UBS Axcera LU2000AL 2000-Watt UHF Translator User Manual Driver

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INSTRUCTION MANUAL
INNOVATOR LX SERIES
UHF ANALOG DRIVER/UHF TRANSLATOR
AXCERA, LLC
103 FREEDOM DRIVE P.O. BOX 525 LAWRENCE, PA 15055-0525 USA
(724) 873-8100 • FAX (724) 873-8105
www.axcera.com • info@axcera.com
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION
PAGE
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
Manual Overview ............................................................................ 1-1
Assembly Designation Numbers ......................................................... 1-1
Safety........................................................................................... 1-1
Maintenance .................................................................................. 1-2
Material Return Procedure ................................................................. 1-2
Limited One-Year Warranty for Axcera Products .................................... 1-3
CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION & REMOTE CONTROL CONNECTIONS
2.1 System Overview ........................................................................... 2-1
2.1.1 Receiver Tray ........................................................................ 2-2
2.1.2 IF Processor Module ................................................................ 2-3
2.1.3 LO/Upconverter Module ........................................................... 2-5
2.1.4 Control & Monitoring/Power Supply Module .................................. 2-7
2.1.5 Power Amplifier Module ........................................................... 2-8
2.1.6 RF Output Assemblies.............................................................. 2-9
2.2 Control and Status .......................................................................... 2-9
2.2.1 Front Panel LCD Display Screen................................................2-10
2.3 System Operation ..........................................................................2-10
2.3.1 Principles of Operation............................................................2-11
2.4 Customer Remote Connections .........................................................2-12
CHAPTER 3 SITE CONSIDERATIONS, INSTALLATION AND SETUP PROCEDURES
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
Site Considerations.......................................................................... 3-1
Unpacking the Chassis w/Modules and Receiver Tray.............................. 3-4
Installing the Chassis w/Modules and Receiver Tray ............................... 3-4
AC Input ....................................................................................... 3-6
Setup and Operation........................................................................ 3-6
3.5.1 Input Connections .................................................................. 3-7
3.5.2 Front Panel Screens for the Exciter/Amplifier Chassis Assembly ....... 3-9
CHAPTER 4 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTIONS
4.1 Receiver Tray................................................................................. 4-1
4.1.1 50-Ohm Filter ........................................................................ 4-1
4.1.2 Dual Stage Amplifier Assembly .................................................. 4-1
4.1.3 Channel Filter ........................................................................ 4-1
4.1.4 Downconverter Amplifier Assembly ............................................ 4-2
4.1.5 Channel Oscillator Assembly ..................................................... 4-2
4.1.6 x8, x2, x4 Multiplier Board ....................................................... 4-2
4.1.7 L.O. Filter ............................................................................. 4-2
4.1.8 IF Filter/ALC Board ................................................................. 4-2
4.1.9 SAW Board (Optional) ............................................................. 4-2
4.1.10 IF Amplifier Board (Optional) ................................................... 4-3
4.1.11 IF Filter/Limiter Board (Optional) ............................................. 4-3
4.1.12 IF PLL Board (Optional) .......................................................... 4-3
4.1.13 IF Carrier Oven Oscillator (Optional) ......................................... 4-3
LX Series, Rev. 0
August 29, 2003
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS - (Continued)
SECTION
......................................................................................... PAGE
4.1.14 +/ - 12V Power Supply Board ................................................... 4-4
4.2 IF Processor Module......................................................................... 4-4
4.2.1 IF Processor Board.................................................................. 4-4
4.3 LO/Upconverter Module ...................................................................4-10
4.3.1 UHF Generator Board .............................................................4-10
4.3.2 UHF Filters ...........................................................................4-11
4.3.3 LO/Upconverter Board ............................................................4-11
4.4 Control Monitoring/Power Supply Module ............................................4-15
4.4.1 Power Protection Board...........................................................4-16
4.4.2 Control Board .......................................................................4-16
4.4.3 Switch Board ........................................................................4-19
4.4.4 Switching Power Supply Assembly ............................................4-19
4.5 Power Amplifier Module Assembly ......................................................4-19
4.5.1 1-Watt Amplifier Module Assembly ............................................4-19
4.5.2 1-Watt UHF Amplifier Board .....................................................4-19
4.5.3 40 Watt UHF Amplifier Assembly...............................................4-20
4.5.4 UHF Module Assembly, RF Module Pallet.....................................4-20
4.5.5 Coupler Board Assembly .........................................................4-21
4.5.6 Amplifier Control Board...........................................................4-21
CHAPTER 5 DETAILED ALIGNMENT PROCEDURES
Module Replacement ............................................................... 5-1
Initial Test Setup.................................................................... 5-1
5.1 UHF/VHF Receiver Tray..................................................................... 5-2
5.1.1 UHF Filter ............................................................................. 5-2
5.1.2 Dual Stage Amplifier Board....................................................... 5-2
5.1.3 UHF Filter ............................................................................. 5-2
5.1.4 Channel Oscillator Assembly ..................................................... 5-2
5.1.5 x8, x4, x2 Multiplier Board ....................................................... 5-3
5.1.6 UHF Filter ............................................................................. 5-4
5.1.7 Downconverter Amplifier Board ................................................. 5-4
5.1.8 IF Filter/ALC Board ................................................................. 5-4
5.1.9 SAW Filter Board (Optional) ...................................................... 5-4
5.1.10 +/ - 12V Power Supply ........................................................... 5-4
5.1.11 IF Carrier Oscillator Board (Optional) ........................................ 5-4
5.1.12 IF Filter/Limiter Board............................................................ 5-4
5.1.13 IF PLL Board (Optional) .......................................................... 5-4
5.1.14 IF Amplifier Board, High Gain (Optional) .................................... 5-5
5.2 Innovator LX Series Exciter/Amplifier Chassis Assembly .......................... 5-6
5.2.1 Linearity Correction Adjustment ................................................ 5-6
5.2.2 Frequency Response Delay Equalization Adjustment ...................... 5-7
5.2.3 Calibration of Output Power and Reflected Power.......................... 5-7
5.3 Alignment Procedure for the Band-pass Filter Assembly ........................ 5-8
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
APPENDIX B DRAWINGS AND PARTS LISTS
LX Series, Rev. 0
ii
August 29, 2003
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Table of Contents
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE
PAGE
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
1 kW Minimum Ventilation Configuration ....................................... 3-4
Tray Slide Cabinet Mounting Diagram........................................... 3-5
Front and Rear View Reconnection Drawing ................................... 3-6
Rear View of Innovator LX Series UHF Translator ............................ 3-7
5-1
Typical Red Field Spectrum......................................................... 5-7
LX Series, Rev. 0
iii
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Table of Contents
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
2-1
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10
2-11
2-12
2-13
2-14
2-15
2-16
2-17
2-18
2-19
2-22
2-23
2-25
PAGE
10-100W Innovator LX Series Translator Assemblies and Tray........... 2-1
Receiver Samples ..................................................................... 2-2
IF Processor Front Panel Switch................................................... 2-4
IF Processor Front Panel Status Indicators ..................................... 2-4
IF Processor Front Panel Control Adjustments................................. 2-4
IF Processor Front Panel Sample .................................................. 2-4
LO/Upconverter Front Panel Switch.............................................. 2-6
LO/Upconverter Front Panel Status Indicators ................................ 2-6
LO/Upconverter Front Panel Control Adjustments............................ 2-6
LO/Upconverter Front Panel Samples............................................ 2-6
Controller/Power Supply Front Panel Display .................................. 2-7
Controller/Power Supply Front Panel Status Indicators ..................... 2-7
Controller/Power Supply Front Panel Control Adjustments................. 2-7
Power Amplifier Front Panel Status Indicators................................. 2-9
Power Amplifier Front Panel Control Adjustments............................ 2-9
Power Amplifier Front Panel Sample ............................................. 2-9
VHF Television Frequencies........................................................2-11
UHF Television Frequencies .......................................................2-11
Innovator LX Series Chassis Customer Remote Connections.............2-13
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-13
3-14
3-15
3-16
3-17
3-18
3-19
3-20
3-21
3-22
3-23
3-23
Rear Chassis Connections for Receiver Tray ................................... 3-7
Rear Chassis Connections for LX Series Translators (driver) .............. 3-7
Menu 01 Splash Screen #1......................................................... 3-9
Menu 02 Splash Screen #2......................................................... 3-9
Menu 10 Main Screen ................................................................ 3-9
Menu 11 Error List Screen .........................................................3-10
Menu 12 Translator Device Data Access Screen .............................3-10
Menu 13 Translator Configuration Access Screen............................3-10
Menu 20 Error List Display Screen...............................................3-10
Menu 30 Translator Device Details Screen ....................................3-10
Translator Device Parameters ....................................................3-12
Menu 40 Translator Set Up: Power Raise/Lower Screen...................3-13
Menu 40-1 Translator Set Up: Xltr. Model Select Screen..................3-13
Menu 40-2 Translator Set Up: Frequency Select Screen...................3-13
Menu 40-3 Translator Set Up: Frequency Table Select Screen...........3-13
Menu 40-4 Translator Set Up: IF Frequency Screen........................3-14
Menu 40-5 Translator Set Up: Custom Frequency Select Screen........3-14
Menu 40-6 Translator Set Up: Serial Address Screen ......................3-14
Menu 40-7 Translator Set Up: Xltr. Visual Power Cal. Screen............3-14
Menu 40-8 Translator Set Up: Xltr. Aural Power Cal. Screen.............3-15
Menu 40-9 Translator Set Up: Xltr. Rfltd. Power Cal. Screen.............3-15
Menu 40-10 Translator Set Up: Fwd. Power Fault Thresh. Screen ......3-15
Menu 40-11 Translator Set Up: Rflt. Power Fault Thresh. Screen.......3-15
Menu 40-12 Translator Set Up: Remote Commands Control .............3-16
LX Series, Rev. 0
iv
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 1, Introduction
Chapter 1
Introduction
This manual explains the installation,
setup, alignment, and maintenance
procedures for the Innovator LX Series
modular UHF translator. It is important
that you read all of the instructions,
especially the safety information in this
chapter, before you begin to install or
operate the unit.
relevant appendix that contains the
drawings for that item.
1.3 Safety
The UHF translators manufactured by
Axcera are designed to be easy to use
and repair while providing protection
from electrical and mechanical hazards.
Listed throughout the manual are notes,
cautions, and warnings concerning
possible safety hazards that may be
encountered while operating or servicing
the translator. Please review these
warnings and familiarize yourself with the
operation and servicing procedures
before working on the translator.
1.1 Manual Overview
This instruction manual is divided into
five chapters and supporting appendices.
Chapter 1, Introduction, contains
information on the assembly numbering
system used in the ma nual, safety,
maintenance, return procedures, and
warranties. The second chapter describes
the translator and includes discussions on
system control and status indicators and
remote control connections. Chapter 3
explains how to unpack, install, setup,
and operate the translator. Chapter 4
contains circuit-level descriptions for
boards and board-level components in
the translator. Chapter 5, Detailed
Alignment Procedures, provides
information on adjusting the system
assemblies for optimal operation. The
appendices contain a sample log sheet,
test data sheet, assembly and
subassembly drawings and parts lists,
and system specifications.
Read All Instructions – All of the
operating and safety instructions should
be read and understood before operating
this equipment.
Retain Manuals – The manuals for the
translator should be retained at the
translator site for future reference. We
provide two sets of manuals for this
purpose; one set can be left at the office
while one set can be kept at the site.
Heed all Notes, Warnings, and
Cautions – All of the notes, warnings,
and cautions listed in this safety section
and throughout the manual must be
followed.
1.2 Assembly Designators
Axcera has assigned assembly numbers,
such as Ax (x=1,2,3…), to all assemblies,
trays, and boards that are referenced in
the text of this manual and shown on the
block diagrams and interconnect
drawings provided in the appendices.
These supporting documents are
arranged in increasing numerical order in
the appendices. Section titles in the text
for assembly or tray descriptions or
alignment procedures contain the
associated part number(s) and the
LX Series, Rev. 0
Follow Instructions – All of the
operating and use instructions for the
translator should be followed.
Cleaning – Unplug or otherwise
disconnect all power from the equipment
before cleaning. Do not use liquid or
aerosol cleaners. Use a damp cloth for
cleaning.
Ventilation – Openings in the cabinets
and tray front panels are provided for
ventilation. To ensure the reliable
1-1
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 1, Introduction
operation of the translator, and to protect
the unit from overheating, these
openings must not be blocked.
should be cleaned of all dust or dirt to
permit the free flow of air for cooling
purposes.
Servicing – Do not attempt to service
this product yourself until becoming
familiar with the equipment. If in doubt,
refer all servicing questions to qualified
Axcera service personnel.
It is recommended that the operating
parameters of the translator be recorded
from the meters on the trays and the
system metering control panel at least
once a month. It is suggested that this
data be retained in a rugged folder or
envelope. A sample format for a log
sheet is provided in Appendix A.
Photocopies of the log sheet should be
made to allow for continued data entries.
Replacement Parts – When
replacement parts are used, be sure that
the parts have the same functional and
performance characteristics as the
original part. Unauthorized substitutions
may result in fire, electric shock, or other
hazards. Please contact the Axcera
Technical Service Department if you have
any questions regarding service or
replacement parts.
1.5 Material Return Procedure
To insure the efficient handling of
equipment or components that have been
returned for repair, Axcera requests that
each returned item be accompanied by a
Material Return Authorization Number
(MRA#).
1.4 Maintenance
The Innovator LX Series Translator is
designed with components that require
little or no periodic maintenance except
for the routine cleaning of the fans and
the front panels of the trays.
An MRA# can be obtained from any
Axcera Field Service Engineer by
contacting the Axcera Field Service
Department at (724) 873-8100 or by fax
at (724) 873-8105. This procedure
applies to all items sent to the Field
Service Department regardless of
whether the item was originally
manufactured by Axcera.
The amount of time between cleanings
depends on the conditions within the
transmitter room. While the electronics
have been designed to function even if
covered with dust, a heavy buildup of
dust, dirt, or insects will affect the
cooling of the components. This could
lead to a thermal shutdown or the
premature failure of the affected trays.
When equipment is sent to the field on
loan, an MRA# is included with the unit.
The MRA# is intended to be used when
the unit is returned to Axcera. In
addition, all shipping material should be
retained for the return of the unit to
Axcera.
When the front panels of the trays
become dust covered, the top covers
should be taken off and any accumulated
foreign material should be removed. A
vacuum cleaner, utilizing a small, wandtype attachment, is an excellent way to
suction out the dirt. Alcohol and other
cleaning agents should not be used
unless you are certain that the solvents
will not damage components or the silkscreened markings on the trays and
boards. Water-based cleaners can be
used, but do not saturate the
components. The fans and heatsinks
LX Series, Rev. 0
Replacement assemblies are also sent
with an MRA# to allow for the proper
routing of the exchanged hardware.
Failure to close out this type of MRA# will
normally result in the customer being
invoiced for the value of the loaner item
or the exchange assembly.
When shipping an item to Axcera, please
include the MRA# on the packing list and
on the shipping container.
1-2
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 1, Introduction
The packing slip should also include
contact information and a brief
description of why the unit is being
returned.
properly packed and returned by the
buyer (transportation and insurance
prepaid), and (c) Axcera determines, in
its sole judgment, that the product is
defective and not subject to any misuse,
neglect, improper installation,
negligence, accident, or (unless
authorized in writing by Axcera) repair
or alteration. Axcera's exclusive liability
for any personal and/or property
damage (including direct, consequential,
or incidental) caused by the breach of
any or all warranties, shall be limited to
the following: (a) repairing or replacing
(in Axcera's sole discretion) any
defective parts free of charge (F.O.B.
Axcera’s plant) and/or (b) crediting (in
Axcera's sole discretion) all or a portion
of the purchase price to the buyer.
