connect ToConnect ToConnect ToConnect To box, at “Connect using”, select COM 1.4. In the COM 1 PropertiesCOM 1 PropertiesCOM 1 PropertiesCOM 1 Properties box, select the following port settings:• Bits per second: 115200• Data bits: 8• Parity: None• Stop: 1• Flow control: None5. From the Hyperterminal top menu, select File|Properties|Settings tab, and do the following:• From the Emulation menu, select “VT-100”.• Type the ASCII setup button, and clear the wrap lineswrap lineswrap lineswrap lines box.6. Start Hyperterminal again on the same workstation to open a new screen (if you have connected the SkyWay to two COM ports), or start Hyperterminal on a sec-ond workstation linked to the second SkyWay. Do the following:• In the Connection DescriptionConnection DescriptionConnection DescriptionConnection Description box, select a new name and icon.• In the Connect ToConnect ToConnect ToConnect To box, at “Connect Using,” select COM 2 if you are using one computer and two com ports. If you are using a second workstation, select COM 1.
36Step Three:Configuring theBench TestUse the following steps to set the parameters for running the bench test.Configure the RF SubDiagnostic Port:Go to the otherHyperterminal blank screenOR the other terminal.Repeat steps 1 thru 6,except the Port Type = RFSub Diagnostic Port foreach sub station unit.1.2.3.2 RF Diagnostic Port ConfigurationPort Number 3Configuration Status On-linePort Type RF-DLC Base Diagnostic PortMax Buffers 800Transmit Buffers 240Receive Buffers 180Maximum Frame Size 3200Record Type Valid172346Login to SkyWay1:Go to the first Hyperterminalblank screen (this will be theBase station).Press Enter to bring up theSKYWAY Login Screen.Enter "Solectek" as thedefault for both usernameand password.Cycle the port:Go to screen 2.2.1Generic Port andStatus ControlPort Number = 3Port Type = RF-DLC Base DiagnosticAdmin Status = CycleType Kt to write the changes andcycle the port. After a few seconds,Operation Status changes from"Transitioning...Up" to "Up Port."SkyWayModel_xxxVersion 1.0Solectek CorporationCopyright 1999 - All Rights ReservedSystem Name :System Location :User Name :Password :Configure the RF BaseDiag Port:At the Main Menu, type1232 to get to this screenPort Type=RF Base DiagType .W to write thechanges to the database 2.2.1 Generic Port Status and ControlPort Number 3Port Type RF-DLC Base Diagnostic PortPort Baud Rate 2 MbpsLargest Datagram Size 1492Physical Address 00:00:c4:1cc:91:45Administrative Status CycleOperational Status Up PortLast Status Change 0.01 secondsMaximum Transmit Buffers 512Configure the RF SubDiagnostic Port:Go to screen 1.2.3.3 to setthe RF Transceiver valuesbased on your Site Survey.Type .W to write thechanges to the database5 1.2.3.3 RF Transceiver ConfigurationRF Port RF Frequency RF Data Rate Scrambler Tap---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------------------3 2468 2 Mbps 72
Bench Test371. Go to the first Hyperterminal blank screen (which will serve as the “Base”).2. Ty p e E N T E RENTERENTERENTER to bring up the Login screen.3. Enter “Solectek” as the default for both username and password.Note To access a screen from another non-menu screen, press . followed by the screen number and press Enter, or return to the main menu and type the screen number. For tips on navigating the screens, see “ Navigating Through Menus and Screens” on page 13.4. The Main Menu for Run Time Application will appear. Type 1232 to access the RF Diagnostic Port Configuration screen. Make the following changes (setting may already be correct):• Port Type: RF-DLC Base Diagnostic Port• RF data rate: depends on configuration setting (2, 5.5 or 11 Mbps)Ty p e . W to apply the change. Return to the Main Menu.5. Press 1233 to access the RF Transceiver Configuration screen. Configure the fol-lowing values, based on information obtained during the site survey process:•RF Frequency• RF Data Rate•Scrambler TapTy p e .W to apply the change.6. Press 221 to access the Generic Port Status and Control screen. Make the follow-ing changes:•Port Number: 3 (RF Port)• Administrative Status: Install PortTy p e .W to apply the change. Make sure Administrative StatusAdministrative StatusAdministrative StatusAdministrative Status changes to Up Port. This demonstrates that the port is active.7. Go to the sub station screen. Repeat steps 2 through 6. In the RF Diagnostic Port Configuration screen (1232; step 4), Port TypePort TypePort TypePort Type must be RF-DLC Sub Diagnostic Port. Do this for each sub station included in the bench test.
38Step 4: Starting theBench TestThe two SkyWay units will now transmit information back and forth to test wireless performance.12434.1 RF Base Radio Test* Note - diagnostic driver must be installed *RF Port Number 3Test Timeout (NSL List) MillisecondsTest To Run Single Frame Ping Pong Mode Number of Frames or Bursts, 1 to 65535 or 0 for continuous : 0 Frame Length or Maximum Burst Size, 3 - 3200 bytes : 1530Set up the Base Station Test:Go to SkyWay1 (the basestation).Type QN to access thisscreenTest to Run = Single FramePing Pong ModeTest Timeout = depends onthe bandwidth:36 ms for 2 Mbs12 ms for 5.5 Mbs9 ms for 11 MbsType Kª to write the changesSet up the Sub Station Test:Go to SkyWay2 (the substation).Type QO to access thisscreenTest to Run = Single FramePing Pong ModeType Kª to write the changes4.2 RF Sub Radio Test* Note - diagnostic driver must be installed *RF Port Number 3Test to Run Single Frame Ping Pong ModeMonitor the test on the Sub:You are still at SkyWay2 (sub).Type OOQ to access thisscreenType Kw to clear thestatisticsType Kj to enter monitormode52.2.4 RF Port StatusPort Number 3Port Type Sub Port DiagnosticPort Status On-lineRF data rate 2 MbpsRF Channal 2468 MhzBytes IN 0 OUT 0Frames IN 0 OUT 0Discards IN 0 OUT 0Digital Phase Lock LoopFrame Length ViolationNon Octet Aligned FrameAbort SequenceCRC ErrorOverrunCarrier Detect LostUnderrunCTS LostMonitor the test on the Base:Go to SkyWay1 (the basestation)Repeat Step 5 - the Port Type isBase Port Diag67Check the results:Wait at least 30 seconds for anaccurate readingTotal the sum of the errors inthe errors column. The sumshould be less than 1% of thetotal number of framesreceived (IN).89Terminate the test:Go to screen 4.1.2 and changeTest to Run = Terminate TestType Kt to write the change
Bench Test391. Return to the base station.2. Access screen 4.1 Base Radio Test. Change the following:• Test to Run: Single Frame Ping Pong ModeThis mode means that the base station sends out frames one at a time, and the sub station returns them one at a time.• Test Timeout to the appropriate ms selection. Select 36 ms for 2 mb, 12 ms for 5.5 mb, and 9 ms for 11 mb.3. Go to the sub station.4. Access screen 4.2 (Sub Radio Test). Make the following change: Test to Run: Single Frame Ping Pong Mode5. Access the 224 screen (RF Port Status).•Type .Z to zero test values. •Type .M to monitor. You should see the numbers incrementing in the bytes and frames row, reflecting transmission of frames back and forth between base and sub. Wait at least 30 sec-onds to get an accurate reading.6. In the errors column on the lower left of the screen, total the sum of the errors. The sum should be less than 1% of the total number of frames received (in the “IN” location). To terminate the test, return to the “Base” screen, access screen 224, and change Test to RunTe s t t o R u nTe s t t o R u nTest to Run to Terminate.7. Go to the other screen (“Base”).8. Access the 224 screen (RF Port Status). • Press .Z to zero the data.• Press .M to enter monitor mode. Wait at least 30 seconds to get an accurate reading.• In the errors column on the lower left of the screen, total the sum of the errors. The sum should be less than 1% of the total number of frames received (in the “IN” location). To terminate the test, access screen 224, and change Test to RunTe s t t o R u nTe s t t o R u nTest to Run to Terminate.Step 5: Configurethe SkyWay forInstallationTo complete the configuration process, go to “Chapter 5: Configuring and Managing SkyWay” on page 57.
40
41Chapter 4: Chapter 4: Chapter 4: Chapter 4: Installing SkywayInstalling SkywayInstalling SkywayInstalling SkywayOnce you have performed a successful bench test and configured the units to your sat-isfaction, you are ready to install and connect them.This chapter contains the following information:Mounting the SkyWay Unit ............................................... 42Mounting to a Mast..................................................... 42Mounting to a Wall ..................................................... 44Setting Up the Antenna..................................................... 45Grounding Skyway and the Antenna.................................. 47Connecting Cabling .......................................................... 48Connecting an Antenna .............................................. 49Connecting to Power ................................................. 50Connecting to the Administration Console.................. 51Connecting to Your LAN ............................................ 53Routing Connected Cables ......................................... 48
42Mounting the SkyWay UnitMount The SkyWay Bridge/Router to an outdoor mast or wall.Mounting to a MastTo o l s :To o l s :To o l s :To o l s :• 13 mm hex socket wrench• Slotted screwdriverTo m o u n t t h eSkyWay to a mast:1. Place the mast-mounting bracket on a table with the flat side down.Use the third central pair of slots for seating a third clamp if you want extra clamp security.2. Thread two clamps into the outside pair of slots on the bracket. Make sure to thread them in the same direction. 3. Place the SkyWay face down. Place the bracket and clamp assembly over the rear of the SkyWay so that the four mounting holes align.4. Place one spring lock washer (P/N 1225201) on each mounting bolt.5. Using a 13 mm hex socket wrench, tighten a bolt and washer into each hole of the bracket to a maximum torque of 15-20 ft-lbs (to prevent stripping).P/N 1225001P/N 1225001P/N 1225001P/N 1225001P/N 1225501P/N 1225501P/N 1225501P/N 1225501P/N 1225401P/N 1225401P/N 1225401P/N 1225401P/N 1225201P/N 1225201P/N 1225201P/N 1225201
Mounting the SkyWay Unit436. Position the bracketed SkyWay against the mast with the connectors facing down-ward.Note: The mast should be a minimum of 1 in. (25.4 mm) outside diameter.7. Feed the end of each clamp around the mast into the locking mechanism at the other end. Using a slotted screwdriver or nut driver, tighten the clamp screws to a maximum torque of 45 ± 5 in-lbs.CAUTION: The mast to which you mount the Skyway and/or antenna should be grounded. If the mast is not grounded, see “Grounding Skyway and the Antenna” on page 47.Connector side downConnector side downConnector side downConnector side down
44Mounting to a WallThe wall mount kit is optional and may be purchased separately.To o l s :To o l s :To o l s :To o l s :• 13 mm wrench1. Place the SkyWay face down.2. Align the two brackets over the SkyWay unit’s bolt holes, either along the length or width of the unit.3. Insert bolts and tighten with a 13 mm wrench.Note: The bolts can be found in the Mast Kit, which is always shipped with SkyWay.4. Fasten the SkyWay to the wall using the slider slots and bolts (not supplied), making sure the SkyWay’s connectors face downward.CAUTION: The surface to which you mount the Skyway and/or antenna should be grounded. If the surface is not grounded, see “Grounding Skyway and the Antenna” on page 47.P/N 1225101P/N 1225101P/N 1225101P/N 1225101www.solectek.comwww.solectek.comConnector side downConnector side downConnector side downConnector side down
Setting Up the Antenna45Setting Up the AntennaSkyway requires an RF antenna to receive and transmit signal effectively.Selecting the AntennaSolectek supplies one of several different antennas, including both sectoral and omni models. Solectek’s systems engineers will assist you with antenna selection, taking into account factors such as usage (point-to-point or multi-point), distance to substations, and interference from nearby antennas.Apart from the two omnidirectional antennas (7002301 6 dBi and 7002401 11 dBi), all Solectek antennas are designed to be used as bridge antennas between two networks or for point-to-point communications in the ISM band (2.4 GHz) only.Before You Mount the AntennaFollow these guidelines before and during installation of the SkyWay antennas:1. Avoid reflective environments: Avoid reflective environments: Avoid reflective environments: Avoid reflective environments: Where possible, avoid mounting antennas in a “reflective environment” (i.e., near objects that can reflect radio energy back to the antenna). Signal reflections from nearby objects are seen as noise by radio trans-ceivers, and can adversely affect the range or quality of your wireless link. Exam-ples of such objects include the following:• Trees or bushes•Buildings• Air conditioning units and ductwork•Other radio antennas• Building structures made of any material such as steel, brick, or wood• Construction vehicles and equipment2. Follow precise and safe handling procedures:Follow precise and safe handling procedures:Follow precise and safe handling procedures:Follow precise and safe handling procedures:• Do not perform antenna installation by yourself. Some antennas are large and hard to handle, especially when changing polarity or performing the final mounting on the mast. You need a second person to align the antenna, so try to schedule as much antenna work as possible when at least two workers are available.• Use a bubble level (carpenter’s level) to make sure all antennas are level with the horizon. See Appendix K for details related to specific antennas. For anten-nas mounted to the wall, you may need additional spacers or washers to obtain a level installation.
463. Mount antennas securely: Mount antennas securely: Mount antennas securely: Mount antennas securely: A small movement of the antenna caused by an insecure mount or weak mast results in a huge sweep at the other end of the link miles away. • Make sure the antenna is bolted securely to the mast. • Always use appropriate guy wires (see your local building codes for recom-mendations and requirements). • Weight non-penetrating roof mounts securely with concrete blocks or other ballast.4. Handle the antenna RF cable carefully: Handle the antenna RF cable carefully: Handle the antenna RF cable carefully: Handle the antenna RF cable carefully: Maintain a 12-inch bend radius if possible. Do not walk on or kink the cable. A kinked cable causes severe signal attenuation, and can cause the link to fail.Mounting the AntennaConnect one of the available antennas to the mast using the appropriate clamping or bolting apparatus. For more information, see “Appendix K: Skyway Antennas” on page 213.
Grounding Skyway and the Antenna47Grounding Skyway and the AntennaWarning: Ungrounded or improperly grounded antennas constitute a hazard to personnel and Ungrounded or improperly grounded antennas constitute a hazard to personnel and Ungrounded or improperly grounded antennas constitute a hazard to personnel and Ungrounded or improperly grounded antennas constitute a hazard to personnel and equipment. A lightning strike on or near an improperly grounded antenna can cause equipment. A lightning strike on or near an improperly grounded antenna can cause equipment. A lightning strike on or near an improperly grounded antenna can cause equipment. A lightning strike on or near an improperly grounded antenna can cause severe injury or death as well as equipment destruction. Any Solectek equipment severe injury or death as well as equipment destruction. Any Solectek equipment severe injury or death as well as equipment destruction. Any Solectek equipment severe injury or death as well as equipment destruction. Any Solectek equipment damaged by lightning is considered to have been damaged by an Act of God, and is not damaged by lightning is considered to have been damaged by an Act of God, and is not damaged by lightning is considered to have been damaged by an Act of God, and is not damaged by lightning is considered to have been damaged by an Act of God, and is not covered under warranty.covered under warranty.covered under warranty.covered under warranty.Solectek antennas (2.4 GHz) and the SkyWay Bridge/Router do not require additional grounding when mounted on antenna masts that are properly grounded per local elec-trical and building codes.Supply grounding if the SkyWay and its antenna are mounted on a non-penetrating roof mount, a wall, or an ungrounded wooden mast. In these cases, attach one end of a bond wire to one of the bolts on the SkyWay bracket. Attach the other end to another mast (properly grounded), a building ground, or an NEC ground.
48Connecting CablingThe SkyWay connects to the antenna by means of a LMR-400 RF cable.The SkyWay connects to power and to the terminal, terminal emulator or LAN by means of three cables: •power•console• data (Ethernet copper or fiber)The three cables route into the building.Routing Connected CablesBefore you begin connecting the SkyWay, consider where the cables should be routed. within the building. SkyWay’s design enables you to route each cable to its most logi-cal/convenient location. These locations may not be in the same room or even on the same floor. For example, it may make the most sense to route the power to a utility room on the top floor, the console to a secured room on the second floor, and the Ethernet to your LAN room on the first floor:The length of the cables you ordered determines the maximum distance for each connection.Be sure to secure the cables to the mast at intervals to protect the cables and the connection.www.solectek.comUtility Room for PowerUtility Room for PowerUtility Room for PowerUtility Room for PowerSecured Room for ConsoleSecured Room for ConsoleSecured Room for ConsoleSecured Room for ConsoleLANLANLANLANroomroomroomroomSkyWaySkyWaySkyWaySkyWaymountmountmountmount
Connecting Cabling49Connecting an AntennaThe LMR-400 RF cable connects the SkyWay with the antenna above it on the mast.To connect an RFcable:1. Making sure the threads are properly aligned, tighten the cable’s connector bolt snugly over the SkyWay’s RF connector port using a 13/16 in wrench. Hand-tighten another 1/4 turn to lock it in place.2. Similarly connect the other end of the RF cable to the antenna’s connector.Note: Allow sufficient slack in the cable for a maximum turning radius of 1 ft.3. Seal the connections to both the antenna and the SkyWay with “Coax Seal” (P/N 10702) to prevent water entry.www.solectek.comSlack for 1 ft turning radiusSlack for 1 ft turning radiusSlack for 1 ft turning radiusSlack for 1 ft turning radiusAntennaAntennaAntennaAntennaLMR-400 cableLMR-400 cableLMR-400 cableLMR-400 cable
50Connecting to PowerSkyWay requires DC power to operate. Solectek supplies an AC-to-DC converter and a weather-rated DC power cable.To c o n n e c t S k y Wa yto power:1. Connect the power cable’s 3-pin connector to the SkyWay power port. Plug in and lock clockwise.2. Connect the opposite (indoor) end to the supplied AC/DC converter.Note: For extra power protection, plug the AC power cord into a UPS (200 W minimum).www.solectek.comPower portPower portPower portPower portAntennaAntennaAntennaAntennaLMR-400 cableLMR-400 cableLMR-400 cableLMR-400 cableDrip loop andDrip loop andDrip loop andDrip loop andCable slackCable slackCable slackCable slackConduit Conduit Conduit Conduit exitexitexitexitor routingor routingor routingor routingAC sourceAC sourceAC sourceAC sourceCable from roofCable from roofCable from roofCable from roof AC power cordAC power cordAC power cordAC power cordAC/DC converterAC/DC converterAC/DC converterAC/DC converter
Connecting Cabling51Connecting to the Administration ConsoleUse this connection to:• make and apply configuration settings to the unit• monitor performance• obtain transmission statisticsSolectek supplies an RS-422 weather-rated cable and an RS-422-to-RS-232 converter for connecting to a serial communications port on the console or modem.Connect a terminal directly to the unit's RS-422 port to provide secure access for a sin-gle console.Note: You can use a modem to provide remote console access to all of SkyWay’s configura-tion features. You may also use SNMP Manager on a workstation connected to the LAN to access most of Skyway’s configuration objects. For security reasons, however, not all SkyWay’s features are available using SNMP.
52To c o n n e c t d i r e c t l yto a administrationconsole:1. Connect the console cable’s 6-pin connector to the SkyWay console port. Plug in and lock clockwise.2. Route the cable to the console, being sure to create a drip loop.3. Connect the cable at the opposite (indoor) end of the console cable (DB-9 con-nector) to the RS-422 converter, then to the serial communication port on the console terminal or terminal emulator.To c o n n e c t t o adedicated modemand data line:1. Connect and route the console cable as described above, except that you will con-nect the cable to a modem, rather than the terminal or terminal emulator.2. Connect a standard phone cable from the modem to the dedicated data line wall jack. For more information on configuring the modem and accessing the SkyWay remotely, see “Accessing the SkyWay Bridge/Router” on page 22.www.solectek.comAdministration ConsoleAdministration ConsoleAdministration ConsoleAdministration ConsoleportportportportDrip loop andDrip loop andDrip loop andDrip loop andCable slackCable slackCable slackCable slack
Connecting Cabling53Connecting to Your LANConnect the SkyWay to your LAN via copper or fiber optic cable.Copper cable. The 10 Base-T/100 Base-TX (twisted pair) cable is available in 100, 200, and 300 foot lengths. This cable is terminated on the indoor side with a standard RJ-45 connector and is intended to be connected to an Ethernet hub or switch. If a cable length of longer than 300 feet is needed, you must order the SkyWay configured to use a fiberoptic LAN connection. See “Fiberoptic cable” on this page for more infor-mation.Fiberoptic cable. Fiberoptic cable is available in longer lengths. Fiberoptic cable transmission is not affected by the noise that can affect a copper cable, because electri-cal transmission is converted into optical transmission. This cable is terminated on the indoor side with a standard S/C fiberoptic connector and is intended to be connected to a fiberoptic port on an Ethernet hub or switch.To connect anEthernet cable:1. Connect the Ethernet cable’s 8-pin connector (10 Base-T/100 Base-TX) or 2-pin connector (100 Base-FX) to the Ethernet port. Plug in and lock clockwise.2. Route the cable to the console, being sure to create a drip loop.www.solectek.comEthernet portEthernet portEthernet portEthernet port(copper or fiber)(copper or fiber)(copper or fiber)(copper or fiber)Drip loop andDrip loop andDrip loop andDrip loop andCable slackCable slackCable slackCable slack
543. Connect the opposite (indoor) end of the Ethernet cable to the appropriate Ether-net port (RJ-45 or S/C) on your LAN hub or switch.
Antenna Alignment and RF Link Verification55Antenna Alignment and RF Link VerificationOnce the system is installed and the antennas are mounted, you must ensure that you have proper antenna alignment to maximize the efficiency of your RF Links. To verify that the original antenna placement was satisfactory to bring up the RF link before start-ing, use the 2.5.2 RF-DLC Sub Port Status screen (described on page 143). If not, check the azimuth settings from your design and realign the antennas. Once you have established a link, you can utilize the ICMP Ping Utility located on the 3.2 screen (described on page 109) to help establish your baseline settings as viewed in the 2.5.4 RF-DLC Signal Status screen (described on page 147).Note You will need two people for this operation.1. At the base station configure ICMP for the IP address of the substation you are going to align.2. Set the payload size to “64”.3. Set the Maximum Number of Packets to “9999999”.4. Set Delay between Packets to “0”.5. Set Ping Operation to “Start Ping”.6. Press .W to initiate the process.At the base station, monitor the 2.5.4 RF-DLC Signal Status screen. Have the other person adjust the sub station antenna while you monitor the link for the largest SL value and the fewest number of Time-outs.Once you have the best values you can acquire, record these readings. Then repeat the above steps for each sub station in the cluster.
56
57Chapter 5: Chapter 5: Chapter 5: Chapter 5: Configuring and Managing SkyWayConfiguring and Managing SkyWayConfiguring and Managing SkyWayConfiguring and Managing SkyWayYou can access the SkyWay Bridge/Router locally or remotely for configuration and management. The local console provides a menu-based user interface you can use to set up all of the SkyWay’s configuration features and to run diagnostics.This chapter gives you step-by-step procedures for configuring the SkyWay Bridge/Router for your implementation.This chapter contains the following information:Setting System Configuration Parameters........................... 59Understanding RF-DLC .................................................... 65Configuring the Ports ........................................................ 69Bridging ............................................................................ 88IP Routing......................................................................... 93Internet Control Message Protocol.................................. 102SNMP ............................................................................ 103Diagnostics ..................................................................... 104File Transfer Utilities ........................................................ 112Security .......................................................................... 123
58Configuring SkyWaySkyWay configuration can be divided into this sequence:• Configuring System, Network Management, and User parameters• Configuring the Port Parameters, which includes the RF Link Layer• Configuring for Bridging and Spanning Tree• Configuring for IP RoutingFor many of the parameters, you can simply accept the default values. In this Guide, each configuration parameter is described in a table following the screen. The table includes the field name, MIB OID, and valid configuration settings, with the default set-ting in bold if applicable.Configuration Features AvailableThe following table provides an overview of the configuration features available from both the Administrative Console and SNMP for each of the SkyWay’s major functions: FunctionFunctionFunctionFunction ConsoleConsoleConsoleConsole SNMPSNMPSNMPSNMP CommentCommentCommentCommentNetwork Man-agement System, Date and TimeXXAllows you to configure the network management system, date and time.Network Man-agement Secu-rity, Adding UsersXScreens 1.1.1 Network Management Security and 1.1.3 User Access Con-figuration Menu are not accessible via SNMP.Port Configura-tionX X Allows you to configure the serial port, Ethernet port, RF ports, and manually accept sub stations.Configuring for BridgingX X Allows you to configure bridging and spanning tree operations.Configuring for RoutingX X Allows you to enable and configure IP routingConfiguration SummaryX X Allows you to obtain a summary of system configuration, bridge configu-ration, and router configuration.
