Tait TBCK4B Base Station Transceiver User Manual TB9400 Installation and Operation Manual

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Application ID	1kiB1JWRHFXTjPRxg3FzAQ==
Document Description	Exhibit D Users Manual per 2 1033 c3
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Date Submitted	2012-01-25 00:00:00
Date Available	2012-01-25 00:00:00
Creation Date	2011-10-05 14:33:48
Producing Software	Acrobat Distiller 7.0.5 (Windows)
Document Lastmod	2011-10-11 10:28:22
Document Title	TB9400 Installation and Operation Manual
Document Creator	FrameMaker 8.0
Document Author:	Tait Electronics Limited

DRAFT 4
TB9400 base station
Installation and Operation
Manual
Draft in Progress
MBC-00001-01
Issue 1
September 2011
DRAFT 4
Contact Information
All information contained in this document is the
property of Tait Electronics Limited. All rights reserved.
This document may not, in whole or in part, be copied,
photocopied, reproduced, translated, stored, or reduced
to any electronic medium or machine-readable form,
without prior written permission from Tait Electronics
Limited.
The word TAIT and the TAIT logo are trademarks of
Tait Electronics Limited.
All trade names referenced are the service mark,
trademark or registered trademark of the respective
manufacturers.
CN1031871, CN1070368, EU000915475-0001,
EU000915475-0002, GB2386010, GB23865476,
GB2413249, GB2413445, US5745840, US7411461,
US7649893, US10/523952, US10/546696, US10/
546697, US10/547964, US10/597339, US11/572700,
US29/306491, US61/218015, US61/236663, US61/
238769, US61/251372.
This product may also be made under license under one
or more of the following U.S. Patents: 4,590,473
4,636,791 4,716,407 4,972,460 5,146,497 5,148,482
5,164,986 5,185,795 5,185,796 5,271,017 5,377,229
5,502,767.
The IMBE™ voice coding Technology embodied in
this product is protected by intellectual property rights
including patent rights, copyrights and trade secrets of
Digital Voice Systems, Inc. This voice coding
Technology is licensed solely for use within this
Communications Equipment. The user of this
Technology is explicitly prohibited from attempting to
decompile, reverse engineer, or disassemble the Object
Code, or in any other way convert the Object Code
into a human-readable form. Protected by U.S. Patents
5,870,405 5,826,222 5,754,974 5,701,390 5,715,365
5,649,050 5,630,011 5,581,656 5,517,511 5,491,772
5,247,579 5,226,084 and 5,195,166.
Disclaimer
Environmental Responsibilities
There are no warranties extended or granted by this
document. Tait Electronics Limited accepts no
responsibility for damage arising from use of the
information contained in the document or of the
equipment and software it describes. It is the
responsibility of the user to ensure that use of such
information, equipment and software complies with the
laws, rules and regulations of the applicable
jurisdictions.
Tait Electronics Limited is an
environmentally responsible company
which supports waste minimization,
material recovery and restrictions in the
use of hazardous materials.
The European Union’s Waste Electrical and Electronic
Equipment (WEEE) Directive requires that this product
be disposed of separately from the general waste stream
when its service life is over. For more information
about how to dispose of your unwanted Tait product,
visit the Tait Electronics WEEE website at
www.taitradio.com/weee. Please be environmentally
responsible and dispose through the original supplier, or
contact Tait Electronics Limited.
Tait Electronics Limited also complies with the
Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances
in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (RoHS)
Directive in the European Union.
In China, we comply with the Measures for
Administration of the Pollution Control of Electronic
Information Products. We will comply with
environmental requirements in other markets as they are
introduced.
Tait Radio Communications
Corporate Head Office
Tait Electronics Limited
P.O. Box 1645
Christchurch
New Zealand
For the address and telephone number of regional
offices, refer to our website: www.taitradio.com
Copyright and Trademarks
Enquiries and Comments
If you have any enquiries regarding this document, or
any comments, suggestions and notifications of errors,
please contact your regional Tait office.
Updates of Manual and Equipment
In the interests of improving the performance, reliability
or servicing of the equipment, Tait Electronics Limited
reserves the right to update the equipment or this
document or both without prior notice.
Intellectual Property Rights
This product may be protected by one or more patents
or designs of Tait Electronics Limited together with
their international equivalents, pending patent or design
applications, and registered trade marks: NZ409837,
NZ409838, NZ508806, NZ508807, NZ509242,
NZ509640, NZ509959, NZ510496, NZ511155,
NZ511421, NZ516280/NZ519742, NZ520650/
NZ537902, NZ521450, NZ522236, NZ524369,
NZ524378, NZ524509, NZ524537, NZ524630,
NZ530819, NZ534475, NZ534692, NZ535471,
NZ537434, NZ546295, NZ547713, NZ569985,
NZ577009, NZ579051, NZ579364, NZ580361,
AU2003281447, AU2004216984, AU2005267973,
AU11677/2008, AU13745/2008,
CN200930004200.4, CN200930009301.0,
TB9400 Installation and Operation Manual
© Tait Electronics Limited September 2011
DRAFT 4
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Scope of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Document Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Associated Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Publication Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.2 Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.3 Mechanical Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.4 Frequency Bands and Sub-bands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.5 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.6 Licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.7 Theory of Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.7.1 Signal Paths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.7.2 Online and Offline Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.7.3 Intermodule Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.7.4 Power Management and Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.7.5 PMU Operation on DC Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.7.6 Front Panel Fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
General Safety and Regulatory Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.1 Personal Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.1.1 Unpacking and Moving the Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.1.2 Lethal Voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.1.3 AC Power Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.1.4 Explosive Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.1.5 Proximity to RF Transmissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.1.6 High Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.1.7 LED Safety (EN60825-1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.2 Equipment Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.2.1 Installation and Servicing Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.2.2 Preventing Damage to the PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.2.3 ESD Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.2.4 Anti-tampering Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.3 Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.3.1 Operating Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.3.2 Humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.3.3 Dust and Dirt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.4 Regulatory Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.4.1 Distress Frequencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.4.2 FCC Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.4.3 Unauthorized Modifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
TB9400 Installation and Operation Manual
© Tait Electronics Limited September 2011
DRAFT 4
2.4.4 Health, Safety and Electromagnetic Compatibility in Europe. . . . . . . . 34
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.1 Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.2 Module Indicator LEDs and Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.1 Reciter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.2 PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.3 PMU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
40
42
43
Working with Base Stations from Your PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.1 PC Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.2 Connecting Your PC to the Base Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.1 Logging In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.2 Setting the IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.3 Responding to Security Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.4 Connecting a Networked PC to a Base Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.5 Troubleshooting Connection Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.6 Finding a Lost or Forgotten IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
4.3 Working with the Web Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.1 Monitoring Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.2 Viewing Configuration Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.3 Viewing the Base Station and Network Identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53
54
55
57
4.4 Basic Tasks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4.1 User Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4.2 Taking the Base Station Offline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4.3 Troubleshooting Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4.4 Working with Configuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4.5 Configuring Single Base Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4.6 Configuring Base Stations in a Channel Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4.7 Setting Up Custom Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4.8 Disabling the Front Panel Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4.9 Preparing to Download Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58
58
58
58
59
59
60
60
60
61
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5.1 Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.1 Equipment Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.2 Grounding and Lightning Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.3 Equipment Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.4 Ambient Temperature Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.5 Cabinet and Rack Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
63
63
64
64
65
5.2 Unpacking and Moving the Subrack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
5.3 Identifying the Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5.4 Initial Setting Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4.1 Confirming Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4.2 Customizing the Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4.3 Changing the Root Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4.4 Tuning the Reciter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
71
73
74
74
TB9400 Installation and Operation Manual
© Tait Electronics Limited September 2011
DRAFT 4
5.5 Installing the Base Station on Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.5.1 Base Stations for Trunked Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.5.2 Equipment Required. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.5.3 Mounting the Subrack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5.6 Connecting Up the Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
5.6.1 Connection Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
5.6.2 Connecting AC Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
5.6.3 Connecting DC Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
5.6.4 Connecting the Auxiliary DC Power Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5.6.5 Connecting RF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
5.6.6 Connecting an External Frequency Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5.6.7 Connecting a 1PPS Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5.6.8 Ethernet Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5.6.9 Connecting General Purpose Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Replacing Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
8.1 Saving the Base Station’s Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
8.2 Preliminary Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
8.3 Replacing a Reciter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
8.4 Replacing a Power Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
8.5 Replacing a Power Management Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
8.6 Replacing the Front Panel Fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
8.7 Replacing the Module Guide Rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
8.8 Replacing the Subrack Interconnect Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
8.9 Final Reassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Appendix A – Interface Pin Allocations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
System Interface Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Ethernet Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
PMU Auxiliary DC Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Appendix B – Inter-Module Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Dual 50W Base Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Single 50W Base Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
100W Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
TaitNet P25 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
Tait Software License Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
TB9400 Installation and Operation Manual
© Tait Electronics Limited September 2011
DRAFT 4
Preface
Scope of Manual
This manual provides information on installing and operating the TB9400
base station. It is intended for use by experienced technicians familiar with
installing and operating base station equipment. It also includes
configuration, maintenance and troubleshooting information.
Document Conventions
The TB9400 base station has a web interface with an accordion menu on
the left side of the screen. “Configure > Base Station > Channels” means
click Configure in the top-level menu, then in the expanded Configure
menu click the + icon beside Base Station to expand its menu tree, and
finally click Channels in this menu tree to display its page.
These alert icons &
definitions will change.
Within this manual, four types of alerts are given to the reader: Warning,
Caution, Important and Note. The following paragraphs illustrate each type
of alert and its associated symbol.
Warning!!
This alert is used when there is a potential risk
of death or serious injury.
Caution
This alert is used when there is a risk of minor or
moderate injury to people.
Important
This alert is used to warn about the risk of equipment damage or malfunction.
Note
Preface
This alert is used to highlight information that is required to
ensure procedures are performed correctly.
TB9400 Installation and Operation Manual
© Tait Electronics Limited September 2011
DRAFT 4
Associated Documentation
The current set of TB9400 product documentation is provided in PDF
format on the product DVD. Updates are made available on the Tait support
website. Printed copies of the documentation are available on request.
■
TB9400 Specifications Manual (MBC-00002-xx).
■
TaitNet P25 System Manual (MBA-00032-xx).
■
T801-4 GPS Frequency Reference Installation and Operation Manual
(MBA-00033-xx).
Technical notes are published from time to time to describe applications for
Tait products, to provide technical details not included in manuals, and to
offer solutions for any problems that arise. The product DVD includes
technical notes that were available at the time of release. Look for new or
updated technical notes on the Tait support website.
Publication Record
Issue
TB9400 Installation and Operation Manual
© Tait Electronics Limited September 2011
Publication Date
Description
First release
Preface
DRAFT 4
Preface
TB9400 Installation and Operation Manual
© Tait Electronics Limited September 2011
DRAFT 4
Description
The Tait TB9400 base station is a robust state-of-the-art digital fixed station
that combines Tait’s proven strengths in reliability, high performance and
modular design with software-based configurability and operation, digital
signal processing and voice-over-IP technology.
The base station is designed for operation in a Project 25 trunked or trunked
simulcast radio network. The ability of the base station to link stations using
standard Internet Protocol communications, and to add features through
software options ensures that P25 systems designed with the TB9400 are
scalable in both size and functionality.
The base station combines industry-leading digital voice quality with
rugged design specifications and intuitive user interfaces. These products
have been designed to meet the demanding needs of the public safety and
public service sectors.
Its Ethernet interface provides built-in network connectivity, allowing the
TB9400 to join with other TB9400 base stations to form a channel group.
This network supports voice over IP and remote management of all base
stations via a web browser.
TB9400 Installation and Operation Manual
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Description
DRAFT 4
1.1
Features
The following are some of the features of the base station:
10
Description
■
Fully compliant with the Project 25 Common Air Interface. Can
therefore interoperate with any similarly compliant radios.
■
Integrated built-in voting facility. No external voter is needed.
■
Can be completely managed remotely from a PC running a web
browser: configuration, alarm monitoring, fault diagnosis, feature and
firmware upgrades.
■
An integrated wiring solution is provided for the system control bus and
DC power connections to each module in the subrack.
■
Reciters can be replaced without affecting the operation of other reciters
in the same subrack.
■
Rugged construction with generous heatsinks and fan-forced cooling for
continuous operation from – 30° C to + 60° C (– 22° F to + 140° F).
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DRAFT 4
1.2
Modules
The base station consists of a subrack with up to two transmit/receive
channels.
The single PMU (power management unit) supplies and manages power to
the whole subrack (refer to “Theory of Operation” on page 19). One reciter
and one PA (power amplifier) are needed for each transmit/receive channel.
There is also a front panel with user controls and fans. The modules are
interconnected at the front of the subrack. External connections to the
modules are located at the rear.
Modules come in different variants depending, for example, on the RF band
or the supply voltage.
Each module is inserted into the 4 U subrack from the front and is secured
at the front with a metal clamp. Both clamp and module are easily removed
for rapid module replacement. The modules are secured laterally with plastic
guides that clip into the top and bottom of the subrack. These guides can be
easily repositioned to change the configuration of a subrack. The heavier
modules are also secured laterally by metal tabs at the rear of the subrack.
The following provides a brief description of the available modules.
Reciter
The reciter module comprises the
receiver, exciter and digital control
circuitry. The reciter provides the
Ethernet interface and system inputs
and outputs.
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Description
11
DRAFT 4
Power Amplifier
The PA amplifies the RF output from the reciter and is available in 50 W
and 100 W models.
The 50 W model mounts vertically in the subrack, while the 100 W model
mounts horizontally as it has a wider heatsink. The 100 W PA is also fitted
with an airflow duct.
50 W PA
100 W PA
Both models are designed to operate on the 28 VDC output provided by the
PMU.
Power
Management Unit
The PMU provides the 28 VDC
power supply for the modules in the
subrack. The input voltage can be AC,
DC or both AC and DC, depending
on the model. The PMU also has an
auxiliary DC output of 13.65 VDC,
27.3 VDC, or 54.6 VDC, depending
on the model.
AC and DC PMU shown
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Description
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DRAFT 4
Front Panel
The front panel is mounted onto the subrack with two quick-release
fasteners. It incorporates the indicator LEDs, four-line LCD display, user
controls and cooling fans.
The indicator LEDS allow some monitoring of the operational status of the
base station. The user controls and display allow the technician to configure
the IP address of each module. Refer to “Front Panel” on page 36 for more
information.
Note
Subrack
The microphone input and speaker are not used in this release of
the TB9400.
The 4 U subrack is made of passivated steel and is designed to fit into a
standard 19 inch rack or cabinet. The subrack is fitted with an interconnect
board that connects the system control bus and power to the modules and
front panel. The position of a module in the subrack is defined by the socket
on the subrack interconnect board to which the module is connected by the
system control bus.
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Description
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DRAFT 4
1.3
Mechanical Assembly
This section illustrates the main mechanical components of the base station.
Figure 1.1 below shows the configuration for a typical dual 50 W base
station. The PMU occupies the slot at the left end of the subrack, with the
reciter and PA pairs to the right of it. Each PA is mounted vertically with its
heatsink facing its associated reciter. The PMU and each reciter/PA pair
have their own cooling fans.
The front panel can be easily removed from the subrack by undoing two
quick-release fasteners. Refer to “Replacing Modules” on page 93 for more
details.
Figure 1.1
Mechanical
. assembly - dual 50 W base station with front panel
1@
1!
1)
1#
14
front panel
subrack
PMU
PA 2
reciter 2
cable retaining clip
1)
1!
1@
1#
reciter 1
module retaining clamp
subrack interconnect board
plastic guide rail
subrack interconnect board retaining clamp
front panel fastener
PA 1
Description
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DRAFT 4
Figure 1.2 below shows the configuration for a typical single 50 W base
station. The PMU occupies its usual slot at the left end of the subrack, with
the reciter and PA pair at the right of the subrack. The PA is mounted
vertically with its heatsink facing the reciter. The PMU and the reciter/PA
pair have their own cooling fans.
Figure 1.2
Mechanical assembly - single 50 W base station
PMU
50 W PA
TB9400 Installation and Operation Manual
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reciter
subrack
Description
15
DRAFT 4
Figure 1.3 below shows the configuration for a typical 100 W base station.
The PMU occupies its usual slot at the left end of the subrack, with the PA
directly beside it. The reciter occupies the slot at the right of the subrack.
Unlike the 50 W PAs, the 100 W PA is mounted horizontally with the
heatsink facing upwards. It is also fitted with an airflow duct to channel the
airflow from the cooling fan through the heatsink fins.
