Trio Datacom QB450QP450 UHF Base Station (Data) User Manual

Trio Datacom Pty Ltd (a wholly owned company of Schneider Electric) UHF Base Station (Data) Users Manual

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2. Users Manual

Users Manual

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Trio Q Data Radio

User Manual

2 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Part G– Quick Start Guide 71

Step-by-Step Point to Point Setup 71

Step-by-Step eDiags Setup 75

System Topology Configuration 76

Serial and MODBUS 82

Single Frequency (Simplex) Mode 87

Part H – Advanced 88

Connectivity 88

Ease of Use 96

Security 107

Part I – Installation & Commissioning 108

Optimizing the Antenna for Rx Signal 110

Commissioning 111

Part J – Firmware Updating and Maintenance

112

Firmware Updating 112

Global Firmware Updating 113

Fuse Replacement - QR450 115

Part K – Support Options 116

Contents

Part A – Preface 3

Safety Information 3

Revision History 5

Important Information 5

Compliance Information 6

Part B – Feature Overview 7

Introduction 7

Features and Benefits 8

Q Data Radio Range 9

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

System Topologies 11

Operating Modes 16

Part D – Feature Detail 18

Hardware 18

Efficiency and Bandwidth 19

Connectivity 29

Ease of Use 31

Security 37

Part E – Radio Planning and Design 39

Radio Path analysis 39

BER & Fade Margin 41

Radio Accessories 42

RF Feeders and Protection 43

Part F – Quick Reference Guide 44

Introduction 44

Half Duplex Radio - QR450 44

Full Duplex Radio - QB450 51

Hot Standby Full Duplex Radio - QH450 56

LED indicators 63

Connecting Antennas 65

Communication Ports 65

Activating Transmitter 67

Factory Default 67

Digital I/O 68

Connecting to Web User Interface (WUI) 69

Resolving Ethernet Connection Issues 70

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Safety Information

Read these instructions carefully, and look at the

equipment to become familiar with the device before

trying to install, operate, or maintain it. The following

special messages may appear throughout this

documentation or on the equipment to warn of potential

hazards or to call attention to information that clarifies or

simplifies a procedure.

WEEE Notice (Europe)

This symbol on the product or its

packaging indicates that this product

must not be disposed of with other waste.

Instead, it is your responsibility to dispose

of your waste equipment by handing it over to a designated

collection point for the recycling of waste electrical and

electronic equipment. The separate collection and recycling

of your waste equipment at the time of disposal will help

conserve natural resources and help ensure that it is

recycled in a manner that protects human health and the

environment. For more information about where you can

drop off your waste equipment for recycling, please contact

the dealer from whom you originally purchased the product.

Dieses Symbol auf dem Produkt oder seinem Verpacken

zeigt an, daß dieses Produkt nicht mit anderer

Vergeudung entledigt werden darf. Stattdessen ist

es Ihre Verantwortlichkeit, sich Ihre überschüssige

Ausrüstung zu entledigen, indem es rüber sie zu

einem gekennzeichneten Ansammlungspunkt für

die Abfallverwertung elektrische und elektronische

Ausrüstung übergibt. Die unterschiedliche Ansammlung

und die Wiederverwertung Ihrer überschüssigen

Ausrüstung zu der Zeit der Beseitigung helfen,

Naturresourcen zu konservieren und sicherzugehen, daß

es in gewissem Sinne aufbereitet wird, daß menschliche

Gesundheit und das Klima schützt. Zu mehr Information

ungefähr, wo Sie weg von Ihrer überschüssigen

Ausrüstung für die Wiederverwertung fallen können,

treten Sie bitte mit dem Händler in Verbindung, von dem

Sie ursprünglich das Produkt kauften.

This is the safety alert symbol. It is used to

alert you to a potential personal injury hazards.

Obey all safety messages that follow this

symbol to avoid possible injury or death.

The addition of this symbol to a Danger or

Warning safety label indicates that an electrical

hazard exists, which will result in personal injury

if the instructions are not followed.

Part A – Preface

Part A - Preface

PLEASE NOTE

Electrical equipment should be installed, operated,

serviced, and maintained only by qualified personnel. No

responsibility is assumed by Schneider Electric for any

consequences arising out of the use of this material.

WARNING

WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could

result in death or serious injury.

CAUTION

CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could

result in minor or moderate injury.

NOTICE

NOTICE is used to address practices not related to physical injury.

WARNING

HAZARD OF BURN

The QR450 must be installed in a restricted access location..

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

WARNING

HAZARD OF BURN

Where an QB450 is to be operated between 60ºC and 70ºC (122°F and 158°F), it

must be installed in a restricted access location.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

WARNING

HAZARD OF THERMAL BURNS

•High operating temperature.

•Avoid direct contact with device while in operation.

•Install device in a restricted access location to avoid unintentional contact.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

WARNING

HAZARD OF RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) BURNS

Ensure that a matching load or antenna is attached to the RF port prior to

applying power to the device.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

WARNING

HAZARD OF EXPLOSION

Ensure that all connected equipment is grounded to the power source ground

termination.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

For the definition of a restricted access location, please

refer to the ETSI EN 60950 standard.

4 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Before using this product, read the Safety Information, Compliance information and all recommendations related to the

purchased wireless communications equipment found within the Installation and Commissioning section found within the

product user manual. The product user manual is available at www.schneider-electric.com

This environment is “enclosed”. It can be installed without any specific protection in areas with restricted access and low pollution

levels (not exceeding 2), for example; stations or control rooms which have neither machines nor any activity generating metallic

dust or other metallic particles. In other environments, it is recommended to follow rules as defined in the user manual. For the

definition of a restricted access location, please refer to the ETSI EN 60950 standard.

Environment

WARNING

HAZARD OF DEATH OR SERIOUS INJURY

•The QR450 must be installed in a restricted access location.

•Where an QB450 is to be operated between 60ºC and 70ºC (140°F and 158°F), it must be

installed in a restricted access location.

•Make sure that the operating temperature (equipment surrounding air) never exceeds 70 °C

(158 °F)

•Ensure all radio equipment is installed with a lightning arrestor.

•Ensure all connected equipment is grounded to the power source ground termination.

•Whereaninternalfuseistobereplaced,thereplacementfusemustbeofthespecied

type and current rating. Refer to fuse replacement instructions within the Product User

Manual before servicing.

•Ensure a matching load or antenna is attached to the RF port prior to applying power to

the device.

•RF Exposure - The radio equipment described in the Product User Manual emits low level

radio frequency energy. The concentrated energy may pose a health hazard depending

on the type of antenna used. To satisfy EU, FCC and Industry Canada requirements a

minimum separation distance should be maintained between the antenna of this device

and persons during operation as per the table below

Range of

Antenna gains

(dBd)

Minimum

Separation from

Antenna (Meters)

Minimum

Separation from

Antenna (Feet)

0 to 4 1.3 4

4 to 8 2.4 6.8

8 to 12 3.3 10.8

12 to 16 5.2 17

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

In order to improve the security of you installation, follow the rules below:

Wiring

Part A - Preface

WARNING

HAZARD OF UNINTENDED EQUIPMENT OPERATION

Take every precaution at the installation to prevent a wrong activation of the wireless

communications equipment in case of malfunctioning. This equipment is not a

functional safety product.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

NOTICE

HAZARD OF EQUIPMENT DAMAGE

The radio modem can be damaged if there is any potential difference between the

chassis-ground, RS232 signal ground, power (-) input, or antenna coaxial shield.

Before connecting any wiring, ensure all components are earthed to a common

ground point.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in equipment damage.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Revision History

Issue: 08-14D - (August 2014) Initial release.

Issue: 09-14 - (September 2014) Added QH450

Issue: 10-14 - (October 2014) Updated Compliance

information.

Part A - Preface

Important Information

Reserved

This manual covers the operation of the Q Data Radio

range. Specifications described are typical only and are

subject to normal manufacturing and service tolerances.

Trio Datacom Pty Ltd reserves the right to modify the

equipment, its specification or this manual without

prior notice, in the interest of improving performance,

reliability or servicing. At the time of publication all data is

correct for the operation of the equipment at the voltage

and/or temperature referred to. Performance data

indicates typical values related to the particular product.

This manual is copyright by Trio Datacom Pty Ltd. All

rights reserved. No part of the documentation or the

information supplied may be divulged to any third party

without the express written permission of Trio Datacom

Pty Ltd.

The manual is also proprietary to Trio Datacom Pty Ltd

and are supplied for the purposes referred to in the

accompanying documentation and must not be used

for any other purpose. All such information remains

the property of Trio Datacom Pty Ltd and may not be

reproduced, copied, stored on or transferred to any

other media or used or distributed in any way save for

the express purposes for which it is supplied.

Products offered may contain software which is

proprietary to Trio Datacom Pty Ltd. However, the

offer of supply of these products and services does

not include or infer any transfer of ownership of such

proprietary information and as such reproduction or

reuse without the express permission in writing from Trio

Datacom Pty Ltd is forbidden. Permission may be applied

for by contacting Trio Datacom Pty Ltd in writing.

6 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

WARNING

HAZARD TO HEALTH DUE TO RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) EXPOSURE

•The radio equipment described in this user manual

emits low level radio frequency energy. The

concentrated energy may pose a health hazard

depending on the type of antenna used.

•To satisfy EU, FCC and Industry Canada requirements

a minimum separation distance should be maintained

between the antenna of this device and persons during

operation as per the table below.

Range of

Antenna gains

(dBd)

Minimum

Separation from

Antenna (Meters)

Minimum

Separation from

Antenna (Feet)

0 to 4 1.3 4

4 to 8 2.4 6.8

8 to 12 3.3 10.8

12 to 16 5.2 17

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

Part A - Preface

Site Grounding

Ensure that the chassis mounting plate, power supply

(-) Ground, RTU terminal device, and lightning arrester,

are all securely connected to the ground in the building

installation or a common ground point to which an earth/

ground stake is attached.

R&TTE Notice (Europe)

Applies to models TBURQx4xx-Exxxxxxx

In order to comply with the R&TTE (Radio &

Telecommunications Terminal Equipment) directive

1999/5/EC, all radio modem installations must include

an external in-line lightning arrestor or equivalent device

that complies with the following specifications:

•DC Blocking Capability - 1.5kV impulse (Rise Time

10mS, Fall Time 700mS) (Repetition 10 Times)

or 1.0kV rms 50Hz sine wave for 1 minute.

Trio Datacom declares that the Q data radio range

is in compliance with the essential requirements and

other relevant provisions of the Directive 1999/5/

EC. Therefore the Trio Datacom Q data radio range is

labelled with the following CE-marking.

FCC Notice (Hot Standby Controller Only)

This equipment has been tested and found to comply

with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to

Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed

to provide reasonable protection against harmful

interference in a residential installation. This equipment

generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy

and, if not installed and used in accordance with the

instruction, equipment may cause harmful interference

to radio communications. However, there is no

guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular

installation. If this equipment does cause harmful

interference to radio or television reception, which can

be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the

user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by

one or more of the following measures:

•Re-orient to relocate the receiving antenna.

•Increase the separation between the equipment

and receiver.

•Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit

different to that which the receiver is connected.

•Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/

television technician for assistance.

Compliance Information

Exclusion Zone

3m Clearance

allowed for

3.3m3.3m

Typical Antenna Installation Exclusion Zone

The diagram below shows the exclusion zone for a

typical antenna installation. The details of this typical

system are as follows:

•Q Data Radio - 40dBm (10W)

•Antenna - Yagi 14 dBd/16.15 dBi gain

•Lightning Arrestor - 0.5dB loss

•Cable Run - 1.5dB loss

0891

Collocating the QR450 remote (Europe)

The QR450 is a remote radio and should not be

collocated with other transmitting equipment.

FCC Notice

This device complies with part 15 of the fcc rules.

operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1)

this device may not cause harmful interference, and

(2) this device must accept any interference received,

including interference that may cause undesired

operation.

Note: The manufacturer is not responsible for any radio

or tv interference caused by unauthorized modifications

to this equipment. such modifications could void the

user’s authority to operate the equipment.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Part B – Feature Overview

Introduction

The Trio Q is a family of data radios designed for wireless transport of Telemetry and Remote SCADA data using the licensed

UHF spectrum.

