Trimble 029A-SN450 Ruggedized Data Modem for GPS User Manual SiteNet 450 Operation Manual

Trimble Navigation Ltd Ruggedized Data Modem for GPS SiteNet 450 Operation Manual

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029A SN450 User Manual

SN450

FPart Number 45423-00-ENGRevision AOctober 2001SiteNet™ 450Operation ManualSN450.book Page 1 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

Warranty Exclusions and DisclaimerThese warranties shall be applied only in the event and to the extent that: (i) the Products and Software are properly and correctly installed, configured, interfaced, maintained, stored, and operated in accordance with Trimble’s relevant operator's manual and specifications, and; (ii) the Products and Software are not modified or misused. The preceding warranties shall not apply to, and Trimble shall not be responsible for defects or performance problems resulting from (i) the combination or utilization of the Product or Software with products, information, data, systems or devices not made, supplied or specified by Trimble; (ii) the operation of the Product or Software under any specification other than, or in addition to, Trimble's standard specifications for its products; (iii) the unauthorized modification or use of the Product or Software; (iv) damage caused by accident, lightning or other electrical discharge, fresh or salt water immersion or spray; or (v) normal wear and tear on consumable parts (e.g., batteries).THE WARRANTIES ABOVE STATE TRIMBLE'S ENTIRE LIABILITY, AND YOUR EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES, RELATING TO PERFORMANCE OF THE PRODUCTS AND SOFTWARE. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY PROVIDED HEREIN, THE PRODUCTS, SOFTWARE, AND ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION AND MATERIALS ARE PROVIDED “AS-IS” AND WITHOUT EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND BY EITHER TRIMBLE NAVIGATION LIMITED OR ANYONE WHO HAS BEEN INVOLVED IN ITS CREATION, PRODUCTION, INSTALLATION, OR DISTRIBUTION, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, AND NONINFRINGEMENT. THE STATED EXPRESS WARRANTIES ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OBLIGATIONS OR LIABILITIES ON THE PART OF TRIMBLE ARISING OUT OF, OR IN CONNECTION WITH, ANY PRODUCTS OR SOFTWARE. SOME STATES AND JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON DURATION OR THE EXCLUSION OF AN IMPLIED WARRANTY, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.TRIMBLE NAVIGATION LIMITED IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OPERATION OR FAILURE OF OPERATION OF GPS SATELLITES OR THE AVAILABILITY OF GPS SATELLITE SIGNALS.Limitation of LiabilityTRIMBLE’S ENTIRE LIABILITY UNDER ANY PROVISION HEREIN SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE GREATER OF THE AMOUNT PAID BY YOU FOR THE PRODUCT OR SOFTWARE LICENSE OR U.S.$25.00. TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT SHALL TRIMBLE OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHATSOEVER UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCE OR LEGAL THEORY RELATING IN ANY WAY TO THE PRODUCTS, SOFTWARE, AND ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION AND MATERIALS, (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION, OR ANY OTHER PECUNIARY LOSS), REGARDLESS OF WHETHER TRIMBLE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH LOSS AND REGARDLESS OF THE COURSE OF DEALING WHICH DEVELOPS OR HAS DEVELOPED BETWEEN YOU AND TRIMBLE. BECAUSE SOME STATES AND JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. SN450.book Page 3 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

NoticesClass B Statement – Notice to Users. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communication. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:–Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.–Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.–Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.–Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.Changes and modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer or registrant of this equipment can void your authority to operate this equipment under Federal Communications Commission rules.Broadcast frequency, transmit power, channel spacing and antenna gain are regulated by countries-of-use. These are unique on a per-country basis. The broadcast frequencies, channel spacing, and country-of-use for the radio-modem must be specified at time of order. Contact your local Trimble representative for further information. Specifications and descriptions are subject to change without notice.SN450.book Page 4 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual vContentsAbout this Manual1 Getting StartedIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Hardware Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2SiteNet 450 Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Frequency Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Configuring the SiteNet 450Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Connecting to the SiteNet 450 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Starting WinFLASH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Configuring the SiteNet 450 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Frequency List Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Software Updates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Installing the SiteNet 450 NetworkIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Physical Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Connectors and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Mounting the SiteNet 450 on a Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Machine Mount Kit (PN 35087-00) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21SN450.book Page v Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

Contentsvi SiteNet 450 Operation ManualCabling Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Power and I/O Cable for Machine Installations . . . . . . . . . 26Infrastructure/Base Station Power and I/O Cable . . . . . . . . 27Machine Service Cable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Antenna Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Antenna Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Regulations and SafetyIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Type Approval. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39A Technical SpecificationsTechnical Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Pinout Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44B Using Radios with GPSIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Selecting Communications Radios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Useful Field Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50IndexSN450.book Page vi Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual viiAbout this ManualWelcome to the SiteNet 450 Operation Manual. This manual describes how to install, set up, and use the SiteNet™ 450 radio-modem.Even if you have used other radio-modems before, Trimble recommends that you spend some time reading this manual to learn about the special features of this product. If you are not familiar with GPS, visit Trimble’s website (www.trimble.com) for an interactive look at Trimble and GPS.SN450.book Page vii Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

