Strix Systems OWS2430-90 802.11 a/g Wireless Mesh Type Networking Device User Manual accessone userguide
Strix Systems, Inc. 802.11 a/g Wireless Mesh Type Networking Device accessone userguide
Contents
Users Manual 5
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Syslog Messages
Format
The following format is used for all Access/One Network syslog messages:
<recv-time> <code> <ip> <seqNumber:time-stamp, CloudName, subcloudName,
StackId, Module, sysName, subSystem> <source> <sw-version> <syslog message>
Subsystems
Syslog messages are assigned to the following subsystems:
◗Wireless
◗Security
◗Management
◗Others
Element Definition
recv-time Time when the syslog message is received.
code As defined by RFC for syslog daemons.
ip Sender's IP address.
seqNumber Internal sequence number (generated for all syslog
messages).
time-stamp Time when the message is generated.
Module Module type.
source Internal source information, containing event-module &
event-type.
sw-version Software build version number
Syslog message Format is a string of ASCII text delimited by separators.
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Severity Levels
The following severity levels are assigned to syslog messages (shown here in
descending order from the most severe):
◗EMERGENCY
◗ALERT
◗CRITICAL
◗ERROR
◗WARNING
◗NOTICE
◗INFORM
◗DEBUG
Assigning a severity level informs the system to automatically log all messages in
that level, and all messages above that level (messages below the assigned level are
not logged).
Message Listing
The following tables list syslog messages by subsystem.
Security Subsystem
Severity Syslog Message
ALERT Telnet local authentication failed.
WARNING Super user login failed, invalid character.
WARNING Super user login failed, invalid password.
WARNING Telnet login failed, invalid password.
WARNING CLI login failed, invalid password.
WARNING Telnet login failed, invalid password.
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Wireless Subsystem
WARNING CLI login failed, invalid password.
WARNING Too many invalid login attempts.
NOTICE Telnet user logged in, user:XXXXX.
NOTICE CLI user logged in, user:XXXXX.
NOTICE Telnet user logged out, user:XXXXX.
NOTICE CLI user logged out, user:XXXXX.
NOTICE Super user logged in.
Severity Syslog Message
EMERGENCY Failed to start the radio.
EMERGENCY AP/STA features not enabled.
EMERGENCY Error while starting the module. Wireless services disabled.
EMERGENCY Radio interference detected on selected channel.
WARNING Backhaul key mismatch. Putting it in RESTRICTED
mode,mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
ALERT Radius authentication failed, mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
ERROR Association fails, can't find station in table,
ssid:XXXXX,vlan:[id=x tag=x], mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.x.
ERROR Reassociation fails, can't find station in table, ssid:XXXXX,
vlan:[id=x tag=x], mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.x.
ERROR Association fails, not authenticated, ssid:XXXXX,vlan:[id=x
tag=x], mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
Severity Syslog Message
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ERROR Reassociation fails, not authenticated,
ssid:XXXXX,vlan:[id=x tag=x], mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
ERROR Association fails, already associated, ssid:XXXXX,vlan:[id=x
tag=x], mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
ERROR Reassociation fails, already associated,
ssid:XXXXX,vlan:[id=x tag=x], mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
ERROR Association fails, can't authenticate during scan,
ssid:ssid:XXXXX, vlan:[id=x tag=x], mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
ERROR Reassociation fails, can't authenticate during scan,
ssid:ssid:XXXXX, vlan:[id=x tag=x], mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
ERROR Association fails, reason:xxxx, wlanmode:xxxx,
ssid:XXXXXX, vlan:[Id=x Tag=x],mac:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx.
ERROR Reassociation fails, reason:xxxx, wlanmode:xxxx,
ssid:XXXXXX, vlan:[Id=x Tag=x],mac:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx.
ERROR Bad authentication transaction sequence, number:XX,
type=XXXXX, mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
ERROR Authentication[1] fails, can't find station in table,
mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
ERROR Authentication[1] fails, can't authenticate in scan mode,
mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
ERROR Authentication[3] fails, can't find station in table,
mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
ERROR Authentication[3] done, error in Tx, wlanmode:X,
mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
ERROR Deauthentication requested, can't find station in table,
mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
Severity Syslog Message
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ERROR Association fails, module is not ready,
mac:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx.
ERROR Reassociation fails, module is not ready,
mac:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx.
WARNING Authentication[3] fails, auth:shared, wlanmode:X,
mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
WARNING Unsupported 802.11 authentication request, auth:LEAP,
wlanmode:X, mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
WARNING Unsupported 802.11 authentication request, auth:x(hex),
wlanmode:X, mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
WARNING Deauthentication fails, incorrect source,
mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
WARNING Deauthentication fails, unknown source,
mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
WARNING Association fails, wrong ssid, ssid:XXXXX, vlan:[id=x tag=x],
mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
WARNING Reassociation fails, wrong ssid, ssid:XXXXX, vlan:[id=x
tag=x], mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
WARNING NC-sel approves RESTRICTED Mode.
