Trimble 9414-450 GPS Data Transciever User Manual

Trimble Navigation Ltd GPS Data Transciever

UserManual.wiki >

Trimble >

9414-450 User Manual >

User Manual HTML Version

1. Operations Manual
2. User Manual

User Manual

TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem

User Guide

Part Number: 44104-10

Revision: B

Date: March 29, 2002

Trimble Navigation Limited

Surveying & Mapping Division

645 North Mary Avenue

Post Office Box 3642

Sunnyvale, CA 94088-3642

U.S.A.

1-800-827-8000 in North America

+1-408-481-8000 International

Fax: +1-408-481-7744

www.trimble.com

Trimble Navigation Europe Limited

Trimble House, Meridian Office Park

Osborn Way, Hook

Hampshire RG27 9HX

ENGLAND

+44-1256-760-150

Fax: +44-1256-760-148

Voicemail: +44-1256-761-130

Trimble Navigation Singapore PTE Limited

79 Anson Road

# 05-02

Singapore 079906

SINGAPORE

+65-325-5668

Fax: +65-225-9989

Voicemail: +65-325-5668

Trimble Japan K.K.

Sumitomo Hamamatsu-cho, Building 10F

1-18-16 Hamamatsu-cho Minato-ku

Tokyo 105

JAPAN

+81-3-5472-0880

Fax: +81-3-5472-2326

Trimble Navigation New Zealand Limited

11 Birmingham Drive

P.O. Box 8729 Riccarton

Christchurch

NEW ZEALAND

+64-3-339-1400

Fax: +64-3-339-1417

copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-

readable form without prior written consent from Trimble Navigation Limited.

Printed in the United States of America. Printed on recycled paper.

Revision Notice

This is the second release (Revision B) of the TRIMMARK 3 User Guide, part number 44104-

10.

Trademarks

TRIMTALK 450S, TRIMTALK 900, RTK, OSM2, 4000Si, 4000SSi, 4600LS, 4700, 4800,

7400MSi, Sitenet 450, and GPS Total Station are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited.

IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines, Inc. MS-DOS and

Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Intel is a trademark of Intel Corporation.

All other brand names are trademarks of their respective holders.

Notices

Safety. Exposure to RF energy is an important safety consideration. The FCC has adopted a

safety standard for human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC

regulated equipment as a result of its actions in General Docket 79-144 on March 13, 1986.

Proper use of this radio modem results in exposure below government limits. The following

precautions are recommended:

DO NOT operate the transmitter when someone is within two feet (0.6 meter) of the antenna.

DO NOT operate the transmitter unless all RF connectors are secure and any open connectors

are properly terminated.

DO NOT operate the equipment near electrical blasting caps or in an explosive atmosphere.

All equipment must be properly grounded according to Trimble installation instructions for

safe operation.

All equipment should be serviced only by a qualified technician.

Class A Computing Device—Information to User. This equipment has been tested and

found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC

Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference

when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses,

and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the

instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this

equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user

will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

Prior to operating these radio modems, users are legally required to obtain frequency

licenses, as required by the country-of-use. Please contact your local communications

governing agency for the licensing requirements for each of these radio modems.

Disclaimer of Warranty

EXCEPT AS INDICATED IN “LIMITED WARRANTY” HEREIN, TRIMBLE HARDWARE, SOFTWARE,

FIRMWARE AND DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND WITHOUT EXPRESS OR LIMITED

WARRANTY OF ANY KIND BY EITHER TRIMBLE NAVIGATION LIMITED OR ANYONE WHO HAS

BEEN INVOLVED IN ITS CREATION, PRODUCTION, OR DISTRIBUTION INCLUDING BUT NOT

LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR

PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK, AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE TRIMBLE

HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, FIRMWARE AND DOCUMENTATION, IS WITH YOU. SOME STATES DO

NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO THE ABOVE EXCLUSION MAY NOT

APPLY TO YOU.

Limitation of Liability

IN NO EVENT WILL TRIMBLE OR ANY PERSON INVOLVED IN THE CREATION, PRODUCTION, OR

DISTRIBUTION OF THE TRIMBLE PRODUCT BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ACCOUNT OF ANY CLAIM FOR

ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY LOST PROFITS, LOST SAVINGS, OR OTHER SPECIAL,

INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO

ANY DAMAGES ASSESSED AGAINST OR PAID BY YOU TO ANY THIRD PARTY, RISING OUT OF THE

USE, LIABILITY TO USE, QUALITY OR PERFORMANCE OF SUCH TRIMBLE PRODUCT INCLUDING

HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, FIRMWARE AND DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF TRIMBLE OR ANY SUCH

PERSON OR ENTITY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGES, OR FOR ANY CLAIM

BY ANY OTHER PARTY. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF

LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY

NOT APPLY TO YOU.

Software and Firmware Limited Warranty

Trimble Navigation Limited warrants that Software and Firmware products will substantially

conform to the published specifications provided it is used with the Trimble products,

computer products, and operating system for which it was designed. For a period of ninety (90)

days, commencing thirty (30) days after shipment from Trimble, Trimble also warrants that the

magnetic media on which Software and Firmware are distributed and the documentation are

free from defects in materials and workmanship. During the ninety (90) day warranty period,

Trimble will replace defective media or documentation, or correct substantial program errors at

no charge. If Trimble is unable to replace defective media or documentation, or correct

program errors, Trimble will refund the price paid for The Software. These are your sole

remedies for any breach in warranty.

Hardware Limited Warranty

Trimble Navigation Limited products are warranted against defects in material and

workmanship for a period of one year. The warranty period shall commence thirty (30) days

after shipment from Trimble’s factory. Warranty service will be provided at a designated

Trimble Service Center. Trimble will at its option either repair or replace products that prove to

be defective. The Customer shall pay all shipping charges for products returned to Trimble for

warranty service. Trimble shall pay all shipping charges for the return of products to the

Customer.

The above warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from:

1. Improper or inadequate maintenance by the buyer

2. Buyer-supplied software or interfacing

3. Unauthorized modification or misuse

4. Operation outside of the environmental specifications of the product

5. Improper installation, where applicable

6. Lightning or other electrical discharge

7. Fresh or salt water immersion or spray

8. Normal wear and tear on consumable parts (for example, batteries)

No other warranty is expressed or implied. Trimble Navigation Limited specifically disclaims

the implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose and merchantability.

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide vii

Preface

Welcome to the TRIMMARK™ 3 User Guide. This manual describes

the TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem for use in real-time differential and

real-time kinematic GPS applications. The radio modem, when used

with a Trimble rover GPS receiver with an internal radio modem,

provides a high-speed wireless data link between base and rover GPS

receivers.

Scope and Audience

We recommend that you spend some time reading this manual. The

following section provides you with a guide to this manual, as well as

to other documentation you have received with this product.

Organization

This manual contains the following chapters and appendices:

•Chapter 1, Overview - provides a brief overview and physical

description of the TRIMMARK 3 radio modem.

•Chapter 2, Operation - contains configuration and installation

instructions for the TRIMMARK 3 radio modem.

viii TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Preface

•Chapter 3, Characteristics and Specifications - summarizes

performance characteristics and specifications of the

TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem and Antennas.

•Chapter 4, Troubleshooting - radio status messages and

troubleshooting tips.

•Chapter 5, Regulations and Safety - contains regulation and

safety information.

•Appendix A, Using Radio Communications Systems with

GPS Surveying Receivers - general information on the use of

with GPS.