Setting System Configuration Parameters59Setting System Configuration ParametersSkyWay’s system parameters fall into four main areas:•Network Management Security• Network Management System• User Access• General ParametersSetting Network Management Security ParametersUse screen 1.1.1 to set up security parameters for network management. To access this screen, you must have an access level of Super. This screen is not accessible via SNMP.1.1.1 Network Management Security ConfigurationThe following table lists the field name and settings (there are no MIB OIDs for this screen):Field Name Settings (default in bold)Read Community Name publicThe read-only community name of the SkyWay agent. Must match community name configured on the Network Management Station (NMS).Write Community NameThe read-write community name of the SkyWay agent. Must match community name configured on the NMS.1.1.1. Network Management Security Configuration Network Management Configuration: --------------------------------- Read Community Name : public Write Community Name : Trap Community Name : Enable Traps : No Authentication Traps : No NMS IP Address 1 : 000.000.000.000 NMS IP Address 2 : 000.000.000.000 Trap Destination IP Address 1 : 000.000.000.000 Trap Destination IP Address 2 : 000.000.000.000 \ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
60Trap Community NameThe trap community name of the SkyWay agent. If you set Enable Traps to Yes and the NMS expects SNMP traps with community name, this field must match com-munity name configured on the NMS.Enable Traps ••••NoNoNoNo•YesSet to Yes to enable SkyWay to log and transmit SNMP traps. Set a Trap Destina-tion Address to send traps to the NMS.Authentication Traps NoSet to Yes to cause a trap when an SNMP packet is received with an incorrect com-munity name.NMS IP Address 1The IP address of the first NMS. This address setting is optional when using a NMS. This provides an extra layer of security by forcing the IP addresses to match.NMS IP Address 2The IP address of the second Network Management station. This address setting is optional when using a NMS. This provides an extra layer of security by forcing the IP addresses to match.Trap Destination IP Address 1The IP address of the first NMS to receive SkyWay SNMP traps. Enable Traps must be set to Yes.Trap Destination IP Address 2The IP address of the second NMS to receive SkyWay SNMP traps. Enable Traps must be set to Yes.Field Name Settings (default in bold)
Setting System Configuration Parameters61Setting Network Management System ParametersUse screen 1.1.2 to set up the system parameters for network management. 1.1.2 Network Management System ConfigurationField Name MIB Settings (default in bold)System Description sysDescr Solectek Corporation SkyWayA read-only field describing the entity.System Contact sysContactThis is an optional field where you can specify the person to contact, plus phone, pager, or email information.System Name sysNameThis is an optional field where you can specify the name of this unit. It appears on the Login screen.System Location sysLocationThis is an optional field where you can specify the physical location of this unit. It appears on the Login screen.1.1.2. Network Management System Configuration System Description : Solectek Corporation SkyWay System Contact : System Name : System Location : \ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
62Adding Users and Setting Access LevelsTo access this screen, you must have an access level of Super. This screen is not acces-sible via SNMP.1.1.3.1 Add a UserField NameUserA 16-character field where you can enter a user name. This field is case-sensitive.PasswordA 20-character field where you can enter the user’s password. This field is case-sen-sitive.Confirm PasswordUse this field to confirm the password.User Level •Standard•SuperSuper users can enter security screens and create other users.Current Number of UsersThe total number of defined users in the database. 1.1.3.1. Add a User User : Password : Confirm Password : User Level : Standard Current number of users: 2 \ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
Setting System Configuration Parameters63Displaying a List of UsersUse screen 1.1.3.2 to see a list of users and their access levels. To access this screen, you must have an access level of Super. This screen is not accessible via SNMP.1.1.3.2 UsersField Name Settings (default in bold)UserName of the user.PasswordThe user’s password.Confirm passwordA confirmation of the user’s password.Level ••••StandardStandardStandardStandard•SuperAccess level for this user.Status •••• ValidValidValidValid• InvalidIndicates if this user is currently a valid user.1.1.3.2. Users Record 1 of 2 User Password Confirm Password Level Status ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- -------- ------- Super Valid Standard Valid\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
64Setting the System Date and TimeUse 1.1.4 General Parameters Configuration to set the system date and time.1.1.4 General Parameters ConfigurationField Name MIB SettingsDate swCurrDay, swCurr-Month, SwCurrYearThe system date in DD-MMM-YYYY format.Time swCurrTimeThe system time in HH:MM:SS format.1.1.4. General Parameters Configuration Date : 10 Feb 2000 Time : 14:24:36 \ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
Understanding RF-DLC65Understanding RF-DLCThe following is a discussion of the RF-DLC protocol, which provides you with back-ground information before you begin configuration.The RF-DLC ProtocolRF-DLC is a proprietary protocol based on the HDLC protocol. It is a polling protocol for star-based networks with a base station and one or more substations, and partici-pates in transmitting frames from one station to another. The base station controls communications with each sub station and maintains the RF link. The base station com-municates with one sub station at a time. The sub stations communicate only with the base station and not with each other.In the following diagram showing a point-to-multipoint configuration, the base station communicates with the sub stations in a star topology.In a point-to-point configuration, there is one base station and one sub station.Automatic Discovery ProtocolWhen a sub station begins operation, it can receive packets but may not be able to fully communicate with the base station until the base station is configured to recognize it. RF-DLC uses another protocol called Automatic Discovery Protocol (ADP) to learn about a sub station and begin communicating with it. Once the base station assigns a sub-station number to the sub station, the base station then uses the RF-DLC protocol to continue communications.Enabling ADPThe base station is enabled for ADP on the RF-DLC base port by default. With ADP enabled, the base station can use ADP to identify and set up an unassigned sub station. The discovery process is outlined below.With ADP enabled, you must choose the ADP mode, which specifies how the sub sta-tion handles broadcasts: either Auto Acceptance or Manual Acceptance.
66•Using Auto Acceptance, the base station automatically accepts the sub station.•Using Manual Acceptance, you must manually accept each sub station by enabling the Accept Status field (in “1.2.3.1.4 ADP Substation Configuration” on page 81) for that Sub Station Number.Disabling ADPWhen configuring the base station, you may choose to disable ADP, which can result in reduced overhead. If you disable ADP, you must manually assign the base sub ports for the sub stations by using 1.2.3.1.3 RF Base Sub Port Configuration, described in detail on page 80. to enter the Sub-Station Number and IP address information. On the sub station, you must also manually set up the RF sub ports, entering in the same Sub-Station Number in “1.2.3.1.2 RF Sub Port Configuration” on page 78.If ADP is disabled, the ADP polling operation does not apply (see “ADP Discovery Pro-cess” on this page).ADP Discovery ProcessThe discovery process is as follows when ADP is enabled:• The base station is not yet aware of the sub station, and the sub station is waiting for an ADP request from the base. The base station sends out a broadcast request at the broadcast address of 255.• The sub station replies to the broadcast with its IP address.• The base station sends another broadcast to assign the station address (Sub-sta-tion Number). The base station assigns the next available address to the sub sta-tion. This is the base sub port address for the sub station in the range of 256 to 512. • The base station can now communicate with the sub station using RF-DLC frames:
Understanding RF-DLC67RF-DLC Frame TypesRF-DLC frames contain an address field which defines the sub station address, broad-cast address, or group address. RF-DLC frames also contain a control field containing commands, responses, and counts used to maintain the link. The control field formats are:• Unnumbered - used to initialize the sub station and send information using an unreliable mechanism.• Supervisory - used to acknowledge the receipt of information frames, convey ready or busy conditions, and report frame numbering errors.• Information Transfer - used to transfer data using a reliable mechanism. Infor-mation frames are numbered, meaning the control field contains Ns counts, which ensure frames are received in their proper order, and Nr counts, which confirm that information frames were received and accepted.The RF-DLC frame also contains a CRC bit for error checking.RF-DLC Commands and ResponsesThe base station sends a command to the sub station, which sends back a response. Commands and Responses are of Unnumbered, Supervisory, or Information format.Note The 2.5.1 Base Port Status screen provides the status of frame activity. For descriptions of RF-DLC commands and responses, see 2.5.1 RF-DLC Base Port Status, described in detail on page 140, and 2.5.2 RF-DLC Sub Port Status, described in detail on page 143. PollingThe base station polls the substations one at a time to see if they have packets to send to the base station.The base station manages three poll lists to which it assigns devices, based on their activity:•Substations on the Fast PollFast PollFast PollFast Poll list are constantly being polled one at a time in order by the base. The polling frequency is contingent upon the number of substations.• A substation drops to Slow PollSlow PollSlow PollSlow Poll if it does not respond to the base station in 4 times with no response. A sub can also drop to Slow Poll if it responds with “n” RRs and there is no data in either direction.• A substation drops to Inactive PollInactive PollInactive PollInactive Poll if either of the following events occurs:•While being on Slow Poll, the sub does not respond to the base in 8 tries.•It is the only sub station to respond to the base with RR responses and no data in either direction.Consider a base station with three sub stations on the fast poll list, two substations on the slow poll list, and one on the inactive poll list. The slow poll timer is set to one
68minute and the inactive timer is set to five minutes. The slow poll timer’s value is always less then that of the inactive timer.The base station polls the fast poll sub stations until one minute has passed. Then it polls the sub stations on the slow poll list, then moves back to poll the fast poll sub sta-tions, and continues in this fashion until five minutes has passed. The base station then polls the inactive sub station and always broadcasts an ADP packet, if ADP is enabled.Error Detection and RecoveryI-frames (data frames) can contain several Bridged-Ethernet frames or routed IP data-grams. They are sequence numbered: Ns is the frame number, Nr is an ACK, meaning all frames 'r' were received.If the base station gets an I-frame out of sequence, it assumes one was missed and sends out a reject packet. Errors are handled as follows:• If Ns gets ahead by one, the packet is rejected. The other side retransmits.• If Nr changes and a frame is acknowledged but was not sent out, the base sends back a disconnect to the sub station, or the sub station sends a FRMR (Frame reject response) to the base station. This is a logical disconnect, the RF physical link is maintained.• The sub station resets and the base makes an attempt to re-establishes the RF-DLC session on the next polling cycle.
Configuring the Ports69Configuring the PortsHow you configure the SkyWay Bridge/Router depends on your network topology. Configure each unit separately depending on its role as a base station or sub station, and its function as a bridge, router, or both bridge and router.Note Serial Port configuration is discussed in Chapter 2 (see “1.2.1.1 Serial Port Configura-tion” on page 24).Before you BeginThe following helps you determine how to configure the unit:1. Decide if the unit will be a base station or a sub station.2. Decide if the unit will perform bridging, routing, or both bridging and routing. The default configuration is bridging enabled, routing disabled.3. If you are configuring the unit for routing, have the IP configuration data ready (IP address, IP Mask, etc.).When you make changes to the screens and type .W, you update the configuration database. However, for some changes, such as configuring the RF ports, you must cycle the port to start the new configuration. This is described in “Configuring the Sky-Way as a Base Station” on page 69.Obtaining IP AddressesIP network addresses are unique numbers assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) (see RFC 2050). See your system manager to obtain IP addresses. If your network is not connected to the Internet directly or indirectly, see RFC 1918, which defines class C addresses in the range of 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.0 that you may use.Setting up IP AddressesEach unit, whether a base station or a sub station, must have a unique IP address for the RF port, even if you are enabling bridging only. The system derives the RF MAC address from the RF IP address. If you are enabling routing, you also need to set up the IP address for the Ethernet port (for more information, see “1.4.2 IP Port Configura-tion” on page 95).Configuring the SkyWay as a Base Station1. Set up a unique IP address for the RF Port.a. Go to screen 1.4.2 IP Port Configuration, described in detail on page 95.b. For Port # 3 (the RF port), enter the IP Address and the IP Mask.c. Press .W to update the database.
702. Configure the RF Transceiver settings: RF Frequency, RF Data Rate, and Scrambler Ta p Va lu e s .a. Go to screen 1.2.3.3 RF Transceiver Configuration, described in detail on page 72.b. Set the RF Frequency, RF Data Rate, and Scrambler Tap values.c. Press .W to update the database.3. Invalidate the RF Diagnostics Port configuration. As shipped, the default RF port is the RF-DLC Sub Diagnostics Port. You must invalidate it before setting the RF port up as a base port. a. Go to 1.2.3.2 RF Diagnostic Port Configuration, described in detail on page 73. The port number is 3, and the port type is Sub Diag, which is the default.b. Set the Record Type field to Invalid.c. Press .W to remove this configuration record from the database.4. Configure the RF port as a base port.a. Go to 1.2.3.1.1 RF Base Port Configuration, described in detail on page 74.b. Press .A. This automatically adds port 3 as a base port. The fields now contain the default settings.5. Accept the defaults or change the base port configuration settings:• Configuration Status - You might want to set this Off-line to complete configur-ing all your units, then change the configuration status of all units to On-line before rebooting (see step 5).• Max Buffers - these are the message buffers for the system.• Transmit and Receive Buffers - these are shared between the serial and RF ports. There are 512 total.• Maximum Frame Size - The physical MTU (not configurable).• Slow Polling Timeout - number of seconds that elapse before the base station checks the sub stations on the slow poll list.• First Sub Station Number - logical address of the first sub station (default is 256).• Last Sub Station Number - logical address of the last sub station in the topol-ogy.• Automatic Discovery Protocol - if enabled, the base station uses ADP to send broadcasts to the sub stations. You must also configure the ADP mode. If dis-abled, ADP mode does not apply, there fore you must manually configure the base station for the base sub ports (see “Configuring the Base Sub Ports” on page 80).
Configuring the Ports71• ADP mode - applies only if Automatic Discovery Protocol is enabled. Auto Acceptance is the default. If you set ADP mode to Manual Acceptance, you must configure the base station to manually accept the sub stations.• ADP Timeout Interval - applies only if Automatic Discovery Protocol is enabled.When finished setting the base port configuration, type .W to update the database.6. Initialize the RF port. At this point, you have made the changes to the database, but before the changes take affect, you must initialize the port. There are two ways to do this:• Cycle the port:a. Go to 2.2.1 Generic Port Status and Control. b. Type 3 (or .N until the port number is 3). c. Set the Administrative Status field to Cycle. d. Type .W Cycle evacuates the port, eliminates the driver, reads the database, reinstalls the driver, and brings up the port.• Reset the unit:a. Go to the Main Menub. Type 5 (Start Application).c. Choose Run Time as the Application to Start. This reloads the updated database containing the new configuration parame-ters.You can configure only one base station, but you can configure as many as 64 sub stations.
721.2.3.3 RF Transceiver ConfigurationUse this screen to set RF Frequency, RF Data Rate, and Scrambler Tap values.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)RF Port [swRFTransCfgIndex] 3The RF port number is 3.RF Frequency [swRFTransCfgFre-quency]2468 MhzThe transmitted and received frequency for this SkyWay. This setting must match all other stations communicating with this SkyWay.RF Data Rate [swRFTransCfgDataRate] • 2 Mbps• 5.5 Mbps• 11 MbpsThis setting must match all other stations communicating with this SkyWay.Scrambler Tap [swRFTransCfgScramb-lerTap]72Determines how the SkyWay scrambles data between two units. This setting must match all other stations communicating with this SkyWay.1.2.3.3. RF Transceiver Configuration Record 1 of 1 RF Port RF Frequency RF Data Rate Scrambler Tap ------- ------------ ----------- ------------ 3 2468 Mhz 2 Mbps 72\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
Configuring the Ports73RF Diagnostics PortThere are two diagnostic ports, the RF-DLC Base Diagnostic port and the RF-DLC Sub Diagnostic port. Both of these use the control interface of the RF driver to perform RF diagnostics.1.2.3.2 RF Diagnostic Port ConfigurationThe following table lists the field name, the MIB name, and field options with the default setting in bold:Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)Port Number [swRFDiagPortIndex] 3The RF port number.Configuration Status [swRFDiagPortConfigSta-tus]• On-line• Off-lineDetermines if this port is initialized upon reset. Off-line prevents the port from being initialized upon reset.Port Type [swRFDiagPortPorttype] RF Sub Diagnostics PortRF Sub Diagnostic port.Max Buffers [swRFDiagPortMax-Buffers]800The number of message buffers.Transmit Buffers [swRFDiagPortTransDesc] 240The number of transmit buffers.1.2.3.2 RF Diagnostic Port Configuration Record 1 of 3 Port Number :3 Configuration Status :On-line Port Type :RF-DLC SUB Diagnostic Port Max Buffers :800 Transmit Buffers :240 Receive Buffers :180 Maximum Frame Size :1549 Record Type :Valid\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
741.2.3.1.1 RF Base Port ConfigurationThe following table lists the field name, MIB, and settings with the default setting in bold. If only one setting is shown, it is the default:Receive Buffers [swRFDiagPortRecvDesc] 180The number of receive buffers.Maximum Frame Size [swRFDiagPortmax-FrameSize]3200The physical MTU, or largest frame that can be transmitted. This field is not config-urable.Record Type [swRFDiagPort] • Valid• InvalidThe status of this configuration.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)Port Number [swRFBasePortIndex] 3The RF port number.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold) 1.2.3.1.1 RF Base Port Configuration Record 1 of 1 Port Number : 3 Configuration Status : Off-line Port Type : RF-DLC Base Port Max Buffers : 800 Transmit Buffers : 240 Receive Buffers : 180 Maximum Frame Size : 3200 Slow Polling Timeout-seconds : 15 First Sub Station Number : 256 Last Sub Station Number : 287 Automatic Discovery Protocol : Enabled ADP Mode : Auto Acceptance ADP Timeout Interval-seconds : 60 Record Type : Valid\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
Configuring the Ports75Configuration Status [swRFBasePortConfigSta-tus•••• Off-lineOff-lineOff-lineOff-line• On-lineDetermines if the port is initialized upon reset. Off-line prevents the port from initial-izing upon reset.Port Type [swRFBasePortPortType] RF-DLC Base PortThis is a read-only field that defines this port as a base port.Max Buffers [swRFBasePortMax-Buffers]800The number of message buffers allocated to this base port.Transmit Buffers [swRFBasePortTrans-Desc]240The number of transmit buffers.Receive Buffers [swRFBasePortRecvDesc] 180The number of receive buffers.Maximum Frame Size [swRFBasePortMax-FrameSize]3200This is a read-only field that sets the physical MTU, or largest frame that can be transmitted from this port.Slow Polling Timeout [swRFBasePortSlow-PollTO]15 secondsThe slow poll time out interval in seconds.First Sub Station Number [swRFBasePortFirstSub-Addr]256The first possible sub station number. Last Sub Station Number [swRFBasePortLastSub-Addr]287The last possible sub station number.Automatic Discovery Pro-tocol[swRFBasePortADP] ••••EnabledEnabledEnabledEnabled• DisabledDetermines if Automatic Discovery Protocol is running. If enabled, you must also specify the ADP mode.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)
76ADP Mode [swRFBasePortADP-Mode]Auto AcceptanceApplies only if ADP is enabled. Auto Acceptance means the base station automati-cally accepts sub stations. Manual Acceptance means you must manually accept the sub stations (see “1.2.3.1.4 ADP Substation Configuration” on page 81).ADP Timeout Interval - seconds[swRFBasePortADPTO] 60Applies only if ADP is enabled. Determines how often (in seconds) the base stations sends an ADP broadcast.Record Type: [swRFBasePortType] • Invalid• ValidIndicates the status of this base port configuration. If valid, this base port configura-tion is enabled. If invalid, this port is removed as a base port after the next reset.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)
Configuring the Ports77Configuring the SkyWay as a Sub StationConfigure the sub station in much the same way as you set up the base station. Config-uration is simpler, however, because you do not have as many configuration parame-ters to set up.1. Configure the RF Transceiver settings: RF Frequency, RF Data Rate, and Scrambler Tap Values. Make sure these settings correspond to the base station settings for these fields.a. Go to screen 1.2.3.3 RF Transceiver Configuration, described in detail on page 72.b. Set the RF Frequency, RF Data Rate, and Scrambler Tap values.c. Press .W to update the database.2. Invalidate the RF Diagnostics Sub Port. As shipped, the default RF port is set to the RF diagnostics sub port. You must invalidate it before setting the RF port up as a base port. a. Go to 1.2.3.2 RF Diagnostic Port Configuration, described in detail on page 73. The port number is 3, and the default port type is Sub Diag.b. Set the Record Type field to Invalid to remove this configuration record from the database.c. Type .W to update the database.3. Configure the RF port as a sub port. a. Go to “1.2.3.1.2 RF Sub Port Configuration” on page 78.b. Press .A. This automatically adds port 3 as a sub port and allows you to begin editing the screen.c. Leave Max Buffers, Transmit and Receive Buffers at the default settings.d. Set the Sub-Station Number. This is the base sub port address; for exam-ple, 256. If ADP is enabled, you do not need to enter a sub-station num-ber. If ADP is disabled, you must enter a station number. It is the next available RF Base Sub Port number determined during network setup.e. Set RF data rate to the same value as the base station.f. Set Link Down Timeout Interval (only if ADP is enabled). This timer speci-fies the amount of time in milliseconds the sub station can be inactive before going into ADP mode.g. Type .W to update the database.4. Set up a unique IP address for the RF Port.a. Go to screen 1.4.2 IP Port Configuration, described in detail on page 95.b. For Port # 3 (the RF port), enter the IP Address and the IP Mask.c. Type .W to update the database.5. Reset or cycle the port as described in step 5 of “Configuring the SkyWay as a Base Station” on page 69.
781.2.3.1.2 RF Sub Port ConfigurationNote Ty p e .A to begin editing the screen.Use this screen to set the sub station port parameters. The following table lists the field name, MIB, and the default, or field options with the default in bold:1.2.3.1.2 RF Sub Port Configuration Record 0 of 0 Port Number :3 Configuration Status :On-line Port Type :RF-DLC Sub Port Max Buffers :800 Transmit Buffers :240 Receive Buffers :180 Maximum Frame Size :3200 Sub Station Number :0 Link down Timeout Interval (1.5 msec) :320 Record Type :Valid\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - editField Name MIB Settings (default in bold)Port Number: [swRFSubPortIndex] 3The RF physical port number is 3.Configuration Status: [swRFSubPortConfigSta-tus]•••• On-lineOn-lineOn-lineOn-line• Off-lineDetermines if the port is initialized when a reset occurs. Set Off-line to prevent the port from initializing upon reset. Online initializes the port upon reset.Port Type [swRFSubPortPortType] Sub PortThis read-only field defines this port as a sub station port.Max Buffers: [swRFSubPortMaxBuffers] 800The number of message buffers allocated to this sub station port.Transmit Buffers: [swRFSubPortTransDesc] 338The number of transmit buffers.Receive Buffers: [swRFSubPortRecvDesc] 140
Configuring the Ports79The number of receive buffers.Maximum Frame Size: [swRFSubPortMaxFrame-Size] 3200This read-only field sets the maximum frame size for each frame originating from this port.Sub Station Number [swRFSubPortStation-Num]0Sub Station number for this sub station. If ADP is enabled, set this parameter to zero.Link Down Timeout Interval [swRFSubPortLinkTO] SecondsThe length of time this substation tries to link up to the base station.Record Type [swRFSubPortType] • Valid• InvalidIndicates the status of this port configuration. If valid, this port configuration is enabled. If marked as invalid, after the next reset or port cycle, this port will not exist as a sub station port.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)
80Configuring the Base Sub PortsIf you have disabled ADP, you must manually configure the base sub ports on the base station using the 1.2.3.1.3 RF Base Sub Port Configuration screen. If you have ADP enabled, you do not need to configure base sub ports.1.2.3.1.3 RF Base Sub Port ConfigurationNote Ty p e .A to add a base sub port and to begin editing.The following table lists the field name, MIB, and the default or field options with the default setting in bold:1.2.3.1.3 RF Base Sub Port Configuration Record 1 of 1 Sub Station Number :256 Configuration Status :On-line Port Type :RF-DLC Base to Sub Port Corresponding Substation RF Port IP Address :000.000.000.000 Record Type :Valid\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - editField Name MIB Settings (default in bold)Sub Station Number [swRFBaseSubPortIndex] 256The sub station number for this Base to Sub station port.Configuration Status [swRFBaseSubPortCon-figStatus]•••• On-lineOn-lineOn-lineOn-line• Off-lineDetermines if the port is enabled during initialization (On-line). Set to off-line to dis-able the port.Port Type [swRFBaseSubPortPort-Ty p e ]RF-DLC Base to Sub PortThis read-only field defines this port as a RF-DLC Base to Sub station port.Corresponding Substation RF Port IP Address [swRFBaseSubPortSub-RFIPAddr]000.000.000.000The IP address of the sub station.