Please forward all MRA items to:
AXCERA, LLC
103 Freedom Drive
P.O. Box 525
Lawrence, PA 15055-0525 USA
For more information concerning this
procedure, call the Axcera Field Service
Department.
Axcera can also be contacted through email at info@axcera.com and on the
Web at www.axcera.com.
Equipment furnished by Axcera, but not
bearing its trade name, shall bear no
warranties other than the special hoursof-use or other warranties extended by
or enforceable against the manufacturer
at the time of delivery to the buyer. NO
WARRANTIES, WHETHER
STATUTORY, EXPRESSED, OR
IMPLIED, AND NO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR
ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR
FREEDOM FROM INFRINGEMENT,
OR THE LIKE, OTHER THAN AS
SPECIFIED IN PATENT LIABILITY
ARTICLES, AND IN THIS ARTICLE,
SHALL APPLY TO THE EQUIPMENT
FURNISHED HEREUNDER.
1.6 Limited One-Year Warranty for
Axcera Products
Axcera warrants each new product that
it has manufactured and sold against
defects in material and workmanship
under normal use and service for a
period of one (1) year from the date of
shipment from Axcera's plant, when
operated in accordance with Axcera's
operating instructions. This warranty
shall not apply to tubes, fuses,
batteries, or bulbs.
Warranties are valid only when and if
(a) Axcera receives prompt written
notice of breach within the period of
warranty, (b) the defective product is
LX Series, Rev. 0
1-3
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 1, Introduction
F WARNING!!!
× HIGH VOLTAGE Ø
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO REPAIR OR TROUBLESHOOT THIS EQUIPMENT UNLESS
YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH ITS OPERATION AND EXPERIENCED IN
SERVICING HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT. LETHAL VOLTAGES ARE PRESENT
WHEN POWER IS APPLIED TO THIS SYSTEM. IF POSSIBLE, TURN OFF
POWER BEFORE MAKING ADJUSTMENTS TO THE SYSTEM.
« RADIO FREQUENCY RADIATION HAZARD «
MICROWAVE, RF AMPLIFIERS AND TUBES GENERATE HAZARDOUS RF
RADIATION THAT CAN CAUSE SEVERE INJURY INCLUDING CATARACTS,
WHICH CAN RESULT IN BLINDNESS. SOME CARDIAC PACEMAKERS MAY BE
AFFECTED BY THE RF ENERGY EMITTED BY RF AND MICROWAVE
AMPLIFIERS. NEVER OPERATE THE TRANSLATOR SYSTEM WITHOUT A
PROPERLY MATCHED RF ENERGY ABSORBING LOAD ATTACHED. KEEP
PERSONNEL AWAY FROM OPEN WAVEGUIDES AND ANTENNAS. NEVER LOOK
INTO AN OPEN WAVEGUIDE OR ANTENNA. MONITOR ALL PARTS OF THE RF
SYSTEM FOR RADIATION LEAKAGE AT REGULAR INTERVALS.
LX Series, Rev. 0
1-4
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 1, Introduction
EMERGENCY FIRST AID INSTRUCTIONS
Personnel engaged in the installation, operation, or maintenance of this equipment are urged to become
familiar with the following rules both in theory and practice. It is the duty of all operating personnel to be
prepared to give adequate Emergency First Aid and thereby prevent avoidable loss of life.
RESCUE BREATHING
1. Find out if the person is
breathing.
You must find out if the person
has stopped breathing. If you
think he is not breathing, place
him flat on his back. Put your ear
close to his mouth and look at his
chest. If he is breathing you can
feel the air on your cheek. You
can see his chest move up and
down. If you do not feel the air
or see the chest move, he is not
breathing.
2. If he is not breathing, open
the airway by tilting his head
backwards.
Lift up his neck with one hand
and push down on his forehead
with the other. This opens the
airway. Sometimes doing this will
let the person breathe again by
himself.
3. If he is still not breathing,
begin rescue breathing.
-Keep his head tilted backward.
Pinch nose shut.
-Put your mouth tightly over his
mouth.
-Blow into his mouth once every
five seconds
-DO NOT STOP rescue breathing
until help arrives.
LOOSEN
WARM
CLOTHING
KEEP
Do this when the victim is
breathing by himself or help is
available. Keep him as quiet as
possible and from becoming
chilled. Otherwise treat him for
shock.
BURNS
SKIN REDDENED: Apply ice cold water to burned
area to prevent burn from going deeper into skin
tissue. Cover area with clean sheet or cloth to keep
away air. Consult a physician.
SKIN BLISTERED OR FLESH CHARRED: Apply ice
cold water to burned area to prevent burn from
going deeper into skin tissue.
LX Series, Rev. 0
Cover area with clean sheet or cloth to keep away
air. Treat victim for shock and take to hospital.
EXTENSIVE BURN - SKIN BROKEN: Cover area with
clean sheet or cloth to keep away air. Treat victim
for shock and take to hospital.
1-5
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 1, Introduction
Note: Because of possible FCC assigned offset, check for the assigned Carrier
Frequency as written on License.
UHF Channels NTSC Standard IF, 45.75 MHz
L.O.
(MHz)
Visual Carrier Frequency (MHz)
Crystal Frequency (MHz)
Channel
Nominal
Minus
Plus
Nominal
Nominal
Minus
Plus
14
471.25
471.24
471.26
517.00
64.625
64.62375
64.62625
15
477.25
477.24
477.26
523.00
65.375
65.37375
65.37625
16
483.25
483.24
483.26
529.00
66.125
66.12375
66.12625
17
489.25
489.24
489.26
535.00
66.875
66.87375
66.87625
18
495.25
495.24
495.26
541.00
67.625
67.62375
67.62625
19
501.25
501.24
501.26
547.00
68.375
68.37375
68.37625
20
507.25
507.24
507.26
553.00
69.125
69.12375
69.12625
21
513.25
513.24
513.26
559.00
69.875
69.87375
69.87625
22
519.25
519.24
519.26
565.00
70.625
70.62375
70.62625
23
525.25
525.24
525.26
571.00
71.375
71.37375
71.37625
24
531.25
531.24
531.26
577.00
72.125
72.12375
72.12625
25
537.25
537.24
537.26
583.00
72.875
72.87375
72.87625
26
543.25
543.24
543.26
589.00
73.625
73.62375
73.62625
27
549.25
549.24
549.26
595.00
74.375
74.37375
74.37625
28
555.25
555.24
555.26
601.00
75.125
75.12375
75.12625
29
561.25
561.24
561.26
607.00
75.875
75.87375
75.87625
30
567.25
567.24
567.26
613.00
76.625
76.62375
76.62625
31
573.25
573.24
573.26
619.00
77.375
77.37375
77.37625
32
579.25
579.24
579.26
625.00
78.125
78.12375
78.12625
33
585.25
585.24
585.26
631.00
78.875
78.87375
78.87625
34
591.25
591.24
591.26
637.00
79.625
79.62375
79.62625
35
597.25
597.24
597.26
643.00
80.375
80.37375
80.37625
36
603.25
603.24
603.26
649.00
81.125
81.12375
81.12625
37
609.25
609.24
609.26
655.00
81.875
81.87375
81.87625
38
615.25
615.24
615.26
661.00
82.625
82.62375
82.62625
39
621.25
621.24
621.26
667.00
83.375
83.37375
83.37625
40
627.25
627.24
627.26
673.00
84.125
84.12375
84.12625
41
633.25
633.24
633.26
679.00
84.875
84.87375
84.87625
42
639.25
639.24
639.26
685.00
85.625
85.62375
85.62625
43
645.25
645.24
645.26
691.00
86.375
86.37375
86.37625
LX Series, Rev. 0
1-6
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 1, Introduction
Note: Because of possible FCC assigned offset, check for the assigned Carrier
Frequency as written on License.
UHF Channels NTSC Standard IF, 45.75 MHz
L.O.
(MHz)
Visual Carrier Frequency (MHz)
Crystal Frequency (MHz)
Channel
Nominal
Minus
Plus
Nominal
Nominal
Minus
Plus
44
651.25
651.24
651.26
697.00
87.125
87.12375
87.12625
45
657.25
657.24
657.26
703.00
87.875
87.87375
87.87625
46
663.25
663.24
663.26
709.00
88.625
88.62375
88.62625
47
669.25
669.24
669.26
715.00
89.375
89.37375
89.37625
48
675.25
675.24
675.26
721.00
90.125
90.12375
90.12625
49
681.25
681.24
681.26
727.00
90.875
90.87375
90.87625
50
687.25
687.24
687.26
733.00
91.625
91.62375
91.62625
51
693.25
693.24
693.26
739.00
92.375
92.37375
92.37625
52
699.25
699.24
699.26
745.00
93.125
93.12375
93.12625
53
705.25
705.24
705.26
751.00
93.875
93.87375
93.87625
54
711.25
711.24
711.26
757.00
94.625
94.62375
94.62625
55
717.25
717.24
717.26
763.00
95.375
95.37375
95.37625
56
723.25
723.24
723.26
769.00
96.125
96.12375
96.12625
57
729.25
729.24
729.26
775.00
96.875
96.87375
96.87625
58
735.25
735.24
735.26
781.00
97.625
97.62375
97.62625
59
741.25
741.24
741.26
787.00
98.375
98.37375
98.37625
60
747.25
747.24
747.26
793.00
99.125
99.12375
99.12625
61
753.25
753.24
753.26
799.00
99.875
99.87375
99.87625
62
759.25
759.24
759.26
805.00
100.625
100.62375
100.62625
63
765.25
765.24
765.26
811.00
101.375
101.37375
101.37625
64
771.25
771.24
771.26
817.00
102.125
102.12375
102.12625
65
777.25
777.24
777.26
823.00
102.875
102.87375
102.87625
66
783.25
783.24
783.26
829.00
103.625
103.62375
103.62625
67
789.25
789.24
789.26
835.00
104.375
104.37375
104.37625
68
795.25
795.24
795.26
841.00
105.125
105.12375
105.12625
69
801.25
801.24
801.26
847.00
105.875
105.87375
105.87625
70
807.25
807.24
807.26
853.00
106.625
106.62375
106.62625
LX Series, Rev. 0
1-7
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Note:
Chapter 1, Introduction
Because of possible FCC assigned offset, check for the assigned Carrier
Frequency as written on License.
UHF Frequency Assignments
Channel
Number
Bandwidth
(MHz)
Video
(MHz)
Color
(MHz)
Audio
(MHz)
14
470-476
471.25
474.83
475.75
15
476-482
477.25
480.83
481.75
16
482-488
483.25
486.83
487.75
17
488-494
489.25
492.83
493.75
18
494-500
495.25
498.83
499.75
19
500-506
501.25
504.83
505.75
20
506-512
507.25
510.83
511.75
21
512-518
513.25
516.83
517.75
22
518-524
519.25
522.83
523.75
23
524-530
525.25
528.83
529.75
24
530-536
531.25
534.83
535.75
25
536-542
537.25
540.83
541.75
26
542-548
543.25
546.83
547.75
27
548-554
549.25
552.83
553.75
28
554-560
555.25
558.83
559.75
29
560-566
561.25
564.83
565.75
30
566-572
567.25
570.83
571.75
31
572-578
573.25
576.83
577.75
32
578-584
579.25
582.83
583.75
33
584-590
585.25
588.83
589.75
34
590-596
591.25
594.83
595.75
35
596-602
597.25
600.83
601.75
36
602-608
603.25
606.83
607.75
37
608-614
609.25
612.83
613.75
38
614-620
615.25
618.83
619.75
39
620-626
621.25
624.83
625.75
40
626-632
627.25
630.83
631.75
41
632-638
633.25
636.83
637.75
42
638-644
639.25
642.83
643.75
43
644-650
645.25
648.83
649.75
LX Series, Rev. 0
1-8
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Note:
Chapter 1, Introduction
Because of possible FCC assigned offset, check for the assigned
Carrier Frequency as written on License.
UHF Frequency Assignments
Channel
Number
Bandwidth
(MHz)
Video
(MHz)
Color
(MHz)
Audio
(MHz)
44
650-656
651.25
654.83
655.75
45
656-662
657.25
660.83
661.75
46
662-668
663.25
666.83
667.75
47
668-674
669.25
672.83
673.75
48
674-680
675.25
678.83
679.75
49
680-686
681.25
684.83
685.75
50
686-692
687.25
690.83
691.75
51
692-698
693.25
696.83
697.75
52
698-704
699.25
702.83
703.75
53
704-710
705.25
708.83
709.75
54
710-716
711.25
714.83
715.75
55
716-722
717.25
720.83
721.75
56
722-728
723.25
726.83
727.75
57
728-734
729.25
732.83
733.75
58
734-740
735.25
738.83
739.75
59
740-746
741.25
744.83
745.75
60
746-752
747.25
750.83
751.75
61
752-758
753.25
756.83
757.75
62
758-764
759.25
762.83
763.75
63
764-770
765.25
768.83
769.75
64
770-776
771.25
774.83
775.75
65
776-782
777.25
780.83
781.75
66
782-788
783.25
786.83
787.75
67
788-794
789.25
792.83
793.75
68
794-800
795.25
798.83
799.75
69
800-806
801.25
804.83
805.75
70
806-812
807.25
810.83
811.75
LX Series, Rev. 0
1-9
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 1, Introduction
dBm, dBw, dBmV, dBµ
µ V, & VOLTAGE
EXPRESSED IN WATTS
50 Ohm System
WATTS
1,000,000,000,000
100,000,000,000
10,000,000,000
1,000,000,000
100,000,000
10,000,000
1,000,000
100,000
10,000
1,000
100
50
20
10
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001
0.00001
0.000001
0.0000001
0.00000001
0.000000001
0.0000000001
0.00000000001
0.000000000001
PREFIX
1 TERAWATT
100 GIGAWATTS
10 GIGAWATTS
1 GIGAWATT
100 MEGAWATTS
10 MEGAWATTS
1 MEGAWATT
100 KILOWATTS
10 KILOWATTS
1 KILOWATT
1 HECTROWATT
1 DECAWATT
1 WATT
1 DECIWATT
1 CENTIWATT
1 MILLIWATT
100 MICROWATTS
10 MICROWATTS
1 MICROWATT
100 NANOWATTS
10 NANOWATTS
1 NANOWATT
100 PICOWATTS
10 PICOWATTS
1 PICOWATT
dBm
+150
+140
+130
+120
+110
+100
+ 90
+ 80
+ 70
+ 60
+ 50
+ 47
+ 43
+ 40
+ 30
+ 20
+ 10
- 10
- 20
- 30
- 40
- 50
- 60
- 70
- 80
- 90
dBw
+120
+110
+100
+ 99
+ 80
+ 70
+ 60
+ 50
+ 40
+ 30
+ 20
+ 17
+ 13
+ 10
- 10
- 20
- 30
- 40
- 50
- 60
- 70
- 80
- 90
-100
-110
-120
dBmV
dBµV
VOLTAGE
+ 77
+ 67
+ 57
+ 47
+137
+127
+117
+107
7.07V
2.24V
0.707V
224mV
TEMPERATURE CONVERSION
° F = 32 + [(9/5) ° C]
° C = [(5/9) (°° F - 32)]
LX Series, Rev. 0
1-10
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 1, Introduction
USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS
TO CONVERT FROM
TO
MULTIPLY BY
mile (US statute)
kilometer (km)
inch (in)
millimeter (mm)
inch (in)
centimeter (cm)
inch (in)
meter (m)
foot (ft)
meter (m)
yard (yd)
meter (m)
mile per hour (mph)
kilometer per hour(km/hr)
mile per hour (mph)
meter per second (m/s)
pound (lb)
kilogram (kg)
gallon (gal)
liter
U.S. liquid
(One U.S. gallon equals 0.8327 Canadian gallon)
fluid ounce (fl oz)
milliliters (ml)
British Thermal Unit
watt (W)
per hour (Btu/hr)
horsepower (hp)
watt (W)
1.609347
25.4
2.54
0.0254
0.3048
0.9144
1.60934
0.44704
0.4535924
3.7854118
29.57353
0.2930711
746
NOMENCLATURE OF FREQUENCY BANDS
FREQUENCY RANGE
DESIGNATION
3 to 30 kHz
30 to 300 kHz
300 to 3000 kHz
3 to 30 MHz
30 to 300 MHz
300 to 3000 MHz
3 to 30 GHz
30 to 300 GHz
VLF
LF
MF
HF
VHF
UHF
SHF
EHF
Very Low Frequency
Low Frequency
Medium Frequency
High Frequency
Very High Frequency
Ultrahigh Frequency
Superhigh Frequency
Extremely High Frequency
LETTER DESIGNATIONS FOR UPPER FREQUENCY BANDS
LETTER
FREQ. BAND
Ku
Ka
LX Series, Rev. 0
1000 - 2000 MHz
2000 - 4000 MHz
4000 - 8000 MHz
8000 - 12000 MHz
12 - 18 GHz
18 - 27 GHz
27 - 40 GHz
40 - 75 GHz
75 - 110 GHz
1-11
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 1, Introduction
ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS
AC
Alternating Current
PCB
Printed circuit board
AFC
Automatic Frequency Control
QAM
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
ALC
Automatic Level Control
AM
Amplitude modulation
AGC
Automatic Gain Control
AWG
American wire gauge
BER
Bit Error Rate
BW
Bandwidth
DC
Direct Current
D/A
Digital to analog
dB
Decibel
dBm
Decibel referenced to 1 milliwatt
dBmV
Decibel referenced to 1 millivolt
dBw
Decibel referenced to 1 watt
FEC
Forward Error Correction
FM
Frequency modulation
Hz
Hertz
ICPM
Incidental Carrier Phase Modulation
I/P
Input
IF
Intermediate Frequency
LED
Light emitting diode
LSB
Lower Sideband
MPEG
Motion Pictures Expert Group
O/P
Output
PLL
Phase Locked Loop
LX Series, Rev. 0
1-12
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 1, Introduction
RETURN LOSS VS. VSWR
-10
-20
-30
dB
-40
-50
-60
-70
1.001
1.01
1.1
VSWR
LX Series, Rev. 0
1-13
2.0
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 2, System Description &
Remote Control Connections
Chapter 2
System Description & Remote Control Connections
The Innovator LX Series of
drivers/translators are complete 10W to
100W analog UHF translators that
operate at nominal visual output power
of 10 to 100 watts peak sync and an
aural output power of 1 to 10 watts at an
A/V ratio of 10dB, 10% sound or .5 to 5
watts at 13 dB, 5% sound.
