Trimble 9091191 GNSS Receiver+900 MHz+Wi-Fi+Bluetooth User Manual Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide

Trimble Navigation Ltd GNSS Receiver+900 MHz+Wi-Fi+Bluetooth Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide

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9091191 User Manual

Users Manual

Version 1.00Revision BOctober 2014USER GUIDETrimble R10 GNSS receiver1

FCC Declaration of ConformityWe, Trimble Navigation Limited.935 Stewart DrivePO Box 3642Sunnyvale, CA 94088-3642United States+1-408-481-8000Declare under sole responsibility that DoC products comply with Part 15 of FCC Rules.Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and(2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operationUnlicensed radios in productsThis device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules.Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and(2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.Licensed radios in productsThis device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules.Operation is subject to the condition that this device may not cause harmful interference. Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 3

Safety InformationBefore you use your Trimble product, make sure that you have read and understood all safety requirements.WARNING – This alert warns of a potential hazard which, if not avoided, could result in severe injury or even death.CAUTION – This alert warns of a potential hazard or unsafe practice that could result in minor injury or property damage or irretrievable data loss.Note – An absence of specific alerts does not mean that there are no safety risks involved.Use and careThis product is designed to withstand the rough treatment and tough environment that typically occurs in construction applications. However, the receiver is a high-precision electronic instrument and should be treated with reasonable care.CAUTION – Operating or storing the receiver outside the specified temperature range can damage it.Exposure to radio frequency radiationFor 450 MHz radioSafety. Exposure to RF energy is an important safety consideration. The FCC has adopted a safety standard for human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC regulated equipment as a result of its actions in General Docket 79-144 on March 13, 1986.Proper use of this radio modem results in exposure below government limits. The following precautions are recommended: lDO NOT operate the transmitter when someone is within the following distances of the antenna: l lBluetooth, Wi-Fi, GSM/UTMS – less than 20 cm (7.9 inches) l410-470 MHz UHF radio – less than 35 cm (13.8 inches) lDO NOT operate the transmitter unless all RF connectors are secure and any open connectors are properly terminated. lDO NOT operate the equipment near electrical blasting caps or in an explosive atmosphere.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 4

Safety Information lAll equipment must be properly grounded according to Trimble installation instructions for safe operation. lAll equipment should be serviced only by a qualified technician.For internal wireless radio transmittersThe radiated output power of the internal Bluetooth wireless radio and the Wi-Fi radio included in some Trimble receivers is far below the FCC radio frequency exposure limits. Nevertheless, the wireless radio(s) shall be used in such a manner that the Trimble receiver is 20 cm or further from the human body. The internal wireless radio(s) operate within guidelines found in radio frequency safety standards and recommendations, which reflect the consensus of the scientific community. Trimble therefore believes that the internal wireless radio(s) are safe for use by consumers. The level of energy emitted is far less than the electromagnetic energy emitted by wireless devices such as mobile phones. However, the use of wireless radios may be restricted in some situations or environments, such as on aircraft. If you are unsure of restrictions, you are encouraged to ask for authorization before turning on the wireless radio.Exposure to radio frequency radiation from cellular wireless transmittersTrimble receivers equipped with wireless cellular modem radios have been designed and manufactured to meet safety requirements for limiting exposure to radio waves. When used in accordance with the instructions set forth in this manual, the equipment has been independently verified to not exceed the emission limits for safe exposure to radio frequency (RF) energy as specified by the Federal Communications Commission of the U.S. Government in 47 CFR §2.1093. These limits are part of comprehensive guidelines and establish permitted levels of RF energy for the general population. The guidelines are based on standards that were developed by independent scientific organization through periodic and thorough evaluation of scientific studies. The standards include a substantial safety margin designed to assure the safety of all persons, regardless of age and health.For UMTS radioSafety. Exposure to RF energy is an important safety consideration. The FCC has adopted a safety standard for human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC regulated equipment as a result of its actions in General Docket 79-144 on March 13, 1986.Proper use of this radio modem results in exposure below government limits. The following precautions are recommended: lDO NOT operate the transmitter when someone is within 20 cm (7.9 inches) of the antenna. lAll equipment should be serviced only by a qualified technician.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 5

Safety InformationInstalling antennasCAUTION – For your own safety, and in terms of the RF exposure requirements of the FCC, always observe these precautions:– Always maintain a minimum separation distance of 20 cm (7.9 inches) between yourself and the radiating antenna.– Do not co-locate the antenna with any other transmitting device.WARNING – The GNSS antenna and its cabling should be installed in accordance with all national and local electrical codes, regulations, and practices. The antenna and cabling should be installed where they will not become energized as a result of falling nearby power lines, nor be mounted where they are subjected to over-voltage transients, particularly lightning. Such installations require additional protective means that are detailed in national and local electrical codes.Trimble receiver internal radios have been designed to operate with the antennas listed below. Antennas not included in this list are strictly prohibited for use with this device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms.The antennas that can be used (country dependent) with the: l450 MHz radio are 0 dBi and 5 dBi whip antennasTo reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen so that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that permitted for successful communication.Type approvalType approval, or acceptance, covers technical parameters of the equipment related to emissions that can cause interference. Type approval is granted to the manufacturer of the transmission equipment, independent from the operation or licensing of the units. Some countries have unique technical requirements for operation in particular radio-modem frequency bands. To comply with those requirements, Trimble may have modified your equipment to be granted type approval.Unauthorized modification of the units voids the type approval, the warranty, and the operational license of the equipment.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 6

Contents Safety Information 4Use and care 4Exposure to radio frequency radiation 4For 450 MHz radio 4For internal wireless radio transmitters 5Exposure to radio frequency radiation from cellular wireless transmitters 5For UMTS radio 5Installing antennas 6Type approval 61 Getting Started 10The Trimble R10 GNSS receiver 11Features 12Parts of the receiver 13Front panel 13Lower housing 13Receiver ports 14Batteries 16Battery safety 16Connecting the receiver to a vehicle battery 16Wet locations 17Charging the Lithium-ion battery 17Battery charger 17Storing the Lithium-ion battery 21Disposing of the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery 21Inserting the battery and SIM card 21Accessories 22Attaching the quick release adapter 22Height measurement methods 23Base station extension with measurement lever 24Button and LED operations 26LED flash patterns 29Connecting to an office computer 30Connecting to a USB flash memory stick 31Configuring a PC USB port as a virtual serial port 32Windows 7 Professional operating system 32Windows Vista and Windows 7 operating system 32Windows XP operating system 32Logging data 33Logging data after a power loss 33Default receiver settings 34Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 7

Contents2 Base Station Operation 35Base station operation guidelines 36Base station components 36Base station setup guidelines 37Common ways to set up a base station 39Tripod and tribrach setup 39Fixed height tripod setup 40Using a remote radio antenna with the receiver 41Using an external radio with the receiver 43Outputting corrections using a TDL450/HPB450 radio-modem 433 Rover Setup and Operation 44Rover operation guidelines 45Surepoint (integrated tilt sensor) 47Calibrating the integrated tilt sensor 47Integrated cellular modem 51Connecting the receiver to external devices 52Connecting to a Trimble controller running Trimble Access software 52Internal radio-modems 52External radio-modems 52Configuring the receiver 54Configuring the receiver using the Web User Interface (Web UI) 54Configuring the receiver in real time 59Configuring the receiver using application files 60Configuring the receiver to use specific settings when it is turned on 63Transferring files directly from the receiver 63Deleting files in the receiver 634 The WinFlash Utility 64The WinFlash utility 65Installing the WinFlash utility 65Upgrading the receiver firmware 65To upgrade the firmware using WinFlash 66Configuring the internal transceiver 68Updating the frequency list 69Configuring a PC USB port as a virtual serial port 70Windows 7 Professional operating system 70Windows Vista and Windows 7 operating system 70Windows XP operating system 705 Troubleshooting 72Troubleshooting receiver issues 73Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 8

ContentsTroubleshooting LED conditions 74Troubleshooting base station setup and static measurement problems 756 Output Messages 76NMEA-0183 messages: Overview 77NMEA-0183 messages: Common message elements 79Message values 79GSOF Messages: Overview 80GSOF messages: General Serial Output Format 81GSOF messages: Reading binary values (Motorola format) 83Login authentication 857 Specifications 86Specifications 87Measurements 87Positioning performance 87Hardware 89Antenna phase center offsets 92Pinout information 93 Glossary 94Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 9

1 Getting StartedIn this chapter: nThe Trimble R10 GNSS receiver nFeatures nParts of the receiver nBatteries nInserting the battery and SIM card nAccessories nButton and LED operations nLED flash patterns nConnecting to an office computer nConnecting to a USB flash memory stick nConfiguring a PC USB port as a virtual serial port nConfiguring the receiver nLogging data nDefault receiver settings Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 101CHAPTER

The Trimble R10 GNSS receiverThe Trimble R10 GNSS receiver incorporates a GNSS antenna, receiver, internal radio, and battery in a rugged light-weight unit that is ideally suited as an all-on-the-pole RTK rover or quick setup/rapid mobilization base station. LEDs enable you to monitor satellite tracking, radio reception, data logging status, Wi-Fi status, and power. Bluetooth wireless technology provides cable-free communications between the receiver and controller.You can use the receiver as part of an RTK GNSS system with the Trimble Access™ software. The receiver can optionally record GNSS data to the receiver’s internal memory and download to a computer or USB flash memory stick.The receiver has no front panel controls for changing settings. To configure the receiver, use the web interface which is available by connecting to the receiver’s Wi-Fi via a PC or a smartphone. Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 11

FeaturesThe Trimble R10 GNSS receiver has the following features: lSmall, lightweight design – 1.12 kg (2.49 lb) (integrated radio, GNSS receiver, GNSS antenna and battery); 3.57 kg (7.86 lb) complete system weight (rover including TSC3 controller and rod) lThe quick setup, high mobility base or rover receiver, is ideal for any size jobsite as a rover and for working on multiple jobsites on a daily or weekly basis l440-channel, Trimble 360 receiver, fully future-proof signal tracking of current GNSS systems: l lGPS: L1C/A, L1C, L2C, L2E, L5 lGLONASS: L1C/A, L1P, L2C/A, L2P, L3 lSBAS: L1C/A, L5 lGalileo: E1, E5a, E5B lBeiDou: B1, B2 lMeasure points sooner, faster and in harsh environments with HD-GNSS™ lIncreased productivity and measurement traceability with Surepoint™ auto-tilt compensation technology lCapable of tracking the CenterPoint™ RTX® correction service using satellite delivery lReduced downtime due to loss of radio signal with Trimble xFill™ service lCapable of tracking all OmniSTAR® signals lPerforms all site measurement and stakeout operations within the operating range of the radio lInternal, removable, smart Lithium-ion battery provides up to 5+ hrs GNSS rover operation per battery lBluetooth wireless technology for cable free, no hassle, base or rover operation lSimple keypad with on/off key and LED indicators for power, radio, Wi-Fi, and satellite tracking l20 Hz update rate lFull base/rover interoperability lOperates within a VRS™ network for conventional base station-free rover capability lFully integrated 3.5G UMTS cellular modem lIntegrated receive and transmit radio lCapable of tracking all SBAS systemsTrimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 12