Configuring the Ports81Validating Accept Status of a Sub StationThis section applies only if you set ADP mode to Manual Acceptance. Use screen 1.2.3.1.4 ADP Substation Configuration to validate the accept status for each sub sta-tion listed. The screen only shows sub stations that have not yet been accepted by the base station. Once they are accepted, they appear in screen 2.5.2 RF-DLC Sub Port Status, described in detail on page 143.1.2.3.1.4 ADP Substation ConfigurationRecord Type [swRFBaseSubPortType] •••• ValidValidValidValid• InvalidIndicates the status of this RF Sub station port configuration. If valid, this port config-uration is enabled. If marked as invalid, this record will be deleted after the next reset.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)Sub Station Number [swADPStationIndex]The base sub port number of the sub station.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold) 1.2.3.1.4 ADP Substation Configuration Record 1 of 1 Sub Station IP Accept Number Address Status--------- --------- ------- 256 196.028.145.069 No\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
82IP Address [swADPStationNetAd-dress]The IP address of the sub station.Accept Status [swADPStationStatus] • Yes••••NoNoNoNoEnter Yes to enable acceptance.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)
Configuring the Ports83Configuring the Ethernet Port1.2.2.1 Ethernet Port ConfigurationField Name MIB Settings (default in bold)Port Number [swEtherPortIndex] 2The Ethernet port is 2.Configuration Status [swEtherPortConfigSta-tus]• On-line• Off-lineDetermines whether the port comes up at initialization time. You must reset the unit for changes to take affect.MAC Address [swEtherPortPhysAd-dress]The MAC address of this Ethernet port.Bridging Encap Type [swEtherPortBridgingEn-capType]• Ethernet II encap• Ethernet 802.3 encapEncapsulation used for bridging.Port Type [swEtherPortPortType] Ethernet 802.3This field is not configurable.1.2.2.1. Ethernet Port Configuration Record 1 of 1 Port Number : 2 Configuration Status : On-line MAC Address : 00:ba:d0:ba:be:00 Bridging Encap Type : Ethernet 802.3 encap Port Type : Ethernet 802.3 Buffers : 1200 Transmit Buffers : 256 Receive Buffers : 512 Maximum Frame Size : 1518 Record Type : Valid\ - return to menu . – commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
84Buffers [swEtherPortMaxBuffers] 780The number of message buffers allocated to this Ethernet port.Transmit Buffers [swEtherPortTransDesc] 256The number of transmit buffers.Receive Buffers [swEtherPortRecvDesc] 256The number of receive buffers.Maximum Frame Size [swEtherPortMaxFrame-Size]1518The physical MTU.Record Type [swEtherPortType] • Valid• InvalidIf valid, this configuration is enabled upon reset. If invalid, this configuration record is deleted at the next reset.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)
Configuring the Ports85Configuring the Ethernet Transceiver1.2.2.2 Ethernet Transceiver ConfigurationField Name MIB Settings (default in bold)Ethernet Port Number [swEtherTransCfgIndex] 2The Ethernet port number is 2.Interface Type [swEtherTransCfgInter-face]••••Auto-NegotiationAuto-NegotiationAuto-NegotiationAuto-Negotiation• 10BASE-T• 100BASE-TX• 100BASE-FXType of interface connected to the Ethernet port. Duplex Mode [swEtherTransCfgDuplex] •••• Full DuplexFull DuplexFull DuplexFull Duplex•Half DuplexDuplex Mode for the Ethernet transceiver.SQE (10Base-T) [swEtherTransCfgSQE] •Enabled •••• DisabledDisabledDisabledDisabledWhen SQE (heartbeat) function is enabled, the transceiver will assert COL output for 5-15 BT after each packet. Valid only for 10Base-T. 1.2.2.2. Ethernet Transceiver Configuration Record 1 of 1 Ethernet Port Number : 2 Interface Type : Auto-Negotiation Duplex Mode : Full Duplex SQE (10Base-T) : Disabled Jabber (10Base-T) : Enabled Auto Negotiate : Enabled Remote Fault : Disabled Pause : Enabled 100BASE-TX full-duplex : Enabled 100BASE-TX : Enabled 10BASE-T full-duplex : Enabled 10BASE-T : Enabled Selector Field : IEEE 802.3 Record type : Valid\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - e
86Jabber (10Base-T) [swEtherTransCfgJabber] • EnabledEnabledEnabledEnabled • DisabledDisables transmit and loopback on the Ethernet transceiver if the MA transmission exceeds the jabber timer. Valid only for 10Base-T.Auto Negotiate [swEtherTransCfgAuto-Negotiation]••••EnabledEnabledEnabledEnabled• DisabledStatus field indicating if Auto-negotiation for the Ethernet port is enabled as deter-mined by the Interface Type setting.Remote Fault: [swEtherTransCfgRe-moteFault]•Enabled•••• DisabledDisabledDisabledDisabledModifiable only is Auto-negotiation is enabled. Enables/disables remote fault report-ing.Pause: [swEtherTransCfPause] ••••EnabledEnabledEnabledEnabled• DisabledModifiable only is Auto-negotiation is enabled. Enables pause operation for full duplex link or disables pause operation.100BASE-TX full-duplex: [swEtherTransCfg100BaseTXFullDuplex]••••EnabledEnabledEnabledEnabled• DisabledModifiable only is Auto-negotiation is enabled. Enables 100Base-TX full duplex for DTE capability.100BASE-TX: [swEtherTransCfg100BaseTX]••••EnabledEnabledEnabledEnabled• DisabledModifiable only is Auto-negotiation is enabled. Enables 100Base-TX f for DTE capa-blility.10BASE-T full-duplex: [swEtherTransCfg10BaseTFullDuplex]••••EnabledEnabledEnabledEnabled• DisabledModifiable only is Auto-negotiation is enabled. Enables 10Base-T full duplex for DTE capability.10BASE-T: [swEtherTransCfg10BaseT]••••EnabledEnabledEnabledEnabled• DisabledModifiable only is Auto-negotiation is enabled. Enables 10Base-T for DTE capability.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)
Configuring the Ports87Selector Field: [swEtherTransCfgSelec-tor]•••• IEEE 802.3IEEE 802.3IEEE 802.3IEEE 802.3• IEEE 902.9 ISLAN 16TModifiable only is Auto-negotiation is enabled. This is the IEEE Selector Field. Typical users can accept the default of IEEE 802.3.Record Type: [swEtherTransCfgType] •••• ValidValidValidValid• InvalidIndicates the status of this particular ethernet transceiver configuration. If valid, this configuration is enabled. If marked as invalid, this record will be deleted and will not exist after the next reset.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)
88BridgingThe SkyWay Bridge/Router can function as either a bridge or a router or both. When a packet arrives at the bridge, SkyWay examines it and determines its protocol type. The packet is then forwarded or discarded, depending on the functions enabled on the bridge:• Bridging only - All packets are forwarded without regard to protocol• Routing only - Only IP suite packets are forwarded; all other protocols are dis-carded• Bridging and routing - IP suite packets are routed; all other protocols are bridgedHowever, if IP packets are sent to the bridge itself (its own IP address), it will accept them even if it is configured for bridging only.Enabling and Disabling BridgingBridging is a global parameter, and the SkyWay Bridge/Router is configured by default with bridging. Disable bridging in “1.3.1 Bridge Configuration” on page 90. In this screen you also set the global bridge parameters when bridging is enabled. Then set up the ports for bridging operation in “1.3.2 Bridge Port Configuration” on page 92.If you enable bridging, the bridge receives the frame and determines what action should be taken, that is, to forward or “filter” (drop the packet), based on the state of the bridge ports.Port StatesEach bridge port has a state associated with it. The port state is set by management or dynamically by other means (such as the Spanning Tree algorithm). There are five port states:Port State DescriptionBlocking The port does not forward frames, but is included in the Spanning Tree topology. Listening The port is ready to forward frames, and Learning is disabled.Learning The port is ready to forward frames, and Learning is enabled. The port is still not forwarding.Forwarding The port is forwarding frames.Disabled The port does not forward frames, and is not included in the Spanning Tree topology.
Bridging89As shown in the above table, the state determines if the bridge will allow the port to transmit frames. If you disable the port, it is excluded from bridge operation altogether. However, a port that is not disabled can be dynamically excluded by the Spanning Tree algorithm (see “Spanning Tree” on page 89).Topology Support.Topology Support.Topology Support.Topology Support. The bridge supports the topology by determining which ports are ‘eligible’ to transmit frames. The bridge enables each port and allows it to transmit frames if all of the following conditions apply:• The port that received the frame was in a forwarding state.• The port eligible for transmission is in a forwarding state.• The port eligible for transmission is not the same as the port the packet was received on.• The size of the MTU conveyed by the frame does not exceed the maximum size of MTU supported by the LAN to which the port eligible for transmission is attached.The frame is discarded if the port does not meet the above conditions.Spanning TreeSpanning Tree allows the bridge to determine which ports to shut down (put in Block-ing mode) to break any loops which may occur in the topology. It uses an algorithm that figures out the best route and determines which ports will be included in the Span-ning Tree. If the Spanning Tree algorithm sets the port state to Blocking, the port will not allow duplicate frames which result from multiple paths (loops) in the active topol-ogy of the bridge to be transmitted. If you disable bridging, you also disable Spanning Tree, as it applies to the bridging function only. You can then set the ports manually if Spanning Tree is disabled but bridging is enabled in 1.3.2 Bridge Port Configuration, described in detail on page 92.
901.3.1 Bridge ConfigurationUse this screen to set global bridging parameters, disable bridging, or enable the Span-ning Tree function.Note The SkyWay does not support Port Priority [dotIdStpPortPriority] as defined in RFC1493.The following table lists the field name, the MIB name, and the default setting: 1.3.1. Bridge Configuration Bridging : Enabled Forwarding Table Timeout : 300 Spanning Tree : Enabled Bridge Priority : 16961 Bridge Max Age : 20 Bridge Hello Timeout : 2 Bridge Forward Delay : 15 Multicast Address : 01:80:c2:00:00:00\ -return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - editField Name MIB Settings (default in bold)Bridging [swBridgeEnable] ••••EnabledEnabledEnabledEnabled• DisabledEnables or disables bridging on the system. If you disable bridging on this screen, it is disabled for all ports. If you change this parameter, you must reset the unit. Bridging supersedes spanning tree function, that is, if you disable bridging, spanning tree is also disabled. Fowarding Table Timeout [dotldTpAgingTime] 300The timeout period in seconds for aging out dynamically learned forwarding infor-mation.Spanning Tree [swBridgeSTPEnable] • Enabled•••• DisabledDisabledDisabledDisabledEnables or disables spanning tree function.
Bridging91Bridge Priority [dotIdStpPriority] 32768This allows you to influence the choice of root bridge and designated bridge. A lower numerical value means the bridge is closer to becoming the root. and thereby change the topology of the spanning tree.Bridge Max Age [dotIdStpBridgeMaxAge] 20The amount of time in seconds the bridge waits before it discards configuration BPDUs.Bridge Hello Timeout [dotIdStpBridgeHello-Time]2The amount of time in seconds before the bridge issues a configuration BPDU.BPDU Forward Delay [dotIdStpBridgeForward-Delay]15The amount of time a port waits before going into a forwarding state.Multicast Address [swBridgeMulticastAddr]The spanning tree multicast address contained in the configuration BPDU (mes-sage). This is the MAC address of packets intended for a bridge.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)
921.3.2 Bridge Port ConfigurationUse this screen to configure the port for bridging.The following table lists the field name, the MIB name, and the default setting: Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)Port Number [swBridgePortIndex]This is the port number used as a bridging port.Bridging State [swBridgePortBridging-State]•Enabled• DisabledSpecify if bridging is enabled or disabled for this port. This controls the port’s bridg-ing operation if Spanning Tree is disabled.STP State [swBridgePortSTPState] • Disabled• Blocking•Listening•Learning•ForwardingThis is a status field which tells you the current state for this port. For example, in the screen above, both ports are in the Forwarding state.STP Port Cost [swBridgePortSTPCost]Determines the cost of the path to the root through this port.1.3.2. Bridge Port Configuration Record 1 of 1 Port Bridging STP STP Port Number State State Cost ------ -------- -------- -------- 2 Enabled Forwarding 10 256 Enabled Forwarding 100\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
IP Routing93IP RoutingIP routing is a global parameter. It is disabled by default, but you can enable the unit for IP routing only or in addition to bridging. You cannot configure routing on a port to port basis.Configuring IPUse the 1.4.1 IP Protocol Configuration screen to enable IP routing and set global routing parameters.1.4.1 IP Protocol ConfigurationThe following table lists the field name, the MIB name, and the default setting:Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)Routing [ipForwarding] DisabledEnables or disables IP routing on this unit.Time to Live [ipDefaultTTL] 64Specified the number of hops a packet can be forwarded before it is discarded.ICMP Redirect Route Clearing Interval[swIpIcmpredirectdlear-ingInterval]1800The interval of time, in seconds, in which routes learned from ICMP redirect mes-sages are cleared.1.4.1. IP Protocol Configuration Routing : Disabled Time To Live : 64 ICMP Redirect Route Clearing Interval : 1800 Forward Broadcasts : Enabled IP Reassembly Timeout : 8 Default Gateway: Default Gateway Enabled : No Default Gateway Ip Address : 000.000.000.000 Default Gateway Port Number : 3
94Forward Broadcasts [swIpBcastforwarding] •Enabled• DisabledIndicates whether IP broadcast messages are forwarded (Enabled) or not forwarded (Disabled) if they are received.IP Reassembly Timeout [swIpReasTimeout] 8Determines how many seconds to wait before discarding a packet when all frag-ments have not yet arrived.Default Gateway Enabled [swDefaultGateway] ••••NoNoNoNo•YesSet to Yes to set a default gateway.Default Gateway IP Address[swDefaultGatewayI-PAddr]Enter the IP address to send IP datagrams for which no route was foundDefault Gateway Port Number[swDefaultGatewayInter-face]The SkyWay port number to use when forwarding IP datagrams with unknown routes.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)
IP Routing95Configuring the IP PortsBefore you begin you need to have the IP Address and the IP Mask for the unit you are configuring.1.4.2 IP Port ConfigurationThe following table lists the field name, the MIB name, and the default setting:Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)Port Number [swIpPortIndex] 2The port number for this IP configuration.Proxy ARP [swIpPortProxyArp] •Enabled• DisabledDetermines whether proxy Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is enabled.IP Address [swIpPortAddr]This is the IP address for this IP port (configurable).IP Mask [swIpPortMask]This is the subnet mask.1.4.2. IP Port Configuration Record 1 of 2 Port Number : 2 Proxy ARP : Enabled IP Address : 134.196.034.001 IP Mask : 255.255.000.000 IP Encapsulation : Standard Ethernet IP MTU : 1492 Arp Retry Timeout : 30 Arp Aging Timeout : 300 Arp Max Retries : 5 Configuration Status : Valid\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
96IP Encapsulation [swIpPortEncap] ••••Standard EthernetStandard EthernetStandard EthernetStandard Ethernet•DOD Ethernet• SNAP 802.3• DOD 802.3This defines the IP encapsulation type for this network.IP MTU [swIpPortMTU] 1492This sets the maximum transfer unit size.Arp Retry Timeout [swIpPortArpRetryTO] 10The amount of time in seconds to wait for an ARP reply before sending the next ARP request.Arp Aging Timeout [swIpPortArpAgingTO] 300The amount of time in seconds to hold an entry in the ARP table before removing it.Arp Max Retries [swIpPortArpMaxRetries] 5The number of times an ARP request is repeated without receiving an ARP reply. The minimum value is 1, the maximum value is 15 and the default should be 5.Configuration Status [swIpPortType] • Valid• InvalidSet to Invalid to delete an entry in the IP ports table.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)
IP Routing97Setting up Static RoutingSet up IP static routes in 1.4.3 IP Static Routes Configuration, described in detail on page 97.Note For more information about IP Static Routes, see Static Routing is the Best Choice for Service Providers, a white paper published by Solectek.1.4.3 IP Static Routes ConfigurationField Name MIB Settings (defaults in bold)Network Address [swIpRouteNetAddr]The destination IP address.Network Mask [swIpRouteNetMask]The destination network subnet mask.Gateway Address [swIpRouteGateway]The IP address of the gateway to use as the next hop.Prt [swIpRouteIndex] 3The physical port number that is used to reach the gateway address.1.4.3. IP Static Routes Configuration * Record 0 of 0 Rte Over Record Network Address Network Mask Gateway Address Prt Cost Ride Type --------------- --------------- --------------- --- ---- ---- ------ 200.100.100.000 255.255.255.000 196.028.145.069 3 2 True Valid\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
98BOOTPBOOTP is part of the IP Protocol suite and is described in RFC 951 anf RFC 1542.1.4.4 BOOTP ConfigurationRte Cost [swIpRouteCost] 2The route cost.Override [swIpRouteOverride Tr u e / F a l s eIndicates if cost override is enabled.Record Type [swIpRouteType] • Valid• InvalidIf valid, this configuration will initialize upon reset. If invalid, this record is deleted from the database upon the next reset.Field Name MIB Settings (defaults in bold) 1.4.4. BOOTP Configuration Relaying : Disabled Destination Address : 255.255.255.255 Maximum Hops : 4 Broadcast Reply : No\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
IP Routing99Obtaining a Configuration SummaryUse screen 1.5 Configuration Summary to check system, port, bridging, routing, and RF port configuration settings.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)Relaying [swBootpCfgRelayAgen-tEnabled]•Enabled•••• DisabledDisabledDisabledDisabledSet this field to Enabled to enable BOOTP functionality.Destination Address [swBootpCfgRelayAgent-ForwardIpAddr]255.255.255.255This is the server’s IP address. The default is the limited broadcast address.Maximum Hops [swBootpCfgRelayAgent-MaxHops]4This field sets the maximum number of times a BOOTP request can be routed. The range is 1 - 16.Broadcast Reply [swBootpCfgRelayAgent-BroadcastReplyFlg]••••NoNoNoNo•YesThis field, if set to yes, forces all relayed BOOTP replies to be returned to the client using the limited broadcast IP address.
1001.5 Configuration SummaryThe system configuration area describes the current settings for the system and ports. Port 1 displays the serial port settings, including type, baud rate, data bits, parity, and stop bits. Port 2 displays the Ethernet port settings, including the MAC address for the port, Interface Type, and configuration status. Port 3 displays the RF port settings, including the Port Type, MAC address for the port, data rate, and configuration status.Bridge Configuration displays Bridging and Spanning Tree status (enabled or disabled) and number of currently configured bridge ports.Press .N to see the next page:1.5. Configuration SummarySystem Configuration:--------------------- System Description Solectek Corporation SkyWay System Date & Time 18 Jan 2000 20:35:01 Port - 1 RS-422 115200 8 NONE One Port - 2 Ethernet 802.3 00:ba:d0:ba:be:00 Auto Negotiation On-line Port - 3 RF Base Port 00:00:c4:1c:91:45 2 Mbps On-lineBridge Configuration:--------------------- Bridging Enabled Spanning Tree Enabled Number of Bridge Ports 1\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit 1.5. Configuration SummaryRouter Configuration:--------------------- IP Routing Enabled IP Port Configuration Port 2 104.100.002.001 255.255.000.000 Port 3 104.099.001.001 255.255.000.000RF Configuration:-----------------Number of Substations 0RF Frequency 2468 Mhz\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
IP Routing101Routing Configuration displays IP routing status (enabled or disabled), and the IP addresses and network masks for each port.The RF Configuration displays the number of sub stations and the RF Frequency set-ting.
102Internet Control Message ProtocolThe Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is part of the IP Protocol suite. The implementation of ICMP on the SkyWay Bridge/Router follows the standard as described in RFC 792.The Ping utility generates an ICMP Echo Request and expects to receive an ICMP Echo Reply packet. For more information, see 3.2 Ping Utility, described in detail on page 109.
SNMP103SNMPUse Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) to access and manage the Sky-Way remotely using such SNMP management platforms as HP OpenView™ and SNMPc™. The console functions through SNMP and contains standard MIBs for sup-ported protocols and private MIBs for SkyWay’s proprietary functions. However, because of the need for security, not all functions are available through SNMP.SNMP Features AvailableThe following is a list of RFCs that the SkyWay supports:RFC Description Not supportedRFC 1213 MIB-II • Excluded nt group• Excluded ipRouteTa-ble - replaced by RFC 1354• Excluded tcp group?• Excluded egp group?RFC 1215 SNMP Trap DefinitionRFC 1317 RS-232-like MIB • Autobaud in rs232AsynPortTableRFC 1493 Bridge MIB •dot1dStaticTable• dot1dStpPortPriority - port priority in the Spanning Tree tableRFC 1643 Ethernet-like MIBRFC 1905 SNMP ErrorsRFC 2089 SNMPv2 errors mapped in SNMPv1Solectek Proprietary MIB-sw.mibSolectek defined SNMP objects registered tree = 2890.