WARNING Backhaul [mac:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx] at if=XXXX is put to
RESTRICTED mode.
WARNING Loop is detected at if=XX. Mac:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx.
NOTICE NC-sel approves OPEN Mode.
NOTICE Backhaul is using default cloud name. Putting it in
RESTRICTED mode,mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
NOTICE AP has put backhaul in RESTRICTED mode.
Severity Syslog Message
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NOTICE Stack ID is available, stackId:XXXXXX.
NOTICE The unit/Radio x will operate as - Network Connect.
NOTICE The unit/Radio x will operate as - Client Connect.
NOTICE The unit/Radio x will switch to - Client Connect.
NOTICE Added station, mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
NOTICE Deauthentication completed, mac:xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.
NOTICE Association with AP done, response NOT sent,
wlanmode:X, ssid:XXXX, mac:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx.
NOTICE Reassociation with AP done, response NOT sent,
wlanmode:X, ssid:XXXX, mac:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx.
NOTICE Loop is cleared at if=XX. mac:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx.
NOTICE WLNC link [if=XX] state is up. SSID=XX,
BSSID=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx, Channel=XX, Wireless
Mode=XXXX.
NOTICE WLNC link [if=XX] state is down.
NOTICE Access Point state is up.
NOTICE Access Point state is down
NOTICE Association done, ssid:XXXX, vlan:[Id=x Tag=x],
mac:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx.
NOTICE Reassociation done, ssid:XXXX, vlan:[Id=x Tag=x],
mac:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx.
NOTICE Disassociation done, mac:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx.
NOTICE Backhaul [mac:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx] at if=XXXX is approved
with OPEN mode.
Severity Syslog Message
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Management Subsystem
NOTICE Authentication failed, type=XXX, reason=XXXX,
mac:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx.
NOTICE Authentication done, type=XXX, mac:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx.
NOTICE Device will switch to Access Point.
Severity Syslog Message
WARNING Fan failed.
WARNING Temperature alarm on.
WARNING DHCP Bind failed.
WARNING Image load failed.
NOTICE xx.xx.xx.xx detected rogue device [xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx] with
RSSI [xxxx] channel [xxxx] SSID [XXXXX].
NOTICE Rogue device [xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx] detected by xx.xx.xx.xx
aged out.
NOTICE Detected Rogue Device [xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx].
NOTICE Cloud is renamed to XXXXX.
NOTICE Configuration update completed.
NOTICE Configuration update started.
NOTICE Selected AP at if=XX, mac:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx.
NOTICE I am the Master NC.
NOTICE Temperature alarm off.
NOTICE Fan is working.
Severity Syslog Message
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NOTICE Include list updated.
INFORM Load image file XXXXX from XXXXXX.
INFORM Image load is done.
INFORM Received DHCP, IP - xx.xx.xx.xx, Gateway - xx.xx.xx.xx.
Severity Syslog Message
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Supported MIBs
MIBs that are supported with Access/One Network include the following:
Strix Private MIBs
STRIX-PRODUCTS.mib
Define the object identifiers assigned to various Strix hardware platforms.
STRIX-CONFIG-SYSTEM.mib
Configuration MIB for system wide parameters, including Usernames and
Passwords, DHCP, DNS, SNTP, FTP, CoS, Trusted IPs, Syslog, and RADIUS
accounting.
STRIX-CONFIG-WIFI.mib
Configuration MIB for 802.11 radio parameters, per-SSID configuration of
authentication, keys and VLANs, Inventory list, Network Client and Client
Connect configurations.
STRIX-MANAGEMENT.mib
Management MIB for taking actions, such as loading configurations, upgrading
image, rebooting the entire network, and collecting network wide report from
all devices.
STRIX-INVENTORY.mib
MIB to present and modify the inventory list of all modules in the network.
STRIX-SYSLOG-MIB.mib
MIB to present the buffered history of syslog messages generated by a module.
STRIX-MONITOR.mib
MIB to monitor radio status and statistics on a Wi-Fi module, and to report
VLANs, device information, and a scanned list of access points.
STRIX-ROGUES.mib
MIB to present a list of rogue Access Points detected by Strix modules, and
report the closest access points.
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STRIX-ENT-TRAPS.mib
List of traps that Strix devices can generate.
STRIX-CONFIG-TRAPS.mib
Configuration MIB for enabling and disabling specific traps per trap manager.
STRIX-ACCESSONE-CAPABILITY.mib
Indicates the level of support implemented by an SNMP agent on the Access/
One Network with respect to standard MIBs.
Standard MIBs
RFC1213-MIB
IF-MIB (RFC 2233)
IP-MIB (RFC 2011)
TCP-MIB (RFC 2012)
UDP-MIB (RFC 2013)
SNMPv2-MIB (RFC 1907)
IEEE802DOT11-MIB
Contact Information
Strix Systems is located in Calabasas, California, just 45 minutes northwest of
downtown Los Angeles and 45 minutes southeast of Santa Barbara.