About this Manualviii SiteNet 450 Operation ManualRelated InformationOther sources of related information are:•Release notes – the release notes describe new features of the product, information not included in the manuals, and any changes to the manuals.•Update notes – there is a warranty activation sheet with this product. Send it in to automatically receive update notes containing important information about software and hardware changes. Contact your local Trimble Dealer for more information about the support agreement contracts for software and firmware, and an extended warranty program for hardware.•Look at the Trimble website support page at www.trimble.com/support/ for additional information such as: technical tips, service bulletins, and FAQs. Also, you can download software patches, firmware and utility programs.•Trimble training courses – consider a training course to help you use your GPS system to its fullest potential. For more information, visit the Trimble website at www.trimble.com/support.Technical AssistanceIf you have a problem and cannot find the information you need in the product documentation, contact your local distributor.SN450.book Page viii Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

About this ManualSiteNet 450 Operation Manual ixYour CommentsYour feedback about the supporting documentation helps us to improve it with each revision. To forward your comments, do one of the following:•Send an e-mail to ReaderFeedback@trimble.com.•Complete the Reader Comment Form at the back of this manual and mail it according to the instructions at the bottom of the form. If the reader comment form is not available, send comments and suggestions to the address in the front of this manual. Please mark it Attention: Technical Publications Group. Document ConventionsThe document conventions are as follows:Convention DefinitionItalics Identifies software menus, menu commands, dialog boxes, and the dialog box fields.Helvetica Narrow Represents messages printed on the screen.Helvetica Bold Identifies a software command button, or represents information that you must type in a software screen or window.“Select Italics /Italics” Identifies the sequence of menus, commands, or dialog boxes that you must choose in order to reach a given screen.[Ctrl] Is an example of a hardware function key that you must press on a personal computer (PC). If you must press more than one of these at the same time, this is represented by a plus sign, for example, [Ctrl]+[C].SN450.book Page ix Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

About this Manualx SiteNet 450 Operation ManualSN450.book Page x Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

CHAPTER1Getting Started1In this chapter:■Introduction■Hardware Specification■SiteNet 450 DescriptionSN450.book Page 1 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

1 Getting Started4 SiteNet 450 Operation Manual1.3.3Frequency BandBroadcast frequency, transmit power, channel spacing and antenna gain are regulated by countries-of-use. These are unique on a per-country basis. The broadcast frequencies, channel spacing, and country-of-use for the radio-modem must be specified at time of order. For more information, contact your local Trimble representative.Note – Specifications and descriptions are subject to change without notice.SN450.book Page 4 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

CHAPTER2Configuring the SiteNet 4502In this chapter:■Introduction■Default Settings■ConfigurationSN450.book Page 5 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

2 Configuring the SiteNet 4506 SiteNet 450 Operation Manual2.1IntroductionThe SiteNet 450 radio-modem contains both a data modem and a radio. It can be used in a variety of configurations to form a complete wireless data network. One configuration is as a base radio broadcasting directly to a Trimble 4700™, 4800™, or 5700™ rover GPS receiver that contains an internal radio-modem. Alternatively, an SiteNet 450 can operate as a repeater or as a receiving radio for a machine control system.2.2Default SettingsThe SiteNet 450 serial output ports are configured at the factory with the following settings:•38400 baud•8 data bits, no parity•1 stop bitThe SiteNet 450 is preconfigured as a rover. It retrieves these parameters at power up. They can be changed using the WinFLASH utility.2.3ConfigurationWinFLASH is a utility programme used to configure the SiteNet 450. You need Microsoft Windows 95/98/2000 or Windows NT to run WinFLASH on your PC. For more information about the installation of WinFLASH, read the README.TXT file provided on the WinFLASH CD.SN450.book Page 6 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual 7Configuring the SiteNet 450 22.3.1Connecting to the SiteNet 4501. Connect a SiteNet 450 service cable to the SiteNet 450.2. Connect the I/O DB-9 connector of the service cable to a serial port on your PC.Note – Figure 3.7 on page 28 shows an infrastructure cable (PN 38968-25) connected to the SiteNet 450. Figure 3.10 on page 31 shows the service cable (PN 40942-xx) connected to the SiteNet 450 and a PC. 3. Provide power to the radio through the power lead of the service cable.2.3.2Starting WinFLASH1. To start WinFLASH, click the WinFLASH icon. The WinFLASH main window appears:2. Follow the directions in the WinFLASH window to connect the radio-modem to the PC.SN450.book Page 7 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

2 Configuring the SiteNet 4508 SiteNet 450 Operation ManualNote – WinFLASH is used to configure many different Trimble products. If you have other Trimble products you may have to make a selection in this window. Select the SiteNet 450 Transceiver (v1.04) option.3. Select the appropriate PC serial port (COM port) and click Next. The Operation Selection window appears.SN450.book Page 8 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual 9Configuring the SiteNet 450 24. Select Configure SiteNet 450 and click Next. The WinFLASH-Settings Review window appears:5. Click Finish.A connection status window appears, counts to 100%, and then displays the SiteNet 450 configuration menu.SN450.book Page 9 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