Figure 1.3
Mechanical assembly - single 100 W base station
16
PMU
PA
airflow duct
Description
reciter
subrack
cable retaining clip
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1.4
Frequency Bands and Sub-bands
The first release of the base station operates only on K band. Later releases
will support operation on other frequency bands.
Frequency
Identification
K band
Frequency Band and Sub-band
K4 = 762 MHz to 870 MHza
a. The actual frequency coverage in this band is:
Transmit: 762 MHz to 776 MHz, and 850 MHz to 870 MHz
Receive: 792 MHz to 824 MHz
1.5
Applications
The TB9400 is designed for operation in a TaitNet P25 trunked radio
network. It can operate as a single base station or as part of a channel group
or simulcast channel group, and as a traffic channel or control channel.
In a trunked simulcast network, the transmitters in the channel group are
synchronized and transmit simultaneously on the same frequency. Each
transmitter needs a highly accurate 1 PPS pulse and an external frequency
reference, so that it can time transmissions with the required accuracy. We
also recommend using an NTP server at each site, as this will ensure a
common timestamp in logs across all units in the system.
For more information, refer to the TaitNet P25 System Manual.
TB9400 Installation and Operation Manual
© Tait Electronics Limited September 2011
Description
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DRAFT 4
1.6
Licenses
Some operational functions of the base station are controlled by licenses.
These functions will not work unless you purchase the appropriate feature
license and enable the feature set controlled by that license. The feature sets
currently available are listed below.
P25 Common Air
Interface
Allows the base station to go into Online mode. Base stations are always
provided with this license.
P25 Trunking
Operation
Allows a base station to participate in a trunking system. Without this
feature, the base station cannot provide a control or a status connection to a
trunking site controller and it cannot function as a control or traffic channel.
Networking with
Centralized Voter
Allows the base station to act as a central voter within its channel group. This
feature also allows voice networking. Only base stations that will centrally
vote (normally the central voter and its backup) need this feature. The other
members of the channel group only need the networking with distributed
voter feature. A standard trunked base station (standalone without fill-in
repeaters or other channel group members) can function as a master or a
failsoft repeater without this license.
Simulcast
Transmitter
This feature is required in base stations that have transmitters and belong to
a simulcast network.
Simulcast
Modulation
Allows the base station to transmit using the LSM modulation scheme. This
scheme is designed to minimize performance degradation in simulcast
channels caused by delay spread.
Failsoft for P25
Trunking
Allows trunked channels that become isolated from a site controller to
perform simple conventional operation and to interface to a digital dispatch
system. If a trunked channel consists of several base stations in a channel
group, only the central voter (normally the master) needs this license. It is
then able to become the failsoft repeater for that channel group.
Phase 2 Operation
(not yet available)
This feature will allow the base station to operate in trunking mode using
two-slot TDMA as defined by the P25 Phase 2 standard.
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Description
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1.7
Theory of Operation
The reciter receives RF signals from its RF input and sends RF from its RF
output to the PA, along with a PA key signal. The PA sends an RF feedback
signal to the reciter for linearization and power control purposes. The reciter
also receives signals from, and sends signals to, the system interface, the
Ethernet interface, and the front panel (see Figure 1.4).
A system control bus interconnects the modules and carries alarm and
control signaling between the reciter and the other modules.
The Ethernet interface carries voice over IP and also allows maintainer
access via a web browser.
Figure 1.4
Base station high-level diagram
RF To
Antenna
AC Input
DC Input
RF From
Antenna
1PPS*
RF + PA Key
PMU
28VDC
PA
RF Feedback
External
Reference
Frequency*
System Input
and Output
Reciter
Ethernet Interface
to Network
System Control Bus
Front
Panel
*optional for non-simulcast systems
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Description
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DRAFT 4
The reciter carries out signal processing and has overall control of the base
station. It has four boards, as shown in Figure 1.5.
Figure 1.5
Reciter boards
RF Input
RF Output
RF Input
(feedback
from PA)
Receiver
Board
Transmit
Forward
Board
Transmit
Reverse
Board
System Input
and Output
Reciter
Control
Board
Ethernet Interface
to Network
Front
Panel
Maintainer Access
The receiver board contains all the receiver circuitry, while the exciter
circuitry is located on the transmit forward board.
The reciter control board converts information between analog and digital
and controls the maintainer’s access via the front panel. It performs the air
interface signal processing for digital P25 mode, gives the base station an
identity as a network element, and provides the physical connections for the
Ethernet and system interfaces.
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Description
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1.7.1
Signal Paths
Figure 1.6 gives an overview of signal paths within the reciter.
Figure 1.6
Reciter signal paths
Receive
RF Interface
ADC
DDC
Demodulator
P25
Modem
Transmit
RF Interface
DAC
Cartesian
Loop
Control
Modulator
RTP
Protocol
Stack
UDP
Ethernet
Interface
IP
Transmit
RF Interface
ADC
(feedback
from PA)
Reciter Control Board
Digital P25 signals from the receive RF interface pass through the digital
receiver and P25 modem to the control software in the RISC processor. The
control software passes the signal through the Ethernet interface to the site
controller, or to the central voter in a simulcast system.
Input to the Ethernet interface can be from the site controller, or from the
central voter in a simulcast system. These inputs are processed by the RISC
and passed through the P25 modem to the transmitter. If the base station is
itself a central voter, this input can also be a received signal, which is voted
on and sent back through the Ethernet interface to the site controller.
1.7.2
Online and Offline Modes
The base station normally operates in Online mode, but you can put it into
Offline mode via its web interface.
Online Mode
In Online mode, the base station performs its normal functions.
Offline Mode
When you program the base station or run invasive diagnostic tests, the base
station must be in Offline mode. This takes the base station out of service.
However, the front panel is still operational and can be used in the normal
way.
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Description
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DRAFT 4
1.7.3
Intermodule Communications
A system control bus and a subrack interconnect board link the modules in
the subrack and carry alarm and control signaling between the reciter and
the other modules, as shown in Figure 1.7.
Intermodule communication paths
PMU
PA Fan
IC
RS-485
Fan
μP
μP
μP
I2C
I C Current
Source
PA 1
Reciter 1
PMU Fan
Figure 1.7
RS-485
Fan
Fan
RS-485
Fan
PMU
Fan
Reciter 1/
PA 1 Fan
User
Controls
Reciter 2/
PA 2 Fan
Front Panel
Subrack Interconnect Board
RS-485
μP
μP
Reciter 2
22
Description
PA 2
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1.7.4
Power Management and Distribution
The PMU manages the supply of power to ensure uninterrupted operation
of the base station. A range of parameters is monitored and these can trigger
alarms that are sent to the reciter. Alarms can be monitored via the web
interface, and are also recorded in the reciter’s internal log file.
AC to DC
Changeover
When the PMU has an AC and a DC module, the base station can be
powered by either the AC (mains) or the DC (battery) supply. The base
station will default to the AC supply if both supplies are provided. If the AC
supply becomes unavailable, a seamless changeover from the AC to DC
supply takes place, providing that the battery voltage is above the configured
minimum. You can use a web browser to check whether the base station is
running on battery or mains power.
DC Operation
When the base station is running off the DC supply and the battery voltage
falls below the configured minimum, the base station will enter battery
protection mode to protect the battery and base station equipment. The
standby power supply card maintains the power to the PMU microprocessor,
while the rest of the PMU is shut down. When the battery voltage rises to
the configured startup setting, power is resumed to the DC supply. Refer to
“PMU Operation on DC Input” on page 25 for more detailed information.
Auxiliary Power
Control
The output from the auxiliary power supply board can be used to power
other site equipment. The maximum output is 40 W.
Distribution
Figure 1.8 shows how power is distributed to modules in the subrack. The
28 VDC output from the PMU is fed directly to the 100 W PA and 50 W
PA1, and to the other modules via the subrack interconnect board. Power
to the reciters and front panel is current-limited by self-resetting fuses on the
subrack board.
The AC converter has a series switch which breaks the phase input to the
converter. The DC input, however, has much higher current ratings. Its
switch does not disconnect power from the DC converter itself, but disables
the converter by switching off its control circuitry.
The outputs from both the AC and DC high power converters are added
together and fed to the modules via the high-current outputs. The auxiliary
output is also tapped off this summed output.
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Description
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DRAFT 4
Figure 1.8
Subrack power distribution for single and dual base stations
Single
DC
Aux. DC
AC
PMU
28V
Subrack
Board
28V
PA
DC
Dual
Aux. DC
Reciter
Front
Panel
AC
PMU
28V
Subrack
Board
28V
PA 1
24
Description
PA 2
Reciter 1
Reciter 2
Front
Panel
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1.7.5
PMU Operation on DC Input
The operation of the PMU on DC input is controlled by three sets of
parameters:
■
user-programmable alarms
■
user-programmable startup and shutdown limits
■
battery protection limits
The voltage range for each of these parameters is provided in Table 1.1 on
page 26. Figure 1.9 on page 27 illustrates how these parameters interact, and
how they control the operation of the PMU over a range of DC input
voltages.
Alarms
User-programmable alarms can be set for low or high battery voltage
(Configure > Alarms > Thresholds). The alarms will be triggered when the
set voltage levels are reached. These limits are subject to the tolerances of the
battery protection circuitry, as stated in “Battery Protection (Fail-safe)
Limits” in Table 1.1.
Startup and
Shutdown Limits
The user-programmable startup and shutdown limits allow for adjustable
startup and shutdown voltages (Configure > Base Station > Miscellaneous).
These limits can be adjusted for different numbers of battery cells, or for the
particular requirements of the base station operation. Once the limits are
reached, the PMU will shut down. These limits are subject to the tolerances
of the battery protection circuitry, as stated in “Battery Protection (Fail-safe)
Limits” in Table 1.1.
Important
Battery Protection
Limits
It is possible to set the startup voltage of the base station
below the nominal voltage of the battery. Continuing to use
a battery for extended periods when it is below its nominal
voltage will severely shorten its service life. For more information on battery management, we recommend that you
consult the battery manufacturer.
The battery protection limits are set in hardware at the factory, and cannot
be adjusted by the user. These limits will not be reached under normal
operation conditions, but are provided as “fail-safe” measures to protect the
battery from deep discharge. They also remove the need for low-voltage
disconnect modules.
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Description
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DRAFT 4
Table 1.1
PMU DC voltage limitsa
Voltage Range
Parameter
User-programmable Alarmsb
Low Battery Voltage
High Battery Voltage
12 V PMU
10 V to 14 V
14 V to 17.5 V
24 V PMU
48 V PMU
20 V to 28 V
28 V to 35 V
40 V to 56 V
56 V to 70 V
User-programmable Limitsbc
Startup Voltage (after shutdown) 10.9 V to 15 V ± 0.3 V 21.8 V to 30 V ± 0.3 V 43.6 V to 60 V ± 0.3 V
Shutdown Voltage
10 V to 13.5 V ± 0.3 V 20 V to 27 V ± 0.3 V
40 V to 54 V ± 0.3 V
Battery Protection (Fail-safe) Limits
Startup Voltage
Undervoltage Shutdown
Overvoltage Shutdown
Overvoltage Shutdown Reset
10.8 V +0.2 V
9.5 V +0.3 V
18.1 V +0.3 V
17.1 V +0.3 V
21.6 V +0.5 V
19 V +0.5 V
36.2 V +0.5 V
34.2 V +0.5 V
43.2 V +1 V
38 V +1 V
72.4 V +1 V
68.4 V +1 V
a. The information in this table is extracted from the Specifications Manual. Refer to the latest issue of this manual
for the most up-to-date and complete PMU specifications.
b. Using the base station’s web interface.
c. These limits are subject to the tolerances of the battery protection circuitry.
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Description
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TB9400 Installation and Operation Manual
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Stop
Run
Stop
Run
Description
Off
Software Alarm
(High Battery Voltage) Active
Off
Software Alarm
(Low Battery Voltage) Active
Software Control &
Hardware Combined
Hardware Behaviour
0V
Undervoltage Shutdown (HW)
Shutdown Voltage (SW)
Low Battery Voltage Alarm (SW Alarm)
Startup Voltage (HW)
Startup Voltage (SW)
30s delay
30s delay
30s delay
Time
Figure 1.9
High Battery Voltage Alarm (SW Alarm)
Overvoltage Shutdown Reset (HW)
Overvoltage Shutdown (HW)
DC Input Voltage
DRAFT 4
PMU alarm thresholds and voltage limits when operating on DC
27
DRAFT 4
1.7.6
Front Panel Fans
The front panel is equipped with three fans. One fan is for the PMU and
the other two are for the reciter/PA pairs in a 50 W base station, or for the
PA and reciter in a 100 W base station. Front panel fans do not operate
continuously but are switched on and off as needed by the reciter firmware.
Each reciter controls the fan it shares with its PA, and reciter 1 also controls
the PMU fan. Under certain conditions the PMU and each PA can override
the reciter and assume control of its own fan.
Front panel fans are 3-wire fans (power, ground, and rotation detect). The
reciter can monitor whether the fans are rotating and generate an alarm if
the fan fails.
The fans turn on for a few seconds when the base station is powered up, and
also after the front panel is refitted to a base station which is powered up.
Configuring Fan
Control
The operation of the PA fan is configurable via the web interface; you can
specify the threshold temperature at which the fan will be turned on, and
set the fan to operate only when the PA is transmitting.
The PMU fan has fixed on/off thresholds and a defined set of duty cycles
based on the PMU temperature, as described in the following table:
PMU Temperature
28
Description
Fan Duty Cycle
<149 °F (65 °C)
Increases as the load on the PMU
increases
149-167 °F (65-75 °C)
On for two minutes, off for one minute
>167 °F (75 °C)
Always on
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General Safety and Regulatory
Information
This chapter provides general information on safety precautions for
operating the base station.
2.1
Personal Safety
2.1.1
Unpacking and Moving the Equipment
To prevent personal injury and equipment damage, we recommend that two
people unpack and move the equipment.
Caution
2.1.2
A subrack complete with modules can weigh up to
55 lb (25 kg), or up to 62 lb (28 kg) complete with
packaging. We recommend that you have another
person help you unpack and move the equipment.
The TBAA03-16 carrying handles will make it easier
to move the equipment once it has been unpacked.
If necessary, remove the modules from the subrack
before moving it (refer to “Replacing Modules” on
page 93). In all cases follow safe lifting practices.
Lethal Voltages
Warning!!
The PMU contains voltages that may be lethal.
Refer to the ratings label on the rear of the
module.
The equipment must be installed so that the rear of the PMU is located in
a service access area which is accessible only by qualified personnel. The
PMU must be connected to the mains supply source by qualified personnel
in accordance with local and national regulations.
Disconnect the mains IEC connector and wait for five minutes for
the internal voltages to self-discharge before dismantling. The AC
power on/off switch does not isolate the PMU from the mains. It
breaks only the phase circuit, not the neutral.
The PMU should be serviced only by qualified technicians. There are no
user-replaceable parts inside. If the PMU is damaged and does not function
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DRAFT 4
properly, stop the module safely and contact your regional Tait office
immediately.
All servicing should be carried out only when the PMU is powered through
a mains isolating transformer of sufficient rating.
2.1.3
2.1.4
AC Power Connection
English (en)
The PMU must be connected to a grounded mains
socket-outlet.
Norsk (no)
Apparatet må tilkoples jordet stikkontakt.
Suomi (fi)
Laite on liitettävä suojamaadoitus-koskettimilla
varustettuun pistorasiaan.
Svenska (sv)
Apparaten skall anslutas till jordat uttag.
Explosive Environments
Warning!!
2.1.5
Do not operate the equipment near electrical
blasting caps or in an explosive atmosphere.
Operating the equipment in these environments
is a definite safety hazard.
Proximity to RF Transmissions
Do not operate the transmitter when someone is standing within 3 ft (90 cm)
of the antenna. Do not operate the transmitter unless you have checked that
all RF connectors are secure.
2.1.6
High Temperatures
Take care when handling a PMU or PA which has been operating recently.
Under extreme operating conditions (+ 140° F [+60° C] ambient air
temperature) or high duty cycles, the external surfaces of the PMU and PA
can reach temperatures of up to + 176° F (+ 80° C).
2.1.7
LED Safety (EN 60825-1)
This equipment contains Class 1 LED Products.