2.1 System Overview
The Innovator LX Series translator is
made up of a Receiver Tray and an
exciter amplifier chassis assembly. The
modules and assemblies that make up
the translator are listed in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1: Innovator LX Series Translator Trays and Assemblies
IF Processor
Module
Controller/
Power Supply
Module
Power
Amplifier
Module
LO/Upconverter
Module
Receiver
Tray
ASSEMBLY DESIGNATOR
A3
A4
A5
A6
A11
A12
A20
LX Series, Rev. 0
TRAY/ASSEMBLY NAME
Receiver Tray
IF Processor Module
Control & Monitoring/Power
Supply Module
LO/Upconverter Module
Power Amplifier Module, 100
Watt Translator
Backplane Board
Switch Board
LCD Display Board
2-1
PART NUMBER
1265-1100
1301938
1301936
1301930
1301923
1301941
1527-1406
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 2, System Description &
Remote Control Connections
The Receiver Tray receives a VHF or UHF
Channel input at Jack (J1) and converts it
to an internally diplexed Visual + Aural IF
Output (+0 dBm) at J4. The Visual +
Aural IF output of the Receiver Tray at J4
is fed to J6 the IF Input Jack of the
exciter.
2.1.1 8 Receiver Tray (1265-1100;
Appendix B)
RECEIVER
TRAY
INPUT LEVEL: -61 dBm to –16dBm
OUTPUT LEVEL: 0 dBm
POWER REQUIREMENTS: 110 or 220 VAC
Table 2-5. Receiver Samples
SAMPLE
Front panel sample – f (IF)
Front panel sample – f (s)
DESCRIPTION
Sample of the IF output
Sample of the channel oscillator
directly into a backplane board, which
provides module to module
interconnection as well as interconnection
to remote command and control
connectors.
Exciter Amplifier Chassis Assembly
All of the modules except the power
amplifier module and the power supply
section, located in the Control &
Monitoring/Power Supply Module, plug
LX Series, Rev. 0
2-2
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 2, System Description &
Remote Control Connections
(full off) and 105% (full power plus). A
front panel IF Processor module
potentiometer sets the upper limit of RF
power at 120%. The system's Control
Monitoring board compares the RF
Power Monitoring module RF power level
with the desired level and uses the IF
Power Control PWM line to correct for
errors.
2.1.2 (A3) IF Processor Module
Assembly (1301938; Appendix B)
In digital systems, a digital level control
(DLC) voltage is generated on the IF
Processor module and sent to an
external digital modulator (DT1C or
DT2B). RF power control is
implemented by changing the DLC
voltage provided to the external digital
modulator. The 'RF High' potentiometer
sets the upper adjusted range of RF
control circuit output to 120%.
The (A3) IF Processor Assembly contains
the IF Processor Board (1301977). The IF
Processor provides pre-correction to
ensure broadcast quality output signal.
The pre-correction consists of amplitude
linearity correction, Incidental Carrier
Phase Modulation (ICPM) correction and
frequency response correction.
The IF Processor module provides a
reference ALC voltage to the system's
Upconverter. When the ALC voltage
decreases, the Upconverter
automatically lowers the system output
power through the AGC circuits.
The IF Processor module has a front
panel switch to select Auto or Manual
ALC. When Manual ALC is selected, the
reference ALC voltage is set by a front
panel potentiometer. In this condition,
the RF power level control circuit is
removed from use. When the ALC select
switch is changed to Auto, the RF power
level control circuit will start at low
power and increase the RF output until
the desired output power is attained.
The IF Processor module is configured
either for an analog or digital system.
Pin 13C of the IF Processor module is
grounded in analog systems and left not
connected in digital systems. An IF
Processor Interlock signal is used to
report the presence of the IF Processor
module to the Control Monitoring board.
If the IF Processor interlock signal is not
present, the Innovator LX 100 Watt
Translator/Exciter Driver RF output is
Muted (turned off). If an analog IF
Processor module is installed and the
Modulation Present signal is not true,
the Innovator LX 100 Watt Translator /
Exciter Driver output is Muted (turned
off).
The IF Processor module Modulation
Present signal is monitored. If the
modulation level is too low or nonexistent, a Modulation Present fault is
reported to the Control Monitoring
board. When the controller detects this
fault, it can be set to Automatically Mute
the translator or in Manual mode the
translator will continue to operate at
25% output.
The Control & Monitoring/Power Supply
module uses the IF Processor module for
System output power control. Through
the front panel display or a remote
interface, an operator can set the
translator's RF output power. The range
of RF power adjustment is between 0%
LX Series, Rev. 0
The IF Processor module Input Signal
level is monitored. If the signal level is
too low or non-existent, an Input fault is
2-3
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 2, System Description &
Remote Control Connections
reported on the Control Monitoring
board. When the IF Processor board
detects an Input Signal fault it
automatically Mutes the translator. The
system controller does not Mute on an
IF Processor Input fault.
Table 2-6. IF Processor Front Panel Switch
SWITCH
FUNCTION
When Manual ALC is selected, the reference ALC voltage is set
by the ALC Gain front panel potentiometer.
MAN/AUTO ALC
When Auto ALC is selected, the IF level control circuit will
automatically increase the IF output until the desired output
power is attained.
Table 2-7. IF Processor Front Panel Status Indicators
LED
INPUT FAULT (Red)
ALC Fault (Red)
MUTE (Red)
FUNCTION
When lit it indicates that there is a loss of the IF Input signal to the
IF Processor. Translator can be set to Mute on an IF Input Fault.
When lit it indicates that the required gain to produce the desired
output power level has exceeded the operational range of the ALC
circuit. The LED will also be lit when ALC is in Manual.
When lit it indicates that the IF input signal is cut back but the
enable to the Power Supply is present and the +32 VDC remains on.
Table 2-8. IF Processor Front Panel Control Adjustments
POTENTIOMETERS
FREQUENCY
RESPONSE
EQUALIZER
ALC GAIN
MAN GAIN
LINEARITY
CORRECTION
DESCRIPTION
These three variable resistors, R103, R106 & R274, adjust the
depth of gain for the three stages of frequency response correction.
Adjusts the gain of the translator when the translator is in the Auto
ALC position.
Adjusts the gain of the translator when the translator is in the
Manual ALC position.
These three variable resistors adjust the threshold cut in for the
three stages of linearity pre-correction. R211 and R216, the top
two pots, are adjusted to correct for in phase amplitude distortions.
R 231, the bottom pot, is adjusted to correct for quadrature phase
distortions.
Table 2-9. IF Processor Front Panel Sample
SMA CONNECTOR
IF SAMPLE
LX Series, Rev. 0
DESCRIPTION
Sample of the pre-corrected IF output of the IF Processor
2-4
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 2, System Description &
Remote Control Connections
Upconverter module potentiometer.
When an over-drive condition is
detected, the Upconverter module
reduces its RF output level. For values
less than 0.9 VDC, the Upconverter uses
the AGC #1 voltage for automatic gain
control by setting it's RF output to
maintain AGC #1 equal to the AGC
voltage set by another front panel
potentiometer. When the Upconverter is
set for manual gain, the RF output of the
Upconverter is set by the front panel
AGC potentiometer. In manual gain
operation, the AGC #1 feedback voltage
from the PA is not used to adjust the RF
level unless an over-drive condition is
detected.
2.1.3 (A5) LO/Upconverter Module
Assembly, Digital (1301954;
Appendix B)
AGC #2 is provided by each of the
optional external amplifier modules.
Diodes are used in each of the external
amplifier forward power circuits to
capture the highest detected sample
voltage. This voltage is used by the
Upconverter to maintain a constant RF
output of the system. As with AGC #1,
the Upconverter module reduces its RF
output level if AGC #2 is too high. AGC
#1 and ACG #2 are diode ORed together
in the Upconverter gain circuit. Both
AGC voltages are first reduced by an onboard potentiometer before being
amplified. If an over-drive condition
does not exist, the higher of the two
AGC voltages is used to control the
Upconverter gain circuit.
The (A5) LO/Upconverter Module
Assembly contains a front panel LED
display board (1303033), a UHF Filter
(1007-1101), a UHF Generator Board
(1585-1265) and a LO/Upconverter
Assembly (1303039). The
LO/Upconverter Assembly contains the
LO/Upconverter Board (1302132).
The Innovator LX Upconverter converts
an IF input signal to a RF output signal
on the desired channel frequency using
a high stability oven controlled oscillator
with very low phase noise and an
Automatic Level Control (ALC) for stable
output signal level.
An AFC Voltage is generated to control
the VCXO of the UHF Generator portion
of the Upconverter module. The typical
AFC voltage is 1.5 VDC but it can be as
high as +5 VDC.
Several control voltages are used for
translator power control. Automatic
gain control (AGC) circuits set the RF
output level of the translator system.
The Upconverter can operate on either
it's internal 10 MHz source or on a 10
MHz external reference signal. When an
external 10 MHz source is present on
J10, it is automatically selected. An
external reference present signal is
provided to the controller for display
purposes. The selected 10 MHz signal
from the Upconverter is buffered then
sent to the backplane on two ports. One
AGC #1 is provided by the 50 Watt
Translator/Exciter Driver Power Amplifier
module. This voltage is used by the
Upconverter to maintain a constant RF
output level at the Power Amplifier
module output. If this voltage exceeds
0.9 VDC, the system is in an over-drive
condition. The 0.9 VDC over-driver
threshold is set by a front panel
LX Series, Rev. 0
2-5
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 2, System Description &
Remote Control Connections
port is sent to the Modulator module, if
present, and the other is routed to a
BNC connector (J11) on the backplane
for a system 10 MHz output signal.
/ 5 kHz. The maximum LO frequency
setting with these parameters is
1310.715 MHz.
Example:
A National Semiconductor frequency
synthesizer IC is used in the frequency
conversion of the IF signal to a RF
signal. The frequency synthesizer IC
uses a 10MHz reference frequency for
signal conversion. Typically the IF input
frequency is 45.75 MHz for analog
system and 44 MHz for DTV. To obtain
different output RF frequencies, the
synthesizer IC is serial programmed by
the Control Monitoring board. The part
is programmed to use a 5 kHz phase
detection frequency. With a 10 MHz
input signal, the R counter is set to
2000. With these settings the N counter
is set to the desired LO frequency in kHz
For a Frequency RF Out = 517.125 MHz,
N = 517125 kHz / 5 kHz = 103425
An Upconverter PLL Lock indicator is
used to insure that the frequency control
circuits are operating properly. When
the Upconverter PLL is locked, the
frequency synthesizer IC is programmed
and the Power Amplifier module(s) can
be enabled.
The RF output of the LO/Upconverter
Module is at J23 on the rear chassis.
Table 2-10. LO/Upconverter Front Panel Switch
SWITCH
MAN/AUTO AGC
FUNCTION
When Manual AGC is selected, the reference AGC voltage is
set by the AGC Manual Gain front panel potentiometer.
When Auto AGC is selected, the RF power level control circuit
will automatically increase the RF output until the desired
output power is attained.
Table 2-11. LO/Upconverter Front Panel Status Indicator
LED
AGC CUTBACK
(Red)
FUNCTION
When lit it indicates that the required gain to produce the desired
output power level has exceeded the level set by the AGC Cutback
(Override) adjust. Translator will cut back power to 25%
Table 2-12. LO/Upconverter Front Panel Control Adjustments
POTENTIOMETERS
MAN GAIN ADJ
AGC CUTBACK ADJ
(AGC OVERRIDE)
DESCRIPTION
Adjusts the gain of the translator when the translator is in the
Manual AGC position.
Adjusts the point at which the translator will cut back in power
when the Translator is in the Auto AGC position.
Table 2-13. LO/Upconverter Front Panel Samples
SMA CONNECTOR
LO SAMPLE
RF SAMPLE
LX Series, Rev. 0
DESCRIPTION
Sample of the LO signal to the Upconverter as generated by the
UHF Generator Board.
Sample of the On Channel RF Output of the Upconverter
2-6
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 2, System Description &
Remote Control Connections
The (A4) Control & Monitoring/Power
Supply Assembly is made up of a Control
Board (1302021), a Power Protection
Board (1302837) and a Switch Board
(1527-1406). The Assembly also
contains a switching power supply that
provides ±12 VDC to the rest of the
modules in the chassis and +32 VDC to
the Power Amplifier module.
2.1.4 (A4) Control & Monitoring/
Power Supply Module Assembly
(1301936; Appendix B)
The Assembly provides all translator
control and monitoring functions. The
Front panel LCD allows monitoring of
system parameters, including forward
and reflected power, transistor currents,
module temperatures and power supply
voltages.
8A
4A
Table 2-14. Controller/Power Supply Display
DISPLAY
LCD
FUNCTION
A 4 x 20 display providing a four-line readout of the internal
functions, external inputs, and status. See Chapter 3,
Controller/Power Supply Display Screens, for a listing of displays.
Table 2-15. Controller/Power Supply Status Indicator
LED
OPERATE
( green )
FAULT
( red or green )
DC OK
( red or green )
FUNCTION
When lit it indicates that the translator is in the Operate Mode. If
translator is Muted the Operate LED will stay lit, the translator will
remain in Operate, until the input signal is returned.
Red indicates that a problem has occurred in the translator. The
translator will be Muted or placed in Standby until the problem is
corrected.