Strix Systems, Inc.
26610 Agoura Road
Calabasas, CA 91302
Tel: 818.251.1000
Fax: 818.251.1099
Visit us at: http://www.strixsystems.com
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Glossary of Terms
802.11a
A supplement to the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN) specification that
describes transmission through the physical layer (PHY) based on orthogonal
frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), at a frequency of 5 GHz and data
rates of up to 54 Mbps. See also, OFDM.
802.1D
The IEEE LAN specification for remote media access control (MAC) bridging.
802.11g
A supplement to the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN) specification that
describes transmission through the physical layer (PHY) based on orthogonal
frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), at a frequency of 2.4 GHz and data
rates of up to 54 Mbps. See also, OFDM.
802.11i
A supplement to the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN) specification for
enhanced security. It describes encryption protocols such as the Temporal Key
Integrity Protocol (TKIP) and AES Counter-Mode Cipher Block Chaining
Message Authentication Code Protocol (AES-CCMP). These protocols provide
replay protection, cryptographically keyed integrity checks, and key derivation
based on the IEEE 802.1X port authentication standard. See also, TKIP.
802.1Q
The IEEE LAN specification for bridged virtual LANs (VLANs). See also, VLAN.
802.1X
The IEEE specification for port-based network access control. The 802.1X
standard based on the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) provides an
authentication framework that supports a variety of methods for authenticating
and authorizing network access for wired or wireless users. See also, EAP.
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802.11x
An IEEE specification that defines wireless LAN (WLAN) data link and physical
layers. The specification includes data link layer media access control (MAC)
sub-layer, and two sub-layers of the physical (PHY) layer-a frequency-hopping
spread-spectrum (FHSS). See also, FHSS.
802.2
IEEE specification that describes the logical link control (LLC) encapsulation
common to all 802 series LANs.
802.3
An IEEE LAN specification for a Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
Detection (CSMA-CD) Ethernet network. The standard describes physical
media. An 802.3 frame uses source and destination media access control (MAC)
addresses to identify its originator and receiver(s).
authentication
The process that a station, device, or user employs to announce its identify to
the network which validates it. IEEE 802.11 specifies two forms of
authentication: open system and shared key. See also, 802.11x and
authentication.
authorization
The process of deciding if device 'X' may use network service 'Y'. Trusted
devices (the devices that are both authenticated and authorized) are allowed
access to network services. Unknown (not trusted) devices may require further
user authorization to access network services. This does not principally exclude
that the authorization might be given by an application automatically.
Authorization always includes authentication. See also, authentication.
bandwidth
Specifies the amount of the frequency spectrum that is usable for data transfer.
In other words, it identifies the maximum data rate a signal can attain on the
medium without encountering significant attenuation (loss of power). See also,
bit rate.
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baud rate
The number of pulses of a signal that occur in one second. Thus, baud rate is the
speed at which digital signal pulses travel.
Beacon
A uniframe system packet broadcast by the AP to keep the network
synchronized. A beacon Includes the Net_ID (ESSID), the AP address, the
broadcast destination addresses, a time stamp, a DTIM (Delivery Traffic
Indicator Maps) and the TIM (Traffic Indicator Message).
bit rate
The transmission rate of binary symbols ('0' and '1'). Bit rate is equal to the total
number of bits transmitted in one second.
bridge
A network component that provides inter-networking functionality at the data
link or medium access layer (Layer 2). Bridges provide segmentation and re-
assembly of data frames.
Cat 5
(Category 5) A category of performance for inside Ethernet wiring that defines a
cable with eight insulated copper wires. Each pair is twisted around each other
to reduce cross talk and electromagnetic induction. Each connection on a
twisted pair requires both wires. Cat5 cables are suitable for 10/100BaseT
communication.
connectivity
A path for communications signals to flow through. Connectivity exists between
a pair of Nodes if the destination Node can correctly receive data from the
source Node at a specified minimum data rate.
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DHCP
(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) A method for dynamically assigning IP
addresses to devices on a network. Issues IP addresses automatically within a
specified range to devices such as PCs when they are first powered up. The
device retains the use of the IP address for a specific license period defined by
the system administrator.
EAP
(Extensible Authentication Protocol) A general point-to-point protocol that
supports multiple authentication mechanisms. Defined in RFC 2284, EAP has
been adopted by IEEE 802.1X as an encapsulation protocol for carrying
authentication messages in a standard message exchange between a user (client
or supplicant) and an authenticator. See also, 802.1X.
EAPoL
(EAP over LAN) An encapsulated form of the Extensible Authentication Protocol
(EAP), defined in the IEEE 802.1X standard, that allows EAP messages to be
carried directly by a LAN media access control (MAC) service between a user
(client or supplicant) and an authenticator. See also, 802.1X.