30
General Safety and Regulatory Information
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2.2
Equipment Safety
2.2.1
Installation and Servicing Personnel
The equipment should be installed and serviced only by qualified personnel.
2.2.2
Preventing Damage to the PA
The base station has been designed to operate safely under a wide range of
antenna loading conditions. Transmitting into a low VSWR will maximize
the power delivered to the antenna.
Important
Do not remove the load from the PA while it is
transmitting.
Load transients (switching or removing the load) or atmospheric
disturbances (for example rain static and electrical storms) can damage the
PA output stage. See “Connecting RF” on page 84 for recommendations.
2.2.3
ESD Precautions
Important
This equipment contains devices which are susceptible to
damage from static charges. You must handle these devices
carefully and according to the procedures described in the
manufacturers’ data books.
We recommend you purchase an antistatic bench kit from a reputable
manufacturer and install and test it according to the manufacturer’s
instructions. Figure 2.1 shows a typical antistatic bench set-up.
You can obtain further information on antistatic precautions and the dangers
of electrostatic discharge (ESD) from standards such as ANSI/ESD
S20.20-1999 or BS EN 100015-4 1994.
Figure 2.1
Typical antistatic bench set-up
common point ground
(building ground or
mains ground)
dissipative rubber
bench mat
conductive wrist strap
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2.2.4
Anti-tampering Devices
All network elements should be physically secured, where possible. This
includes the use of locked cabinets and the use of seals on connectors.
All network and audio connectors should be sealed with the stick-on type
of seal. The purpose of the seals is to detect unauthorized tampering. The
seal should reveal if any of the connectors have been unplugged or if any
unauthorized equipment has been plugged in.
The seals must be difficult to remove without breaking, and must bridge
between the cable and equipment side (plug and socket) of the connection.
Seals must cover any unused network or audio sockets. This includes the
Ethernet connector on the rear panel, any spare switch ports, and the
console port on the router and switch.
The seals must be difficult to reproduce. A sticker initialed or signed by the
technician should satisfy this.
Seals must be replaced if they need to be disturbed during maintenance.
2.3
Environmental Conditions
2.3.1
Operating Temperature Range
The operating temperature range of the equipment is – 22°F to + 140°F
(– 30°C to + 60°C) ambient temperature. Ambient temperature is defined as
the temperature of the air at the intake to the cooling fans.
2.3.2
Humidity
The humidity should not exceed 95% relative humidity through the
specified operating temperature range.
2.3.3
Dust and Dirt
For uncontrolled environments, the level of airborne particulates must not
exceed 100 µg/m3.
32
General Safety and Regulatory Information
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2.4
Regulatory Information
2.4.1
Distress Frequencies
The 406 to 406.1 MHz frequency range is reserved worldwide for use by
Distress Beacons. Do not program transmitters to operate in this frequency
range.
2.4.2
FCC Compliance
This equipment complies with:
■
CFR Title 47 Part 15 Class B (except PMU):
Radiated and conducted emissions, and electromagnetic susceptibility
specifications of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules
for the United States.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
a. This device may not cause harmful interference, and
b. This device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.
■
CFR Title 47 Part 15 Class A (PMU only):
Radiated and conducted emissions, and electromagnetic susceptibility
specifications of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules
for the United States.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
a. This device may not cause harmful interference, and
b. This device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.
2.4.3
Unauthorized Modifications
Any modifications you make to this equipment which are not authorized by
Tait Electronics Limited may invalidate your compliance authority’s approval
to operate the equipment.
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General Safety and Regulatory Information
33
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2.4.4
Health, Safety and Electromagnetic Compatibility in Europe
In the European Community, radio and telecommunications equipment is
regulated by Directive 1999/5/EC, also known as Radio and
Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (R&TTE) directive. The
requirements of this directive include protection of health and safety of users,
as well as electromagnetic compatibility.
Intended Purpose of
Product
This product is a radio transceiver. It is intended for radio communications
in the Private Mobile Radio (PMR) or Public Access Mobile Radio
(PAMR) services, to be used in all member states of the European Union
(EU) and states within the European Economic Area (EEA). This product
can be programmed to transmit on frequencies that are not harmonized
throughout the EU/EEA, and will require a licence to operate in each
member state.
Declaration of
Conformity
You can download the formal Declaration of Conformity from
http://eudocs.taitradio.com/. You can also obtain a signed and dated paper
copy of the Declaration of Conformity from Tait Electronics Limited.
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Operation
This section describes the user controls and indicator LEDs on the front
panel and on the base station modules.
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Operation
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3.1
Front Panel
The user controls and indicator LEDs on the front panel are shown in
Figure 3.1. They allow some manual control over the base station and
monitoring of its operational status.
Note
Figure 3.1
Operating controls on the control panel
If there is more that one reciter in a subrack, inputs from all reciters are summed to drive the front panel LEDs.
speaker
microphone connector
power LED
alarm LED
receive LED
transmit LED
keypad
display
Speaker and
Microphone
Connector
The speaker and microphone connector are not used in this release of the
base station.
Power LED
The green power LED is lit when power is supplied to the subrack.
Alarm LED
The red alarm LED will flash at a rate of 2 to 5 Hz when an alarm has been
generated by any of the base station modules. It will continue to flash until
the alarm is canceled or the fault is fixed. Note that only those alarms which
are enabled using the web interface will cause this LED to flash.
bc
LED
36
Operation
Description
On (steady)
The base station is in Offline mode (regardless of the presence of
any fault).
Flashing
The base station is in Online mode, and one or more faults are
present.
Off
The base station is in Online mode, and no faults are present.
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The amber receive LED indicates whether the base station is receiving a
valid RF signal.
Receive LED
LED
Description
On (steady)
The base station is receiving a valid RF signal.
Off
The base station is not receiving a valid RF signal.
Transmit LED
The amber transmit LED is lit while the transmitter is transmitting.
Keypad
The keypad is used to navigate the base station’s menus, enter text, and to
adjust the contrast of the display. The complete list of menu items is provided
in “Menu Map” on page 39.
If required, the keypad can be disabled in the web interface to prevent access
to the base station via the front panel menus (see “Disabling the Front Panel
Keypad” on page 60).
Key
Name
Function
left and right
arrow keys
■
Move the cursor to the left or right when entering text. Moving the cursor
beyond the end of a line will return it to the other end of the same line.
■
Decrease or increase the contrast in the Display Contrast screen.
■
Scroll up and down through a list of menu items.
■
Scroll up and down through the list of available characters when entering
text.
■
Increase or decrease the contrast in the Display Contrast screen.
■
Selects the highlighted menu item.
■
Confirms any adjustments made and exits to the previous menu.
■
When setting the IP address, moves the cursor down one line. When all
the IP addresses are confirmed, exits to the previous menu.
home
■
Returns to the idle screen from any other menu.
return
■
Returns to the previous menu.
■
Moves the cursor up one line in the IP address screen. When the top line is
reached, pressing again returns to the previous menu.
scroll keys
OK
OK
Note
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Unlike a computer keyboard, the keys do not auto-repeat. Each
action requires a separate key-press.
Operation
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Display
The display is used in conjunction with the keypad to access the base
station’s menus. It allows the technician to configure the IP address of each
reciter (refer to “Setting the IP Address” on page 48), and to set the contrast
of the display (see below).
After the base station is powered up, the display shows “Please wait . . .” while
the base station is starting up, followed by the idle screen when the start-up
process is complete. If the front panel loses communication with reciter 1,
the display also shows “Please wait . . .”, and the alarm LED flashes. If the base
station is activating new firmware, the display is blank and the power LED
flashes. The idle screen shows four lines of user-defined text, which can be
entered via the web interface (Identity > Identity > Base Station Identity).
From the idle screen press an arrow key, a scroll key or OK to go to the base
station menu. The display returns to the idle screen from any other screen
30 seconds after the last key press. Press any key to turn on the backlight.
The backlight turns off 30 seconds after the last key press.
Note
If the keypad has been disabled, pressing an arrow key, a scroll key
or OK will cause the display to show “Keypad Disabled”.
Set the display contrast as follows:
38
Operation
1.
From the base station menu select Modules > Front Panel > Contrast.
2.
To increase the contrast, press the right arrow or scroll up key. To
decrease the contrast, press the left arrow or scroll down key.
3.
When the contrast is set to the required level, press OK to save the
changes and exit the menu.
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Menu Map
The menu map below shows the menu items available in this release of the
base station.
Note
Idle Screen
Base Station
Modules
The menu map shown is for a single base station. The menu items
available in your base station will depend on the modules present
in the subrack.
Modules
Reciter 1
Reciter 2
Front Panel
Reciter 1
View Reciter 1 Address
Edit Reciter 1 Address
View Reciter 1 Address
IP:
172.025.198.043
MASK: 255.255.000.000
GW: 172.025.002.251
Edit Reciter 1 Address
IP:
1172.025.198.043
MASK: 255.255.000.000
GW: 172.025.002.251
Front Panel
Contrast
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Contrast
Operation
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3.2
Module Indicator LEDs and Switches
Additional status information is displayed by LEDs in individual modules.
The PMU also has switches that let you turn the AC and DC modules off.
3.2.1
Reciter
The indicator LEDs on the front of the reciter are visible through a slot in
its front panel.
Front View
Figure 3.2
Indicator LEDs on the front of the reciter
indicator LEDs
These LEDs provide the following information about the state of the reciter:
40
Operation
■
steady green - the reciter is powered up
■
flashing red - one or more alarms have been generated; you can use the
web interface to find out more details about the alarms.
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The indicator LEDs on the rear of the reciter are on the Ethernet connector.
Rear View
Figure 3.3
Indicator LEDs on the rear of the reciter
indicator LEDs
These LEDs provide the following information about the state of the reciter:
■
steady amber - the Ethernet interface is connected
■
flashing green - data is being transmitted across the Ethernet interface.
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Operation
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3.2.2
PA
The indicator LEDs on the PA are visible through a slot in its front panel.
Figure 3.4
Indicator LEDs on the PA
50 W PA
100 W PA
indicator LEDs
Indicator LEDs
These LEDs provide the following information about the state of the PA:
■
steady green - the PA is powered up
■
flashing green - the PA has no application firmware loaded or activated;
you can use the web interface to download or activate the firmware; also
see “Preparing to Download Firmware” on page 61
■
flashing red - one or more alarms have been generated; you can use the
web interface to find out more details about the alarms.
Note
42
Operation
The alarm LED will flash whenever an alarm is generated,
whether or not this alarm has been disabled via the web interface.
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3.2.3
PMU
The only controls on the PMU are the on/off switches on the rear panel for
the AC and DC modules, and the indicator LEDs visible through a slot in
its front panel.
Figure 3.5
Operating controls on the PMU
rear view
front view
AC module on/off switch
indicator LEDs
DC module on/off switch
Warning!!
AC Module On/Off
Switch
The AC and DC module on/off switches do not
totally isolate the internal circuitry of the PMU
from the AC or DC power supplies. You must
disconnect the AC and DC supplies from the
PMU before dismantling or carrying out any
maintenance. Refer to the service manual for
the correct servicing procedures.
This switch turns the AC input to the PMU on and off. Note that this
switch breaks only the phase circuit, not the neutral.
Note
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On switches fitted to PMUs up to November 2008, the red button
is “in” when on, and “out” when off. On switches fitted from
November 2008 onwards, the red button remains “out” whether
on or off.
Operation
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DRAFT 4
DC Module On/Off
Switch
This switch turns the DC output from the PMU on and off. Note that this
switch does not disconnect power from the DC converter itself. It disables
the converter by switching off its control circuitry. Even when the DC
converter is off, the DC input is still connected to its power circuitry.
The switch is recessed to prevent the DC module being accidentally
switched off, thus disabling the battery back-up supply.
Indicator LEDs
These LEDs provide the following information about the state of the PMU:
■
steady green - the PMU is powered up
■
flashing green - the PMU has no application firmware loaded or
activated; you can use the web interface to download or activate the
firmware; also see “Preparing to Download Firmware” on page 61
■
flashing red - one or more alarms have been generated; you can use the
web interface to find out more details about the alarms.
Note
44
Operation
The alarm LED will flash whenever an alarm is generated,
whether or not this alarm has been disabled via the web interface.
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Working with Base Stations from Your
PC
The normal web browser on your PC provides a window into the TB9400
base station. Use it to connect to the base station so that you can monitor,
configure, diagnose, and calibrate it (if required).
This section describes the following:
■
Connecting to the base station, including initially setting things up.
■
Working with base station web pages.
■
Carrying out basic tasks.
This section provides an overview of some aspects of the web interface.
Refer to the Help for detailed instructions.
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4.1
PC Recommendations
We recommend the following PC hardware and software for connecting to
a TB9400 base station:
■
SVGA Monitor (1024 x 768 minimum).
■
Network connection.
■
Mozilla Firefox version 3.6 and later, Microsoft Internet Explorer
version 8 and later.
Note
4.2
We have tested the base station with Firefox 3.6 and Internet
Explorer 8. If you encounter problems with your web browser,
change to one of these browsers.
Connecting Your PC to the Base Station
You connect to a base station using your web browser. Using multiple
browser windows or tabs, you can view more than one base station and more
than one page of any base station at once. Base stations have a web-based
interface that provides the pages you view. Up to five users may be logged
in to a base station at once.
The base station has three different user access levels: Administrator,
Maintainer, and Guest. Passwords can be defined for the Administrator and
Maintainer levels. This is done using the base station’s web interface (Tools >
Tools > User Administration). Refer to the Help for more information on
setting user access levels.
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4.2.1
Logging In
1.
Verify default address.
Enter the base station’s URL into your browser: the default address is
https://192.168.1.2 (note the use of a secure-socket connection). To
find out the base station’s IP address, on the front panel select Modules > Reciter 1 (or 2) > View Reciter 1 (or 2) Address. To set the
IP address, refer to “Setting the IP Address” on page 48.
If access to this menu on the front panel has been disabled, you can
find out the IP address by .....how??
Note
2.
A security warning appears when you connect for the first time.
Proceed anyway (refer to “Responding to Security Warnings” on
page 49).
3.
The login screen appears.
4.
Enter your user name and password. When connecting for the first
time, enter the user name “admin” and password “tbc_admin”.
5.
Click Login.
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4.2.2
Setting the IP Address
Before the base station is installed on site, you need to provide it with its
proper IP address. Make sure that you do not lose this address. A quick way
to set the base station’s IP address is to use the front panel, as described
below.
Note
1.
If access to this menu on the front panel has been disabled, log in
to the base station and set the IP address using the web interface
(Identity > Identity > Network Identity).
Use the front panel display to enter the IP address, subnet mask and
gateway specified for this base station by the IP addressing plan for the
network. From the base station menu select Modules > Reciter 1
(or 2) > Edit Reciter 1 (or 2) Address. If the idle screen is showing,
press an arrow key, a scroll key or OK to clear it.
Important
2.
In this screen each octet in the address lines has provision
for three characters. If an octet in the address has less than
three characters, enter one or two leading zeroes so that
each position is filled, even though the zeroes are not part
of the address. For example, enter 172.25.506.47 as
172.025.506.047. Leading zeroes are removed when the
address is programmed into the base station.
Set each address as described below. Use the left and right arrow keys
to move the cursor across each line in the Addresses screen. Use the
scroll keys to scroll through the available numbers for each position in
a line.
a. Set the IP address and press OK. This moves the cursor to the next
line. To move the cursor back to the previous line, press the return
key.
b. Set the Mask address and press OK.
c. Set the Gateway address and press OK.
d. The display shows “Setting Reciter 1 (or 2) address Please wait...”
while the base station confirms that the addresses are correct.
When this process has finished, the display will show
“SUCCEEDED” or “FAILED” as appropriate. Press OK to return to
the previous menu.
3.
48
If the process failed, try entering the address again. It it still fails, try
the following:
■
enter the address through the web interface
■
check that the IP address you are trying to enter is not already in
use by another device on the same subnet.
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4.2.3
Responding to Security Warnings
When your browser connects to a TB9400 for the first time, it raises a
security warning. Normally, secure websites have a security certificate issued
by a trusted Certification Authority. This is to foil attempts by rogue
websites to pretend to be something they are not. Obtaining such certificates
is impractical for each installed TB9400, so a self-signed certificate is created
when the reciter’s firmware is installed.
Your browser raises a security warning because the security certificate was
not issued by a trusted Certification Authority. The browser has a way of
letting you override or bypass the security warning. In Internet Explorer,
you install a certificate, in Mozilla Firefox you add an exception, and in
Google Chrome you elect to proceed anyway.