2 Configuring the SiteNet 45010 SiteNet 450 Operation ManualWhen a successful connection is established, the SiteNet 450 Configuration window replaces the WinFLASH window:2.3.3Configuring the SiteNet 450To configure the SiteNet 450:1. Select the appropriate operating Mode depending on intended use, for example Rover.2. Select the Channel Sharing configuration (base modes only, not selectable for a repeater or rover). The options are:–Off: The carrier detect mode is OFF. The SiteNet 450 will ignore other transmissions on your frequency and continue to transmit data.SN450.book Page 10 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual 11Configuring the SiteNet 450 2Note – Channel Sharing set to Off may be illegal in your country-of-use. You may be subject to penalties or fines based upon the specific licensing requirements for your country-of-use. Please consult your radio license documentation or licensing agency for operational guidelines.–Avoid Weak Signals: The carrier detect mode is ON. The radio ceases to transmit if it detects another radio transmission on its frequency. It resumes transmission when the channel is free of radio traffic.–Avoid Strong Signals: The carrier detect mode is ON, but the radio stops transmitting only when there is a strong signal present. (Receive level > –90 dBm.)3. Select the Enable Station ID check box and enter your Call Sign. This is a Federal Communications Commission requirement for U.S. licensed users. It sets your radio to transmit your Call Sign every 15 minutes in Morse Code. 4. In the Data Port field, set the Baud Rate and Parity. These are the communications parameters between the receiver and radio.Note – The default GPS port parameters for the SiteNet 450 are 38400 baud rate with parity none.5. In the Wireless Settings field, select the appropriate Current Channel option. This field determines the radio operating frequency.6. Select the Wireless Mode setting. This setting determines the over-the-air communications parameters.Note – These settings must be the same for all radios in the same network.SN450.book Page 11 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

2 Configuring the SiteNet 45012 SiteNet 450 Operation Manual7. To update the configuration, click Set. The Connecting to SiteNet 450 dialog appears:8. You can return to the main menu, or exit WinFLASH.BTip – Setting the wireless mode to the highest possible setting reduces battery consumption on your base or repeater. For example, 9600 bps consumes half the power of 4800 bps for the same data format and time of operation.SN450.book Page 12 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual 13Configuring the SiteNet 450 29. Click Radio Info to view a text listing of all radio information, including its current configuration:BTip – You can print or save to file the radio configuration information for future reference or e-mail to your support provider to help with troubleshooting radio problems.2.3.4Frequency List UpdatesThe SiteNet 450 can be programmed with a list of up to 20 frequencies, stored in nonvolatile memory. This list is preconfigured based on the frequencies requested when the SiteNet 450 was ordered. Governmental regulations require that only manufacturers or authorized dealers can create this frequency list. All frequencies programmed into a SiteNet 450 must comply with the host country regulations.SN450.book Page 13 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

2 Configuring the SiteNet 45014 SiteNet 450 Operation ManualWhen you need to change the frequency list (add, delete, or replace frequencies), contact your Trimble dealer and provide the radio-modem’s serial number and an updated list of the frequencies you require. Once you are provided with the frequency file, you may upgrade the radio using the WinFLASH utility.2.3.5Software UpdatesSiteNet 450 software upgrades are available at the Trimble World Wide Web (www.trimble.com). Use the WinFLASH utility to upgrade the SiteNet 450 software.SN450.book Page 14 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

CHAPTER3Installing the SiteNet 450 Network3In this chapter:■Introduction■Physical Description■Mounting the SiteNet 450 on a Machine■Cabling Configurations■Antenna DescriptionSN450.book Page 15 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

3 Installing the SiteNet 450 Network16 SiteNet 450 Operation Manual3.1IntroductionBefore setting up the equipment in the field, verify that each radio-modem is set to the same channel and wireless data rate. Also verify that the radio-modem’s Data Port settings are 38400 and parity none. Set the serial port settings for both base and rover GPS receivers to 38400 bps, 8 bits, parity none, and 1 stop bit. For more information about general GPS receiver setup information, refer to the GPS receiver manual. If these settings are not available, use the WinFLASH utility to set the radio-modem’s serial port settings to those of the GPS receiver.Note – High-power signals from a nearby high-power radio station or radar transmitter can overwhelm the radio-modem circuits. This does not harm the instruments, but can prevent them from functioning correctly. To avoid problems, try not to use the radio-modems within 400 meters (1300 feet) of powerful radar, television, or other transmitters. Low-power transmitters such as those in portable phones and walkie-talkies normally do not interfere with SiteNet 450 radio-modem operations unless they are tuned to the same channel. Always monitor frequency before and during operation. Transmit only on a clear channel.Also, to avoid possible interference with GPS reception, keep the base radio-modem antenna as far as possible from the GPS antenna. A minimum of 3 meters (10 feet) is recommended.For more information about the precautions when using certain frequencies that can interfere with GPS operation, refer to Selecting Communications Radios, page 47. This is a copy of Trimble’s publication Using Radio Communication systems with GPS Surveying Receivers (PN 1-612-0082-2/94).Installation as a RepeaterTo achieve coverage to all points in a survey area, a SiteNet 450 network may include up to two repeaters under certain conditions. The repeaters retransmit data packets in a way that avoids interference SN450.book Page 16 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual 17Installing the SiteNet 450 Network 3with the base and each other. The operation of the repeaters is transparent to the rovers. The rover will use the data packets from the base or repeater, whichever it receives first.The option to include a repeater in a network depends on the selected wireless data rate and the broadcast information content. Table 3.1 illustrates when a repeater may be used in a network for various wireless data rates, RTK formats, and RTK epoch rate. 3.2Physical DescriptionThe SiteNet 450 radio-modem is encased in a rugged, waterproof metal case. It has an antenna mount on the top cap, and a connector and LED on the bottom cap. The physical aspects of SiteNet 450 hardware are outlined below, followed by details covering interface connections and antenna installations. Table 3.1 Repeater use in networksWireless data rate (bps) DGPS CMRat 1 Hz RTCM 2.x at 1 Hz4800 1 1 09600 2 2 12 - Two repeaters may be used1 - One repeater may be used0 - No repeaters may be usedSN450.book Page 17 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