104DiagnosticsThere are two types of diagnostics you can run on the SkyWay, Bios and Run Time. BIOS DiagnosticsAccess BIOS diagnostics through the BIOS Main Menu, option 2 (for details, see “ Bios Application” on page 18). The Bios Diagnostics menu includes these diagnostic rou-tines:RunTime DiagnosticsThere are two kinds of Run Time diagnostics you can use to test communications between the Base and Sub Stations:• RF Base and Sub Radio Tests test communications at the bench test level, before installation• Ping Utility tests communications after installationFor an example of using the RF Base and Sub Radio Tests, see “Bench Test” on page 32.DRAM tests the active memoryFlash tests the storage area (flash memory)Ethernet internal or external Ethernet testLoop Through All set up and run all of the above tests
Diagnostics1054.1 RF Base Radio TestThe following lists the field name, the MIB name, and the default setting:Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)RF Port Number [swRFBaseTestIndex] 3The RF port number is 3.Te s t T i m e o u t [swRFBaseTestTO] 8The timeout value in milliseconds. This is the amount of time the test will run before terminating on its own.Test to Run: [swRFBaseTestToRun] See the following table:Select a test to run and press .W to begin the test. There are five tests you can run on the base port as described in the following table. To end the test, set Test to Run t o Te r m i n a t e Te s t a n d p r e s s .W.Te s t To R u n Parameters that can be configured CommentsBurst Frame Ping Pong ModeTest Timeout, Number of Bursts, Maximum Burst SizeThe base station sends the specified number of bursts, and the sub sta-tion returns the same number. 4.1 RF Base Radio Test ** Note - diagnostic driver must be installed ** RF Port Number : 3 Test Timeout : 8 milliseconds Test To Run : Terminate Test Number of Frames or Bursts, 1 - 65535 or 0 for Continuous. :0 Frame Length or Maximum Burst Size, 3 - 3200 :1530\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
106Te s t To R u n Parameters that can be configured CommentsContinuous Burst Trans-mitTest Timeout, Number of BurstsThis test is similar to Burst Frame Ping Pong Mode, except that the sub station does not reply. The base station sends the number of bursts, times out, repeats. (There are 7 frames in a burst).Continuous Single Frame TransmitTest Timeout, Number of Frames, Frame LengthThis test is similar to Sin-gle Frame Ping Pong Mode, except the sub station does not reply. The base station sends the number of frames to the sub station continu-ously until the timeout occurs.Single Frame Ping Pong ModeTest Timeout, Number of Frames, Frame LengthThe base station sends out the frames, one at a time, and the substation returns them one at a time.This test can be used as a protocol tester to send out all types of RF-DLC frames.Static Size Ping Pong ModeTest Timeout, Number of Frames, Frame LengthThe base station sends the number of frames of the size given, the sub station receives them and performs a CRC, then returns the same number of frames of the same length.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)
Diagnostics1074.2 RF Sub Radio TestThe following lists the field name, the MIB name, and the default setting:Te r m i n a t e Te s t Ends the currently run-ning test.Number of Frames or Bursts[swRFBaseTestFrames] 0The number of frames or bursts to transmit when running the Continuous Single Frame Transmit test.Frame Length or Maxi-mum Burst Size[swRFBaseTestFrame-Length]1530The frame length to transmit when running the Continuous Single Frame Transmit test. The range is 3 to 3200.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)RF Port Number [swRFSubTestIndex] 3The RF Port number is 3.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)4.2 RF Sub Radio Test ** Note - diagnostic driver must be installed ** RF Port Number : 3 Test To Run : Terminate Test\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
108Ping UtilityThe Ping utility tests communications between units in a system that is already opera-tional. Ping generates an ICMP Echo Request packet and expects to receive an ICMP Echo Reply packet.Te s t t o R u n [swRFSubTestToRun] • Burst Frame Ping Pong Mode• Continuous Burst Receive• Continuous Single Frame Receive• Single Frame Ping Pong Mode• Static Size Ping Pong ModeNote: Note: Note: Note: See “4.1 RF Base Radio Test” on page 105 for test descriptions.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)
Diagnostics1093.2 Ping UtilityThe following table lists the field name, the MIB name, and field options with the default setting, if any, in bold:Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)Destination IP Address [swPingDestIPAddr]The IP address of the unit you want to send an ICMP Echo Request to.Ping Payload Size [swPingPacketSize] 64646464The ping packet size.Number of Packets [swPingNumPackets] 0The number of packets to be sent during the ping session or operation.Reply Timeout [swPingReplyTimeout] 1The number of seconds to wait before this ping session times out.Delay Between Packets [swPingDelay] 0The delay in milliseconds between each ping sent out during this ping session.Ping Operation [swPingOperation] •Start Ping•Abort PingStarts or stops the ping operation.3.2. Ping Utility Destination IP Address : 000.000.000.000 Ping Payload Size : 64 Number of Packets : 0 Reply Timeout : 1 Delay Between Packets : 0 Ping Operation : Start Ping Ping Session Status : Idle Packets Sent : 0 Correct Responses Received : 0 Incorrect Responses Received : 0 Number of Timed Out Packets : 0 Longest Round Trip Delay : 0 Shortest Round Trip Delay : 0 Average Round Trip Delay : 0\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
110Ping Session Status [swPingStatus] • Idle•PingingThe current status of the last ping session started. Pinging indicates the session is operating, and Idle indicates the last session has finished or no session has been started.Packets Sent [swPingPacketsSent] 0Total number of packets or pings sent in this session.Correct Responses Received[swPingCorrectRR] 0Total number of correct ping responses received.Incorrect Responses Received[swPingIncorrectRR] 0Total number of incorrect ping responses received.Number of Timed Out Packets[swPingNumPacketsTim-eout]0The number of packets that timed out during this ping session.Longest Round Trip Delay [swPingLongestRTD] 0The longest round trip delay. The amount of time in milliseconds that has passed between the time the ping was sent and the response for that ping is returned.Shortest Round Trip Delay[swPingShortestRTD] 0The shortest round trip delay. The amount of time in milliseconds that has passed between the time the ping was sent and the response for that ping is returned.Average Round Trip Delay[swPingAverageRTD] 0The average round trip delay. The amount of time in milliseconds that has passed between the time the ping was sent and the response for that ping is returned.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)
Diagnostics111File DirectoryUse screen 3.1.4 to see a list of Solectek file types and sizes.3.1.4 File Directory 3.1.4 File Directory Record 1 of 8 File Type Version File Size Date And Time Status -------------------- ---------- --------- -------------------- -------- Boot Loader 0.30 2316 16 Feb 2000 13:56:55 Valid FPGA 0.3 31146 17 Feb 2000 12:31:04 Valid Crash Dump 0.0 81788 26 Jan 2001 00:00:56 Valid Error Log 0.0 130816 26 Jan 2001 00:00:57 Valid Bios DB 0.0 131072 25 Jan 2001 22:23:22 Valid Runtime DB 0.0 1048576 25 Jan 2001 22:23:57 Valid Bios Application 0.30 393216 22 Feb 2000 12:21:08 Valid Runtime Application 0.30.3 983039 22 Feb 2000 13:28:04 Valid Source Information: YMODEM on 01/25/2001 22:19:27\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
112File Transfer UtilitiesAt times it is necessary to upgrade the SkyWay Bridge/Router software. You can do this remotely using the file transfer utilities, Xmodem, Ymodem, or TFTP. Typically you will need to upgrade the Runtime Application with a new release of the software.The three file transfer utilities are Xmodem, Ymodem, and TFTP.XmodemXmodem is a file transfer protocol with the following ASCII character definitions:Xmodem is a receiver-driven, asynchronous, 8 data bit protocol. Each packet has the following format:where:When the receiver is ready, it sends a NAK every 10 seconds (up to one minute) until the transmitter acknowledges the NAK by sending the first packet. The transmitter continues by sending each packet in turn, always waiting for the packet to be acknowl-<SOH> 01H This is always the first byte in each block.<EOT> 04H This is sent instead of SOH to mark the end of transmission.<ACK> 06H Positive Acknowledgement.<NAK> 15H Negative Acknowledgement<CAN> 18H Cancel transfer.<SOH> <packet> <compliment #> <data> <checksum><SOH> =01H<packet> = Packet number, starting at 01, incre-menting by 1, and wrapping from 0FFH to 00H (not 01H)<compliment #> = 255 minus the packet number<data> = 128 bytes of binary data<checksum> = The sum of the data bytes. Starting with zero, add each data byte to the checksum and use only the rightmost 8 bits.
File Transfer Utilities113edged before sending the next. When the transmitter has no more data to send, it sends an EOT to complete the transfer.The XModem/CRC Protocol.The XModem/CRC Protocol.The XModem/CRC Protocol.The XModem/CRC Protocol. The XModem/CRC protocol is similar to the XModem protocol, but the receiver specifies CRC-16 by sending C (Hex 43) instead of NAK when requesting the first block. A two-byte CRC is sent in place of the one-byte arith-metic checksum.Note The XModem and YModem screens are almost identical, except that XModem does not have a File Name field, that is, it supports multi-file transfers with packet sizes of 128 to 1024 bytes. The remainder of Xmodem and Ymodem fields have identical descriptions. Therefore, only the YModem screen is shown, and one table containing field descriptions is presented. Both MIBs are given.YModemThe Ymodem batch protocol is an extension to the Xmodem/CRC protocol. It allows zero or more files to be transmitted in a single session and supports 1024 data size packets. Ymodem always sends an information packet containing the filename and file length with each file.
1143.1.2 YModemThe following table lists the field name, the MIB name, and the default setting:Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)Port Number [swXmodemIFIndex][swYmodemIFIndex]1The port number is 1, the serial port.File Type [swXmodemFileType][swYmodemFileType]•Boot loader•FGPA•Crash dump• Error log• Bios data base•Saved data base• Default data base• Boot Application• Runtime ApplicationThe type of file to be transferred.Session Type [swXmodemAction][swYmodemAction]Send/ReceiveThe action to be performed by the file transfer task, Download (Send), or Upload (Receive).3.1.2. Ymodem File Transfer Port Number : 1 File Type : Runtime Application Session Type : Choose Action File Name : Status : Idle Bytes Transferred : 0 Number of Retries : 0 Error Message :\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
File Transfer Utilities115Uploading a New Software VersionThis procedure describes how to upload a new software version to the SkyWay Bridge/Router, and assumes you are running the SkyWay Administrative Console in a HyperTerminal window using the Ymodem protocol.1. From the SkyWay main menu, go to screen 3.1.2 - Ymodem File Transfer.Note Follow steps 2 and 3, even if the screen appears to have the correct values, or the file transfer might not take place properly.2. Enter the following values in the fields:Port Number: 1 (this is non-configurable, 1 is the serial port).File Type: Runtime ApplicationFile Name [swYmodemFileName]The file name of the file to be transferred. The Xmodem screen does not have the File Name field.Status [swXmodemStatus][swYmodemStatus]•Receiving•Transmitting• Failed•IdleThe current status of this file transfer.Bytes Transferred [swXmodemBytesTrans-ferred][swYmodemBytesTrans-ferred]0 – 4,294,967,295Counts the number of bytes as the file is currently being transferred and dynamically displays it. If there is not a current transfer running, the number of bytes transferred in the last file transfer is displayed.Number of Retries [swXmodemNumRe-tries][swYmodemNumRetries]0 – 4,294,967,295 (only after an error)The number of retries for the current or last file transfer.Error MessageA text message which displays the reason the file transfer failed.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)
116File Name: (the name of the file you are retrieving. You can enter it now or under step 4 below).Session Type: Receive (indicates that the SkyWay is receiving the file from the source, for example, the PC hard drive or a network drive.)3. Press .W to save and implement the changes. This prepares the SkyWay to receive the file. You might see “Receiving a file...CCC”, a series of Cs displays on the screen. This occurs during a Receive ses-sion type.4. From the HyperTerm menu, click TransferTr a n s f e rTr a n s f e rTransfer, Send File Send File Send File Send File and a dialog box appears (that is, the PC will be sending the file to the SkyWay). For Filename: browse to the Rt_App.bin file. Choose Ymodem as the protocol.5. Click SendSendSendSend. A few seconds may elapse before the transfer begins, then in the File field you should see blocks start to appear, and the Packet number incrementing. These two events indicate that the file transfer has begun. Another indication is the Bytes Tran sfe rr ed field begins to dynamically display the number of bytes being trans-ferred. The cps/bpscps/bpscps/bpscps/bps button allows you to toggle the displayed transfer rate as either characters per second or bits per second.If the system does not begin transferring the file, and a time out occurs, you may see a message indicating the transfer was cancelled by the remote system. In this case, the system retries the file transfer up to the number of times specified by the Number of Retries field.6. To start the new software version:a. Go to the Main Menu.b. Type 5 (Start Application).c. Choose Run Time application and type .W.This loads the new application. You should see “Press any key to start login.”d. Press Enter, and the SkyWay Login screen displays. Check to make sure the new version number appears on the Login screen.Trivial File Transfer ProtocolTrivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple file transfer protocol. It was designed to have fewer features than FTP; for example, it only reads and writes files to or from a remote server. It cannot list directories or authenticate users.
File Transfer Utilities117TFTP Clients and ServerTFTP is client/server based. There are a few ways to set up and use TFTP:SkyWay is the client; the PC is the server. In this configuration, you do not need to configure the SkyWay as a TFTP server; the PC is set up as the server, using third-party TFTP software. To send or receive files from the server, use the 3.1.1.2 TFTP File Transfer screen.SkyWay is the server; the PC is the client. Here, you configure the SkyWay as a TFTP server, using the 3.1.1.1 TFTP Server Configuration screen, which also acts as a status screen to display statistics. You can configure the server to be “send only,” which means that files can only be sent from the SkyWay to the client; the client can-not send or download any files to the SkyWay. On the PC, install TFTP client software so that it can handle its end of the TFTP file transfer process.SkyWay is the Server and Client; the PC is the Client and Server. In this scenario, the SkyWay can act as both a server and a client, and the PC acts as both a client and a server. The SkyWay TFTP server exchanges files with the TFTP client on the PC, and the SkyWay TFTP client exchanges files with the TFTP server on the PC.Sending and Receiving FilesThe TFTP server establishes a connection and begins the file transfer. It sends the first block of data (specified by the block size). The client receives the block, sends an acknowledgement to the server, and requests the server to send the next block of the file. The server has a timeout value by which the acknowledgement and request must be sent, or it terminates the connection. When the server gets the acknowledgement, it sends the next block of the file. The client is required to acknowledge each block as it is sent, until the entire file has been transferred.SkyWaySkyWaySkyWaySkyWay PCPCPCPC Screens to Use on SkyWayScreens to Use on SkyWayScreens to Use on SkyWayScreens to Use on SkyWayClient Server 3.1.1.2 TFTP File TransferServer EnabledClient 3.1.1.1TFTP Server Configuration.Server and ClientClient and Server 3.1.1.2 TFTP File Transfer and 3.1.1.1 TFTP Server Configuration
118File DefinitionsThe following table lists the file names to enter as the remote file name in the TFTP cli-ent software on your workstation when transferring files to or from the SkyWay TFTP Server.File Name DescriptionBOOTLDR.BIN Boot LoaderFPGA.BIN FPGACRSHDUMP.BIN Crash DumpERRORLOG.BIN Error LogBIOS_DB.BIN Bios DatabaseDATABASE.BIN Run Time DatabaseDBDEFLT.BIN Default DatabaseBIOS_APP.BIN Bios ApplicationRT_APP.BIN Run Time Application
File Transfer Utilities119TFTP StatusThe 3.1.1.1 TFTP Server Configuration screen is also a status screen that provides information about the current or last file transfer that occurred on the SkyWay TFTP server.Configuring the TFTP Server on SkyWayUse 3.1.1.1 TFTP Server Configuration screen to set up the SkyWay as a TFTP Server.3.1.1.1 TFTP Server ConfigurationThe following table lists the field name, MIB, and the settings (default in bold):Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)Server Status [swTFTPServerStatus] • Enabled•Send only•••• DisabledDisabledDisabledDisabledSet Server Status to Enabled or Send only to configure the SkyWay as a TFTP server. Send only means the TFTP server is enabled to send files only and cannot receive files.Time_out [swTFTPServerTO] 20The amount of time in seconds the TFTP Server will wait before a timeout occurs. For example, if the server sends a packet and it is not acknowledged by the client before the timeout expires, the server shuts down the connection. 3.1.1.1 TFTP Server Configuration Server Status : Disabled Time_out : 20 Current State : Idle Current File : Use Filename Read Requests : 0 Write Requests : 0 Aborted Sessions : 0 Reset Statistics : No\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
120Current State [swTFTPServerState] • Receiving•Sending••••IdleIdleIdleIdleThe current status of the TFTP Server.Current File [swTFTPServerFile] Use filenameThe type of file currently being transferred. Read Requests [swTFTPServerRRQ]Number of read requests received by the TFTP Server.Write requests [swTFTPServerWRQ]Number of write requests received by the TFTP Server.Aborted Sessions [swTFTPServerAborts]The number of times an upload was aborted since the last reboot.Reset Statistics [swTFTPServerStatsRe-set]•Yes••••NoNoNoNoReset the statistics each time a file transfer is started.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)
File Transfer Utilities1213.1.1.2 TFTP File TransferThe following table lists the field name, the MIB name, and the default setting:Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)IP Host Address [swTFTPIPAddr] 000.000.000.000This is the IP address of the PC that is running the server.File Type [swTFTPFileType] •Boot loader•FGPA•Crash dump• Error log• Bios data base•Saved data base• Default data base• Boot Application• Runtime Application•Use FilenameThe type of file to be transferred.File Name [swTFTPFileName]The file name of the file to be transferred.Timeout [swTFTPTO] 20Tells the server what the timeout parameter will be, that is, how long the server should wait to receive an acknowledgement before terminating the connection. 3.1.1.2. TFTP File Transfer IP Host Address : 000.000.000.000 File Type : Runtime Application File Name : Timeout : 20 Block Size : 512 Session Type : Receive Status : Idle Bytes Transferred : 0 Number of Retries : 0 Error Message :\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
122Block Size [swTFTPBlockSize] 512The amount of data that is sent over at one time (80-1400 bytes).Session Type [swTFTPAction] •Receive•Send••••AbortAbortAbortAbortThe action to be performed by the client, that is, either send a file to the server or receive a file from the server.Status [swTFTPStatus] • Receiving•Transmitting• Failed••••IdleIdleIdleIdleThe current status of the transfer.Bytes Transferred [swTFTPBytesTrans-ferred]0Counts the number of bytes as the file is currently being transferred and dynamically displays it. If a file isn’t currently transferring, this field displays the number of bytes transferred in the last file transfer.Number of Retries [swTFTPNumRetries] 0 (only after an error)The number of retries for the current or last file transfer.Error Message [swTFTPErrMsg]A text message which displays the reason the file transfer failed.Field Name MIB Settings (default in bold)
Security123SecurityMulti-level Password SecurityThere are two user levels:• Super user•Standard userA Super user can assign other Super users and Standard users.A Standard user cannot add other users.SNMP SecurityTo secure the system against illegal access, certain screens are not available via SNMP:1.1.1 Network Management Security Configuration1.1.3 User Access Configuration Menu - all screens in this menu tree4.3 Field Support Menu - all screens in this menu tree
124
125Chapter 6: Chapter 6: Chapter 6: Chapter 6: Monitoring SkyWayMonitoring SkyWayMonitoring SkyWayMonitoring SkyWayYou can monitor SkyWay’s operations and errors by using the status and control screens available from option 2 of the Main Menu. Many of the monitoring screens are read-only, however some contain configurable parameters that are noted in their descriptions.You can use the status screens to monitor protocol operations, to test whether a con-figuration change is in effect, and to troubleshoot problems on the system.This chapter provides information on:Monitoring Features Available.......................................... 126System Status and Control Screens ................................. 127Port Status and Control Screens...................................... 132RF-DLC Screens............................................................. 140Bridging Screens ............................................................. 149IP Routing Screens.......................................................... 157Base Station States.......................................................... 164Status Summary.............................................................. 168
Monitoring Features Available126Monitoring Features AvailableThe following table provides an overview of the monitoring features available from both the Administrative Console and SNMP for each of the SkyWay’s major functions: ConsoleConsoleConsoleConsole SNMPSNMPSNMPSNMP CommentCommentCommentCommentSystem Status and ControlXX**. Screen 2.1.1. General Status and Control is read-only via SNMP.Allows you to check the status of SNMP packets, traps, and error log.Port Status and ControlX X Allows you to check all port statistics and gives you operational control over them.Bridge Status X X Allows you to check the status of bridging and spanning tree operation.Router Status X X Allows you to check the status of IP, ICMP, and ARP packets received and transmitted.RF-DLC Status X X Allows you to check the status of the RF-DLC base port, all sub station ports, ADP polling state, and RF Sig-nals.