EAP-TLS
(Extensible Authentication Protocol with Transport Layer Security) Used for
802.1X authentication. EAP-TLS supports mutual authentication and uses digital
certificates to address the mutual challenge. The authentication server responds
to a user authentication request with a server certificate. The user then replies
with its own certificate and validates the server certificate. EAP-TLS algorithm
derives session encryption keys from the certificate values. The authentication
server in turn sends the session encryption keys for a particular session to the
user after validating the user certificate. See also, authentication and EAP.
encryption
Any procedure used in cryptography to translate data into a form that can be
decrypted and read only by its intended receiver.
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FHSS
(Frequency-Hopping Spread-Spectrum) One of two types of spread-spectrum
radio technology used in wireless LAN (WLAN) transmissions. The FHSS
technique modulates the data signal with a narrowband carrier signal that
“hops” in a predictable sequence from frequency to frequency as a function of
time over a wide band of frequencies. Interference is reduced, because a
narrowband interferer affects the spread-spectrum signal only if both are
transmitting at the same frequency at the same time. The transmission
frequencies are determined by a spreading (hopping) code. The receiver must
be set to the same hopping code and must listen to the incoming signal at the
proper time and frequency to receive the signal.
FTP
(File Transfer Protocol) A TCP/IP based protocol for file transfer. FTP is defined
by RFC 959.
GMK
(Group Master Key) A cryptographic key used to derive a group transient key
(GTK) for the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) and Advanced Encryption
Standard (AES). See also, GTK and TKIP.
GTK
(Group Transient Key) A cryptographic key used to encrypt broadcast and
multicast packets for transmissions using the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
(TKIP) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). See also, TKIP.
HiperLAN
(High Performance Radio Local Area Network) A set of wireless LAN (WLAN)
communication standards used primarily in European countries and adopted by
the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
homologation
The process of certifying a product or specification to verify that it meets
regulatory standards.
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IAPP
(InterAP Protocol) A protocol being developed as the 802.11f version of the IEEE
802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN) specification to support interoperability, mobility,
handover, and coordination among Access Points (APs). Implemented on top of
IP, IAPP uses UDP/IP and Sub-network Access Protocol (SNAP) as transfer
protocols. See also, 802.11x.
IAS
(Internet Authentication Service) Microsoft's RADIUS server. See also, RADIUS.
IGMP
(Internet Group Management Protocol) An Internet protocol defined in RFC
2236 used to report its multicast group membership to neighboring multicast
routers.
IPsec
A Layer 3 authentication and encryption protocol. Used to secure VPNs. See
also, encryption and VPN.
MAC address
(Media Access Control Address) A 6-byte hexadecimal address assigned by a
manufacturer to a device.
master secret
A code derived from the pre-master secret. A master secret is used to encrypt
Transport Layer Security (TLS) authentication exchanges and to derive a pair-
wise master key (PMK). See also, PMK and TLS.
Mbps
(Megabits per second) A standard measure for data transmission speeds (for
example, the rate at which information travels over the Internet). 1 Mbps
denotes one million bits per second.
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MD5
(Message Direct algorithm 5) A one-way hashing algorithm used in many
authentication algorithms to derive cryptographic keys. MD5 takes a message of
an arbitrary length and creates a 128-bit message digest. See also,
authentication.
MIB
(Management Information Base) A set of parameters an SNMP management
station can query or establish in the SNMP agent of a network device (for
example, a router). Standard minimal MIBs have been defined, and vendors
often have their own private enterprise MIBs. In theory, any SNMP manager can
talk to any SNMP agent with a properly defined MIB. See also, SNMP and
station.
MS-CHAP
(Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol) Microsoft's extension
to CHAP. MS-CHAP is a mutual authentication protocol that also permits a
single login in a Microsoft network environment. See also, connectivity.
NAT
(Network Address Translation) RFC 3022 defines a way to translate global
routable IP addresses into local and private non-routable ones.
NTP
(Network Time Protocol) An Internet standard protocol (built on top of TCP/IP)
that ensures the accurate synchronization (to the millisecond) of computer clock
times in a network of computers. NTP synchronizes client workstation clocks to
the U.S. Naval Observatory master clocks in Washington, D.C. and Colorado
Springs, CO. Running as a continuous background client program on a
computer, NTP sends periodic time requests to servers, obtaining server time
stamps and using them to adjust the client's clock. See also, SNTP.
Odyssey
An 802.1X security and access control application for wireless LANs (WLANs),
developed by Funk Software, Inc. See also, 802.1X.
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OFDM
(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) A technique that splits a wide
frequency band into a number of narrow frequency bands and sends data across
the sub-channels. The 802.11a and 802.11g standards are based on OFDM. See
also, 802.11a and 802.11g.
open system authentication
The IEEE 802.11 default authentication method. The device sends an
authentication management frame containing the sender's identify in the clear
to the authenticating device which sends back a clear frame alerting whether it
recognizes the identity of the requesting device. See also, 802.11x.