Related Information

This manual contains system-wide, general information on the

TRIMMARK 3 radio modem. Other sources of information are

discussed in the following sections.

Update Notes

You will find a Warranty Activation Sheet with your TRIMMARK 3

radio modem. By sending in your Warranty Activation Sheet, you are

automatically sent update notes as they become available. When you

receive these packages, read them. They contain important

information about software and hardware changes. Contact your

local Trimble Dealer for more information about support agreement

contracts for software and firmware, and extended warranty programs

for hardware.

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide ix

Preface

Other Information

This section lists sources that provide other useful information.

World Wide Web (WWW) Site

For more information about Trimble, visit our site on the World Wide

Web:

• www.trimble.com

x TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Preface

Technical Assistance

If you have a problem and cannot find the information you need in the

product documentation, contact your local Trimble dealer.

Alternatively, request technical support using the Trimble World

Wide Web site:

•www.trimble.com/support/support.htm.

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide xi

Preface

Document Conventions

Italics identify software menus, menu commands, dialog boxes, and

the dialog box fields.

SMALL CAPITALS identify DOS commands, directories, filenames,

and filename extensions.

Courier represents messages printed on the screen.

Courier Bold represents information that you must type in a

software screen or window.

Helvetica Bold identifies a software command button.

[Ctrl] is an example of a hardware function key that you must press

on a personal computer (PC). If you must press more than one of

these at the same time, this is represented by a plus sign, for example,

[Ctrl] + [C].

xii TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Preface

Warnings, Cautions, Notes, and Tips

Warnings, cautions, notes, and tips draw attention to important

information and indicate its nature and purpose.

0Warning – Warnings alert you to situations that could cause personal injury

or unrecoverable data loss.

,Caution – Cautions alert you to situations that could cause hardware

damage or software error.

Note – Notes give additional significant information about the subject to

increase your knowledge, or guide your actions.

)Tip – Tips indicate a shortcut or other time- or labor-saving hint that can

help you make better use of the product.

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide xiii

List of Figures

Figure 1-1 TRIMMARK 3 Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

Figure 1-2 TRIMMARK 3 Rear Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

Figure 2-1 WinFLASH Main Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Figure 2-2 WinFLASH Operation Selection Window . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Figure 2-3 WinFLASH Configuration Window . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Figure 2-4 Standard UHF Omnidirectional Antennas . . . . . . . . . 2-14

Figure 2-5 Directional Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

Figure 3-1 Omnidirectional Antenna Gain Patterns. . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Figure 3-2 Directional Antenna Gain Patterns. . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

xiv TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide xv

List of Tables

Table 1-1 TRIMMARK 3 Menu Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

Table 2-1 Repeater Use in Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

Table 3-1 TRIMMARK 3 Physical Specifications. . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Table 3-2 Antenna Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Table 3-3 Performance Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Table A-1 RF Bands to Avoid When Using GPS Surveying Receivers . . A-3

xvi TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide xvii

Table of Contents

Preface

Scope and Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii

Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii

Related Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viii

Update Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viii

Other Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix

World Wide Web (WWW) Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix

Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x

Document Conventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi

Warnings, Cautions, Notes, and Tips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xii

1 Overview

1.1 Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1

1.2 Use and Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

1.3 Equipment Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

TRIMMARK 3 Radio Only Equipment Set. . . . . . . .1-3

TRIMMARK 3 Repeater Equipment Set . . . . . . . . .1-3

TRIMMARK 3 Base Equipment Set . . . . . . . . . . .1-4

1.4 Optional Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5

1.5 TRIMMARK 3 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5

1.5.1 Power and I/O Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-9

1.5.2 Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-9

1.6 Standard Omnidirectional Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10

xviii TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

2 Operation

2.1 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1

2.1.1 Configuring the Serial I/O Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1

Connecting to a Computer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2

2.1.2 Getting Started with WinFLASH . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

2.1.3 Frequency Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7

2.1.4 Firmware Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8

2.2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9

2.2.1 TRIMMARK 3 Base/Repeater . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9

Installation as a Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10

Installation as a Repeater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-11

2.2.2 Antenna Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13

Line of Sight Obstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13

OmniDirectional Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13

Directional Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-15

3 Characteristics and Specifications

3.1 Antenna Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1

3.1.1 Omnidirectional Antennas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1

3.1.2 Directional Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4

3.2 Broadcast Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6

3.2.1 Frequency Band and Channel Selection. . . . . . . . . .3-6

3.2.2 Wireless Data Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7

3.2.3 Transmit Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7

3.3 General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8

4 Troubleshooting

4.1 Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1

4.2 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide xix

5 Regulations and Safety

5.1 Type Approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2

5.2 Licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2

5.3 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3

A Using Radio Communication Systems with GPS Surveying

Receivers

A.1 Selecting Communications Radios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2

A.2 Useful Field Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-5

A.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-6

Index

xx TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 1-1

1 Overview

The rugged TRIMMARK 3 radio modem is designed to operate in

harsh environments, such as those associated with seismic and mining

surveys. Used with a Trimble rover GPS receiver with an internal

radio modem the TRIMMARK 3 provides a convenient, versatile

means of establishing a robust wireless data broadcast network for

real-time differential and real-time kinematic GPS applications.

1.1 Features

The TRIMMARK 3 has the following standard features:

•20 channel capability

•Selectable 2, 10 and 25 Watts Transmit Power

•Narrowband UHF technology, available in three UHF bands:

(410-420 Mhz, 430-450 Mhz, 450-470 Mhz)

•Wireless data rate of 4800, 9600 or 19200 bps

•Interfaces with all Trimble survey-grade GPS receivers

•Channel Sharing (carrier detect)

•Supports up to two repeaters in a single network

•Rugged, weatherproof construction

•Two line, 16-character VFD display

•Trimble CMR and RTCM SC-104 Version 2.x compatible

1-2 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Overview 1

•Operational parameters configured through WinFLASH

utility, handheld controller or front panel.

•Configured as Base, Repeater or Rover

•Compatible with TRIMTALK 450S, TRIMMARK II & IIe,

SiteNet 450 external radios and 4700, 4800 and 5700 internal

radios

Note – As used in this manual, CMR as well as CMR Plus formats are both

represented by CMR.

1.2 Use and Care

The TRIMMARK 3 as a base or repeater is programmable in 2, 10

and 25 Watt output modes. As a rover the unit will receive only.

When the unit is configured as a base or rover it can be connected to

most Trimble survey-grade GPS receivers through a single cable for

serial I/O and a separate cable for power. When used as a repeater the

TRIMMARK 3 unit operates autonomously and requires only a

power and antenna connection, with no connection to the serial port.

To achieve line-of-sight (LOS) coverage to all points in a survey area,

a TRIMMARK 3 radio modem network can include up to two

repeaters, depending on data format and output data rate. The

repeaters retransmit data packets according to a simple time-sharing

scheme to avoid mutual interference, and their operation is

transparent to the rovers. The rovers will use the data packet from the

base or repeater, whichever the rover detects first.

The TRIMMARK 3 unit is designed to withstand rough treatment

typical of equipment used in the field. However, the unit is a precision

electronic instrument and should be treated with reasonable care. The

radio modem operates in temperatures ranging from -40°C to +65°C

(–40°F to 149°F). The enclosure is sealed and weatherproof.

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 1-3

1Overview

0Warning – Operating or storing your TRIMMARK 3 radio modem outside

the specified temperature range can damage the instrument.