System Status and Control Screens127System Status and Control ScreensSystem status includes an overview of the system and SNMP Statistics.Taking a System Snap ShotYou can access the 2.1.1 General Status and Control screen to view you system’s hardware configuration. You can also use this screen to change the Watchdog timer, which is the only configurable field on this screen.Note If you are accessing this screen using an SNMP Manager, you cannot change the Watchdog timer.2.1.1 General Status and Control 2.1.1. General Status and Control * Product Code : Skyway Bridge Serial Number : 12 Board Revision : Version 1 Software Version : Version 1.0 Media Type : Twisted Pair RF Power Type : High Power County Code : United States Antenna Type : No antenna DRAM Size : 32 Mb DRAM Usage (bytes) : 4258216 FLASH Size : 8 Mb FLASH Usage (bytes) : 2589520 VCO type : Package Operational for : 22000 Last Failure Reason : No crash dump Watchdog Timeout : 200010 0 - watchdog timer off each unit is 1.5ms\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
System Status and Control Screens128Checking SNMP Status and Trap HistoryFrom the 2.1.2 Network Management Status menu, you can check how many times SNMP errors occurred using the following two screens.2.1.2.1 SNMP StatusThis screen lists all the SNMP errors that may have occurred and the number of times the error occurred since the last reset.At the bottom of the screen, the fields list the number of incoming and outgoing SNMP packets and traps. 2.1.2.1. SNMP Status In Bad Version : 0 In Bad Community Name : 0 In Bad Community Use : 0 In Bad ASN : 0 In Read Only : 0 Out Too Bigs : 0 Out No Such Name : 0 Out Bad Values : 0 Out General Error : 0 Total Retrieved MIB Objects : 0 Total Altered MIB Objects : 0 In Get Requests : 0 In Get Next Requests : 0 In Set Requests : 0 Out Get Responses : 0 Authentication Traps : Enabled Incoming: Outgoing: Packets : 0 0 Traps : 0 0
System Status and Control Screens1292.1.2.2 SNMP Trap HistoryThis screen displays the trap number, description, value (OID), and date and time the error occured.)Field Name MIB CommentsTr a p # [ s w Tr a p H i s t o r y I n d e x ]A number that corresponds to the trap log table index.Trap Description [swTrapHistoryName]A description of the type of trap that occurred. For a list of trap messages, see “Appendix G: SNMP Trap Messages” on page 191.Value [swTrapHistoryValue]The value of the first trap variable or zero.Date & Time [swTrapHistoryDateAnd-Time]The date and time the trap occurred. 2.1.2.2. SNMP Trap History Record 1 of 6 Trap# Trap Description Value Date & Time ----- -------------------------------- ----- --------------------- 0 Link_Down 2 02 Mar 1999 21:58:45 1 New_Root 0 02 Mar 1999 21:58:45 2 New_Root 0 02 Mar 1999 21:58:45 3 Link_Up 8 02 Mar 1999 21:58:45 4 Link_Down 3 02 Mar 1999 21:58:45 5 Link_Up 8 02 Mar 1999 21:58:45 \ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
System Status and Control Screens130Checking the Error LogUse the 2.1.3 Error Log Status screen to check the error log.Field Name MIB CommentsEr# [swErrorLogIndex]The number of the error corresponding to the error log index.Partial Error Description [swErrorLogEntry]The first 40 characters of the error description.Log Level [swErrorLogLevel] • Notification•Warning•Recoverable•FatalThe severity of the error. Notification is informational, Warning indicates there may be a possible problem, Recoverable is an error, but indicates the system is still func-tional, and Fatal is an error indicating an unstable system or a crash.Date & Time [swErrorLogDateAnd-Time]The date and time the error occurred. 2.1.3. Error Log Screen Record 1 of 14 Er# Partial Error Description Log Level Date & Time --- ---------------------------------------- ------------ --------------------- 0 Link Up Trap for port 1 Notification 14 Jan 2001 20:44:19 1 Link Up Trap for port 2 Notification 14 Jan 2001 20:44:19 2 Cold Start Trap Notification 14 Jan 2001 20:44:50 3 Link Down Trap for port 2 Notification 14 Jan 2001 20:46:44 4 New root detected. Notification 14 Jan 2001 20:46:44 5 New root detected. Notification 14 Jan 2001 20:46:45 6 Link Up Trap for port 2 Notification 14 Jan 2001 20:46:45 7 Link Up Trap for port 3 Notification 14 Jan 2001 20:47:20 8 Link Down Trap for port 2 Notification 14 Jan 2001 21:12:13 9 New root detected. Notification 14 Jan 2001 21:12:13 10 New root detected. Notification 14 Jan 2001 21:12:13 11 Link Up Trap for port 2 Notification 14 Jan 2001 21:12:13 12 Link Down Trap for port 3 Notification 14 Jan 2001 23:24:13 13 Link Up Trap for port 3 Notification 14 Jan 2001 23:24:18 Link Up Trap for port 1 File: up_port.c Line: 355 TrapOid: 4\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
System Status and Control Screens131Error message at the bot-tom of the screen[swErrorLogEntry]A more complete description of the error at the cursor position.File: [swErrorLogFileName]The source file where the error occurred.Line: [swErrorLogLineNum-ber]The line of code in the source file where the error occurred.Tr a p O i d : [swErrorLogTrapOid]The Trap Object Identifier (OID).Field Name MIB Comments
Port Status and Control Screens132Port Status and Control ScreensThe Port Status and Control screens allow you to check the status of the following:• Serial port• Ethernet port• Ethernet Transceiver•RF PortsChecking the Serial Port StatusUse the 2.2.2 Serial Port Status screen to check serial port parameters and errors,2.2.2 Serial Port StatusField Name MIBPort Number [rs232AsyncPortIndex] 1The serial port number is 1.Data Bits [rs232AsyncPortBits]The number of bits in a character.Parity [rs232AsyncPortParity]The port’s sense of a character parity bit.Stop Bits [rs232AsyncPortStopBits] 2.2.2. Serial Port Status Port Number : 0 Data Bits : 8 Parity : NONE Stop Bits : 1 Parity Errors : 0 Framing Errors : 0 Overrun Errors : 0 \ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
Port Status and Control Screens133The number of stop bits.Parity Errors [rs232AsyncPortParityErrs]The total number of characters with a parity error, input from the port since system re-initialization and while the port state was “up” or “test”.Framing Errors [rs232AsyncPortFramingErrs]The total number of characters with a framing error, input from the port since sys-tem re-initialization and while the port state was “up” or “test”.Overrun Errors [rs232AsyncPortOverrunErrs]The total number of characters with an overrun error, input from the port since sys-tem re-initialization and while the port state was “up” or “test”.Field Name MIB
Port Status and Control Screens134Checking the Ethernet Port StatusFrom the 2.2.3 Ethernet Port Status menu, you can check how many times Ethernet Port errors or conditions occurred, and the status of the Ethernet Transceiver.2.2.3.1 Ethernet Port StatusField Name MIB 2Port Number [dot3StatsIndex]The physical port number is 2.Alignment Errors [dot3StatsAlignmentErrors]The number of frames received on a particular interface that are not an integral number of octets in length and do not pass the FCS check.FCS Errors [dot3StatsFCSErrors]The number of frames received on a particular interface that are an integral number of octets in length but do not pass the FCS check.Single Collision Frames [dot3StatsSingleCollisionFrames]The number of successfully transmitted frames on a particular interface for which transmission is inhibited by exactly one collision 2.2.3.1. Ethernet Port Status Record 1 of 1 Port Number : 2 Alignment Errors : 0 FCS Errors : 0 Single Collisions : 0 Multiple Collisions : 0 SQE Test Errors : 0 Frames Deferred : 0 Late Collisions : 0 Excessive Collisions : 0 Internal MAC Transmit Errors : 0 Carrier Sense Lost : 0 Frames Too Long : 0 Internal MAC Receive Errors : 0\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
Port Status and Control Screens135Multiple Collision Frames [dot3StatsMultipleCollisionFrames]The number of successfully transmitted frames on a particular interface for which transmission is inhibited by more than one collision.SQE Test Errors [dot3StatsSQETestErrors]The number of times that the SQE TEST ERROR message is generated by the PLS sublayer for a particular interface.Deferred Transmissions [dot3StatsDeferredTransmissions]The number of frames which experience a delay for the first transmission attempt on a particular interface because the medium is busy.Late Collisions [dot3StatsLateCollisions]The number of times a collision is detected on a particular interface later than 512 bit-times into the transmission of a packet.Excessive Collisions [dot3StatsExcessiveCollisions]The number of frames which could not be transmitted on a particular interface due to excessive collisions.Internal MAC Transmit Errors[dot3StatsInternalMacTransmitErrors]The number of frames which could not be transmitted on a particular interface due to an internal MAC sublayer transmit error.Carrier Sense Lost [dot3StatsCarrierSenseErrors]The number of times that the carrier sense condition was lost or never asserted when attempting to transmit a frame on a particular interface.Frames Too Long [dot3StatsFrameTooLongs]The number of frames received on a particular interface that exceed the maximum permitted frame size.Internal MAC Receive Errors[dot3StatsInternalMacReceiveErrors]The number of frames for which reception on a particular interface fails due to an internal MAC sublayer receive error.Field Name MIB 2
Port Status and Control Screens1362.2.3.2 Ethernet Transceiver StatusField Name MIB CommentsPort Number [swEtherTransStatusIn-dex]2The Ethernet port number is 2.Link Status [swEtherTransLinkStatus]Tells you if the link is up or down.Chip Speed [swEtherTransSpeedSta-tus]If you have the Ethernet transceiver set to auto-negotiate the chip speed, this tells you at what speed it actually came up.Duplex Mode [swEtherTransDuplexSta-tus]Displays the configuration status of the Transceiver at either full or half duplex mode. 2.2.3.2. Ethernet Transceiver Status Record 1 of 1 Port Link Chip Duplex Number Status Speed Mode ------ ------ ----- ------ 2 Up 10 Mbps Half Duplex\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edi
Port Status and Control Screens137Checking the RF PortUse the 2.2.4 RF Port Status screen to list RF ports and monitor link statistics. The screen displays the information and statistics for a given port.2.2.4 RF Port StatusField Name MIB CommentsPort Number [swRFPortIndex] 3RF physical port number.Port Type [swRFPortType] •Base Port•Sub Port•Base Port Diag•Sub Port DiagThe type of port (driver) this status is displaying.Port Status [swRFPortStatus] • On-line• Off-lineThe operational status of the port.RF data rate [swRFPortBW] •2 Mbs• 5.5 Mbs• 11 MbsThe RF data rate for this port. 2.2.4. RF Port Status Record 1 of 1 Port Number : 3 Port Type : RF Base Port Port Status : Online RF data rate : 5.5 Mbps RF Channel : 2414 Mhz Bytes IN : 0 Bytes OUT : 2703 Frames IN : 749 Frames OUT : 901 Discards IN : 0 Discards OUT : 0 Digital Phase Lock Loop : 0 Frame Length Violation : 0 Non Octet Aligned Frame : 0 Abort Sequence : 0 CRC error : 0 Overrun : 0 Carrier Detect Lost : 0 Underrun : 0 CTS Lost : 0\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
Port Status and Control Screens138RF Channel [swRFPortChannel]]The channel frequency in MHz.Bytes IN and OUT [swRFPortInBytes] and [swRFPortOutBytes]The total number of incoming and outgoing bytes on this port.Frames IN and OUT [swRFPortInFrames] and[swRFPortOutFrames]The total number of incoming and outgoing frames on this port.Discards IN and OUT [swRFPortInDiscards] and [swRFPortOutDiscards]The total number of incoming and outgoing discarded frames (for any reason) on this port.Digital Phase Lock Loop [swRFPortDPLLErrors]The number of Digital Phase Lock Loop error that occurred on this port.Frame Length Violation [swRFPortFrameLength-Errors]The total number of frames with Frame Length Error received on this port.Non Octet Aligned Frame [swRFPortFrameAlign-mentErrors]The total number of Framing Alignment errors on the port.Abort Sequence [swRFPortAbortErrors]The total number of RF frames aborted for any reason on the port.CRC Error [swRFPortCRCErrors]The total number of CRC errors on the port.Overrun [swRFPortOverrunErrors] Reception errorThe number of buffer overflows for this port. Carrier Detect Lost [swRFPortCarrier Detect-Lost]Reception errorThe number of times carrier detect was lost.Field Name MIB Comments
Port Status and Control Screens139Underrun [swRFPortUnderrunEr-rors]Transmission errorThe number of incomplete buffer errors in the communication processor for the port.CTS Lost [swRFPortCTSLost] Transmission errorThe number of times clear to send was lost for the port.Field Name MIB Comments
RF-DLC Screens140RF-DLC ScreensUse these screens to monitor the status of RF-DLC Base and Sub ports. They provide information about frames sent and received, port states, events, actions, etc. The screens in this section are all read-only.Note The base station sends commands to the sub station and receives responses from the sub station.Checking RF-DLC Base Port StatusThe 2.5.1 RF-DLC Base Port Status screen displays statistics that show the number of frames transmitted or received as a response from all sub stations. On the base station, this screen shows a summary of activity from all the sub stations. On sub stations, the values all will be zero.2.5.1 RF-DLC Base Port StatusField Name MIB CommentsPort No. [swRFDLCBasePortIn-dex]3This is the physical RF port. 2.5.1. RF-DLC Base Port Status Record 1 of 1 Prt SNRME FRMR IFrames RR No. TX REC TX REC --- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 3 4 0 127 655 120654 120434 REJ TX 10 UA 2 REJ REC 0 DISC 0 RNR TX 0 UI TX 0 XID TX 1 RD 0 RNR REC 0 UI REC 0 XID REC 1 DM 0 \ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
RF-DLC Screens141SNRME [swRFDLCBasePortSN-RME]The number of Set Normal Response Mode Extended (SNRME) commands sent to all sub stations. A UA is the expected response.FRMR [swRFDLCBasePort-FRMR]The number of Frame reject responses sent from the sub station when it receives an invalid frame.IFrames TX [swRFDLCBase-PortOutIFrame]The number of IFrames transmitted.IFrames REC [swRFDLCBasePortInI-Frame]The number of IFrames received.RR - TX [swRFDLCBase-PortOutRR]The number of Receive ready commands sent to all sub stations.RR - REC [swRFDLCBasePort-INRR]The number of Receive ready responses received from all sub stations.REJ TX [swRFDLCBase-PortOutREJ]The number of Reject commands sent to all sub stations.REJ REC [swRFDLCBasePortInREJ]The number of Reject responses received from all sub stations.RNR TX [swRFDLCBase-PortOutRNR]The number of Receive not ready commands sent to all sub stations.RNR REC [swRFDLCBasePortIn-RNR]The number of Receive not ready responses received from all sub stations.Field Name MIB Comments
RF-DLC Screens142UI TX [swRFDLCBasePortOu-tUI]The number of Unnumbered information commands sent to all sub stations.UI REC [swRFDLCBasePortInUI]The number of Unnumbered information responses received from all sub stations.XID TX [swRFDLCBase-PortOutXID]The number of Exchange station identification commands sent to all sub stations.XID REC [swRFDLCBasePort-InXID]The number of Exchange station identification responses received from all sub sta-tions.UA [swRFDLCBasePortUA]The number of Unnumbered acknowledgement responses received from the sub station.DISC [swRFDLCBasePort-DISC]The number of Disconnect commands sent to all sub stations.RD [swRFDLCBasePortRD]The number of Request disconnect responses received from all sub stations.DM [swRFDLCBasePortDM]The number of Disconnect mode responses received from all sub stations.Field Name MIB Comments
RF-DLC Screens143Checking the Sub Port StatusYou can access the 2.5.2 RF-DLC Sub Port Status screen on either the base station or the sub station. On the base station, this screen shows the status of all the base sub ports (sub station numbers). On the sub station, this screen shows the status of that sub station.2.5.2 RF-DLC Sub Port StatusField Name MIB CommentsPort No. [swRFDLCSubPortIndex]This is the physical RF port or sub station number.SNRME [swRFDLCSubPortSN-RME]The number of Set normal response mode extended (SNRME) commands sent to the sub station. A UA is the expected response.FRMR [swRFDLCSubPortFRMR]The number of Frame reject responses sent from the sub station when it receives an invalid frame.IFrames TX [swRFDLCSub-PortOutIFrame]The number of IFrames transmitted. 2.5.2. RF-DLC Sub Port Status Record 1 of 1Prt SNRME FRMR IFrames RR StateNo. TX REC TX REC--- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----3 4 0 655 127 120434 120654 NRM REJ TX 0 UA 2 REJ REC 10 DISC 0 RNR TX 0 UI TX 0 XID TX 1 RD 0 RNR REC 0 UI REC 0 XID REC 1 DM 0\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
RF-DLC Screens144IFrames REC [swRFDLCSubPortInI-Frame]The number of IFrames received.RR - TX [swRFDLCSub-PortOutRR]The number of Receive ready commands sent to the sub station.RR - REC [swRFDLCSubPortINRR]The number of Receive ready responses received from the sub station.State [swRFDLCSubPortState] •ADP•NRM•NRM-W•NDM•NRDThe current state of the connection with the sub to the base. ADP is Automatic Dis-covery Protocol, NRM is Normal Response Mode, NRM-W is Normal Response Mode-Waiting, NDM is Normal Disconnect Mode, and NRD is Normal Request Disconnect.REJ TX [swRFDLCSub-PortOutREJ]The number of Reject commands sent to the sub station.REJ REC [swRFDLCSubPortInREJ]The number of Reject responses received from the sub station.RNR TX [swRFDLCSub-PortOutRNR]The number of Receive not ready commands sent to the sub station.RNR REC [swRFDLCSubPortIn-RNR]The number of Receive not ready responses received from the sub station.UI TX [swRFDLCSubPortOu-tUI]The number of Unnumbered information commands sent to the sub station.UI REC [swRFDLCSubPortInUI]The number of Unnumbered information responses received from the sub station.Field Name MIB Comments
RF-DLC Screens145XID TX [swRFDLCSub-PortOutXID]The number of Exchange station identification commands sent to the sub station.XID REC [swRFDLCSubPortInXID]The number of Exchange station identification responses received from the sub sta-tion.UA [swRFDLCSubPortUA]The number of Unnumbered acknowledgement responses received from the sub station.DISC [swRFDLCSubPortDISC]The number of Disconnect commands sent to the sub station.RD [swRFDLCSubPortRD]The number of Request disconnect reponses received from the sub station.DM [swRFDLCSubPortDM]The number of Disconnect mode responses received from the sub station.Field Name MIB Comments
RF-DLC Screens146Checking the Polling StatusThe following screen lists the sub stations and displays their IP addresses and the poll list on which they are currently listed. For more information about polling, see “Polling” on page 67.2.5.3 RF-DLC Sub Poll StatusField Name MIB CommentsSub Station NumberThe sub station number, which corresponds to the base sub port number.IP AddressThe IP address of the sub station.Polling Status • Fast Poll• Slow Poll• Inactive PollThe poll list on the base station where this sub station is currently listed.2.5.3. RF-DLC Sub Poll Status Record 1 of 1 Sub Station IP Polling Number Address Status ------- --------------- ------ 256 204.212.131.068 Inactive Poll List
RF-DLC Screens147Checking the RF Signal StatusYou can check the RF signal status for the RF Base Sub Ports.2.5.4 RF Signal StatusField Name MIB CommentsPort Number [swSignalStatusIndex]The port number of the unit for which you are viewing this status.Signal Level (-dBm) [swSignalStatusSig-nalLevel]]The detected signal level for this port. For example, a value of 55 is -55 dBm.Noise Level (-dBm) [swSignalStatus-NoiseLevel]The detected noise level for this port. For example, a value of 85 is -85 dBm. A value of 95 is no noise detected.Signal/Noise (dB) [swSignalStatusSignal-To N o i s e ]The signal to noise ratio. The value indicates Noise Level minus Signal Level. 2.5.4. RF-DLC Signal Status Record 0 of 0 Signal NoisePort Level (-dBm) Level (-dBm) Signal/Noise (dB) Rcv Timeouts/Sec---- ------------ ------------ ----------------- ----------------256 95 95 0 0\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
RF-DLC Screens148Rcv Timeouts/Sec [swSignalStatusRcvToR-ate]The rate of receiver timeouts.Field Name MIB Comments
Bridging Screens149Bridging ScreensChecking Bridge and Spanning Tree StatusThe 2.3.1 Bridge and Spanning Tree Status screen is divided into two parts:• Bridge Status shows you the bridge settings• (If Spanning Tree is enabled) Spanning Tree Status shows you the settings for the Spanning Tree.2.3.1 Bridge and Spanning Tree StatusField Name MIB CommentsBridge Status:Bridge Status:Bridge Status:Bridge Status:Bridge MAC Address [dot1dBaseBridgeAddress]The MAC address used by the bridge as its unique identifier. The bridge MAC Address concatenated with Bridge Priority creates a unique Bridge ID which the Spanning Tree Protocol uses.Number of Bridge Ports [dot1dBaseNumPorts]Minimum of 2 per unit, the Ethernet and the RF ports. On the base station, the number of bridge ports is equal to one plus the number of base sub ports. 2.3.1. Bridge & Spanning Tree Status Bridge Status ------------- Bridge MAC Address : 00:ba:d0:ba:be:00 Number of Bridge Ports : 2 Bridging Type : Transparent only Spanning Tree Status -------------------- Root ID : 4241 00:ba:d0:ba:be:00 Bridge Priority : 16961 Root Port : 0 Bridge Max Age : 20 Root Cost : 0 Bridge Hello Time : 2 Maximum Age : 20 Bridge Forward Delay : 15 Hello Time : 2 Forward Table Timeout: 300 Hold Time : 1 Forward Delay : 15 Time Since Last Topology Change : 2108 Topology Changes : 1\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
Bridging Screens150Bridging Type [dot1dBaseType]Currently Transparent only.Spanning Tree Status:Spanning Tree Status:Spanning Tree Status:Spanning Tree Status:Root ID [dot1dStpDesignatedRoot]The bridge identifier of the root of the Spanning Tree. This value is used as the Root Identifier in all Configuration Bridge PDUs originating from this node.Root Port [dot1dStpRootPort]The number of the port offering the lowest cost path from this bridge to the root bridge.Root Cost [dot1dStpRootCost]The cost of the path to the root bridge from this bridge.Maximum Age [dot1dStpMaxAge] This is the actual value the bridge is currently using.The maximum age of Spanning Tree protocol information learned from the network on any port before it is discarded, in seconds.Hello Time [dot1dStpHelloTime] This is the actual value the bridge is currently using.The amount of time between the transmission of Configuration bridge PDUs by this node on any port when it is the root of the Spanning Tree or trying to become so, in seconds.Hold Time [dot1dStpHoldTime]The interval length during which no more than two Configuration bridge PDUs can be transmitted by this node, in hundredths of a second.Forward Delay [dot1dStpForwardDelay] This is the actual value the bridge is currently using.Controls how fast a port changes its spanning state when moving towards the For-warding state. This value determines how long the port stays in each of the Listening and Learning states, which precede the Forwarding state. This value is also used when a topology change has been detected and is underway to age all dynamic entries in the Forwarding database.Bridge Priority [dot1dStpPriority]A value which is concatenated to the Bridge MAC address and the result is the Bridge ID. The Bridge ID is used in the Spanning Tree Protocol.Field Name MIB Comments
Bridging Screens151For more information about these configuration settings, see “1.3.1 Bridge Configura-tion” on page 90Bridge Max Age [dot1dStpBridgeMaxAge]The value that all bridges use for Max Age when this bridge is acting as the root.Bridge Hello Time [dot1dStpBridgeHelloTime]The value that all bridges use for Hello Time when this bridge is acting as the root.Bridge Forward Delay [dot1dStpBridgeForwardDelay]The value that all bridges use for Forward Delay when this bridge is acting as the root.Forward Table Timeout [dot1dTpAgingTime]The timeout period in seconds for aging out dynamically learned forwarding infor-mation.Time Since last Topology Change[dot1dStpTimeSinceTopologyChange]The time since the last time a topology change was detected by the bridge entity.Topology Changes [dot1dStpTopologyChanges]The total number of topology changes detected by the bridge since the manage-ment entity was last reset or initialized.Field Name MIB Comments
Bridging Screens152Checking Bridge Port StatusUse this screen 2.3.2 Bridge Port Status to monitor frame activity on the bridge port.2.3.2 Bridge Port StatusField Name MIB CommentsPort No. [swBridgePortStatusIn-dex]The physical port number or base sub port (sub station) number. On a sub station, the bridge ports are 2 and 3. On a base station, the bridge ports are 2 and the sub station numbers.Max Info [swBridgePortStatusMax-Info]Maximum size of the information field that this port can transmit or receive.In Frames [swBridgePortStatusIn-Frames]Frames, including bridge management frames, are added into the count only if processed by the bridg-ing function.Total number of frames received on this port. 2.3.2. Bridge Port Status Record 1 of 1 Port Max In Out In MTU Exceeded No. Info Frames Frames Discards Discards ---- ---- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- 2 1492 0 0 0 0\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edi
Bridging Screens153Out Frames [swBridgePortStatusOut-Frames]Frames, including bridge management frames, are added into the count only if processed by the bridg-ing function.Total number of frames transmitted on this port. In Discards [swBridgePortStatusInDis-cards]In Discards is incremented when a packet comes in on a port that is not forwarding, or is destined for a non-forwarding port.MTU Exceeded Discards [swBridgePortStatusMtu-ExceededDiscards]Number of frames that were discarded because they exceeded the maximum trans-fer unit size.Field Name MIB Comments