Trio Q Data Radios are ideal where:

•Total ownership and control of the data radio network is required

•There are long distances to cover

•Public Communications (ie: Cellular) is too expensive or unreliable

•Variety of communications delivery is required

Trio Q Data radios are suitable for a wide variety of applications that require the transport of serial or Ethernet protocols,

including DNP, MODBUS and IEC, over distances of that up to 50Km (30 miles). Common applications include the monitoring

and control of remote assets in the management of:

•Water and Waste Water

•Electrical Distribution and Sub Station automation such as those found in Smart Grids

•The extraction and transportation of Oil & Gas

However, as data transport is transparent to the application, there are virtually no application-specific constraints, other than

data throughput and range.

A typical radio system topology permits a central master / control application, like a SCADA Host system for example,

to communicate with remotely-situated application equipment such as RTUs or PLCs; using single or dual-frequency

radio channels in the 400 MHz UHF band. A diverse range of system topologies are possible, but in general remote sites

communicate directly with the entry point or via repeater stations when direct communication is not possible.

Trio Q Data Radios come in a variety of hardware form factors. The QR450 Half-Duplex Radio, is ideal for deployment at remote

sites, and operates in simplex or half-duplex modes. Built around a rugged but compact die-cast housing, complete with

physical mounting locations, it also has an optional DIN rail mounting kit. Complementing this is the QB450 Full Duplex Radio,

which is ideal for deployment at entry point or repeater sites as it provides high performance full-duplex operation in a 1RU 19”

rack form factor. Where redundancy is of value, there are also Hot Standby variants of both the full and half duplex radios.

Over-the-air data speeds are now four times faster than those found in existing licensed data radio systems. Additionally, the

radio system can dynamically change its speed during a signal fade or rain storm, enhancing reliable operation, even at the

fastest speeds. Combined with features like IP routing and automatic retries, together with advances in collision avoidance,

Trio Q provides the ideal platform for building a scalable, easy-to-use, licensed data radio system, where users can greatly

increase the number of remote sites per system, and the amount of data transported over the network. Trio Q data radios

operate between 400 and 518MHz, are approved for use by ETSI & ACMA, are software-configurable for 12.5kHz or 25kHz

channels, and up to 10W of Transmit power even at the fastest speed.

There are two Ethernet and two serial ports, that operate in either a Layer-2 Ethernet or Layer-3 IP routing mode. For

serial data, both RS-232 and RS-485 is supported using embedded terminal servers, secured by 256-bit AES encryption.

Diagnostics and Configuration are performed via web server, Telnet/SSH or serial console, and built in wizards take out the

guess work. SNMP traps can provide real time alarm detection of parameters and Integration into ClearSCADA is painless with

library templates .

In summary, Trio Q Data radios offer enhanced flexibility, security and reliability, even in harsh, remote environments. They

provide an ideal foundation on which to build a data radio system that is scalable, has extended reach, and is virtually future-

proof, to help you protect the value of your investment.

Part B – Feature Overview

8 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Common Features – QR450 | QB450 | QP450 | QH450

Radio

•UHF Frequency Band Operation : 400-450MHz and 450-518MHz

•12.5kHz and 25kHz channel operation in one radio model

•User configurable transmitter output power up to 10 Watts

•Coverage of common international frequency bands

•Designed to meet international FCC & ETSI radio regulatory requirements

•VSWR and over temperature protection

•Operation over full -40°C to +70°C (-40 to 158°F) ambient temperature range

•Automatic frequency offset compensation for years of service/calibration free operation

Ethernet

•Transport of Ethernet based protocols (including UDP, TCP, DHCP, ARP, ICMP, STP, IGMP, SNTP & TFPT)

•Layer-2 Ethernet Bridge Mode & Layer-3 IP Router mode

•Maximum narrowband channel utilization with smart peer-to-peer repeating, broadcast filtering and data compression

•SNMP access to radio diagnostics parameters (including alarm detection and traps)

•Legacy RS-232/RS-485 serial support via embedded terminal servers (UDP/TCP) and MODBUS/TCP gateway

•Configuration via embedded HTTP, HTTPS web interface and/or Telnet/SSH/Serial console

•Local and (one to N) broadcast firmware upgrades

•Embedded NTP Time Server (NTP Client / Server / Client-Server / Manual modes)

Modem

•Dynamic Speed Selection: QoS/RSSI based automatic speed selection (or fixed mode)

•RF Data Rates: Up to 32kbps in a 12.5kHz ETSI Channel & 56kbps in a 25kHz Channel

•ChannelShare+™: Advanced dynamic supervisory collision avoidance system

Security

•Support for 256-bit AES encryption#

•Password protected HTTP and HTTPS configuration/diagnostics management interface

•Password protected Telnet, SSH and Serial console interface

Diagnostics

•Compatible with the Trio TVIEW+ Diagnostics Network Management Software

•Embedded error rate testing facilities

•Diagnostics parameters available for Tx Power, RSSI, DV Supply Volts, Frequency Offset, Temperature and VSWR

•In-build event logging facility

Approvals

•Europe (ETSI): ETSI EN 300 113, EN 301 489, EN 60950

•United States (FCC): FCC Part 15, Part 90

•Canada (IC): IC RS119, ICES-001

•Australia (ACMA): ACMA AS4295-1995 (Data)

Note #: Export and import restrictions may apply.

Features and Benefits

Part B – Feature Overview

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

•Simplex or Half duplex operation

•Small form factor, rugged die cast housing

115 x 34 x 164mm (4.52” x 1.33” x 6.45”)

•10-30 V DC supply voltage.

•DIN Rail Mounting Kit Option

(TBURDIN-KIT-TYPEA)

Half Duplex Radio

Full Duplex Base Radio

Half Duplex Hot Standby Base Radio

Q Data Radio Range

Part B – Feature Overview

•Simplex or Half duplex operation

•Duplicated redundant transceiver configuration

•Automatic change-over

•19" 1RU rack mount

•Digital Inputs & Outputs

•Multiple power supply options:

•11-30 V DC

•-48 V DC

•110/240 V AC

•Full Duplex operation (100% duty cycle)

•19" 1RU rack mount

•Digital Inputs & Outputs

•Multiple power supply options:

•11-30 V DC

•-48 V DC

•110/240 V AC

QR450 - Half Duplex Radio

The QR450 Half Duplex Radio is ideal for remote applications as it has a smaller form factor, allowing the product to be

installed in space restricted cabinets/enclosures. The QR450 can also be used as an Entry Point (Base/Master Station) or

repeater for systems with a small number of remotes where the transmitter duty cycle is low.

Features of the QR450 include:

QP450 - Hot Standby Half Duplex Radio

Complimenting the QR450 half duplex remote radio, the QP450 half duplex radio is ideal for deployment at base & repeater

sites in systems using single frequency (simplex) operation. In high duty cycle applications, the QP450 delivers maximum

rated transmitter power in ambient temperatures up to +70°C (158°F).

The features of the QP450 include:

QB450 - Full Duplex Radio

Complimenting the QR450 half duplex remote radio, the QB450 full duplex radio is ideal for deployment at base & repeater

sites in systems using two frequency operation. In high duty cycle applications, the QB450 delivers maximum rated

transmitter power in ambient temperatures up to +70°C (158°F). Where 1+1 hot standby redundancy is required, the half

duplex QP450 and the full duplex QH450 are available.

Features of the QB450 include:

10 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Full Duplex Hot Standby Base Radio

QH450 - Hot Standby Full Duplex Radio

Complimenting the QR450 half duplex remote radio, the QH450 full duplex radio kit is ideal for deployment at base & repeater

sites in systems using two frequency operation. In high duty cycle applications, the QH450 delivers maximum rated transmitter

power in ambient temperatures up to +70°C (158°F). Where 1+1 hot standby redundancy is not required,

the full duplex QB450 base/repeater station is available.

The features of the QH450 include:

•Full Duplex operation (100% duty cycle)

•Ethernet link monitoring and shared IP address

provides smart Ethernet redundancy

•Remote monitoring, control and changeover of

duplicated base/repeater stations

•Hot swappable modular 19” rack mount

transceiver configuration (3 RU total)

•Automatic change over upon alarm detection of

transmitter, receiver, data alarm detection, power

supply and data connectivity.

•Digital Inputs & Outputs

•Multiple power supply options:

• 11-30 V DC

• -48 V DC

• 110/240 V AC

•Hot Standby Controller power supply

• 11-14V DC (from output of QBs)

• Max Current: 800mA

Part B – Feature Overview

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

System Topologies

Introduction

Fundamental to understanding the use of the Q data radio range in your system is the need for a basic understanding of the

different types of radio system topologies and system topology functions.

System Topologies:

Point to Point (PTP):

•A system topology with two radios, one Entry Point and one Remote

Point to Multipoint (PTMP):

•A system topology with three or more radios, one Entry Point that directly communicates to two or more Remotes.

Point to Multipoint via a Repeater (PTMP/R):

•A system topology with three or more radios, one Entry Point that communicates via a repeater to two or more

Remotes.

Point to Multipoint via multiple Repeaters:

•A system topology with four or more radios, one Entry Point that communicates via multiple cascaded repeaters to

one or more Remotes.

Multipoint to multipoint (MPTMP):

•A system topology with one Entry Point and one or more remotes, and no repeaters, where remotes can talk directly

to the Entry Point or to each other.

•Only works with Simplex frequencies.

System Topology Functions:

Entry Point:

•The radio where user data enters the systems. Typically connected (directly or indirectly) to the Master RTU or SCADA Host.

Repeater:

•A radio which repeats data from an Entry point to Remote, or Remote to Remote, or Repeater to Repeater.

Remote:

•A radio which is the endpoint or perimeter of the system topology.

Each type of network is described in the following diagrams.

Point-to-Point (PTP)

A Point to Point (PTP) network has one Entry Point and one Remote radio. When full duplex radios are installed, full data

throughput can be achieved in each direction. Alternatively, half-duplex radios can also be implemented although collision

avoidance should be enabled.

Full Duplex radios have the advantage that they simulate a cable connection with respect to the connected devices. Even

if one device transmits continuously it will not block the other device from sending data. This is useful for applications that

expect full duplex communications or that are not designated to be radio modem friendly.

12 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Point to Multipoint (PTMP)

A Point to Multipoint (PTMP) network is normally chosen when a central site (i.e.: The HOST application) needs to

communicate with multiple REMOTE sites.

Point to Multipoint (PTMP) operation requires the Entry Point site to have adequate RF coverage of all Remote sites. A PTMP

offers optimal available bandwidth and data latency when multiple remote sites are required.

In a multiple access radio system (MAS), communication occurs from a common site (the Entry Point) to all others, either

using a half duplex or simplex radio channel. In addition, remote sites can communicate to each for peer to peer messaging,

via the Entry Point.

For two frequency systems, to facilitate efficient data communication and support features such as the ‘Channel Share+’

collision avoidance mechanism, it is recommended that the Entry Point be a full duplex radio (QB/QH).

Utilizing a half duplex Entry Point radio is possible, however some features may not be available and system performance may

be lower when compared to using a full duplex entry point.

In most applications, this type of system topology is more efficient than other topologies.

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Point to Multipoint via Repeater (PTMP via Rep)

A Point to Multipoint via repeater (PTMP/R) network is a variation of the Point To Multipoint (PTMP) network. It is normally

chosen when the site where the Host application (i.e.: Entry Point) does not have adequate RF coverage of Remote sites in

the network.

This network topology consists of a radio configured as a Repeater (typically full duplex), an entry point radio and a number

of remotes. The repeater can be configured to repeat data based on either IP layer 2 (Bridge mode), or IP layer 3 (Router

mode) rules.

The repeater should be located at a site with adequate RF coverage to each of the remotes.

For two frequency systems, to facilitate efficient data communication and support features such as the ‘Channel Share+’

collision avoidance mechanism, it is recommended that the Repeater be a full duplex radio (QB/QH).

Utilizing a half duplex Entry Point radio is possible, however some features may not be available and system performance may

be lower when compared to using a full duplex entry point.

Other aspects of the Point to Multipoint network apply to this network topology.

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

14 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

A PTMP via multiple repeaters system is a variation of the PTMP/R system. It is normally chosen when the site where the Host

application (i.e.: Entry Point) together with the first repeater have inadequate RF coverage of remote sites in the network.