Green indicates that the switchable fuse protected DC outputs that
connect to the modules in the translator are OK.
Table 2-16. Controller/Power Supply Control Adjustments
POTENTIOMETERS
DISPLAY CONTRAST
LX Series, Rev. 0
DESCRIPTION
Adjusts the contrast of the display for desired viewing of screen.
2-7
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 2, System Description &
Remote Control Connections
The 50 Watt Translator/Exciter Driver
Power Amplifier module and any
External Amplifier modules contain the
same control and monitoring board.
This board monitors RF output power,
RF reflected power, the current draw of
amplifier sections, the supply voltage,
and the temperature of the PA heat sink.
2.1.5 (A6) Power Amplifier Module
Assembly, Exciter, 5W-50W
Translator (1301923; Appendix B)
The RF power detector circuit outputs
vary with operating frequency. These
circuits must be calibrated at their
intended operating frequency. Front
panel adjustment potentiometers are
used to calibrate the following:
Table 1: Power Amplifier Calibration
Adjustments in Analog Systems
R201
R202
R203
R204
R205
The (A6) Power Amplifier Module
Assembly is made up of a Coupler Board
Assembly (1301949), an Amplifier
Control Board (1301962), a 1 Watt
Module Assembly (1302891), a TFS 40W
UHF Module (1206693) and a RF Module
Pallet, Philips (1300116).
In analog systems, the Aural power of
an Exciter Driver Power Amplifier and
the Aural power of any external
amplifier will not be reported by the
system Control Monitoring module.
Additionally the Visual power of these
amplifiers, is reported as Forward Power
just like in digital systems. In analog
systems, aural and visual power will only
be reported for the final system RF
output.
The Power Amplifier Module contains
Broadband LDMOS amplifiers that cover
the entire UHF band with no tuning
required. They amplify the RF to the
10W to 50W output power level of the
translator.
The Power Amplifier of the
Translator/Exciter Driver is used to
amplify the RF output of the
Upconverter module. A cable, located on
the rear chassis, connects the RF output
from the LO/Upconverter at J23 to J24
the RF input to the PA Assembly. This
module contains RF monitoring circuitry
for both an analog and a digital system.
Control and monitoring lines to the
Power Amplifier module are routed
through the floating blind-mate
connector of the Control &
Monitoring/Power Supply module.
LX Series, Rev. 0
Reflected Power Cal
Visual / Forward Power Cal
Aural Power Cal
Visual Offset Zero
Aural Null
In digital systems, the Forward power of
an Exciter Driver Power Amplifier and
the Forward power of any external
amplifier, is reported by the system
Control Monitoring module.
If the Control Monitoring module is
monitoring a 5-50 Watt Translator,
system power is measured in the Power
Amplifier module. The wired
connections are transferred through the
power supply connector to the
backplane board on a five position
header. All four positions of control
board switch SW1 must be set on to
2-8
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 2, System Description &
Remote Control Connections
route these lines as the system's RF
power signals. In systems of output
power greater than 50 Watts, system
power is monitored by an external
module that is connected to TB31 and
control board SW1 switches must be set
off.
module is routed to the Upconverter
module as AGC #1. A system overdrive condition is detected when this
value rises above 0.9 VDC. When an
over-drive condition is detected, the
Upconverter module reduces its RF
output level. For values less than 0.9
VDC, the Upconverter uses this voltage
for automatic gain.
The Forward Power of the
Translator/Exciter Driver Power Amplifier
Table 2-17. Power Amplifier Status Indicator
LED
ENABLED
(Green)
DC OK
(Green)
TEMP
(GREEN)
MOD OK
(Green)
FUNCTION
When lit Green, it indicates that the PA is in the Operate Mode. If a
Mute occurs, the PA will remain Enabled, until the input signal is
returned.
When lit Green, it indicates that the fuse protected DC inputs to the
PA module are OK.
When lit Green, it indicates that the temperature of the heatsink
assembly in the module is below 78ûC.
When lit Green, it indicates that the PA Module is operating and has
no faults.
Table 2-18. Power Amplifier Control Adjustments
POTENTIOMETERS
RFL CAL
VISUAL CAL
AURAL CAL
VISUAL ZERO
AURAL NULL
DESCRIPTION
Adjusts the gain of the Reflected Power monitoring circuit
Adjusts the gain of the Visual / Forward Power monitoring circuit
Adjusts the gain of the Aural Power monitoring circuit
Adjusts the offset of the Forward Power monitoring circuit
Adjusts the offset of the Forward Power monitoring circuit based on
the Aural signal level..
Table 2-19. Power Amplifier Sample
DISPLAY
FWD SAMPLE
FUNCTION
RF sample of the amplified signal being sent out the module on J25.
and a reflected power sample for test
purposes.
2.1.6 RF Output Assemblies
Modulated IF from the Receiver Tray
connects to the rear of the Innovator LX
chassis assembly at J6, Modulated IF
Input. The power amplifiers RF output
jack is at a “N” connector J25, PA RF
Output.
2.2 Control and Status
The control and status of the
exciter/amplifier Chassis assembly is
found by operating the front panel
display screens. Detailed information on
the use of the screens is found in chapter
3.
The RF output of the PA module is
connected to a band-pass and trap filter
and then to an output coupler assembly.
The coupler assembly provides a forward
LX Series, Rev. 0
2-9
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 2, System Description &
Remote Control Connections
2.2.1 Front Panel Display Screen
2.3.1 Principles of Operation
A 4 x 20 display located on the front of
the Control & Monitoring/Power Supply
Module is used in the Innovator LX
translator for control of the operation
and display of the operating parameters
of the translator.
Operating Modes
This translator is either operating or in
standby mode. The sections below
discuss the characteristics of each of
these modes.
Operate Mode
2.3 System Operation
When the translator is in operate, as set
by the menu screen located on the
Control & Monitoring Module. The IF
Processor will be enabled, the mute
indicator on the front panel will be
extinguished. The +32 VDC stage of the
Power Supply in the Control & Monitoring
Module is enabled, the operate indicator
on the front panel is lit and the DC OK on
the front panel should also be green.
The enable and DC OK indicators on the
PA Module will also be turned to green.
Operate mode is the normal mode for
the translator when it is providing RF
power output. To provide RF power to
the output, the translator will not be in
mute. Mute is a special case of the
operate mode where the power supply's
+32 VDC section is enabled but there is
no RF output power, because of a fault
condition that causes the firmware to
hold the IF Processor module in a mute
state.
Operate Mode with Mute Condition
When the translator is in standby. The IF
Processor will be disabled, the mute
indicator on the front panel will be red.
The +32 VDC stage of the Power Supply
in the Control & Monitoring Module is
disabled, the operate indicator on the
front panel will be extinguished and the
DC OK on the front panel should remain
green. The enable and indicator on the
PA Module is also extinguished.
The translator will remain in operate
mode but will be placed in mute when
the following fault conditions exists in
the translator.
If the translator does not switch to
Operate when the operate menu is
switched to Operate, check that all faults
are cleared and that the remote control
terminal block stand-by signal is not
active.
Entering Operate Mode
The translator can be controlled by the
presence of the modulated input signal.
If the input signal to the translator is lost,
the translator will automatically cutback
and the input fault indicator on the IF
Processor module will light. When the
video input signal returns, the translator
will automatically return to full power and
the input fault indicator will be
extinguished.
LX Series, Rev. 0
•
•
•
•
Upconverter is unlocked
Upconverter module is not present
IF Processor module is not present
Modulator (if present) is in
Aural/Visual Mute
Entering the operate mode can be
initiated a few different ways by the
translator control board. A list of the
actions that cause the operate mode to
be entered is given below:
•
•
•
2-10
A low on the Remote Translator
Operate line.
User selects "OPR" using switches
and menus of the front panel.
Receipt of an “Operate CMD” over
the serial interface.
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 2, System Description &
Remote Control Connections
•
There are several fault or interlock
conditions that may exist in the
translator that will prevent the translator
from entering the operate mode. These
conditions are:
•
•
•
•
•
Power Amplifier heat sink
temperature greater than 78ûC.
Translator is Muted due to conditions
listed above.
Power Amplifier Interlock is high
indicating that the amplifier is not
installed.
Operating Frequency
The Innovator LX translator controller is
designed to operate on UHF and VHF
frequencies. The exact output frequency
of the translator can be set to one of the
standard UHF or VHF frequencies, or it
can be set to a custom frequency using
software set-up menus. Since RF
performance of the translator requires
different hardware for different
frequency bands, not all frequency
configurations are valid for a specific
translator. Power detectors have
frequency dependency, therefore
detectors of power amplifiers are
calibrated at their frequency of use. The
detectors for System RF monitoring are
also calibrated at the desired frequency
of use.
Standby Mode
The standby mode in the translator
indicates that the translator’s output
amplifier is disabled.
Entering Standby Mode
Similar to the operate mode, the
standby mode is entered various
different ways. These are:
Table 2-22: VHF Television Frequencies
CH
BAND
FREQUENCY BAND
VHF LOW
02
54-60 MHz
VHF HIGH
VHF LOW
03
60-66 MHz
VHF HIGH
VHF LOW
04
66-72 MHz
VHF HIGH
VHF LOW
05
76-82 MHz
VHF HIGH
VHF LOW
06
82-88 MHz
VHF HIGH
VHF HIGH
VHF HIGH
Table 2.23: UHF Television Frequencies
CH
CH
FREQUENCY
FREQUENCY
14
470-476 MHz 38
614-620 MHz
15
476-482 MHz 39
620-626 MHz
16
482-488 MHz 40
626-632 MHz
17
488-494 MHz 41
632-638 MHz
18
494-500 MHz 42
638-644 MHz
19
500-506 MHz 43
644-650 MHz
20
506-512 MHz 44
650-656 MHz
21
512-518 MHz 45
656-662 MHz
22
518-524 MHz 46
662-668 MHz
23
524-530 MHz 47
668-674 MHz
LX Series, Rev. 0
A low on the Remote Translator
Stand-By line.
Depressing the “STB” key on
selected front panel menus.
Receipt of a “Standby CMD” over the
serial interface.
CH
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
CH
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
2-11
FREQUENCY
174-180 MHz
180-186 MHz
186-192 MHz
192-198 MHz
198-204 MHz
204-210 MHz
210-216 MHz
FREQUENCY
752-758 MHz
758-764 MHz
764-770 MHz
770-776 MHz
776-782 MHz
782-788 MHz
788-794 MHz
794-800 MHz
800-806 MHz
806-812 MHz
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
CH
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
FREQUENCY
530-536 MHz
536-542 MHz
542-548 MHz
548-554 MHz
554-560 MHz
560-566 MHz
566-572 MHz
572-578 MHz
578-584 MHz
584-590 MHz
590-596 MHz
596-602 MHz
602-608 MHz
608-614 MHz
CH
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Chapter 2, System Description &
Remote Control Connections
FREQUENCY
674-680 MHz
680-686 MHz
686-692 MHz
692-698 MHz
698-704 MHz
704-710 MHz
710-716 MHz
716-722 MHz
722-728 MHz
728-734 MHz
734-740 MHz
740-746 MHz
746-752 MHz
2.4 Customer Remote Connections
The remote monitoring and operation of
the translator is provided through jacks
TB30 and TB31 located on the rear of the
chassis assembly. If remote connections
are made to the translator, they must be
LX Series, Rev. 0
CH
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
FREQUENCY
812-818 MHz
818-824 MHz
824-830 MHz
830-836 MHz
836-842 MHz
842-848 MHz
848-854 MHz
854-860 MHz
860-866 MHz
866-872 MHz
872-878 MHz
878-884 MHz
884-890 MHz
made through plugs TB30 and TB31 at
positions noted on the translator
interconnect drawing and Table 2-25.
2-12
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 2, System Description &
Remote Control Connections
Table 2-25: Innovator LX Chassis Assembly Hard Wired Remote Interface Connections to
TB30 or TB31, 18 pos. Terminal Blocks Located on the Rear of the Assembly
Signal Name
Pin
Designations
RMT Translator
State
TB30-1
RMT Translator
Interlock
TB30-2
RMT Translator
Interlock
Isolated Return
TB30-3
RMT AUX IO 1
TB30-4
RMT AUX IO 2
TB30-5
RMT
Translator
Operate
RMT
Translator
Stand-By
TB30-6
TB30-7
RMT Power
Raise
TB30-8
RMT Power
Lower
TB30-9
RMT
System Reflect
Power
TB30-10
RMT System
Visual/Forward
Power
TB30-11
RMT
System Aural
Power
TB30-12
RMT Spare 1
RMT Spare 2
TB30-13
TB30-14
LX Series, Rev. 0
Signal Type/Description
Discrete Open Collector Output - A low indicates that
the translator is in the operate mode.
Discrete Open Collector Output - A low indicated the
translator is OK or completes a interlock daisy chain.
When the translator is not faulted, the interlock
circuit is completed.
Ground - Configurable ground return which can be
either jumpered directly to ground or it can be the
“source” pin of an FET so that the translator
interlock can be daisy chained with other translators.
This signal does not directly interface to the
microcontroller.
Discrete Open Collector Inputs, Discrete Open Drain
Outputs, or 0 - 5 VDC Analog Input - When used as
an output, this line is pulled to +5 VDC with a 1.0
kΩ resistor for logic high and pulled to ground for a
low. A diode allows this line to be pulled up to 12
VDC. When used as a digital input, this line
considers all values over 2 Volts as high and those
under 1 volt as low. As an analog input, this line is
protected by a 5.1 zener diode.
Discrete Open Collector Input - A pull down to
ground on this line indicates that the translator is to
be placed into the operate mode.
Discrete Open Collector Input - A pull down to
ground on this line indicates that the translator is to
be placed into the standby mode.
Discrete Open Collector Input - A pull down to
ground on this line indicates that the translator
power is to be raised.
Discrete Open Collector Input - A pull down to
ground on this line indicates that the translator
power is to be lowered.
Analog Output - 0 to 4.0 V- This is a buffered loop
through of the calibrated “System Reflected Power ”
and indicates the translator's reflected output power.
The scale factor is 25 % / 3.2V.
Analog Output - 0 to 4.0 V- This is a buffered loop
through of the calibrated “System Visual/Avg. Power
”. Indicates the translator's Visual / Average power.
Scale factor is 100 % / 3.2V.
Analog Output - 0 to 4.0 V- This is a buffered loop
through of the calibrated “System Aural Power ”.
Indicates the translator's forward Aural output
power. The scale factor is 100 % / 3.2V.
Remote connection to spare module - Use is TBD.
Remote connection to spare module - Use is TBD.
2-13
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Signal Name
Pin
Designations
System Reflect
Power
TB31-13
System Visual /
Forward Power
TB31-14
System Aural
Power
TB31-15
IF Processor
IF Signal Select
TB31-3
IF Processor
DLC Voltage
TB31-4
UC AGC #2
Voltage
TB31-5
RMT Ground
RMT Ground
RMT +12 VDC
RMT -12 VDC
LX Series, Rev. 0
TB30-15, and
17
TB31-1, 2, 6
to 12, and 17
TB30-16
TB31-16
TB30-18
TB31-18
Chapter 2, System Description &
Remote Control Connections
Signal Type/Description
Analog Input - 0 to 1.00 V- This is the input of the
“System Reflected Power ” indicating the translator's
reflected output power. The scale factor is 25 % /
0.80V.
Analog Input - 0 to 1.00 V- This is the input of the
“System Visual / Forward Power ” indicating the
translator's forward Visual / Forward output power.
The scale factor is 100 % / 0.80V.
Analog Input - 0 to 1.00 V- This is the input of the
“System Aural Power ” indicating the translator's
forward Aural output power. The scale factor is 100
% / 0.80V.
Discrete Open Collector Input - A low indicates that
the modulator IF source is to be used by the IF
Processor module. When floating an analog IP
Processor module may use the Modulated IF Input if
the IF Processor sled is so configured.
