Trane Sys Apm001 En Users Manual 05/05/2009 Chiller System Design And Control

2015-01-29

• Chiller System Design and Control
• Chiller System Design and Control
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • Primary System Components
    • Chiller
      • Chiller evaporator
      • Water-cooled condenser
      • Air-cooled condenser
      • Air-cooled versus water-cooled condensers
    • Loads
      • Three-way valve load control
      • Two-way valve load control
      • Variable-speed pump load control
      • Face-and-bypass dampers
    • Chilled-Water Distribution System
      • Chilled-water pump
      • Distribution piping
      • Pumping arrangements
    • Condenser-Water System
      • Cooling tower
      • Condenser-water pumping arrangements
    • Unit-Level Controls
  • Application Considerations
    • Small Chilled-Water Systems (1-2 chillers)
      • Constant flow
      • Variable flow
      • Condensing method
      • Number of chillers
      • Parallel or series
      • Part load system operation
    • Mid-Sized Chilled-Water Systems (3-5 Chillers)
      • Managing control complexity
      • Preferential vs. equalized loading and run-time
    • Large Chilled-Water Systems (6+ Chillers, District Cooling)
      • Pipe size
      • Water
      • Power
      • Controls
    • Chiller Plant System Performance
      • Chiller performance testing
      • Limitations of field performance testing
      • Guidelines for system efficiency monitoring
      • Energy and economic analysis of alternatives
  • System Design Options
    • Guidance for Chilled- and Condenser-Water Flow Rates
    • Standard rating temperatures
    • Condenser-Water Temperatures
    • Chilled- and Condenser-Water Flow Rates
      • Standard rating flow conditions
      • Selecting flow rates
      • Coil response to decreased entering water temperature
      • Cooling-tower options with low flow
      • Retrofit opportunities
    • Cost Implications
    • Misconceptions about Low-Flow Rates
      • Misconception 1—Low flow is only good for long piping runs.
      • Misconception 2—Low flow only works for specific manufacturers’ chillers.
      • Misconception 3—Low flow can only be applied to new chilled-water systems.
  • System Configurations
    • Parallel Chillers
    • Series Chillers
    • Primary–Secondary (Decoupled) Systems
      • Hydraulic decoupling
      • Production
      • Distribution
      • Pumping arrangements
      • Flow-based control
      • Chiller sequencing in decoupled systems
      • Multiple chilled-water plants on a distribution loop
      • Other plant designs
    • Variable-Primary-Flow Systems
      • Advantages of variable primary flow
      • Chiller selection requirements
      • System design and control requirements
      • Chiller sequencing in VPF systems
      • Other VPF control considerations
      • Plant configuration
      • Guidelines for a successful VPF system
  • Chilled-Water System Variations
    • Heat Recovery
    • Condenser “Free Cooling” or Water Economizer
      • Plate-and-frame heat exchanger
      • Refrigerant migration
      • Well, river, or lake water
    • Preferential Loading
      • Preferential loading - parallel arrangement
      • Preferential loading - sidestream arrangement
      • Preferential loading – series arrangement
    • Series–Counterflow Application
      • Series-series counterflow
    • Unequal Chiller Sizing
  • System Issues and Challenges
    • Low DT Syndrome
    • Amount of Fluid in the Loop
      • Chiller response to changing conditions
      • System response to changing conditions
    • Contingency
      • Minimum capacity required
      • Type and size of chiller
      • Location of equipment
      • Water and electrical connections
      • Ancillary equipment
    • Alternative Energy Sources
      • Electricity generation
      • Alternative fuel
      • Thermal storage
    • Plant Expansion
    • Retrofit Opportunities
    • Applications Outside the Chiller’s Range
      • Flow rate out of range
      • Temperatures out of range
      • Precise temperature control
  • System Controls
    • Chilled-Water System Control
      • Chilled water reset—raising and lowering
      • Chilled-water pump control
      • Number of chillers to operate
    • Condenser-Water System Control
      • Minimum refrigerant pressure differential
      • Condenser-water temperature control
      • Variable condenser water flow
      • Decoupled condenser-water system
    • Failure Recovery
  • Conclusion
  • Glossary
  • References
  • Index
  • Back Cover