Parts of the receiverAll operating controls are located on the front panel. Serial ports and connectors are located on the bottom of the unit.Front panelThe following figure shows a front view of the receiver. The front panel contains the four indicator LEDs and the Power button with LED.The Power button controls the receiver’s power on or off functions.The indicator LEDs show the status of data logging/downloading, power, satellite tracking, Bluetooth/Wi-Fi, and radio transmit/receive.For more information, see Button and LED operations, page 26.Lower housingThe lower housing contains the two communication and power ports, one TNC radio antenna connector, and the Quick Release Socket.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 13

❶SMA Connection: UHF/VHF antenna❷Quick Release socket❸Lemo Port 1: Serial connection❹Lemo Port 2: USB connectionReceiver portsIcon Name ConnectionsPort 1 Device, computer, external radio, power in, power outPort 2 Device, computer, USB flash memory stick, power inRADIO Radio communications antennaTrimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 14

Port 1 is a 7-pin 0-shell Lemo connector that supports RS-232 communications and external power input. Port 1 has no power outputs.Port 2 is a 7-pin 0-shell Lemo connector that allows for USB 2.0 communications and external power input. For more information, see Default receiver settings, page 34.The SMA port connector is for connecting a radio antenna to the receiver internal radio. A whip “rubber duck” antenna is supplied with the system for units with internal UHF or VHF MHz radios. This connector is not used if you are using an external UHF/VHF radio. For longer range operation (to provide higher gain and to raise the antenna higher above the ground), you can use a cable to connect an external radio antenna to the SMA port. For more information, refer to the "Connecting the receiver to external devices" topic in the Web Help.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 15

BatteriesThe receiver has one rechargeable Lithium-ion battery, which can be removed for charging. You can also connect the receiver to an external power source through Port 1 or Port 2.During measurement operations, the internal battery typically provides about 5.5 hours of power if using the internal Rx (receive) radio and about 4.5 hours operating as a base station using the internal 450 MHz Tx (transmit at 0.5 watt) radio. These times vary according to the type of measurement and the operating conditions.Battery safetyCharge and use the battery only in strict accordance with the instructions provided.WARNING – Do not damage the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery. A damaged battery can cause an explosion or fire, and can result in personal injury and/or property damage.To prevent injury or damage:– Do not use or charge the battery if it appears to be damaged. Signs of damage include, but are not limited to, discoloration, warping, and leaking battery fluid.– Do not expose the battery to fire, high temperature, or direct sunlight.– Do not immerse the battery in water.– Do not use or store the battery inside a vehicle during hot weather.– Do not drop or puncture the battery.– Do not open the battery or short-circuit its contacts.WARNING – Avoid contact with the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery if it appears to be leaking. Battery fluid is corrosive, and contact with it can result in personal injury and/or property damage.To prevent injury or damage:– If the battery leaks, avoid contact with the battery fluid.– If battery fluid gets into your eyes, immediately rinse your eyes with clean water and seek medical attention. Do not rub your eyes!– If battery fluid gets onto your skin or clothing, immediately use clean water to wash off the battery fluid.Connecting the receiver to a vehicle batteryWARNING – Use caution when connecting battery cable's clip leads to a vehicle battery. Do not allow any metal object or jewelry to connect (short) the battery's positive (+) terminal to either the negative (-) terminal or the metal of the vehicle connected to the battery. This could result in high current, arcing, and high temperatures, exposing the user to possible injury.WARNING – When connecting an external battery, such as a vehicle battery, to the receiver, be sure to use the Trimble cable with proper over-current protection intended for this purpose, to avoid a safety hazard to the user or damage to the product.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 16

Wet locationsWARNING – This product is not intended to be used outdoors or in a wet location when it is powered by the external power supply. The connection is not waterproof and could be subject to electrical shorting.WARNING – The external power adaptor and its associated power cord and plug are not intended to be installed outdoors, or in a wet location.Charging the Lithium-ion batteryThe rechargeable Lithium-ion battery is supplied partially charged. Charge the battery completely before using it for the first time. Charging takes approximately 3 hours per battery at room temperature. If the battery has been stored for longer than three months, charge it before use.WARNING Charge and use the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery only in strict accordance with the instructions. Charging or using the battery in unauthorized equipment can cause an explosion or fire, and can result in personal injury and/or equipment damage.To prevent injury or damage:– Do not charge or use the battery if it appears to be damaged or leaking.– Charge the Lithium-ion battery only in a Trimble product that is specified to charge it. Be sure to follow all instructions that are provided with the battery charger.– Discontinue charging a battery that gives off extreme heat or a burning odor.– Use the battery only in Trimble equipment that is specified to use it.– Use the battery only for its intended use and according to the instructions in the product documentation.To charge the battery, first remove the battery from the receiver, and then place it in the battery charger, which is connected to AC power.Battery chargerThe charger can charge three types of Lithium-ion batteries. It can be powered by AC power or vehicle battery. Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 17

The Charger Kit Dual Slot consists of: lCharger dual-battery slot (P/N 53018010) lPower supply for charger (P/N 55001403, Japan: P/N 78650) lCable Kit-AC for power supply (P/N 55001402; Japan: P/N 78656) lCharger battery slot insert (P/N 89843-00)Chargeable batteriesThe charge can charge the following types of batteries: lLithium-ion Rechargeable Battery (Smart Battery), 3.7 Ah, 7.4 V, (P/N 76767, P/N 89840-00) lLithium-ion Rechargeable Battery, 2.6 Ah, 7.4 V, P/N 92600 (remove battery slot inserts to charge this type of battery) lLithium-ion Rechargeable Battery, 4,4 Ah, 11.1.V, P/N 49400 (remove battery slot inserts to charge this type of battery)Charger slotsThe charger has two slots. Each slot can charge either type of battery. When charging the smart battery, you must place the inserts into the battery slot before inserting the battery. Batteries are charged sequentially. Beside each slot are two LED indicators (red and green) to indicate the battery status.Power supplyThe charger can be powered by AC power (using the power supply for the charger) or by car voltage using a 12V vehicle adapter for dual battery charger (P/N 89844-00, not included with receiver kit).AC power supply is an external adapter, usable worldwide. Different cords with appropriate plugs for different countries are supplied with adapter.Vehicle powerThe charger can be powered by vehicle voltage of nominal 12 V. It can withstand voltages of a vehicle voltage of nominal 24 V (maximum 32 V). So if the user connects the vehicle cable by mistake to a 24 V socket in a vehicle the charger does not start charging but latches in fault condition and flashes all green LEDs. The power must be removed to reset the fault condition.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 18

Technical dataPower Supply Receiver ConnectionAC Input Voltage 100 to 240 V AC +/-10%AC Frequency 50 to 60 HzDC Output Voltage 19 VDC Output current charger Approx. 3.5 ADC Power Input Voltage operation 10 V to 21 VUnit switches off if voltage is out of rangeDC Power Input Voltage limits 8 V to 32 VAbsolute maximum input voltage 32 VOver voltage 21 V to 32 VWorking voltage 10 V to 21 VUnder voltage charging <10 VSum of charge time for all batteries 5 to 6 hoursCharger in first hour >60%Charging the batteryCaution – Ensure that nothing obstructs the vents in the back and bottom of the charger.The battery is supplied partially charged. Charge the battery completely before using it for the first time. lTo charge the battery, use only a charger that Trimble recommends for charging the Lithium-ion battery. lIf the equipment has been stored for longer than three months, charge the battery before using the receiver.The charger operates between 0 °C (32 °F) and 40 °C (104 °F). Charging a battery at temperatures in the range of 0 °C (32 °F) to 5 °C (41 °F) will take longer than charging at room temperature.To charge the battery: 1. Ensure that the vents in the back and bottom of the charger are unobstructed. 2. Place the charger on a hard, flat and level surface, to ensure that there is airflow under the charger. 3. To apply power to the charger, use the AC to DC converter or 12 V vehicle adapter. The charger scans the slots for a battery. 4. Place the battery in any of the slots. The red light turns off (can take up to 5s). For an Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 19

explanation of the LED, see LED Status Indicator below. 5. Charging takes approximately 3 hours per battery at room temperature. If several batteries are charging in the battery charger, the batteries will be charged sequentially, from left to right.Leave a deeply discharged or shorted battery overnight in the charger to attempt to revive the battery. A shorted battery is typically revived as soon as the slot is scanned. If the red LED turns off, the battery is revived. If the red LED stays on, the battery is no longer functional and needs to be replaced.LED status indicatorBeside each slot are two LED indicators (Red and Green) to display the battery status:Status Red GreenNo battery detected (no battery present or battery defect)On OffBattery detected (charging not started yet) - Conditioning not required - Conditioning requiredOffBlinkingOffOffCharging in progress - Conditioning not required - Conditioning required - Over/under temperature (charge is inhibited)OffBlinkingOne flash every 2.5 secondsOffBlinkingBlinkingConditioning in progress On BlinkingConditioning done (battery fully charged) On OnBattery fully charged - Conditioning not required - Conditioning requiredOffBlinkingOnOnPower supply over/under voltage Off One flash every 2.5 secondsTrimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 20

TroubleshootingIssue SolutionBattery is not detected (Red LED does not turn off)The battery is not properly inserted. Reinsert battery into battery charger slot.Battery contacts contaminated. Clean the battery (for example, by inserting and removing the battery several times) or replace the battery.Deeply discharged. Leave the battery overnight in the charger to attempt to revive the battery.Battery defective. Replace the battery.Storing the Lithium-ion batteryDo not store batteries in the receiver or in the external charger unless power is applied.Keep all batteries on continuous charge when not in use. You can keep batteries on charge indefinitely without damage to the batteries.Disposing of the rechargeable Lithium-ion batteryDischarge a Lithium-ion battery before disposing of it. Dispose of batteries in an environmentally sensitive manner, and adhere to any local and national regulations concerning battery disposal or recycling.Inserting the battery and SIM cardAlign the arrows and on the battery and battery compartment and then insert the battery as indicated in the images below.To remove the battery, slide the battery bail to the left.Note – The gasket on the inside of the battery door should be clean of any dirt or dust to ensure proper sealing of the battery compartment.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 21

Insert the SIM card with the contacts facing upward, as indicated by the SIM card icon next to the SIM card slot.To eject the SIM card, slightly push it in to trigger the spring-loaded release mechanism.Tip – The SIM card is provided by your cellular network service provider.AccessoriesAttaching the quick release adapterPush down the spring-loaded button of the quick release adapter and then align the white dots on the bottom of the receiver and the quick release adapter. Slide in the quick release adapter and then release the button.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 22

Height measurement methodsThe following antenna height measurement methods are available in the field/office software and web interface:❶ Bottom of antenna mount❷ Bottom of quick release❸ Lever of R10 extensionNote – For information on using the Trimble R10 receiver with the Trimble V10 Imaging Rover, refer to the Trimble V10 User Guide.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 23