You can be confident that you are not connecting to a rogue website
pretending to be your TB9400, so follow the procedure below to tell the
browser that the security certificate is OK. The browser then stores the
security certificate and will not raise a warning on subsequent connections,
unless the IP address of the TB9400 changes or you use a different URL
such as https://127.0.0.1. For more information, refer to
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/931850 (Internet Explorer) or search for
“security certificate” in your browser’s Help.
Firefox
Internet Explorer
1.
When the message “This Connection is Untrusted” appears, click
I Understand the Risks.
2.
Click Add Exception.
3.
The Location field includes details specific to your TB9400. Without
changing the default values, click Confirm Security Exception.
1.
Click Continue to this website (not recommended).
2.
Click Certificate Error.
3.
Click View certificates. The Certificate dialog box, General tab is
displayed.
4.
Click Install Certificate and then follow the Certificate Import
Wizard to install the certificate. Proceed to the end without changing
the default values. When the Security Warning window appears, click
Yes.
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4.2.4
Connecting a Networked PC to a Base Station
You may want to temporarily disconnect a networked PC from its LAN in
order to be able to establish a direct connection with the base station. A
physical connection is needed as well as an alternate (Windows 7, Windows
Vista, Windows XP) or temporary (Windows 2000) IP address and subnet
mask.
Windows 7 or
Windows Vista
Windows XP
Professional
50
1.
Remove the local area Ethernet connection and connect an Ethernet
patch cable between the PC and the base station. You can use either
a straight through or crossover Ethernet patch cable with the current
base station firmware.
2.
Navigate to Control Panel > Network and Internet > Network and
Sharing Center.
3.
Click View status.
4.
In the Local Area Connection Status dialog box, click Properties.
5.
In the Local Area Connection Properties dialog box, click Internet
Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4), and then click Properties.
6.
Click Alternate Configuration.
7.
Select the User configured option, and then enter a number that is on
the same subnet as the base station. For example, if the TB9400 has
IP 192.168.1.2, enter 192.168.1.1 for the PC.
8.
Enter a suitable subnet mask, for example 255.255.255.0.
The web browser should now be able to connect to any physically
connected base station that is on the same subnet.
9.
Once the web browser session is finished, re-connect the local area
network cable to the PC. The PC then uses its normal TCP/IP
properties.
1.
Remove the local area Ethernet connection and connect an Ethernet
patch cable between the PC and the base station. You can use either
a straight through or crossover Ethernet patch cable with the current
base station firmware.
2.
Click Start > Settings > Control Panel.
3.
Double-click Network Connections.
4.
Double-click the Local Area Network icon.
5.
Click Properties.
6.
Click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and then click Properties.
7.
Click Alternate Configuration.
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Windows 2000
4.2.5
8.
Select the User configured option, and then enter a number that is on
the same subnet as the base station. For example, if the TB9400 has
IP 192.168.1.2, enter 192.168.1.1 for the PC.
9.
Enter a suitable subnet mask, for example 255.255.255.0.
The web browser should now be able to connect to any physically
connected base station that is on the same subnet.
10.
Once the web browser session is finished, re-connect the local area
network cable to the PC. The PC then uses its normal TCP/IP
properties.
1.
Remove the local area Ethernet connection and connect an Ethernet
patch cable between the PC and the base station. You can use either
a straight through or crossover Ethernet patch cable with the current
base station firmware.
2.
Select Start > Settings > Network and Dialup Connections.
3.
Double-click the Local Area Connection icon.
4.
Click Properties.
5.
Click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and then click Properties.
6.
Note the current settings so that you can restore them later.
7.
Select Use the following IP address, and then enter a number that
is on the same subnet as the base station. For example, if the base
station has IP 192.168.1.2, enter 192.168.1.1 for the PC.
8.
Enter a suitable subnet mask, for example 255.255.255.0.
The web browser should now be able to connect to the base station.
9.
When you have finished the web browser session, re-connect the
local area network cable to the PC and then restore the original PC
configuration. When you close the Network connection dialog box,
the restored configuration is applied.
Troubleshooting Connection Problems
If the attempt to connect to a base station failed, consider these possible
causes.
1.
Your PC is part of your organization’s LAN and does not belong to
the same subnet as the base station. Give the PC a suitable IP address
and subnet mask as described in “Connecting a Networked PC to a
Base Station” on page 50.
2.
You are attempting to connect to the wrong IP address. Check that
the IP address is correct.
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Note
4.2.6
3.
The link to the base station is down. Use ping to check.
4.
You may have to bypass the proxy in your organization’s LAN to
access the TaitNet P25 Network. Ask your system administrator to
give you access.
Finding a Lost or Forgotten IP Address
What do you do if access
to this front panel menu
has been blocked via the
web interface?
52
You can quickly check the base station’s IP address via the front
panel, as long as access to this menu has not been disabled.
Use the following procedure if an IP address has been lost or forgotten.
1.
Mount the reciter in a TB9400 subrack and fit the front panel. Power
up the subrack.
2.
On the front panel display select Modules > Reciter 1 (or 2) > View
Reciter 1 (or 2) Address.
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4.3
Working with the Web Interface
This section provides an overview of the web interface. Refer to the Help
for detailed instructions.
When you connect to a base station, the browser displays a page like the
following.
Accordion
menu
Status bar
Alarm status. Click
System Status to
go to the Alarms
screen.
Model and name of
base station
Click your user
name to change
your password
and user settings
Click to
disconnect
Mode (online or
offline). Click
Mode to go to the
screen where you
can change mode.
The accordion menu on the left gives you access to the various pages. Click
a top level item (such as Configure) to open up its menu. Click the + icon
( ) on a menu item to expand the menu tree and the – icon ( ) to collapse
it again. Click an item in an expanded menu tree to display its page.
You can have more than one page open at the same time. Right-click an
item on the menu and select “Open link in new tab” or “Open link in new
window”. You can also wheel-click an item to open it in a new tab.
Press F11 for a full-screen display of the browser which does not show
toolbars and other information. Press F11 again to return to the standard
view.
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4.3.1
Monitoring Operation
Using the monitoring pages, you can see how the base station is currently
operating.
For example, you can see the status of its trunking interface (Monitor >
Interfaces > Trunking).
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4.3.2
Viewing Configuration Settings
The base station has many configuration settings that personalize it for its
particular role in the network. Some settings, such as those for the trunking
interface (Configure > Network Interfaces > Trunking), always apply.
Others are channel-based so that they can be dynamically changed. To view
these, you first need to know the channel that the base station is operating
on. Select Identity > Identity > Base Station to see its default channel
number. Then you can view the base station’s channel configuration
settings. Select Configure > Base Station > Channels to view the list of
channels.
Select a channel and click Edit to view details of the channel. Clicking
directly on any text in a line will also open the edit screen.
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Channel and signaling settings are grouped together in profiles. The channel
configuration indicates the number of the currently active profile. To view
the channel profile settings, select Configure > RF Interface > Channel
Profiles and then click the relevant profile number.
Proceed in a similar way to view signaling profile and channel group settings.
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4.3.3
Viewing the Base Station and Network Identity
Each base station in a network has a unique base station and network
identity.
Select Identity > Identity and then Base Station or Network to view details
such as name, receiver number, default channel and network addresses. Note
that the Host Name field has a maximum of 63 characters, and may use the
characters a – z, 0 – 9, dot and hyphen.
You can also enter here the four lines of information you want to appear on
the front panel display (at start-up and when idle). Each line has a maximum
of 20 characters.
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4.4
Basic Tasks
4.4.1
User Settings
Click on your user name in the top right corner of the page to choose
whether the temperature is displayed in Fahrenheit or Celsius, and to change
your password.
4.4.2
Taking the Base Station Offline
You may need to take the base station offline in order to carry out diagnostic
tests or to take it out of service if a fault develops.
4.4.3
1.
Click Mode on the status bar (or Select Tools > Tools > Base Station).
2.
Under Control, select Offline. Click Offline to confirm the change.
In the Status area, the Mode display changes first to “Changing”, and
then to “Offline” ( ).
Troubleshooting Alarms
If the Alarm status on the status bar displays red, one or more alarms have
been triggered, and the Alarms menu automatically expands to display the
alarm(s). Click Help and navigate to the description of that alarm.
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4.4.4
Working with Configuration Files
At any time, you can save the current configuration settings as a file
(Tools > Tools > Configurations). This is stored in the base station, but you
can download it and store it on your computer as an off-site backup. The
base station identity and network identity are not saved as part of the
configuration file.
You may want to develop a master configuration and upload it to all base
stations in the network, The master configuration can contain all the
different channel configurations and can be common to all base stations. The
base station identity selects the default channel.
4.4.5
Configuring Single Base Stations
Most base stations in non-simulcast trunked networks are single. They
interface to a site controller but not to other base stations. The following
explains the special considerations when configuring single base stations.
Channel Group
Membership
Although single base stations are not actually part of a channel group, their
channel configurations (Configure > Base Station > Channels) must still
select a channel group (Configure > Channel Group > Channel Groups).
Channel Group IP
Address
The selected channel group must be configured for single base station
operation. Specify 127.0.0.1 as the channel group IP address. This stops the
base station from attempting to send voice packets to other base stations.
Preamble
Although the single base station’s transmitter does not receive voice packets
from other channel group members, it still receives them from other base
stations via trunking controllers. So, while most channel group settings have
no effect, the preamble setting still applies and determines how large the
transmit buffer is.
The default setting of 40 ms is intended for internal jitter only. If the base
station is a traffic channel, you may have to increase the preamble. Voice
arriving at the base station’s trunking interface has travelled from another
base station via the trunking site controller and could have significantly more
jitter.
Marshalling
Duration
If the base station is a control channel, the channel group settings should
specify fixed marshalling and allow a duration of 40 ms. This gives the
control channel’s transmitter an appropriate buffer (control channels do not
use the preamble to regulate the transmit buffer). Marshalling duration does
not apply to traffic channels.
Trunking Interface
Single base stations need a control connection to their site controller. A
single base station interfaces to the site controller in the same way as the
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master base station in a trunked channel group. Select Configure > Network
Interfaces > Trunking to configure this.
4.4.6
Configuring Base Stations in a Channel Group
You can configure the way the base station behaves in its channel group.
Also, qualified network engineers can change DSCP assignments, so that
routers and switches provide a different quality of service to different types
of IP packets.
In trunked networks, many base stations are single and not actually part of a
channel group. However, they still must be assigned to a channel group
configuration and some of its parameters must be set correctly.
4.4.7
Setting Up Custom Alarms
Each of the base station’s 12 digital inputs can be used to raise a custom alarm
when the input goes high or low. The Custom Alarms form (Configure >
Alarms > Custom Alarms) allows you to assign a name to each custom
alarm, and to configure whether the alarm is triggered when the digital
input goes high or low.
Custom alarms are used to provide an alarm when an external event activates
a digital input. You can rename any of the available alarms to provide a more
meaningful name, such as “Door open”.
4.4.8
Disabling the Front Panel Keypad
You can disable the front panel keypad to prevent access to the base station
via the front panel menus. Select Configure > Base Station > Miscellaneous
and in the Front Panel area clear the Keypad enabled check box.
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4.4.9
Preparing to Download Firmware
New versions of base station firmware are remotely downloaded to base
stations from a package server. A package server is a basic web server
application. The product DVD provides the Mongoose web server.
Note
You do not have to install Mongoose to make it work, because
mongoose-3.0.exe is a self-sufficient executable file.
You can set up a single PC to be the central package server for all the base
stations on the network using mongoose or any web server. You can also use
a laptop as a temporary package server.
To set up a PC as a package server, proceed as follows.
1.
Insert the product DVD in the computer’s DVD drive.
2.
If the DVD does not autorun, navigate to the DVD’s root folder and
double-click mongoose-3.0.exe. An “m” icon appears in the system
tray to indicate that the package server is running.
3.
If the PC is to be the central package server, configure each base
station with the package server’s IP address and port.
a. Select Configure > Base Station > Miscellaneous.
b. Under Package server, enter the IP address of the package server.
4.
If a laptop is to be a temporary package server, temporarily override
the package server IP address and port in each base station.
a. Select Tools > Tools > Firmware Download.
b. Under Package server, enter the IP address of the laptop.
You can now instruct a base station to list and download firmware from the
package server.
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Installation
This chapter provides information on the site requirements for your TB9400
equipment and also describes how to install the base station in a standard
19 inch rack or cabinet.
If this is your first time installing a TB9400 base station, we recommend that
you read the entire chapter before beginning the actual installation.
5.1
Before You Begin
5.1.1
Equipment Security
The security of your base station equipment is a high priority. If the site is
not fully secure, the base station should at least be locked in a secure cabinet
to prevent unauthorized access.
5.1.2
Grounding and Lightning Protection
Electrical Ground
The base station modules are grounded by physical contact between the
module case and the subrack. To ensure a good ground connection you must
tighten each module retaining clamp securely (refer to “Final Reassembly”
on page 107 for the correct torque).
A threaded grounding connector is provided on the rear of the subrack for
connection to the site ground point (refer to “Connecting Up the Base
Station” on page 80 for more details).
Lightning Ground
It is extremely important for the security of the site and its equipment that
you take adequate precautions against lightning strike. Because it is outside
the scope of this manual to provide comprehensive information on this
subject, we recommend that you conform to your country’s standards
organization or regulatory body.
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5.1.3
Equipment Ventilation
Always ensure there is adequate ventilation around the base station.
5.1.4
Warning!!
Do not operate it in a sealed cabinet. You must
keep the ambient temperature within the specified range, and we strongly recommended that
you ensure that the cooling airflow is not
restricted.
Important
The cooling fans are mounted on the front panel and will
only operate when the panel is fitted correctly to the front
of the subrack. To ensure adequate airflow through the base
station, do not operate it for more than a few minutes with
the front panel removed (e.g. for servicing purposes).
Ambient Temperature Sensor
The ambient temperature reading for the base station is provided by the
temperature sensor located on the front panel circuit board.
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5.1.5
Cabinet and Rack Ventilation
The cooling airflow for the base station enters through the front panel and
exits at the rear of the subrack. For optimum thermal performance, the
heated air that has passed through a base station must not be allowed to reenter the air intakes on the front panel. Any space at the front of the cabinet
not occupied by equipment should be covered by a blanking panel. Refer
to Figure 5.1 on page 66.
To allow enough cooling airflow through a cabinet-mounted base station,
we recommend the following:
■
■
■
an area of at least 23 in2 (150 cm2) of unrestricted ventilation slots or holes
in front of the air intakes for the fans for each subrack; for example, thirty
0.25 x 3.3 in (6 x 85 mm) slots will allow the recommended airflow
a vent in the top of the cabinet with an area of approximately 23 in2
(150 cm2) per subrack, or a similar area of ventilation per subrack at the
rear of the cabinet behind each subrack
a 2 U gap at the top of the cabinet.
Note
The ventilation opening must be unrestricted. If the slots or holes
are covered with a filter, mesh or grille, the open area must be
increased to allow the same airflow as an unrestricted opening.
The maximum ambient temperature entering the cabinet must not exceed
+ 140°F (+ 60°C).
If you are installing multiple subracks in a cabinet, ensure that there will be
enough cooling airflow through the cabinet after the equipment has been
installed. For example, the recommended maximum number of subracks in
a 38 U cabinet is five, as shown in Figure 5.1 on page 66.
If the base station is installed in a rack or cabinet with other equipment with
different ventilation requirements, we recommend that the base station be
positioned below this equipment.
Auxiliary Extractor
Fans
The base station does not require auxiliary extractor fans mounted in the top
of the cabinet. If your cabinet is already fitted with fans, the following
procedures apply:
■
if there are six or more 4.75 in (12 cm) fans, each capable of extracting
94.2 ft3 per minute (160 m3 per hour), they must run continuously
■
if there are fewer than six fans, you must remove them and ensure the
vent in the top of the cabinet has an area of approximately 23 in2
(150 cm2) per subrack.
If you have any other configuration, the performance of your system will
depend on how closely you comply with the base station airflow
requirements described above.
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Figure 5.1
Typical cabinet ventilation requirements
top view
8 in
(20 cm)
side view
front view
2U
≥ 7 in
(≥17.5cm)
66
ventilation slots
blanking panels
Installation
airflow entry
airflow exit path
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5.2
Unpacking and Moving the Subrack
The subrack is packed in a strong corrugated cardboard carton with top and
bottom foam cushions. To prevent personal injury and damage to the
equipment, we recommend that two people unpack and move the subrack.