In this system topology, there are multiple radios configured as repeaters. The PTMP/R with multiple repeater system

topology is only possible when using IP routing mode. Each repeater is configured to repeat traffic based on destination IP

address.

The repeaters should be located at sites with adequate RF coverage for the remote sites. For two frequency systems, to

facilitate efficient data communication and support features such as the collision avoidance mechanism, it is recommended

that the first Repeater be a full duplex radio (QB/QH).

Utilizing a half duplex Repeater is possible, however some features may not be available and system performance may be

lower when compared to using a full duplex entry point.

Other aspects of the Point to Multipoint network apply to this network topology.

Point to Multipoint via Multiple Repeaters (PTMP via multiple Reps)

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Flat Multipoint to Multipoint (MPTMP) - Simplex

A Multipoint to Multipoint network is a variation of the Point To Multipoint network. It is primarily used when the system

requirement is for each site to be able to communicate directly with every other site. This requires every site to have

adequate RF line of sight to every other site along with the use of simplex frequencies (Rx & Tx frequencies are the same).

In this system topology, each site typically require the use of an omni directional antenna. This is to provide an even spread of

antenna gain to and from each site.

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

16 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Operating Modes

Introduction

This section assumes the reader has an operational understanding of industrial Ethernet.

A typical Ethernet network consists of a number of IP devices, all which share the requirement of data communication. In

order for a pair of devices within an Ethernet based network to communicate with one another, they need to be able to

address data to a specific destination (in this case, each other).

MAC Address - MAC addresses identify Ethernet devices on a network when operating at Layer-2. All Ethernet ports in

devices have their own unique media access control (MAC) address. There are special MAC addresses used for broadcast

and Multicast messages.

IP Address - An IP address is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., Radio, RTU, SCADA Host) participating in a

computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.

An IP address serves two principal functions:

•Host or network interface identification and

•Location addressing.

Subnet - A subnet is a subdivision of an IP network. It allows a network designer to segment a large IP network into

smaller, manageable sub networks. This can assist in the allocation of IP addresses and the management of network

bandwidth.

Subnet Mask - Together with the IP address, the subnet mask is used to determine which subnet a device belongs to.

Gateway - A gateway forwards IP messages between devices on different subnets in an IP network. A gateway uses

configurable routing rules to determine where to forward an IP message.

Route - A route is a rule that indicates where an IP message needs to be sent in order to get to a specific device on an IP network.

Transparent Bridge Mode

The Q data radios can be configured to operate in a transparent bridge mode. This mode transports all data as layer 2 Ethernet

traffic over the radio network. Each radio will behave like a layer 2 Ethernet switch, transparently forwarding data, based on rules,

dynamically determined from device MAC addresses. Although traffic is transported at layer 2, each radio requires an IP address

in order for a user to access radio management features (web server/telnet/diagnostics/etc..).

The example below shows a typical PTMP/R topology, with all radios operating in bridge mode.

From an IP network perspective, each radio within the topology above, effectively looks like an Ethernet switch. See the

example below.

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Router Mode

The Q data radios can also be configured to operate in router mode. Router mode provides the radio the ability to route IP

data, based on user configurable network routing rules (OSI model layer 3), between devices on different subnets.

The benefits of router mode include:

•Faster poll times

•Higher throughput

•Improved management of IP addresses

Each radio behaves as a network gateway for its corresponding subnet. This allows a network designer to segment a wide

area IP network (WAN) into smaller subnets, which minimizes the amount of over the air radio traffic. The example below

shows how router mode segments an IP radio network into smaller subnets. Each radio has it’s own subnet, represented in

the example by dashed colored boxes.

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

18 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Part D – Feature Detail

Hardware

QR450 - Half Duplex Radio

QB450 - Full Duplex Radio

QR450 Hardware Overview

M ti H l

Diagnostics & Management

• Status LEDs

RSSI O t t

oun

• Flat Panel Mounting

• DIN Rail Mounting

•

RSSI O

• Factory Reset

DC Powe

RF Port

• 10-30 V DC

• 5W standby

Ethernet Ports

• 2 x 10/100 MBps

• Auto MDIX Sensing

• Up to 10W RF Power

• High VSWR Foldback

• -40 to +70 degC (-40 to +158 degF)

•

Over Temperature

Foldback

•

Over Temperature

Foldback

Serial Ports

• Dual RS-232 Serial Ports

• Shared on sin

le DB-9 Connecto

• Break Out cable if two ports required

• RS-485 mode supported

QB450 Hardware Overview

Digital Inputs / Outputs

• 3 DI / 3 DO

•

Alarm Output

RF Port

• Up to 10W RF Power

•

Separate

/Rx Connections

•

Alarm Output

• Read/Write via SNMP

•

Separate

/Rx Connections

• High VSWR Foldback

• Over Temperature Foldback

S EDS

General

19” 1RU R k M t d

tatus L

EDS

• Status LEDs

• RSSI Output

•

Factory Reset

Ethernet Ports

• 3 x 10/100 MBps

•

uto MDIX Sensin

Serial Ports

• Dual RS-232 Serial Ports

Sh d i l DB

9C t

•

19” 1RU R

k M

oun

• -40 to +70 degC (-40 to +158

degF) @ 100% duty cycle

• Full Du

lex O

eration

Factory Reset

•

are

on s

9 C

onnec

• Break Out cable if two ports required

• RS-485 mode supported

• Temperature Controlled Fan

forced cooling

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

ARQs

Automatic Repeat reQuests (ARQs): When enabled, ARQs confirm successful reception of data transmitted over the air.

Each time a radio (originator) transmits data, the receiving radio replies with an acknowledgement back to the originator,

confirming successful reception of the data. If an acknowledgement is not received by the originator within an acceptable

time frame, the originator declares the data lost and retransmits the data. The number of retransmit attempts is user

configurable (i.e. when ARQ = 2, there will be a maximum of two retransmit attempts per message).

When Ethernet data is not successfully transmitted over a radio network (i.e. due to a data collision), Ethernet devices can

interpret this as network congestion, resulting in unnecessary slow down of SCADA polling. ARQs increase the probability of

successful transportation of data over the radio link. However, when ARQs are enabled, the capacity of the radio network is

reduced, due to the ARQ acknowledgements. As only one device can generate an acknowledgement for received data, ARQs

are not applicable to broadcast or multicast traffic

RF Speeds and Sensitivity

The Trio Q data radios use continuous phase

modulation (CPM) which supports up to 10 Watts

of transmitter output power, even at the fastest RF

data rate.

This avoids the need to compromise on range

when operating at the fastest speeds. Two

different radio variants and modulation types

are available, depending on the regulatory

requirements (FCC or ACMA/ETSI).

•TBURQx4xx-E00xxxxxx: ‘E’ denotes ACMA/ETSI

•TBURQx4xx-F00xxxxxx: ‘F’ denotes FCC

Note: Contact your local sales representative if

you need to confirm the applicable model for your

regulatory region.

Efficiency and Bandwidth

Regulatory

Region

Channel Bandwidth

(KHz) RF Speed (Kbps) BER threshold

(10^6)

FCC/IC

12.5

-113

-110

-107

-100

ACMA/

ETSI

12.5

-113

-110

-107

-100

-111

-109

-106

-99

Host Application to Entry

Point

Entry Point to Remote Remote to RTU

SCADA POLL SCADA POLL SCADA POLL

ARQ ACK

(ARQ flag enabled)

RTU RESPONSE RTU RESPONSE RTU RESPONSE

(ARQ flag enabled)

ARQ ON

Typical data transaction with ARQ enabled

ARQ ON

ARQ ACK

The example below shows the ARQ behavior between a pair of radios during a typical data transaction.

Part D – Feature Detail

20 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Host Application to Entry

Point

Entry Point to Remote Remote to RTU

SCADA POLL

ARQ ACK RTU RESPONSE RTU RESPONSE RTU RESPONSE

SCADA POLL Lost

ARQ ON

Automatic Retry Example

ARQ ON

ARQ ACK

The example below shows the ARQ behavior between a pair of radios when a packet is lost during a transmission (ARQ =1).

SCADA POLL

Acknowledgement wait time

ARQ ON

SCADA POLL

(Automatic Retry)

Note: The radio will wait 500ms for an acknowledgement, before sending an automatic retry. It is

recommended that the SCADA host poll response time out time is configured to be a minimum of 3

seconds.

Part D – Feature Detail

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Dynamic Speed Selection

Traditional narrow band SCADA data radios achieved wireless communication over long distances by transmitting at low

RF data rates (typically 9600bps or less). Modern SCADA systems require faster RF data rates, due to the need to support

additional traffic for Ethernet and IP. However, reliable transmission over long distances at faster RF data rates, can be difficult

to achieve.

To assist in reliable data transmission over long distances at faster RF data rates, the Trio Q data radios utilize dynamic speed

selection. Dynamic speed selection provides the following enhancements:

• Operation at the fastest possible RF speeds

• Measurement of Quality of Service - QoS (success of data delivery to other end) and

• Automatically adjusting to a slower RF speed to improve quality, if QoS is inadequate

Dynamic speed selection is individual for each remote in a point to multipoint (PTMP) system. Should one remote need to

operate at a slower RF speed due to limited received RF signal, others will continue to operate at the fastest possible RF

speed as dictated by their own received RF signal strength for that specific site.

RF Data Rate vs RF Sensitivity

As stated earlier in this section, Trio Q Data Radios have four different RF speeds for each channel bandwidth selection

(12.5kHz or 25kHz). Each RF speed has a corresponding receiver 1 x 10-6 BER (Bit Error Rate) sensitivity. The slower the RF

speed, the better RF sensitivity, and therefore the longer the range for a given level of reliability.

Very High Speed

High Speed

Medium Speed

Low Speed

Dynamic Speed Selection Example

The further away from the master station, the weaker the received signal.

Slower RF speeds are required for an acceptable level of reliability

The further away from the master station, the weaker the received signal. Slower RF speeds are required for an acceptable

level of reliability.

Consider the example shown in the diagram above. An entry point / base station is located in a fixed position. When

communicating with a remote radio, RF energy between the two radios diminishes in strength as the signal propagates over

distance.

Part D – Feature Detail

In a system with out dynamic RF speed selection, the user would need to configure a suitable fixed RF speed, dependent on

the signal strength at the remote site. In most applications, a minimum of 20dB fade margin is recommended for reliable

operation (due to rain fades, cable degradation, multipath fading, etc). If the remote radio is fixed at a specific RF speed,

then in order to maintain a received signal 20dB above the 1E-6 BER sensitivity (20dB fade margin), the user would need to

decrease the RF speed when the receiving radio is further away from the transmitter. This is depicted in the diagram above

by the concentric rings showing what RF speed can needs to be selected in order to maintain a 20dB fade margin.

22 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Consider now, in the below example where dynamic RF speed selection is enabled. Now that the receiving radio can adjust

its RF speed dynamically, a faster RF speed can be chosen for normal operation. Even though the faster RF speed will not

provide 20dB of fade margin, the system is still reliable because dynamic speed selection will drop down in RF speed when a

signal fade occurs.

Part D – Feature Detail

•Multiple different RF speeds can be

utilized simultaneously, as dictated by

the site distance from the base station.

•Each site will operated at the fastest

possible RF speed.

•Older technology can only operate at the

same fixed RF speed, normally dictated by

the site requiring the longest range.

•All other sites are compromised by having

to operate at the slower RF speed

Dynamic Speed - No Obstructions

Old Technology - No Obstructions

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

•Radios which detect reduced QoS

(Quality of Service) can increase

reliability by dynamically reducing

their RF speed to the base station.

•Sites which are not impacted by

reduced QoS remain unchanged.

•Older technology does not have the

ability to monitor the radio link QoS

or dynamically adjust the over the air

data rate, which can result in loss of

communications.

Part D – Feature Detail

Dynamic speed selection derives QoS from both RSSI (Received Signal Strength) and ARQ performance in order to maintain a

radio link operating at the fastest speed possible for the given quality of the link.

Each radio stores a table of destination MAC addresses vs fastest RF speed in a dynamic speed cache, using information learned

from previous transactions over the air. In this way, the radio dynamically learns what RF speed should be chosen for a transmission.