PAN
(Personal Area Network) A personal area network is used to interconnect
devices used by an individual or in their immediate proximity, including devices
they are carrying with them and devices that are simply nearby. According to
the IEEE, PANs must be capable of supporting segments at least 10 meters in
length.
PAP
(Password Authentication Protocol) One of two authentication methods that is
part of PPP (CHAP is the other). PAP is a method for a device to authenticate
itself with a two-way handshake. Note that PAP sends its authentication
information in the clear; that is, not encrypted. PAP is defined in RFC 1334.
PCI devices
Devices that adhere to the Peripheral Component Interconnect/Interface.
PEAP
(Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol) An extension to the Extensible
Authentication Protocol with Transport Layer Security (EAP-TLS), developed by
Microsoft Corporation. TLS is used in PEAP Part 1 to authenticate the server
only, and thus avoids having to distribute user certificates to every client. PEAP
Part 2 performs mutual authentication between the EAP client and the server.
See also, EAP-TLS and TLS.
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PKCS
(Public-Key Cryptography Standards) A group of specifications produced by RSA
and secure systems developers, and first published in 1991. Among many other
features and functions, the standards define syntax for digital certificates,
certificate signing requests and key exchanges.
PKI
(Public-Key Infrastructure) Software that enables users of an insecure public
network such as the Internet to exchange information securely and privately. PKI
uses public-key cryptography to authenticate the message sender and encrypt
the message by means of a pair of cryptographic keys, one public and one
private. A trusted certificate authority (CA) creates both keys simultaneously
with the same algorithm. A registration authority (RA) must verify the certificate
authority before a digital certificate is issued to a requestor. PKI uses the digital
certificate to identify an individual or an organization. The private key is given
only to the requesting party and is never shared, and the public key is made
publicly available (as part of the digital certificate) in a directory that all parties
can access.
plenum-rated cable
A type of cable approved by an independent test laboratory for installation in
ducts, plenums, and other air-handling spaces.
PMK
(Paise-wise Master Key) A code derived from a master secret and used as an
encryption key for IEEE 802.11 encryption algorithms. A PMK is also used to
derive a pair-wise transient key (PTK) for IEEE 802.11i robust security. See also,
802.11x,802.11i and PTK.
PoE
(Power over Ethernet) A technology, defined in the IEEE 802.3af standard, to
deliver power over the twisted-pair Ethernet data cables rather than power
cords.
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PPTP
(Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) A protocol from Microsoft that is used to
create a virtual private network (VPN) over the Internet. It uses Microsoft's Point-
to-Point Encryption (MPPE), which is based on RSA's RC4. It only uses static
keys and should not be used to secure WLANs. See also, VPN.
pre-master secret
A key generated during the handshake process in Transport Layer Security (TLS)
protocol negotiations and used to derive a master secret. See also, TLS.
private key
In cryptography, one of a pair of keys, one public and one private, that are
created with the same algorithm for encrypting and decrypting messages and
digital signatures. The private key is provided to only the requestor and never
shared. The requestor uses the private key to decrypt text that has been
encrypted with the public key by someone else. See also, public key.
PSK
(Pre-Shared Key) The IEEE 802.11 term for a shared secret, also known as a
shared key. See also, 802.11x and shared secret.
PTK
(Pair-wise Transient Key) A value derived from a pair-wise master key (PMK) and
split into multiple encryption keys and message integrity code (MIC) keys for
use by a client and server as temporal session keys for IEEE 802.11i robust
security. See also, 802.11i and PMK.
public key
In cryptography, one of a pair of keys, one public and one private, that are
created with the same algorithm for encrypting and decrypting messages and
digital signatures. The public key is made publicly available for encryption and
decryption. See also, encryption and private key.
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RADIUS
(Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) A client-server security protocol
described in RFC 2865 and RFC 2866. Developed to authenticate, authorize,
and account for dial-up users, RADIUS has been widely extended to broadband
and enterprise networking. The RADIUS server stores user profiles, which
include passwords and authorization attributes. See also, authentication and
authorization.
RC4
(River Cipher 4) A common encryption algorithm, designed by RSA., used by
the Wired-Equivalent Privacy (WEP) protocol and Temporal Key Integrity
Protocol (TKIP). See also, TKIP and WEP.
RA
(Registration Authority) Network software that verifies a user (client) request for
a digital certificate and instructs the certificate authority (CA) to issue the
certificate. Registration authorities are part of a public-key infrastructure (PKI),
which enables secure exchanges of information over a network. The digital
certificate contains a public key for encrypting and decrypting messages and
digital signatures. See also, PKI.
roaming
The ability of a user (client) to maintain network access when moving between
access points (APs).
rogue AP
An Access Point (AP) that is not authorized to operate within a wireless network.