1.3 Equipment Sets

The TRIMMARK 3 is available as a stand-alone product or in one of

two standard equipment sets, base or repeater. These standard

equipment sets are designed for use with GPS receivers such as the

Trimble 4700, 4800 and 5700. The equipment sets contains the

accessories required to operate the radio modems including cables,

mounts, and antennas.

TRIMMARK 3 Radio only (P/N 44100-10-xx)1

The TRIMMARK 3 Radio only configuration consists of the

following components:

•TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem (P/N 46000-xx)1

•Power Cable (P/N 40356)

•Programming Cable (P/N 32960)

•TRIMMARK 3 CD, (P/N 47085-00)

TRIMMARK 3 Repeater Equipment Set (P/N 44100-20-xx)1

The standard TRIMMARK 3 Repeater Equipment Set consists of the

following components:

•TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem (P/N 46000-xx)1

•TRIMMARK 3 Transport Case (P/N 44072-00)

•Power Cable (P/N 40356)

•Programming Cable (P/N 32960)

•TRIMMARK 3 CD (P/N 47085-00)

1-4 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Overview 1

• Mounting Pole (P/N 44091-00)

•Antenna Mounting Pole Plate (P/N 44092)

•Antenna & Pole Carry Pouch (P/N 44098-00)

•Whip Antenna Kit, 0dB/5dB (P/N 44075-xx)

(includes antenna mount and cable, P/N 22720-10)

TRIMMARK 3 Base Equipment Set (44100-30-xx)1

The standard TRIMMARK 3 Base Equipment Set consists of the

following components:

•TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem (P/N 46000-xx)1

•TRIMMARK 3 Transport Case (P/N 44072-00)

•Power Cable (P/N 40356)

•Programming Cable (P/N 32960)

•TRIMMARK 3 CD (P/N 47085-00)

•Antenna Mounting Pole (P/N 44091-00)

•Antenna Mounting Pole Plate (P/N 44092)

•Antenna & Pole Carry Pouch (P/N 44098-00)

•Whip Antenna Kit, 0dB/5dB (P/N 44075-xx)

(includes antenna mount and cable, P/N 22720-10)

•8 meter (25 foot) Data I/O Cable, (P/N 31288-08)

1xx = 42, Frequency Band is 410-420 Mhz

1xx = 44, Frequency Band is 430-450 Mhz

1xx = 46, Frequency Band is 450-470 Mhz

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 1-5

1Overview

Note – The standard base and repeater equipment sets are designed for use

with GPS receivers such as the Trimble 4700, 4800 and 5700. Contact your

local Trimble representative for information about connecting to other GPS

receivers.

1.4 Optional Accessories

The following accessories may be purchased in addition to the

standard system.

•18AH Battery with Carry Pouch (P/N 44103-18)

•Battery Charger, 18AH (P/N 44111-00)

1.5 TRIMMARK 3 Description

The TRIMMARK 3 radio modem is packaged in a weatherproof

housing. The front panel, see Figure 1-1, has a VFD display to

indicate channel frequency, radio status and error messages. There are

seven main menus available through the front panel:

•CHANNEL: Channel number and operating frequency

•MODE: Base, Repeater or Rover modes

•CHANNEL SHARING: Carrier Detect settings

•TRANSMIT POWER: 2,10 or 25 Watts

•WIRELESS MODE: Over-the-air data rate settings

•DATA PORT CONFIG: Data port baud rate settings

•DEVICE STATUS: Radio programming information

1-6 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Overview 1

The default menu on power-up is the CHANNEL menu, with the

additional menus selectable through the front panel control keys. The

front panel keys are as follows:

•SPEAKER

•UP

•DOWN

•NEXT

Figure 1-1 TRIMMARK 3 Front Panel

The SPEAKER button on right side the radio front panel controls the

volume of the received audio signal on the currently selected channel.

If traffic is present, you will hear the traffic if the volume is adjusted

high enough.

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 1-7

1Overview

The UP and DOWN buttons scroll through the various items within

the individual menus.

The NEXT button is used to browse though the various menu screens.

Table 1-1 details the main menu items and the various selections

within the main menus. Certain items displayed on the front panel

will differ according to your units settings.

Table 1-1 TRIMMARK 3 Menu Hierarchy

Note – Certain standard features may be disabled in you unit to comply with

your country-of -use regulations.

Main Menu

Menu Selection

Channel

1 461.025

2 461.075

3 461.100

4 462.125

5 462.375

(up to 20

channels)

Mode

Base w/ No Rpt

Base w/ One Rpt

Base w/ Two Rpt

Repeater 1

Repeater 2

Rover

Channel Sharing

Off

Avoid Weak Sig

Avoid Strong Sig

Transmit Power

Low Power 2 W

Med Power 10 W

High Power 25 W

Wireless Mode

TM II 4800 bps

TT450S 9600 bps

TT450S 4800 bps

TM3 19200

bps

Data Port Config

38400 8-none-1

38400 8-odd-1

9600 8-none-1

9600 8-odd-1

Devices Status

Call Sign

(On/Off)

CS: (call sign)

Ser: (unit serial #)

Ch Spacing

(12.5/25 kHz)

1-8 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Overview 1

The rear panel, see Figure 1-3, has three electrical connectors:

•POWER connector (two-pin LEMO)

•DATA connector (seven-pin LEMO, 0-shell)

•ANTENNA connector (female TNC)

•

Figure 1-2 TRIMMARK 3 Rear Panel

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 1-9

1Overview

1.5.1 Power and I/O Cables

The TRIMMARK 3 base equipment set comes with a radio to

receiver I/O cable (not provided in the repeater equipment set), an

antenna cable with integrated antenna mount, a power cable and a

configuration cable (PC to radio modem). The configuration cable

allows you to modify the radio modem configuration using the

Trimble WinFLASH utility. See figure 1-4 for the cable connection

diagram.

When configured as a base, the radio modem receives data at the

DATA connector through a single LEMO-to-LEMO cable that plugs

into a Trimble GPS receiver. When the unit is configured as a

repeater, the data connection is not required.

Power is connected to the unit at the POWER connector from a

suitable power source, either a stable DC power supply or a battery.

1.5.2 Defaults

The TRIMMARK 3 radio modem is shipped from the factory with

the following default settings.

•CHANNEL: Channel 1

•MODE: Base with No Repeater

•CHANNEL SHARING: Off

•TRANSMIT POWER: Low Power 2 Watts

•WIRELESS MODE: TMII 4800 bps

•DATA PORT CONFIG: 38400 8-None-1

•DEVICE STATUS: Call Sign Off

Note – Prior to use of your TRIMMARK 3, you should change the radio

settings to meet your specific requirements using the WinFLASH utility

provided on the TRIMMARK 3 CD. Please refer to Chapter 2 for

installation and configuration information.

1-10 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Overview 1

1.6 Standard Omnidirectional Antennas

Each radio modem, when purchased as part of a base or repeater

equipment set, is supplied with a standard omnidirectional antenna.

The omnidirectional antenna provided is a 5dB gain UHF antenna

with an interchangeable 0dB tip.This antenna can be used with a unit

configured as a base or repeater. The antenna threads onto an

integrated antenna mount and cable. The integrated antenna mount

attaches to the antenna mounting pole on top of a tripod using a tripod

mounting plate.

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 2-1

2 Operation

The TRIMMARK 3 radio modem contains both a data modem and a

radio. It can be used in a variety of configurations to form a complete

wireless data network. A typical configuration is as a base radio

modem broadcasting directly to a Trimble 4700, 4800 or 5700 Rover

GPS receiver that contains an internal radio modem. Alternatively,

the TRIMMARK 3 may also operate as a repeater.