Bridging Screens154Checking Spanning Tree Port StatusUse screen 2.3.3 Spanning Tree Port Status to check if a port is enabled for Spanning Tree and other statistics. To see the status of each port, press .N for the next port.2.3.3 Spanning Tree Port StatusField Name MIB CommentsPort NumberThe physical port number or base sub port (sub station) number. On a sub station, the bridge ports are 2 and 3. On a base station, the bridge ports are 2 and the sub station numbers.Port State ForwardingThe current state of this bridge port.Port Status EnabledWhether this port is configured for bridging (enabled).Port Path Cost [dot1dStpPortPathCost]The contribution to the path cost towards the Spanning Tree root which includes this port.2.3.3. Spanning Tree Port Status Record 1 of 1 Port Number : 2 Port State : Forwarding Port Status : Enabled Port Path Cost : 10 Designated Root ID : 4241 00:ba:d0:ba:be:00 Designated Cost : 0 Designated Bridge : 4241 00:ba:d0:ba:be:00 Designated Port : 0002 Port Forward Transitions : 1\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
Bridging Screens155Designated Root ID [dot1dStpPortDesignatedRoot]The unique Bridge ID of the root bridge in the Configuration BPDUs transmitted by the Designated Bridge for the segment to which the port is attached.Designated Cost [dot1dStpPortDesignatedCost]The path cost of the Designated port of the segment connected to this port. This value is compared to the Root Path cost field in received bridge PDUs.Designated Bridge [dot1dStpPortDesignatedBridge]The Bridge ID of the bridge which this port considers to be the Designated Bridge for this port’s segment.Designated Port [dot1dStpPortDesignatedPort]The Port Identifier of the port on the Designated Bridge for this port’s segment.Port Forward Transitions [dot1dStpPortForwardTransitions]The number of times this port has transitioned from the Learning state to the For-warding state.Field Name MIB Comments
Bridging Screens156Transparent Bridging Table2.3.4 Transparent Bridging TableField Name MIB CommentsMAC Address [dot1dTPFdbAddress]The Ethernet MAC address learned from the transmitting station.Port [dot1dTPFdbPort]The port number where MAC address was learned.Status [dot1dTPFdbStatus] • Other• Invalid•Learned•Self•MgmtThe status of this entry. Other means none of the following. Invalid means this entry is no longer valid, but has not been flushed from the table. Learned means the MAC Address was learned from the network. Self means the MAC Address represents the port’s MAC address. Mgmt means this entry was statically entered. 2.3.4. Transparent Bridging Table Record 1 of 2 MAC Address Port Status ----------- ---- ------00:00:c4:1c:91:45 3 self00:ba:d0:ba:be:00 2 self\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edi
IP Routing Screens157IP Routing ScreensThe IP Routing status screens include:• IP Protocol Status• IP Address Table•ICMP Status•Arp TableChecking IP Routing StatusUse the 2.4.1.1 IP Protocol Status screen to check the routing configuration, if packets are being forwarded correctly, and to troubleshoot routing problems.This screen also provides you with information on the number and type of packets being routed.2.4.1.1 IP Protocol StatusThis screen is read-only. The RoutingRoutingRoutingRouting field displays “Forwarding” when routing is enabled. To enable routing or change other parameters, go to screen “1.4.1 IP Proto-col Configuration” on page 93, Field Name MIB CommentsIncoming Packets [ipInReceives]The total number of datagrams received from interfaces, including those received in error. 2.4.1.1. IP Protocol Status Incoming Packets : 0 Incoming Discards : 0 Incoming Deliveries : 0 Outgoing Discards : 0 Forwarding Requests : 0 Routing Discards : 0 Outgoing Requests : 0 No Route : 0 Header Errors : 0 Address Error : 0 Unknown Protocol : 0 Fragments Created : 0 Reassembly Requests : 0 Packets Fragmented OK : 0 Packets Reassembled OK : 0 Fragmentation Failures : 0 Reassembly Failure : 0 Reassembly Timeout : 8 Default Time to Live : 64 Routing : Not Forwarding IP Forward Table Entries : 0\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
IP Routing Screens158Incoming Deliveries [ipInDelivers]The total number of input datagrams successfully delivered to IP user-protocols (including ICMP).Forwarding Requests [ipForwDatagramsThe number of input datagrams for which this entity was not their final IP destina-tion, and an attempt was made to find a route toward their final destination.Outgoing Requests [ipOutRequests]The total number of IP datagrams which local IP user-protocols (including ICMP0 supplied to IP in requests for transmission.Incoming Discards [ipInDiscards]The total number of incoming packets that are discarded due to header, address, unknown protocol or reassemble failure errors.Header Errors [ipInHdrErrors]The total number of input datagrams discarded due to errors in their IP headers, including bad checksums, version number mismatches, other format errors, time-to-live exceededs, errors discovered in processing their IP options, etc. Address Errors [ipInAddrErrors]The number of input datagrams discarded because the IP address in their IP header’s destination field was not a valid address to be received at this entity.Unknown Protocol [ipInUnknownProtos]The number of locally-addressed datagrams received successfully but discarded because of an unknown or unsupported protocol.Reassembly Failures [ipReasmFails]The number of packets which could not be reassembled.Outgoing Discards [ipOutDiscards]The total number of IP datagrams for which no problem was found to prevent their transmission to their destination, but which were discarded (e.g., for lack of buffer space).No Route [ipOutNoRoutes]The number of IP datagrams discarded because no route could be found to transmit them to their destination.Field Name MIB Comments
IP Routing Screens159Fragmentation Failures [ipFragFails]The number of IP datagrams that have been discarded because they could not be fragmented as required.Fragments Created [ipFragCreates]The number of IP datagram fragments that have been generated as a result of frag-mentation at this entity.Packets Fragmented OK [ipFragOKs]The number of IP datagrams that have been successfully fragmented at this entity.Reassembly Requests [ipReasmReqds]The number of IP fragments received which needed to be reassembled at this entity.Packets Reassembled OK [ipReasmOKs]The number of IP packets successfully reassembled.Reassembly Timeout [ipReasmTimeout]The maximum number of seconds which received fragments are held while they are awaiting reassembly at this entity.Default Time to Live [ipDefaultTTL]A number which together with the Route Cost determines how many hops a packet is allowed to make before it is discarded. Each time a packet is forwarded, the Default Time to Live (TTL) is decremented by the Route Cost. The packet can continue to be forwarded as long as the Default TTL is not zero. This prevents packets from being forwarded in an endless loop.Routing [ipForwarding]Indicates that this entity is acting as an IP gateway in that it is forwarding datagrams it receives that are not addressed to it.Field Name MIB Comments
IP Routing Screens1602.4.1.2 IP Address TableField Name MIB CommentsIP Port [ipAdEntIPIndex]The physical port configured for IP routing. The Ethernet port is 2; the RF port is 3.IP Address [ipAdEntAddr]The IP address used to route packets on this port.IP Mask [ipAdEntNetMask]The IP Mask to be used for the IP address.IP Broadcast [ipAdEntBcastAddr] 1=Yes; 2=NoWhether IP broadcasts can be sent or received on this port.Reasm. Size [ipAdEntReasmMask] 65535The maximum size a reassembled packet can reach. 2.4.1.2. IP Address Table Record 1 of 2IP Port IP Address IP Mask IP Broadcast Reasm.Size------- --------------- --------------- ------------ ----------2 134.196.034.002 255.255.000.000 1 655353 196.028.145.069 255.255.255.000 1 65535\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edi
IP Routing Screens161Checking ICMP ActivityThe 2.4.1.4 ICMP Status screen provides details on the type of ICMP datagrams that are received and transmitted.2.4.1.4 ICMP StatusIn this screen, the Incoming column reflects the number of ICMP packets received by the SkyWay, and the Outgoing column displays the number transmitted.This screen is read-only.Field Name MIB (Incoming) MIB (Outgoing)Packets [icmpInMsgs] [icmpOutMsgs]This is the total of all ICMP events (Incoming and Outgoing) listed in the rest of this table, including errors.Timestamp Requests [icmpInTimestamps] [icmpOutTimestamps]The number of ICMP Timestamp request messages received.Timestamp Replies [icmpInTimestampReps] [icmpOutTimestam-pReps]The number of ICMP Timestamp reply messages received.ICMP-Specific Errors [icmpInErrors] [icmpOutErrors]The number of ICMP messages which the entity received but determined as having ICMP-specific errors (bad ICMP checksums, bad length, etc.) 2.4.1.4. ICMP Status Incoming: Outgoing: Packets : 0 0 Timestamp Requests : 0 0 Timestamp Replies : 0 0 ICMP-Specific Errors : 0 0 Destination Unreachable Errors : 0 0 Time Exceed Errors : 0 0 Address Mask Requests : 0 0 Address Mask Replies : 0 0 Echo Requests : 0 0 Echo Replies : 0 0 Source Quenches : 0 0 Router Redirects : 0 0 Parameter Problems : 0 0\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edi
IP Routing Screens162Destination Unreachable Errors[icmpInDestUnreachs] [icmpOutDestUnreachs]The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages received. This error is generated if the Default Time to Live count = 0 or less.Time Exceeded Errors [icmpInTimeExcds] [icmpOutTimeExcds]The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages received.Address Mask Requests [icmpInAddrMasks] [icmpOutAddrMasks]The number of ICMP Address Mask Request messages received.Address Mask Replies [icmpInAddrMaskReps] [icmpOutAddrMaskReps]The number of ICMP Address Mask Reply messages received.Echo Requests [icmpInEchos] [icmpOutEchos]The number of ICMP Echo Request messages received. The Ping utility generates an Echo Request to test communications with another unit.Echo Replies [icmpInEchoReps] [icmpOutEchoReps]The number of ICMP Echo Request messages received. The Ping utility expects to receive this type of packet in response to an Echo Request.Source Quenches [icmpInSrcQuenchs] [icmpOutSrcQuenchs]The number of ICMP Source Quenches messages received.Router Redirects [icmpInRedirects] [icmpOutRedirects]The number of ICMP Redirect messages sent.Parameter Problems [icmpInParmProbs] [icmpOutParmProbs]The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages received.Field Name MIB (Incoming) MIB (Outgoing)
IP Routing Screens163Checking the Address Resolution Protocol TableThe Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table contains the physical mapping of MAC to IP addresses. Use this table to add static IP ARP entries. Press .A to begin editing.2.4.1.5 ARP TableField Name MIB (Incoming) MIB (Outgoing)Port [ipNetToMediaIPIndex]The IP port at which the IP address can be reached.IP Address [ipNetToMediaNetAd-dress]The IP address.MAC Address [ipNetToMediaPhysAd-dress]The physical or MAC address.Ty p e [ipNetToMediaType] •STATIC•DYNAMIC•INVALIDWhether this entry is static or dynamic. Static values are user-entered, and dynamic entries are learned from the network. 2.4.1.5. ARP Table Record 0 of 0 Port IP Address MAC Address Type ---- --------------- ----------------- ------\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
Base Station States164Base Station StatesThe following table describes base station states: The following table describes base station events:StatesStatesStatesStates DescriptionDescriptionDescriptionDescriptionInitialization No communications session exists between the base station and the sub station. The base station initializes the session.Wait for Initial Response The base station has sent an RR command frame (with poll bit set) and is waiting for a response.Wait for Set Mode ResponseThe base station has sent an SNRME command frame and is waiting for a response.Wait for XID Response The base station has sent an XID command frame and is waiting for a response.Connected The session has been established and I-Frames may be exchanged.Wait for any Response The base station has sent an supervisory (RR, RNR, REJ) or I-Frame and is waiting for a response.Disconnected The base station has sent a DISC command and is waiting for a response.Events:Events:Events:Events: Description:Description:Description:Description:Poll timer timeout The poll timer has timed out indicating that it is now time to poll the sub station.DM Received A DM response frame was received from the sub sta-tion.RR Received A RR response frame was received from the sub sta-tion.UA Received A UA response frame was received from the sub sta-tion.XID Received A XID response frame was received from the sub sta-tion.Data to transmit The base station has a frame queued to transmit to the sub station.I-Frame Received An I-Frame was received from the sub station.
Base Station States165The following table describes base station actions:RNR Received An RNR frame was received from the sub station.REJ Received An REJ frame was received from the sub station.FRMR Received An FRMR frame was received from the sub station.RD Received An RD frame was received from the sub station.Response TO The response timer expired indicating that the sub sta-tion did not send a response frame within the expected time frame.Actions:Actions:Actions:Actions: Description:Description:Description:Description:Send RR Poll The RR command frame with poll bit set queries the sub station to see if it has data to send or if it has a change in status. Also, the RR carries the Nr count acknowledging the Nr-1 frame sent by the sub station.Send SNRME The SNRME frame starts the communications session with the sub station. It resets the Nr and Ns counts.Send XID The XID command sends configuration information to the sub station.Set Poll Timer The poll timer generates a poll timeout event upon expiration of the poll timer.Set Response Timer The response timer generates a response timeout event upon expiration of the response timer.Send DISC The DISC command terminates the communications session with the sub station.Send I-Frame I-Frames carry bridged and routed LAN traffic.Send UI-Frame UI-Frames carry bridged and routed broadcast LAN traffic.Send RNR Frame The RNR frame indicates to the sub station that the base station is congested and will have to retransmit previously sent I-Frames.Events:Events:Events:Events: Description:Description:Description:Description:
Base Station States166The following table describes base station timers:Sub Station StatesThe following table describes sub station states:The following table describes sub station events:Timers:Timers:Timers:Timers: Description:Description:Description:Description:Poll Timer The poll timer determines when the base station should send a poll frame to the sub station.Response Timer The response timer is set every time a frame is trans-mitted to the sub station and a response frame is expected back. If this timer expires, it indicates that the sub station did not respond within the expected time frame.States:States:States:States: Description:Description:Description:Description:Disconnected No communications session exists between the base station and the sub station.Connected The sub station has an active communication session with the base station. I-Frames may be exchanged only in the connected state.Events:Events:Events:Events: Description:Description:Description:Description:RR Command Received Receive Ready command received from the base sta-tion.RNR Command ReceivedReceive Not Ready command received from the base station.REJ Command Received Reject Command received from the base station.SNRME Command ReceivedSend Normal Response Mode Extended command received from the base station.XID Command Received Exchange station identification command received from the base station.I-Frame Received Information frame received from the base station.UI-Frame Received Unnumbered frame received from the base station.Shutdown Event Disconnect received from the base station.
Base Station States167The following table describes sub station actions:Actions:Actions:Actions:Actions: Description:Description:Description:Description:Send DM A DM response frame replies to all frames received when in the Disconnected state except for a UI or a SNRME frame.Send UA A UA response frame replies to a received DISC or SNRME command frame.Send XID An XID response frame replies to a received XID command frame.Send RD An RD response frame replies to any poll frame in order to initiate a disconnect with the base station.Send RR An RR response frame acknowledges the reception of I-Frames.Send RNR An RNR response frame indicates to the base station that the receiver is congested.Send REJ An REJ response frame indicates to the base station that an error has been detected in a received frame.Send I-Frame The I-Frame carries bridged and routed LAN traffic and is sent in response to either a supervisory or I-Frame.
Status Summary168Status SummaryChecking the Status SummaryThe 2.6 Status Summary screen is useful when you want to check the global parame-ters for all ports.2.6 Status SummaryField Name MIB (Incoming) MIB (Outgoing)Port Number • 1 - Serial port• 2 - Ethernet port•3 - RF port• 256 - 512 (base sub ports)The port number for this record.Port TypeThe type of port to which this row of statistics apply.AddressThe MAC address of this port. 2.6. Status Summary Record 1 of 3 Port Port PhysicalNumber Type Address Bridging IP------ -------------------- ----------------- -------- -- 1 Serial RS-422 00:00:00:00:00:00 No No 2 Ethernet 100Mbit 00:ba:d0:ba:be:00 No Yes 3 RF-DLC Base Port 00:00:c4:1c:91:45 No Yes\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
Status Summary169BridgingWhether bridging is enabled for this port.IPWhether IP routing is enabled for this port.Field Name MIB (Incoming) MIB (Outgoing)
Status Summary170
171Chapter 7: Chapter 7: Chapter 7: Chapter 7: Troubleshooting SkywayTroubleshooting SkywayTroubleshooting SkywayTroubleshooting SkywayTroubleshooting your SkyWay system isn’t as complicated as you may think. Although there are a number of different elements that may be the source of the problem, if you approach troubleshooting systematically, you can often correct the problem yourself, or perhaps with a little help from Solectek Technical Support.This chapter contains a flow chart to help you troubleshoot your system. It also gives you a list of items to have ready when you need to call Solectek for assistance.This chapter provides information on:Symptom/Action Flowchart............................................. 172Before You Call Solectek Tech Support............................ 173
172Symptom/Action FlowchartWireless LinkOperating?Recent changesin network ?Initial InstallIs Routingworking?Is Bridgingworking?Is wireless linkstable?Compare withoriginalconfigurationRF LOS Clear?ProblemSolved?Clear RFSpectrum?Bench TestPass?Call SolectekTechnicalSupportHardwareFailure?InitialConfigurationPass?Revert to lastknown goodconfigurationHardwareproblem?Call SolectekTechnicalSupportENDRecent changesin network ?Revert to lastknown goodconfigurationStartYNYYYYYYYYYYYNNNNNNNNNYYNNIs RF-DLCworking?YNNNInitialize andreconfigure units
Before You Call Solectek Tech Support173Before You Call Solectek Tech SupportBefore you contact Solectek for technical assistance, attempt to troubleshoot the prob-lem by following the flowchart (see “Symptom/Action Flowchart” on page 172). If you cannot resolve it yourself, have the items described in this section ready to provide to the Technical Support Engineer.Detailed description of the problemBe prepared to clearly explain the type of problem you are having.2.1.1 General Status and Control InformationThis information is very important to the Technical Services Engineer that will assist you. Perhaps the easiest way to provide this information is to capture and save the 2.1.1 General Status and Control screen.To capture a screen: 1. Go to screen 2.1.1. General System Status and Control.2. On the Hyperterminal menu bar, select Edit|Select All.3. Ty p e C t r l - CCtrl-CCtrl-CCtrl-C to copy the screen to the Windows clipboard.4. From Windows Start, click Programs|Accessories|Notepad. A Notepad window opens.5. Ty p e C t r l - I n s e r tCtrl-InsertCtrl-InsertCtrl-Insert to paste the screen capture into the Notepad window.6. From the Notepad menu bar, click File|Save As and enter a file name (for example 211GenSysStats.txt211GenSysStats.txt211GenSysStats.txt211GenSysStats.txt). The extension defaults to .txt.The following is an example:2.1.1. General Status and Control * Product Code : Skyway Bridge Serial Number : 12 Board Revision : Version 1 Software Version : Version 1.0 Media Type : Twisted Pair RF Power Type : High Power County Code : United States Antenna Type : No antenna DRAM Size : 32 Mb DRAM Usage (bytes) : 4258216 FLASH Size : 8 Mb FLASH Usage (bytes) : 2589520 VCO type : Package Operational for : 22000 Last Failure Reason : No crash dump Watchdog Timeout : 200010 0 - watchdog timer off each unit is 1.5ms\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit
174Network ConfigurationHave your network information ready, including:• Network diagram• Network configuration•Protocols• ApplicationsRF Network ConfigurationBe prepared to give the Technical Services Engineer your RF configuration, including the distances between each point, the type of antenna at each point, base station, sub station, etc.Logical Network MapHave on hand a topology diagram of your network, if it is available.Bench Test ResultsProvide information from the original bench test you performed on the unit.
175Appendix A: Appendix A: Appendix A: Appendix A: Run-time Menu TreeRun-time Menu TreeRun-time Menu TreeRun-time Menu TreeScreen Description1Configuration Menu1.1 System Configuration Menu 1.1.1 Network Management Security Configuration (Requires User Level = Super; no SNMP access) 1.1.2 Network Management System Configuration 1.1.3 User Access Configuration Menu 1.1.3.1 Add a User(Requires User Level = Super; no SNMP access) 1.1.3.2 Users(Requires User Level = Super; no SNMP access) 1.1.4 General Parameters Configuration1.2 Port Configuration Menu 1.2.1 Serial Port Configuration Menu 1.2.1.1 Serial Port Configuration 1.2.1.2 Serial Transceiver Configuration 1.2.2 Ethernet Port Configuration Menu 1.2.2.1 Ethernet Port Configuration 1.2.2.2 Ethernet Transceiver Configuration
176 1.2.3 RF Port Configuration Menu 1.2.3.1 RF Link Layer Configuration Menu 1.2.3.1.1 RF Base Port Configuration 1.2.3.1.2 RF Sub Port Configuration 1.2.3.1.3 RF Base Sub Port Configuration 1.2.3.1.4 ADP Substation Configuration 1.2.3.2 RF Diagnostic Port Configuration 1.2.3.3 RF Transceiver Configuration 1.2.3.4 Automatic Level Control1.3 Bridge Configuration Menu 1.3.1 Bridge Configuration 1.3.2 Bridge Ports Configuration1.4 Router Configuration Menu 1.4.1 IP Protocol Configuration 1.4.2 IP Port Configuration 1.4.3 IP Static Routes Configuration 1.4.4 BOOTP Configuration1.5 Configuration Summary2 Status and Control Menu2.1 Menu 2.1.1 General Status and Control 2.1.2 Network Management Status Menu 2.1.2.1 SNMP Status 2.1.2.2 SNMP Trap History 2.1.3 Error Log Screen2.2 Port Status and Control Menu 2.2.1 Generic Port Status and Control 2.2.2 Serial Port StatusScreen Description
177 2.2.3 Ethernet Port Status Menu 2.2.3.1 Ethernet Port Status 2.2.3.2 Ethernet Transceiver Status 2.2.4 RF Port Status2.3 Bridge Status Menu 2.3.1 Bridge & Spanning Tree Status 2.3.2 Bridge Port Status 2.3.3 Spanning Tree Port Status 2.3.4 Transparent Bridging Table2.4 Router Status Menu 2.4.1 IP/ICMP/ARP Menu 2.4.1.1 IP Protocol Status 2.4.1.2 IP Address Table 2.4.1.3 ICMP Status 2.4.1.4 ARP Table 2.4.2 UDP/BOOTP Menu 2.4.2.1 UDP Status 2.4.2.2 UDP Listen Table 2.4.2.3 BOOTP Status2.5 RF-DLC Status Menu 2.5.1 RF-DLC Base Port Status 2.5.2 RF-DLC Sub Port Status 2.5.3 RF-DLC Sub Poll Status 2.5.4 RF-DLC Signal Status2.6 Status Summary3Utilities Menu3.1 File Transfer Utilities Menu 3.1.1 TFTP File Transfer MenuScreen Description
178 3.1.1.1 TFTP Server Configuration 3.1.1.2 TFTP File Transfer 3.1.2 Ymodem File Transfer 3.1.3 Xmodem File Transfer 3.1.4 File Directory3.2 Ping Utility3.3 Flush Tables4Diagnostics Menu4.1 RF Base Radio Test4.2 RF Sub Radio Test4.3 Field Support 4.3.1 LMX Synthesizer Field Support 4.3.2 Modulator/Demodulator Field Support 4.3.3 Baseband Processor Registers Field Support 4.3.4 Automatic Level Control Field Support5Start Application6Log OffScreen Description
179Appendix B: Appendix B: Appendix B: Appendix B: BIOS Menu Tree Summary TableBIOS Menu Tree Summary TableBIOS Menu Tree Summary TableBIOS Menu Tree Summary TableScreen Description1Configuration Menu 1.1 System 1.2 Serial Port 1.3 Serial Transceiver 1.4 Ethernet Port 1.5 Ethernet Transceiver 1.6 Factory Configuration2Diagnostics 2.1 DRAM Diagnostics 2.2 Flash Diagnostics 2.3 Ethernet Diagnostics 2.4 Loop Through All Diagnostics3 Files4Utilities 4.1 YMODEM 4.2 XMODEM 4.3 Configuration Database Service
180 4.4 Real Time Clock5Error Log6User Screens 6.1 Add a User 6.2 Users7 Reset SkyWay8Start Application9Log OffScreen Description
181Appendix C: Appendix C: Appendix C: Appendix C: Interface Specifications and Interface Specifications and Interface Specifications and Interface Specifications and PinoutsPinoutsPinoutsPinoutsThe SkyWay bridge/router uses these cables:• an LMR-400 RF cable connects to the antenna• a DC Power cable connects to an DC converter inside the building• an Administration Console (serial) cable connects to a terminal, workstation, or dedicated modem inside the building• either a 10 Base-T/100 Base-TX or 100 Base-FX Ethernet cable connects to a LAN server inside the buildingCaution Although Solectek does not recommend it, you may find it necessary to cut the con-nectors off the cables so that you can feed the cables through conduit in the roof inside the building. Cut only the connectors on the indoorindoorindoorindoor side (not those that connect directly to the SkyWay) from the ends of the DC power cable, serial cable, and 10 Base-T/100 Base-TX Ethernet cables only - nevernevernevernever cut the RF cable or the 100 Base-FX fiber optic cable. After feeding the cable through the conduit, use the pinout informa-tion provided in this Appendix to reattach the connectors to the cables.