Should the transmission generate an ARQ, the radio will drop down in RF speed to improve reliability of data delivery.

In the event that radio has not yet learnt the fastest RF speed for a destination MAC, the message will be transmitted out at

the slowest RF speed in the given bandwidth, to provide the highest sensitivity, and therefore the highest reliability.

As broadcast and multicast addresses are potentially destined for multiple radios these types messages will always be

transmitted at the slowest speed. The following diagrams show how the RF data rate can be influenced by obstructions:

Dynamic Speed - With Obstructions

Old Technology - With Obstructions

24 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Dynamic Speed Cache

The dynamic speed cache is used by a radio to record specific external values that are learnt. These values are then used by

other processes within the radio (such as dynamic speed and ARQ) to help ensure optimum performance is achieved over

the radio channel.

External values that are learnt are shown in the table below.

Remote Host MAC Associated Radio Serial Number RSSI level

Remote Host MAC: The MAC address of a device which is connected to a remote radio.

Associated Radio Serial Number: The Unique ID of a remote radio with which the Remote Host Device/MAC is associated with.

RSSI level: The signal strength received from the radio specified within the associated radio serial number field.

A typical data packet structure is shown below. (For the purposes of this example, the preamble, Ethernet type and CRC

fields have been excluded.)

Data packets sent over the air between radios have an additional field appended. An example is shown below.

Destination MAC Source MAC Datagram

Radio Headers

Source Radio

Serial Number ARQ Flag

Destination MAC Source MAC Datagram

Part D – Feature Detail

Consider now, in the below example where dynamic RF speed selection is enabled. Now that the receiving radio can adjust

its RF speed dynamically, a faster RF speed can be chosen for normal operation. Even though the faster RF speed will not

provide 20dB of fade margin, the system is still reliable because dynamic speed selection will drop down in RF speed when a

signal fade occurs.

Dynamic speed selection derives QoS from both RSSI (Received Signal Strength) and ARQ performance in order to maintain a

radio link operating at the fastest speed possible for the given quality of the link. The two influencing factors are:

Each radio stores a table of destination MAC addresses vs fastest RF speed in a dynamic speed cache, using information

learned from previous transactions over the air. In this way, the radio dynamically learns what RF speed should be chosen for

a transmission. Should the transmission generate an ARQ, the radio will drop down in RF speed to improve reliability of data

delivery.

In the event that radio has not yet learnt the fastest RF speed for a destination MAC, the message will be transmitted out at

the slowest RF speed in the given bandwidth, to provide the highest sensitivity, and therefore the highest reliability.

As broadcast and multicast addresses are potentially destined for multiple radios these types messages will always be

transmitted at the slowest speed.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Introduction

In many SCADA and remote Telemetry applications, there exists the potential for over the air data collisions between radios.

This can occur when multiple asynchronous data traffic is present on the radio channel, such as SCADA polling, SCADA

exception reports, SNMP traps, pings and ARP requests.

In two frequency systems, collisions may occur on the receive channel of an Entry Point or Repeater radio, due to two or

more remotes transmitting simultaneously. If this occurs, the radio will receive a corrupted message from both radios and a

re-try will be required. Similarly, in simplex (single frequency) systems, collisions may occur on any receiving radio when two

or more radio transmit simultaneously.

In two frequency systems, collision avoidance minimizes the chance of collisions by configuring one radio, as the collision

avoidance master, which informs remote radios when the master’s receive RF channel is busy. Remotes will check whether

the master is allowing access to the channel before a transmission occurs. If the channel is free, the remote will transmit. if

the channel is busy, the remote will buffer the message and execute a small random delay (in case multiple remotes have

data to send), then attempt to access the channel again. By avoiding collisions the SCADA system is able to operate more

efficiently, with fewer retries. Similarly, in simplex (single frequency) systems, remote radios can detect when the Entry Point

or Repeater radio is transmitting, and wait for it finish, before transmitting itself.

For two frequency systems, there are two different modes of collision avoidance:

•Carrier Detect - Remote radios in a carrier detect collision avoidance system, listen for a transmission (carrier)

from the collision avoidance master, to determine if the collision avoidance master is currently busy receiving a

transmission from another remote. When the collision avoidance master receives a transmission from a remote, it

activates its own transmitter, indicating to all other remotes that the channel is busy.

In this mode of operation, remote radios can not distinguish between the collision avoidance master transmitting data

and the collision avoidance master indicating the channel is busy.

Carrier Detect Mode can also be used without a collision avoidance master. This is typically implemented in simplex

systems, or systems with a small number of remotes.

•ChannelShare+™ - Remote radios in a ChannelShare+ collision avoidance system, monitor a channel busy flag in the

digital data stream transmitted from the collision avoidance master to determine if the collision avoidance master

is currently busy receiving a transmission from another remote. When the collision avoidance master receives a

transmission from a remote, it activates its own transmitter and sets the channel busy flag, indicating to all other

remote the channel is busy. However, unlike carrier detect mode, if the collision avoidance master needs to transmit

data to remotes, it can do so and clear the channel busy flag.

In this mode of operation, remote radios can distinguish between the collision avoidance master transmitting data and

the collision avoidance master indicating the channel is busy. Even if the collision avoidance master is transmitting

data, a remote radio can transmit data back to the collision avoidance master. In this way the radio system can fully

utilize the full duplex capabilities of the Entry Point or the Repeater (collision avoidance master). The channel busy

flag consumes a small amount of bandwidth in the collision avoidance master to remote direction. However, as this

direction is one to many, it has negligible impact on radio network capacity.

ChannelShare+ can be used in two frequency, PTMP and PTMP/R system topologies where the Entry Point or Repeater

is full duplex. It is not available in simplex systems, or where the Entry Point/Repeater is half duplex or in PTMP via

multiple Repeaters system topologies.

Collision Avoidance

Part D – Feature Detail

26 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Data waiting to be

transmitted

Is C/A busy

flag set?

No Transmit data to

C/A master

Yes

Wait a random

time

Collision avoidance operational examples:

Collision avoidance (C/A) has a number of user configurable parameters. These parameters work together with the specific

mode of C/A chosen to minimise the number of collisions on the radio channel. Interaction of these parameters in C/A is best

explained by reviewing the operational flow charts for common C/A configurations.

ChannelShare+™ Example 1

This flow chart shows the C/A operation in a remote

radio with the following configuration:

•C/A: ChannelShare+

•Backoff Method: Retry After Tx attempt

•Backoff time:

- Max Slots: 16

- Slot Time: 20ms

•Data Priority: Tx Data

As it is possible that there may be more than one radio waiting to transmit data to the C/A master, a random wait time is

applied, to avoid two radios waiting the same time, retrying and then colliding. There are multiple configurable parameters

involved in when the wait time is applied and what amount of time is waited.

•Backoff Method - Defines ‘when’ a radio will implement the backoff time. In this example, the backoff method is

configured to ‘Retry After Tx Attempt’. If the C/A busy flag is clear, the remote will transmit data immediately. If the

C/A busy flag is set, the remote will wait a random Backoff time and try again.

The Backoff time is calculated by choosing a random number between 1 and ‘Max Slots’ (in this example 16) and multiplying

the number by the ‘Slot Time’ (in this example 20ms). In any remote radio, a smaller number of ‘Max Slots’ and ‘Slot Time’

can be configured to reduce the random Backoff time, which will increase the rate at which the radio checks the C/A busy

flag. In effect, a radio with a smaller backoff time has a higher probability of transmitting its data first, in a situation where

multiple remote radios are waiting for access the channel.

As the data priority is configured for Tx Data, the radio will transmit data even when an incoming data packet it being

received.

This collision avoidance configuration provides maximum radio channel efficiency and are recommended when there is

multiple asynchronous data traffic on the radio channel.

When data is ready to be transmitted, the remote radio

checks the C/A busy flag to see if it is set (i.e. is the C/A

master receiver busy). If the C/A busy flag is clear, the

data is transmitted to the C/A master. If the C/A busy

flag is set, the radio waits a random time before trying

again.

Part D – Feature Detail

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

ChannelShare+™ Example 2

This flow chart shows the C/A operation in a remote

radio with the following configuration:

•C/A: ChannelShare+

•Backoff Method: Delay Before Tx attempt

•Backoff time:

- Max Slots: 16

- Slot Time: 20ms

•Data Priority: Tx Data

Data waiting to be

transmitted

Wait a random

time

Is C/A busy

flag set?

Transmit data to

C/A master

Yes

Rx data ‘Priority’:

In PTMP/R system topologies, where the Entry Point radio is half duplex, the configuration of Rx data priority may be required.

This is particularly useful for asynchronous traffic, such as a combination of SCADA exception reporting and polling. In this

scenario, the probability that a data packet currently being receive by the Entry Point radio is for the Entry Point radio and not

for a remote, is high. Therefore, without Rx data priority, incoming packets to the Entry Point radio would be lost if priority was

given to transmitting packets.

The primary difference when compared to example 1, is that the radio applies the random wait time before any attempt is

made to check the C/A busy flag.

This collision avoidance configuration provides maximum radio channel efficiency when there is synchronous data traffic on

the radio channel (i.e. GPS timing, synchronous exception reports) .

When data is ready to be transmitted, the remote radio

waits a random time before checking the C/A busy flag

to see if it is set (i.e. is the C/A master receiver busy). If

the C/A busy flag is clear, the data is transmitted to the

C/A master. If the C/A busy flag is set, the radio repeats

the wait time and tries again.

Part D – Feature Detail

28 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Compression

In determining whether to use compression, the type of application and the latency requirements may need to be

considered. Compression will typically reduce the size of data packets being sent over the radio channel, if the original data

is compressible, at the expense of slightly (ie: a few milliseconds) longer latency. SCADA traffic such as DNP3 or Modbus are

well suited to compression. Applying compression to data that is highly random (ie: encrypted data) should be avoided as it is

unlikely to be compressible. Compression is enabled by default.

Ethernet Filtering

Ethernet filtering provides an easy to configure Layer 2 filtering mechanism, which can help prevent unnecessary Ethernet traffic

and increasing channel loading. There are various different addressing methodologies that can be filtered, which include:

Unicast:

Unicast is an addressing methodology that delivers messages to a single network destination

identified by a unique address.

Multicast:

Multicast is an addressing methodology that delivers messages to a group of destination addresses

simultaneously in a single transmission. Spanning tree messages are an example of multicast

messages.

Broadcast:

Broadcast is an addressing methodology that delivers messages to every device on a network. The

broadcast address of a device is calculated from the subnet mask. If all devices within a network use a

common network mask, the broadcast address will also be common.

Although typical SCADA applications only require Unicast & ARP data, the filtering mechanism provides the option to allow:

•All Ethernet traffic

•Unicast & ARP only (ARP is primarily used by networks to identify which physical devices own which IP addresses).

•Unicast only (Only used when a MAC address table is statically assigned).

•Or allow traffic from a single MAC address only.

Although Spanning tree messages are multicast messages, they are also filtered out unless the user is allowing all Ethernet

traffic to pass. This also helps to prevent unnecessary channel loading.

Part D – Feature Detail

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Connectivity

Embedded Serial Device Server

A serial device server can perform two tasks: encapsulate serial data within IP headers to allow transportation of the serial

data over a LAN/WAN, or take IP encapsulated serial data, strip off the IP headers and output the raw serial data. Normally,

systems require a standalone device server to integrate external serial devices at remotes sites into a managed LAN/WAN.

Q data radios provide the functionality of two embedded device servers which avoids the requirement for an external device

server. The example below shows a traditional IP radio, Ethernet to serial topology, using an external device server.

In a system that requires a serial connection to a remote end device and an Ethernet connection at the Host application end,

the device server should be enabled within the remote radio. When the embedded device server is enabled, the remote radio

provides the same functionality as if there was an external device server at the remote site. This functionality is also available

in a PTMP system.

Device Server mode provides an easily configurable mechanism for transporting serial traffic that does not have any built-in

addressing. The benefit of the device server feature is that device addressing can be performed using IP addresses for non-

addressable serial protocols, without the need for external terminal servers or managing serial devices using the IP address of

the remote radio.

Features of the embedded serial device server include:

•Support for two independent fully configurable serial device servers.

•Support for three transport protocols: TCP, UDP and PPP.