To remove the subrack from the carton, follow the procedure illustrated in
Figure 5.2.
Caution
Figure 5.2
A subrack complete with modules can weigh up to
55 lb (25 kg), or up to 62 lb (28 kg) complete with
packaging. We recommend that you have another
person help you unpack and move the subrack. The
TBAA03-16 carrying handles will make it easier to
move the subrack once it has been unpacked. If necessary, remove the modules from the subrack before
moving it (refer to “Replacing Modules” on
page 93). In all cases follow safe lifting practices.
Unpacking the subrack
1.
Cut the tape securing the flaps at the top of the carton and fold them
flat against the sides b.
2.
Rotate the carton carefully onto its side c and then onto its top d,
ensuring that none of the flaps is trapped underneath.
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3.
4.
Slide the carton upwards over the foam cushions and lift it away e.
Remove the cushion from the bottom of the subrack f.
Rotate the subrack and cushion carefully over the rear of the subrack
g so that it is the right way up with the cushion on top h. Remove
the cushion from the top of the subrack i.
Disposal of
Packaging
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If you do not need to keep the packaging, we recommend that you recycle
it according to your local recycling methods. The foam cushions are CFCand HCFC-free and may be burnt in a suitable waste-to-energy combustion
facility, or compacted in landfill.
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5.3
Identifying the Equipment
You can identify the model and hardware configuration of the TB9400
modules by referring to the product code printed on labels at the rear of
each module. The meaning of each character in the product code is
explained in the tables below.
Note
Reciter Product
Codes
This explanation of product codes is not intended to suggest that
any combination of features is necessarily available in any one
product. Consult your regional Tait office for more information
regarding the availability of specific models and options.
Product Code
Description
T01-01103-XXXX
Frequency Band and Sub-band
N = 762MHz to 870MHza (K4)
T01-01103-XXXX
A = standard
T01-01103-XXXX
A = default
T01-01103-XXXX
A = default
a. The actual frequency coverage in this band is:
Transmit: 762MHz to 776MHz and 850MHz to 870MHz
Receive: 792MHz to 824MHz
PA Product Codes
Product Code
Description
T01-01121-XXXX
Frequency Band and Sub-band
N = 762MHz to 870MHza (K4)
T01-01121-XXXX
A = 50 W
B = 100 W
T01-01121-XXXX
A = default
T01-01121-XXXX
A = default
a. The actual frequency coverage in this band when used with a K-band TB9400 reciter
is 762MHz to 776MHz and 850MHZ to 870MHz.
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PMU Product Codes
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Installation
Product Code
Description
TBAXXXX-XXXX
3 = PMU
TBA3XXX-XXXX
0 = default
TBA3XXX-XXXX
0 = AC module not fitted
A = AC module fitted
TBA3XXX-XXXX
0 = DC module not fitted
1 = 12V DC module fitted
2 = 24V DC module fitted
4 = 48V DC module fitted
TBA3XXX-XXXX
0 = standby power supply card not fitted
1 = 12VDC standby power supply card fitted
2 = 24VDC standby power supply card fitted
4 = 48VDC standby power supply card fitted
TBA3XXX-XXXX
0 = auxiliary power supply board not fitted
1 = 12VDC auxiliary power supply board fitted
2 = 24VDC auxiliary power supply board fitted
4 = 48VDC auxiliary power supply board fitted
TBA3XXX-XXXX
0 = default
TBA3XXX-XXXX
0 = default
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5.4
Initial Setting Up
Before putting the base station into service, you may want to carry out some
basic functional testing, configuration, and tuning (if required). This section
provides an overview of these procedures:
5.4.1
■
checking that the base station powers up correctly
■
checking the basic functionality of the base station by using the tests
available in the web interface
■
customizing the configuration for the intended installation and verifying
that the configuration is correct
■
changing the root password (if needed - TBD)
■
tuning the base station (if required).
Confirming Operation
Important
Applying Power
Make sure that the RF output is connected to a suitable
attenuator or dummy load. Do not remove the load while
the PA is transmitting as this may damage the PA output
stage.
1.
Apply power by turning on the PMU.
2.
Check that the base station powers up correctly:
■
The front panel display will show “Please wait” while the base
station starts up (this may take up to two minutes). When the
startup process is complete, the display will show the idle screen.
■
The cooling fans in the front panel will run at full speed for a few
seconds, then run at low speed while the base station starts up, and
then assume standard operation. One or more fans may operate,
depending on the temperature of the modules.
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Functional Tests
Test
The following table provides an overview of the tests available using the web
interface. Refer to the Help for full details of these tests.
Notes
Menu
receiver operation
requires a suitable RF source
transmitter operation
requires connection to the network Diagnose > RF Interface > Transmitter
synchronized transmit
checks the simulcast operation of a Diagnose > RF Interface > Synchronized
channel group or the transmitters Transmit
in it
ping
checks the IP connection to
another device with an IP address
NTP query
checks if the NTP-based time
synchronization is working
PMU mains failure
requires a DC backup supply
Diagnose > Subsystems > PMU Control Tests
fan operation
checks the operation of each fan
individually
Diagnose > Subsystems > Fan Tests
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Diagnose > RF Interface > Receiver
Diagnose > Connection > Network
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5.4.2
Customizing the Configuration
The following steps provide an overview of the process used to configure
the base station with the settings it needs. Refer to the Help for detailed
information.
1.
Log in to the base station (refer to “Connecting Your PC to the Base
Station” on page 46 for more details).
2.
Select Configure. The base station has many different settings that can
be configured before it is put into operation, such as:
3.
■
channel configurations
■
alarm control and SNMP agent
■
network interfaces
■
channel groups and quality of service
■
channel and signaling profiles
■
CWID
■
miscellaneous items such as minimum battery voltages, fan
control, NTP and package servers.
Make the changes needed in each form and click Save.
Note
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We recommend that you save the configuration to your PC or
network. First make a backup copy of the configuration (which is
stored in the base station as a file), then save this file to a folder on
your PC or network. This provides a backup which can be
restored to the base station if the configuration information
becomes lost or corrupted.
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5.4.3
Changing the Root Password
Procedure still to be
decided. May be tied in
with Admin password.
The root password to the Linux operating system of the reciter is a possible
security risk. The equipment is delivered with a default password that is well
known. Knowledge of the password could be used to render the equipment
inoperable, for example by deleting files. If you are concerned about the
security risk that this poses, change the password. If Tait provides support
services, it may need to know the password.
Important
If you change the password and then lose it, the equipment
must be returned to Tait. Make sure that you store the password securely and do not lose it.
To change the root password, follow these steps.
1.
5.4.4
TBD
Tuning the Reciter
The K-band reciter does not require tuning.
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5.5
Installing the Base Station on Site
5.5.1
Base Stations for Trunked Systems
When installing base stations that are part of a trunked system, it is very
important to observe good site engineering rules. This is especially true
when the channels are combined into a single antenna, particularly if the
receivers and transmitters also share the antenna, as in a duplexed system.
If at all possible, the RF planner should avoid frequency plans in which the
Rx to Tx spacing is an exact multiple of the trunked channel spacing, thus
forcing Tx intermodulation products to fall outside the Rx channels.
Cables and antennas should be of high quality construction. Solid shield
heliax type cables are best, but if braided shield cables must be used for short
distances, their braids must be silver-plated.
When the outputs of more than one transmitter are combined, their voltages
add, and the resulting peak envelope power is not simply the sum of their
powers, but is equal to the power of one of them multiplied by the square
of the number of sources. Cables, components, and hardware must be rated
to withstand the peak envelope power.
During the commissioning process, all transmitters should be activated together
using a diagnostic test tone, while the receiver RSSI is monitored. There
should be no perceptible increase in RSSI while the transmitters are active.
5.5.2
Equipment Required
It is beyond the scope of this manual to list every piece of equipment that
an installation technician should carry. However, the following tools are
specifically required for installing the base station:
■
Pozidriv PZ3 screwdriver for the M6 screws used in the DC input
terminals on the PMU; M6 (0.25 in) screws are also used to secure the
subrack to the cabinet in factory-assembled systems
■
Pozidriv PZ2 screwdriver for the M4 screws used to secure the module
retaining clamps, and for the fasteners used to secure the front panel to
the subrack
■
8 mm AF spanner for the SMA connectors, and the subrack ground
connector.
You can also obtain the TBA0ST2 tool kit from your regional Tait office. It
contains the basic tools needed to install, tune, and service the base station.
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5.5.3
Mounting the Subrack
Caution
Figure 5.3
A subrack complete with modules can weigh up to
55 lb (25 kg), or up to 62 lb (28 kg) complete with
packaging. We recommend that you have another
person help you unpack and move the subrack. The
TBAA03-16 carrying handles will make it easier to
move the subrack once it has been unpacked. If necessary, remove the modules from the subrack before
moving it (refer to “Replacing Modules” on
page 93). In all cases follow safe lifting practices.
Subrack mounting points
front view
rear view
76
Installation
main mounting holes - front
auxiliary mounting holes - rear
1.
Remove the front panel, as described in “Preliminary Disassembly”
on page 95.
2.
Fit the subrack into the cabinet or rack and secure it firmly with an
M6 (0.25 in) screw, flat and spring washer in each of the four main
mounting holes b, as shown in Figure 5.3.
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If you need extra mounting security, additional mounting holes c
are provided at the rear of the subrack for auxiliary support brackets.
Note
Figure 5.4 below gives the dimensions of the subrack and its mounting
holes.
Figure 5.4
Subrack dimensions
17 in (432 mm)
14.8 in
(375.5 mm)
19 in (482.6 mm)
14.7 in (373.5 mm)
18.3 in (465.1 mm)
14.37 in (365 mm)
4 in
6.96 in
(176.8 mm) (101.6 mm)
5.25 in
(133.4 mm)
0.42 in
(10.6 mm)
0.26 in
(6.6 mm)
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Auxiliary Support
Bracket
TBAA03-13 auxiliary support brackets can be fitted to the rear of the
subrack to provide additional mounting security. Figure 5.5 shows a standard
TBAA03-13 bracket b fitted in a typical Tait cabinet c. If you are not using
the Tait cabinet, you may have to make your own brackets to suit your
installation.
Figure 5.5
Auxiliary support bracket
Important
You must fit the auxiliary support brackets if you intend to
transport a cabinet fitted with a fully built-up base station.
We also recommend that you fit the brackets under the following
conditions:
General Cabling
78
Installation
■
when the installation is in an area prone to earthquakes
■
when third party equipment is installed hard up underneath the base
station subrack.
We recommend that you try to route all cables to and from the base station
along the side of the cabinet so the cooling airflow is not restricted.
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DC Power Cabling
DC power cables should be well supported so that the terminals on the
PMU and on the ends of the cables do not have to support the full weight
of the cables.
Figure 5.6 shows two recommended methods of securing these cables to
prevent straining either set of terminals.
We recommend that you fit the supplied covers to the DC terminals to
protect against accidental shorts.
Figure 5.6
DC power cabling
secure the cables to the
cabinet to support their
weight
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5.6
Connecting Up the Base Station
This section provides information relevant to the task of connecting up the
various inputs and outputs of the base station.
5.6.1
Connection Overview
The connections at the rear of a dual 50 W base station are identified in
Figure 5.7. External connections are all located at the rear of the subrack.
Figure 5.7
50 W base station inputs and outputs
b c d e
1@ 1!
1)
Reciter 1
PA 1
serial RS-232 connectora
1 PPS input
external reference frequency input
RF input
RF output
– VDC input
Reciter 2
PA 2
1)
1!
1@
PMU
+ VDC input
auxiliary DC output
AC mains input
Ethernet interface connector
subrack ground connector
system interface connector
a. Factory use only.
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5.6.2
Connecting AC Power
The PMU is designed to accept a mains input of 88 to 264 VAC at 45 to
65 Hz. A standard 3-wire grounded socket outlet must be used to supply the
AC power. The socket outlet must be installed near the equipment and must
be easily accessible. This outlet should be connected to an AC power supply
capable of providing at least 600 W. The requirements of two typical AC
supplies are given in the following table.
Nominal Supply
Current Requirementa
Circuit Breaker/Fuse
Ratinga
115 VAC
8A
10 A
230 VAC
4A
6A
a. The actual current consumption of the base station will be lower than these requirements (refer to the Specifications Manual for more information).
Your base station should come supplied with
a power supply cord to connect the male
IEC connector on the PMU to the local AC
supply. The pins of the IEC connector on
the PMU are identified at right.
phase
ground
neutral
rear view
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5.6.3
Connecting DC Power
The PMU is designed to accept a nominal 12 VDC, 24 VDC or 48 VDC
input (depending on the model) with negative or positive ground. There is
a minimum DC startup threshold to prevent damaging a battery which has
little capacity left.
You must connect the DC supply from the battery to the PMU via a fuse or
DC-rated circuit breaker with a contact separation of 3 mm, and with the
appropriate rating, as shown in the table below. The DC input leads should
be of a suitable gauge to ensure less than 0.2 V drop at maximum load over
the required length of lead.
Nominal Supply
Voltage
Input Voltage
Range
Circuit Breaker/
Fuse Ratinga
Recommended
Wire Gaugeb
12 VDC
10 VDC to 16.8 VDC
60 A
2 AWG / 35 mm2
24 VDC
20 VDC to 33.6 VDC
30 A
5 AWG / 16 mm2
48 VDC
40 VDC to 60 VDC
15 A
8 AWG / 8 mm2
a. The actual current consumption of the base station will be lower than these requirements (refer to the Specifications Manual for more information).
b. For a length of 5 ft to 6.5 ft (1.5 m to 2 m) (typical).
Terminate and insulate the DC input leads to protect them from accidentally
shorting to the subrack if the PMU is removed before the leads are
disconnected. Protective covers for the DC terminals are supplied with each
PMU.
Figure 5.8
Recommended DC power connection
Circuit Breaker
or Fuse
PMU
Battery
We recommend a screw torque of 18 – 20 lbf · in (2 – 2.25 N · m).
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5.6.4
Connecting the Auxiliary DC Power Output
The PMU can provide an auxiliary DC output when it is fitted with the
auxiliary power supply board. This board is available with an output of
13.65 VDC, 27.3 VDC, or 54.6 VDC (depending on the model), and is
current limited to 3 A, 1.5 A or 750 mA respectively. This power supply is
permanently on as soon as the base station has finished powering up, and is
available on the auxiliary output connector on the rear panel.
You can connect multiple auxiliary power supply boards in parallel for
redundancy purposes, or to provide an output greater than 40 W. Although
no active current sharing is used, auxiliary boards connected in parallel will
current-share before reaching their power limit. The failure (or switching
off) of one auxiliary board will not load any other paralleled auxiliary boards
in the circuit.
Auxiliary DC Power
Output Cabling
Network elements are supplied with a connector, as shown in Figure 5.9.
You can use this to connect the PMU’s auxiliary DC power output to
another device.
Contact your regional Tait office for details on the full range of wiring kits
available.
Figure 5.9
Auxiliary DC power connector
Phoenix MVSTBR2.5HC/2-ST/5.08 female
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5.6.5
Connecting RF
Important
Do not remove the load from the PA while it is transmitting
as this may damage the PA output stage.
The RF input to the base station is via the marked BNC connector on the
rear panel of the reciter. The RF output is via the N-type connector on the
rear panel of the PA (refer to Figure 5.7 on page 80).
Cables and antennas should be of high quality construction. Solid shield
heliax type cables are best, but if braided shield cables must be used for short
distances, their braids must be silver-plated.
Recommendations
for Installing the PA
We recommend the following installation procedures, which should protect
the PA from damage under all but the most extreme operating conditions.
1.
Do not connect the PA directly to the antenna. Fit an isolator or
duplexer between the PA and the load. Fit the isolator as close as possible to the RF output connector on the PA. Do not connect any
switching equipment between the isolator and the PA, unless the
switch cannot operate while there is RF present (i.e. the base station
is transmitting).
2.
Fit a surge suppressor to the antenna cabling where it enters the
building.
3.
Inspect all cables and equipment connected to the base station for
defects.
Ice on the antenna, or a broken antenna, is unlikely to cause damage to the
PA.
Explanation
The circuit design of the PA protects the circuitry from high VSWR. This
makes it difficult to damage the RF power device by keying the PA into a
mismatched load, or if the load deteriorates over even a short period of time
(milliseconds).