Rogue APs subvert security of an enterprise network by allowing potentially
unchallenged access to the network resources by any wireless user in the
physical vicinity.
rogue client
A user who is not recognized within a network, but who gains access to it by
intercepting and modifying transmissions to circumvent the normal
authorization and authentication processes.
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RSN
(Robust Security Network) A secure wireless LAN (WLAN) based on the
developing IEEE 802.11i standard. See also, 802.11i.
shared secret
A static key distributed by an out-of-band mechanism to both the sender and
receiver. Also known as a shared key or pre-shared key (PSK), a shared secret is
used as input to a one-way hash algorithm. When a shared secret is used for
authentication and the hash output of both the sender and the receiver match,
they share the same secret and are authenticated. A shared secret can also be
used to generate encryption key. See also, PSK.
SNMP
(Simple Network Management Protocol) A standard protocol that regulates
network management over the Internet. SNMP uses TCP/IP to communicate
with a management platform, and offers a standard set of commands that make
multi-vendor operability possible. SNMP uses a standard set of definitions,
known as a MIB (Management Information Base), which can be supplemented
with enterprise-specific extensions. See also, MIB.
SNTP
(Simple Network Time Protocol) A a simplified version of NTP. SNTP can be
used when the ultimate performance of the full NTP implementation described
in RFC 1305 is not needed or justified. See also, NTP.
spread spectrum
A modulation technique that spreads a signal's power over a wide band of
frequencies. The main reason for the technique is that the signal is much less
susceptible to electrical noise and interferences then other techniques.
SSH
(Secure SHell) A Telnet-like protocol that establishes an encrypted session.
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Glossary of Terms 195
GL
SSID
(Service Set Identifier) The unique name shared among all devices in a wireless
LAN (WLAN).
station
In IEEE 802.11 networks, any device that contains an IEEE 802.11-compliant
media access control and physical layers. See also, 802.11x.
TKIP
(Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) A wireless encryption protocol that fixes the
known problems in the Wired-Equivalent Privacy (WEP) protocol for existing
802.11 products. Like WEP, TKIP uses RC4 ciphering, but adds functions such
as a 128-bit encryption key, a 48-bit initialization vector, a new message
integrity code (MIC), and initialization vector (IV) sequencing rules to provide
better protection. See also, 802.11x and WEP.
TLS
(Transport Layer Security Protocol) An authentication and encryption protocol
that is the successor to the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol for private
transmission over the Internet. Defined in RFC 2246, TLS provides mutual
authentication with non-repudiation, encryption, algorithm negotiation, secure
key derivation, and message integrity checking. TLS has been adapted for use in
wireless LANs (WLANs) and is used widely in IEEE 802.1X authentication. See
also, 802.1X.
TTLS
(Tunneled Transport Layer Security) An Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
sub-protocol developed by Funk Software, Inc. for 802.1X authentication. TTLS
uses a combination of certificate and password challenge and response for
authentication. The entire EAP sub-protocol exchange of attribute-value pairs
takes place inside an encrypted transport layer security (TLS) tunnel. TTLS
supports authentication methods defined by EAP, as well as the older Challenge
Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP), Password Authentication Protocol
(PAP), Microsoft CHAP (MS-CHAP), and MS-CHAPV2. Compare EAP-TLS;
PEAP. See also, 802.1X,connectivity,MS-CHAP,PAP and PEAP.
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196 Glossary of Terms
GL
Tunneling
A technology that enables one network to send its data via another network's
connections. Tunneling works by encapsulating a network protocol within
packets carried by the second network. For example, Microsoft's PPTP
technology enables organizations to use the Internet to transmit data across a
Virtual Private Network (VPN). It does this by embedding its own network
protocol within the TCP/IP packets carried by the Internet. See also, PPTP and
VPN.
twisted-pair wire
Type of medium using metallic type conductors twisted together to provide a
path for current flow. The wire in this medium is twisted in pairs to minimize the
electromagnetic interference between one pair and another.
UDP
(User Data Protocol) A connectionless protocol that works at the OSI transport
layer. UDP provides datagram transport but does not acknowledge their receipt.
URL
(Uniform Resource Locator) The standard method used for identifying the
location of information available to the Internet.
VLAN
(Virtual LAN) A group of devices that communicate as a single network, even
though they are physically located on different LAN segments. Because VLANs
are based on logical rather than physical connections, they are extremely
flexible. A device that is moved to another location can remain on the same
VLAN without any hardware reconfiguration.
VoIP
(Voice over IP) The ability of an IP network to carry telephone voice signals as IP
packets in compliance with International Telecommunications Union
Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) specification H.323. VoIP
enables a router to transmit telephone calls and faxes over the Internet with no
loss in functionality, reliability, or voice quality.