182DC Power Cable (Female DC Jack)Note If you find it necessary to cut this connector, cut the cable and not into the molded area around the connector.Pin NumberPin NumberPin NumberPin Number PurposePurposePurposePurpose ColorColorColorColorBarrel Ground WHTCenter Hot BLKDrain Not ConnectedCenterBarrelDrain
Console Cable (Serial RS-422: DB9)183Console Cable (Serial RS-422: DB9)Pin NumberPin NumberPin NumberPin Number ColorColorColorColor1ORN/WHT2WHT/ORN3GRN/WHT4WHT/GRN5BLU/WHT6Not connected7Not connected8Not connected9BRN/WHT19
18410 Base-T/100 Base-TX (Ethernet Cable: RJ-45)Note: Do not cut Note: Do not cut Note: Do not cut Note: Do not cut the 100 Base-FX (fiber optic) cable.Pin Number Color1WHT/ORN2ORN/WHT3WHT/GRN4BLU/WHT5 WHT/BLU6GRN/WHT7WHT/BRN8BRN/WHT81
185Appendix D: Appendix D: Appendix D: Appendix D: Detailed Product Specifications Detailed Product Specifications Detailed Product Specifications Detailed Product Specifications Features and Interfaces:RF Modem Speeds: 11 Mbps, 5.5 Mbps, and 2 Mbps (by menu selection)RF Protocol: Solectek polling protocol for reliable links of any distance without RF “signal capture” or “hidden node” effects.Wide Area Network Architectures:Point-to Point (one-to-one) and/or Multi-Point (one-to-many), 64 sub station maximum, standard with all SkyWay models. Multiple systems may be co-located and run back-to-back to extend link distances and/or cover multiple sec-tors from the same mast.Wireless Link Dis-tance:Up to 30 miles (48 Km) per pair with clear radio line of sight depending on antenna selected. All equipment (except antenna and cables) included with standard system. No additional amplifiers required.Media Interfaces, Bridging, and Routing Protocols:IEEE 802.3 Ethernet: IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree, trans-parent MAC layer bridging, IP static routing.LAN Interfaces: Ethernet only: 10/100 Mbps twisted-pair 100Base-FX (fiber optic)Management Capa-bilities:• SNMP MIB II, Custom MIB in-band•TFTP in-band• RS-422, ANSI Console, X-modem, Y-modem
186Radio Characteristics:Frequency: 2.4 to 2.4835 GHzRadio Channels: From 2.4 to 2.475 GHz @6 MHz intervals--11 channelsRF Coding: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Bit Error Rate (BER): • 11 Mbps 1x10-8 @-83 dBm• 5.5 Mbps - 1x10-8 @ -86 dBm• 2 Mbps - 1x10-8 @ -90 dBmRF Security Codes: 128 variations availableRadio License Required:No user license required. Certified for user installation and unlicensed operation per FCC 15.247 and FCC 15.203.Hardware:Chassis Type: Single, sealed, mast-mounted unit. UL Outdoor certifica-tions.Chassis Specifications: 8.5” W x 14” L x 3.5” H (.21m W x .35m L x .08m H)Chassis Environmental:-30C to +70CPower Supply: Input: Autosensing 100-250 VAC / Output: +48 VDCPower Consumption: .5 amps @ 48 VDCCertifications: FCC Class A, UL Outdoor, Industrie Canada, ETSISkyWay to Antenna Cable:8 foot (2.4m) chassis-to-antenna cable suppliedSkyWay to Hub/Router:Standard cable available in lengths of 100 feet, 200 feet, and 300 feet (30m, 60m, and 90m)Antennas: Various types of FCC certified grid, flat panel, sectoral, and omni-directional antennas are available from Solectek depending on wireless link distance and application requirements. Antennas sold separately.Options: 100Base-FX Fiber, or country-specific RF power levels (e.g., ETSI for Europe)
187Appendix E: Appendix E: Appendix E: Appendix E: Supported Protocols Supported Protocols Supported Protocols Supported Protocols Supported protocols are those that are bridged or routed, and those used for manag-ing SkyWay and file transfer.Bridged ProtocolsSkyWay supports all standard protocols on standard Ethernet for bridging: •NetBEUI•NetBIOS•DECNet•Ethertalk• Any IEEE 802.3 or EtherII Ethernet Frame• 802.1d Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)Routed ProtocolsSkyWay supports the following protocols that are routed:• IP Version 4 with support for BOOTP Relay and Proxy ARP• Static IP Routing onlyManagement ProtocolsSkyWay supports the following protocols for managing the SkyWay or for file transfer:• SMNPv1 and SNMPv2•TFTP•PING (ICMP Echo)• Xmodem and Ymodem (serial file transfer)• VT100 console (serial console)
188
189Appendix F: Appendix F: Appendix F: Appendix F: Error Codes Error Codes Error Codes Error Codes The following table contains the error status codes for SNMPv2 and their correspond-ing codes for SNMPv1:Error NumberError Status (SNMPv2)Error Status (SNMPv1)0 No Error No Error1To o B i g To o B i g2 No Such Name No Such Name3Bad Value Bad Value4 Read Only Read Only5General Error General Error6 No Access No Such Name7Wrong Type Bad Value8 Wrong Length Bad Value9Wrong Encoding Bad Value10 Wrong Value Bad Value11 No Creation No Such Name12 Inconsistent Value No Such Name13 Resource UnavailableGeneral Error
19014 Commit Failed General Error15 Undo Failed General Error16 Authorization ErrorNo Such Name17 Not Writable No Such Name18 Inconsistent NameNo Such nameError NumberError Status (SNMPv2)Error Status (SNMPv1)
191Appendix G: Appendix G: Appendix G: Appendix G: SNMP Trap Messages SNMP Trap Messages SNMP Trap Messages SNMP Trap Messages The following table contains the SNMP traps, and a short description.SNMP Trap Name DescriptioncoldStart Indicates the unit is reinitializing.linkDown Indicates a failure in one of the com-munication links.linkUp Indicates a communication link has been reestablished.authenticationFailure Indicates the intended recipient of a packet was not properly authenti-cated.newRoot Indicates that the sending entity has become the new root of the Spanning Tree.topologyChange Indicates that the bridge’s ports transi-tioned from the Learning state to the Forwarding state, or from the For-warding state to the Blocking state, except when a newRoot trap is sent for the same transition.
192
193Appendix H: Appendix H: Appendix H: Appendix H: Installation Recording FormInstallation Recording FormInstallation Recording FormInstallation Recording FormUse this form to record installation information.Date Installed:Location/Address:Location Coordinates:MAC Address:Serial Number:Base or Sub: RF Port Mode:For Sub Station: Sub Station Number:RF IP Address: IP Address: Network Mask:IP Address: Port 3 Port 3RF Channel Number: Port 2 Port 2Antenna Type:Antenna Polarization:Signal Level:Signal/Noise Ratio:For Base Station: Number of attached Sub Stations
194Antenna Mounting Height:Azimuth of Antenna Centerline:Is Antenna Mast or Tower Grounded?Cable Length: RS-422:Ethernet:Power:Routing: Enabled or Disabled
195Appendix I: Appendix I: Appendix I: Appendix I: Sources of SNMP Management Sources of SNMP Management Sources of SNMP Management Sources of SNMP Management SoftwareSoftwareSoftwareSoftwareThe following SNMP managers are available:1. HP Open View (Hewlett-Packard)Visit www.openview.hp.com/contact/ and look for an authorized reseller near you.2. SNMPC Network Management for WindowsCastle Rock Computing12930 Saratoga Ave.Saratoga, CA 95070www.castlerock.com3. CatalystVisit www.catalyst.com and either purchase online or look for an authorized reseller near you.
196
197Appendix J: Appendix J: Appendix J: Appendix J: Glossary and Basic ConceptsGlossary and Basic ConceptsGlossary and Basic ConceptsGlossary and Basic ConceptsThis chapter provides a list of important terms and basic concepts you should under-stand while working with SkyWay.It includes the following information:Basic Concepts ............................................................... 198Units of Measure ............................................................ 201Connection Types........................................................... 203Antennas ........................................................................ 204Protocols........................................................................ 208Equipment...................................................................... 209Site Survey ..................................................................... 210
198Basic ConceptsRadio Signals To visualize radio (RF) waves, consider the waves created when an object moves in water. Water waves are strongest near their source, but they decrease in size as they spread in all directions. Radio waves fan out from their source in a similar manner. They travel best in empty space, but they can also pass through gasses, such as air, and many other substances. The lower the frequency of an RF signal, the more substances it can penetrate. The ability of a directional antenna to focus radio waves is analogous to a magnifying glass focusing sunlight into a very concentrated hot spot.A directional antenna focuses the waves in one direction. It forms them into a conical shape that makes them stronger and enables them to travel greater distances. In the same way that light is focused by a magnifying glass, an RF signal shaped by an antenna is strongest within a narrow area at the center of the cone. We call this area the center lobe. For optimum long-distance reception, an antenna must be aligned to receive the center lobe signal, and the signal path must be free of obstructions.The signal forms a cone asit leaves the antenna.
Basic Concepts199Frequency is the cycling rate of the signal wave. Amplitude is the height or strength of the signal wave. A radio can be tuned to a frequency so that the receiver is aligned with the peaks and valleys of the RF wave. The receiver can then detect when the wave is out of phase.Radio waves can carry messages in different ways. The radios in our homes and cars convey sounds in a continuous stream (analog). The signals are strong, and the sounds are inscribed in the wave as small variations in the amplitude (AM) or frequency (FM). Phase Shift Key. There are also many ways to carry digital radio signals. One of the common choices is Phase Shift Key (PSK). PSK shifts the phase of the signal to indicate the status for each bit of data in the message. Digital, on/off, phase-shift signals are eas-ier to decipher than the countless variations in an analog sound signal.ISM Bands The FCC regulates the available frequencies to support a maximum number of users. By placing limits on signal strength (wattage and gain), the FCC has been able to accommodate the needs of multiple broadcasters in high-use areas with three small bands of frequency. If you comply with FCC restrictions, you may broadcast within the Industry, Science, and Medicine (ISM) bands without a license. The ISM bands include the 2.4 GHz band, the 902-928 MHz band, and the 5.725-5.850 GHz band. Solectek products are approved for unlicensed broadcasting within the ISM bands if used in the packaged configurations approved by the FCC. To avoid FCC penalties and maintain your warranty, you must use Solectek products in their FCC-approved config-urations. It is illegal to substitute cables, antennas, or other system components. 2.4 GHz Frequency Characteristics. The 2.4 GHz band is good for long-distance transmissions. It is rarely affected by static interference. There are multiple channels within the 2.4 GHz band.
200Spread Spectrum Spread spectrum spreads the transmission over different frequencies within its assigned bands. There are four variations of spread spectrum technology, but for internetwork-ing purposes Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) with DPSK is the one most frequently used. DSSS continuously distributes the signal across a portion of the fre-quency band. DSSS resists interference from other RF signals, static from nearby elec-tronic devices, and fading. DSSS is also highly secure because the signal appears as noise to non-DSSS receivers or DSSS receivers that are set to process a different spec-trum.
Units of Measure201Units of MeasureAttenuation andGainAttenuation is a decrease in amplitude due to signal absorption or dispersion. Gain is an increase in amplitude due to different forms of signal enhancement, such as the use of an antenna to focus the signal. Amplitude and gain are measured in decibels (dB).Antenna gain is measured relative to the strength of the signal you would receive at any given distance using an antenna with no gain (such as a dipole or theoretic Isotropic antenna). The antennas at both ends of the link can enhance signal gain. The total gain for a connec-tion between two antennas is the product of the gains for both antennas.SignalMeasurementTo measure the size and strength of a signal meaningfully, we must consider the following: • A signal widens with distance. To calculate the height and width of a signal, we must know the distance from its source. • A signal has no distinct outer edge. It is strongest in a narrow focused area (center lobe), and it fades out gradually as distance increases from the center lobe. How we measure the cone –How we measure the cone –How we measure the cone –How we measure the cone – To indicate the shape of the cone, we measure its expansion in degrees.How we measure signal strength –How we measure signal strength –How we measure signal strength –How we measure signal strength – We measure signal strength relative to the center point where the signal is strongest, but we generally do not say how strong the signal is at that point. How we measure signal width –How we measure signal width –How we measure signal width –How we measure signal width – To avoid measuring from a nebulous edge, we measure across the center point at different bands of signal strength. The number of decibels (dB units) indicates threshold points relative to the center point. For example, the beam width of the Solectek dish antenna we define as 17.5× maximum at 3 dB elevation. Three dB is a threshold within the cone where the signal’s strength is 50% lower than its strength at the center. The drawing below shows the beam width at different dB increments relative to the center of a signal formed by a dish antenna.Decibel. The decibel (dB) is used as a measure of both attenuation and gain. 3 dB = 50% signal strength1 dB = 80% signal strengthcenter lobe = 100% signal strength1 dB = 80% signal strength3 dB = 50% signal strength
202It measures signal strength relative to some type of reference signal. Decibel measure-ments are often referenced to the following values:• The signal at its source • The center point in the cone radiating from a directional antenna at any dis-tance from its source. • One milliwatt. dBm is the unit of measure used when signal strength is mea-sured in decibels relative to one milliwatt. • An antenna with no gain. dBi is the unit of measure used when signal strength is measured in decibels relative to a fictitious isotropic antenna with no gain.The decibel is a logarithmic measure calculated in base-ten. At 3 dB, a signal has half the strength of the center lobe signal (not one-third the strength), and a gain of six dBi is four times stronger than the signal from an antenna with no gain (not six times stronger).EIRP. Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is a measure of source signal strength that combines broadcasting power (measured in watts) with the effect of antenna signal gain (measured in dBi). Fading. Temporary reductions in received signal strength are known as fading. Fading normally results from intermittent interference. Fade margin is a margin of extra signal strength built into the system to compensate for fading. For terrestrial links, the most common cause of fading is multipath (deflected signals arriving out of phase) and foliage within the signal path.Interference. Interference refers to anything that blocks or degrades an RF signal. There are three basic forms of interference:• Atmospheric interference can result from sky noise or lightning in the signal path. • RF interference is generally caused by nearby activity in the same RF band (in-band interference). Also very strong out-of-band activity can interfere with an RF signal. Any wireless equipment can be a potential source of interference.• Objects in the signal path can cause interference. The bending of signals as they pass around obstructions or are deflected by them is known as diffraction. Diffraction can damage signal quality if the diffracted signals arrive out of phase. A glass window can attenuate the signal to some extent. Some types of mir-rored glass can almost totally block the signal. Signals passing through the side of a wooden building or a forest are also attenuated. Wet leaves can affect a signal substantially. The success of an RF link depends on a clear line of sight.
Connection Types203Connection TypesLAN. A Local Area Network (LAN) links workstations, processors, and other equip-ment within a local area, such as the inside of a building. WAN. A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network with connections spanning broader distances than a LAN and typically with connections to the Public Switched Telecommunications Network (PSTW). A WAN might connect locations in different buildings or different geographic regions. Internetwork. An internetwork is formed by linking networks to other networks or devices. For example, a link between local area networks in different buildings creates an internetwork.Point-to-Point. A point-to-point connection is a direct link between locations. Multipoint. A network or internetwork with multiple sites. A large multipoint con-nection generally uses a central site to pass messages between the locations, and the individual locations (substations) have direct connections to the central site, but not to each other.
204AntennasAntennas come in different configurations to serve different needs. To span large dis-tances, you must narrow the signal into a focused beam. The more focused is the sig-nal, the greater is the gain. Since narrowing the signal increases the gain, you are allowed to exceed six dB only if you reduce the power to less than 1 watt under FCC rule Part 15.247. On the other hand, a 360o omnidirectional antenna has only a four-fold gain, so it can use the maximum allowable one watt of power. Antenna Types Directional. A directional antenna focuses the signal into a narrow beam. For 2.4 GHz systems, dish antennas achieve the highest gain and span the greatest distances. Solectek’s dish antenna has 21 dBi of gain, and when using a transmit power of 15 dBm (a small fraction of one watt) the EIRP is 36 dBm (the FCC maximum allowable). In the 902-928 MHz range, yagi antennas achieve the highest gain and span the greatest dis-tances.In addition to concentrating signal strength, directional antennas also: • Reduce the strength of second Fresnel zone reflections, thus reducing the potential for interference. • Reduce interference from other RF devices within the same frequency range at distances closer than the target antenna. Multidirectional. Multidirectional antennas are used for connections where several interfacing antennas are located in the same general direction. To achieve directionality with a 2.4 GHz system, Solectek uses an antenna with a sectoral. Because multidirec-tional antennas have a more focused beam than omnidirectional antennas, they achieve higher gain and have greater spanning distances. Omnidirectional. Omnidirectional antennas are used for connections where the interfacing antennas are located in opposing directions. Because the focus of an omni-directional antenna is 360 degrees, it has less gain and spans a smaller distance than other types of antennas. Antenna Alignment Antenna Polarization. To improve the isolation between adjacent antenna installa-tions, in addition to using different channels, you can change polarization. Consult your Solectek systems engineer for specific details. Fresnel Zones. Waves can be deflected by objects in their paths. If a wave from an outer band of the cone (see Radio Signals) is deflected back through the center lobe, it can either strengthen that signal or reduce its strength, depending on how the waves
Antennas205align when they collide. A glancing deflection changes the angle of the wave very little, so it remains generally in phase with the wave at the center lobe. Within the signal span, there are zones where deflected signals are generally in phase with the center lobe signal, and there are other zones where deflected signals are gen-erally out of phase with the center lobe signal. We refer to these zones as Fresnel (frËnl) zones. The first Fresnel zone surrounds the center lobe where the RF signal is strongest. If more than 40% of the first Fresnel zone is obstructed, your RF line of sight is not suffi-ciently clear. In the first Fresnel zone and all the odd numbered Fresnel zones, deflected signals are generally in phase with or the center lobe signal. In the second Fresnel zone, and all even-numbered Fresnel zones, deflected signals are up to 180× out of phase with the center lobe signal. Signals deflected from the second Fresnel zone can cause Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) which can result in great losses of the center lobe signal. To avoid this problem, you must place your antenna at a height that is out of range from F2 deflections. (An antenna can be set too high as well as too low.) Where deflection and diffraction from ground-based objects cause inter-ference, even a small relocation of the antenna often produces a substantial improve-ment. Line of Sight. Radio transmission requires a clear path between antennas known as radio line of sight. It is necessary to understand the requirements for radio line of sight when designing a network using Solectek equipment. Radio line of sight and visual
206(optical) line of sight are different. Consult your Solectek dealer or Solectek’s Web site at www.solectek.com for more information.If any one station is beyond the listening range of any other station, both of these sta-tions might transmit simultaneously. The result is called a collision, and it generally results in lost data. The CSMA/CA protocol was created to resolve this problem.CSMA/CA. Some manufacturers use Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol to avoid collisions in communications between sub-stations on lightly loaded wireless systems. Solectek products do not use CSMA/CA, however, because this protocol suffers from severe limitations described in the follow-ing paragraphs.To avoid collisions, a station wanting to transmit listens first for other stations. If the air-way is busy, it tries again later. As more sites are added, throughput demands increase, and stations may repeatedly try to send data as other stations are transmitting. Under these circumstances CSMA/CA collision avoidance breaks down, and the following problems can occur: Capture effect – Capture effect – Capture effect – Capture effect – Sites with strong signals overpower sites with weak signals and domi-nate the bandwidth used for transmission.Collision Avoidance locks – Collision Avoidance locks – Collision Avoidance locks – Collision Avoidance locks – Stations waiting for an open airway get stuck in Collision Avoidance mode. “Hidden Node” Effect – “Hidden Node” Effect – “Hidden Node” Effect – “Hidden Node” Effect – All stations must have clear radio line of sight to all other sta-tions to have direct communications. This is often impossible to achieve.Because of these limitations, CSMA/CA has problems supporting wireless inter-building applications that require continuous, high data throughput between multiple sites. Due to these CSMA/CA limitations, Solectek products DO NOT use CSMA/CA. Signal collisions occur when two stations trans-mit at the same time. If strong stations over-power weaker stations, weaker stations may never get to broadcast.
Antennas207RF-DLC Base Station / Substation Polling Protocol. To overcome the CSMA/CA limitations mentioned above, Solectek has developed a base station / substation polling protocol called RF-DLC. The RF-DLC protocol allows for higher throughput under heavy load than systems using CSMA/CA or other similar protocols. The base station allocates substation access to the internetwork. It polls each substation and allows a designated time for the substation to respond. This polling protocol has the following advantages:• To avoid the capture effect where strong stations dominate, the base station partials out time to substations needing to broadcast. • If a connection is lost, the disconnected station does not respond to polling. When a station times out without responding, the connection is recovered. • Individual substations on the network do not need to listen to each other to avoid collisions. Since the base station manages all broadcasts, no two substa-tions can transmit at the same time.
208ProtocolsIP. Internetwork Protocol (IP) is a routing protocol used to direct both outgoing and incoming messages based on an internetwork addresses. Spanning Tree. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a bridging protocol based on an IEEE 802.1 standard technique for ensuring efficient paths between bridged networks. Where multiple paths exist, the Spanning Tree algorithm calculates the best path to use. If that path deadends or gets mired in a loop, STP reconfigures the network to use another path.
Equipment209EquipmentConsole A VT-100 terminal or workstation with VT-100 terminal emulation capability and ter-minal emulation software (such as Hyperterm).Protocol Analyzer A protocol analyzer or LAN analyzer is a device used to analyze LAN system activity. It receives all frames transmitted over the LAN, regardless of address, and provides a detailed analysis. This tool is useful for learning the quantity of traffic and the character-istics and protocols of the data being processed by a wireless bridge. Spectrum Analyzer A spectrum analyzer is a tunable instrument which graphically displays signals it detects within a selected band of the RF spectrum. The spectrum analyzer can be used for sev-eral purposes during site surveys or for problem diagnosis. For example, by detecting an existing signal in a broadcast band you want to use, the spectrum analyzer can alert you to a potential source of interference.Topological Map A topological map allows you to study the terrain between antenna sites that are out of view from one another. You can purchase inexpensive topological maps from the US Geographical Survey, Denver, Colorado 802225.
210Site SurveyA site survey provides the studies and analysis needed to assure success in a wireless internetwork design. A site survey is particularly important for long distance and multi-point connections, and it is essential if there is any doubt whether a wireless internet-work is feasible or practical for the application.Site surveys may include few or many studies, depending on the difficulty of the instal-lation and the questions to be answered. Two survey study options include terrain analysis and spectrum analysis (see spectrum analyzer). The site survey may include any or all of the following information:• The types of antennas and other components best suited to achieve the dis-tance and multipoint spanning requirements• How high the antennas must be to avoid obstructions and out-of-phase deflections • Potential sources of interference in the alternative RF bands • The best configuration (base/sub station or point-to-point) • The best location for each component• The federal, state, and local requirements that apply for mast construction and electrical grounding in your area. Terrain Analysis Terrain analysis charts the terrain between antennas in order to calculate the best loca-tion and height for the antennas. This calculation must consider several factors. For example:• The height of the lower half of the first Fresnel zone between the antennas rel-ative to the highest obstructions• The distances spanned, the number of sites linked, and the types of antennas needed to reach all the sites • The margins required to achieve your reliability objectives The following chart shows 100% of the lower half of the first Fresnel zone for a link spanning nearly 13 miles with recommended antenna heights of 240 and 70 feet. Although a mountain is shown blocking part of the F1 signal path between the anten-
Site Survey211nas, it is not essential to maintain a free space path of 100%. Note that this chart does not show ground cover objects, such as trees or buildings.The next chart shows the same terrain with the same antenna heights, but it calculates based on the recommended minimum limit of 60% (.6) free-space in the lower half of the F1 zone. This graphically shows the minimum RF line of sight requirements for the antennas.
212
213Appendix K: Appendix K: Appendix K: Appendix K: Skyway AntennasSkyway AntennasSkyway AntennasSkyway AntennasA good wireless connection depends on the antenna you choose and mount.This chapter contains information about the following antennas:7002301: 6 dBi Omni Directional Antenna ..................... 2147002401: 11 dBi Omni Directional Antenna ................... 2167002501: 16 dBi Outdoor Flat Panel Directional Antenna 2187002601: 17 dBi Outdoor Flat Panel Directional Antenna 2207002701: 22 dBi Outdoor High gain Flat Panel Directional Antenna.......................................................................... 2227002801: 8 dBi Indoor/Outdoor Patch Antenna.............. 2247002901: 12 dBi 110 ° Outdoor Sectorial Antenna ......... 226Note: All omni antennas should be mounted above the SkyWay bridge/router, near the very top of the mast.Note: Antennas are not shown to scale.Note: Solectek’s antennas are all weather units and we recommend that a professional installer perform the installation.Note: All SkyWay Series antenna are supplied with a standard 8 ft coaxial pigtail (LMR400) to interface with the transceiver.Installation Instructions
2147002301: 6 dBi Omni Directional AntennaSpecificationsFrequency 2.4000 to 2.4835 GHzNet Gain 6.0 dBi3dB Beam width (E. Plane) 20 °Front to Back ratio N/A – OmnidirectionalPolarity Vertical, fixedCross polarity rejection n/aVSWR (Average) 1.5:1Impedance 50 τCoaxial pigtail length (to ODU)Rated wind velocity 125 mph (201 kph)Wind loading @ rated wind velocity 3.76 lbs (1.71 kg)Elevation adjustment n/aSize 10.5 in l x 5/8 in dia. (266.7 mm l x 15.88 mm dia)Weight 0.375 lbs (.1701 kg)Radome UV stabilized fiberglassMounting hardware Stainless steel clampMast diameter .75 in to 3.0 in (19.05 mm to 76.2 mm) OD pipe
7002301: 6 dBi Omni Directional Antenna215Wall MountNote. Since the antenna must be mounted above the SkyWay, do not use the wall mount if the SkyWay is mounted on a mast.1. Prepare the wall as necessary (e.g., measure and drill holes, set screw anchors).2. Insert and tighten two screws through pre-drilled mounting holes.Mast Mount1. Attach the antenna to the mast with two hose clamps seated in grooves on the bracket.