•Support for three modes of TCP operation: Client mode, Server mode and Client/Server mode.

•User-configurable port numbers.

•Support for up to 4 simultaneous TCP connections when operating in server mode.

The diagram below shows a typical setup using the device server functionality in remote radios.

Part D – Feature Detail

30 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Embedded MODBUS Gateway

Q data radios have an embedded MODBUS Gateway feature that can be enabled to function like an external MODBUS

gateway. The MODBUS gateway is a protocol converter between MODBUS/TCP and MODBUS RTU protocols. The gateway is

an addition to the Device Server feature on the legacy serial port.

When operating in MODBUS gateway mode, the remote radio provides the same functionality as if there was an external

MODBUS gateway at each remote site of the system. In traditional systems, standalone MODBUS gateways were required to

convert the IP MODBUS TCP protocol to MODBUS RTU, the example below shows a traditional MODBUS TCP system using a

stand-alone MODBUS gateway at each remote site.

When operating in MODBUS gateway mode, the remote radio provides the same functionality as if there was an external

MODBUS gateway at each remote site.

Features of the embedded MODBUS gateway include:

•Support for two independent fully configurable MODBUS gateways.

•Support for two transport protocols: TCP and UDP.

•Support for two modes of TCP operation: Client mode and Server mode.

•User-configurable port numbers.

•Support for up to 16 simultaneous TCP connections when operating in server mode.

MODBUS gateway mode provides an easily configurable mechanism for transporting serial traffic over an IP network (LAN/

WAN). A benefit of the MODBUS gateway feature is that the limitation of MODBUS addressing (0-255) can be ignored as

the IP address of the radio can be used giving unlimited addresses to external equipment such as RTUs or PLCs. Below is

an example of a typical system using the MODBUS gateway (remote) feature at each remote site to avoid the limitation of

MODBUS addressing.

Part D – Feature Detail

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

SNMP Diagnostics

The Q data radio range can provide SNMP diagnostic data via an internal SNMP agent. The radio supports SNMP v1 & v2c along with

notifications which includes traps and informs. SNMP facilities include RFC1213, Ethernet diagnostics and radio diagnostics

The features and benefits of SNMP diagnostics include:

•SNMP messages/notifications that can be sent to Clear SCADA or SNMP management software.

•SNMP notifications that provide real time alarm detection reporting.

•Helping to eliminate the need for radio polling.

•Radios that can send diagnostic information via SNMP periodically (diagnostics heartbeat).

Schneider Electric supply .MIB files can be imported into most major SNMP Management consoles. These .MIB files define

the contents of the SNMP parameters including a description for each parameter. The parameters are sorted into six distinct

groups: General, Radio, Security, LAN, Error and Notification.

SNMP Notifications

The Q data radios have the capability to send SNMP notifications. An SNMP notification is a message to inform a user that

a radio state has changed. These states include: input voltage, temperature, Tx power, etc. There are two types of SNMP

notifications available: traps and informs.

•A trap is a single UDP message that is sent from the Q data radios to a user defined SNMP manger.

•An inform is still a UDP message, however, an inform requests a response to the UDP message sent. This allows retries

and time outs to be used within the radio.

QR450 that has fallen

onto battery backup

voltage. An SNMP

notification has been

sent to the SNMP

management software.

Ease of Use

Part D – Feature Detail

32 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Web User Interface (WUI)

Q data radios provide a graphical Web User Interface (WUI) which can be accessed by a web browser to perform

configuration changes. This helps to eliminate the requirement for stand-alone configuration software to be installed on a PC.

Text User Interface (TUI)

The text user interface (TUI) provides an alternative to the HTML web user interface for configuration and diagnostics. The

TUI can be accessed directly from the serial port of the Q data radio or via a telnet or SSH session. The TUI is enabled on

COM 1 by default, while Telnet is also enabled by default, however, this requires an Ethernet connection. Access to the TUI

via the serial port is useful if you have forgotten the IP address of the radio you are trying to configure or diagnose.

Part D – Feature Detail

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Diagnostics Tools

The Q data radios provide SNMP access to radio diagnostics as well as providing embedded (web) diagnostics and

commissioning features.

Radio Diagnostics:

The Q data radios include the ability for installers

to review useful radio & Ethernet diagnostics

parameters. The parameters include unit specific

(date & time), network specific (Ethernet traffic)

and radio specific parameters (Tx Power, DC volts,

etc). Diagnostics can be accessed via the web user

Interface or using the TVIEW+ Diagnostics suite (via

eDiags) or via serial console (COM 1 enabled by

default). Diagnostics can also be accessed via SNMP.

Statistics Log:

The Q data radios include the ability to measure and

record radio diagnostics and performance statistics

over a period of time. This facility is known as the

statistics log. The statistics log can be configured to

display/log data at a low, medium or high frequency

depending on a user’s requirements and can also be

saved to a CSV file for further analysis.

Event Log:

Trio Q data radios include the ability to record events that have happened to the radio while it is being powered up. Examples

of events include: High VSWR level, input voltage out of range and configuration changes. The event log history can be

filtered to allow users to inspect the frequency of certain events.

Part D – Feature Detail

34 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Broadcast Firmware Upgrades

The TView+ Management Suite provides an over-the-air firmware update tool for Q Data radios. The firmware update feature

is speed-limited to help prevent RF channel congestion and can broadcast to all of the remotes within a Q data radio system.

Broadcasting to all remotes has the benefit of upgrading the alternative firmware pack in many radios simultaneously, without

the need to send firmware to each remote radio individually. Due to the speed-limiting of the firmware upgrade process,

SCADA data will not be blocked or interfered with while firmware packs are being transferred.

Each radio stores two sets of firmware. The current firmware pack is the firmware the radio is running from. The alternative

firmware pack is a secondary (optional) area where alternative firmware can be stored. When the alternative firmware pack

has been updated, it can then be activated which moves the alternative firmware into the current firmware pack area, and

causes the radio to reboot using the new firmware.

The firmware upgrade tool also provides the capability of individual activation or group activation, depending on user

preference. Firmware upgrades are typically done using “patch” files where only the difference between the current and

target firmware is actually sent. This reduces the over the air transmission of firmware data by up to 90%

See Part J for detailed information on this topic.

Packet Transmission Testing:

When commissioning a radio link, it is useful to generate Ethernet traffic to test the link for functional performance. One

method of generating traffic is using the “ping” utility provided on MS Windows based operating systems. Another method is

to perform a packet transmission test. This can be done using the “Packet Transmission Test” facility provided in the radio.

To perform the test, the user specifies the destination radio or Ethernet device IP address, number of packets to send, time

between packets (in milliseconds), packet length (in bytes), timeout and time between page refreshing. The test facility will

then execute the test and provide the results, which can then form part of the commissioning process.

Part D – Feature Detail

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Trio E Mode Compatibility

Trio Q data radios can be configured to operate in E-Series mode. This can help a user to determine the length of time a full

system upgrade will take. See the examples below:

Typical E-Series system - Stage 1

The diagram below shows a typical E-Series system.

E-Series system upgrade - Stage 2

New installations or replacements of E-Series radios can be performed with Q data radios operating in E-Series compatibility

mode. This allows for a controlled and steady system upgrade. The diagram below shows Q data radios operating within an

E-Series system.

Part D – Feature Detail

36 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Switch system to Q Mode - Stage 3

Once an entire system has been converted to Q data radios, the radios can be configured to operate in Q Mode, allowing for

faster over the air speeds.

Part D – Feature Detail

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Unsecured Network

•SSH will help to prevent “man in the

middle” attacks over Insecure networks.

•All traffic between the client and TUI is

encrypted.

Network Management PC

•Running SSH client software (i.e. Putty) which

authenticates with the SSH server (i.e. remote

radio).

•Authentication occurs by comparing device

fingerprint with fingerprint stored in client’s register.

•Once the SSH server is authenticated, the SSH

client will establish an encrypted terminal session

with the TUI (Text User Interface) that allows for

configuration and diagnostics.

Remote Devices

•Embedded Secure Shell (SSH) server provides

access to the text user interface.

•Encryption will be used to communicate with an

SSH client during a configuration session.

•Once an SSH client has established a session to

the SSH server, the client will not be granted access

to the configuration until the pre-configured user

name and password has been entered.

Secure Shell (SSH)

SSH provides a secure and authenticated method for remotely accessing the Q data radios text user interface (TUI) for

configuration and diagnostics.

To access Q data radios via SSH, the network management PC requires an SSH-capable program (ie: Putty).

All traffic over the SSH connection is encrypted.

During the first connection to the SSH terminal software, a “fingerprint” of the remote device is taken and stored on the

Network Management PC. This allows for authentication in the future.

The SSH session also requires the user to enter a user name and password for authorized access to the TUI.

SSH example:

Security

Password Protection

Configuration information can be protected by a user-defined login name and password. When a password is set, the

programmer will request the password each time the radio is read. No configuration information can be displayed or changed

without the entry of the correct password.

AES encryption

The 256-bit AES encryption feature can provide an encrypted channel that helps to prevent eaves-dropping and snooping.

The effort for configuration is minimal as the radio automatically adjusts, to keep packet transport compatible (i.e.: MODBUS

messages are not broken up). Enabling encryption requires additional overhead depending on packet sizes being sent.

Part D – Feature Detail

38 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

HTTP Secure (HTTPS)

HTTPS provides a secure and authenticated method for remotely accessing the Q data radios Web User Interface (WUI) for

configuration and diagnostics.

To access the Q data radios via HTTPS, use a web browser which has HTTPS capabilities. Common web browsers which

provide HTTPS capabilities include: Internet Explorer, Firefox and Chrome.

The HTTPS client (web browser) will request a digitally-signed certificate from the HTTPS server (Q data radios) to help

ensure that the target device is authentic.

All traffic over the HTTPS connection is encrypted.

Two methods of certificate management are available: Self-signed certificates generated by the radio itself or the use of

certificates generated by external certificate servers.

Unsecured Network

•SSH will help to prevent “man in the

middle” attacks over Insecure networks.

•All traffic between the client and TUI is

encrypted.

Network Management Server

•Using HTTPS Protocol, the Web Browser connects

to the target remote radio web server.

•The web browser uses digitally-signed certificates

to confirm the identity of the remote device.

•The web browser will have a list of trusted

Certification Authorities. If the Certificate is not

signed from a trusted CA, a warning message will

be displayed.

•Remote certificate is compared with local copy (or

with copy on certificate server).

•If certificates don’t match (or don’t exist) a warning

message is displayed.

•If certificates match then warnings are not

displayed.

Remote Devices

•Remote devices can be configured to enable

HTTP and HTTPS separately.

•Certificates can be self-signed (generated by

the Q data radios radio itself) or 3rd-party

certificates can be used.

Part D – Feature Detail

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Part E – Radio Planning and Design

Obstructed Radio Path

This path has an obstruction that will reduce the signal

arriving at the field site.

Understanding RF Path Requirements

A radio modem needs a minimum amount of received

RF signal to operate reliably and provide adequate data

throughput.

In most cases, spectrum regulatory authorities will

also define or limit the amount of signal that can be

transmitted, and the transmitted power will decay with

distance and other factors, as it moves away from the

transmitting antenna.

It follows, therefore, that for a given transmission level,

there will be a finite distance at which a receiver can

operate reliably with respect to the transmitter.

Apart from signal strength reduction due to distance,

other factors that will decay a signal include obstructions

(hills, buildings, foliage), horizon (effectively the bulge

between two points on the earth), and factors such as

fog, heavy rain-bursts, dust storms, etc.

In order to ascertain the available RF coverage from a

transmitting station, it will be necessary to consider these

factors. This can be done in a number of ways, including

(a) Using basic formulas to calculate the theoretically

available signal - allowing only for free space loss

due to distance,

(b) Using sophisticated software to build earth

terrain models and apply other correction factors

such as earth curvature and the effects of

obstructions, and

It is good design practice to consider the results of at

least two of these models to design a radio path.

Clear line of sight

Radio path with good signal levels, attenuated only by

free space loss.

Radio Path analysis

40 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Effect of Earth Curvature on Long Paths

This path requires greater mast height to offset the earth curvature experienced at such a distance (73km).