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Glossary of Terms 197
GL
VPN
(Virtual Private Network) A virtual private network (VPN) is a way to use a
public telecommunication infrastructure, such as the Internet, to provide remote
offices or individual users with secure access to their organization's network. A
VPN works by using the shared public infrastructure while maintaining privacy
through security procedures and tunneling protocols such as the Layer Two
Tunneling Protocol (L2TP). In effect, the protocols, by encrypting data at the
sending end and decrypting it at the receiving end, send the data through a
“tunnel” that cannot be “entered” by data that is not properly encrypted.
WAN
(Wide Area Network) A computer network that is geographically dispersed.
Commonly, a WAN comprises two or more inter-connected LANs. The Internet
is the world's largest WAN. According to the IEEE, WANs interconnect facilities
in different parts of a country or of the world.
WECA
Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance) See also, Wi-Fi Alliance.
WEP
(Wired Equivalent Privacy) An optional IEEE 802.11 function that offers frame
transmission privacy similar to a wired network. The Wired Equivalent Privacy
generates secret shared encryption keys that both source and destination
stations can use to alter frame bits to avoid disclosure to eavesdroppers. See
also, 802.11x and encryption.
Wi-Fi Alliance
A nonprofit international association formed in 1999 to certify interoperability
of wireless Local Area Network products based on IEEE 802.11 specification.
The goal of the Wi-Fi Alliance's members is to enhance the user experience
through product interoperability. See also, 802.11x.
WPA
(W-Fi Protected Access) A Wi-Fi Alliance standard that contains a subset of the
IEEE 802.11i standard, using TKIP as an encryption method and 802.1X for
authentication. See also, 802.11x,802.1X and TKIP.
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198 Glossary of Terms
GL
XML
(eXtensible Markup Language) A simpler and easier-to-use subset of the
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), with unlimited, self-defining
markup symbols (tags). Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C),
the XML specification provides a flexible way to create common information
formats and share both the format and the data on the Internet, Intranets, and
elsewhere.
Access / One® Network
Index 199
IX
Numerics
802.11a 97
802.11g 98
A
about this user’s guide 1
access control list 106
accessone.bin 36
accessone_m.bin 36
action status results 67
action type 136
actions
factory defaults 135
load firmware 136
page device 137
reboot 137
active scanning 13
advanced security 14
advanced settings 93,154
AES 17
antenna power settings 167
apply configuration 124
authentication 104
automatic time 89
auto-sensing power supply 7
B
background scanning 13,112
beacon interval 154
BIN files 36
browser 26
BSSID information 166
C
cautions 3
channel coordination 22
channel list 22
channel selector 152
class of service 81,144
Client Connect 16,101,155
privacy 108
privacy tags 141
client limits 150
client query 22
commands
Firmware Updates 37,41
Load Firmware on Network 38
Load Firmware/Configuration 42
Reboot 4
Subnet 4
Reboot Network 4,39
View Action Status 39
common terms 3
Configure function 71,138
contact information 182
contacting Strix 167,171
copyright notice 3
Cos 20
CSV 118
Index
Access / One® Network
200 Index
IX
D
data input 64
data rate 151
data trust level 113
date and time 88,145
daylight saving time 89
default gateway 78
deployment 8
details pane 38
device information 164
DHCP server 23
options 24
DNS server 79
DTIM 154
dual radio 18
dynamic operation 14
E
elevation 140
encryption 14,17,104
Ethernet segments 20
explosive device proximity 7
exporting CSV 118
F
f42
factory defaults 19,135
file name 146
file type 136
file version 136
firmware
downloading 36
updating 35
firmware updates 91,145
fragment length 154
frequency 151
FTP aggressiveness 37
FTP server 23,25,35,37,41,69
G
general 73,141
getting started 23
glossary of terms 183
GPS positioning 19
H
hardware specifications 22
host network requirements 23
DHCP server 23
FTP server 23,25
Internet browser 26
I
image files 36
Indoor Wireless System 6
inputting data 64
integration 172
intelligent network 11
Internet browser 26
introduction 1
intuitive mouse-over 18,64
inventory 12,40
inventory control 19
Inventory function 116
IP settings 143
IWS 6,18
L
latitude 139
launching Manager/One 29
Access / One® Network
Index 201
IX
lightning protection 18
load firmware 136
load firmware on network 68
logical mesh view 19
long distances 150
longitude 140
M
Manage function 65,134
Management Information Base 20
Manager/One 18
accessing for the first time 31
an overview 43
auto-discovered 63
choice of layouts 45
commands 60
details pane 56
exporting inventory 63