Base station extension with measurement leverThe Trimble R10 GNSS receiver uses a base station extension pole that increases the height of the receiver to allow clearance for the 450 MHz internal radio antenna and also allows for easy and accurate measurement of the base station antenna height. The extension pole includes a height measurement lever with a defined measurement point:To measure the height of the base station extension with measurement lever, measure the slant height from the control point on the ground to the height measurement point on the lever. Enter the slant height into the field software (or web interface) and then select the Lever of R10 extension measurement method. The field software (or web interface) automatically calculates the antenna height from the slant height. The base station extension with measurement lever should be used when setting up a base station or static session on an extension leg tripod with tribrach.The illustration below shows the Trimble R10 GNSS receiver with base station extension with measurement lever (P/N 89846-00):Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 24

The Base Station Extension with Measurement Lever is available as a standalone accessory (P/N 89846-00) or within the Base Kit or Post processed (PP) Kit.Note – Measuring to the measurement lever is not required when using a fixed height tripod. If the base station extension with measurement lever is used with a fixed height tripod, the height of the extension pole (0.15 m (0.49 ft)) should be added to the height of the fixed height tripod and the measurement method “bottom of quick release” used.Base Extension with Measurement Lever (P/N 89846-00): Base Kit (P/N 89861-00): PP Kit (P/N 89862-00):Note – Measuring to the measurement lever is not required when using a fixed height tripod. If the base station extension with measurement lever is used with a fixed height tripod, the height of the extension pole (0.15 m (0.49 ft)) should be added to the height of the fixed height tripod and the measurement method “bottom of quick release” used.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 25

Button and LED operationsThe LEDs on the front panel indicate various operating conditions. Generally, a lit or slowly flashing LED indicates normal operation, a LED that is flashing quickly indicates a condition that may require attention, and an unlit LED indicates that no operation is occurring. The following table defines each possible LED state:The term... means that the LED...Very slow flash is off and on equally with a 1.5 second cycle.Slow flash alternates on/off every ½ second.Radio slow flash is off longer than it is on when the receiver is receiving corrections. The receiver repeats this cycle typically once per second.is on more than off when the receiver is transmitting corrections. The receiver repeats this cycle typically once per second.Medium flash is off and on equally more than once per second.Fast flash alternates rapidly on/off every 1/10 of a second.On is lit steady.Off is unlit.Power buttonAction Power buttonDescriptionTurn on the receiverPress (see the note below)All four LEDs light up and remain lit for 3 seconds. Then all LEDs go off and then the power LED immediately comes back on.Turn off the receiverHold for 2 seconds and then When holding down the Power button; the battery LED remains on. The Satellite LED turns constant and then turns off after 2 seconds.After releasing the power button, the battery LED stays lit for about 5 Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 26

Action Power buttonDescriptionrelease seconds and then all LEDs go blank.Clear the ephemeris file and reset the receiver to the factory defaultsHold for 15 secondsThe Radio, Wi-Fi, and Satellite LEDs turn off after 2 seconds. The battery LED remains on. After 15 seconds, the Satellite LED comes on to indicate that it is time to release the Power button. Upon restart, the Wi-Fi will also turn on in Access Point mode.Delete application files and data logging filesHold for 30 secondsThe Radio, Wi-Fi, and Satellite LEDs turn off after 2 seconds. After 15 seconds, the Satellite LED comes on and stays on for 15 seconds, then turns off to indicate that it is time to release the Power button. The receiver then restarts. Note – The term “press” means to press the button and release it immediately. The term “hold” means to press the button and hold it down for the given time. Satellite LEDReceiver mode Satellite LED AmberNo satellites tracked OffBoot up or when in Monitor mode OnTracking fewer than 4 SVs Fast flashTracking more than 4 SVs Slow flash Radio LEDRadio modeRadio LED AmberDescriptionNo receive or transmitOff Receive Radio slow flash See the table at the top of this topic. This LED also flashes when using the Wi-Fi only for receiving corrections.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 27

Radio modeRadio LED AmberDescriptionTransmit Radio slow flash See the table at the top of this topic.This LED also flashes when using the Wi-Fi only for transmitting corrections Wi-Fi LEDReceiver mode Wi-Fi LED AmberWi-Fi off OffWi-Fi is access point (base mode/sending corrections) Medium flashWi-Fi is client (and not connected to an access point) OffWi-Fi as client (rover mode receiving corrections) Very slow flash Data logging/downloading LEDReceiver mode Data LED AmberData logging off OffData logging on OnDownloading to USB flash memory stick Slow flashFull USB flash memory stick detected Fast flashDownload to USB flash memory stick complete Very slow flashTrimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 28

LED flash patternsThe following table details the possible flash patterns to indicate various states of receiver operation.Receiver mode Power buttonRadio LED Satellite LEDData LED Wi-Fi LEDReceiver OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFFReceiver ON, healthy power ON N/A N/A N/A N/ALow power Fast flash N/A N/A N/A N/ATransmitting correction messages N/A Flashes off when transmittingN/A N/A N/AReceiving valid data packets N/A Slow flash N/A N/A N/ATracking fewer than 4 SVs ON N/A Fast flashN/A N/ATracking more than 4 SVs ON N/A Slow flashN/A N/ALogging data internally N/A N/A N/A Solid N/ATransferring data to flash memory stick N/A N/A N/A Slow flash N/AAll data transferred to flash memory stick N/A N/A N/A Very slow flashN/AFlash memory stick full N/A N/A N/A Fast flash N/AWi-Fi configured as an access point N/A N/A N/A N/A Slow flashWi-Fi configured as a client N/A N/A N/A N/A OnReceiver in monitor mode (loading firmware from WinFlash)ON Slow flash Solid OFF OFFNote – If a column shows “N/A”, that specific LED may or may not be on, but it is not relevant to that particular mode.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 29

Connecting to an office computerThe receiver can communicate with the office computer using a serial connection by either using a serial cable (P/N 89851-00 or P/N 59046), or by using the USB cable (P/N 89852-00 or P/N 80751) and then Configuring a PC USB port as a virtual serial port, page 70. Before you connect to the office computer, ensure that the receiver battery is fully charged.The following figure shows how to connect to the computer for serial data transfer:①USB cable (P/N 89852-00 or 80751)②Serial cable (P/N 89851-00 or P/N 59046)Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 30

Connecting to a USB flash memory stickThe receiver can download logged data directly to a USB flash memory stick using the supplied USB field data cable (P/N 80799 or 89850-00). After the cable is connected to the receiver’s port 2 (USB) and the flash memory stick attached, the receiver will download all logged files to the flash memory stick.Note – The USB field data cable is used to download logged (existing) data files from the receiver memory to the flash memory stick. The USB field data cable cannot be used to log data files directly to the flash memory stick.The following figure shows a flash memory stick connected to the receiver using the USB download cable:Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 31

$Configuring a PC USB port as a virtual serial portIt is possible to use the USB interface from a Trimble R10 GNSS receiver with a software application that requires a serial port.For example, the Trimble WinFlash utility can be run on a computer that has no physical serial port by connecting the USB cable between the computer and the receiver.Windows 7 Professional operating system 1. The simplest way to install the virtual serial port for the USB interface to the receiver is to go to the Trimble Support website (www.trimble.com/support) and search for the Trimble R10 GNSS receiver. In the Downloads section, download the file called Windows7 USB Installer to your computer.This file contains a Support Note and installation program. 2. Run the installation program. It will load the virtual serial port for the USB interface on your computer.Note – If you have installed the Trimble WinFlash utility (www.trimble.com/support) on your computer, then another way to install the virtual serial port for the USB interface is to run the USB Installer program, which is located in C:\Program Files\Common Files\Trimble\USBDriver.If this process does not work for your computer, or if you have a different Windows operating system on your computer, then follow the procedure below.Windows Vista and Windows 7 operating system 1. Go to the Trimble Support website (www.trimble.com/support) and search for the receiver you have. In the Support Notes section, download the file called R10 GNSS Interface to a Virtual COM port on a Computer to your computer. 2. Open the file and place the trmbUsb.inf file in a temporary folder on your computer. 3. On the computer, select Control Panel / Device Manager. 4. Click on the name of the computer and then from the Action menu, select Add Legacy Driver. 5. A wizard prompts you to locate the TrimbleUsb.inf file. Locate the file and then follow the prompts in the wizard to continue.Windows XP operating system 1. Go to the Trimble Support website (www.trimble.com/support) and search for the Trimble R10 GNSS receiver. In the Support Notes section, download the file called R10 GNSS Interface to a Virtual COM port on a Computer to your computer. 2. Open the file and place the trimble.Usb.INF file in a temporary folder on your computer. 3. Turn on the receiver and then connect the USB cable to the computer. The New Hardware Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 32$

$wizard appears. 4. Select the No, not this time option and then click Next. 5. A dialog prompts you to specify the location of the USBSer.sys file. For example, C:\Windows\System32\Drivers. 6. On some computers you may need to repeat Step 4 for the TrimbleUsb.inf file. 7. Check that the receiver is available for use. Go to the Device Manager menu on the computer. The receiver should appear in the Ports list.Note – If you are running an application such as WinFlash software on the computer and you physically disconnect the USB cable from the computer and then reconnect it, it does not always re-establish the connection. This is because opening the serial port from the application locks the device handle and when the USB device is disconnected, the application does not close the serial port and the device handle is still locked. On reconnecting, the USB cable is unable to get the device handle since it is locked. You must close the application before the reconnect to the port will work. This limitation is due to the behavior of the Microsoft USB serial driver.Logging dataData logging involves the collection of GNSS measurement data over a period of time at a static point or points, and subsequent postprocessing of the information to accurately compute baseline information. Data logging using receivers requires access to suitable GNSS postprocessing software such as the Trimble Business Center software.Postprocessed GNSS data is typically used for control network measurement applications and precise monitoring. GNSS measurement data is collected over a period of time at a static point or points and then postprocessed to accurately compute baseline information.Logging data after a power lossIf power is unexpectedly lost while the receiver is logging data, the receiver tries to return to the state it was in immediately before the power loss. The receiver does not reset itself to default settings.If the receiver was logging data when power was lost, it resumes logging data when power is restored.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 33$

Default receiver settingsThese settings are defined in the default application file.Function Settings Factory defaultSV Enable - All SVs enabledGeneral Controls Elevation mask 10°PDOP mask 25RTK positioning mode Low LatencyMotion KinematicSerial Port 1 Baud rate 38,400Format 8-None-1Flow control NoneSerial Port 2 USB Input Setup Station AnyNMEA/ASCII (all supported messages) All ports OffStreamed Output All types OffOffset=00RT17/Binary All ports OffReference Position Latitude 0°Longitude 0°Altitude 0.00 m HAEAntenna Type Trimble R10 GNSS receiver, InternalHeight (true vertical) 0.00 mGroup AllMeasurement method Antenna Phase CenterTrimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 34

2 Base Station OperationIn this chapter: nBase station operation guidelines nCommon ways to set up a base station nOutputting corrections using a TDL450/HPB450 radio-modem Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 352CHAPTER