2.1 Configuration

Each TRIMMARK 3 radio modem comes from the factory

programmed with default settings as defined in Chapter one of this

manual. The factory default parameters are stored in nonvolatile

memory and serve as the initial power-up settings for the radio

modems. The unit retrieves the parameters stored in non-volatile

memory at each power-up. The power-up settings can be reconfigured

as often as necessary using the WinFLASH Utility. Certain

parameters may also be changed using the front panel menus

2.1.1 Configuring the Serial I/O Port

Note – The BAUD RATE, FORMAT, and CTS parameters for the GPS

receiver must be configured to properly transfer data between the receiver

and the radio modem. BAUD RATE must be set to match the maximum

serial I/O rate of the radio modem (38400 bps) and is always set to 8-NONE-

1. CTS flow control is disabled.

2-2 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Operation 2

The radio modem must be connected to a computer running

Microsoft Windows 95/98 or Windows NT to run the WinFLASH

utility. Perform the following procedures to connect the unit to your

computer, install the WinFLASH Utility under Windows, and set up

the serial I/O parameters. Alternatively, the serial port communication

parameters may be configured from the front panel in the Data Port

Config menu.

Note – Your computer must be able to support a 38400 bps serial port data

rate.

Connecting to a Computer

Connect the radio modem programming cable (P/N 32960) to the

serial COM port on the computer and the I/O port on the radio.

Connect power cable (P/N 40356) to the POWER connector from a

suitable power source.

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 2-3

2Operation

2.1.2 Getting Started with WinFLASH

WinFLASH is a communications setup utility used to configure the

TRIMMARK 3. You need Microsoft Windows 95/98/2000 or

Windows NT to run WinFLASH on your computer. Read the

README.TXT file provided on the WinFLASH diskette or use the

Microsoft Windows documentation for information on the installation

of WinFLASH and an icon on your desktop.

Using WinFLASH

To use WinFLASH, do the following:

1. Select and open the WinFLASH icon to start WinFLASH. The

WinFLASH main window will be displayed as shown in

Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1 WinFLASH Main Window

2-4 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Operation 2

2. Follow the directions in the WinFLASH window to make a

logical connection to the radio modem.

a. Select the appropriate PC serial port (COM port).

b. Select the appropriate device, TRIMMARK 3

Transceiver and Press [Next}.

The Operation Selection Window as shown in Figure 2-2

appears.

Figure 2-2 Operation Selection Window

3. Select the appropriate operation in the Operations window,

Configure TRIMMARK 3, and Press [Next].

a. The Settings Review window appears to confirm you

selected operation, Press [Finish].

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 2-5

2Operation

b. A connection status window appears, counts to 100%,

and then displays the TRIMMARK 3 configuration

menu.

When a successful connection is established, the TRIMMARK 3

Configuration window (Figure 2-3) replaces the WinFLASH window.

Figure 2-3 Configuration Window

Use the dialogs in the TRIMMARK 3 Configuration window to

modify configuration parameters.

2-6 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Operation 2

Perform the following steps to configure the TRIMMARK 3:

1. Select the appropriate operating Mode depending on intended

use, for example; Base with No Repeaters.

2. Select the appropriate RF Output Power. 2, 10 or 25 Watts.

3. Select the Channel Sharing configuration: (Base modes

only, not selectable for a Repeater or Rover)

Off: The carrier detect mode is OFF and your unit will ignore

other transmissions on your frequency and continue to

transmit data.

Note – Channel Sharing set to Off may be illegal in your country-of-use. You

may be subject to penalties or fines dependant upon the specific licensing

requirements for your country-of-use. Please consult your radio license

documentation or licensing agency for operational guidelines.

Avoid Weak Signals: The carrier detect mode is ON and the

radio will cease transmitting if it detects another radio

transmission on it’s frequency. It will resume transmission

when the channel is free of radio traffic.

Avoid Strong Signals: The carrier detect mode is ON, but the

radio will only stop transmitting when there is a strong signal

present. (Receive level >-90 dB)

4. Check the Enable Station ID box and input your Call Sign

into the box. This is a Federal Communications Commission

requirement for U.S. licensed users. This sets your radio to

transmit your Call Sign every 15 minutes in Morse Code.

5. In the Data Port dialog set the Baud Rate and Parity. This is

the communications settings between the receiver and radio.

Note – The factory default GPS Port parameters for the TRIM MARK 3 are

38400 Baud Rate with None Parity. The factory default Mode is Base with

no Repeater with Channel Sharing set to OFF.

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 2-7

2Operation

6. In the Wireless Settings dialog, select the appropriate

Current Channel, which determines the radio operating

frequency. Next, select the desired Wireless Mode, which

determines the over-the-air communications settings.

Note – All Radios in the network must be configured with the same Wireless

Mode Setting, or the radios will not communicate.

7. To update the configuration click on the [Set] button. You

will then see a Status dialog box. You may now return to the

main menu, or exit WinFLASH.

8. The [Radio Info] button allows the user to view a text listing

of all the radio information, including it’s current

configuration.

)Tip – You may print or save to file the radio configuration information for

future reference. The saved file can be printed and sent via fax or emailed to

Trimble Support to aid in troubleshooting radio problems.

2.1.3 Frequency List Updates

The TRIMMARK 3 radio modem can be programmed with a list of

up to 20 frequencies, stored in non-volatile memory. This list is

preconfigured based on the frequencies requested when the unit was

ordered. Governmental regulations require that only manufacturers or

authorized dealers can create this frequency list. All frequencies

programmed into a TRIMMARK 3 radio modem must comply with

the host country regulations.

When you need to change the frequency list (add, delete, or replace

frequencies), contact your Trimble dealer and provide the

TRIMMARK 3 radio modem’s serial number and an updated list of

the frequencies you require. Once you have been provided the

frequency file you may upgrade the radio using the WinFLASH utility.

2-8 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Operation 2

2.1.4 Firmware Updates

TRIMMARK 3 firmware upgrades will periodically be available at

the Trimble World Wide Web (www.trimble.com). The radio

firmware may also be upgraded using the WinFLASH utility program.

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 2-9

2Operation

2.2 Installation

Before setting up the equipment in the field, verify that each radio

modem is set to the same channel and wireless data rate. Also verify

that the radio modem’s Data Port settings are 38400 Baud Rate and

None Parity by using the WinFLASH utility or front panel. Set the

serial port settings for both base and rover GPS receivers to 38400

bps, 8 bits, none parity and 1 stop bit. Refer to the GPS receiver

manual for general GPS receiver setup information.

Note – High-power signals from a near-by high-power radio station or radar

transmitter can overwhelm the radio modem circuits. This does not harm the

instruments, but can prevent them from functioning correctly. To avoid

problems, try not to use the radio modems within 400 meters (1300 feet) of

powerful radar, television, or other transmitters. Low-power transmitters

such as the ones in portable phones and walkie-talkies normally do not

interfere with TRIMMARK 3 radio modem operations unless they are tuned

to the same channel as your radio modem units. Always monitor any

frequency before and during operation. Only transmit on a clear channel.

Also, to avoid possible interference with GPS reception, keep the

base radio modem antenna as far as possible from the GPS antenna. A

minimum of 3 meters (10 feet) is recommended.

Refer to Using Radio Communication Systems with GPS Surveying

Receivers, page A-1, which is a copy of Trimble publication 1-612-

0082-2/94 Using Radio Communication systems with GPS Surveying

Receivers, for precautions in using certain frequencies that can

interfere with GPS operation.