3 Installing the SiteNet 450 Network18 SiteNet 450 Operation Manual3.2.1Connectors and IndicatorsThe SiteNet 450 bottom cap is fitted with an 8-pin male Bendix connector and an LED indicator light. See Figure 3.1.Figure 3.1 SiteNet 450 bottom capPower I/O connector (8-pin male Bendix)Data/Powerindicator LEDSN450.book Page 18 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

3 Installing the SiteNet 450 Network20 SiteNet 450 Operation ManualFigure 3.2 SiteNet 450 top capContact tip AntennamountSN450.book Page 20 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual 21Installing the SiteNet 450 Network 33.3Mounting the SiteNet 450 on a MachineWhen mounting the SiteNet 450 on a machine consider the following:–Reduce damage by minimizing shock and vibration to the SiteNet 450: Mount the radio-modem on a solid part of the cab.–Locate the best antenna position: Mount the entire antenna above the roofline so that it has an uninterrupted view. This improves the performance of the SiteNet 450.–Prevent signal interference: Position the antenna away from other antennas (particularly if the other antenna is a two-way radio), rotating beacons and strobe lights.Figure 3.4 shows a typical installation.3.3.1Machine Mount Kit (PN 35087-00)The machine mounting kit for the SiteNet 450 comprises:•Radio mount bracket (upper)•Radio mount bracket (lower)•Machine mount adapter plate (with U-bolts)•Rubber shock mount kitSN450.book Page 21 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

3 Installing the SiteNet 450 Network22 SiteNet 450 Operation ManualFigure 3.3 shows the SiteNet 450 mounting kit and how the parts fit together.Figure 3.3 SiteNet 450 mounting kitMounting the SiteNet 450To mount the SiteNet 450 onto a machine:1. Bolt the SiteNet 450 into the radio mounting bracket (upper and lower brackets).Ensure that the radio mounting screws are all fitted with washers and lock washers.Radio mountingbracket (upper)PN 41530Radio mountingbracket (lower)PN 41529Adapter platePN 71105-00SN450.book Page 22 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual 23Installing the SiteNet 450 Network 32. Securely mount the adapter plate to the machine. Do one of the following:–Use existing weld bosses (see Figure 3.4)–Weld some weld bosses to the cab–Clamp the plate to the top of a handrail at the top of the cab using the U-bolts3. Bolt the radio mounting bracket to the adapter plate using the rubber shock mount kit. The bolts are included with the adapter plate.BTip – Use threadlocking Loctite (PN 33803) or equivalent to secure the bolts when you assemble the shock mounts.Figure 3.4 shows a SiteNet 450 mounted at the rear of a cab roof. Notice how this installation ensures that all of the antenna is above the cab’s roof.****NEW PHOTO FROM Joan Hollerich GOES HERE********THIS ONE SHOWS A 900*******SN450.book Page 23 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

3 Installing the SiteNet 450 Network24 SiteNet 450 Operation ManualFigure 3.4 SiteNet 450 mounted at the rear of a cab roofSN450.book Page 24 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual 25Installing the SiteNet 450 Network 33.4Cabling ConfigurationsThe SiteNet 450 is typically configured as a rover, but the cables and adapters necessary for other configurations are also available. Table 3.3 summarizes the cabling items available or provided with the SiteNet 450 unit or available accessories. Table 3.3 SiteNet 450 cabling and power accessoriesItem Part numberPower and I/O cable for machine installations, 5 m (17 ft) 8-pin female Bendix connector on each end 32942-17Infrastructure/Base Station power and I/O cable, 7.5 m (25 ft) 8-pin female Bendix, with Y-split to TA-3 power connector, DBF-9, plus 12-pin Conxall38968-25Machine service cable (21-pin female Bendix, with Y-split to bare power leads and dual DBF-9 connector) 36938DC power adapter cable with TA-3 connector and battery clips 44087-00SiteNet Base Station/Configuration cable, 30 m (99 ft) 40942-99SN450.book Page 25 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