2 Base Station OperationBase station operation guidelinesThis topic introduces the concept of base station operation, provides information to help you identify good setup locations, describes best practices for setting up the equipment, and outlines the precautions that you need to take to protect the equipment.Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) operation provides centimeter-level precision by eliminating errors that are present in the GNSS system. For all RTK operations, you require both a rover receiver and a source of corrections from a base station or network of base stations.A base station consists of a receiver that is placed at a known (and fixed) position. The receiver tracks the same satellites that are being tracked by the rover receiver, at the same time that the rover is tracking them. Errors in the GNSS system are monitored at the fixed (and known) base station, and a series of position corrections are computed. The messages are sent through a radio link to the rover receiver, where they are used to correct the real time positions of the rover.Base station componentsThe base station has the following components: lGNSS receiver lGNSS antenna lHeight extension pole with measurement level lBase station radio and antenna lPower sourceGNSS receiver and GNSS antennaThe base station GNSS receiver can be one of following types: lAn integrated receiver that incorporates a GNSS receiver, GNSS antenna, power source, and radio into a single compact unit. An integrated GNSS antenna can be rapidly set up on a tripod, fixed height tripod, or T-Bar anywhere that is convenient on the jobsite. lA modular receiver that incorporates a GNSS receiver and separate GNSS antenna. The GNSS antenna (and, optionally, the base station radio antenna) is separate from the receiver. Because the GNSS antenna is separate, you can use the following optimized components: n na geodetic antenna with large ground plane, to eliminate multipath (the major source of GNSS errors) at the base station na high-gain or directional radio antenna, to increase broadcast range and to provide maximum coverageYou can place a modular receiver in an easily accessible and secure location, safe from theft and the weather, while the antennas are placed high on a tower or building, clear of obstructions and able to deliver maximum performance.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 36

2 Base Station OperationYou can use either type of receiver in a permanent, semi-permanent, or daily quick setup configuration. If semi-permanent or permanent operation is required, however, the modular receiver delivers significant advantages.Base station setup guidelinesFor good performance, observe the following base station setup guidelines: lPlace the GNSS receiver in a location on the jobsite where equal range in all directions provides full coverage of the site. This is more important on larger jobsites, where the broadcast range of the base station radio may limit the operations of the system. lPlace the GNSS antenna in a location that has a clear line of sight to the sky in all directions. Do not place the antenna near vertical obstructions such as buildings, deep cuttings, site vehicles, towers, or tree canopy. lPlace the GNSS and radio antennas as high as practical. This minimizes multipath from the surrounding area, and enables the radio to broadcast to the maximum distance.Note – The GNSS antenna must have a clear line of sight to the sky at all times during operation. lChoose the most appropriate radio antenna for the size and footprint of the site. The higher the gain on the antenna, the longer the range. If there is more focus on the transmission signal, there is a reduced coverage area. A 5 db gain antenna provides a mix of good range and reasonable directional coverage.Note – A 5 db gain antenna with remote mount and cable is available as an accessory for the internal radio. lMake sure that the GNSS receiver does not lose power. To operate continuously for more than a few hours without loss of power at the base station, provide external power. Sources of external power include: n nAC power n12 V vehicle battery nTrimble custom external battery pack nGenerator power nSolar panelWhen you use an external power supply, the integrated battery provides a backup power supply, enabling you to maintain continuous operation through a mains power failure. lDo not locate a GNSS receiver, GNSS antenna, or radio antenna within 400 meters (about 1,300 feet) of: n na powerful radar, television, or cellular communications tower nanother transmitter nanother GNSS antennaTrimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 37

2 Base Station OperationCell phone towers can interfere with the base station radio broadcast and can stop corrections from reaching the rover receiver. High-power signals from a nearby radio or radar transmitter can overwhelm the receiver circuits. This does not harm the receiver, but can prevent the receiver electronics from functioning correctly.Low-power transmitters, such as those in cell phones and two-way radios, do not interfere with receiver operations lDo not set up the base station directly beneath or close to overhead power lines or electrical generation facilities. The electromagnetic fields associated with these utilities can interfere with GNSS receiver operation. Other sources of electromagnetic interference include: n nGasoline engines (spark plugs) nTelevisions and computer monitors nAlternators and generators nElectric motors nEquipment with DC-to-AC converters nFluorescent lights nSwitching power supplies lPlace the GNSS receivers in a protected and secure location. If the base station is in the center of a jobsite where heavy machinery is operating, place flags around the base station to warn operators of its existence. lIf you place the receiver in a lock box on the jobsite to protect the receiver from theft or from the weather, shield the lock box from direct sunlight and provide ventilation for the receiver through an inlet and extractor fan. A receiver that has a broadcast radio generates significant heat. Do not allow the temperature in the box to exceed 50 °C (122 °F).If working in a cold climate, you may need to provide heat to the receiver. Do not operate the receiver below –40 °C (–40 °F) lTrimble recommends that, wherever possible, you keep GNSS receiver equipment dry. The receivers are designed to withstand wet weather, but keeping them dry prolongs their life and reduces the effects of corrosion on ports and connectors. If the equipment gets wet, use a clean dry cloth to dry the equipment and then leave the equipment open to the air to dry. Do not lock wet equipment in a transport case for prolonged periods. Avoid exposing the receiver to corrosive liquids and salt water wherever possible. lTrimble recommends that you install lightning protection equipment at permanent base station locations. Equipment should include a gas capsule lightning protector in the GNSS and radio antenna feed line and appropriate safety grounding. A static dissipater near the antennas can reduce the likelihood of a direct lightning strike. Also protect any communications and power lines at building entry points. For more information, contact your local Trimble dealer, or go to the Huber and Suhner website (www.hubersuhnerinc.com). lTrimble recommends that you use surge protection equipment on all permanently installed equipment.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 38

2 Base Station OperationCommon ways to set up a base stationTrimble recommends that you use a tripod and tribrach setup or a fixed height tripod. The fixed height tripod is quicker and easier to set up over a control point.Take great care to ensure that the GNSS antenna is set up accurately over the control point, and that the GNSS antenna height is measured accurately, in the right way (vertical or slope height) to the right location on the antenna (base of antenna or to a specified location on the antenna) or height extension pole with height measurement lever (P/N 89846-00) or Base Station Kit (P/N 89861-00). When you start the rover receiver, it is important to check in, at one or more known locations, to check for possible position or height errors. Checking in at a known location is good practice and can avoid costly errors caused by a bad setup.Tripod and tribrach setupIn the tripod setup, the tripod is located over the control point, and the tribrach, tribrach adaptor, and height extension pole with measurement lever is mounted on the tripod and centered over the point. 1. Mount the quick release adapter onto the height extension pole with measurement lever. 2. Screw the height extension pole with measurement lever into the tribrach. Attach the GNSS receiver to the quick release adapter. 3. Level and plumb the GNSS receiver over the control point. 4. Measure the height of the base station GNSS antenna by measuring the slant height from the control point to the measurement lever. Select the “Lever of R10 extension” as the measurement method when starting the base station. Trimble Access calculates the height to the Antenna Phase Center (APC) automatically. 5. If required, connect the GNSS receiver to an external 12 V power supply. Use the external battery cable set (P/N 89864-00) or the Trimble customer 6Ah power pack.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 39

2 Base Station OperationReceiver tripod and tribrach setup with an internal 450 MHz Tx radio (Measuring Slant Height)Fixed height tripod setupA fixed height tripod setup is similar to a tripod setup, but is simplified by the central leg of the tripod, which is placed directly on the control point. If the central leg is leveled accurately, the fixed height tripod is quick and easy to set up, and provides an accurate way to measure the true antenna height. 1. Screw the quick release adapter onto the tripod head or extension pole used to increase the height of the receiver above the tripod head. 2. Attach the GNSS receiver to the quick release adapter. 3. Plumb and level the tripod over the control point. 4. Determine the height of the base station GNSS antenna by adding the fixed height of the tripod from the control point to the tripod head to the height of any extension pole used to increase the height of the receiver. Select the “Bottom of Quick Release” as the measurement method when starting the base station. Trimble Access calculates the height to the Antenna Phase Center (APC) automatically. 5. If required, connect the GNSS receiver to an external 12 V power supply. Use the crocodile clip cable or the Trimble custom power pack.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 40

2 Base Station Operation❶ Base extension with height measurement lever❷ Standard 20 cm extension poleReceiver with an internal 450 MHz Transmit radio on a fixed height tripodNote – Measuring to the measurement lever is not required when using a fixed height tripod. If the base station extension with measurement lever is used with a fixed height tripod, the height of the extension pole (0.15m (0.49ft)) should be added to the height of the fixed height tripod and the measurement method “bottom of quick release” used.Using a remote radio antenna with the receiverA remote radio antenna can be used with the Trimble R10 GNSS receiver’s internal 450 MHz radio. The remote antenna allows the use of a high gain antenna (country dependent) and the ability to increase the height of the radio antenna for a larger coverage area. The remote antenna cable and mount, along with the high gain antenna, is available as an accessory for the receiver (P/N 89856-00-6x Radio frequency dependent).Typically, the tripod and fixed height tripod methods do not give significant height clearance above the ground, and can reduce the range of operation caused by radio limitations.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 41

2 Base Station OperationConnecting remote radio antenna cable to the receiver Receiver with a remote radio antennaTrimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 42

2 Base Station OperationUsing an external radio with the receiverAn external radio can be used with the Trimble R10 GNSS receiver. Using a high powered UHF radio will increase the radio coverage area. The external radio data cable is connected to Port 1 (Serial) on the receiver.Outputting corrections using a TDL450/HPB450 radio-modemThe TDL450/HPB450 radio comes with a 5-pin Lemo to 7-pin Lemo connector with a power connection lead: 1. Connect the 7-pin Lemo connector to the serial port (Port 1) on the receiver. 2. Connect the 5-pin Lemo connector to the TDL450/HPB450 radio. 3. Connect the DC power lead to an external power source. 4. Turn on the TDL450/HPB450 radio.To configure the system, do one of the following: lUse the Trimble Access software to connect to the receiver. Set up the base station with the external radio. The Trimble Access software will locate the TDL450/HPB450 radio and then allow you to set the radio channel. lUse the web interface to configure the settings. Select I/O Configuration / Port Configuration. Select the Serial 1 / Lemo option and select corrections to be sent on the Lemo port at those baud rate settings (the TDL450/HPB450 serial interface is shipped with the default rates 38400 8/N/1).Configuration software accompanies the TDL450/HPB450 radio if you need to change the serial connection baud rate.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 43

3 Rover Setup and OperationIn this chapter: nRover operation guidelines nSurepoint (integrated tilt sensor) nIntegrated cellular modem nConnecting the receiver to external devices nTransferring files directly from the receiver nDeleting files in the receiver Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 443CHAPTER