2.2.1 TRIMMARK 3 Base or Repeater

The TRIMMARK 3 radio modem can be installed in a network as a

base station or as a repeater. Typically the base is configured for 25

Watts output, and the repeater is configured at 2 Watts output power.

2-10 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Operation 2

Installation as a Base

To use a TRIMMARK 3 radio modem as a base, do the following:

1. If necessary, reconfigure the unit’s serial port settings to those

of the GPS receiver. Configure the unit as appropriate, base

with no repeaters, or with one or more repeaters. Ensure that

all units in your network are configured according to their

specific task within the network.

2. Before connecting the power cable, thread the base antenna

onto the mounting pole.

3. Mount the entire antenna assembly on a tripod using the

tripod mounting plate and connect the antenna cable to the

TRIMMARK 3 radio modem.

4. Attach the antenna cable to the ANTENNA port on the unit.

5. Connect the power cable between the TRIMMARK 3

POWER port and an appropriate 12V DC power source.

,Caution – Be careful to connect the power cable with the correct polarity.

Reversing polarity does not damage the base radio modem, however the

protective 10 Amp fuse in the power cable will blow.

6. Connect the 8 meter (25-foot) data cable between the base

radio modem DATA port and the GPS receiver data port. For

the Trimble 4700,4800 or 5700 GPS receivers, this is Port 3

7. If the GPS receiver is outputting data, the base should now be

in operation. Check the display on the TRIMMARK 3 and

verify that the "TRAN" (transmitting) message is flashing.

8. If the TRIMMARK 3 displays "BUSY", another radio

transmission is present on the frequency you selected.

Change frequencies until you locate a clear channel.

9. Verify that you are on the correct channel, and power output.

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 2-11

2Operation

Installation as a Repeater

To achieve coverage to all points in a survey area, a TRIMMARK 3

network may include up to two repeaters.The repeaters retransmit

data packets in a way that avoids mutual interference with the base

and each other. The operation of the repeaters is transparent to the

rovers. The rover will use the data packets from the base or repeater,

whichever it receives first.

The option to include a repeater in a TRIMMARK 3 network depends

on the selected wireless data rate and the broadcast information

content and rate (that is, CMR vs. RTCM 2.x RTK packets at 1Hz vs.

5Hz RTK epoch rates). Table 2-1 illustrates when a repeater may be

used in a network for various wireless data rates, RTK formats and

RTK epoch rates.

To install a TRIMMARK 3 radio modem as a repeater, do the

following:

1. Verify that the TRIMMARK 3 is configured for Repeater 1 if

you are using only one repeater. If you are using a second

repeater verify it is also configured properly as Repeater 2.

2. Verify that the Base is set to be used as Base w/ One Repeater

or Base w/ Two Repeaters as appropriate.

Table 2-1 Repeater Use in Networks

Wireless

Data Rate

(bps) DGPS CMR

at 1 Hz CMR

at 5 Hz RTCM 2.x at

1 Hz

48001100

96002211

19200 2 2 1 2

"2" - Two repeaters may be used

“1” - One repeater may be used

“0” - No repeaters may be used

2-12 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Operation 2

3. Before connecting the power cable, assemble the repeater

antenna, attach it to its mount, and then thread the complete

assembly onto the antenna mounting pole.

4. Mount the entire antenna assembly and pole on a tripod using

the tripod mounting plate, and connect the antenna cable to

the TRIMMARK 3 radio modem at the Radio Antenna port.

5. Connect the power cable between the TRIMMARK 3

POWER port and an appropriate 12V DC power source. The

front panel should display the Channel menu with the current

channel being used.

,Caution – Be careful to connect the power cable with the correct polarity.

Reversing polarity does not damage the base radio modem, however the

protective 10 Amp fuse in the power cable will blow.

6. Select the repeater radio modem channel to match the base

radio modem channel by pressing the UP or DOWN key until

the appropriate channel setting is displayed.

7. Press the NEXT key until TRANSMIT POWER is displayed

and select the appropriate power setting: 2,10 or 25 Watts.

Note – Using the minimal power setting to meet your needs will, conserve

battery power, and minimize the chance of your radio system interfering

with other users.

8. Verify that the channel assignments are the same for all base,

rover and repeater units.

9. The repeater should now be in operation. When data

broadcast by the base is received by the repeater, the unit will

flash Rpt (repeat) in the upper right corner of the display.

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 2-13

2Operation

2.2.2 Antenna Installation

Several factors should be considered when installing and locating

antennas. Place antennas as high as legally possible above the ground

and surrounding obstructions such as trees, vehicles, buildings, and

hills.

Note – Antenna height is the most important factor in achieving maximum

range with radio modems. Doubling the antenna height results in a 40%

increase in line-of-sight range. Use low loss cable if it is necessary to

increase the length of the antenna cable to accommodate your installation.

Consult your license for the legal limits on antenna height.

Line of Sight Obstruction

Objects placed near the antennas, especially metal objects, can

severely limit their efficiency. If an antenna is to be mounted on an

antenna mast, make sure the antenna is mounted so that its radiating

element is completely above the top of any obstructing source if

possible.

Omnidirectional Antennas

The UHF Whip antenna shipped with your system is factory tuned to

operated in the band (Example: 450-470 Mhz) you specified with

your order. Refer to figure 2-4 to ensure that your antenna is the

correct length for your frequency band.

2-14 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Operation 2

Figure 2-4 Standard UHF Omnidirectional Antennas

5 dB gain tip

Hand tighten desired antenna

tip onto antenna feed.

Check that the contact tab in

the base of the antenna feed

is at a 45 angle.

(0.2 to 0.25 in.)

0 dB gain tip

0.5 to 0.6 cm

IMPORTANT

Check these lengths and

adjust if necessary by

loosening Allen screw

Frequency

Band

(MHZ)

(cm) (in) (cm) (in)

406-430 20.3 8 15.0 5.9

430-450 17.4 6.8 12.3 4.8

450-470 16.9 6.6 13.3 5.2

IMPORTANT

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 2-15

2Operation

Directional Antennas

As an option, directional antennas can increase the range in a

particular direction, see Figure 2-5. The directional antenna must be

pointed in the direction of the receiving or transmitting antenna to

take full advantage of its antenna design. These antennas are designed

to be mast mounted with the antenna elements vertically oriented. All

directional antennas in a wireless data network must be mounted with

their antenna elements aligned in the same orientation. For additional

information refer to the application sheet supplied with the directional

antenna.

Note – Government regulations may exclude the use of directional antennas.

Figure 2-5 Directional Antennas

9 dB Yagi antenna

12 dB Yagi antenna

2-16 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Operation 2

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 3-1

3 Characteristics and

Specifications

This chapter briefly summarizes general characteristics and

specifications of the TRIMMARK 3 radio modem.

3.1 Antenna Gain

The antennas supplied with the TRIMMARK 3 do not increase the

energy radiated by the radio modem. They concentrate the energy

from the radio modem in a particular direction. The degree to which

they concentrate radio frequency energy in any particular direction is

called directivity and is measured in dB, or decibels. The greater the

antenna gain in dB, the higher the directivity and the more the

radiated energy from the antenna is concentrated in some direction.

3.1.1 Omnidirectional Antennas

An antenna that radiates energy equally in all directions in the

horizontal plane is called omnidirectional. Omnidirectional antennas

radiate an equal amount of energy at every azimuth. However, they

are not omnidirectional in the vertical plane.