2167002401: 11 dBi Omni Directional AntennaSpecificationsFrequency 2.4000 to 2.4835 GHzNet Gain 11.0 dBi3dB Beam width (E. Plane) 12oFront to Back ratio N/A – OmnidirectionalPolarity Vertical, fixedCross polarity rejection n/aVSWR (Average) 1.5:1Impedance 50 τCoaxial pigtail length (to ODU)Rated wind velocity 135 mph (217 kph)Wind loading @ rated wind velocity 4.0 lbs (1.81 kg)Elevation adjustment n/aSize 37 in l x .7 in dia. (939.8 mm l x 17.78 mm dia.)Weight 0.88 lbs (0.4 kg)
7002401: 11 dBi Omni Directional Antenna217Wall MountNote. Since the antenna must be mounted above the SkyWay, do not use the wall mount if the SkyWay is mounted on a mast.1. Prepare the wall as necessary (e.g., measure and drill holes, set screw anchors).2. Use two screws to attach the bracket to a backplate, then attach the back plate to the wallMast MountUse the bracket and U-bolt assembly to attach the cable to the mast.Radome UV stabilized fiberglassMounting hardware Galvanized and stainless steel clampMast diameter .75 in to 2.0 in (19.05 mm to 50.8 mm OD pipeSpecifications (Continued)
2187002501: 16 dBi Outdoor Flat Panel Directional AntennaNote: This antenna is designed to be used as a bridge between two networks or for point-to-point communications in the ISM band (2.4 GHz) only.SpecificationsFrequency 2.4000 to 2.4835 GHzNet Gain 16.0 dBi3dB Beam width (E. Plane)Front to Back ratioPolarity Vertical (default) or horizontal; field changeableCross polarity rejectionVSWR (Average) 1.5:1Impedance 50 τCoaxial pigtail length (to ODU)Rated wind velocityWind loading @ rated wind velocityElevation adjustmentSizeWeight
7002501: 16 dBi Outdoor Flat Panel Directional Antenna219Wall MountNote. Since the antenna must be mounted above the SkyWay, do not use the wall mount if the SkyWay is mounted on a mast.1. Prepare the wall as necessary (e.g., measure and drill holes, set screw anchors).2. Use four screws to attach the provided wall mount to the wall.Mast Mount1. Attach it to the mast with a U-clamp. 2. Tighten the clamp with your fingers.RadomeReflector materialMounting hardwareMast diameter .75 in to 3.0 in (19.05 mm to 76.2 mm) OD pipeSpecifications (Continued)
2207002601: 17 dBi Outdoor Flat Panel Directional AntennaNote: This antenna is designed to be used as a bridge between two networks or for point-to-point communications in the ISM band (2.4 GHz) only.SpecificationsFrequency 2.4000 to 2.4835 GHzNet Gain 17.0 dBi3dB Beam width (E. Plane)Front to Back ratioPolarity Vertical (default) or horizontal; field changeableCross polarity rejectionVSWR (Average) 1.5:1Impedance 50 τCoaxial pigtail length (to ODU)Rated wind velocityWind loading @ rated wind velocityElevation adjustment
7002601: 17 dBi Outdoor Flat Panel Directional Antenna221Wall MountNot available.Mast MountNote: Use a 9/16 in wrench to tighten the bolts.1. Use four bolts to attach the lower part of the bracket to the square antenna.2. Adjust the tilt on the center section using the 2 bolts.3. Use four bolts to anchor the bracket to the mast with two U-bolts.SizeWeightRadomeReflector materialMounting hardwareMast diameter .75 in to 3.0 in (19.05 mm to 76.2 mm) OD pipeSpecifications (Continued)
2227002701: 22 dBi Outdoor High gain Flat Panel Directional AntennaNote: This antenna is designed to be used as a bridge between two networks or for point-to-point communications in the ISM band (2.4 GHz) only.SpecificationsFrequency 2.4000 to 2.4835 GHzNet Gain 21.2 dBi3dB Beam width (E. Plane) 10 °Front to Back ratio > 32 dBPolarity Vertical (default) or horizontal; field changeableCross polarity rejection > 30 dB
7002701: 22 dBi Outdoor High gain Flat Panel Directional Antenna223Wall MountNot available.Mast Mount1. Attach the square part of the bracket to the square antenna with two bolts and washers. Attach two bolts at the end of the boom to clamp the fixture to the mast.VSWR (Average) 1.5:1Impedance 50 τCoaxial pigtail length (to ODU) 36 in (914.4 mm)Rated wind velocity 100 mph/140 mph (161 kph/225 kph)Wind loading @ rated velocity 30 lbs/140 lbs (13.61 kg/63.5 kg)Elevation adjustment 45 °Size 24.0 in x 24.0 in x 1.5 in(609.6 mm x 609.6 mm x 38.1 mm)Weight 15 lbs (6.8 kg)Radome n/aReflector material Aluminum/plasticMounting hardware aluminum/steel clampMast diameter 2.375 in (60.33 mm) OD pipeSpecifications (Continued)
2247002801: 8 dBi Indoor/Outdoor Patch AntennaNote: This antenna is designed to be used as a bridge between two networks or for point-to-point communications in the ISM band (2.4 GHz) only.SpecificationsFrequency 2.4000 to 2.4835 GHzNet Gain 8.0 dBi3dB horizontal beam width 60 °3 dB vertical beam width 60 °Front to Back ratio 25 dBPolarity LinearCross polarity rejection n/aVSWR (Average) 1.5:1Impedance 50 τConnector N femaleRated wind velocity 125 mph (201 kph)Wind loading @ rated wind velocity 20 lbs (9.072 kg)Elevation adjustment n/aSize 4.77 in x 1.14 in x 6.25 in(121.2 mm x 29 mm x 158.8 mm)Weight 1.5 lbs (.68 kg)Radome UV stabilizedMounting hardware screw mount base, snap-in radome
7002801: 8 dBi Indoor/Outdoor Patch Antenna225Wall MountNote. Since the antenna must be mounted above the SkyWay, do not use the wall mount if the SkyWay is mounted on a mast.1. Prepare the wall as necessary (e.g., measure and drill holes, set screw anchors).2. Insert and tighten two screws through pre-drilled mounting holes.Mast Mount1. Attach the antenna to the mast with two hose clamps seated in grooves on the bracket.2. Tighten the clamps.3.
2267002901: 12 dBi 110 ° Outdoor Sectorial AntennaNote: This antenna is designed to be used as a bridge between two networks or for point-to-point communications in the ISM band (2.4 GHz) only.SpecificationsFrequency 2.4000 to 2.4835 GHzNet Gain 12.0 dBi3dB Beam width (E. Plane) 12 °Front to Back ratio > 17 dBPolarity Vertical, fixedCross polarity rejection n/aVSWR (Average) 1.5:1Impedance 50 τCoaxial pigtail length (to ODU)Rated wind velocity 124 mph (200 kph)
7002901: 12 dBi 110 ° Outdoor Sectorial Antenna227Wall MountNote. Since the antenna must be mounted above the SkyWay, do not use the wall mount if the SkyWay is mounted on a mast.1. Prepare the wall as necessary (e.g., measure and drill holes, set screw anchors).2. Attach the two mounting brackets to anchor the frame at top and bottom.3. Insert and tighten two screws through pre-drilled mounting holes.Mast Mount1. Attach the two mounting brackets to anchor the frame at top and bottom.2. Attach the antenna to the mast with two hose clamps seated in grooves on the brackets.3. Tighten the clamps.Wind loading @ 140 mph 6.6 lbs (2.99 kg)Elevation adjustment n/aSize 20 in x 2 in x 1.2 in(508 mm x 50.8 mm x 30.48 mm)Weight 0.55 lbs (.25 kg)Radome ASA, UV stabilizedReflector material Powder-coated aluminumMounting hardware stainless steel worm-type clampMast diameter .75 in to 3.0 in (19.05 mm to 76.2 mm) OD pipeSpecifications (Continued)
228
229IndexIndexIndexIndexSymbols(db), decibel 201(female dc jack), dc power cable 182(psk), phase shift key 199Numerics10 base-t/100 base-tx (Ethernet cableRJ-45) 1842.4 ghz frequency characteristics 1997002301 6 dbi omni directional antenna 2147002401 11 dbi omni directional antenna 2167002501 16 dbi outdoor flat panel directional antenna 2187002601 17 dbi outdoor flat panel directional antenna 2207002701 22 dbi outdoor high gain flat panel directional antenna2227002801 8 dbi indoor/outdoor patch antenna 2247002901 12 dbi 110 ° outdoor sectorial antenna 226Aaccept status of a sub station, validating 81access levels, adding users and setting 62accessing the SkyWay bridge/router 22activity, checking icmp 161addingusers 62adding users and setting access levels 62address resolution protocol table, checking the 163addresses, obtaining IP 69addresses, setting up IP 69administration console 11administration console, connecting to the 51adp discovery process 66ADP substation configuration 81adp, disabling 66adp, enabling 65alignment and RF link verification, antenna 55alignment, antenna 204amplitude 199analysis, terrain 210analyzer, protocol 209analyzer, spectrum 209antenna 204alignment 204polarization 204antenna alignment 204antenna alignment and RF link verification 55antenna polarization 204antenna types 204directional 204multidirectional 204omnidirectional 204antenna, connecting an 49antenna, grounding SkyWay and the 47antenna, mounting the 46antenna, selecting the 45antenna, setting up the 45antennas 204application from reset, starting the BIOS 18application from runtime, starting the BIOS 18application, BIOS 18application, point-to-point or multi-point 8ARP table 163as a base station, configuring the SkyWay 69as a sub station, configuring the SkyWay 77at commands, example 23attached to the SkyWay, to configure a modem 22attenuation 201attenuation and gain 201audience, intended 2automatic discovery protocol 65available, configuration features 58available, monitoring features 126available, SNMP features 103Bbands, ISM 199base port status, checking RF-DLC 140base station / substation polling protocol, mst/sm 207base station / substation polling protocol, RF-DLC 207base station states 164base station, configuring the SkyWay as a 69base sub ports, configuring the 80basic concepts 198before installing 28bench test 32bench test results 174bench test, minimum configuration settings and factory defaultsfor 32bench test, performing the 33BIOS application 18BIOS application from reset, starting the 18BIOS application from runtime, starting the 18BIOS configuration menu 19BIOS diagnostics 104BIOS main menu 18BIOS system configuration 20bootp 98bridgeconfiguration 90
230port configuration 92port status 152spanning tree status and 149bridge and spanning tree status, checking 149bridge port status, checking 152bridge/router, accessing the SkyWay 22bridged protocols 187bridging 88bridging screens 149bridging table, transparent 156bridging, enabling and disabling 88Ccable (female dc jack), dc power 182cable, copper 53cable, fiberoptic 53cables, routing connected 48cabling, connecting 48center lobe 198changes that require cycling or resetting 16changes, saving configuration 16characteristics, 2.4 ghz frequency 199checking bridge and spanning tree status 149checking bridge port status 152checking icmp activity 161checking IP routing status 157checking RF-DLC base port status 140checking SNMP status and trap history 128checking spanning tree port status 154checking the address resolution protocol table 163checking the error log 130checking the Ethernet port status 134checking the polling status 146checking the RF port 137checking the RF signal status 147checking the serial port status 132checking the status summary 168checking the sub port status 143client and server, the pc is the 117client, SkyWay is the 117client, SkyWay is the server and 117client, the pc is the 117clients and server, TFTP 117command names, menu and 5commands and responses, RF-DLC 67commands, dot 14commands, example at 23common rows 15component identification 11concepts, basic 198configurationADP substation 81Ehternet transceiver 85Ethernet port 83general parameters 64RF base port 74RF base port sub 80RF diagnostic port 73RF sub port 78serial port 24serial transceiver 25configuration changes, saving 16configuration database service 21configuration database, understanding the 16configuration features available 58configuration menu, BIOS 19configuration parameters, setting system 59configuration settings and factory defaults for bench test, mini-mum 32configuration summary 100configuration summary, obtaining a 99configuration, BIOS system 20configuration, network 174configuration, RF network 174configure a modem attached to the SkyWay, to 22configure the terminal for dialing to the SkyWay, to 22configuring IP 93configuring SkyWay 58configuring the base sub ports 80configuring the Ethernet port 83configuring the Ethernet transceiver 85configuring the IP ports 95configuring the ports 69configuring the serial port and serial transceiver 23configuring the SkyWay as a base station 69configuring the SkyWay as a sub station 77configuring the TFTP server on SkyWay 119connected cables, routing 48connecting an antenna 49connecting cabling 48connecting to power 50connecting to the administration console 51connecting to your LAN 53connection types 203connection, modem settings for dial-up 22considerations, safety 29considerations, site 30console 209console cable (serial rs-422db9) 183console, administration 11console, connecting to the administration 51contents of the SkyWay package 10control message protocol, internet 102control screens, port status and 132control screens, system status and 127control, general status and 127conventions, warnings 5copper cable 53
231csma/ca 206, 207cycling or resetting, changes that require 16Ddatabase service, configuration 21database, understanding the configuration 16date and time, setting the system 64dbi 202dbm 202dc jack), dc power cable (female 182dc power cable (female dc jack) 182decibel 201decibel (db) 201defaults for bench test, minimum configuration settings and facto-ry 32definitions, file 118descrIPtion of the problem, detailed 173descrIPtion, general 8detailed descrIPtion of the problem 173detection and recovery, error 68diagnostics 104diagnostics port, RF 73diagnostics, BIOS 104diagnostics, runtime 104dialing to the SkyWay, to configure the terminal for 22dial-up connection, modem settings for 22directional 204directory, file 111disabling adp 66disabling bridging, enabling and 88discovery process, adp 66discovery protocol, automatic 65display information, how screens 15displaying a list of users 63displaying one record., screens 15dot commands 14dsss 200Eediting fields 15eirp 202electrical safety guidelines 29enabling adp 65enabling and disabling bridging 88equIPment 209error detection and recovery 68error log, checking the 130Ethernetport configuration 83port status 134transceiver configuration 85transceiver status 136Ethernet port status, checking the 134Ethernet port, configuring the 83Ethernet port. 11Ethernet transceiver, configuring the 85example at commands 23Ffactory defaults for bench test, minimum configuration settingsand 32fading 202features available, configuration 58features available, monitoring 126features available, SNMP 103features, product 9fiberoptic cable 53field types 15fields, editing 15file definitions 118file directory 111file transfer protocol, trivial 116file transfer utilities 112files, sending and receiving 117flowchart, symptom/action 172frame types, RF-DLC 67frequency 199frequency characteristics, 2.4 ghz 199fresnel zones 204Ggain 201gain, attenuation and 201general descrIPtion 8general parameters configuration 64general safety guidelines 29general status and control 127information 173ghz frequency characteristics, 2.4 199grounding SkyWay and the antenna 47guide, using this 3guidelines, electrical safety 29guidelines, general safety 29Hhistory, checking SNMP status and trap 128how screens display information 15how to proceed 6hyperjumps 5Iicmp activity, checking 161ICMP status 161identification, component 11information, how screens display 15installing, before 28
232intended audience 2interference 202internet control message protocol 102internetwork 203IP 208address table 160port configuration 95protocol configuration 93protocol status 157static routes configuration 97IP addresses, obtaining 69IP addresses, setting up 69IP ports, configuring the 95IP routing 93IP routing screens 157IP routing status, checking 157IP, configuring 93ISM bands 199Jjack), dc power cable (female dc 182Kkey (psk), phase shift 199key, phase shift 199LLAN 203analyzer 209LAN, connecting to your 53levels, adding users and setting access 62line of sight 205link verification, antenna alignment and RF 55list of users, displaying a 63lobe, center 198log, checking the error 130logical network map 174Mmain menu, BIOS 18management protocols 187management security parameters, setting network 59management system parameters, setting network 61map, logical network 174map, topological 209mast mount 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227mast, mounting to a 42measure, units of 201measurement, signal 201menu and command names 5menu structure, understanding the 13menu, BIOS configuration 19menu, BIOS main 18menus and screens, navigating through 13message protocol, internet control 102minimum configuration settings and factory defaults for bench test32modem attached to the SkyWay, to configure a 22modem settings for dial-up connection 22monitoring features available 126mount, mast 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227mount, wall 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227mounting the antenna 46mounting the SkyWay unit 42mounting to a mast 42mounting to a wall 44mst/sm base station / substation polling protocol 207multidirectional 204multi-level password security 123multIPoint 203multi-point application, point-to-point or 8Nnames, menu and command 5navigating through menus and screens 13network configuration 174network configuration, RF 174network managementsecurity configuration 59system configuration 61network management security parameters, setting 59network management system parameters, setting 61network map, logical 174new software version, uploading a 115notes 5Oobtaining a configuration summary 99obtaining IP addresses 69omnidirectional 204one record., screens displaying 15operations, remote 8or multi-point application, point-to-point 8or resetting, changes that require cycling 16Ppackage, contents of the SkyWay 10parameters configuration, general 64parameters, setting network management security 59parameters, setting network management system 61parameters, setting system configuration 59password security, multi-level 123pc is the client and server, the 117pc is the client, the 117pc is the server., the 117
233performing the bench test 33phase shift key 199phase shift key (psk) 199ping utility 108, 109point-to-point 203point-to-point or multi-point application 8polarization, antenna 204polling 67polling protocol, mst/sm base station / substation 207polling protocol, RF-DLC base station / substation 207polling status, checking the 146port and serial transceiver, configuring the serial 23port configurationEthernet 83RF base 74RF base sub 80RF diagnostic 73RF sub 78serial 24port states 88port status and control screens 132port status, checking bridge 152port status, checking RF-DLC base 140port status, checking spanning tree 154port status, checking the Ethernet 134port status, checking the serial 132port status, checking the sub 143port status, serial 132port, checking the RF 137port, configuring the Ethernet 83port, RF diagnostics 73port., Ethernet 11ports, configuring the 69ports, configuring the base sub 80ports, configuring the IP 95power 11power cable (female dc jack), dc 182power, connecting to 50pre-installation procedures 30problem, detailed descrIPtion of the 173procedures, pre-installation 30proceed, how to 6process, adp discovery 66product features 9protocolanalyzer 209csma/ca 207protocol analyzer 209protocol table, checking the address resolution 163protocol, automatic discovery 65protocol, internet control message 102protocol, mst/sm base station / substation polling 207protocol, RF-DLC base station / substation polling 207protocol, the RF-DLC 65protocol, trivial file transfer 116protocols 208csma/ca 206mst/sm 207routing 208spanning tree 208protocols, bridged 187protocols, management 187protocols, routed 187Rradiosignals 198radio signals 198receiving files, sending and 117record., screens displaying one 15recovery, error detection and 68remote operations 8require cycling or resetting, changes that 16reset, starting the BIOS application from 18resetting the unit 16resetting, changes that require cycling or 16resolution protocol table, checking the address 163responses, RF-DLC commands and 67results, bench test 174RFbase port configuration 74sub port configuration 80base radio test 105diagnostic port configuration 73port status 137signal status 147sub port configuration 78sub radio test 107transceiver configuration 72RF diagnostics port 73RF link verification, antenna alignment and 55RF network configuration 174RF port, checking the 137RF signal status, checking the 147RF. 11RF-DLCbase port status 140sub poll status 146sub port status 143RF-DLC base port status, checking 140RF-DLC base station / substation polling protocol 207RF-DLC commands and responses 67RF-DLC frame types 67RF-DLC protocol, the 65RF-DLC screens 140RF-DLC, understanding 65routed protocols 187
234routing connected cables 48routing protocolsIP 208routing screens, IP 157routing status, checking IP 157routing, IP 93routing, setting up static 97rows, common 15runtime diagnostics 104runtime, starting the BIOS application from 18Ssafety considerations 29safety guidelines, electrical 29safety guidelines, general 29saving configuration changes 16screens display information, how 15screens displaying one record. 15screens, bridging 149screens, IP routing 157screens, navigating through menus and 13screens, port status and control 132screens, RF-DLC 140screens, scrolling 15screens, system status and control 127scrolling screens 15security 123security parameters, setting network management 59security, multi-level password 123security, SNMP 123selecting the antenna 45sending and receiving files 117serial port and serial transceiver, configuring the 23serial port configuration 24serial port status 132serial port status, checking the 132serial transceiver configuration 25serial transceiver, configuring the serial port and 23server and client, SkyWay is the 117server on SkyWay, configuring the TFTP 119server, SkyWay is the 117server, TFTP clients and 117server, the pc is the client and 117server., the pc is the 117service, configuration database 21setting access levels, adding users and 62setting network management security parameters 59setting network management system parameters 61setting system configuration parameters 59setting the system date and time 64setting up IP addresses 69setting up static routing 97setting up the antenna 45settings and factory defaults for bench test, minimum configura-tion 32settings for dial-up connection, modem 22shift key (psk), phase 199shift key, phase 199shot, taking a system snap 127sight, line of 205signalmeasurement 201strength 201signal measurement 201signal status, checking the RF 147signals, radio 198site considerations 30site survey 210SkyWay and the antenna, grounding 47SkyWay as a base station, configuring the 69SkyWay as a sub station, configuring the 77SkyWay bridge/router, accessing the 22SkyWay is the client 117SkyWay is the server 117SkyWay is the server and client 117SkyWay package, contents of the 10SkyWay unit, mounting the 42SkyWay, configuring 58SkyWay, configuring the TFTP server on 119SkyWay, to configure a modem attached to the 22SkyWay, to configure the terminal for dialing to the 22snap shot, taking a system 127SNMP 103status 128trap history 129SNMP features available 103SNMP security 123SNMP status and trap history, checking 128software version, uploading a new 115spanning tree 89, 208port status 154spanning tree port status, checking 154spanning tree status, checking bridge and 149spectrum analyzer 209spectrum, spread 199, 200spread spectrum 199, 200starting the BIOS application from reset 18starting the BIOS application from runtime 18states, base station 164states, port 88states, sub station 166static routing, setting up 97station / substation polling protocol, mst/sm base 207station / substation polling protocol, RF-DLC base 207station states, base 164station states, sub 166station, configuring the SkyWay as a base 69station, configuring the SkyWay as a sub 77station, validating accept status of a sub 81
235status and control screens, port 132status and control screens, system 127status and control, general 127status and trap history, checking SNMP 128status of a sub station, validating accept 81status summary 168status summary, checking the 168status, checking bridge and spanning tree 149status, checking bridge port 152status, checking IP routing 157status, checking RF-DLC base port 140status, checking spanning tree port 154status, checking the Ethernet port 134status, checking the polling 146status, checking the RF signal 147status, checking the serial port 132status, checking the sub port 143status, ICMP 161status, serial port 132status, TFTP 119structure, understanding the menu 13sub port status, checking the 143sub ports, configuring the base 80sub station states 166sub station, configuring the SkyWay as a 77sub station, validating accept status of a 81substation configuration, ADP 81substation polling protocol, mst/sm base station / 207substation polling protocol, RF-DLC base station / 207summary, checking the status 168summary, configuration 100summary, obtaining a configuration 99summary, status 168support 8survey, site 210symptom/action flowchart 172system configuration parameters, setting 59system configuration, BIOS 20system date and time, setting the 64system parameters, setting network management 61system snap shot, taking a 127system status and control screens 127Ttable, ARP 163table, checking the address resolution protocol 163table, transparent bridging 156taking a system snap shot 127terminal for dialing to the SkyWay, to configure the 22terrain analysis 210test results, bench 174test, bench 32test, minimum configuration settings and factory defaults forbench 32test, performing the bench 33text, typed 5TFTPfile transfer 121server configuration 119TFTP clients and server 117TFTP server on SkyWay, configuring the 119TFTP status 119the pc is the client 117the pc is the client and server 117the pc is the server. 117the RF-DLC protocol 65through menus and screens, navigating 13time, setting the system date and 64to capture a screen 173to configure a modem attached to the SkyWay 22to configure the terminal for dialing to the SkyWay 22to connect an Ethernet cable 53to connect an RF cable 49to connect directly to a administration console 52to connect SkyWay to power 50to connect to a dedicated modem and data line 52to cycle the port 16to mount the SkyWay to a mast 42to reset the unit 17topological map 209transceiver configurationEthernet 85serial 25transceiver, configuring the Ethernet 85transceiver, configuring the serial port and serial 23transfer protocol, trivial file 116transfer utilities, file 112transparent bridging table 156trap history, checking SNMP status and 128tree port status, checking spanning 154tree status, checking bridge and spanning 149tree, spanning 89, 208trivial file transfer protocol 116typed text 5types, antenna 204types, connection 203types, field 15types, RF-DLC frame 67
236Uunderstanding RF-DLC 65understanding the configuration database 16understanding the menu structure 13unit, mounting the SkyWay 42unit, resetting the 16units of measure 201up IP addresses, setting 69up static routing, setting 97up the antenna, setting 45uploading a new software version 115users 63users and setting access levels, adding 62users, displaying a list of 63using this guide 3utilities, file transfer 112utility, ping 108, 109Vvalidating accept status of a sub station 81verification, antenna alignment and RF link 55version, uploading a new software 115Wwall mount 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227wall, mounting to a 44WAN 203warnings 5XXmodem 112YYmodem 113, 114your LAN, connecting to 53Zzones, fresnel 204

Navigation menu