3 Rover Setup and OperationRover operation guidelinesReal-Time Kinematic (RTK) operation provides centimeter-level precision by eliminating errors that are present in the GNSS system. For all RTK operations, you require both a rover receiver and a source of corrections from a base station or network of base stations.This topic introduces the concept of rover operation, provides information to help you identify good setup locations, describes best practices for setting up the equipment, and outlines the precautions that you need to take to protect the equipment.The second part of the RTK GNSS system is the rover receiver. The rover receiver is moved between the points that require measurement or stakeout. The rover receiver is connected to a base station or to a source of RTK corrections such as a VRS system or the Trimble CenterPoint RTX correction service. The connection is provided by: lan integrated radio lan integrated cellular modem lan integrated Wi-Fi module la cellular modem in the controller lan integrated GNSS antenna (L-Band)In most rover applications, the receiver operates entirely from its own integrated battery unit. However, you can use an external power supply if one is provided. The internal battery then acts as an uninterruptible power supply, covering any external power failures.For good rover operation, observe the following setup guidelines: lPlace the GNSS antenna in a location that has a clear line of sight to the sky in all directions. Do not place the antenna near vertical obstructions such as buildings, deep cuttings, site vehicles, towers, or tree canopy. GNSS rovers and the base station receive the same satellite signals from the same satellites. The system needs five common satellites to provide RTK positioning. WARNING – The GNSS antenna and its cabling should be installed in accordance with all national and local electrical codes, regulations, and practices. The antenna and cabling should be installed where they will not become energized as a result of falling nearby power lines, nor be mounted where they are subjected to over-voltage transients, particularly lightning. Such installations require additional protective means that are detailed in national and local electrical codes.WARNING – Take care not to touch overhead power lines with the Trimble R10 GNSS receiver or the range pole when moving the equipment into position. Touching overhead power lines may cause electrocution, leading to serious injury. lGNSS satellites are constantly moving. Because you cannot measure at a specific location now does not mean that you will not be able to measure there later, when satellite coverage at the location improves. Use GNSS planning software to identify the daily best and worst satellite coverage times for your location and then choose measurement times that coincide with Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 45

3 Rover Setup and Operationoptimal GNSS performance. This is especially important when operating in the worst GNSS locations. You can download the Trimble Planning software from the Trimble website (ww2.trimble.com/planningsoftware_ts.asp). You can also use Trimble GNSS Planning Online at www.trimble.com/GNSSPlanningOnline/#/Settings. To use online GNSS planning, may need to first install the Microsoft Silverlight® add-on for your Internet browser. lTo get a fixed position solution with centimeter precision, initialize the RTK rover receiver. For initialization to take place, the receiver must track at least five satellites that the base station is also tracking. In a dual-satellite constellation operation, for example, GPS and GLONASS, the receiver must track at least six satellites. lTo continue to survey at centimeter precisions, the rover must continuously track at least four satellites that the base station is also tracking. The radio link between the base and rover receivers must also be maintained. lLoss of the satellite signals will result in a loss of centimeter position precision. lIf the radio link is lost, xFill takes over, which allows for centimeter precisions.CAUTION – The Trimble R10 GNSS receiver is not suited to on-vehicle operation where it will be subject to heavy vibration, that is, operation in rough ungraded terrain. Use in these conditions can damage the receiver.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 46

3 Rover Setup and OperationSurepoint (integrated tilt sensor)The receiver comes with the Surepoint™ technology, which allows the use of full-tilt compensation and an eBubble (electronic bubble). Surepoint’s full-tilt compensation allows the collection of points even when the R10 receiver is tilted up to 15 degrees off plumb. When the terrain or structures around the point do not allow full plumbing of the R10 receiver, the integrated tilt sensor will compensate for the tilt of the range pole. The point is collected using a point type of compensated point to initiate the tilt compensation.The eBubble is displayed within the Trimble Access software. The eBubble is displayed in a separate window for use during any aspect of your survey. To use the full-tilt compensation and the eBubble correctly, the TSC3 or Trimble Tablet must be aligned correctly in relationship to the receiver. When the receiver is placed on a range pole, the controller or tablet must be placed on the right or left side of the receiver with the screen of the controller or tablet in the same axis as the receiver front panel:Calibrating the integrated tilt sensorIt is very important to ensure the integrated tilt sensor is correctly calibrated in the same way that mechanical bubbles are calibrated on your range poles and tribrachs. When calibrating the integrated tilt sensor you must use a range pole with bi-pod or a tripod with tribrach that have been well calibrated. The quality of the integrated tilt sensor calibration is directly related to the quality of the mechanic bubble and its calibration.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 47

3 Rover Setup and OperationThe integrated tilt sensor calibration is performed within the Trimble Access software. To calibrate the integrated tilt sensor, place the receiver on a stable range pole or tripod with tribrach. Level the receiver using the mechanical bubble on the range pole or tribrach. Turn on the receiver and TSC3 or Trimble Tablet. Run Trimble Access, then:1. In the General Survey menu:Tap Instrument.2. In the Instrument screen:Tap eBubble options.3. The eBubble options screen appears.You are now ready to perform the calibration.Tap Calib.Note – An electronic bubble is displayed to indicate if you are holding the instrument level.4. The Sensor calibration screen appears.First the tilt calibration is performed.Tap the Calibrate button next to the Tilt calibration status field.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 48

3 Rover Setup and Operation5. A message asks you to confirm that the instrument is level and braced against any movement. Tap Start.6. A progress bar indicates that calibration is in progress.7. Once calibration is complete, the Sensor calibration screen reappears.Next you will perform the magnetometer calibration.Tap the Calibrate button next to the Magnetometer calibration status field. 8. A message and graphic is displayed describing the magnetometer calibration procedure. Observe the visual graphic of the receiver, and then perform the calibration as shown.Tap Start.9. As you rotate the receiver through the 12 orientations, the progress bar will progress. If the bar is not progressing or progressing slowly, you may not be rotating the receiver correctly. Rotate the receiver in the vertical one complete rotation, then rotate the receiver in the horizontal a few degrees. Repeat.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 49

3 Rover Setup and Operation10. Once calibration is complete, the Sensor calibration screen reappears. Next you will perform the magnetometer alignment.Tap the Calibrate button next to the Magnetometer alignment status field.11. A message and graphic is displayed describing the magnetometer alignment procedure. Observe the visual graphic of the receiver, and then perform the alignment as shown. Tap Start. 12. As you rotate the receiver 360 degrees in the horizontal, the progress bar will progress. If the bar is not progressing or progressing slowly, you may be rotating the receiver too quickly. Rotate the receiver at the same speed as the graphic shows.13. Once calibration is complete, the Sensor calibration screen reappears. The full tilt calibration is complete. Tap Accept to return to the eBubble options screen. Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 50

3 Rover Setup and OperationIntegrated cellular modemInstead of the internal radio, you can use the integrated cellular modem as your data communications link. This will allow you to connect to VRS networks in your area. See your local Trimble representative for more information on VRS networks.Using the integrated cellular modem requires a SIM card from your local cellular service provider. The SIM card is inserted into the SIM card slot in the battery compartment of the receiver. For more information about setting up your SIM card and cellular service in the receiver, please see your local Trimble representative.For more information on using a cellular modem as a data link, refer to the Trimble Access Help.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 51

3 Rover Setup and OperationConnecting the receiver to external devicesYou can connect the receiver to the following devices: la Trimble controller running Trimble Access software lan external radio-modem Connecting to a Trimble controller running Trimble Access softwareYou can operate a Trimble R10 GNSS receiver with any Trimble controller, for example, a TSC3 or a Trimble Tablet. Typically, the receiver and the controller operate from their own individual power sources. The receiver and controller can communicate through Bluetooth wireless technology and can be connected without a cable. However, if a cable is required, the following table lists the cables available for the receiver.To connect a Trimble R10 GNSS receiver to a...Use cable P/N...Use cable connector...and connect the cable to the...computer serial port 89853-00 or 590447-pin serial LemoDB-9ReceiverComputercomputer USB port 89852-00 or 807517-pin USB LemoUSBReceiverComputerTSC3 or Trimble Tablet 89851-00 or 59046DB-9Serial LemoTSCReceiverUSB flash memory stick 89850-00 or 807997-pin USB LemoUSB flash driveReceiverFlash driveTDL450 66656 7-pin serial Lemo5-pin LemoReceiverTDL450Internal radio-modems The most common data link for Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) operation is a radio. The receiver is available with the following internal radios: l410 MHz – 470 MHz (Transmit/Receive)External radio-modemsIf the receiver does not have an internal transmit radio, or you want to connect to a higher powered external transmit radio or cellular modem, use the Lemo serial port.The Trimble R10 GNSS receiver supports the following Trimble base radios: lTrimble TDL450 lTrimble SNB900Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 52

3 Rover Setup and Operation lLegacy radios such as the Trimble PDL450 radio, Trimble HPB450 radio-modem, and TRIMMARK™ 3 radioThe receiver also supports third-party transparent radios and third-party cellular modems.To use an external radio with the receiver, you need an external power source for the radio—except for the SNB900 radio, which contains an internal battery. To configure the radio modem separately, use the external radio’s configuration program, or the display and keypad.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 53

3 Rover Setup and OperationConfiguring the receiverYou can configure the receiver in a number of ways. These topics describe the different configuration methods, and explain when and why each method is used.Trimble Access Help is likely to be your main tool to set up and operate the receiver on a daily basis. All required field configurations are handled through the Trimble Access software running on a Trimble Tablet, TSC3, or Trimble CU controller. For more information, refer to the Trimble Access Help.Configuring the receiver using the Web User Interface (Web UI)The receiver has a Wi-Fi port so that the receiver can connect directly to a PC or smartphone (access point mode) or to a wireless network (client mode). You can use Wi-Fi to access, configure, and monitor the receiver. No cable connection to the receiver is required.Connecting via Wi-Fi (access point)The receiver is set to access point by default. In access point mode, the user can connect directly to the receiver from a PC or smartphone. 1. Using the Wi-Fi connection application on your PC or Smartphone, find the access point SSID for the receiver. Turn on the Trimble R10 GNSS receiver and wait for the words "Trimble GNSS" and last four digits of the receiver serial number to appear in your Wi-Fi connection application. For example, Trimble GNSS xxxx (where xxxx represents the last four digits of the receiver serial number. 2. Connect to the receiver. By default, all encryption is turned off in the receiver. 3. Open your web browser and then type the receiver IP address into the URL field. By default the IP address of the receiver is http://192.168.142.1. 4. Enter the login and password for the receiver. By default, the login is admin and the password is password. 5. The receiver web interface is displayed and the receiver is ready for real-time configuration.The web page on the smartphone mini-browser opens with a select number of menus. To view the Full (Classic) menu, use the Show Classic Web GUI link in the heading area. To return to the mini-browser, the Wi-Fi connection or receiver must be reset (that is, turned on or off).For more information, search for the topic "Web Interface Menus" in the Trimble R10 Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 54

3 Rover Setup and OperationGNSS Receiver WebHelp.Default Wi-Fi connection settingsOut of the box, the receiver is configured to default settings for Wi-Fi connections. You can change any of these settings as required. The default settings are: lWi-Fi mode: access point lWi-Fi SSID: Receiver serial number lWi-Fi Encryption: Off lWi-Fi IP Address: 192.168.142.1 lReceiver Login: admin lReceiver Password: passwordTrimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 55

3 Rover Setup and OperationWeb interface menusUse the web interface to configure the receiver settingsThe web interface is available in the following languages: lEnglish (en) lChinese (zh) lDutch (nl) lFinnish (fi) lFrench (fr) lGerman (de) lItalian (it) lJapanese (ja) lNorwegian (n) lPolish (pl) lPortuguese (pt) lRussian (ru) lSpanish (es) lSwedish (sv)Use the Receiver Configuration / Default Language setting to select the default language for your use.The web interface shows the configuration menus on the left of the browser window, and the settings on the right. Each configuration menu contains related submenus to configure the receiver and monitor receiver performance.Supported browsersFor PCs and laptops, current versions of these HTML browsers are supported: lGoogle Chrome lMozilla Firefox lMicrosoft Internet Explorer for Windows operating systems lOpera lApple SafariTo access the web interface on a Trimble R10 GNSS receiver using a PDA or a smartphone with the Wi-Fi link to the Trimble R10 GNSS receiver, Trimble recommends:Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 56