However, it is possible to damage the device if all the following conditions
happen at the same time:
■
there is a step change in the PA load (for example, the load is removed)
■
the PA is transmitting
■
the feed line loss between the PA and the mismatch is < 1 dB.
The effect of such conditions is variable: some devices will not be destroyed,
and some may fail after repeated load interruptions.
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5.6.6
Connecting an External Frequency Reference
For K4 Band, the internal frequency reference accuracy is inadequate, and
an external reference (for example, the Tait T801-4) must be used. An
external reference is also required for simulcast. The external reference
frequency can be 10 MHz or 12.8 MHz, with an input level of 300 mVpp to
5 V pp. The stability of this reference should be better than 50 parts per billion
(for non-simulcast) or ≤ 1 part per billion (for simulcast). The reciter
automatically detects the frequency of the external reference and configures
itself accordingly.
If an external reference is required, enable the external reference “Absent”
alarm (Configure > Alarms > Control).
Use a 50 Ω coaxial cable (RG58 or RG223) to connect the external
reference to the base station’s external reference frequency input. You can
daisy-chain up to eight base stations using T-junctions. The maximum
overall cable length is 30 m. Terminate the last connection with a 50 Ω load.
Figure 5.10
Daisy-chaining an external frequency reference input
maximum overall cable
length is 30 m
maximum of eight base
station loads on one
frequency reference output
50 Ω termination
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5.6.7
Connecting a 1 PPS Source
A 1 PPS signal is required for simulcast base stations. This and the external
frequency reference can be provided, for example, by a Tait T801-4
Frequency Reference. For more information, see the T801-4 Installation
and Operation Manual (MBA-00033-xx).
Use a 50 Ω coaxial cable (RG58 or RG223) to connect the source to the
base station’s 1 PPS input. You can daisy-chain up to six base stations using
T-junctions. We recommend that the cable length between the first and last
load is kept to a minimum. This will reduce any propagation variation
between base stations. The maximum overall cable length is 30 m. Terminate
the last connection with a 50 Ω resistor, otherwise reflections of the 1 PPS
pulse may occur.
Figure 5.11
Daisy-chaining a 1 PPS input
The longest length of cable must be between
the source and the first base station
use short lengths of cable
between each base station
maximum of six base station
loads on one 1 PPS output
50 Ω termination
5.6.8
Ethernet Connection
The RJ-45 socket on the reciter’s rear panel provides the 10BASE-T or
100BASE-T Ethernet connection to the other devices in the network. Use
Cat-5 cable to connect this socket to the TaitNet P25 Network via a router
or switch.
If necessary, refer to “Ethernet Connector” on page 109 for a list of Ethernet
connection pin allocations.
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5.6.9
Connecting General Purpose Inputs and Outputs
The base station has a number of general purpose inputs and outputs. These
are connected via the 25-way D-range on the rear panel.
The pin allocations for the D-range connector are given in the following
table. Not all pins are used in this release of the base station.
Pin
Signal Name
Signal Type
Notes
1)
1!
1@
1#
1$
1%
1^
1&
1*
1(
2)
2!
2@
2#
2$
2%
external view
not used
10
11
digital in 1
12
digital in 2
13
+ 5.2 VDC output
14
digital in 3
15
digital in 4
16
digital in 5
17
digital in 6
18
digital in 7
19
digital in 8
20
digital in 9
21
digital in 10
22
digital in 11
23
digital in 11
24
not used
25
ground
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input
5 V TTL logic
active low
power output
maximum current 200 mA
input
5 V TTL logic
active low
ground
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Maintenance
The base station is designed to be very reliable and should require little
maintenance. However, performing regular checks will prolong the life of
the equipment and prevent problems from happening.
It is beyond the scope of this manual to list every check that you should
perform on your base station. The type and frequency of maintenance
checks will depend on the location and type of your system. The checks and
procedures listed below can be used as a starting point for your maintenance
schedule.
Performance Checks
We suggest you monitor the following operational parameters using the web
interface:
■
VSWR
■
DC input voltage, especially on transmit
■
receiver sensitivity
■
any temperature alarms.
These basic checks will provide an overview of how well your base station
is operating.
Reciter
If an external frequency reference is not used, check UHF reciters for
frequency drift after 3 months’ service and annually thereafter. If the drift is
> 0.5 ppm, adjust the carrier frequency offset. For details, see the Help.
PA
There are no special maintenance requirements for the PA.
PMU
There are no special maintenance requirements for the PMU. However, we
suggest that you periodically check that the screws on the DC input
terminals are tight. They may work loose with thermal cycling. Also, if you
are using battery back-up, you should check the batteries regularly in
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Ventilation
The base station has been designed to have a front-to-back cooling airflow.
We strongly recommend that you periodically check and maintain the
ventilation requirements described in “Equipment Ventilation” on page 64
to ensure a long life and trouble-free operation for your base station.
Cooling Fans
The cooling fans have a long service life and have no special maintenance
requirements. You can use the web interface to configure the base station to
generate an alarm if any of the front panel cooling fans fails. Refer to the
Help for more details.
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Troubleshooting
Check that all front and rear connectors and cables are in place, and that
power switches are on. If problems persist, contact your regional Tait office.
Symptom
Possible Cause
Action
Alarm LED red and steady
(not flashing)
The base station is in
Offline mode
Use the web interface to put the base station in
Online mode
Desired feature is not
operating
Feature license missing
Check that you have the necessary feature licenses
(refer to “Licenses” on page 18 and the Help)
Feature license present but Use the web interface to enable the feature.
feature is not enabled
Tx stuck on
Tx and Rx frequencies are
the same
Power LED on front panel Keypad is disabled
is on, but keypad does not
work
Check that the keypad is enabled in the web
interface (Configure > Base Station >
Miscellaneous)
No power or LEDs on front System control bus not
panel
connected to front panel
Check cable connections
Pins bent on 15-pin
D-range plug on front
panel
Reconfigure Tx and Rx with different frequencies
Replace or repair D-range plug
The base station appears to CWID feature enabled
make random
transmissions
No action: CWID transmissions are made according
to configuration settings
PA has low power
Channel is configured to
low power
Use the web interface to check the power settings
PA may have suffered
partial damage
Replace module and send faulty module for
servicing
IMBE does not pass on
tones higher than 400 Hz
Ensure test tones are less than 400 Hz
Test tones can’t be heard
Lost or forgotten base
station IP address
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Replacing Modules
Caution
The 100 W PA and PMU weigh between 9.3 lb
(4.2 kg) and 15.4 lb (7 kg) each. Take care when handling these modules to avoid personal injury.
Important
The cooling fans are mounted on the front panel and will
only operate when the panel is fitted correctly to the front
of the subrack. To ensure adequate airflow through the base
station, do not operate it for more than a few minutes with
the front panel removed (e.g. for servicing purposes). Both
the PMU and PA modules have built-in protection mechanisms to prevent damage from overheating.
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8.1
Saving the Base Station’s Configuration
Before replacing a module in the base station, you should decide whether
you need to save its configuration data. If you are unsure whether you have
a record of the configuration, backup and save the configuration file before
removing any modules. Once you have replaced the module, you will be
able to restore the original configuration to the base station.
If one or more of the modules is faulty, you may be unable to save the
configuration. In this case, you will have to restore the configuration from a
back-up file. Refer to the Help for more information.
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8.2
Preliminary Disassembly
Hot-pluggable
Modules
The reciter, PA and front panel are hot-pluggable and can be removed
without powering down the whole base station. These modules can also be
removed without disrupting the system control bus communications with
the other modules in the subrack.
Important
Disconnecting the
Power
Before removing a PA, first disconnect the DC input, transmit forward input and transmit reverse output, followed by
the RF output. After refitting the PA, reconnect the RF
output first, followed by the transmit forward input, transmit reverse output, and then the DC input.
If you want to disconnect the power before working on the base station,
follow these steps.
Caution
Before disconnecting the battery supply leads from
the PMU, open the circuit breaker or disconnect the
supply leads from the battery.
1.
Turn off the AC b and DC c switches at the rear of the PMU.
2.
Also at the rear of the PMU disconnect the mains d and battery e
supply leads, and the auxiliary DC supply lead f (if fitted).
bd c e
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Remove the Front
Panel
1.
Using a Pozidriv PZ2 screwdriver, undo the fastener at each end of
the front panel b with a quarter turn counterclockwise.
unlocked
locked
2.
Cable Retaining
Clips
Place a finger in the recess c provided at each end of the front panel
and pull the front panel away from the subrack.
The cable retaining clips are used to hold cables in position at the top of the
subrack so that they do not interfere with the mounting of the front panel,
or interrupt the airflow through the base station.
If you need to remove any front panel cables, simply pull the front of the
cable retaining clip down and then slide it out from the subrack until it
reaches the end of its travel.
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8.3
Removal
Replacing a Reciter
1.
If you have not already done so, carry out the instructions in “Preliminary Disassembly” on page 95.
2.
At the rear of the reciter, unplug the RF input cable b, any system
cables c, and the external reference d and 1 PPS e cables (if fitted).
3.
At the front of the reciter, unplug the transmit reverse f and transmit
forward g cables, and move both cables to one side. Unplug both
ends of the system control bus cable h and remove it.
4.
Loosen the screw securing the retaining clamp i and rotate the
clamp through 90° to clear the module.
5.
Slide the reciter out of the subrack, taking care not to damage any of
the cables.
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Refitting
98
1.
Slide the replacement reciter into the subrack and secure it with the
retaining clamp.
2.
Reconnect all the front and rear panel cables previously disconnected.
Ensure the front panel cables are positioned correctly, and retained
where required by the cable retaining clips in the top of the subrack
(refer to “Appendix B – Inter-Module Connections” on page 111).
3.
Tighten the nut on the SMA connector to a torque of 8 lbf ·in
(0.9 N·m).
4.
Carry out the instructions in “Final Reassembly” on page 107.
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8.4
Replacing a Power Amplifier
Important
Removal
Before removing a PA, first disconnect the DC input, transmit forward input and transmit reverse output, followed by
the RF output. After refitting the PA, reconnect the RF
output first, followed by the transmit forward input, transmit reverse output, and then the DC input.
1.
If you have not already done so, carry out the instructions in “Preliminary Disassembly” on page 95.
2.
At the front of the PA, unplug the DC input b, transmit forward c
and transmit reverse d cables, and move the cables to one side.
Unplug both ends of the system control bus cable e and remove it.
3.
At the rear of the PA, unplug the RF output cable.
4.
Loosen the screw securing the retaining clamp(s) f and rotate the
clamp(s) through 90° to clear the module.
5.
Slide the PA out of the subrack, taking care not to damage any of the
cables.
50 W PA
100 W PA
Refitting
b e
d f
1.
Slide the replacement PA into the subrack and secure it with the
retaining clamp(s).
2.
At the rear of the PA, connect the RF output cable.
3.
At the front of the PA, connect the transmit forward and transmit
reverse cables, followed by the DC input cable.
4.
Reconnect all the other front and rear panel cables previously
disconnected. Ensure the front panel cables are positioned correctly,
and retained where required by the cable retaining clips in the top of
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the subrack (refer to “Appendix B – Inter-Module Connections” on
page 111).
100
5.
Tighten the nut on the SMA connector to a torque of 8 lbf ·in
(0.9 N·m).
6.
Carry out the instructions in “Final Reassembly” on page 107.
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8.5
Replacing a Power Management Unit
Important
Removal
You must disconnect the AC and DC power cables before
removing the PMU from the subrack.
1.
If you have not already done so, carry out the instructions in “Preliminary Disassembly” on page 95.
2.
At the front of the PMU, unplug and remove the output power
cable b to the subrack interconnect board. Also unplug and remove
the system control bus cable c.
3.
Unplug the output power cable to the PA d and move it to one side.
4.
Loosen the screws securing the retaining clamps e and rotate the
clamps through 90° to clear the module.
5.
Slide the PMU out of the subrack, taking care not to damage any of
the cables.
50 W base station
Refitting
(obscured)
100 W base station
(obscured)
1.
Slide the replacement PMU into the subrack and secure it with the
retaining clamps.
2.
Reconnect all the front and rear panel cables previously disconnected.
Connect the DC power cables on the rear panel as shown in
Figure 5.6 on page 79. Tighten the screws to a torque of 18 – 20 lbf · in
(2 – 2.25 N · m). Ensure the front panel cables are positioned correctly,
and retained where required by the cable retaining clips in the top of
the subrack (refer to “Appendix B – Inter-Module Connections” on
page 111).
3.
Carry out the instructions in “Final Reassembly” on page 107.
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8.6
Replacing the Front Panel Fans
The following instructions refer to Figure 8.1 on page 104.
Important
You must replace each fan duct assembly in its original location in the front panel. Each module, or pair of modules,
requires a specific type of fan duct to ensure the cooling air
flow passes directly through the modules’ heatsinks.
If a cooling fan has failed and you are fitting a replacement front panel, you
must also fit the correct type of front panel for that base station. Each type
of base station has a different combination of modules, and must use a front
panel fitted with fan ducts that match those modules.
The front panel for a 100 W base station has different fan ducts from the
front panel for a 50 W base station, as shown in Figure 8.1. In a 50 W base
station, the fan duct for reciter and PA 1 is slightly different from the duct
for reciter and PA 2. Each duct is designed to fit only in its correct position.
Removal
1.
If you have not already done so, carry out the instructions in “Preliminary Disassembly” on page 95.
2.
Reciter and 50 W PA Fan
a. Unplug the fan from the front panel board ( b or c ).
b. Remove the four screws labeled d or e and remove the fan duct
assembly from the front panel.
c. Remove the fours screws holding the fan into the duct and
remove the fan.
3.
100 W PA Fan
d. Unplug the fan from the front panel board f .
e. Remove the four screws labeled g and remove the fan duct
assembly from the front panel.
f. Remove the fours screws holding the fan into the duct and
remove the fan.
4.
PMU Fan
a. Remove the 100 W PA or reciter and 50 W PA 2 fan duct assembly
as described above.
b. Unplug the PMU fan from the front panel board h.
c. Remove the two screws labeled i and remove the PMU fan duct
assembly.
d. Remove the fours screws holding the fan into the duct and
remove the fan.
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Refitting
1.
If the original fan was fitted with spacers j, refit these spacers to the
replacement fan.
2.
Fit the replacement fan into the duct, routing the power wires neatly
around the body of the fan to the slot in the side of the duct, as shown
in Figure 8.1.
3.
Refit the four screws securing the fan into the duct. Do not
overtighten these screws or you may distort the fan body.
4.
PMU Fan
a. Refit the PMU fan duct assembly onto its mounting bosses. Note
that the two mounting tabs nearest the center fan fit over the
bosses.
b. Refit the two screws labeled i.
c. Plug the fan into the front panel board h.
d. Refit the 100 W PA or reciter and PA 2 fan duct as described
below.
5.
100 W PA Fan
a. Refit the PA fan duct assembly onto its mounting bosses. Note
that the two mounting tabs nearest the PMU fan fit over the tabs
of the PMU fan duct.
b. Refit the fours screws labeled g.
c. Plug the fan into the front panel board f .
6.
Reciter and 50 W PA Fan
a. Refit the fan duct assembly onto its mounting bosses. When
refitting the duct for reciter and PA 2, note that the two mounting
tabs nearest the PMU fan fit over the tabs of the PMU fan duct.
b. Refit the fours screws labeled d or e.
c. Plug the fan into the front panel board ( b or c ).
7.
Carry out the instructions in “Final Reassembly” on page 107.
Important
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You must connect the fans to the correct sockets on the
front panel board, as shown in Figure 8.1. If the fan connections are changed, the wrong fan will be activated when
a module needs cooling. The module may then fold back
or shut down.
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Figure 8.1
Replacing the front panel fans
50 W base station
reciter 1/
50 W PA 1
(fan 1)
reciter 2/
50 W PA 2
(fan 2)
PMU
(fan 3)
100 W base station
reciter
(fan 1)
100 W PA
(fan 2)
PMU
(fan 3)
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8.7
Replacing the Module Guide Rails
The module guide rails are held in place by four hooks that fit through the
slots in the top and bottom of the subrack. There is also a locking tab which
prevents the guide rails from working loose.
Note
Removal
1.
Subracks produced from late 2008 onwards have wider slots than
earlier subracks. Guide rails designed for these wider slots will not
fit older subracks with narrow slots.