Analog Output - 0 to 5.00 V- This is the input of IF
Processor module for digital system RF output power
control.
Auxiliary Analog Input - 0 to 1V- This voltage is used
by the Upconverter for gain control. Linear signal
with display resolution of 0.01 %. Primary signal
source is J34-1.
Ground pins available through Remote
Ground pins available through Remote
+12 VDC available through Remote w/ 2 Amp
re-settable fuse
-12 VDC available through Remote w/ 2 Amp
re-settable fuse
2-14
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 2, System Description &
Remote Control Connections
J3 Remote
Connections
Table 2-26. Receiver Tray hard wired Remote Connections thru J3 a 15-pin,
D-Connector located on the rear of the tray
Signal Name
ALC Voltage
(+)
ALC Voltage
(-)
Pin Designations
LX Series, Rev. 0
Signal Type/Description
J3-3
ALC Voltage output
J3-4
ALC Voltage output ground return
2-15
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Chapter 3
Site Considerations, Installation and Setup Procedures
There are special considerations that
need to be taken into account before the
Innovator LX Series translator can be
installed. For example, if the installation
is completed during cool weather, a heatrelated problem may not surface for
many months, suddenly appearing during
the heat of summer. This section
provides planning information for the
installation and set up of the translator.
However, the closer the environment is
to this design, the greater the operating
capacity of the translator.
The fans are designed and built into the
translator will remove the heat from
within the modules, but additional means
are required for removing this heat from
the building. To achieve this, a few issues
need to be resolved. The first step is to
determine the amount of heat to be
removed from the translator room. There
are generally three sources of heat that
must be considered. The first and most
obvious is the heat from the translator
itself. This amount can be determined for
a 100W translator by subtracting the
average power to the antenna (69.5
watts) from the AC input power (675
watts) and taking this number in watts
(605.5) and then multiplying it by 3.41.
This gives a result of 2,065, the BTUs to
be removed every hour. 12,000 BTUs per
hour equals one ton. Therefore, a 1/4ton air conditioner will cool a 100W
translator.
3.1 Site Considerations
The translator requires an AC input line
of 117 VAC @ 5 amps for the 10W
translator or 117 VAC @ 10 amps for the
100W Translator.
The Innovator LX Series Translators are
designed and built to provide long life
with a minimum of maintenance. The
environment in which they are placed is
important and certain precautions must
be taken. The three greatest dangers to
the translator are heat, dirt, and
moisture. Heat is usually the greatest
problem, followed by dirt, and then
moisture. Over-temperature can cause
heat-related problems such as thermal
runaway and component failure. Each
amplifier module in the translator
contains a thermal interlock protection
circuit that will shut down that module
until the temperature drops to an
acceptable level.
The second source of heat is other
equipment in the same room. This
number is calculated in the same way as
the equation for BTUs. The third source
of heat is equally obvious but not as
simple to calculate. This is the heat
coming through the walls, roof, and
windows on a hot summer day. Unless
the underside is exposed, the floor is
usually not a problem. Determining this
number is usually best left up to a
qualified HVAC technician. There are far
too many variables to even estimate this
number without reviewing the detailed
drawings of the site that show all of the
construction details. The sum of these
three sources is the bulk of the heat that
must be removed. There may be other
sources of heat, such as personnel, and
all should be taken into account.
A suitable environment for the translator
can enhance the overall performance and
reliability of the translator and maximize
revenues by minimizing downtime. A
properly designed facility will have an
adequate supply of cool, clean air, free of
airborne particulates of any kind, and no
excessive humidity. An ideal environment
will require temperature in the range of
40° F to 70° F throughout the year,
reasonably low humidity, and a dust-free
room. It should be noted that this is
rarely if ever attainable in the real world.
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-1
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Now that the amount of heat that must
be removed is known, the next step is to
determine how to accomplish this. The
options are air conditioning, ventilation,
or a combination of the two. Air
conditioning is always the preferred
method and is the only way to create
anything close to an ideal environment.
occur on, or worse in, the
translator.
Ventilation will work quite well if the
ambient air temperature is below 100° F,
or about 38° C, and the humidity is kept
at a reasonable level. In addition, the air
stream must be adequately filtered to
ensure that no airborne particulates of
any kind will be carried into the
translator. The combination of air
conditioning for summer and ventilation
during the cooler months is acceptable
when the proper cooling cannot be
obtained through the use of ventilation
alone and using air conditioning
throughout the year is not feasible.
The following precautions should be
observed regarding air conditioning
systems:
2.
Air conditioners have an ARI
nominal cooling capacity rating. In
selecting an air conditioner, do not
assume that this number can be
equated to the requirements of
the site. Make certain that the
contractor uses the actual
conditions that are to be
maintained at the site in
determining the size of the air
conditioning unit. With the desired
conditioned room temperature
under 80° F, the unit must be
derated, possibly by a substantial
amount.
Do not have the air conditioner
blowing directly onto the
translator. Under certain
conditions, condensation may
LX Series, Rev. 0
Do not separate the front of the
translator from the back with the
thought of air conditioning only
the front of the unit. Cooling air is
drawn in at the front of all
translators and in the front and
back of others. Any attempt to
separate the front of the translator
from the rear of the unit will
adversely affect the flow of cooling
air.
4.
Interlocking the translator with the
air conditioner is recommended to
keep the translator from operating
without the necessary cooling.
5.
The periodic cleaning of all filters
is a must.
When using ventilation alone, the
following general statements apply:
Caution: The use of air conditioning
and ventilation simultaneously is not
recommended. This can cause
condensation in the translators.
1.
3.
3-2
1.
The blower, with attendant filters,
should be on the inlet, thereby
pressurizing the room and
preventing dirt from entering the
translator.
2.
The inlet and outlet vents should
be on the same side of the
building, preferably the leeward
side. As a result, the pressure
differential created by wind will be
minimized. Only the outlet vent
may be released through the roof.
3.
The inlet and outlet vents should
be screened with 1/8-inch
hardware cloth (preferred) or
galvanized hardware cloth
(acceptable).
4.
Cooling air should enter the room
as low as practical but in no case
higher than four feet above the
floor. The inlet must be located
where dirt, leaves, snow, etc., will
not be carried in with the cooling
air.
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
5.
The exhaust should be located as
high as possible. Some ducting is
usually required to insure the
complete flushing of heated air
with no stagnant areas.
6.
The filter area must be large
enough to insure a maximum air
velocity of 300 feet per minute
through the filter. This is not a
conservative number but a neverexceed number. In a dusty or
remote location, this number
should be reduced to 150 CFM.
7.
The inlet and outlet(s) must have
automatic damp ers that close any
time the ventilation blower is off.
8.
In those cases in which translators
are regularly off for a portion of
each day, a temperaturedifferential sensor that controls a
small heater must be installed.
This sensor will monitor inside and
outside temperatures
simultaneously. If the inside
temperature falls to within 5° F of
the outside temperature, the
heater will come on. This will
prevent condensation when the
ventilation blower comes on and
should be used even in the
summer.
9.
A controlled-air bypass system
must be installed to prevent the
temperature in the room from
falling below 40° F during
translator operation.
10.
The blower should have two
speeds, which are thermostatically
controlled, and be interlocked with
the translator.
11.
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Regular maintenance of the filters,
if used, can not be
overemphasized.
13.
Above 4000 feet, for external
venting, the air vent on the
cabinet top must be increased to
an 8-inch diameter for a 1-kW
translator and to a 10-inch
diameter for 5-kW and 6-kW
translators. An equivalent
rectangular duct may be used but,
in all cases, the outlet must be
increased by 50% through the
outlet screen.
14.
It is recommended that a site plan
be submitted to Axcera for
comments before installation
begins.
In calculating the blower requirements,
filter size, and exhaust size, if the total
load is known in watts, 2000 CFM into ½
inch of water will be required for each
5000 watts. If the load is known in BTUs,
2000 CFM into ½inch of water will be
required for each 17,000 BTUs. The inlet
filter must be a minimum of seven
square feet, larger for dusty and remo te
locations, for each 5000 watts or 17,000
BTUs. The exhaust must be at least four
square feet at the exhaust screen for
each 5000 watts or 17,000 BTUs.
The information presented in this section
is intended to serve only as a general
guide and may need to be modified for
unusually severe conditions. A
combination of air conditioning and
ventilation should not be difficult to
design (see Figure 3-1).
System interlocking and thermostat
settings should be reviewed with Axcera.
As with any equipment installation, it is
always good practice to consult the
manufacturer when questions arise.
Axcera can be contacted at (724) 8738100
The blower on high speed must be
capable of moving the required
volume of air into a half inch of
water pressure at the required
elevation. The free air delivery
method must not be used.
LX Series, Rev. 0
12.
3-3
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Figure 3-1. 1 kW Minimum Ventilation Configuration
are two thumb screws on the front panel
that hold each of the modules in place.
The receiver tray is mounted in the cabinet
using Chassis Trak cabinet slides. The tray
slides are on the side of the tray. Inspect
the tray for any loose hardware or
connectors, tightening where needed
3.2 Unpacking the Chassis
w/modules, receiver tray, trap filter
and band-pass filter assembly
Thoroughly inspect the chassis with
modules and all other materials upon
their arrival. Axcera certifies that upon
leaving our facility the equipment was
undamaged and in proper working order.
The shipping containers should be
inspected for obvious damage that
indicates rough handling.
3.3 Installing the Chassis w/modules,
receiver tray, trap filter and bandpass filter assembly
The chassis assembly and receiver tray are
made to mount in a standard 19” rack. The
chassis assembly mounts using the four
#10 clearance mounting holes on the ends.
The chassis should be positioned; to
provide adequate air intake into the front
and the air exhaust of the fan in the rear;
the ability to slide the modules out for
replacement purposes; the installation of
the trap filter; the band-pass filter
assembly; and output transmission line.
The chassis or cabinet in which it is
mounted should be grounded using copper
strapping material.
Remove the chassis and modules, along
with the receiver tray, the trap filter and
band-pass filter, from the crates and
boxes.
Check for dents and scratches or broken
connectors, switches, display, or
connectors. Any claims against in-transit
damage should be directed to the carrier.
Inform Axcera as to the extent of any
damage as soon as possible.
The modules are mounted to the chassis
assembly with slides that are on the top
and the bottom of the modules. There
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-4
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Normally, the receiver tray mounts below
the Chassis assembly using Chassis Trak
cabinet slides. The Side Rails are premounted on the sides of the Tray. Install
the Tray slides found in the Installation
Material into the left and right side of the
standard 19" Cabinet. Refer to the
"Cabinet Mounting Instructions For Tray
Slides" drawing below. Check that the
Tray Slides are mounted in line with each
other. Secure the slides by connecting
them to the front and rear mounting bars
using the No. 10 bolts and bar nuts
provided. Insert the Tray onto the Tray
Slides and slide the Tray into the cabinet.
Slowly slide the Tray in and out to verify
that it does not rub against the Chassis
assembly and has no restriction to free
movement. Adjustment to the position of
the Tray may be necessary, and is
accomplished by loosening the cabinet
slide mounting bolts that hold the front of
the slide to the mounting frame of the
Cabinet and moving the Tray up or down
as needed to correct for the rubbing.
Retighten after adjusting.
Figure 3-2. Tray Slides Cabinet Mounting Diagram
NOTE: To pull out the power amplifier
module for replacement purposes, the
input and output coaxial cables must first
be removed from the rear of the chassis
assembly.
LX Series, Rev. 0
Connect the digital mask filter and
coupler assembly to the output of the
chassis assembly.
3-5
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Figure 3-3. Front and Rear View Reconnection Drawing
Connect the transmission line for the
antenna system to the band-pass filter
output.
3.4 AC Input
The Exciter/Amplifier chassis assembly
needs to be plugged into an AC outlet
of 115 or 230 VAC, as set at the
factory. Current requirements are 5
amps for 10W translators and 10 amps
50W translators, in order to operate.
The Receiver Tray requires an AC outlet
of 115 VAC or 230 VAC. The AC can be
set for the Receiver Tray as follows.
FOR 115 VAC – Verify that 115 volts
is indicated on the rear panel cover of
the power entry module. If not, gently
open the cover, remove the fuse
assembly, and reinsert the assembly so
that 115 volts is visible with the cover
closed.
switched on to apply the AC to the rest
of the Tray.
This completes the unpacking and
installation of the Innovator LX Series
UHF television translator. Refer to the
setup and operation procedures that
follow before applying power to the
translator.
3.5 Setup and Operation
Initially, the translator should be turned
on with the RF output at the coupler
assembly terminated into a dummy
load of 10W or 100W depending on the
power rating of the translator. If a load
is not available, check that the output
of the coupler assembly is connected to
the antenna for your system.
FOR 230 VAC – Verify that 230 volts
is indicated on the rear panel cover of
the power entry module. If not, gently
open the cover, remove the fuse
assembly, and reinsert the assembly so
that 230 volts is visible with the cover
closed.
When the AC power cord for the
exciter/amplifier chassis is plugged in,
the AC is always connected to the
translator. There is an On/off circuit
breaker located on the rear of the
Receiver Tray that needs to be
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-6
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
3.5.1 Input Connections
The input connections to the translator
are to the rear of the Receiver Tray and
to the rear of the Chassis Assembly for
the translator.
Refer to the tables and description that
follows for detailed information.
Figure 3-4: Rear View of Innovator LX Series Driver/Translator
Table 3-1: Rear Chassis Connections for the Receiver Tray.
Port
J1
J2
J3
J4
TYPE
IEC
15-pin D
BNC
Function
RF Input
AC Input
Remote Connections
IF Output
Ohm
50
N/A
N/A
50
Table 3-2: Rear Chassis Connections for the Innovator LX Series Driver/Translator.
Port
J1
TB02
J3
J4
J5
J6
J7
J8
J9
J10
J11
Type
IEC
Term
BNC
BNC
BNC
BNC
BNC
BNC
BNC
BNC
BNC
Function
AC Input
Base Band Audio Input
Composite Audio Input
SAP / PRO Audio Input
CW IF Input
Modulated IF Input
Video Input (Isolated)
Visual IF Loop-Thru Output
Aural IF Loop-Thru Output
10 MHz Reference Input
10 MHz Reference Output
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-7
Ohm
N/A
600
75
50
50
50
75
50
50
50
50
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Port
Type
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Function
Ohm
J17
J18
J19
BNC
BNC
BNC
Video Loop-Thru (Isolated)
Visual IF Loop-Thru Input
Aural IF Loop-Thru Input
75
50
50
J23
J24
J25
BNC
BNC
Upconverter RF Output
Power Amplifier RF Input
Power Amplifier RF Output
50
50
50
Term
Term
RJ-45
RJ-45
RJ-45
Remote Control & Monitoring
Remote Control & Monitoring
SCADA (Input / Loop-Thru)
SCADA (Input / Loop-Thru)
System RS-485 Serial
TB30
TB31
J32
J33
J34
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-8
CAT5
CAT5
CAT5
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
characters are special characters used to
navigate up or down through the menu
screens. Display text flashes on discrete
fault conditions for all screens that
display a fault condition.
3.5.2 Front Panel Screens for the
Exciter/Amplifier Chassis Assembly
A 4 x 20 display located on the front of
the Control & Monitoring/Power Supply
Module is used in the Innovator LX
translator for control of the operation
and display of the operating parameters
of the translator. Below are the display
screens for the system. The ↑ and ↓
When the translator is in operate mode,
the STB menu appears. When the
translator is in standby mode, the OPR
menu appears.
Display Menu Screens for the Innovator LX Series Translator
Table 3-3: Menu 01 - Splash Screen #1
C E
W R
2 4
R E
N C
D O M
P A
3 - 8 1
D R
0 0
This is the first of the two translator splash screens that is shown for the first few
seconds after reset.