Part E – Radio Planning and Design

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

BER & Fade Margin

The BER specification used by the Q data radios

shows ‘1 x 10E -6 BER’. This means one bit of

data in a million bits of data will error at the BER

threshold level. The BER threshold values can

vary depending on the over the air data rate (RF

speed). The BER thresholds can be found in the

table shown.

Fade Margin is the amount by which a received

signal level may be reduced without causing

system performance to fall below a specified

threshold value, in this case, the specified

threshold value is defined by the radio’s Bit Error

Rate (BER).

20dB to 30dB fade margins are typical design

targets, however, 15db may still be acceptable if

this is all that is possible.

Fade margin is required to maintain the radio link quality if the signal fades, factors that can influence signal fading include:

• Reflections

• Rain

• Maintenance Issues

The amount of fade margin a radio link has can be calculated by performing a theoretical system gain calculation.

Factors that can influence system gain include:

•Tx power of Transmitting Radio

•Coaxial Cable

•Antenna Gains

•Free Space Loss

•Rx sensitivity of receiving radio

See the example below

The example is showing the factors within a radio link that can influence the signal strength of the transmitting radio at the

receiving radio (total system gain). Once the total system gain is calculated, the result is -88 dB. This means the received

signal strength (RSSI) at the receiving radio should be -88dBm.

As the BER threshold of the receiving radio is at -116 dBm, with an RSSI value of -88, the fade margin, before 1 bit in a

million bits of data become lost, is 28 dB. In other words, the RSSI level at the receiving radio can fluctuate up to -28 dB

before data loss may start to occur in over the air transmissions.

Regulatory

Region

Channel Bandwidth

(KHz) RF Speed (Kbps) BER threshold

(10^6)

FCC

12.5

-113

-110

-107

-100

ACMA/

ETSI

12.5

-113

-110

-107

-100

-111

-109

-106

-99

Part E – Radio Planning and Design

42 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Radio Accessories

Antennas

Antenna Placement

When mounting the antenna, it is necessary to consider

the following criteria:

The mounting structure will need to be solid enough to

withstand additional loading on the antenna mount due to

extreme wind, ice or snow (and in some cases, large birds).

For Omni directional antennas, it is necessary to consider

the effect of the mounting structure (tower mast or

building) on the radiation pattern. Close-in structures,

particularly steel structures, can alter the radiation

pattern of the antenna. Where possible, Omni antennas

should be mounted on the top of the mast or pole

to minimise this effect. If this is not possible, mount

the antenna on a horizontal outrigger to get it at least

1-2m (3-6 ft) away from the structure. When mounting

on buildings, a small mast or pole, 2-4m (6-12ft) can

significantly improve the radiation pattern by providing

clearance from the building structure.

For directional antennas, it is generally only necessary to

consider the structure in relation to the forward radiation

pattern of the antenna, unless the structure is metallic,

and of a solid nature. In this case it is also prudent to

position the antenna as far away from the structure as is

practical. With directional antennas, it is also necessary

to ensure that the antenna cannot move in such a way

that the directional beamwidth will be affected. For long

YAGI antennas, it is often necessary to install a fibreglass

strut to stabilize the antenna under windy conditions.

Antenna Gain

By compressing the transmission energy into a disc or

beam, the antenna provides more energy (a stronger

signal) in that direction, and thus is said to have a

performance “gain” over a basic Omni antenna. Gain

is usually expressed in dBd, which is referenced to a

standard folded dipole. Gain can also be expressed

in dBi, which is referenced to a theoretical “isotropic”

radiator. Either way, if you intend to send and receive

signals from a single direction, there is advantage in

using a directional antenna - due to the increased signal

in the wanted direction, and the relatively decreased

signal in the unwanted direction (i.e. “interference

rejection” properties).

There are basically two types of antennas –

omnidirectional and directional.

Omnidirectional antennas are designed to radiate signal

in a 360 degrees segment around the antenna. Basic

short range antennas such as folded dipoles and ground

independent whips are used to radiate the signal in a

“ball” shaped pattern. High gain Omni antennas such as

the “co-linear” compress the sphere of energy into the

horizontal plane, providing a relatively flat “disc” shaped

pattern which goes further because all of the energy is

radiated in the horizontal plane.

Directional antennas are designed to concentrate the signal

into a “beam” of energy for transmission in a single direction

(i.e. for point-to-point or remote to base applications).

Beamwidths vary according to the antenna type, and so can

be selected to suit design requirements. The most common

directional antenna is the YAGI, which offers useable beam

widths of 15-40 degrees. Higher “gain” is available using

parabolic “dish” type antennas such as gridpacks.

Connecting Antennas and RF Feeders

The RF antenna system should be installed in

accordance with the manufacturer’s notes. Consider

the antenna gain when setting transmit power on the

radio. EIRP limits will vary depending on your geographic

location. Check with your local authority to ensure you

are abiding to the local laws.

Alignment of Directional Antennas

This is generally performed by altering the alignment of the

antenna whilst measuring the received signal strength. If the

signal is weak, it may be necessary to pre-align the antenna

using a compass, GPS, visual or map guidance in order to

“find” the wanted signal. Yagi antennas have a number of

lower gain “lobes” centred around the primary lobe. When

aligning for optimal signal strength, the antenna should be

scanned through at least 90 degrees, to help ensure that

the centre (strongest) lobe is identified.

When aligning a directional antenna, avoid placing your

hands or body in the vicinity of the radiating element

or the forward beam pattern, as this will affect the

performance of the antenna.

WARNING

HAZARD OF RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) BURNS

Ensure that a matching load or antenna is attached to the RF port prior to

applying power to the device.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

Part E – Radio Planning and Design

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

RF Feeders and Protection

Lightning Arrestor

A lightning arrestor is used to help minimize lightning damage to radio devices. Lightning arrestors are made to bleed off

electrostatic build-up to help prevent a direct lightning strike from hitting the antenna system. Also, if a lightning strike

happens nearby, the arrestor helps to route the energy to ground.

The lightning arrestor is typically installed on the inside of a radio hut, between a coaxial tail lead the antenna feeder cable.

The lightning arrestor comes with an N-Type female socket on each end.

RF Coaxial Cable

There are many types of RF coaxial cables available, but it is sometimes difficult to

know which type of cable to use.

There are two main aspects of a cable to consider when selecting the right cable for

the job.

Bend Radius:

The bend radius of a cable is a specification given to a cable to define how flexible

the cable is. Exceeding the bend radius specification can change characteristics

within the cable and lead to reduced RF performance. The thicker the cable is, the

wider its bend radius will be, however, the thicker the cable, the lower its electrical

resistance will be, providing less impact on the radio system gain.

The cable connected from the radio to the lightning arrestor is typically quite short. This allows a thin, flexible cable to be

used. Thin flexible cables have a higher electrical resistance characteristic than thick rigid cables, but as there is only a short

length being used, the impact on radio system gain is negligible. The thick rigid cable is typically connected from the hut to

the top of an antenna mast connected to an antenna.

Cable Loss:

Each cable has its own specified cable loss characteristics. These characteristics can vary depending on what frequency is

being carried through the cable. See the table below for typical cable loss values.

Loss (dB) Relative to Distance (m) - at 450MHz

Cable Type 1 dB 3 dB 6 dB 9 dB

RG58 2.3 m (7ft 6in) 7 m (23ft) 14 m (46ft) 20 m (65ft 6in)

RG223 3.1 m (10ft) 8 m (26ft) 18 m (59ft) 28 m (92ft)

RG213 6.1 m (20ft) 18 m (59ft) 37 m (121ft 6in) 55 m (180ft 6in)

LDF 4-50 19 m (62ft) 57 m (187ft) 114 m (374ft) 171 m (561f)

LDF 5-50 38 m (124ft) 114 m (374ft) 229 m (751ft) 343 m (1125ft)

Part E – Radio Planning and Design

44 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Half Duplex Radio - QR450

Typical Radio Setup

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Welcome to the quick reference guide for the Q data radios. This guide provides general information on the physical

attributes of the Q data radios including, physical dimensions, mounting guides, LED indications and physical interface

connections.

Introduction

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Physical Dimensions

Note : Drawings not to scale.

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Mounting Instructions

The radio should be mounted in a clean and dry location, protected from water, excessive dust, corrosive fumes, extremes

of temperature and direct sunlight. In high power or high temperature applications, please allow sufficient passive or active

ventilation. To avoid moisture ingress it is suggested to mount the radio with the connectors facing downwards.

When mounting the equipment, consideration should be given to the environmental aspects of the site. The cabinet should

be positioned so that it is shaded from potential high temperature of the afternoon sun, or icy cold wind. Although the radios

are designed for harsh temperature extremes, they will give a longer service life if operated in a more stable temperature

environment.

In an industrial environment, the radio modems should be isolated from excessive vibration, which can destroy electronic

components, joints, and crystals. The cabinet should provide full protection from moisture, dust, corrosive atmospheres,

and residue from ants and small vermin (which can be corrosive or conductive). The radio modem will radiate heat from the

in-built heat sink, and the higher the transmitter duty cycle, the more heat will be radiated from the heat sink. Ensure there is

sufficient ventilation in the form of passive or forced air circulation to help ensure that the radio is able to maintain quoted

temperature limits.

The QR450 is designed with four mounting holes to allow a flat mount of the radio. Each QR450 comes standard with four

16mm x 40mm self drilling screws. The heads of these screws are low profile wafer heads with a no. 2 Phillips recess.

46 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

DIN rail mounting kit

An optional DIN rail mounting kit is available for the QR450. The Mount is screwed onto the bottom of the QR450 giving the

unit the ability to be simply ‘clipped’ and Locked onto 7.5 mm by 35 mm (0.3 in. x 1.4 in.) DIN rail.

Each DIN rail kit supplies:

• A DIN rail mounting bracket

• A Phoenix DIN rail clip

• x4 Countersunk M4X8 screws (to mount DIN rail clip to bracket)

• x4 M4 nuts (to mount DIN rail clip to bracket)

• x4 Pan head M3X6 screws (to mount Spread spectrum radio to bracket)

• x4 Pan head M4X2.5 screws (to mount M-Series to bracket)

• x4 Pan head M4X8 screws (to mount QR450 to bracket)

Note : Drawings not to scale.

118.5mm [4.66in.] (128.5mm [5.05in.] with DIN

clip fitted on rear)

12mm

[0.47in.]

2.5mm

[0.09in.]

48.5mm [1.9in.]

175mm

[6.89in.]

DIN rail mounting bracket

(58.5mm [2.3in.] with DIN

clip fitted on bottom)

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

2.5mm

[0.09in.]

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

26mm

[1.02in.]

34mm

[1.33in.]

34mm [1.34in.]

58.5mm

[2.3in.]

70.5mm [2.77in.]

10mm

[0.39in.]

58mm [2.28in.] 58mm [2.28in.]59mm [2.32in.]

10mm

[0.39in.]

5mm

[0.19in.]

7mm

[0.27in.]

70.5mm [2.77in.]

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

34mm

[1.33in.]

48 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

DIN rail clip

The DIN rail clip has a spring loaded latch to allow easy installation/removal of the radio device being installed.

The DIN rail clip can be fitted to the DIN rail mounting bracket x5 different ways to allow as much installation flexibility as

possible.

Rear mount DIN rail clip

The DIN rail clip can be fitted on the rear of the DIN rail mounting bracket two ways shown below.

Examples of rear fitted DIN clips:

68mm [2.68in.]

16mm [0.62in.]

[0.62in.]16mm

10mm [0.39in.]

5mm [0.19in.]

44mm

[1.73in.]

[0.39in.]10mm

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Bottom mount DIN rail clip

The DIN rail clip can be fitted on the bottom of the DIN rail mounting bracket three different ways shown below.

Examples of bottom fitted DIN clips:

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

50 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Physical Interfaces

Antenna port

(TNC)

Serial port -

COM 1 & 2 Ethernet USB port

DC input

10 to 30 V

port 1

Ethernet

port 2

Power Supply Requirements

Rated Operating Voltage: 10 to 30V DC

Input Power (Rx typical): 5 Watts

Input Power (Tx typical): (See table below)

Typical receive/standby input power is 5 Watts. The input power will vary in transmit

mode according to RF output power level.

The QR450 is supplied with a lock-in mating DC power connector which should be

installed with the locking screws done up tightly (0.5 - 0.6 Nm / 4.42 - 5.31 ftin ).