Bottom Guide Rails
a. Insert a small flat-blade screwdriver under the front end of the
guide rail and lift it slightly b. This will ensure the small locking
tab is clear of the slot in the subrack.
b. While holding the front end of the guide rail up, pull the guide
rail towards the front of the subrack c and lift it clear of the slots.
2.
Top Rails
a. Insert a small flat-blade screwdriver under the rear end of the
guide rail and lift it slightly d. This will ensure the small locking
tab is clear of the slot in the subrack.
b. While holding the rear end of the guide rail up, pull the guide rail
towards the rear of the subrack e and lift it clear of the slots.
bottom guide rail
top guide rail
Refitting
1.
Bottom Guide Rails
a. With the locating hooks pointing towards the rear of the subrack,
insert the hooks into the slots in the subrack.
b. Push the guide rail towards the rear of the subrack until you hear
the locking tab “click” into place.
2.
Top Guide Rails
a. With the locating hooks pointing towards the front of the subrack,
insert the hooks into the slots in the subrack.
b. Push the guide rail towards the front of the subrack until you hear
the locking tab “click” into place.
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8.8
Replacing the Subrack Interconnect Board
Removal
Refitting
Figure 8.2
1.
If you have not already done so, carry out the instructions in “Preliminary Disassembly” on page 95.
2.
Disconnect any system control bus cables and DC power cables from
the subrack board.
3.
Remove the three M3 nuts and spring washers b securing the right
end of the board to the subrack.
4.
Remove the D-range cover c.
5.
Remove the two retaining clamps d securing the left end and centre
of the board.
6.
Remove the board.
1.
If previously removed, replace the insulator e.
2.
Refit the board and D-range cover, and secure with the M3 nuts and
spring washers. Replace the two retaining clamps.
3.
Reconnect the system control bus cables and reciter DC cables as
shown in “Appendix B – Inter-Module Connections” on page 111.
Replacing the subrack interconnect board
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8.9
Final Reassembly
Important
You must fit the correct type of front panel to your base station. The different types of front panel and fan ducts are
explained in “Replacing the Front Panel Fans” on
page 102.
1.
Before fitting the front panel, ensure that all cables are secured and
positioned correctly so they are clear of the fan ducts (refer to
“Appendix B – Inter-Module Connections” on page 111). Otherwise the panel may not fit properly, or you may damage the cables.
2.
Refit the Front Panel
a. Ensure that the fasteners b are in the unlocked position.
b. Fit the front panel onto the locating pegs on the subrack.
c. Secure each fastener with a quarter turn clockwise.
d. Push the self-aligning D-range connector c fully in.
unlocked
locked
3.
Before powering up the base station, check that all power, RF and
system cables are connected correctly and securely at the rear of the
base station.
Important
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When refitting modules, make sure they are fitted correctly
into the subrack and all retaining clamps are securely tightened. The recommended torque for the retaining clamp
screws is 17 lbf ·in (1.9 N·m). As well as holding the modules
in place, the retaining clamps push the modules hard against
the rear rail of the subrack to ensure a good ground connection between the modules and the subrack.
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Appendix A – Interface Pin Allocations
System Interface Connector
For the pin allocations for the system interface D-range connector, see
“Connecting General Purpose Inputs and Outputs” on page 87.
Ethernet Connector
Pin
12 345678
external view
Description
transmit data +
transmit data –
receive data +
not connected
not connected
receive data –
not connected
not connected
PMU Auxiliary DC Output
The pin allocations for the auxiliary DC output on the PMU are given in
the following table.
Pin
Description
+ V output
ground
2-pin connector - external view
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Appendix A – Interface Pin Allocations
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Appendix B – Inter-Module Connections
Dual 50 W Base Station
The connections between modules at the front of a dual 50 W base station
are shown below.
Dual 50 W base station inter-module connections
1)
PMU
not used
system control bus
transmit reverse output
28 VDC input
i h j
PA 2
28 VDC output for PA 1
DC Supply
reciter 2
1)
i h
PA 1
reciter 1
transmit reverse input
system control bus and 28 VDC input
transmit forward output
transmit forward input
28 VDC output to subrack interconnect board
PA 1 is powered by a direct connection from the PMU. The other modules
in the subrack are powered from the PMU via the subrack interconnect
board. The DC supply to the reciters is via the system control bus ribbon
cable.
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Single 50 W Base Station
The connections between modules at the front of a single 50 W base station
are shown below.
Single 50 W base station inter-module connections
1)
not used
system control bus
transmit reverse output
28 VDC input
112
i h
PA
28 VDC output for PA
DC Supply
PMU
1)
reciter
transmit reverse input
system control bus and 28 VDC input
transmit forward output
transmit forward input
28 VDC output to subrack interconnect board
The PA is powered by a direct connection from the PMU. The other
modules in the subrack are powered from the PMU via the subrack
interconnect board. The DC supply to the reciter is via the system control
bus ribbon cable.
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100 W Base Station
The connections between modules at the front of a 100 W base station are
shown below.
100 W base station inter-module connections
1)
PMU
PA
28 VDC output to subrack interconnect board
not used
transmit reverse input
system control bus and 28 VDC input
transmit forward output
DC Supply
f e
reciter
1)
transmit forward input
transmit reverse output
system control bus
28 VDC input
28 VDC output for PA
The PA is powered by a direct connection from the PMU. The reciter is
powered from the PMU via the subrack interconnect board and system
control bus ribbon cable.
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TaitNet P25 Glossary
This glossary contains an alphabetical list of terms and abbreviations related
to the TaitNet P25 network and the TB9400 base station.
ADC
Analog-to-Digital Converter. A device for converting an analog signal to a
digital signal that represents the same information.
ANI
Automatic Number Identification. A service that provides the receiver of a
call with a numerical identifier or alphanumeric label of the caller.
APCO
The Association of Public Safety Communications Officials in the United
States. The APCO Project 25 standards committee defined the P25 digital
radio standard. The standard is often referred to as APCO or P25.
ARP
Address Resolution Protocol is an IP protocol used to map IP network
addresses to the hardware addresses used by a data link protocol.
base station
A radio receiver and transmitter that is located in a specific place (at a site)
that enables a two-way radio to communicate with a dispatcher or over a
larger range with other two-way radios. Specifically, Tait TB9400
equipment in a subrack.
battery protection
mode
A PMU enters battery protection mode when it has AC power but its DC
power is below the configured power shutdown voltage. In battery
protection mode, the PMU will shut down to protect the battery if it loses
AC power.
bearer network
Telecom equipment that is used to carry user data.
BER
Bit Error Rate. A measure of the quality of digital transmission, expressed as
a percentage. The BER indicates the proportion of errors to correctly
received digits in a received signal.
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C4FM
Compatible Four-level Frequency Modulation. A modulation scheme
defined in the P25 CAI standard for 12.5 kHz bandwidth.
CAI
Common Air Interface. The over-the-air data formats and protocols defined
by the APCO P25 committee.
call
A complete exchange of information between two or more parties. A call
requires a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. In conventional
systems, a call is an over, but in trunked systems, a call may be a conversation,
made up of a number of overs.
Cartesian Loop
The reciter’s RF output is fed to the PA through the transmit forward path.
A coupled signal from the PA’s RF output is fed back to the reciter through
the transmit reverse path. The reciter uses this feedback through a Cartesian
Loop to linearize the RF amplification system. Linearization is required to
accurately transmit complex waveforms which vary in frequency and
amplitude, such as those used in P25 Phase 2.
central voting
Voting that is centralized at one member of the channel group.
channel
1. A path through which signals can flow.
2. In the RF domain, a frequency pair (or just a single frequency in a simplex
system).
3. A set of configuration information that defines the frequency pair and
other related settings (a channel configuration). “Channel” has this meaning
in the web interface.
channel group
A single logical channel consisting of a set of base stations. The members of
a channel group are linked by an IP network and share a common multicast
IP address.
channel profile
A named group of configuration settings that help to define the properties
of a channel. Each channel in the channel table must have a channel profile
assigned to it.
channel spacing
The bandwidth that a channel nominally occupies. If a base station has a
channel spacing of 12.5 kHz, there must be a separation of at least 12.5 kHz
between its operating frequencies and those of any other equipment.
channel table
The base station’s database of channel configurations.
CODEC
A device which combines analog-to-digital conversion (coding) and digitalto-analog conversion (decoding).
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community
repeater
Repeater that is shared by several user groups.
configuration file
Consists of all the configuration settings needed for a base station, stored as
a file.
conventional
network
Systems that do not have centralized management of channel access. System
operation is entirely controlled by system end users.
CWID
Continuous Wave Identification is a method of automatically identifying the
base station using a Morse code. Continuous wave means transmission of a
signal with a single frequency that is either on or off, as opposed to a
modulated carrier.
DAC
Digital-to-Analog Converter. A device for converting a digital signal to an
analog signal that represents the same information.
DDC
Digital Down Converter. A device which converts the digitized IF signal of
the receiver down to a lower frequency (complex baseband) to suit the DSP.
dispatcher
A person who gives official instructions by radio to one or more SU users.
distributed voting
Voting for the best RF signal that is carried out separately by each channel
group member using the same voting algorithm.
dotted quad
A method for writing IPv4 addresses. The form is DDD.DDD.DDD.DDD
where DDD is an 8-bit decimal number.
downlink
The transmission path from fixed equipment to SUs.
DSP
Digital Signal Processor.
duplex
Providing transmission and reception in both directions simultaneously.
duty cycle
Used in relation to the PA, it is the proportion of time (expressed as a
percentage) during which the PA is transmitting.
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EIA
Electronic Industries Alliance. Accredited by the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) and responsible for developing
telecommunications and electronics standards in the USA.
EMC
Electromagnetic Compatibility. The ability of equipment to operate in its
electromagnetic environment without creating interference with other
devices.
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute. The non-profit
organization responsible for producing European telecommunications
standards.
failsoft mode
An optional operational mode of TaitNet P25 trunked networks. It comes
into effect when the channel group loses all connection to the trunking site
controller.
FCC
Federal Communications Commission. The FCC is an independent United
States government agency that regulates interstate and international radio
communications.
feature code
The alphanumeric code used to identify a feature set.
feature set
A function or mode of operation of the base station which can be enabled
or disabled using the web interface. Each feature set requires a license to be
purchased from Tait before it can be enabled.
feature license key
The unique set of digits belonging to a license which is programmed into
the base station to enable a feature set.
fill-in receiver
An additional receiver placed within the coverage area of a base station to
receive SU transmissions that are too weak to be received by that base
station.
FLASH
Electrically block-erasable and programmable read-only memory.
FM
Frequency Modulation. Often used as an adjective to denote analog radio
transmission.
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frequency band
The range of frequencies that the equipment is capable of operating on.
front panel
The cover over the front of the base station containing the indicator LEDs,
four-line LCD display, user controls and cooling fans.
gating
The process of opening and closing the receiver gate. When a valid signal is
received, the receiver gate opens, letting the signal through.
group call
A call that is sent to more than one SU simultaneously.
heartbeat message
A message whose purpose is to indicate to the receiver that the sender is
operational.
hiccup mode
Many power supplies switch off in the event of a short-circuit and try to start
again after a short time (usually after a few seconds). This “hiccup”-type of
switching off and on is repeated until the problem is eliminated.
holdover mode
A simulcast base station can enter holdover mode when it loses its 1 PPS
pulse. Holdover mode temporarily maintains synchronization by phaselocking the transmit clock to the external frequency reference.
hostname
The unique name by which a network element is known on the network.
hub
A unit for connecting hosts together. It sends all incoming Ethernet packets
to all the other hosts.
hysteresis
The difference between the upper and lower trigger points. For example,
the receiver unmutes when the upper trigger point is reached, but will mute
again until the level falls to the lower trigger point. An adequate hysteresis
prevents the receiver gate from repeatedly muting and unmuting when the
level varies around the trigger point.
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I2C
A bi-directional two-wire serial bus which is used to connect integrated
circuits (ICs). I2C is a multi-master bus, which means that multiple chips can
be connected to the same bus, and each one can act as a master by initiating
a data transfer. Used in the TB9400 for communications between reciter 1
and the PMU.
IMBE
Improved Multiband Excitation. A voice compression technology patented
by Digital Voice Systems, Inc and used in the vocoders of P25 radios.
impairment
A measure of signal quality used in channel group voting. Impairment is
inversely related to signal quality. The lowest impairment (0) indicates the
highest signal quality. The highest impairment (15) indicates the worst signal
quality.
inbound
Describes the direction of a signal: from an SU over the air interface to the
fixed station.
inhibit
A control command that can be sent across the CAI to inhibit an SU. An
inhibited SU appears to the user as if it is powered off.
IP
Internet Protocol is a protocol for sending data packets between hosts.
isolator
A passive two-port device which transmits power in one direction, and
absorbs power in the other direction. It is used in a PA to prevent damage
to the RF circuitry from high reverse power.
kernel
The core executable of an operating system.
LAN
Local Area Network. A computer network that interconnects computers in
a limited area, such as a single building or group of buildings.
LDU
Link Data Unit. Voice calls are sent over the CAI as a series of LDUs.
LED
Light Emitting Diode. Also the screen representation of a physical LED.
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license
Some operational functions of the base station are controlled by licenses.
Purchasing a license from Tait allows you to enable the feature set which
includes the required functionality.
LSM
Linear Simulcast Modulation is a proprietary modulation scheme designed
to give optimal performance in simulcast systems, compared to that
obtainable using C4FM.
marshalling
duration
The length of time that the voice stream needs to travel from the central
voter to the furthest channel group member. The fixed marshalling duration
parameter includes the time needed to fill the transmit buffer to the required
level.
master
The channel group master is the member with the control connection to
the trunking site controller.
multicast group
The group of hosts associated with a specific IP multicast address.
multicast IP address
An IP address that refers to a group of hosts rather than a single host. These
hosts will all accept packets with this IP address.
mute
Prevents audio from being passed to the radio’s speaker.
NAC
Network Access Code. The 12 most significant bits of the network identifier
information that precedes every packet sent on the CAI. The NAC
identifies which network the data belongs to, allowing base stations and
mobiles to ignore packets belonging to interfering networks.
NAT
Network Address Translation allows the use of a single IP address for a whole
network of computers. A NAT sits between the public Internet and the
network it serves, and works by rewriting IP addresses and port numbers in
IP headers on the fly so the packets all appear to be coming from (or going
to) the single public IP address of the NAT device instead of the actual
source or destination.
network element
Any device that is network-connected. A TaitNet digital network consists
of a number of network elements. The TB9400 base station is a network
element designed and manufactured by Tait.
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Network Time Protocol is a protocol and software implementation for
synchronizing the clocks of computer systems across a network. An NTP
server obtains the correct time from a time source and sets the local time in
each connected computer.
NTP
octet
A set of 8 bits.
Offline mode
A mode of operation in which active service is suspended so that special
operations can be carried out, such as programming in a new configuration
or carrying out invasive diagnostic tests.
Online mode
The normal operating mode of the base station.
outbound
Describes the direction of a signal: from a fixed station over the air interface
to an SU.
over
A single transmission, which begins when a user presses PTT and ends when
the user stops pressing.
P25
Project 25. A suite of standards and requirements endorsed by the TIA and
intended for digital public safety radio communications systems.
PA
The Power Amplifier is a base station module that boosts the exciter output
to the required transmit level.
PCB
Printed Circuit Board.
PMU
The Power Management Unit is a module in the base station that provides
power to the subrack and monitors power conditions.
preamble
A well-defined signal that is transmitted at the beginning of digital P25 calls
to facilitate downlink voting and to allow the transmit buffer to fill.
privileges
A set of access rights to the web interface functions. There are Guest,
Maintainer, and Administrator privileges.
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Project 25
A project set up by APCO (the Association of Public Safety
Communications Officials), together with other US governmental
organizations, to develop standards for interoperable digital radios to meet
the needs of public safety users.
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network: the public telephone network.
PTT
Push To Talk. The button on an SU that keys the transmitter.
QoS
Quality Of Service. A router feature that gives real-time data such as voice
calls priority over other data.
receiver number
A unique number assigned to the members of a channel group.
reciter
A module of a base station that provides both receiver and exciter
functionality.
repeater talkaround
Allows the SU user to bypass repeater operation and so communicate
directly with other SUs. While repeater talkaround is active, all transmissions
are made on the receive frequency programmed for the channel.