3 Installing the SiteNet 450 Network26 SiteNet 450 Operation Manual3.4.1Power and I/O Cable for Machine InstallationsThe cable shown in Figure 3.5 connects the SiteNet 450 to either the MS850™ or the MS860™ GPS receiver on the machine. The GPS receiver outputs power to the SiteNet 450 through this cable.The straight connector attaches to the bottom cap of the SiteNet 450, and the angled connector attaches to the 8-pin Bendix connector of the GPS receiver.Figure 3.5 Power and I/O cable (PN 32942-17)SN450.book Page 26 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual 27Installing the SiteNet 450 Network 33.4.2Infrastructure/Base Station Power and I/O CableThe cable shown in Figure 3.6 is used for base station and repeater installations of SiteNet 450s. Cables come in the lengths shown in Table 3.4.Table 3.4 Available cable lengthsNote – Nearly all installations of infrastructure radios will require either a 7.5 m (25 ft) or a 30 m (99 ft) length.Seal unused connectors by covering them with plastic tape.Figure 3.6 Radio power and I/O cable (PN 38968-25)Part number Cable length38968-25 7.5 m (25 ft)40942-03 1 m (3 ft)40942-40 12 m (40 ft)40942-99 30 m (99 ft)8-pin Bendix to SiteNet 450DB-9 to PC for dataor configurationConxall toMS750TA-3 powerSN450.book Page 27 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

3 Installing the SiteNet 450 Network28 SiteNet 450 Operation ManualThe 7.5 m (25 ft) infrastructure cable (PN 38968-25) connects directly to the SiteNet 450. The 12-pin Conxall connector connects directly to the MS750™ GPS receiver with a split to power via a TA-3 connector. This cable also splits to a DBF-9, which can be used to configure the SiteNet 450.When you install this cable with a MS750 base station, the complete cabling configuration looks similar to that shown in Figure 3.7.Figure 3.7 MS750 base station using cable PN 38968-25SiteNet 450 DB-9Connect toPC for radioconfigurationMS750 17515-xxGPS antennaAC power adapterwith TA-3 connector38483DC poweroption44087-008-pinBendixPort BPort AN typeTA-3TA-3TA-338968-25SN450.book Page 28 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual 29Installing the SiteNet 450 Network 3The 30 m (99 ft) infrastructure cable (PN 40942-99) connects directly to the SiteNet 450 and splits out to power via a TA-3 connector and communications via dual female DB-9 connectors. The DB-9 connectors can connect to a GPS receiver and to a PC at the same time. This is particularly useful for troubleshooting. This cable requires its own power for the radio. It has no Conxall connector for the MS750 GPS receiver. You can connect it to the MS750 with the hammerhead connector B1/B2 cable PN 37382 that comes with the base (reference) station kit. The cable has a TA-3 connector for power to the radio only. The MS750 must be powered separately with the cables provided in the base station. See Figure 3.8.Figure 3.8 Service cable assembly (PN 40942-03, -40, -99)The 1 m (3 ft) cable (PN 40942-03) is designed for use with a survey backpack.1-shell 5-pinLemo powerDB-9 GPSDB-9 I/O 8-pin BendixTo SiteNet 450To PC fordata orconfigurationTo cablePN 37382 SN450.book Page 29 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

3 Installing the SiteNet 450 Network30 SiteNet 450 Operation ManualWhen you install cable 40942-xx with a MS750 base station, the complete cabling configuration looks similar to that shown in Figure 3.9.Figure 3.9 MS750 base station using cable PN 40942-xx38483AC power adapter withTA-3 connector40942-xxSiteNet 4508-pinDB-930945MS750 17515-xxGPS antennaDataB2 DataA1/B1Port APort BDB-9 I/ODC poweroption44087-00BendixN-type37382DB-9 GPSTA-3TA-3 TA -3SN450.book Page 30 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual 31Installing the SiteNet 450 Network 33.4.3Machine Service CableFigure 3.10 shows cable 40942-xx when used to configure SiteNet 450 radios with a laptop.Figure 3.10 Machine service cable (PN 40942-xx)SiteNet 450Cable40942-40 (= 12 m or 40 ft)40942-99 (= 30 m or 99 ft)44086-008-pinBendixDB-9 GPSDB-9 I/O1 shell5-pin LemoDB-9 GPSDB-9 I/OSN450.book Page 31 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual 33Installing the SiteNet 450 Network 33.5.1Antenna ConsiderationsNote – Please use care when removing the radio antenna. The SiteNet 450 antenna contact tip is designed for maximum efficiency and very low loss. To maintain its integrity, do not remove the top cap from the radio housing.Make sure that you mount the base and repeater radios as high as possible. An increase in the antenna height increases your line of sight and is the most effective way to increase the radio’s range. Consult your license for the legal limits on antenna height.Line-of-Sight ObstructionObjects placed near the antennas, especially metal objects, can severely limit antenna efficiency. If an antenna is to be mounted on a mast, make sure it is mounted so that its radiating element is completely above the top of any obstructing source, if possible.Figure 3.12 shows the optional infrastructure antenna mounting for the SiteNet 450.SN450.book Page 33 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