3 Rover Setup and Operation lOpera Mobile for Android-based units lApple SafariMenu overviewThe following configuration menus are available.Receiver Status menuThe Receiver Status menu provides a quick link to review the receiver’s available options, current firmware version, IP address, temperature, runtime, satellites tracked, current outputs, available memory, position information, and more.Satellites menuUse the Satellites menu to view satellite tracking details and enable/disable GPS, GLONASS, and SBAS satellites.Note – To configure the receiver for OmniSTAR, use the OmniSTAR menu.Web Services menuUse the Web Services menu to plan satellite availability and performance, along with Ionospheric Maps of your location. All functions are web-based and require an Internet connection.Data Logging menuUse the Data Logging menu to set up the receiver to log static GNSS data. You can also configure settings such as observable rate, position rate, continuous logging, continuous logging rate, and whether to auto delete old files if memory is low.Receiver Configuration menuUse the Receiver Configuration menu to configure such settings as elevation mask and PDOP mask, and the reference station position, and the reference station name and code.I/O Configuration menuUse the I/O Configuration menu to set up all outputs of the receiver. Depending on the receiver's specification it may output CMR, RTCM, RTCM-REPEAT, RT17/RT27, NMEA, or GSOF messages on a variety of ports including TCP/IP, NTRIP, UDP, serial, or Bluetooth ports.Bluetooth menuUse the Bluetooth menu to configure the receiver to connect to other devices that use Bluetooth wireless technology. These devices can be used to configure the receiver, and generate or receive corrections. The following Trimble devices can be connected to the receiver using Bluetooth wireless technology:Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 57

3 Rover Setup and Operation lTSC3 controller lTrimble Tablet lTrimble Slate controller lOther Bluetooth-enabled devicesRadio menuThe Trimble R10 receiver can include an internal radio. Either UHF or VHF models are available for purchase.Use the Radio menu to configure the internal UHF radio of the receiver, if applicable. The receivers are available with 410 MHz to 430 MHz radios.Use the Radio menu to configure the internal VHF radio of the receiver.If the receiver does not have an internal radio installed, the Radio menu is not available.GSM/GPRS modem menuUse the GSM/GPRS modem menu to check the status and configure the internal UMTS modem. It includes information about the inserted SIM card.OmniSTAR menuThe receiver can receive OmniSTAR corrections.To receive CenterPoint RTX corrections, you must enable the receiver to track the RTX satellites and it must have a valid CenterPoint RTX subscription.To obtain a subscription or contact support, go to www.omnistar.com/servicemap.html.To obtain a CenterPoint RTX subscription or contact support, go to http://www.trimble.com/positioning-services/order-now.aspx.Network Configuration menuUse the Network Configuration menu to configure Ethernet settings, email alerts, PPP connection, HTTP port, and FTP port settings of the receiver. Wi-FiUse the Wi-Fi menu to configure the Wi-Fi access mode and access point, so that using a Wi-Fi enabled device such as a smartphone, you can access the web interface of a Trimble R10 GNSS receiver.Security menuUse the Security menu to configure the login accounts for all users who will be permitted to configure the receiver using a web browser. Each account consists of a username, password, and permissions. Administrators can use this feature to limit access to other users. Security can be Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 58

3 Rover Setup and Operationdisabled for a receiver. However, Trimble discourages this as it makes the receiver susceptible to unauthorized configuration changes.Firmware menuUse the Firmware menu to verify the current firmware and load new firmware to the receiver. You can upgrade firmware across a network or from a remote location without having to connect to the receiver with a serial cable.Help menuTo access the Help, your computer must be connected to the Internet. If you do not have access to the Internet, there is also a copy of the receiver Help files on the support area of the Trimble website (www.trimble.com/support.shtml).Configuring the receiver in real timeYou can configure the receiver in real time using the web interface on your PC via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth (PPP), USB (PPP) or Serial (PPP). A new feature available on the Trimble R10 GNSS receiver is the mini-browser, easily accessed using a smartphone with Wi-Fi. The new mini-browser makes a select group of Web GUI menus available, with the option of showing the full set of Web GUI menus. When you apply the changes you have made to the settings in the web interface, the receiver settings change immediately.Note – Instructions for connecting to the Trimble R10 GNSS receiver via PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) are found on the Trimble web site under the Trimble R10 GNSS receiver support notes.Any changes that you apply to the receiver are reflected in the current application file, which is always present in the receiver. Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 59

3 Rover Setup and OperationConfiguring the receiver using application filesAn application file contains information for configuring a receiver. To configure a receiver using an application file, you need to create the application file, transfer it to the receiver and then apply the file’s settings. The GPS Configurator software does this automatically when you work with configuration files.OverviewAn application file is organized into records. Each record stores configuration information for a particular area of receiver operation. Application files can include the following records: lFile storage lGeneral controls lSerial port baud rate/format lReference position lLogging rate lSV enable/disable lOutput message lAntenna lDevice control lStatic/KinematicAn application file does not have to contain all of these records. When you apply an application file, any option that is not included in the records in the file remains at its current setting. For example, if you apply an application file that only specifies the elevation mask to use, all other settings remain as they were before the application file was applied.You can store up to 11 different application files in the receiver. You can apply an application file’s settings at the time it is transferred to the receiver, or at any time afterwards.Special application filesThe receiver has three special application files, which control important aspects of the receiver’s configuration.Default application fileThe default application file (Default.cfg) contains the original receiver configuration, and cannot be changed. This file configures the receiver after it is reset. To reset the receiver, see Button and LED operations, page 26Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 60

3 Rover Setup and OperationAlthough you cannot change or delete the default application file, you can use a power up application file to override any or all of the default settings.Current application fileThe current application file (Current.cfg) reflects the current receiver configuration. When you change the receiver’s configuration, either in real time or by applying an application file, the current file changes to match the new configuration.You cannot delete the current file or change it directly, but every change to the receiver’s current configuration is applied to the current file as well.When you switch off the receiver and then turn it on again, all the settings from the current application file are applied, so you do not lose any changes that you have made. The only exceptions are the following logging parameters: lLogging rate lPosition rate lElevation maskThese parameters are always reset to the factory default values when the receiver is switched off.Power Up application fileThe power up application file (Power_up.cfg) is used to set the receiver to a specific configuration any time the unit is powered up.In this file, you can specify that the receiver is reset to defaults before the power up settings are applied. This ensures that restarting the receiver always resets it to factory defaults before applying the power up application file.Alternatively, you can specify that the power up settings are applied immediately after the current application file’s settings have been applied. Restarting the receiver results in a configuration that uses your default settings for the options you define in the power up file, but the current settings for all other options.By default, there is no power_up application file on the receiver. To use a power up application file, you must create and save a power_up application file in the GPS Configurator software. If you save this file to disk, the file is called power_up.cfg. The extension .cfg is used, by convention, to identify application files on the office computer. When you transfer this file to the receiver, the file is saved on the receiver as power_up, and becomes the new power up file.Applying application filesAn application file’s settings do not affect the receiver’s configuration until you apply the application file. You can do this at the same time that you save the file. Alternatively, you can save the file on the computer or on the receiver, then open it later and apply its settings.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 61

3 Rover Setup and OperationStoring application filesYou can store application files that you create in the GPS Configurator software on the receiver and on the computer. For example, each file can represent a different user sharing the same receiver, or a particular mode of operation. Saving application files on your computer as well as in your receiver is optional, but it is useful because: lit gives you a permanent copy of the settings you have sent to a receiver, for audit purposes or for your own reference. lyou can use the same file to configure multiple receivers identically. lyou can use an existing application file as a template to create other application files with similar settings.Naming application filesThe application filename in the office computer and in the receiver are always the same. This makes it easier to recognize and keep track of your application files.When you change the name of the application file in the receiver, this changes the application filename on your computer. When you transfer an application file from the receiver and save it to the computer, the system renames the file to match the internal receiver file. However, if you use Windows Explorer, for example, to change the .cfg filename on the computer, this does not change the internal receiver filename. This means that the GNSS receiver will not recognize the change to the filename on the computer.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 62

3 Rover Setup and OperationConfiguring the receiver to use specific settings when it is turned onThe power up application file (Power_up.cfg) is used to set the receiver to a specific configuration any time the unit is turned on.In this file, you can select to reset the receiver to defaults before the power up settings are applied. This ensures that when you restart the receiver, it always resets to factory defaults before applying the power up application file.Alternatively, you can specify that the power up settings are applied immediately after the current application file’s settings have been applied. Restarting the receiver results in a configuration that uses your default settings for the options you define in the power up file, but the current settings for all other options.By default, there is no power_up application file on the receiver. To use a power up application file, you must create and save a power_up application file in the GPS Configurator software. If you save this file to disk, the file is called power_up.cfg. The extension .cfg is used, by convention, to identify application files on the office computer. When you transfer this file to the receiver, the file is saved on the receiver as power_up, and becomes the new power up file.Transferring files directly from the receiverData is stored in the internal flash memory. To transfer files between the receiver and an office computer, use one of the following methods. lLemo (Port 1) to traditional serial port and the Trimble Business Center. lLemo (Port 2) to USB PC connection (Trimble R10 GNSS receiver appears as a Trimble data external drive). lLemo (Port 2) to USB field data cable (transfer to USB flash memory stick and then plug flash memory stick into PC). lConnect via Wi-Fi to the receiver's Web UI, then use the Datalogging menu to navigate to the receiver's file directory. Select the files to download to a directory on your PC, and the file format you want to download the data in (for example, RINEX). Deleting files in the receiverYou can delete files stored in the receiver at any time. Do one of the following: lPress for 30 seconds after the receiver is turned on. (When you use this method, all data is deleted.) lUse the web interface (Data Logging menu).Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 63

4 The WinFlash UtilityIn this chapter: nThe WinFlash utility nUpgrading the receiver firmware nAdding frequencies for the 450 MHz internal radio using the WinFlash utility nConfiguring the internal transceiver nConfiguring a PC USB port as a virtual serial port Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 644CHAPTER