RISC
Reduced Instruction Set Computer. A type of microprocessor that
recognizes a relatively limited number of instructions. The reciter’s control
board has a RISC microprocessor.
router
A router is an internetwork packet switch that switches data packets from an
input interface to an output interface. The interfaces can be of different
types.
RS-232
A protocol for serial communications between a DTE (data terminal
equipment) and a DCE (data communications equipment) device.
RS-485
An updated version of the RS-232 protocol for serial communications
between multiple devices.
RSSI
Received Signal Strength Indicator is a level that indicates the strength of the
received signal.
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RTP
Real Time Protocol is an Internet protocol that supports the real-time
transmission of voice and data.
Rx
Receiver.
satellite voter
A channel group member that has delegated voting activity to a central
voter.
SAW filter
Surface Acoustic Wave filter. A band pass filter that can be used to filter both
RF and IF frequencies. A SAW filter uses the piezoelectric effect to turn the
input signal into vibrations that are turned back into electrical signals in the
desired frequency range.
selectivity
The ability of a radio receiver to select the wanted signal and reject
unwanted signals on adjacent channels (expressed as a ratio).
sensitivity
The sensitivity of a radio receiver is the minimum input signal strength
required to provide a usable signal.
signaling profile
A named set of configuration items related to signaling that can be applied
to any channel.
simplex
Able to provide transmission and reception in only one direction at a time.
simulcast
The simultaneous broadcast by more than one transmitter of the same signal
on the same frequency.
SINAD
Signal plus Noise and Distortion is a measure of signal quality. It is the ratio
of (signal + noise + distortion) to (noise + distortion). A SINAD of 12 dB
corresponds to a signal-to-noise ratio of 4:1.
site
1. The base station equipment at a particular location. This includes power
supplies, transmitters, receivers, network interfaces and controllers.
2. The location of that equipment.
skew
A measure used in centrally voted channel groups. If a voice stream arrives
at the central voter 20 ms later than the first voice stream from the same SU,
it is said to have a skew of 20 ms.
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SMR
Specialized Mobile Radio. A communications system used by police,
ambulances, taxis, trucks and other delivery vehicles.
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol. A protocol used (for example) by
the trunking site controller to monitor the status of the channel group and
its members.
SSRC
Synchronization source. The SSRC is a large number specified by the
trunking controller in its connection message. It uniquely identifies voice
streams sent from the master base station.
SU
Subscriber Unit. The term used in the APCO P25 standard documents for
a two-way radio (generally a mobile or a portable radio) conforming to the
CAI specifications.
supplementary
service
A term used in the P25 standards. It refers to a group of services that is
additional to the basic service that a telecommunications network provides.
Examples include encryption and SU monitoring.
system control bus
Provides the following physical paths in a TB9400 base station:
■
I2C and RS-485 communications between the modules in the subrack
■
fan power from the PMU
■
power connections for the reciter and front panel.
TaitNet
Brand name for any PMR network designed and manufactured by Tait
Electronics Limited.
TaitNet P25 network
A set of Tait base stations interconnected by an IP network that can carry
voice and data traffic.
TB9400 Base Station
A P25-compliant base station consisting of the equipment necessary to
receive and transmit on one channel. Generally, this means a reciter, a PA,
and a PMU. Often abbreviated to TB9400 or base station.
TCCP
Trunking Channel Control Protocol. A proprietary protocol operating over
IP for the exchange of channel control messages between a base station and
a trunking site controller.
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol. A complex protocol on top of IP for
sending reliable streams of data with flow control.
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TELCO
Telephone company.
TIA
Telecommunications Industry Association
toggle
Describes the switching between two states. If something is on, toggling it
turns it off. If it is off, toggling it turns it on.
tone
A sound wave of a particular frequency.
TSBK
A Trunking Signaling Block is an over-the-air message format used in digital
P25 mode for setting up trunked calls and for supplementary services such
as messaging and status updates.
Tx
Transmitter.
UDP
User Datagram Protocol. A simple protocol on top of IP for sending streams
of data.
uninhibit
A control command that can be sent across the CAI to restore an inhibited
SU to normal functioning.
uplink
The transmission path from SUs to fixed equipment.
UTC
Coordinated Universal Time (word order from French). An international
time standard that has replaced Greenwich Mean Time.
valid signal
A signal that the receiver unmutes to. A signal is valid, for example, when it
is strong enough to be decoded and when it has the specified NAC.
voice stream
A digitized voice signal that passes through the main switch.
VoIP
Voice over IP. The name for the technology that puts speech signals in
packets and then routes them over an IP backbone network.
voting
The systematic sampling of a group of channels for the channel with the
greatest signal strength. Voting provides wide-area coverage and ensures that
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as the user moves throughout the coverage area the strongest channel is
always available for a call.
VPN
Virtual Private Network. A private communications network used to
communicate confidentially over a non-private network.
VSWR
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio is the ratio of the maximum peak voltage
anywhere on the transmission line to the minimum value anywhere on the
transmission line. A perfectly matched line has a VSWR of 1:1. A high ratio
indicates that the antenna subsystem is poorly matched.
watchdog
A circuit that checks that the system is still responding. If the system does
not respond (because the firmware has locked up), the circuit generally resets
the system.
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Tait Software License Agreement
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By using any of the Software items embedded and
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“Licensee” means any individual or entity that
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This Agreement contains the terms and conditions of the license Tait is providing to Licensee,
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3.1. Subject to the provisions of this Agreement
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grants to Licensee a personal, limited, non-transferable (except as permitted in Section 7), and
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allow any third party to: (i) install a copy of the
Software on more than one unit of a Designated
Product; or (ii) copy or transfer Software installed
on one unit of a Designated Product to any other
device. Licensee may temporarily transfer Software installed on a Designated Product to another
device if the Designated Product is inoperable or
130
malfunctioning. Temporary transfer of the Software to another device must be discontinued
when the original Designated Product is returned
to operation and the Software must be removed
from the other device.
4.4. Licensee will maintain, during the term of
this Agreement and for a period of two years
thereafter, accurate records relating to this license
grant to verify compliance with this Agreement.
Tait, or a third party nominated by Tait, may
inspect Licensee’s premises, books and records,
upon reasonable prior notice to Licensee, during
Licensee’s normal business hours and subject to
Licensee's facility and security regulations. Tait is
responsible for the payment of all expenses and
costs of the inspection, provided that Licensee
shall indemnify Tait for all costs (including audit
costs and legal costs on a solicitor client basis) if
Licensee has breached the terms of this Agreement. Any information obtained by Tait during
the course of the inspection will be kept in strict
confidence by Tait and used solely for the purpose
of verifying Licensee's compliance with the terms
of this Agreement.
Section 5 OWNERSHIP AND TITLE
Tait, its licensors, and its suppliers retain all of
their Intellectual Property Rights in and to the
Software and Documentation, in any form. No
rights are granted to Licensee under this Agreement by implication, estoppel or otherwise,
except for those rights which are expressly
granted to Licensee in this Agreement. All Intellectual Property developed, originated, or prepared by Tait in connection with providing the
Software, Designated Products, Documentation,
or related services, remains vested exclusively in
Tait, and Licensee will not have any shared development or other Intellectual Property Rights.
Section 6 LIMITED WARRANTY;
DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY
6.1. The commencement date and the term of the
Software warranty will be a period of one (1) year
from Tait shipment of the Software. If Licensee is
not in breach of any obligations under this Agreement, Tait warrants that the unmodified Software,
when used properly and in accordance with the
Documentation and this Agreement, will be free
from a reproducible defect that eliminates the
functionality or successful operation of a feature
critical to the primary functionality or successful
operation of the Software. Whether a defect has
occurred will be determined solely by Tait. Tait
does not warrant that Licensee’s use of the Software or the Designated Products will be uninterrupted, error-free, completely free of Security
Vulnerabilities, or that the Software or the Designated Products will meet Licensee’s particular
requirements. Tait makes no representations or
warranties with respect to any third-party software included in the Software.
6.2 Tait sole obligation to Licensee, and Licensee’s
exclusive remedy under this warranty, is to use
reasonable efforts to remedy any material Software defect covered by this warranty. These
efforts will involve either replacing the media or
attempting to correct significant, demonstrable
TB9400 Installation and Operation Manual
© Tait Electronics Limited September 2011
DRAFT 4
program or documentation errors or Security
Vulnerabilities. If Tait cannot correct the defect
within a reasonable time, then at Tait option, Tait
will replace the defective Software with functionally equivalent Software, license to Licensee substitute Software which will accomplish the same
objective, or terminate the license and refund
Licensee’s paid license fee. If Tait investigation of
the perceived defect reveals that no such defect in
fact exists, Tait may recover its costs in respect of
such investigation from Licensee.
6.3. Tait disclaims any and all other warranties
relating to the Software or Documentation other
than the express warranties set forth in this Section 6. Warranties in Section 6 are in lieu of all
other warranties whether express or implied, oral
or written, and including without limitation any
and all implied warranties of condition, title, noninfringement, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose or use by Licensee (whether Tait
knows, has reason to know, has been advised of,
or is otherwise aware of any such purpose or use),
whether arising by law, by reason of custom or
usage of trade, or by course of dealing. In addition, Tait disclaims any warranty to any person
other than Licensee with respect to the Software
or Documentation.
Section 7 TRANSFERS
7.1. Licensee will not transfer the Software or
Documentation to any third party without specific prior written consent from Tait. Tait may
withhold such consent or at its own discretion
make the consent conditional upon the transferee
paying applicable license fees and agreeing to be
bound by this Agreement.
7.2. In the case of a value-added reseller or distributor of Tait Designated Products, the consent
referred to in Section 7.1 may be contained in a
Tait Reseller or Tait Distributor Agreement.
7.3. If the Designated Products are Tait vehiclemounted mobile products or hand-carried portable radio products and Licensee transfers ownership of the Tait mobile or portable radio products
to a third party, Licensee may assign its right to use
the Software which is embedded in or furnished
for use with the radio products and the related
Documentation; provided that Licensee transfers
all copies of the Software and Documentation to
the transferee.
7.4. For the avoidance of any doubt, Section 7.3
excludes TaitNet Infrastructure, or the products
listed at any time under network products at:
http://www.taitradio.com.
7.5. If Licensee, as a contractor or subcontractor
(integrator), is purchasing Tait Designated Products and licensing Software not for its own internal use but for end use only by a Customer, the
Licensee may transfer such Software, but only if a)
Licensee transfers all copies of such Software and
the related Documentation to the transferee and
b) Licensee has first obtained from its Customer
(and, if Licensee is acting as a subcontractor, from
the interim transferee(s) and from the ultimate
end user sub license) an enforceable sublicense
agreement that prohibits any other transfer and
that contains restrictions substantially identical to
the terms set forth in this Software License AgreeTB9400 Installation and Operation Manual
© Tait Electronics Limited September 2011
ment. Except as stated in the foregoing, Licensee
and any transferee(s) authorised by this Section
may not otherwise transfer or make available any
Tait Software to any third party nor permit any
party to do so. Licensee will, on request, make
available evidence reasonably satisfactory to Tait
demonstrating compliance with all the foregoing.
Section 8 TERM AND TERMINATION
8.1. Licensee’s right to use the Software and Documentation will commence when the Designated
Products are supplied by Tait to Licensee and will
continue for the life of the Designated Products
with which or for which the Software and Documentation are supplied, unless Licensee breaches
this Agreement, in which case this Agreement
and Licensee's right to use the Software and Documentation may be terminated immediately upon
notice by Tait.
8.2. Within thirty (30) days after termination of
this Agreement, Licensee must certify in writing
to Tait that all copies of the Software have been
removed or deleted from the Designated Products
and that all copies of the Software and Documentation have been returned to Tait or destroyed by
Licensee and are no longer in use by Licensee.
8.3. Licensee acknowledges that Tait made a considerable investment of resources in the development, marketing, and distribution of the Software
and Documentation and that Licensee's breach of
this Agreement will result in irreparable harm to
Tait for which monetary damages would be inadequate. If Licensee breaches this Agreement, Tait
may terminate this Agreement and be entitled to
all available remedies at law or in equity including
immediate injunctive relief and repossession of all
non-embedded Software and associated Documentation. Licensee shall pay all Tait costs (on an
indemnity basis) for the enforcement of the terms
of this Agreement.
Section 9 CONFIDENTIALITY
Licensee acknowledges that the Software and
Documentation contain proprietary and Confidential Information valuable to Tait and are Tait
trade secrets, and Licensee agrees to respect the
confidentiality of the information contained in
the Software and Documentation.
Section 10 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
10.1. In no circumstances shall Tait be under any
liability to Licensee, or any other person whatsoever, whether in Tort (including negligence),
Contract (except as expressly provided in this
Agreement), Equity, under any Statute, or otherwise at law for any losses or damages whether
general, special, exemplary, punitive, direct, indirect, or consequential arising out of or in connection with any use or inability of using the Software.
10.2. Licensee’s sole remedy against Tait will be
limited to breach of contract and Tait sole and
total liability for any such claim shall be limited at
the option of Tait to the repair or replacement of
the Software or the refund of the purchase price
of the Software.
Section 11 GENERAL
11.1. COPYRIGHT NOTICES. The existence
of a copyright notice on the Software will not be
131
DRAFT 4
construed as an admission or presumption of publication of the Software or public disclosure of any
trade secrets associated with the Software.
11.2. COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS. Licensee
acknowledges that the Software may be subject to
the laws and regulations of the jurisdiction covering the supply of the Designated Products and will
comply with all applicable laws and regulations,
including export laws and regulations, of that
country.
11.3. ASSIGNMENTS AND SUBCONTRACTING. Tait may assign its rights or subcontract its obligations under this Agreement, or
encumber or sell its rights in any Software, without prior notice to, or consent of, Licensee.
11.4. GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement shall
be subject to and construed in accordance with
New Zealand law and disputes between the parties concerning the provisions hereof shall be
determined by the New Zealand Courts of Law.
Provided however Tait may at its election bring
proceedings for breach of the terms hereof or for
the enforcement of any judgment in relation to a
breach of the terms hereof in any jurisdiction Tait
considers fit for the purpose of ensuring compliance with the terms hereof or obtaining relief for
breach of the terms hereof.
11.5. THIRD-PARTY BENEFICIARIES. This
Agreement is entered into solely for the benefit of
Tait and Licensee. No third party has the right to
make any claim or assert any right under this
Agreement, and no third party is deemed a beneficiary of this Agreement. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, any licensor or supplier of third-party
software included in the Software will be a direct
and intended third-party beneficiary of this
Agreement.
11.6. SURVIVAL. Sections 4, 5, 6.3, 7, 8, 9, 10,
and 11 survive the termination of this Agreement.
11.7. ORDER OF PRECEDENCE. In the
event of inconsistencies between this Agreement
and any other Agreement between the parties, the
parties agree that, with respect to the specific subject matter of this Agreement, this Agreement
prevails.
11.8. SECURITY. Tait uses reasonable means in
the design and writing of its own Software and the
acquisition of third-party Software in order to
limit Security Vulnerabilities. While no software
can be guaranteed to be free from Security Vulnerabilities, if a Security Vulnerability is discovered, Tait will take the steps specified in Section 6
of this Agreement.
11.9. SEVERABILITY. In the event that any part
or parts of this Agreement shall be held illegal or
null and void by any court or administrative body
of competent jurisdiction, such determination
shall not affect the remaining terms which shall
remain in full force and effect as if such part or
parts held to be illegal or void had not been
included in this Agreement. Tait may replace the
invalid or unenforceable provision with a valid
and enforceable provision that achieves the original intent and economic effect of this Agreement.
11.10. CONSUMER GUARANTEES. Licensee acknowledges that the licenses supplied in
terms of this agreement are supplied to Licensee
132
in business, and that the guarantees and other provisions of prevailing consumer protection legislation shall not apply.
11.11. WHOLE AGREEMENT. Licensee
acknowledges that it has read this Agreement,
understands it and agrees to be bound by its terms
and conditions. Licensee also agrees that, subject
only to the express terms of any other agreement
between Tait and Licensee to the contrary, this is
the complete and exclusive statement of the
Agreement between it and Tait in relation to the
Software. This Agreement supersedes any proposal or prior agreement, oral or written, and any
other communications between Licensee and Tait
relating to the Software and the Designated Products.
TB9400 Installation and Operation Manual
© Tait Electronics Limited September 2011

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