The radio is designed to limit damage if the voltage exceeds 30V DC or if reverse

polarity is applied. The field replaceable internal fuse has a 7 Amp rating. Fuse

replacement instructions can be found within this user manual.

Tx Power (dBm) Typical Input

Power (Watts)

30 22

37 37

40 51

Connect and secure the antenna, Ethernet and serial connectors BEFORE applying power to the unit. Lastly, before inserting

the power connector, re-check that the polarity and voltage is correct using a multimeter and check the power cable against

the +/- label printed on the front panel of the radio.

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

NOTICE

HAZARD OF EQUIPMENT DAMAGE

The radio modem can be damaged if there is any potential difference between the

chassis-ground, RS232 signal ground, power (-) input, or antenna coaxial shield.

Before connecting any wiring, ensure all components are earthed to a common

ground point.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in equipment damage.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Full Duplex Radio - QB450

Typical Radio Setup

52 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Mounting

The QB450 Full Duplex Radio is housed in a 1RU 19” rack enclosure. The radio is supplied with x2 1RU mounting brackets,

which should be fitted to each side of the radio before it can be installed into a 19” rack. The mounting brackets can be fitted

to the side of the radio in 3 different locations to provide different mounting capabilities: Front Mount, Proud Mount or Center

Mount.

The radio should be mounted in a clean and dry location, protected from water, excessive dust, corrosive fumes, extremes of

temperature and direct sunlight. Please allow sufficient passive or active ventilation to allow the radio modem’s heat sink to

operate efficiently.

Antenna connections, Power connections and Digital I/O are all made at the rear of the unit.

All User ports, including; Serial Com ports, Ethernet ports, and Aux port are located on the front panel to provide easy access.

Front Mount

Fixing the mounting brackets for a front mount,

allows the front of the radio to be flush with the

front of a 19” rack.

Proud Mount

Fixing the mounting brackets for a proud

mount, allows the front of the radio to slightly

hang over the front of a 19” rack.

Center Mount

Fixing the mounting brackets for a center

mount, allows the radio to be mounted into a

19” rack which contains a center pillars.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Physical Dimensions

Metric:

Body: - 436mm x 45mm x 405mm (D = 426mm including RF Ports) (L = 483mm With mounting wings)

Mounting: - 465mm x 38mm

Imperial:

Body: - 17.17in x 1.77in x 15.94in (D = 16.77in including RF Ports) (L = 19in With mounting wings)

Mounting: - 18.3in x 1.5in

Note : Drawings not to scale.

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

54 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Power Supply Requirements

Optional Operating Voltages:

• 11 to 30V DC (Dual Input)

• -48V DC (Dual Input)

• 110/240Volts AC (Single or Dual Input)

Input Power (Rx typical): 35 Watts

Input Power (Tx typical): (See table below)

Note: In high ambient temperature situations, the internal fans may operate,

resulting in an increase of input power of up to 28 Watts.

Typical receive/standby input power is 35 Watts. The input power will vary in

transmit mode according to RF output power level.

The QB450 is supplied with a lock-in mating DC power connector which should be

installed with the locking screws done up tightly (0.5 - 0.6 Nm / 4.42 - 5.31 ftin ).

The radio is designed to limit damage if the voltage exceeds the operating voltage or if reverse polarity is applied. The field

replaceable internal fuse has a 12 Amp rating.

Connect and secure the Antenna, Ethernet and Serial connectors BEFORE applying power to the unit. Lastly, before inserting the

power connector, re-check that the polarity and voltage is correct using a multimeter and check the power cable against the +/-

label printed on the rear panel of the radio.

Tx Power (dBm) Typical Input

Power (Watts)

30 55

37 70

40 84

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

NOTICE

HAZARD OF EQUIPMENT DAMAGE

The radio modem can be damaged if there is any potential difference between the

chassis-ground, RS232 signal ground, power (-) input, or antenna coaxial shield.

Before connecting any wiring, ensure all components are earthed to a common

ground point.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in equipment damage.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Physical Interfaces

Serial port -

COM 1 & 2 USB port

Auxiliary

port

Ethernet Ports

1 2 3

Tx Antenna

port (N-Type)

Rx Antenna

port (N-Type)

Primary DC input

11 to 30 V

Secondary DC

input 11 to 30 V

12 V DC output

(for QH-HSC)

Digital inputs

1, 2 & 3

Digital outputs

1, 2 & 3

Front Panel

Rear Panel (11 to 30 VDC power supply option)

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

56 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Hot Standby Full Duplex Radio - QH450

Introduction

Welcome to the Quick Start Guide for the QH450 Hot Standby full duplex radio. This section provides additional installation

considerations, wiring diagrams and operational descriptions. This document should be read in conjunction with the QB450 full

duplex radio Quick Start Guide.

The QH450 is a redundant, hot standby full duplex radio providing automatic changeover facilities.

The QH450 is designed as a modular solution, comprising 2 identical QB450 full duplex radios (standard) linked to a central

monitoring and changeover controller (Hot Standby Controller). Either QB450 may be taken out for maintenance without the

need for system down time. The automatic changeover can be triggered by the online out of tolerance (alarm) conditions based

on either RF and/or user data throughput parameters.

QB450 - Full Duplex Radio

QHHSC - Hot Standby

Controller

QB450 - Full Duplex Radio

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Operational Description

The QH Hot Standby Controller (QHHSC) unit is a 1RU rack mounted module that interfaces to two separate full duplex

radios (each 1RU rack mounted modules) via a number of RF and data cables.

Both full duplex radios (Radio A & Radio B) operate simultaneously and should both be constantly receiving radio signals,

however only data from one radio (the “online” radio) is directed to the user equipment. The online radio is also the only unit

transmitting at any time. The Hot Standby Controller has the following functions:

• Amplify and split the incoming signal two ways so both radio A and radio B receive at once.

• Monitor the alarm output from both radio A and radio B and change over the online radio if required.

• Switch all user data through to the online radio.

• Switch the antenna via internal coaxial relay to the online radio transmitter (Requires QHHSC Kit Option A).

Digital switching in the QHHSC directs user data to and from the user ports on the front panel directly to the user ports of the

online radio.

The QHHSC and the two full duplex radios will pass operational/alarm detection status between one another via the AUX

interface. Any alarm detection indicated from the online radio can cause the QHHSC to change over the online radio.

Mounting and Environmental Considerations

The QH450 hot standby full duplex radio is housed as a 3RU 19” rack mounted set, encompassing 2 x 1RU QB full duplex

radios and 1 x 1RU QH Hot Standby Controller. The Controller and full duplex radios are each supplied with x2 1RU mounting

brackets, which should be fitted to each sides of each unit before it can be installed into a 19” rack. The mounting brackets

can be fitted to the side of each unit in 3 different locations to provide different mounting capabilities: Front Mount, Proud

Mount or Center Mount. Refer to the QB450 Mounting guide for a graphical representation of the different mounting

positions.

The unit should be mounted in a clean and dry location, protected from water, excessive dust, corrosive fumes, extremes

of temperature and direct sunlight. Allow sufficient passive or active ventilation to allow the full duplex radio fans to pass air

through the internal heat sink efficiently.

All RF, power and digital I/O connections are made at the rear of the unit. All User interfaces are located at the front of the

unit, this includes: Ethernet interface, Serial COM port interfaces and Auxiliary interfaces.

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

58 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Radio Position Allocation

The QH is made up of three separate devices, a single QH hot standby controller and two separate QB full duplex radios.

Within a hot standby arrangement, the two full duplex radios need to be allocated a QH position, Radio A or Radio B.

The diagrams on the following pages use the radio position allocation shown below.

Radio A

Radio B

Radio Configuration

Before connecting the hot standby together, Radio A and B should first be configured for use in a hot standby arrangement.

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Communication Ports

There are multiple connections which need to be established between front panel interfaces of the QH

• COM 1/2 (Both Radios to QHHSC)

• AUX (Both Radios to QHHSC)

• ETH 1 (Both Radios to QHHSC)

• ETH 3 (Between Radios A & B)

SCADA Host / SCADA

Equipment

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

60 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Power Supply and Protection

The QH has facilities for dual power supplies to provide for a redundant system. A separate power supply should be used for each

of the full duplex radios, then to help increase reliability, cross-over the power supplies to each of the secondary supply inputs of

the full duplex radios shown in the diagram below.

Each full duplex radio has diode-ORed supply inputs, so a redundant power supply pair for each full duplex radio is also possible.

The Hot Standby Controller has connections for dual power supplies and should be powered from the 12V DC output of the full

duplex radios as shown in the diagram below.

+ -

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Connecting Antennas and RF Feeders

There are 2 primary antenna connection options. All connectors used are standard N Type sockets. See diagrams below for

further details.

Hot Standby Controller Kit: Option A

Hot Standby Controller Kit: Option A OR B

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

62 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Front Panel Operation

Select Switch

The 3 position switch (A / Auto / B) on the front panel

provides the following functionality:

•Position A: Radio A is forced online

•Position Auto: changeover hardware will select

the online radio

•Position B: Radio B is forced online

Adjacent to the select switch are two LEDs: These LEDs

indicate the current online radio.

Indicated State ETH port

Ethernet port inactive, no

cable connected

Ethernet port active @

10Mbps

Ethernet port active @

100Mbps

User Ports

Digital switching in the hot standby controller directs

user data to and from the user ports on the front panel

directly to the user ports on the online radio.

Ethernet Port LED Indicators

Indicated State Select

LEDs

Auto Mode

Local Force

Remote Force

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

LED indicators

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Indicated State Pwr/Tx

No power, or

ShutDown

Power on

Transmitter On

Each image below shows where to find the LED indicators of each Q data radio.

Top of QR450 Front of QR450

Front of QB450 & QP450 Front of QB450 & QP450

Pwr/TX - DC Power & TX LEDs

If all the LEDs are off, no DC power is reaching the radio modem or the internal fuse is open.

Successful power-up is indicated by the Pwr/Tx LED showing a continuous GREEN state.

Tx Indicator (Tx) : When the transmitter is active the Pwr/Tx LED is in a RED state.

Note: The QR450 will take approximately 60 seconds to boot up - during this time, the DC

power LED will flash green/off periodically along with various LED activity. Please wait until

the DC power LED is not longer periodically flashing and is in a solid green state before

attempting to communicate with the radio.

Indicated State Synch/

RxSig

No received signal

Receiver in SYNC state

RSSI over mute level

and no sync

Indicated State COM1/2

No Activity

RxD Data Output

TxD Data Input

RxD & TxD Data Active

Sync/No RX - Synchronisation and No Received Signal LEDs

A flashing or solid green Sync/No RX LED indicates that the modem is receiving

decodable transmissions from another source.

A regular/solid flashing red Sync/No RX LED indicates that the modem is receiving

un-decodable transmissions from another source. This symptom can be caused by

insufficient RX signal, too much interference or an incorrect configuration parameter

set within the pair of modems.

TxD/RxD (COM 1 and COM 2) - Serial TxD/RxD LEDs

The RxD/TxD LEDs indicate data flow into/out of the serial user port. Data being

sent to the port for transmission is indicated by a red flash, and data being received

over the air and then forwarded to the serial port is shown as a green flash. As

the serial port is full duplex, there may be instances where the TxD and RxD LEDs

illuminate simultaneously, this will be indicated by an amber illumination of the port

LED.

64 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Indicated State ETH port

Ethernet port inactive,

no cable connected

Ethernet port active @

10Mbps

Ethernet port active @

100Mbps

Alarm LED Indications

In some circumstances the radio will indicate an alarm state. This is shown as all LEDs flashing RED for 1 sec and then a pattern of

green LEDs for 1 sec. The pattern of green LEDs indicate the type of alarm. Please consult the table for more information.