3 Installing the SiteNet 450 Network34 SiteNet 450 Operation ManualFigure 3.12 Infrastructure antenna mountingAntenna LengthThe UHF whip antenna shipped with your system is factory tuned to operate in the band you specified with your order (for example, 450–470 MHz). To ensure that your antenna is the correct length for your frequency band, refer to Figure 3.13.Top capO-ringFlexibleantennabase5 dB tipMake sure that you fit the O-ringsthat are providedO-ringSN450.book Page 34 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual 35Installing the SiteNet 450 Network 3Figure 3.13 Standard UHF Omnidirectional AntennasSN450.book Page 35 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

3 Installing the SiteNet 450 Network36 SiteNet 450 Operation ManualSN450.book Page 36 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

CHAPTER4Regulations and Safety4In this chapter:■Introduction■Type Approval■Licensing■SafetySN450.book Page 37 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

4 Regulations and Safety38 SiteNet 450 Operation Manual4.1IntroductionRegulations regarding the use of the radio-modems vary greatly from country to country. In some countries, the unit can be used without obtaining an end-user license. Other countries require end-user licensing. Consult your local communications governing agency for licensing information.Before operating a SiteNet 450 radio-modem, determine if authorization or a license to operate the unit is required in your country. It is the responsibility of the end user to obtain an operator’s permit or license for the SiteNet 450 radio-modem for the location or country of use.Note – This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the condition that this device does not cause harmful interference.4.2Type ApprovalCWarning – Changes or modifications to this equipment not approved in writing by Trimble Navigation Limited voids your authority to operate the equipment.Type approval, or acceptance, covers technical parameters of the equipment related to emissions that can cause interference. Type approval is granted to the manufacturer of the transmission equipment, independent from the operation or licensing of the units. Some countries have unique technical requirements for operation in particular radio-modem frequency bands. To comply with those requirements, Trimble may have modified your equipment to be granted Type approval. Unauthorized modification of the units voids the Type approval, the warranty, and the operational license of the equipment.SN450.book Page 38 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual 39Regulations and Safety 44.3LicensingMany countries require that the operator of a radio or radio-modem obtain a license prior to operating it. Consult your local communications governing agency for licensing information. Obtaining an operator’s permit or license for the SiteNet 450 for the location or country of use is the responsibility of the end user.Before operating this radio-modem, you are legally required to obtain frequency licenses as required by the country of use. Please contact your local communications governing agency for the licensing requirements for each of these radio-modems.4.4SafetyExposure to RF energy is an important safety consideration. The FCC has adopted a safety standard for human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC-regulated equipment as a result of its actions in General Docket 79-144 on March 13, 1986. Proper use of this radio-modem results in exposure below government limits. The following precautions are recommended:•Do not operate the transmitter when someone is within 0.6 meter (2 ft) of the antenna.•Do not operate the transmitter unless all RF connectors are secure and any open connectors are properly terminated.•Do not operate the equipment near electrical blasting caps or in an explosive atmosphere.•All equipment must be properly grounded according to Trimble installation instructions for safe operation.•All equipment should be serviced only by a qualified technician.SN450.book Page 39 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

4 Regulations and Safety40 SiteNet 450 Operation ManualSN450.book Page 40 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

APPENDIXATechnical SpecificationsAIn this appendix:■Technical information■Pinout informationSN450.book Page 41 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

A Technical Specifications42 SiteNet 450 Operation ManualA.1 Technical InformationThe table shows the technical information for the SiteNet 450 radio-modem. This information is subject to change without notice.Table A.1 Technical informationSpecificationPhysical:SizeWeight85 mm (3.4") W x 270 mm (10.5") H plus antenna height0.9 kg (2.0 lb)Environmental:Operating temperatureStorage temperatureHumidityVibration–40° to +65°C–40° to +85°CExceeds MIL-STD-810E (aggravated cyclic humidity), sealed to ±34.5 kPa (±5 psi), immersible to 1 m8gRMS, 20–2000 Hz random vibrationShock:OperationalSurvival ±40 g, 10 msec±75 g, 6 msecElectricalPower consumption:NominalTransmitProtectionInput range250 mA (3W)11000 mA (12 W)1Reverse polarity10.5 VDC to 20 VDC unconditionedSN450.book Page 42 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual 43Technical Specifications A1 Power consumption, as well as the permissible number of repeaters in a network, depends on the selected wireless data rate and the broadcast information content and rate (that is, CMR vs. RTCM SC-104 Ver. 2.1 packets at 1 Hz). The 9600 bps wireless data rate is not available for units with 12.5 kHz channel spacing.2 Broadcast frequency, transmit power, channel spacing, and antenna gain are regulated by countries-of-use. These are unique on a per-country basis. The broadcast frequencies, channel spacing, and country-of-use for the radio-modem must be specified at time of order. Contact you local Trimble representative for more information.Connector:TypeProvidesIndicators8-pin male BendixPower, 2 serial ports, CAN interfacePower and data LEDRadio-modem performanceRange:OptimalTypical 10 km (6 miles), line-of-sight3–5km (2–3 miles)Varies with terrain and operating conditions. A repeater may be used to extend the range.Radio link:Frequency rangeChannel spacingTransmit powerChannelsWireless data ratesModesSingle 10 MHz band per unit430–440 MHz, 440–450 MHz,450–460 MHz, or 460–470 MHz12.5 kHz or 25 kHz (only 440–450 MHz is available in 12.5 kHz at this time)0.5 WUp to 20 (factory pre-set)212.5 kHz channel, 4800, 8000 bps25 kHz channel, 4800, 8000, 9600 bpsBase/Repeater/RoverTable A.1 Technical information (continued)SpecificationSN450.book Page 43 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