3-2 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Characteristics and Specifications 3

Figure 3-1 shows the radiated energy patterns of the UHF

omnidirectional antennas used with the radio modems. All

omnidirectional antennas must be oriented vertically when used.

Figure 3-1 Omnidirectional Antenna Gain Patterns

The top view shows radiated energy patterns in the horizontal, or

azimuth plane of the antennas, the plane that perpendicularly bisects

the length of the antenna. For omnidirectional antennas, all azimuths

receive equal energy, but the 5 dB antenna radiates almost four times

more power in the horizontal plane than does the 0 dB antenna. In an

open field, four times more power approximately doubles the range.

Azimuth

Elevation

0 dB

5 dB

12˚

45˚

ground level

view

top view

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 3-3

3Characteristics and Specifications

The ground level view shows radiated energy patterns in the vertical,

or elevation, plane of the antennas. Much of the energy from the 5 dB

antenna is concentrated in elevation to within ±12 ° of horizontal. A

rover antenna within this sector receives stronger signals from a 5 dB

antenna. However, at angles greater than 12 ° from horizontal, the 0

dB gain antenna radiates more energy.

Antenna gain has exactly the same effect on signal reception as it

does on signal transmission. A high gain rover antenna can increase

range performance as long as it is oriented correctly with respect to

the transmit antenna. For high gain antennas, this means keeping the

antenna element vertical and at the same elevation as the transmitting

antenna. Otherwise, it may be better to use an antenna with less gain.

3-4 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Characteristics and Specifications 3

3.1.2 Directional Antennas

Two directional antennas, a 9 dB Yagi and a 12 dB Yagi antenna, are

available as options, dependent on applicable governmental

regulations. Figure 3-2 shows the radiated energy patterns of the

directional antennas that can be used with the radio modems. The

solid line depicts the directional antennas as compared with the

dashed lines representing the omnidirectional antennas. In principle,

the directional antenna is similar to a flashlight while an

omnidirectional antenna is similar to a light bulb. The flashlight

concentrates light into a narrow beam while a light bulb illuminates

evenly, but usually not as far as the flashlight.

Figure 3-2 Directional Antenna Gain Patterns

9 dB directional antenna patterns

12 dB directional antenna patterns

270

horizontal pattern

180

horizontal pattern vertical pattern

-8 dB +2 dB +8 dB +12 dB

vertical pattern

270

180 -8 dB +2 dB +8 dB +12 dB

directional

Antenna

omnidirectional

Antenna

180

270

180

-11 dB +1 dB +5 dB +9 dB -11 dB +1 dB +5 dB +9 dB

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 3-5

3Characteristics and Specifications

A Yagi antenna focuses the radiated power into a directional

transmission used for straight lines (±20° for the 9 dB directional

antenna or ±17° for the 12 dB directional antenna). Since most of the

power is focused in one direction, a Yagi antenna transmits further in

this direction than an omnidirectional antenna.

The line-of-sight range increase for a unit using the 9 dB directional

antenna is about 1.6 times that obtained using the 5 dB

omnidirectional antenna. The line-of-sight range increase for a unit

using the 12 dB directional antenna is about twice that obtained using

the 5 dB omnidirectional antenna. The radio modem range varies

depending on line-of-sight visibility, blockage or absorption by

vegetation, antenna pointing errors, antenna height, terrain anomalies,

and local weather conditions.

Note – Directional antennas are useful for working in a straight line

such as along railroad tracks or roads, or where repeaters are

inconvenient or impossible such as crossing lakes, or between

mountains. Directional antennas have a limited ability to receive radio

signals from any direction other than the direction in which they are

pointed. For omnidirectional situations, the 0 dB or 5 dB UHF

omnidirectional antennas are recommended.

Because of the trade-off between gain and vertical coverage, the

TRIMMARK 3 is shipped with a 0 dB/5 dB UHF antenna tuned to

the frequency band of your radio modem.

3-6 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Characteristics and Specifications 3

3.2 Broadcast Network

The following sections describe the frequency bands, channel

spacings and wireless data rates available with the TRIMMARK 3

radio modem.

3.2.1 Frequency Band and Channel Selection

The TRIMMARK 3 Base/Repeater radio modem operates in one the

following frequency bands:

•410 to 420 MHz (UHF)

•430 to 450 MHz (UHF)

•450 to 470 MHz (UHF)

Each unit operates in one of these bands, not across bands. The

TRIMMARK 3 radio modem stores up to 20 factory pre-programmed

frequencies, and operates on one of these frequencies, depending on

which is selected. All 20 frequencies must reside within one of the

above frequency bands. These frequencies are preset at the factory.

Note – Each radio modem in a network must be tuned to the same

frequency in order for the network to operate.

In addition, the TRIMMARK 3 radio modem is available in two

different channel spacing configurations: 12.5 kHz and 25 kHz.

Channel spacing refers to the minimum separation, in Hz, between

two adjacent frequencies and can be viewed as the tuning resolution

of the radio modem. Channel spacing is dependent on local

government regulations.

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 3-7

3Characteristics and Specifications

3.2.2 Wireless Data Rate

The wireless data rate is the speed, in bits per second (bps), at which

the base unit transmits data to the rover unit. The TRIMMARK 3 can

be used at 4800, 9600 or 19200 bps.

Note – Each radio modem in a wireless data network must have the

same wireless data rate and channel spacing.

3.2.3 Transmit Power

The TRIMMARK 3 can be used as a base transmitter or repeater.

Each unit can be configured to 2, 10 or 25 Watt power output. This is

user selectable from the front panel, or configured with the

WinFLASH utility.

Note – Using the minimal power setting for your specific application

offers two benefits, lower battery consumption, and reduces the risk

of interfering with other users on your frequency.

3-8 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Characteristics and Specifications 3

3.3 General Specifications

The following tables contain information on the TRIMMARK 3 radio

modem and antennas.

Table 3-1 TRIMMARK 3 Physical Specifications

Size 12.5 cm (4.9 in.) Wide

22.9 cm (9.0 in.) Deep

7.9 cm (3.1 in.) High

Weight 1.59 kg (3.5 lbs.)

Power Input 12 to 16 VDC, nominal

Connectors Power 2-pin LEMO (+VDC, GND)

Data 7-pin female LEMO (supports

RXD, TXD and SGND)

Antenna TNC female

Temperature Operating –40 ° to +65 ° C (–40 ° to +149 ° F)

Storage –55 ° to +75 ° C (–67 ° to +167 ° F)

Humidity 100%, fully sealed, weatherproof

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 3-9

3Characteristics and Specifications

Table 3-2 Antenna Physical Specifications

Type Length (typical) Weight

Standard 0 dB UHF

omni whip 47 cm (18.5 in.) 0.5 kg (1.0 lb.)

Standard 5 dB UHF

omni whip 99 cm (39 in.) 0.5 kg (1.1 lb.)

3-10 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Characteristics and Specifications 3

1. All units are shipped from the factory set at 2 watts power output.

2. Use the same frequency for all radio modems in the same wireless data network.

3. Power consumption, and battery life, depends on the broadcast information content and

wireless data rate (e.g., CMR versus RTCM SC-104 Ver. 2.x packets at 1 Hz epoch rates

versu 5 Hz epoch rates).