4 The WinFlash UtilityThe WinFlash utilityThe WinFlash utility communicates with Trimble products to perform various functions including: linstalling software, firmware, and option upgrades lrunning diagnostics (for example, retrieving configuration information) lconfiguring radiosNote – The WinFlash utility runs on Windows 2000, XP, Windows Vista®, and Windows 7 operating systems.Installing the WinFlash utilityYou can download and install the WinFlash utility from the Trimble website by downloading the latest receiver firmware. The latest firmware is available in the Support area under R10 Downloads.Note – If your computer or laptop only has USB ports, then you must set up a virtual serial port. See Configuring a PC USB port as a virtual serial port, page 70.To install the WinFlash utility from the web: 1. Click the link for the latest firmware. 2. When prompted, select Run to install WinFlash.The Winflash Installation Setup application appears. 3. Follow the on-screen instructions.Note – The WinFlash utility guides you through the firmware upgrade process. For more information, refer to the WinFlash Help.Upgrading the receiver firmwareYour receiver is supplied with the latest version of the receiver firmware already installed. If a later version of the firmware becomes available, you can use the WinFlash utility to upgrade the firmware on your receiver as long as your receiver has a current warranty.You can use Wi-Fi to upgrade the firmware for your receiver using the web browser. Whenever Trimble releases new firmware your receiver will check and display the new firmware version number in the Web browser. You can then decide to install the newer firmware from the Web browser.Firmware updates are available to download from the Trimble website. Go to agpartners.trimble.com. Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 65

4 The WinFlash UtilityTo upgrade the firmware using WinFlash 1. Start the WinFlash utility. The Device Configuration screen appears. 2. From the Device type list, select the receiver. 3. From the PC serial port field, select the serial (COM) or USB port on the computer that the receiver is connected to. 4. Click Next. The Operation Selection screen appears. The Operations list shows all of the supported operations for the selected device. A description of the selected operation is shown in the Description field. 5. Select Load GPS software and then click Next.The GPS Software Selection window appears. This screen prompts you to select the software that you want to install on the receiver. 6. From the Available Software list, select the latest version and then click Next.The Settings Review window appears. This screen prompts you to connect the receiver, suggests a connection method and then lists the receiver configuration and selected operation. 7. If all is correct, click Finish.Based on your selections, the Software Upgrade window appears and shows the status of the operation, for example, Establishing communication with <your receiver>. Please wait. 8. Click OK.The Software Upgrade window appears again with a message that the operation was completed successfully. 9. To select another operation, click Menu; to quit the WinFlash utility, click Exit.If you click Exit, the system prompts you to confirm. 10. Click OK.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 66

4 The WinFlash UtilityAdding frequencies for the 450 MHz internal radio using the WinFlash utilityIf your receiver has the optional internal radio installed, you can use the WinFlash utility to add receiving frequencies to the default list. You can also use the web interface to add and manage receiver 450 MHz frequencies.If you purchase a transmit upgrade (after initial purchase), the broadcast frequencies must be programmed using a .set file obtained from a Trimble service provider. 1. Start the WinFlash utility. The Device Configuration screen appears. 2. From the Device type list, select the receiver. 3. From the PC serial port field, select the serial (COM) port or USB port on the computer that the receiver is connected to. 4. Click Next. The Operation Selection screen appears. The Operations list shows all of the supported operations for the selected device. A description of the selected operation is shown in the Description field. 5. Select Configure Radio and then click Next.The Frequency Selection dialog appears. 6. In the Wireless Format group, select the appropriate channel and wireless mode. The wireless mode must be the same for all radios in your network. 7. In the Specify Frequency field, enter the frequency you require. 8. Click Add. The new frequency appears in the Selected Frequencies list. Note – The frequencies that you program must conform to the channel spacing and minimum tuning requirements for the radio. To view this information, click Radio Info. You may select either 12.5 or 25 kHz channel spacing. All radios in your network must use the same channel spacing. 9. When you have configured all the frequencies you require, click OK.The WinFlash utility updates the receiver radio frequencies and then restarts the receiver.Note – You can only configure receive frequencies. The FCC-approved transmit frequencies must be specified and configured by Trimble.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 67

4 The WinFlash UtilityConfiguring the internal transceiverUse the WinFlash utility Internal Transceiver Configuration dialog to configure the internal transceiver.Tip – To view a list of all radio information, including the current configuration, click Radio Info. 1. In the Internal Transceiver Configuration dialog, select the current channel. This determines the radio operating frequency. 2. Select the wireless mode, which determines the over-the-air communications parameters.To reduce battery consumption on your base receiver, set the wireless mode as high as possible. For example, 9600 bps (bits per second) consumes half the power of 4800 bps for the same data format and time of operation.Note – All radios in the network must be configured with the same wireless setting. 3. Select the appropriate operating mode, depending on how you intend to use the receiver. For example, select "Base with No Repeaters". 4. For base modes only, select one of the following channel-sharing configurations: (this is not available for rover modes) l lOff. The carrier detect mode is off. The unit will ignore other transmissions on your frequency and continue to transmit data.Note – It may be illegal in your country of use to set channel sharing to off. You may be subject to penalties or fines based upon the specific licensing requirements of your country of use. Please consult your radio license documentation or licensing agency for operational guidelines. lAvoid Weak Signals. The carrier detect mode is on. The radio will cease transmitting if it detects another radio transmission on its frequency. It will resume transmission when the channel is free of radio traffic. lAvoid Strong Signals. The carrier detect mode is on, but the radio will stop transmitting only when there is a strong signal present (receive level greater than 90 dBm). 5. If you are operating in base mode, select the Enable Station ID check box and then enter your call sign in the Call Sign field. This FCC requirement is for U.S. licensed users. It sets your radio to transmit your call sign in Morse code every 15 minutes. 6. To update the configuration, click OK.In the Status dialog that appears, select an option to return to the main menu or to exit the WinFlash utility. Tip – You can print or save the radio configuration information for future reference. If required, you can fax or email the file to Trimble Support to aid in troubleshooting radio issues.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 68

4 The WinFlash UtilityUpdating the frequency listYou can program the internal transceiver modem with a list of up to 20 frequencies, which are stored in non-volatile memory. This list is pre-configured based on the frequencies that you requested when you ordered the unit. Government regulations stipulate that only manufacturers or authorized dealers can create this frequency list and that all frequencies programmed into a unit must comply with the host country regulations. If you need to add, delete, or replace frequencies, contact your Trimble dealer, and provide the radio modem serial number and an updated list of the frequencies you require. Once you receive the frequency file, you can upgrade the radio using the WinFlash utility.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 69

$4 The WinFlash UtilityConfiguring a PC USB port as a virtual serial portIt is possible to use the USB interface from a Trimble R10 GNSS receiver with a software application that requires a serial port.For example, the Trimble WinFlash utility can be run on a computer that has no physical serial port by connecting the USB cable between the computer and the receiver.Windows 7 Professional operating system 1. The simplest way to install the virtual serial port for the USB interface to the receiver is to go to the Trimble Support website (www.trimble.com/support) and search for the Trimble R10 GNSS receiver. In the Downloads section, download the file called Windows7 USB Installer to your computer.This file contains a Support Note and installation program. 2. Run the installation program. It will load the virtual serial port for the USB interface on your computer.Note – If you have installed the Trimble WinFlash utility (www.trimble.com/support) on your computer, then another way to install the virtual serial port for the USB interface is to run the USB Installer program, which is located in C:\Program Files\Common Files\Trimble\USBDriver.If this process does not work for your computer, or if you have a different Windows operating system on your computer, then follow the procedure below.Windows Vista and Windows 7 operating system 1. Go to the Trimble Support website (www.trimble.com/support) and search for the receiver you have. In the Support Notes section, download the file called R10 GNSS Interface to a Virtual COM port on a Computer to your computer. 2. Open the file and place the trmbUsb.inf file in a temporary folder on your computer. 3. On the computer, select Control Panel / Device Manager. 4. Click on the name of the computer and then from the Action menu, select Add Legacy Driver. 5. A wizard prompts you to locate the TrimbleUsb.inf file. Locate the file and then follow the prompts in the wizard to continue.Windows XP operating system 1. Go to the Trimble Support website (www.trimble.com/support) and search for the Trimble R10 GNSS receiver. In the Support Notes section, download the file called R10 GNSS Interface to a Virtual COM port on a Computer to your computer. 2. Open the file and place the trimble.Usb.INF file in a temporary folder on your computer. 3. Turn on the receiver and then connect the USB cable to the computer. The New Hardware Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 70$

$4 The WinFlash Utilitywizard appears. 4. Select the No, not this time option and then click Next. 5. A dialog prompts you to specify the location of the USBSer.sys file. For example, C:\Windows\System32\Drivers. 6. On some computers you may need to repeat Step 4 for the TrimbleUsb.inf file. 7. Check that the receiver is available for use. Go to the Device Manager menu on the computer. The receiver should appear in the Ports list.Note – If you are running an application such as WinFlash software on the computer and you physically disconnect the USB cable from the computer and then reconnect it, it does not always re-establish the connection. This is because opening the serial port from the application locks the device handle and when the USB device is disconnected, the application does not close the serial port and the device handle is still locked. On reconnecting, the USB cable is unable to get the device handle since it is locked. You must close the application before the reconnect to the port will work. This limitation is due to the behavior of the Microsoft USB serial driver.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 71$

5 TroubleshootingIn this chapter: nTroubleshooting receiver issues nTroubleshooting LED conditions nTroubleshooting base station setup and static measurement problems Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 725CHAPTER

5 TroubleshootingTroubleshooting receiver issuesThis section describes some possible receiver issues, possible causes, and how to solve them. Please read this section before you contact Technical Support.The receiver does not turn onPossible cause SolutionExternal power is too low.Check the charge on the external power supply, and check the fuse if applicable. If required, replace the battery.Internal power is too low.Do the following: lCheck the charge on the internal batteries and replace if required. lEnsure battery contacts are clean.External power is not properly connected.Do the following: lCheck that the Lemo connection is seated properly. lCheck for broken or bent pins in the connector.Faulty external power cable.Do the following: lTry a different cable. lCheck pinouts with multimeter to ensure internal wiring is intact.The receiver is not tracking any satellites Possible cause SolutionThe GNSS antenna does not have clear line of sight to the sky.Ensure that the antenna has a clear line of sight.The receiver does not log dataPossible cause SolutionInsufficient memory in the internal memory.Delete old files. Press the Power button for 30 seconds.The receiver is not responding Possible cause SolutionThe receiver needs a soft reset.Turn off the receiver and then turn it back on again. For more information, see Button and LED operations, page 26Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 73

5 TroubleshootingPossible cause SolutionThe receiver needs a full reset.Press the Power button for 30 seconds. For more information, see Button and LED operations, page 26.Troubleshooting LED conditionsThe receiver has a simple display panel with LEDs to indicate the current status of the receiver. If you need more detailed information about what the receiver is doing, use a Trimble controller or access all configuration settings by connecting the receiver to your smart phone or laptop computer via Configuring the receiver using the Web User Interface (Web UI), page 54.This section describes how the LED lights are used on the receiver to indicate current status. An LED that is flashing quickly indicates a condition that may require attention, and an unlit LED indicates that no operation is occurring. This section describes some LED conditions, possible causes, and how to solve them.The SV Tracking LED is lit solidly and the Logging/Memory LED is flashing slowly Possible cause SolutionThe receiver is in Monitor mode, ready for new firmware to be loaded or new options to be added.Turn on or turn off the receiver. If that does not fix the problem, load the latest version of the firmware, which you can download from the Trimble website (www.trimble.com/support.shtml / <product> / Downloads). The SV Tracking LED is not flashing Possible cause SolutionThe receiver is tracking fewer than four satellites.Wait until the SV Tracking LED is flashing slowly. Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 74