Table 3-4: Menu 02- Splash Screen #2
O V A
M W A
D A
O R
R S I
D D R
O N
U 2
This is the second of the two translator splash screens
Table 3-5: Menu 10 - Main Screen
↑
O R
E F
W A
L E
T E
P W R
W R
↓
This is the default main screen of the translator. When the translator is in operate, the
'STB' characters appear allowing an operator to place the translator in stand-by. When
the translator is in standby the 'STB' characters are replaced with 'OPR' and an operator
can place the translator into operate by pressing the right most switch on the front panel
display. If the ↓ key is activated the system changes to Menu 11. If the ↑ key is
activated the system displays to Menu 13.
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-9
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Table 3-6: Menu 11 - Error List Access Screen
O R
↑
N T
↓
O R
This screen of the translator shows the current number of errors and provides operator
access to view the error list. This is the entry point to Menu 20. If the ↓ key is activated
the system changes to Menu 12. If the ↑ key is activated the system returns to Menu 10.
Table 3-7: Menu 12 - Translator Device Data Access Screen
N S
↑
M I
↓
E R
N T
D E
This screen of the translator allows access to various parameters of the translator
system. This is the entry point to Menu 30. If the ↓ key is activated the system changes
to Menu 13. If the ↑ key is activated the system returns to Menu 11.
Table 3-8: Menu 13 - Translator Configuration Access Screen
N S
↑
M I
↓
E R
N T
This screen of the translator allows access to various software setting of the translator
system. This is the entry point to Menu 40. If the ↓ key is activated the system returns
to Menu 10. If the ↑ key is activated the system returns to Menu 12.
Table 3-9: Menu 20 - Error List Display Screen
S Y
U P
I N
T E M
O N V E
E R L O
↑
↓
O R
F A
M O D U L
U L T
E S C
This screen of the translator allows access to system faults. Fault logging is stored in
non-volatile memory. The translator's operating state can not be changed in this screen.
The 'CLR' switch is used to clear previously detected faults that are no longer active. The
↑ key and ↓ key allow an operator to scroll through the list. The ESC switch is used to
leave this screen.
Table 3-10: Menu 30 - Translator Device Details Screen
Y S T
M T R
O W E
↑
I N
↓
LX Series, Rev. 0
D E T
O P
U P P
←
O K
M O D E
→
3-10
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
This screen of the translator allows access to translator parameters of installed devices.
The system must be configured for the translator to know which devices are expected to
be present. Current values for all installed devices are shown. If a module is not
installed, only a "MODULE NOT PRESENT" message will be presented. The ↑ and ↓ arrows
scroll through the different parameters of each device.
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-11
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Table 3-11: Translator Device Parameters
System Component
Parameter
Normal
Faulted (Blinking)
Modulator
(Analog Systems)
PLL CIRCUIT
OUTPUT LEVEL
AURAL DEVIATION
CW INPUT
STATION ID
LOCKED
0 - 200 IRE
0 - 125 kHz
PRESENT
SEND soft key
UNLOCKED
N/A
N/A
NOT USED
N/A
IF Processor
(Analog Systems)
INPUT STATE
MODULATION
IF INPUT
ALC LEVEL
ALC MODE
DLC LEVEL
OK
OK
MODULATOR or J6
0 - 5.00 V
AUTO or MANUAL
0 - 5.00 V
FAULT
FAULT
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
IF Processor
(Digital Systems)
ALC LEVEL
ALC MODE
DLC LEVEL
0 - 5.00 V
AUTO or MANUAL
0 - 5.00 V
N/A
N/A
N/A
PLL CIRCUIT
AFC LEVEL
AGC 1 LEVEL
AGC 2 LEVEL
FAULT
N/A
N/A
N/A
LO / Upconverter
EX. 10 MHz
LO FREQ
LOCKED
0 - 5.00 V
0 - 5.00 V
0 - 5.00 V
PRESENT or NOT
USED
xxx.xxx MHz
Power Amp
(In Analog
Systems)
AMP STATE
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
VISUAL POWER
AURAL POWER
REFLECTED POWER
AMP CURRENT 1
AMP CURRENT 2
AMP TEMPERATURE
CODE VERSION
ENABLED or
DISABLED
OK or OFF
xxx%
xxx%
xxx%
xx.xA
xx.xA
xxC
x.x
N/A
FAULT
xxx%
xxx%
xxx%
xx.xA
xx.xA
xxC
N/A
Power Amp
(In Digital Systems)
AMP STATE
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
FORWARD POWER
REFLECTED POWER
AMP CURRENT 1
AMP CURRENT 2
AMP TEMPERATURE
CODE VERSION
ENABLED or
DISABLED
OK or OFF
xxx%
xxx%
xx.xA
xx.xA
xxC
x.x
N/A
FAULT
xxx%
xxx%
xx.xA
xx.xA
xxC
N/A
AMP STATE
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
FORWARD POWER
REFLECTED POWER
AMP CURRENT 1
AMP CURRENT 2
ENABLED or
DISABLED
OK or OFF
xxx%
xxx%
xx.xA
xx.xA
N/A
FAULT
xxx%
xxx%
xx.xA
xx.xA
Ext. Power Supply
Tray x Mod y
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-12
N/A
N/A
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
System Component
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Parameter
Normal
AMP CURRENT 3
AMP TEMPERATURE
CODE VERSION
xx.xA
xxC
x.x
Faulted (Blinking)
xx.xA
xxC
N/A
Table 3-12: Menu 40 - Translator Set-up: Power Raise/Lower Screen
N S M I
P O W E
S E T T
↑
↓
E R
R A
N G
( + )
U P
O W E
( -
This screen of the translator is the first of several that allows access to translator set-up
parameters. When + is selected, the Power will increase. When - is selected, the Power
will decrease..
Table 3-13: Menu 40-1 - Translator Set-up: Model Select Screen
N S M I
T R A N
N U M B
↑
↓
T E R
M I T
( + )
- U
M O
0 0
D E
A L
( -
This screen is used to specify which components are expected to be part of the system.
By specifying the model number, the translator control firmware knows which
components should be installed and it will be able to display faults for components that
are not properly responding to system commands.
Table 3-14: Menu 40-2 - Translator Set-up: Frequency Select Screen
↑
N S
F R
T A
M I
E Q
B L
↓
T T
U E
C T
( -
This screen of the translator is allows access to translator frequency set-up parameters.
The choices of this screen are 'TABLE' or 'CUSTOM'. When table is selected, the next
menu will be used to select the desired operating frequency. When custom is selected,
the next menu is used to select a specific operating frequency.
Table 3-15: Menu 40-3 - Translator Set-up: Frequency Table Select Screen
↑
N S M I
F R E Q
C H
↓
T T
U E
C T
M H z
( - )
The choices of this screen are from the standard UHF / VHF tables. + and - change the
desired value of the translator. Any change to frequency is immediately set to the LO /
Upconverter Frequency Synthesizer PLL circuit.
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-13
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Table 3-16: Menu 40-4 - Translator Set-up: IF Frequency Screen
N S M I
I F
I N P U
↑
↓
U E
5 .
M H
This screen is used to specify the IF Input frequency. This value plus the desired channel
value is used to calculated the desired LO frequency. + is used to increase the selected
value from 0 to 9. The > key is used to select from each of the different fields that make
up the desired frequency. Any change to frequency is immediately set to the LO /
Upconverter Frequency Synthesizer PLL circuit.
Table 3-17: Menu 40-5 - Translator Set-up: Custom Frequency Select Screen
N S
F R
↑
M I
E Q
↓
T T
U E
C T
M H z
( - )
This screen is used to specify the operating frequency to an exact value. + is used to
increase the selected value from 0 to 9. The > key is used to select from each of the
different fields that make up the desired frequency.
Any change to frequency is
immediately set to the LO / Upconverter Frequency Synthesizer PLL circuit.
Table 3-18: Menu 40-6 - Translator Set-up: Serial Address Screen
↑
N S
S E
M I
R I
↓
+ )
S E
D R
This screen allows the user to set the serial address of the translator. The default
address is 5. This value and all other set-up parameters, are stored in non-volatile
memory.
Table 3-19: Menu 40-7 - Translator Set-up: System Forward Power Calibration
↑
N S M I T
S Y S T E
F O R W A
↓
T E R
R D
( + )
- )
This screen is used to adjust the calibration of the system's forward power. A symbol
placed under the '6' character is used to show minor changes in the calibration value.
When the calibration value is at full value, the character will be full black. As the value
decreases, the character pixels are gradually turned off.
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-14
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Table 3-20: Menu 40-8 - Translator Set-up: System Aural Power Calibration
N S M I
S Y S T
A U R A
↑
↓
T E
( +
C A
W R
- )
In analog systems, this screen is used to adjust the calibration of the system's aural
forward power.
Table 3-21: Menu 40-9 - Translator Set-up: System Reflected Power Calibration
↑
N S
S Y
R E
M I
S T
F L
↓
T E R
C T
( + )
- )
This screen is used to adjust the calibration of the system's reflected power.
Table 3-22: Menu 40-10 - Translator Set-up: Forward Power Fault Threshold Screen
↑
N S M I
M I N I
P O W E
↓
T T
M U
E R
F A
+ )
T W A
5 0
( -
This screen is used to set the minimum forward power fault threshold.
When the
translator is operating, it must operate above this value otherwise the system will shut
down with fault for 5 minutes. If after five minutes the fault is not fixed, the translator
will enable, measure power less than this value and again shut down for five minutes.
Table 3-23: Menu 40-11 - Translator Set-up: Reflected Power Fault Threshold
↑
N S M I
M A X I
P O W E
↓
T T
M U
E R
F A
+ )
This screen is used to set the maximum reflected power fault threshold. When the
translator is operating, it must not operate above this value otherwise the system will
shut down with fault for 5 minutes. If after five minutes the fault is not fixed, the
translator will enable, measure power above this value and again shut down for five
minutes.
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-15
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Table 3-24: Menu 40-12 - Translator Set-up: Remote Commands Control
↑
N S M I T
R E M O T
C O M M A
↓
T E
N D
( +
- U
O L
E P
This screen is used to allow or deny the use of remote control commands. When
disabled, remote commands are not used. Remote commands are commands received
either through the rear terminal blocks or through serial messages.
This completes the description of the
screens for the Innovator LX Series
exciter/amplifier chassis assembly.
If the translator is already connected to
the antenna, check that the output is
100%. If necessary, adjust the amplifier
power detection circuitry or LO /
Upconverter AGC settings. The power
raise / lower settings are only to be used
for temporary reductions in power. The
LX Series, Rev. 0
power set-back values do not directly
correspond to the power of the
translator. Setting for 50% output sets a
linear circuit voltage which is controlling
a non-linear power circuit.
If a problem occurred during the setup
and operation procedures, refer to
Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment
Procedures, of this manual for more
information.
3-16
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
Chapter 4
Circuit Descriptions
4.1 (A1) UHF/VHF Receiver Tray
(1265-1100)
4.1.2 (A8) Dual Stage Amplifier
Assembly (1227-1503)
The UHF/VHF Receiver Tray w/(Optional)
Frequency Correction selects the desired
UHF or VHF On Channel Input Signal and
converts it to a Combined IF Signal of
45.75 MHz Visual + 41.25 MHz Aural.
The Tray also has provisions for a
Frequency Correction Option that
consists of a VCXO Channel Oscillator
Assembly with a PLL Circuit which
maintains an exact IF Output Frequency,
over the capture range of the PLL circuit,
even if the Input UHF or VHF Frequency
may vary.
The signal is next amplified +12 dB to
approximately the -49 to -4 dBm level by a
low noise amplifier located on (A8-A1) the
Dual Stage Amplifier Board (1227-1501)
that is contained in (A8) the Dual Stage
Amplifier Assembly (1227-1503).
The
board has approximately +13 dB or +26
dB of gain, depending on whether Jumper
W1 on J5 is in place. The amplified output
connects out of the board at J2.
4.1.3 (A9) Channel Filter, UHF (10071101), VHF L.B. (1034-1202) or VHF
H.B. (2065-1000)
RF Signal Path
The signal is then filtered in (A9) a Channel
Filter (1007-1101 UHF, 1034-1202 VHF LB
or 2065-1000 VHF HB) and then applied
back to (A8-A1) the Dual Stage Board at
J3.
4.1.1 (A7) 50 Filter, DC
Multiplexed, UHF (1035-1204), VHF
L.B. (1035-1902) or VHF H.B. (20651024) or 75 , UHF (1035-1207),
VHF L.B. (1035-1903) or VHF H.B.
(2065-1023)
More amplification of the signal takes place
on the Dual Stage Board, if needed.
Jumper W1 on J7 should be removed if the
Receiver Input level is greater than 40dBm.
The RF Input to the Tray, (-61 dBm to 16 dBm in Level), is fed through J1 for
50Ω to (A7) the input 50Ω Filter, DC
Multiplexed (1035-1204 UHF, 1035-1902
VHF LB or 2065-1024 VHF HB) or
through J5 for 75Ω to (A7) the 75Ω input
Filter, DC Multiplexed (1035-1207 UHF,
1035-1903 VHF LB or 2065-1023 VHF
HB), which is of a double tuned design
that is adjusted to the desired Input UHF
or VHF Channel Frequency. Note: If the
input signal is greater than -25dBm, an
attenuator should be used to limit the
level to -25dBm. +12 VDC, for use by an
(Optional)
external
Preamplifier
Assembly, connects to the filter through
F1 a 1 Amp Fuse. This +12 VDC is DC
Multiplexed onto the input signal cable
from the Preamplifier. DS1 a Red LED
located on TB1 in the Tray will be lit if the
+12 VDC is present on the input cable.
If a Preamplifier is not used, F1 should be
removed and DS1 should not be lit.
LX Series, Rev. 0
4.1.4 (A10) Downconverter Amplifier
Assembly, 45.75 MHz. (1227-1505)
The output is connected to (A10) the
Downconverter Amplifier Assembly (12271505)
that
contains
(A10-A1)
the
Downconverter Amplifier Board (12271502). The RF, at the -47 dBm to -2 dBm
Level, connects to the "R" Input Jack of the
Mixer Z1 located on the Downconverter
Amplifier Board.
Local Oscillator Signal Path
The Local Oscillator Signal is derived from
a cut to channel crystal mounted in an
oven that is factory set at 45° C. The
Oscillator operates at 1/8 for UHF, 1/4 for
4-1
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
VHF High Band or 1/2 for VHF Low Band
of the desired local oscillator frequency.
4.1.5 (A4) Channel Oscillator
Assembly (1145-1202)
The crystal is mounted on (A4-A1) the
Channel Oscillator Board, Dual Oven
(1145-1201), that is part of the Channel
Oscillator Assembly (1145-1202).
The
oscillator circuitry is a modified Colpitts
design operating in a separate oven set
at 50° C. for improved stability. If the
Frequency
Correction
Option
is
purchased, the VCXO Channel Oscillator
Assembly (1145-1206), which contains
the VCXO Channel Oscillator Board
(1145-1204), is used in place of the
standard Channel Oscillator Assembly,
and an AFC voltage from the PLL circuit
maintains the frequency of the VCXO.
4.1.6 (A5-A1) x8 Multiplier Board
(1227-1002), x2 Multiplier Board
(1227-1524) or x4 Multiplier Board
(1227-1525)
The output of the Channel Oscillator is
connected to the (A5-A1) the x8
Multiplier Board (1227-1002) for UHF,
the x4 Multiplier Board (1227-1525) for
VHF HB or the x2 Multiplier Board
(1227-1524) for VHF LB, which is located
in (A5) the Multiplier Enclosure (12651125). The proper multiplier board takes
the output of the Channel Oscillator (+3
dBm) and multiplies it eight, four or two
times by a series of three, two or one x2
Broadband Doublers (2x2x2 = x8), which
produces the L.O. signal on the desired
frequency needed for the upconversion
process. The signal is then amplified to
the +16 dBm level. A sample of the
multiplied L.O. Signal is fed to a detector
circuit which lights the Green LED DS1
that indicates that the L.O. is present at
the Output Jack J2 of the Multiplier
Board. This Green LED is seen through a
hole the lid of the Multiplier Assembly
and is an indication, when lit, that there
is a signal present at the output of the
Multiplier Board.