A Technical Specifications44 SiteNet 450 Operation ManualA.2 Pinout InformationFigure A.1 shows the pinout information for the 8-pin male Bendix connector on the base of the SiteNet 450 radio-modem.Figure A.1 SiteNet 450 connector (8-pin Mil-Spec)Pin FunctionA Power to radioBGNDC RS-232 TXD2D RS-232 RXD2Pin FunctionECAN HiF RS-232 TXD3G RS-232 RXD3HCAN LoABCDEFGHSN450.book Page 44 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

APPENDIXBUsing Radios with GPSBIn this appendix:■Introduction■Selecting Communications Radios■Useful Field Procedures■SummarySN450.book Page 45 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

B Using Radios with GPS46 SiteNet 450 Operation ManualB.1 IntroductionNote – For more information, refer to the Trimble publication “Using Radio Communication Systems with GPS Surveying Receivers” (PN 1-612-0082-2/94).“GPS receiver, antenna, tripod, tribrach, tape, cones, flagging, radio...”, such is the checklist of most GPS surveyors preparing for a day of observations. But a truly successful survey is not just a matter of making sure that you have all of the equipment; you must also ensure that you optimize the usage of these new tools for the highest productivity.The GPS receiver is trying to measure very faint radio signals from satellites orbiting at 22,000 kilometers in space. There are many factors that can hinder the receiver’s ability to perform. For example, placing your hand over the antenna or setting up the antenna under a tree are factors that have already proven to interfere with GPS signal reception.As GPS receivers developed, their processors have become more sensitive to incoming data flow. This provides an increase in accuracy by extracting more information out of the GPS radio signal. But with this gain in accuracy, there is an increased susceptibility to other radio signals. The receiver is now more sensitive to the incoming GPS signal, and consequently it is also more sensitive to other incoming radio signals. This means that communications radios, such as those commonly used by surveyors, can sometimes create difficulty with the GPS signal reception.There are some very simple steps you can follow to remove the effects of radio interference on the GPS receiver. First, you should be aware of the type of communications equipment you buy and understand its characteristics. Secondly, a little care in using communications radios can greatly decrease your chances of experiencing any interference with satellite tracking.SN450.book Page 46 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual 47Using Radios with GPS BB.2 Selecting Communications RadiosIf you do not already have communications radios, and are thinking of buying them to supplement your survey activities, there are a number of factors to keep in mind before purchasing: •Some frequencies can cause interruptions of GPS tracking.•Some communications equipment creates spurious signals not related to their frequency that can interfere with satellite tracking.•Powerful communications transmitters can create such a strong radio signal that the GPS signal cannot be identified. Most communication transmitters emit overtones of their assigned frequency. If these overtones line up with the GPS frequency, they can filter into the GPS equipment and interfere with the satellite tracking. Some communication transmitters emit more of these overtones than others. But the number of overtones can be difficult to determine and it is not the most important factor when considering this nuisance parameter. To avoid being effected by transmitter overtones, avoid those frequencies that lie within the GPS frequency range.SN450.book Page 47 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

B Using Radios with GPS48 SiteNet 450 Operation ManualTable B.1 shows frequency bands that you should avoid when using GPS surveying receivers.Table B.1 RF bands to avoidFrom this frequency To this frequency781.210 794.210607.300 620.300520.806 529.473404.866 413.533390.605 397.105312.484 317.684303.650 310.150260.403 264.736242.920 248.120223.202 226.917202.433 206.766195.302 198.552173.602 177.228156.242 158.842151.825 155.075142.038 144.401134.955 137.844130.201 132.368120.186 124.060110.418 113.458SN450.book Page 48 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual 49Using Radios with GPS BSome communication transmitters and receivers also emit spurious signals. These are extremely difficult to predict. The only way to know if your receiver is being effected by spuriously emitted signals is to test the communication equipment with the GPS receiver. If you plan to buy a new radio, test it with your existing GPS equipment to determine if any problems exist.Communications equipment that uses more power is more likely to create signals from which the GPS signal cannot be extracted. This typically occurs from signals emitted from the radio transmitter box and not its antenna. Non-GPS signals enter the GPS system through the GPS antenna and not through the receiver. Therefore, most of the effects of non-GPS signals can be minimized by physically separating your radio and GPS equipment.B.3 Useful Field ProceduresThere are a few useful field procedures you can follow to minimize the effects of your radio. Since most of the radio signal in the GPS band is emitted directly from the radio transmitter box and received via the GPS antenna, make sure the GPS antenna is separated from the radio transmitter by 2-3 meters (7-10 feet). If you are still experiencing difficulties at this distance, the GPS signal may be getting overpowered by the radio transmissions. In this case, you can either separate the equipment even more or shield the radio transmitter.As you move farther away from the source of the transmission, radio signal strength drops as a square of the distance. Therefore, if there is a problem, separate the GPS antenna and radio even more to lessen the strength of the radio signal received at the GPS antenna.If you are using a geodetic antenna, you can use the antenna’s ground plane to shield the radio waves. In fact, you can shield the antenna from the radio signal by moving behind nearby objects such as a car or tree. If you cannot move away from the GPS antenna, move the radio below the level of the GPS antenna ground plane. This is not ideal, but may help in those cases where you are left with no alternative.SN450.book Page 49 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