4. Communications rate between the Radio and GPS Receiver, not Wireless Rate.

Table 3-3 Performance Specifications (Typical)

Transmit Power 2W, 10W, 25W1

Wireless Data Rate 4800, 9600 or 19200 bps

Frequency Bands 410-420 MHz, 430-450 MHz, or 450-470 MHz. Only

one band per radio modem

Channel Spacing 12.5 kHz or 25 kHz. Only one per radio modem

Number of Channels Up to 20 factory pre-programmed frequencies,

internally stored2

RF Modulation Format Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK)

Range Typical: 25W Base: 10 to 12 km (6-7 miles)

2W Repeater: 5-8 km (3-5 miles)

Varies with terrain and operational conditions

Up to two repeaters can be used to extend range.

Power Consumption325W Base: 75 W consumption @ 4800 bps

25 W consumption @ 9600 bps

Battery Life325W Base: 8 hours on one 18Ah

battery; typical at 20°C

(70°F) @ 9600 bps

2W Repeater: 16 hours on one 18 Ah

battery; typical at 20°C (70°F)

Serial Port4One set of RS-232 signals available. Data is 8 bits with

selectable parity and 1 stop bit. Supported data rates

are 9600, 19200 and 38400 bps.

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 4-1

4 Troubleshooting

This chapter lists status messages and troubleshooting tips which can

be used to help isolate and correct system configuration or

operational issues. Status messages may be displayed as a one or two

line message on the front panel of the unit. Two line messages listed

below are separated by a comma.

4.1 Status Messages

Battery Low

The battery voltage is below 11.6 volts. Replace the battery

as soon as possible.

Battery Low, Radio Turned Off

The battery voltage has dropped below 10.8 volts, and the

radio has stopped transmitting. Replace the battery, the unit

will reset and begin transmitting again.

Note – Battery Low voltage levels are approximate and may vary

according to various factors; battery condition, radio modem

operating mode and other environmental factors.

Data Overload, Check GPS Config

Occurs when wireless data rate is set too low for the amount

of data you are attempting to transmit, for example, 5hz

CMR’s at 4800 baud. Increase the Wireless Data Rate or

change the type of packets you are transmitting.

4-2 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Troubleshooting 4

Comm Port Error, Check Data Rate

The communications protocol between the GPS receiver and

the radio is incompatible. With WinFLASH or the Data

Collector reconfigure the GPS and Radio Modem protocols

to the same settings.

Warning:, Radio Hot

The radio is approaching, but has not exceeded it’s maximum

operating temperature. This may occur due to high data rate

transmission at maximum power output (25W), and/or

operating the unit in direct sunlight. Reduce power output,

data rate, shade the unit from direct sunlight.

,Caution – The housing of the TRIMMARK 3 will be HOT to touch if

the Radio Hot message is displayed. Use caution and reasonable

care when handling the unit in this state.

Warning: Radio, Hot Output Off

The unit has exceeded it’s maximum internal operating

temperature, (+85 ° C / +185 ° F), and has stopped

transmitting. This may occur due to high data rate

transmission at maximum power output (25W), and/or

operating the unit in direct sunlight. Allow the unit to cool

down. Reduce power output, data rate, shade the unit from

direct sunlight.

0Warning – Operating or storing your TRIMMARK 3 radio modem

outside the specified temperature can damage the instrument.

Warning: No, External Battery

Indicates the unit is receiving power from the GPS receiver

through the Data port, but does not have power connected to

it’s main power port. If used as a Base, the GPS receiver

cannot supply adequate power for the radio. Connect an

external power source to the radio.

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide 4-3

4Troubleshooting

Connect Antenna, to Radio

The radio modem is attempting to transmit but does not sense

an antenna connected to the antenna port. Connect the radio

antenna to the unit. If the antenna is physically connected to

the unit, the cable and/or antenna may have failed. This

message will not appear if the unit is configured as a rover,

even if there is no antenna connected.

ERROR:, Bad Radio Config

The radio was configured incorrectly. This may occur after

upgrading the radio firmware. Reconfigure the radio modem

using WinFLASH or the Data Collector.

HARDWARE ERROR:, XX (code number)

This is a FATAL ERROR. The radio modem should be

returned for service. Please note the error code and contact

Trimble or your local service provider

4.2 Service

There are no user serviceable parts in the TRIMMARK 3 Radio

Modem. Contact your Trimble representative or local service

provider for assistance.

4-4 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Troubleshooting 4

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide A-1

A Using Radio

Communication

Systems with GPS

Surveying Receivers

Trimble Publication 1-612-0082-2/94

"GPS receiver, antenna, tripod, tribrach, tape, cones, flagging,

radio...", such is the checklist of most GPS surveyors preparing for a

day of observations. But a truly successful survey is not just a matter

of making sure that you have all of the equipment, you must also

ensure that you optimize the usage of these new tools for the highest

productivity.

The GPS receiver is trying to measure very faint radio signals from

satellites orbiting at 22,000 kilometers in space. There are many

factors that can hinder the receiver’s ability to perform. For example,

placing your hand over the antenna or setting up the antenna under a

tree are factors that have already proven to interfere with GPS signal

reception.

A-2 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Using Radio Communication Systems with GPS Surveying Receivers A

As GPS receivers developed, their processors have become more

sensitive to incoming data flow. This provides an increase in accuracy

by extracting more information out of the GPS radio signal. But with

this gain in accuracy, there is an increased susceptibility to other radio

signals. The receiver is now more sensitive to the incoming GPS

signal, and consequently it is also more sensitive to other incoming

radio signals. This means that communications radios, such as ones

commonly used by surveyors, can sometimes create difficulty with

the GPS signal reception.

There are some very simple steps you can follow to remove the

effects of radio interference on the GPS receiver. First, you should be

aware of the type of communications equipment you’re buying and

understand its characteristics. Secondly, a little care in using

communications radio can greatly decrease your chances of

experiencing any interference with satellite tracking.

A.1 Selecting Communications Radios

If you do not already have communications radios, and are thinking

of buying them to supplement your survey activities, there are a

number of factors to keep in mind before purchasing: (a) some

frequencies can cause interruptions or GPS tracking; (b) certain

communications equipment creates spurious signals not related to

their frequency that can interfere with satellite tracking; and (c)

powerful communications transmitters can create such a strong radio

signal that the GPS signal cannot be identified.

Most communication transmitters emit overtones of their assigned

frequency. If these overtones line up with the GPS frequency, it can

filter into the GPS equipment and interfere with the satellite tracking.

Some communication transmitters emit more of these overtones than

others. But the number of overtones can be difficult to determine and

is not the most important factor when considering this nuisance

parameter. To avoid being affected by transmitter overtones, simply

avoid those frequencies that lie within the GPS frequency range.

Table A-1 shows frequency bands that you should avoid

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide A-3

AUsing Radio Communication Systems with GPS Surveying Receivers

Table A-1 RF Bands to Avoid When Using GPS

Surveying Receivers

From this Frequency To this Frequency

781.210 794.210

607.300 620.300

520.806 529.473

404.866 413.533

390.605 397.105

312.484 317.684

303.650 310.150

260.403 264.736

242.920 248.120

223.202 226.917

202.433 206.766

195.302 198.552

173.602 177.228

156.242 158.842

151.825 155.075

142.038 144.401

134.955 137.844

130.201 132.368

120.186 124.060

110.418 113.458

A-4 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Using Radio Communication Systems with GPS Surveying Receivers A

Some communication transmitters and receivers also emit spurious

signals. These are extremely difficult to predict. So, the only way to

know if your receiver is being hampered by spuriously emitted

signals is to test the communication equipment with the GPS receiver.

If you plan to buy a new radio, the best course of action is to test it

with your existing GPS equipment, to determine if any problems

exist.

Communications equipment that uses more power is more likely to

create noisy signals from which the GPS signal cannot be extracted.