factory default 62
general layout 44
icon view 49
installing 27
intuitive mouse-over 18
inventory 63
launching 29
legends 61
list view 49
logical mesh view 19
logical view 47
legend 52
node registers 54
panning 53
zooming 53
management tools 55
mesh view 47
monitors 19
multi-view 19
node status 57
plug-in 27
refresh 62
segment view 19,48
switching between layouts 46
tabbed pages 58
toolbar 58
tools 18,50
utility pane 29
managing a subnet 127
managing modules 133
managing nodes 127
managing the network 65
manual organization 1
manual time 90
master 15
Master Network Server 15,40
master network server 80
mesh 9
structured 9
topology 9
mesh view 19
metro scenario 5
MIB 20
mobility 15
module name 139
modules
managing 133
Monitor function 119,158
monitors 19
AP 119
Network Connect 121
Rogue 123
Access / One® Network
202 Index
IX
Wireless Client Query 122
mouse-over 18,64
multi-version environment 35
N
Network Connect 17,109,156
network management 15,65,73,141
general 141
SNMP 142
network name 139
network scenarios
metro 5
transportation 10
Network Server 14
network topology 79
node commands
update network membership 131
update node names 130
notes 3
notices 6
European Community 6
Industry Canada 6
non-modification 6
RF exposure 6
VCCI 6
NTP
setting up 33
Windows 2000 33
O
operating environment 91,145
operating mode 149
organization 1
Outdoor Wireless System 7
output power 151
overviews
advanced security 14
background scanning 13
benefits 18
client connect 16
dynamic operation 14
features 18
Indoor Wireless System 6
master network server 15
mesh topology 9
network connect 17
network intelligence 11
network management 15
network servers 14
Outdoor Wireless System 7
remote subnets 16
rogue devices 13
self-discovery 12
self-healing 12
self-tuning 12
technology 18
traffic prioritization 15
wireless workgroups 17
OWS 7,18
P
page 30
page device 137
partner login 36
partners
tools 172
training 172
password 140
encryption 140
peer selection 110
Access / One® Network
Index 203
IX
ping 30
PoE 20
power 151
power settings 167
power supply 7
Power-over-Eternet 20
printing an inventory 117
prioritising traffic 15
priority assignment 171
Priority/One 20,81,144
product images 4
protection mode 99,152
protection rate 153
protection type 153
public safety 18,22,97,149,152,170
R
radio parameters 95,147
radio statistics 160
RADIUS accounting 21,84,144
reboot 137
reboot network 68
rebooting 4
registry editor 33
remote management 20
remote network server 70
exclude 70
include 70
remote subnets 125
communicating between 16
reports 159
radio statistics 160
SSID list 163
VLAN list 163
wireless client monitor 162
wireless neighbors 161
roaming 15
rogue devices 13,14
triangulation 13
Rogue Devices function 165
scan 165
rogue scan 114,157
round trip delay 156
RTD 156
RTS/CTS threshold 154
S
safety warnings 7
sample network 4
scan 165
security 14
security key 105,112
security mode 104
segment view 19
self-discovery 12
self-healing 12
self-tuning 12,111
short slot 100,153
short slot preamble 153
short slot time 153
slave 15
SmartSelect 151
SNMP 75,142
SNTP 89
specifications 22
SSID 21,102
SSID list 163
static network server 80
structured mesh 9
subnet commands 129
Access / One® Network
204 Index
IX
load firmware 129
reboot 129
subnet management 127
Super G 22
support 167,171
symbols used in this guide 3
Syslog 85
syslog 21,144
system 71,138
network management 141
TCP/IP settings 143
user login 139
system and security 19
Ethernet segments 20
factory defaults 19
GPS positioning 19
inventory control 19
network server 20
PoE 20
Power-over-Ethernet 20
Priority/One 20
RADIUS accounting 21
remote management 20
syslog 21
system logging 21
system and securityzero configuration
21
system logging 21
T
target MAC address 156
TCP/IP 78
TCP/IP settings 143
technical support 167,171
Telnet 30
time zone 88
TKIP 21
topology 79
traffic prioritization 15
transfer system files 69
transmit power 151,167
transportation scenario 10
traps 76
trusted IP addresses 77,143
trusted mode 77
U
Ultrawideband 6
update network membership 69,131
update node names 68,130
updating firmware 35
module 41
network 37
user login 72,139
user mobility 15
user name 140
utility pane 29
options 30
V
view action status 39,66
results 67
Virtual Private Network 14
Virtual/Strix 101
VirtualStrix 21
VLAN 21
VLAN list 163
VLAN security 103
VPN 14
Access / One® Network
Index 205
IX
W
warnings 7,3
antenna placement 8
battery 8
electrical power 7
general safety 7
grounding the unit 8
lightning activity 7
warranty 171
welcome 5
WEP 21
why choose Access/One Network 8
Wi-Fi 146
radio parameters 147
Windows 2000 33
wireless 22
channel coordination 22
channel list 22
client query 22
Super G 22
WLAN associations 22
wireless client monitor 162
wireless mode 150
wireless neighbors 161
Wireless Workgroups 17
WLAN associations 22
WPA 21
Z
zero configuration 21
Access / One® Network
206 Index
IX