B Using Radios with GPS50 SiteNet 450 Operation ManualB.4 SummaryUsing communications radios with GPS receivers requires some special considerations. By striving to extract the utmost accuracy from the GPS system, receiver designs have made greater use of the radio spectrum. However, the methods used to increase performance and accuracy also make GPS receivers more susceptible to receiving other radio signals.Radio signals in the GPS band arise from a few different sources. Some radio transmitters produce overtones of their frequency, which lie within the GPS P-code frequency range. Others create random, spurious signals, which affect GPS signal reception. Still other radio systems use high power levels to boost communication range and create noise that limits the GPS signal tracking. These are all characteristics to avoid when purchasing or using communications equipment in conjunction with GPS.Before using radios on a full-fledged survey job, it is a good idea to test the communications equipment to determine if it effects the GPS signal reception in any way. Testing radios with the GPS equipment is especially important if you are considering purchasing new radios. Make sure to always:•choose the communication frequency of your radios carefully so they do not transmit on or create harmonics in the frequency range of GPS.•test them with your GPS receivers.•if problems arise, put some distance between the radio transmitter case and the GPS antenna. Also, shielding the radio transmitter should minimize the effects of radio signals on the GPS signal reception.Radio signal strength drops as a function of distance. The greater the separation between the GPS antenna and the radio transmitter, the less likely you are to experience interruptions in satellite tracking.SN450.book Page 50 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

SiteNet 450 Operation Manual 51IndexNumerics8-pin Bendix connector 44Aantennacontact tip 19description of 32location of 17, 34Bbase station, installations 27base/repeater 6Ccablesconfigurations available 25infrastructure power 27machine installations 26machine service 7, 31SiteNet 450 configurations 25troubleshooting for 29cap bottom 44top 19, 33CMR, format 2communications radios 47connectors and indicators 18, 43Bendix 25, 44infrastructure cable 29pinout 44power and I/O cable 26Ddata modem 6data, raw GPS 2Eelectrical specification 42environmental specification 42Ffield procedures 49frequencyband 4bands to avoid 48range 43Ggreen LED 19SN450.book Page 51 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

Index52 SiteNet 450 Operation ManualHhardware, performance 2humidity, specification 42Iindicator, LED 19installing. See mounting the SiteNet 450LLED indicator light 19licensing 39Mmachine mounting 21, 22modem, description 17mounting the SiteNet 450antenna, considerations 33machine 21, 22Ooperating temperature 42orange LED 19Pperformance, specification 43power 19accessories 25cables 26consumption 42I/O cable 26infrastructure/base station 27requirements 2Rradios, communications 47range, specification 43regulations 37release notes viiiRF energy 39Ssafety 37setup 6shock, specification 42SiteNet 450additional options to 3base/repeater configuration 6connecting to 7features of 3options of 3size 42specifications, technical 42storage temperature 42SN450.book Page 52 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

IndexSiteNet 450 Operation Manual 53Ttechnical information 42temperatureoperating range 42storage range 42TRIMCOMM 900 radio 2troubleshooting 29type approval 38Vvibration, specification 42Wweight 42SN450.book Page 53 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

Index54 SiteNet 450 Operation ManualSN450.book Page 54 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

Reader Comment FormSiteNet 450 Operation Manual October 2001PN 45423-00-ENG Revision AWe appreciate your comments and suggestions for improving this publication. Which Trimble product do you use? _____________________________________________What do you use your Trimble product for? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Please circle a response for each of the statements below:Please answer the following questions:Which sections do you use the most? ____________________________________________What do you like best about the manual? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What do you like least about the manual? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Optional:Name _____________________________________________________________________Company __________________________________________________________________Address______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Telephone ____________________________Fax____________________________________Please mail to the local office listed on the back cover or to Trimble Navigation Limited, Engineering and Construction, 5475 Kellenburger Road, Dayton, Ohio 45424-1099, U.S.A. Alternatively, e-mail your comments and suggestions to ReaderFeedback@trimble.com. All comments and suggestions become the property of Trimble Navigation Limited.1 = strongly agree 2 = agree 3 = neutral 4 = disagree 5 = strongly disagreeThe manual is well organized. 1 2 3 4 5I can find the information I want. 1 2 3 4 5The information in the manual is accurate. 1 2 3 4 5I can easily understand the instructions. 1 2 3 4 5The manual contains enough examples. 1 2 3 4 5The examples are appropriate and helpful. 1 2 3 4 5The layout and format are attractive and useful. 1 2 3 4 5The illustrations are clear and helpful. 1 2 3 4 5The manual is: too long just right too shortSN450.book Page 55 Friday, October 5, 2001 5:01 PM

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