This case typically occurs from signals emitted from the radio

transmitter box and not its antenna. Non-GPS signals enter the GPS

system through the GPS antenna and not through the receiver.

Therefore, most of the effects of non-GPS signals can be minimized

by physically separating your radio and GPS equipment.

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide A-5

AUsing Radio Communication Systems with GPS Surveying Receivers

A.2 Useful Field Procedures

There are a few useful field procedures that you can follow to

minimize the effects of your radio. Since most of the radio signal in

the GPS band is emitted directly from the radio transmitter box and

received via the GPS antenna, make sure the GPS antenna is

separated from the radio transmitter by 2-3 meters (7-10 feet). If you

are still experiencing difficulties at this distance the GPS signal may

be getting over-powered by the radio transmissions. In this case, you

can either separate the equipment even more or shield the radio

transmitter.

Radio signal strength drops as you move further away from the

source of the transmission – dropping as a square of the distance.

Therefore, if there is a problem, separate the GPS antenna and radio

even more to lessen the strength of the radio signal received at the

GPS antenna.

If you are using a geodetic antenna, you can use the antenna’s ground

plane to shield the radio waves. In fact, you can shield the antenna

from the radio signal by moving behind nearby objects such as a car

or tree. If you cannot move away from the GPS antenna, move the

radio below the level of the GPS antenna ground plane. This is not

ideal, but may help in those cases where you are left with no

alternative.

A-6 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Using Radio Communication Systems with GPS Surveying Receivers A

A.3 Summary

Using communications radios with GPS receivers requires some

special considerations. By striving to extract the utmost accuracy

from the GPS system, receiver designs have made greater use of the

radio spectrum. However, the methods used to increase performance

and accuracy also make GPS receivers more susceptible to receiving

other radio signals.

Radio signals in the GPS band arise from a few different sources.

Some radio transmitters produce overtones of their frequency, which

lie within the GPS P-code frequency range. Others create random,

spurious signals, which affect GPS signal reception. Still other radio

systems use high power levels to boost communication range and

create noise that limits the GPS signal tracking. These are all

characteristics to avoid when purchasing or using communications

equipment in conjunction with GPS.

Before using radios on full-fledged survey job, it is a good idea to test

the communications equipment to determine if it affects the GPS

signal reception in any way. Testing radios with the GPS equipment is

especially important if you are considering purchasing new radios. Be

sure to always:

•Choose the communication frequency of your radios

carefully so they do not transmit on or create harmonics in

the frequency range of GPS.

•Prior to buying radios, make sure that you test them with your

GPS receivers.

•If problems arise, put some distance between the radio

transmitter case and the GPS antenna. Also, shielding the

radio transmitter should minimize the effects of radio signals

on the GPS signal reception.

Radio signal strength drops as a function of distance. The greater the

separation between the GPS antenna and the radio transmitter, the less

likely you are to experience the interruptions in satellite tracking.

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide Index-1

Index

Numerics

1 stop bit 2-1

38400 bps 2-1

8 data bits 2-1

antenna 2-13

0 dB 3-2

5 dB 3-2

doubling broadcast power 1-7

doubling height 1-7

installation 2-13

obstructions 2-13

omnidirectional 3-1

ANTENNA connector

TRIMMARK II Base/Repeater 1-

antenna gain 3-1

Antenna Physical Specifications 3-17

audience xv

battery selection 3-10

TRIMMARK II Base/Repeater 3-

baud rate

serial port 2-2

cautions xx

characteristics 3-1

COM port 2-2

CommSet 2-3

CommSet Utility 2-2

CommSet utility 1-13

configuration

TRIMMARK II Base/Repeater 2-

TRIMMARK Rover 2-1

Configuring the Serial I/O Port 2-2

Connecting to a PC 2-2

connector

POWER & I/O 3-8

controls 1-10

DATA connector

TRIMMARK II Base/Repeater 1-

data modem 2-1

Index-2 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Index

defaults

TRIMMARK II Base/Repeater 1-

Directional Antennas 1-15

directional antennas 2-18

disclaimer of warranty iv

document conventions xix

electrical interface 3-8

equipment sets

TRIMMARK II Series Base 1-3

TRIMMARK II Series

Repeater 1-4

Equipment Sets and Accessories 1-3

features

TRIMMARK II Base/Repeater 1-

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) site xvii

format

serial I/O port 2-2

frequency bands 1-7

Frequency Updates 2-7

front panel

TRIMMARK II Base/Repeater 1-

ftp.trimble.com xvii

general care 4-4

General Specifications 3-16

I/O cables 1-13

indicators 1-10

installation 2-8

antenna 2-13

licensing 5-2

limitation of liability iv

limited warranty

firmware iv

software iv

line-of-sight

LOS 1-1

line-of-sight (LOS) 1-7

LOS 1-1

LOS (line-of-sight) 1-7

notes xx

notices iii

odd parity 2-1

operation

TRIMMARK II Base/Repeater 2-

TRIMMARK Rover 2-1

organization xv

overview 1-1

TRIMMARK 3 User Guide Index-3

Index

Performance Specifications (Typical) 3-

Permanent Base Omnidirectional

Antennas 1-14

physical specifications

TRIMMARK II Base/Receiver 3-

power and I/O cables

TRIMMARK II Base/Repeater 1-

POWER I/O connector

TRIMMARK II Base/Repeater 1-

preface xv

radio 2-1, B-1

Radio Frequency Bands to Avoid When

Using GPS Surveying Receivers B-3

reader comment form xix

rear panel

TRIMMARK II Base/Repeater 1-

regulations 5-1

repeater 1-1

revision notice iii

RF energy iii, 5-3

rover 1-1

safety 5-1

scope xv

Selecting Communications Radios B-2

Serial I/O Port

configuring 2-2

serial I/O port

format 2-2

serial port

baud rate 2-2

service 4-4

setup 2-3

specifications 3-1

Standard Omnidirectional Antennas 1-

TAC xviii

technical assistance xviii

Technical Assistance Center

TAC xviii

tips xx

trademarks iii

Trimble Publication 1-612-0082-2/

94 B-1

TRIMMARK II Base/Receiver

battery selection 3-10

physical specifications 3-16

TRIMMARK II Base/Repeater

configuration 2-1

connector

ANTENNA 1-9

DATA 1-9

POWER I/O 1-9

DATA connector 1-13

front panel 1-8

POWER connector 1-13

rear panel 1-9

TRIMMARK II Series Base equipment

set 1-3

Index-4 TRIMMARK 3 User Guide

Index

TRIMMARK II Series Radio Modem

network 3-1

TRIMMARK II Series Repeater

equipment set 1-4

TRIMMARK Rover

configuration 2-1

Troubleshooting 4-1

troubleshooting

base 4-1

repeater 4-3

Type Approval 5-2

Typical Broadcast Network 1-7

update notes xvi

Useful Field Procedures B-5

Using Radio Communication Systems

with GPS Surveying Receivers B-1

verifying base operation 2-19

verifying operation

TRIMMARK II Base/Repeater 2-

verifying repeater operation 2-20

warnings xx

wireless data link 2-4

wireless data links 1-7

Wireless Data Rate 3-7

World Wide Web (WWW) site xvii

www.trimble.com xvii

www.trimble.com/support/

support.htm xvii

Trimble 9414-450 GPS Data Transciever User Manual

Trimble Navigation Ltd GPS Data Transciever

Contents

User Manual

Navigation menu

Namespaces

Views

Navigation