QR450

Error Type COM 1 RxD / TxD COM 2 RxD / TxD Sync / NoRx Pwr / Tx

Supply voltage alarm Green

Retry Factory default Green

Configuration alarm Green Green

Firmware upgrade alarm Green Green

Reverted to factory default due to

internal alarm

Green Green Green

IP address not set Green

Tx synthesizer out of lock Green Green

Rx synthesizer out of lock Green Green

TX & Rx synthesizer out of lock Green Green Green

Configuration record not found Green Green

Over temperature alarm

(Tx has been disabled)

Green Green Green

Over temperature alarm

(Tx has been folded back)

Green Green Green

VSWR alarm Green Green Green Green

QB450/QP450

Error Type Pwr / Tx Sync / NoRx COM 1 RxD / TxD COM 2 RxD / TxD

Supply voltage alarm Green

Retry Factory default Green

Configuration alarm Green Green

Firmware upgrade alarm Green Green

Reverted to factory default due to

internal alarm

Green Green Green

IP address not set Green

Tx synthesizer out of lock Green Green

Rx synthesizer out of lock Green Green

TX & Rx synthesizer out of lock Green Green Green

Configuration record not found Green Green

Over temperature alarm

(Tx has been disabled)

Green Green Green

Over temperature alarm

(Tx has been folded back)

Green Green Green

VSWR alarm Green Green Green Green

ETH 1 & ETH 2 - Ethernet Link and Activity LEDs

The Ethernet port LEDs are found on the physical RJ45 sockets, located on the

front panel. Green LED activity typically represents a current physical connection to

another Ethernet device has been established. Amber LED activity indicates Ethernet

data is being transferred between the local Ethernet port and another Ethernet

device.

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Connecting Antennas

The RF antenna system should be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and local regulatory

requirements.

•The RF (Antenna) connector on the QR450 is a TNC type female connector.

•The RF (Antenna) connectors on the QB450 and the QP450 are N-Type female connectors.

Good quality, low loss, feeder cable, should be considered according to the length of the cable run. also, use a short, flexible

patch cable between the radio and lightning arrestor or flange mount of the radio cabinet/enclosure. Ensure all external

connections are waterproofed.

Communication Ports

Ethernet Ports (ETH)

The ETH ports are 10/100 Base-T compliant, using RJ-45 sockets. These sockets support both TIA/EIA-568-A & B wiring as

they have Auto MDI/MDIX Auto Sensing. This means you can use both straight-through and cross-over type CAT-5 or better

patch cables. All RJ45 connectors should utilize mating plugs that include an integral locking tab.

Note: If termination of a cable is required, then the

following wiring arrangement should be followed

(Compliant with TIA/EIA-568-A).

Note: Maximum differential voltage : 5v, 50mA max

through each differential pair.

Note: If 100-BaseT connection speed is required, CAT-6

Shielded cable should be used for installation to comply

with ETSI EMC directives.

QB450 & QP450 QR450

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

66 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Serial Ports - COM 1/2

The Q data radios feature a 9 pin miniature D-Shell (DE-9) Female connector that supports two individual serial port

connections. Each serial port is associated with an embedded serial terminal server that provides the serial to TCP/IP or UDP/

IP connectivity.

•COM 1 uses pins 2, 3, 7 & 8 with pin 5 as the common ground.

•COM 2 uses pins 4 & 6 with pin 5 as the common ground.

•An RSSI output is available on pin 9 which is useful for antenna alignment.

Notes:

(1) Pin 2, 6 & 8 are outputs rated at +/- 6v, 65mA max.

(2) Pin 3, 4 & 7 are inputs rated at +/- 15v, 5mA max.

(3) Pin 9 is an analog voltage output to indicate the radio’s live RSSI measurement.

(4) Connecting wires should be #22 AWG (0.33mm2) or larger.

QB450 & QP450 QR450

21 3 4 5

6 7 8 9

45 3 2 1

9 8 7 6

RS-232 Mode RS-485 Mode

Pin Name Input/Output Name Input/Output

1 COM 1 DCD Output Not Used -

2 COM 1 RxD Output B/Z (Inverting) Input/Output

3 COM 1 TxD Input A/Y (Non-Inverting) Input/Output

4 COM 2 TxD Input Not Used -

5 GND - Not Used -

6 COM 2 RxD Output Not Used -

7 COM 1 RTS Input Not Used -

8 COM 1 CTS Output Not Used -

9 RSSI Output RSSI Output

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Activating Transmitter

Data sent to either of the radio’s communication ports (Ethernet or Serial Port) will cause the radio to key up it’s transmitter

and send the data over the air. However, to test the transmitter with external test equipment (Tx power, VSWR or Frequency),

or to test another radio’s receiver, the Q data radio provides a means to manually control the activation of the transmitter.

To access the transmit test tool,

access the radio’s web user interface

and browse to: Maintenance ->

Transmit Test. This will display the

transmit test tool page.

The transmitter can now be

controlled via this page. To key up

the transmitter, press the ‘Turn ON’

button. By default this will enable a

Modulated Carrier for 60 seconds.

During this time, the Tx LED should

illuminate solid RED to indicate the

transmitter is active.

if the power or frequency is adjusted, and it is desired to retain this value, the Save and apply button should be pressed to

activate the changes in the radio.

Factory Default

The factory default IP address of the Q data radios is 192.168.2.15. If you want to perform configuration changes on your Q

data radio and are not aware of the configured IP address, you may need to activate a factory reset. Alternatively, COM 1 can

provide access to the radio’s configuration via Text User Interface (as long as this port remains at the default configuration).

default interface settings are: 19200, N, 8, 1, No Handshaking.

A factory reset will cause all previous configuration settings to be erased and returned to the factory default values. A factory

default can be initiated by applying DC power to the radio (wait up to 3 minutes for the unit to fully boot up, indicated

by a solid GREEN Power LED), depress the factory default switch using a paper clip or similar object and keep the switch

depressed for 6 seconds or until all four LEDs illuminate solid GREEN and begin flashing, indicating the radio will return to the

factory default settings. Please wait for up to 4 minutes for the factory default reset process to complete.

Factory Default

Switch

Factory Default

Switch

QB450 & QP450 QR450

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

68 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Digital I/O

Three channels of digital user inputs and outputs (Digital User I/O) can be read/written to via TView+ Diagnostics or SNMP.

Digital user I/O is available on the following products:

•QB450 Full Duplex Radio

•QH450 Hot Standby Full Duplex Radio

•QP450 Hot Standby Half Duplex Radio

Information on how to control and monitor this I/O using TView+ Diagnostics can be found in Part G - TView+ Management

Suite - Remote Diagnostics & Network Controller.

SNMP object descriptions for digital I/O can be found within the advanced section of this manual.

Inputs

Three user Inputs are available. They have identical interface characteristics. Some form of switching contact (i.e: switch,

relay) is normally used to change the state of the input. Both an isolated and non-isolated input configuration is possible.

Typical input drivers include: dry contact (relay), electronic control or driven control. Each input can support either type of driver.

Reading the status of a user input while the circuit is CLOSED will report the input as being ON.

Reading the status of a user input while the circuit is OPEN (or not connected) will report the input as being OFF.

Typical Input Drivers

Outputs

Three user outputs (open collector) are available. They have identical interface characteristics.

Power Specifications

Maximum Voltage allowed accross each output is 30V DC.

Maximum current allowed through each output is 1A. External resistors or a current limited supply should be used

to keep the current below this value.

When the OUTPUT is OFF, The circuit will be OPEN. When the OUTPUT is ON, The circuit will be CLOSED.

Dry Contact

Electronic

Control

5V or

Floating

Driven Control

Load

0V to 30V DC Supply

+ -

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Connecting to Web User Interface (WUI)

he Q data radios provide an embedded web server which provides access to the Web User Interface (WUI). The WUI can be used

to perform configuration changes on the radio. To change a configuration parameter in a Q data radio, connect your PC to one of

the Ethernet ports (ETH 1 or ETH 2) and direct your browser to the IP address of the Q data radio. It is strongly recommended that

you follow these guidelines for successful connection to the radio:

(1) Ensure the Q data radio is powered up and has fully booted. This is indicated by a solid GREEN power LED. It takes approximately 2

minutes from applying DC power for the Q data radio. Once the radio is fully booted, it may be indicating a user alarm. For example, if

the radio’s antenna port is incorrectly terminated, the radio will indicate a high VSWR alarm. Regardless of this user alarm, the radio can

still be browsed to.

(2) Disconnect your PC from any other Internet/LAN networks, as this may create a conflict in IP addresses or the Q data

radio IP might not fall within the subnet mask specified by your network.

(3) Connect your PC’s Ethernet Port to one of the Ethernet Ports (ETH 1 or ETH 2) using an RJ-45 patch cable. Cross over

cables will also work (Ethernet ports support MDI/MDIX). An active connection is indicated on the radio by solid green and

amber illumination on the LEDs which are fixed to the physical Ethernet port you are connected to.

(4) Ensure your PC LAN Port is configured for a suitable IP

address. If you are using Windows 7, this can be done by

configuring the LAN settings via the Control Panel. Navigate to

your Windows “Start” button and open Control Panel -> Network

and Sharing Center -> Change adapter setting -> Double click on

the LAN port you are using -> Properties -> Double click ‘TCP/IPv4’.

You should see the window shown.

Ensure “Obtain IP Address Automatically” is NOT selected.

It is recommended that you manually specify a compatible

IP Address. In this example, a factory default radio is being

configured. The IP address of that radio is 192.168.2.15 and a

compatible IP address for the PC would be 192.168.2.1. Click

OK to accept the changes.

Note: Check with your Network Administrator before allocating

IP addresses as each LAN/WAN network is different.

(5) Now open your web browser and insert the IP address of the

Q data radio into the URL. In this case, we type “192.168.2.15”,

the browser should now display the home page of your radio.

(Shown below).

Note: You may need to disable a web proxy (if in use) or

disable or modify your local firewall to help ensure the

security.

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

70 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Resolving Ethernet Connection Issues

Here are some basic tips to help you along the way with Ethernet configuration issues. The Windows operating system (and

others) comes complete with many useful tools. First, you need to open a command window. This can be done by clicking on

“Start” then “Run” and entering “CMD” and clicking OK.

Obtaining IP information about your PC

If you need to find out more information about your computers Ethernet IP configuration, network gateways and DNS servers,

you can use a tool called “IPConfig”. Simply type “IPconfig /all” into your command window.

Checking IP connectivity

A reliable way to check IP connectivity to a device is using the “Ping” utility. Type “ping xxx” where xxx is the complete IP

address of the destination device you want to check. Ping will either respond with latency results (as shown) or say “timed

out” if no connection was possible.

Repeated connections to multiple devices with same IP address

A common issue experienced when attempting to configure multiple radios with the same IP address (such as factory default

radios). The issue is due to invalid MAC table entries. If you change your ethernet connection between two devices with the

same IP address quickly, you may need to reset the MAC look up table in your PC. You can do this by typing “arp -d ” in the

command window.

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Part G– Quick Start Guide

Part G – Quick Start Guide

Step-by-Step Point to Point Setup

Introduction

This document describes the 10 key steps required for:

• Connecting and configuring a pair of Q data radios.

• Performing basic diagnostics and health checks

• Connecting user equipment such as Host Software and/or RTUs

Typical Bench setup

Step 1 - RF and DC power connection

RF Connection

Bench testing is typically performed over short distances, so RF signals need to be significantly attenuated. Using dummy

loads or whip antennas is not recommend.

A suitable method for attenuation of RF signals is to use a 4 Port RF Attenuator (Part Number TBUR4PORTATTEN). An

attenuator accurately reduces RF signal level, simulating a real world, long distance RF link. Other types of RF attenuators

can be used providing the total attenuation is between 80dB to 100dB. Check the attenuator power ratings against the

configured Tx power of the radio.

If the TX power of each radio is set to 20dBm (100mW) then, low power, low cost attenuators can be used.

DC Power Connection

Ensure each radio is wired using the correct polarity and that power supply is regulated and has adequate current delivering

capacity. Please see the Quick reference guide section of this manual to confirm the power supply requirements you require

for the product you are using.

Step 2 - Power Up Radios

Apply DC power to the radios. The radio will begin a boot up process. This process can take up to 2 minutes (during this time

frame, the ‘Pwr’ LED will periodically flash GREEN, indicating that the boot up process is still in progress).

Once the boot up process has completed, the ‘Pwr’ LED should be solid GREEN. If there is no LED indication, re-check the DC

polarity and ensure the DC voltage is between operating voltages.

Note: If these checks are correct they you may need to inspect the internal fuse. Consult the maintenance section of this

manual for further information on fuse replacement.

72 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 10-14

Step 3 - Setup for Radio Configuration

IP Address and Factory Default