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
4.1.7 (A6) L.O. Filter, UHF (10071101), VHF L.B. (1034-1211) or VHF
H.B. (2065-1000)
The L.O. signal is filtered in (A6) a L.O.
Filter 1007-1101 UHF, 2065-1000 VHF HB
or 1034-1211 VHF LB) and then sent (+15
dBm) to J2 on (A10-A1) the
Downconverter Amplifier Board.
The L.O. Input to the Downconverter
Amplifier Board is connected thru a 3 dB
matching pad to the "L" Input of the Mixer
(Z1) at a +12 dBm level.
Combined IF Signal Path
The L.O. and the RF signals are mixed in
the Mixer Stage of the Downconverter
Amplifier Board to produce the desired IF
difference frequency at -55 dBm to -10
dBm in level, depending on the RF Input
Level.
4.1.8 (A11-A1) IF Filter/ALC Board
(1227-1504)
The Combined IF Signal is routed to (A11A1) the IF Filter/ALC Board (1227-1504),
which is mounted in (A11) the IF Filter/ALC
Enclosure (1265-1105). The IF Filter/ALC
Board contains a Pin Diode Attenuator
circuit which is part of the Automatic Level
Control (ALC) that controls the level of the
IF Signal to the two stage amplifier ICs U1
and U2.
4.1.9 (A11-A2) (Optional) SAW
Filter/Amplifier Board (1035-1211)
The
(Optional)
(A11-A2)
SAW
Filter/Amplifier Board (1035-1211) is also
contained in the IF Filter/ALC Enclosure.
The SAW Filter/Amplifier Board connects to
J5 and J6 of the IF Filter/ALC Board if more
attenuation of the Out Of Band products is
needed. If the SAW Filter/Amplifier Board
is not needed, a jumper connects the
Combined IF from J5 to J6 on the IF
Filter/ALC Board.
The Combined IF is then bandpass filtered
to the needed 6 MHz IF bandwidth around
4-2
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
the 41.25 MHz + 45.75 MHz Combined IF
signal and amplified by U3 to the -41
dBm to +4 dBm Level before it is split.
One output is detected by U4 for use as
the ALC reference level to the Pin Diode
Attenuator Circuit. The ALC comparator
drives the Pin Diode Attenuator Circuit to
maintain the desired output level,
typically +2 dBm. The other split output
connects to J2 the Combined IF Output of
the board that is cabled to the IF Output
Jack of the Tray at J4 (+2 dBm).
Frequency Correction Option
If the Frequency Correction Option
(1227-1528) is purchased, (A13) the IF
Filter/Limiter Board (1109-1001), (A14)
the IF PLL Board (1109-1002), the (A15)
IF Carrier Oven Oscillator Board (11001206), (A4) the VCXO Channel Oscillator
Assembly (1145-1206) and (A16) an IF
Amplifier Board, High Gain (1197-1126)
are part of the System.
4.1.10 (A13) (Optional) IF Amplifier
Board (1197-1126)
A Sample of the amplified and ALC
controlled signal from the IF Filter/ALC
Board is directed to the IF Amplifier
Board, High Gain (1197-1126) where it is
amplified and connected to J2 on (A13)
the IF Filter/Limiter Board (1109-1001).
4.1.11 (A13) (Optional) IF
Filter/Limiter Board (1109-1001)
The IF is filtered by a SAW Filter, which
passes Visual Carrier and Aural Carrier
only, and amplified before it is split. The
Aural IF Output is not used in this Tray.
The other output of the splitter is
amplified and applied to a Notch Filter.
The Notch Filter is tuned to the Aural
Frequency by C17 and R10 whic h
reduces or eliminates the Aural IF from
the Visual IF signal. The Visual IF Only
signal then connects to a video detector
circuit which in conjunction with U5 strips
the video from the Visual IF signal. The
IF CW Signal is amplified and buffered
before it is connected to the output of the
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
board at J6. The IF CW connects to J2 of
(A14) the IF PLL Board (1109-1002).
4.1.12 (A14) (Optional) IF PLL Board
(1109-1002)
The IF CW Signal (+3 dBm) on the IF PLL
Board is wired to U1 a Divider IC which, in
conjunction with U2, sets up one of the
reference signals to the comparator circuit.
The other reference signal is derived from
the 50 kHz reference Input at J4 which is a
divided down 50 kHz sample of the 38.9
MHz signal generated on (A15) the IF
Carrier Oven Oscillator Board (1100-1206).
4.1.13 (A15) (Optional) IF Carrier
Oven Oscillator Board (1100-1206)
The 38.9 MHz IF Carrier Oven Oscillator
Board is used instead of the 45.75 MHz IF
Carrier Oven Oscillator Board to minimize
the interference between the generated
45.75 MHz IF and the signal generated on
the (A15) IF Carrier Oscillator Board. The
38.9 MHz signal itself is not used, just the
divided down 50 kHz reference of the 38.9
MHz Signal is used. The two reference
signals applied to the IF PLL Board are
compared by U2 and a difference voltage
(AFC) is produced. The difference voltage
(AFC), approximately -3 VDC, is fed from
J3 of the board to FL2 of (A4) the VCXO
Assembly. If the frequency of the VHF or
UHF Input to the Tray should drift, the ALC
voltage will change to increase or decrease
the output frequency of the VCXO
Assembly which increases or decreases the
L.O. Frequency that maintains the IF
Frequency at the standard 45.75 + 41.25
MHz Frequency. If the frequency of the
Input Signal should drift out of the capture
range of the PLL Circuit, DS1 the Red LED
Unlock Indicator, located on the IF PLL
Board, lights.
Voltages for Operation of the Tray
The AC input to the Tray is 117 VAC or 230
VAC and is directed thru Jack J2, of the
(A1) Power Entry Module (1265-1104), to
the step down Toroid (A2). The Power
Entry Module contains an On/Off Switch, a
4-3
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
4 Amp Slo-Blo Fuse and three MOVs
which protect the Tray from transients or
surges which may occur on the AC Input
Lines.
When the On/Off Switch is
switched On, AC is applied to the (A2)
Toroid.
The Toroid steps down the
voltage into two 16 VAC outputs which
are fed to (A3) the +12V(3A)/-12V Power
Supply Board (1092-1206).
4.1.14 (A3) +12V(3A)/-12V Power
Supply Board (1092-1206)
The 16 VAC Inputs are connected to the
two full wave bridge networks one for
+12 VDC and one for -12 VDC. The
output of the +12 VDC rectifier is fed to
three 7812 IC regulators (U1, U2 and
U3) and the output of the -12 VDC
rectifier is fed to one 7912 IC regulator
(U4).
The ±12V Power Supply Board
provides the voltage regulated and
current limited +12 VDC and -12 VDC to
the rest of the boards in the Tray.
+12VDC for External Preamplifier
+12 VDC is also applied through a 1 Amp
Fuse F1 to (A7) the input DC Multiplexed
UHF or VHF Filter.
The +12 VDC is
multiplexed in the Filter onto the input
coaxial cable that connects from the
(Optional) Remote Preamplifier Unit to
the Receiver Tray.
This supplies the
Preamplifier with the +12 VDC needed
for operation.
The Red LED DS1
mounted on the Terminal Block TB1 will
be lit if the +12 VDC is applied to the
coaxial cable.
Note: If the Red LED,
DS1, is lit, the +12 VDC may damage
Test Equipment that is connected to the
input of the Receiver Tray.
If a
Preamplifier Assembly is not part of your
System, F1 should be removed, therefore
DS1 should not be lit and the +12 VDC is
not multiplexed onto the input coaxial
cable. A spare Fuse for F1 is supplied
and stored near the fuse holder for F1.
UHF Exciter
4.2 (A3) IF Processor Module
Assembly (1301938)
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
The IF from the Receiver Tray enters the
module and the signal is pre-corrected as
needed for amplitude linearity correction,
Incidental Carrier Phase Modulation
(ICPM) correction and frequency response
correction.
The IF Module contains the following
board.
4.2.1 IF Processor Board (1301977)
The automatic level control (ALC) portion
of the board provides the ALC and
amplitude linearity correction of the IF
signal. The ALC adjusts the level of the IF
signal that controls the output power of the
transmitter.
The IF from the Receiver Tray enters the
board at J1B pin 32B. If the (optional)
receiver tray is present, the IF input (0
dBm) from the Receiver Tray connects to
the modulated IF input jack J1C Pin 21C.
The modulated IF input connects to relay
K3 and the receiver IF input connects to
relay K4. The two relays are controlled by
the Modulator Select command that is
connected to J1C Pin 14C on the board.
Modulator select enable/disable jumper
W11 on J29 controls whether the
Modulator Select command at J1C Pin 14C
controls the operation of the relays. With
jumper W11 on J29 between pins 1 and 2,
the Modulator Select command at J1C Pin
14C controls the operation of the relays;
with jumper W11 on J29, pins 2 and 3, the
modulator is selected all of the time.
4.2.1.1 Modulator Selected
With the modulator selected, J1C-14C low,
this shuts off Q12 and causes Pin 8 on the
relays to go high that causes relays K3 and
K4 to de-energize. When K4 is deenergized, it connects the receiver IF input
at J1C-21C, if present, to a 50Ù load.
When K3 is de-energized, it connects the
modulator IF input at J1B-32B to the rest
of the board; Modulator Enable LED DS5
will be illuminated.
4-4
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
4.2.1.2 External Modulated IF Selected
With the External Modulated IF selected,
J1C-14C high, this turns on Q12 and
makes pin 8 on the relays low that
causes the relays K3 and K4 to
energized. When K4 is energized, it
connects the receiver IF input at J at J1C21C, if present, to the rest of the board.
When K3 is energized, it connects to the
modulator IF input at J1B-32B to a 50Ù
load. The Modulator Enable LED DS5 will
not be illuminated.
4.2.1.3 Main IF Signal Path (Part 1 of 3)
The selected IF input (-6 dBm average)
signal is split, with one half of the signal
entering a bandpass filter that consists of
L3, L4, C4, L5, and L6. This bandpass
filter can be tuned with C4 and is
substantially broader than the IF signal
bandwidth. It is used to slightly steer the
frequency response of the IF to make up
for any small discrepancies in the
frequency response in the stages that
precede this point. The filter also serves
the additional function of rejecting
unwanted frequencies that may occur if
the tray cover is off and the tray is in a
high RF environment. (If this is the case,
the transmitter will have to be serviced
with the tray cover off in spite of the
presence of other RF signals). The
filtered IF signal is fed through a pi-type
matching pad consisting of R2, R3, and
R4 to the pin-diode attenuator circuit
consisting of CR1, CR2, and CR3.
4.2.1.4 Input Level Detector Circuit
The other part of the split IF input is
connected through L2 and C44 to U7. U7
is an IC amplifier that is the input to the
input level detector circuit. The amplified
IF is fed to T4, which is a step-up
transformer that feeds diode detector
CR14. The positive-going detected signal
is then low-pass filtered by C49, L18, and
C50. This allows only the positive digital
peaks to be applied through emitter
follower Q1. The signal is then connected
to detector CR15 to produce a peak
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
digital voltage that is applied to op-amp
U9A. There is a test point at TP3 that
provides a voltage-reference check of the
input level. The detector serves the dual
function of providing a reference that
determines the input IF signal level to the
board and also serves as an input
threshold detector.
The input threshold detector prevents the
automatic level control from reducing the
attenuation of the pin-diode attenuator to
minimum, the maximum signal output, if
the IF input to the board is removed. The
ALC, input loss cutback, and the threshold
detector circuits will only operate when
jumper W2 on jack J5 is in the Enabled
position, between pins 2 and 3. Without
the threshold detector, and with the pindiode attenuator at minimum, the signal
will overdrive the stages following this
board when the input is restored.
As part of the threshold detector operation,
the minimum IF input level at TP3 is fed
through detector CR15 to op-amp IC U9A,
pin 2. The reference voltage for the opamp is determined by the voltage divider
that consists of R50 and R51, off the +12
VDC line. When the detected input signal
level at U9A, pin 2, falls below this
reference threshold, approximately 10 dB
below the normal input level, the output of
U9A at pin 1 goes high, toward the +12
VDC rail. This high is connected to the base
of Q2 that is forward biased and creates a
current path. This path runs from the -12
VDC line and through red LED DS1, the
input level fault indicator, which lights,
resistor R54, and transistor Q2 to +12
VDC. The high from U9A also connects
through diode CR16 and R52, to U24D pin
12, whose output at pin 14 goes high. The
high connects through the front panel
accessible ALC Gain pot R284 and the full
power set pot R252 to U24C Pin 9. This
high causes U24C pin 8 to go low. A power
raise/lower input from the
Control/Monitoring Module connects to
J42C pin 24C and is wired to Q14. This
input will increase or decrease the value of
the low applied to U24B and therefore
4-5
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
increase or decrease the power output of
the transmitter.
The low connects to U24B pin 5 whose
output goes low. The low is wired to
U24A pin2 whose output goes high. The
high is applied to U10A, pin 2, whose
output goes low. The low connects
through the switch SW1, if it is in the
auto gain position, to the pin-diode
attenuator circuit, CR1, CR2 & CR3. The
low reverse biases them and cuts back
the IF level, therefore the output level, to
0. When the input signal level increases
above the threshold level, the output
power will increase, as the input level
increases, until normal output power is
reached.
The digital input level at TP3 is also fed
to a pulse detector circuit, consisting of
IC U8, CR17, Q3, and associated
components, and then to a comparator
circuit made up of U9C and U9D. The
reference voltage for the comparators is
determined by a voltage divider
consisting of R243, R65, R66, and R130,
off the -12 VDC line. When the input
signal level to the detector at TP3 falls
below this reference threshold, which
acts as a loss-of-digital peak detector
circuit, the output of U9C and U9D goes
towards the -12 VDC rail and is split, with
one part biasing on transistor Q5. A
current path is then established from the
+12 VDC line through Q5, the resistors
R69 and R137, and the red LED DS3,
input loss indic ator, which is illuminated.
When Q5 is on, it applies a high to the
gate of Q6. This causes it to conduct and
apply a modulation loss pull-down output
to J42C, pin 7C, which is applied to the
front panel display on the
Control/Monitor module.
The other low output of U9C and U9D is
connected through CR18, CR19 & CR20
to jack J5. Jumper W2 on J5, in the
Cutback Enable position, which is
between pins 2 and 3, connects the low
to the base of Q4 that is now forwardbiased. NOTE: If jumper W2 is in the
Disable position, between pins 1 and 2,
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
the auto cutback will not operate. With Q4
biased on, a negative level determined by
the setting of cutback level pot R71 is
applied to U24D, pin 12. The level is set at
the factory to cut back the output to
approximately 25%. The output of U24D at
pin 14 goes low and is applied through the
power adjust pot to U24C, pin 9, whose
output goes low.
The low connects to U24B, pin 5, whose
output goes low. The low then connects to
U24A, pin 2, whose output goes high. The
high is applied to U10A, pin 2, whose
output goes low. The low connects through
the switch SW1, if it is in the auto gain
position, to the to the pin-diode attenuator
circuit, CR1, CR2 & CR3. The low reverse
biases them and cuts back the level of the
output to approximately 25%.