5 TroubleshootingTroubleshooting base station setup and static measurement problemsThis section describes some possible station setup and static measurement issues, possible causes, and how to solve them.Trimble recommends that you use the Trimble Access software to restart or configure base and rover receivers. The Trimble Access software sets up all radio and receiver operating parameters, and is the most likely route to a successful problem resolution once you have checked all connections, cables, and batteries.The roving receiver is not receiving radio from the base station Possible cause SolutionThe base station is not broadcasting.See "Base station is not broadcasting" below. Incorrect over air baud rates between base station and rover.Connect to the roving receiver's radio and make sure that it has the same setting as the base station receiver.Mismatched channel or network number selection.Match the base station and rover radio channels/network number and try again.Incorrect port settings between the rover external radio and receiver.If the radio is receiving data (the Radio LED is flashing) and the receiver is not receiving data, check the port settings of the receiver and radio using the Trimble Access software; match the settings and try again.The base station is not broadcasting Possible cause SolutionPort settings between base receiver and external radio are incorrect. Note – The Trimble R10 GNSS receiver has the option for an integrated Tx radio that allows it to be used without an external radio at the base and rover location. The receiver can also be connected to an external high power radio in certain countries.Use Trimble Access software to connect to the radio through the receiver. If no connection is made, connect directly to the radio and change the port settings. Try to connect through the receiver again to ensure that they are communicating. Note – Trimble Access software does not support direct connection to the external radio; it only allows configuration through the receiver. Faulty cable between receiver and external radio. Do one of the following: lTry a different cable lExamine the ports for missing pins lUse a multimeter to check the pinsTrimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 75

6 Output MessagesIn this chapter: nNMEA-0183 messages: Overview nNMEA-0183 messages: Common message elements nGSOF Messages: Overview nGSOF messages: General Serial Output Format nGSOF messages: Reading binary values (Motorola format) nLogin authentication Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 766CHAPTER

6 Output MessagesNMEA-0183 messages: OverviewWhen NMEA-0183 output is enabled, a subset of NMEA-0183 messages can be output to external instruments and equipment connected to the receiver serial ports. These NMEA-0183 messages let external devices use selected data collected or computed by the GNSS receiver.All messages conform to the NMEA-0183 version 3.01 format. All begin with $ and end with a carriage return and a line feed. Data fields follow comma (,) delimiters and are variable in length. Null fields still follow comma (,) delimiters, but contain no information.An asterisk (*) delimiter and checksum value follow the last field of data contained in an NMEA-0183 message. The checksum is the 8-bit exclusive of all characters in the message, including the commas between fields, but not including the $ and asterisk delimiters. The hexadecimal result is converted to two ASCII characters (0–9, A–F). The most significant character appears first.The following table summarizes the set of NMEA messages supported by the receiver, and shows the page that contains detailed information about each message.Message FunctionDTM Datum reference informationGBS GNSS satellite fault detection (RAIM support)GGA Time, position, and fix related dataGLL Position data: position fix, time of position fix, and statusGNS GNS Fix dataGRS GRS range residualsGSA GPS DOP and active satellitesGST Position error statisticsGSV Number of SVs in view, PRN, elevation, azimuth, and SNRHDT Heading from True NorthLLQ Leica local position and qualityPFUGDP A proprietary message containing information about the type of positioning system, position, number of satellites and position statisticsPTNL,AVR Time, yaw, tilt, range, mode, PDOP, and number of SVs for Moving Baseline RTKPTNL,BPQ Base station position and position quality indicatorPTNL,DG L-band corrections and beacon signal strength and related informationPTNL,GGK Time, position, position type, and DOP valuesPTNL,PJK Time, position, position type, and DOP valuesPTNL,PJT Projection typePTNL,VGK Time, locator vector, type, and DOP valuesPTNL,VHD Heading InformationRMC Position, Velocity, and TimeROT Rate of turnVTG Actual track made good and speed over groundZDA UTC day, month, and year, and local time zone offsetTrimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 77

6 Output MessagesTo enable or disable the output of individual NMEA messages, do one of the following: lCreate an application file in the Configuration Toolbox software that contains NMEA output settings and then send the file to the receiver. lAdd NMEA outputs in the Serial outputs tab of the GPS Configurator software and then apply the settings. For a copy of the NMEA-0183 Standard, go to the National Marine Electronics Association website at www.nmea.org.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 78

$6 Output MessagesNMEA-0183 messages: Common message elements Each message contains: la message ID consisting of $GP followed by the message type. For example, the message ID of the GGA message is $GPGGA. la comma. la number of fields, depending on the message type, separated by commas. lan asterisk. la checksum value.The following example shows a simple message with a message ID ($GPGGA), followed by 13 fields and a checksum value:$GPGGA,172814.0,3723.46587704,N,12202.26957864,W,2,6,1.2,18.893,M,-25.669,M,2.0,0031*4FMessage valuesNMEA messages that the receiver generates contains the following values:Value DescriptionLatitude and LongitudeLatitude is represented as ddmm.mmmm and longitude is represented as dddmm.mmmm, where: ldd or ddd is degrees lmm.mmmm is minutes and decimal fractions of minutesDirection Direction (north, south, east, or west) is represented by a single character: N , S , E , or W.Time Time values are presented in Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) and are represented as hhmmss.ss, where: lhh is hours, from 00 through 23 lmm is minutes lss.ss is seconds with variable length decimal-fraction of secondsTrimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 79$

6 Output MessagesGSOF Messages: OverviewThese topics provides information on the General Serial Output Format (GSOF) messages. GSOF messages are a Trimble proprietary format and can be used to send information such as position and status to a third-party device.This table summarizes the GSOF messages that the receiver supports. When GSOF output is enabled, the following messages can be generated: Message FunctionAttitude Info Attitude infoBase Position and Quality Base station position and its qualityBattery/Memory Info Receiver battery and memory statusBrief SV Info GPS SV Brief infoCurrent Time UTC Current UTC timeDelta ECEF Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed Delta positionDetail SV Info GPS SV Detailed infoDOP Info PDOP infoLat, Long, Ht Latitude, longitude, heightLocal ENU Local zone north, east, and height - projection/calibration basedLocal LLH Local datum positionPosition Sigma Position sigma infoPosition Time Position timeTPlane ENU Tangent Plane DeltaVelocity Velocity dataECEF Position ECEF PositionMultiple Page Detail All SV Multiple Page All SV Detailed InfoFor information on how to output GSOF messages, see Configuring the receiver, page 54.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 80

6 Output MessagesGSOF messages: General Serial Output FormatReport packet 40h structure (GENOUT)Byte Item Type Value Meaning0 STX Char 02h Start transmission1 STATUS Char See Receiver status code Receiver status code2 PACKET TYPE Char 40h Report Packet 40h (GENOUT)3 LENGTH Char 00h–FAh Data byte count4 TRANSMISSION NUMBERChar Unique number assigned to a group of record packet pages. Prevents page mismatches when multiple sets of record packets exist in output stream.5 PAGE INDEX Char 00h–FFh Index of current packet page.6 MAX PAGE INDEX Char 00h–FFh Maximum index of last packet in one group of records.One or more GSOF messages Output record typeChar 01h For example, Time (Type 1 Record) Record length Char 0Ah Bytes in recordVarious fields depending on Output record type.There can be various records in one GENOUT packet. There could be multiple GENOUT packets per epoch. Records may be split over two consecutive packets.Length + 4CHECKSUM – – (Status + type + length + data bytes) modulo 256Length + 5ETX 03h End transmissionEach message begins with a 4-byte header, followed by the bytes of data in each packet. The packet ends with a 2-byte trailer. Byte 3 is set to 0 (00h) when the packet contains no data. Most data is transmitted between the receiver and remote device in binary format.Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 81

6 Output MessagesReceiver Status codeByte numberDescriptionBit 0 ReservedBit 1 If set, low battery at the base stationBit 2 ReservedBit 3 If set, receiver's kinematic state is currently set to 'Roving', otherwise 'static'Bit 4–7 ReservedTrimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 82

$6 Output MessagesGSOF messages: Reading binary values (Motorola format)The receivers store numbers in Motorola format. The byte order of these numbers is the opposite of what personal computers (Intel format) expect. To supply or interpret binary numbers (8-byte DOUBLES, 4-byte LONGS, and 2-byte INTEGERS), the byte order of these values must be reversed. This section contains a detailed description of the Motorola format.INTEGER data typesThe INTEGER data types (CHAR, SHORT, and LONG) can be signed or unsigned. By default, they are unsigned. All integer data types use two’s complement representation. The following table lists the integer data types:Type # of bits Range of values (Signed) UnsignedChar 8 -128 to 127 0 to 255Short 16 -32768 to 32767 0 to 65535Long 32 –2147483648 to 2147483647 0 to 4294967295FLOATING-POINT data typesFloating-point data types are stored in the IEEE SINGLE and DOUBLE precision formats. Both formats have a sign bit field, an exponent field, and a fraction field. The fields represent floating-point numbers in the following manner:Floating-Point Number = <sign> 1.<fraction field> x 2(<exponent field> - bias)Sign bit fieldThe sign bit field is the most significant bit of the floating-point number. The sign bit is 0 for positive numbers and 1 for negative numbers.Fraction fieldThe fraction field contains the fractional part of a normalized number. Normalized numbers are greater than or equal to 1 and less than 2. Since all normalized numbers are of the form 1.XXXXXXXX, the 1 becomes implicit and is not stored in memory. The bits in the fraction field are the bits to the right of the binary point, and they represent negative powers of 2.For example:0.011 (binary) = 2-2 + 2-3 = 0.25 + 0.125 = 0.375Exponent fieldThe exponent field contains a biased exponent; that is, a constant bias is subtracted from the number in the exponent field to yield the actual exponent. (The bias makes negative exponents possible.)Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 83$

$6 Output MessagesIf both the exponent field and the fraction field are zero, the floating-point number is zero.NaNA NaN (Not a Number) is a special value that is used when the result of an operation is undefined. For example, adding positive infinity to negative infinity results in a NaN.FLOAT data typeThe FLOAT data type is stored in the IEEE single-precision format which is 32 bits long. The most significant bit is the sign bit, the next 8 most significant bits are the exponent field, and the remaining 23 bits are the fraction field. The bias of the exponent is 127. The range of single-precision format values is from 1.18 x 10–38 to 3.4 x 1038. The floating-point number is precise to 6 decimal digits.0 000 0000 0 000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 = 0.00 011 1111 1 000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 = 1.01 011 1111 1 011 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 = -1.3751 111 1111 1 111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 = NaNDOUBLEThe DOUBLE data type is stored in the IEEE double-precision format which is 64 bits long. The most significant bit is the sign bit, the next 11 most significant bits are the exponent field, and the remaining 52 bits are the fractional field. The bias of the exponent is 1023. The range of single precision format values is from 2.23 × 10–308 to 1.8 × 10308. The floating-point number is precise to 15 decimal digits.0 000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ... 0000 0000 0000 = 0.00 011 1111 1111 0000 0000 ... 0000 0000 0000 = 1.01 011 1111 1110 0110 0000 ... 0000 0000 0000 = -0.68751 111 1111 1111 1111 1111 ... 1111 1111 1111 = NaN Trimble R10 GNSS Receiver User Guide 84$