4.2.1.5 Pin-Diode Attenuator Circuit
The input IF signal is fed to a pin-diode
attenuator circuit that consists of CR1, CR2
& CR3. Each of the pin diodes contains a
wide intrinsic region; this makes the diodes
function as voltage-variable resistors at
this intermediate frequency. The value of
the resistance is controlled by the DC bias
supplied to the diode. The pin diodes are
configured in a pi-type attenuator
configuration where CR1 is the first shunt
element, CR3 is the series element, and
CR2 is the second shunt element. The
control voltage, which can be measured at
TP1, originates either from the ALC circuit
when the switch SW1 is in the ALC Auto
position, between pins 2 and 3, or from pot
R87 when SW1 is in the Manual Gain
position, between pins 1 and 2.
In the pin diode attenuator circuit,
changing the amount of current through
the diodes by forward biasing them
changes the IF output level of the board.
There are two extremes of attenuation
ranges for the pin-diode attenuators. In
the minimum attenuation case, the
voltage, measured at TP1, approaches the
+12 VDC line. There is a current path
created through R6, through series diode
CR3, and finally through R9 to ground. This
4-6
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
path forward biases CR3 and causes it to
act as a relatively low-value resistor. In
addition, the larger current flow increases
the voltage drop across R9 that tends to
turn off diodes CR1 and CR2 and causes
them to act as high-value resistors. In
this case, the shunt elements act as a
high resistance and the series element
acts as a low resistance to represent the
minimum loss condition of the attenuator
(maximum signal output). The other
extreme case occurs as the voltage at
TP1 is reduced and goes towards ground
or even slightly negative. This tends to
turn off (reverse bias) diode CR3, the
series element, causing it to act as a
high-value resistor. An existing fixed
current path from the +12 VDC line, and
through R5, CR1, CR2, and R9, biases
series element CR3 off and shunt
elements, diodes CR1 and CR2, on,
causing them to act as relatively lowvalue resistors. This represents the
maximum attenuation case of the pin
attenuator (minimum signal output). By
controlling the value of the voltage
applied to the pin diodes, the IF signal
level is maintained at the set level.
4.2.1.6 Main IF Signal Path (Part 2 of 3)
When the IF signal passes out of the pindiode attenuator through C11, it is
applied to modular amplifier U1. This
device contains the biasing and
impedance-matching circuits that makes
it operate as a wide-band IF amplifier.
The output of U1 connects to J40 that is
jumpered to J41. The J40 jack is
available, as a sample of the precorrection IF for troubleshooting
purposes and system setup. The IF signal
is connector to a splitter Z1 that has an
in phase output and a 90° Quadrature
output, which are then connected to the
linearity corrector portion of the board.
4.2.1.7 Amplitude and Phase
Pre-Correction Circuits
The linearity corrector circuits use three
stages of correction, two adjust for any
amplitude non-linearities and one for
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
phase non-linearities of the output signal.
Two of the stages are in the in phase
amplitude pre-correction path and one
stage is in the quadrature phase precorrection path. Each stage has a variable
threshold control adjustment, R211 and
R216, in the in phase path, and R231, in
the quadrature path, that determines the
point at which the gain is changed for that
stage.
Two reference voltages are needed for the
operation of the corrector circuits. The
Zener diode VR3, through R261, provides
the +6.8 VDC reference. The VREF is
produced using the path through R265 and
the diodes CR30 and CR31. They provide a
.9 VDC reference, which temperature
compensates for the two diodes in each
corrector stage.
The first corrector stage in the in phase
path operates as follows. The in phase IF
signal is applied to transformer T6, which
doubles the voltage swing by means of a
1:4 impedance transformation. Resistors
R222 and R225 form an L-pad that lowers
the level of the signal. The input signal
level when it reaches a certain level causes
the diodes CR24 and CR25 to turn on,
generating current flow that puts them in
parallel with the L-pad. When the diodes
are put in parallel with the resistors, the
attenuation through the L-pad is lowered,
causing signal stretch.
The signal is next applied to amplifier U17
to compensate for the loss through the
L-pad. The breakpoint, or cut-in point, for
the first corrector is set by controlling
where CR24 and CR25 turn on. This is
accomplished by adjusting the threshold
cut-in resistor R211. R211 forms a
voltage-divider network from +6.8 VDC to
ground. The voltage at the wiper arm of
R211 is buffered by the unity-gain
amplifier U16B. This reference voltage is
then applied to R215, R216, and C134
through L44 to the CR24 diode. C134
keeps the reference from sagging during
the vertical interval. The .9 VDC reference
voltage is applied to the unity-gain
amplifier U16D. The reference voltage is
4-7
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
then connected to diode CR25 through
choke L45. The two chokes L44 and L45
form a high impedance for RF that serves
to isolate the op-amp ICs from the IF.
After the signal is amplified by U17, it is
applied to the second corrector stage in
the in phase path through T7. These two
correctors and the third corrector stage
in the quadrature path operate in the
same fashion as the first. All three
corrector stages are independent and do
not interact with each other.
The correctors can be disabled by moving
jumper W12 on J30 to the Disable
position, between pins 1 and 2, this
moves all of the breakpoints past the
greatest peaks of digital so that they will
have no affect.
The pre-distorted IF signal in the in
phase path, connects to an op amp U18
whose output level is controlled by R238.
R238 provides a means of balancing the
level of the amplitude pre-distorted IF
signal that then connects to the combiner
Z2.
The pre-distorted IF signal in the
quadrature path connects to op amp U20
and then step up transformer T9, next op
amp U21 and step up transformer T10
and finally op amp U22 whose output
level is controlled by R258. R258
provides a means of balancing the level
of the Phase pre-distorted IF signal that
then connects to the combiner Z2.
The amplitude and phase pre-distorted IF
signals are combined by Z2 and
connected to J37 that is jumpered to J36
on the board. J37 can be used for
testing or monitoring purposes of the IF
signal after amplitude and phase predistortion. The pre-distorted IF signal
connects through a resistor buffer
network that prevents loading of the
combiner before it is wired to the
frequency response circuitry.
4.2.1.8 Main IF Signal Path (Part 3 of 3)
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
The IF signal, at the input to the
frequency-response corrector circuit, is
split using L24, L25 and R89. One path is
through L24, which is the main IF path
through the board. The main IF is fed
through a resistor network that controls
the level of the IF by adjusting the
resistance of R99, the output level adjust.
The IF signal is then applied to a threestage, frequency-response corrector c ircuit
that is adjusted as needed.
The frequency-response corrector circuit
operates as follows. Variable resistors
R103, R106 and R274 are used to adjust
the depth and gain of the notches and
variable caps C71, C72 and C171 are used
to adjust the frequency position of the
notches. These are adjusted as needed to
compensate for frequency response
problems.
The frequency-response corrected IF is
connected to J38 that is jumpered to J39
on the board. J38 can be used for testing
or monitoring purposes of the IF signal
after frequency response
pre-correction. The IF is next amplified by
U13 and U14. After amplification, the IF is
split with one path connected to J42C pin
1C the IF output to the LO/Upconverter
Module. The other path is fed through a
divider network to J35 a SMA IF Sample
Jack, located on the front panel, that
provides a sample of the corrected IF for
test purposes.
4.2.1.9 ALC Circuit
The other path of the corrected IF signal at
the input to the frequency response
corrector circuit is used in the ALC circuit.
The IF flows through L25, of the L24 L25
splitter, and connects to the op-amp U12.
The IF signal is applied through a resistor
divider network to transformer T5. T5
doubles the voltage swing by means of a
1:4 impedance transformation before it is
connected to the ALC detector circuit,
consisting of C70, CR23 and R91. The
detected ALC level output is amplified by
U10B and wired to U10A, pin 2, where it is
summed with the power control setting,
4-8
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
which is the output power setting that is
maintained by the ALC. The output of
U10A connects through SW1, if it is in
the auto gain position, to the pin-diode
attenuator circuit, CR1, CR2 & CR3. The
high forward biases them more or less,
that increases or decreases the IF level,
therefore the output level, opposite the
input level. When the input signal level
increases, the forward bias on the pin
attenuator decreases, therefore the
output power will decrease, which keeps
the output power the same as set by the
customer.
An external power raise/lower switch can
be used by connecting it to TB30, at
TB30-8 power raise and TB30-9 power
lower, on the rear of the exciter/amplifier
chassis. The ALC voltage is set for .8
VDC at TP4 with a 0-dBm output at J42C
pin 1C of the module. A sample of the
ALC at J42C pin 11C, is wired to the
Control Monitoring/Power Supply module
where it is used on the front panel
display and in the AGC circuits.
The ALC voltage, and the DC level
corresponding to the IF level after signal
correction, are fed to U10A, pin 2, whose
output at pin 1 connects to the ALC pindiode attenuator circuit. If there is a loss
of gain somewhere in an IF circuit, the
output power of the transmitter will drop.
The ALC circuit senses this drop at U10A
and automatically decreases the loss
through the pin-diode attenuator circuit
therefore increasing its gain maintaining
the same output power level.
The ALC action starts with the ALC
detector level monitored at TP4. The
detector output at TP4 is nominally +.8
VDC and is applied through resistor R77
to a summing point at op-amp U10A, pin
2. The current available from the ALC
detector is offset, or complemented, by
current taken away from the summing
junction. In normal operation, U10A, pin
2, is at 0 VDC when the loop is satisfied.
If the recovered or peak-detected IF
signal level at IF input to this board
should drop, which normally means that
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
the output power will decrease, the null
condition would no longer occur at U10A,
pin 2. When the level drops, the output of
U10A, pin 1, will go more positive. If SW1
is in the Automatic position, it will cause
the ALC pin-diode attenuators CR1, CR2,
and CR3 to have less attenuation and
increase the IF level; this will compensate
for the decrease in the level. If the ALC
cannot increase the input level enough to
satisfy the ALC loop, due to there not being
enough range, an ALC fault will occur. The
fault is generated because U10D, pin 12,
increases above the trip point set by R84
and R83 until it conducts. This makes
U10D, pin 14, high and causes the red ALC
Fault LED DS2 to light.
4.2.1.10 Fault Command
The board also has circuitry for an external
mute fault input at J42 pin 10C. This is a
Mute command that protects the circuits of
high-gain output amplifier devices against
VSWR faults. This action needs to occur
faster than just pulling the ALC reference
down. Two different mechanisms are
employed: one is a very fast-acting circuit
to increase the attenuation of the pin-diode
attenuator, CR1, CR2, and CR3, and the
second is the reference voltage being
pulled away from the ALC amplifier device.
An external Mute is a pull-down applied to
J42 pin 10C, that completes a current path
from the +12 VDC line through R78 and
R139, the LED DS4 (Mute indicator), and
the LED section of opto-isolator U11.
These actions turn on the transistor section
of U11 that applies -12 VDC through CR21
to U10A pin 3, and pulls down the
reference voltage. This is a fairly slow
action controlled by the low-pass filter
function of R81 and C61. When the
transistor section of U11 is on, -12 VDC is
also connected through CR22 directly to
the pin-diode attenuator circuit. This
establishes a very fast muting action, by
reverse biasing CR3. This action occurs in
the event of an external VSWR fault.
4.2.1.11 ±12 VDC Needed to Operate the
Board
4-9
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
The ±12 VDC connects to the board at
J42C. The +12 VDC connects to J42C pin
16C and is filtered by L30, L41, and C80
before it is applied to the rest of the
board. The -12 VDC connects to J42C pin
18C and is filtered by L31 and C81 before
it is applied to the rest of the board.
The +12 VDC also connects through
R261 to the zener diode VR3 that
connects to ground, which generates the
+6.8 VDC output to the rest of the board.
The +12 VDC also connects through
R265 to the diodes CR30 and CR31
provide a .9 VDC reference output
voltage VREF that temperature
compensates for the two diodes in each
corrector stage.
4.3 (A5) LO/Upconverter Module
(1301930)
This module contains the
LO/Upconverter board, the UHF
Generator Board, LED Display Board and
channel filters. This module takes an
external IF and converts it to the final
RF output frequency using an internally
generated local oscillator.
The local oscillator consists of a VCXO
that is phase locked to an external 10
MHz reference. The 10 MHz reference
and the VCO are both divided down to 5
kHz and compared by the phase lock
loop circuit. Any error from this
comparison is generated in the form of
an error current that is converted to a
bias voltage that connects to the VCO.
This voltage adjusts the output
frequency of the VCO until it is on the
desired frequency.
The Phase lock loop is programmed by
loading in data generated by the control
module. This data sets the dividers so
that the 10MHz and the VCXO frequency
are divided to 5kHz. These divide
numbers are loaded into U6 using the
clock, data and LE lines. This data is
sent whenever the module is first
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
plugged into the backplane board or when
power is applied to the transmitter. This
is necessary because the divide numbers
are lost when power is removed from the
module.
There is an alarm generated if the phase
locked loop is unlocked. This alarm is
displayed locally and is also sent to the
control module in the transmitter to be
displayed as a fault. The bias voltage to
the VCO is also available to be monitored
at TP1 and also can be viewed on the
front panel display of the Transmitter.
Typical values for this voltage are 0.1 to
0.5V. The 10 MHz reference is normally
an external reference. There is also a
high stability internal reference option
that is available if there is a desire to
operate the transmitter without an
external reference. Jumper W1
determines whether an external or
internal high stability reference is to be
used.
The IF signal is applied at a level of
–15 dBm average and is converted to the
final RF channel frequency. The RF signal
is applied to a filter that selects the right
conversion product. Next, the signal is
amplified to -7 dBm by A3 and exits the
front of the module at J2. There are also a
front panel samples of the RF output at J3
and the LO at J1. The RF sample level is
approximately -20 dB below the RF
output. The LO sample level is -7 dBm.
4.3.1 (A4) UHF Generator Board
(1585-1265)
The UHF generator board is mounted in the
UHF Generator Enclosure for EMI and RFI
protection. The board contains a VCXO
circuit and additional circuitry to multiply
the VCXO frequency by eight.
The VCXO circuit uses the crystal Y1,
mounted in a crystal oven for stability, to
produce an output of ≈ 67 MHz to 132 MHz,
depending on the desired channel
frequency. Course adjustment to the
frequency of the crystal is made by C11,
while fine adjustments are accomplished by
4-10
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
the AFC voltage at J2 from (A1) the
LO/Upconverter board (1302132). The
VCXO output level is adjusted by C6, L2,
L4 and C18. The output is split and
provides an input to the x8 multiplier
circuitry as well as a VHF Output sample
at J1.
the board enters through jack J4-3 and is
filtered by L22 and C54-C58 before being
distributed to the circuits on the board.
The x8 circuitry consists of three identical
x2 broadband frequency doublers. The
input signal at the fundamental frequency
is fed through a 6-dB pad consisting of
R21, R24, and R25 through C29 to
amplifier U3. The output of the amplifier
stage is directed through a bandpass filter
consisting of L8 and C32, which is tuned
to the fundamental frequency (67 MHz to
132 MHz). The voltage measured at TP1
is typically +.6 VDC. The first doubler
stage consists of Z1 with bandpass filter
L9 and C34 tuned to the second harmonic
(134 MHz to 264 MHz). The harmonic is
amplified by U4 and again bandpass
filtered at the second harmonic by C38
and L11 (134 MHz to 264 MHz). The
voltage measured at TP2 is typically +1.2
VDC. The next doubler stage consists of
Z2 with bandpass filter C40 and L12
tuned to the fourth harmonic of the
fundamental frequency (268 MHz to 528
MHz). The fourth harmonic is then
amplified by U5 and fed through another
bandpass filter tuned to the fourth
harmonic consisting of L14 and C44 (268
MHz to 528 MHz). The voltage measured
at TP3 is typically +2.0 VDC. The final
doubler stage consists of Z3 with
bandpass filter C46 and L15 tuned to the
eighth harmonic of the fundamental
frequency (536 MHz to 1056 MHz). The
signal is amplified by U6 and U7 to a
typical value of from +2 to +4 VDC as
measured at TP4. The amplified eighth
harmonic is then fed to the SMA RF
output jack of the board at J3. Typical
output level of the signal is +16 dBm
nominal. This output connects through
A5 a channel filter to the LO/Upconverter
Board.
4.3.2 (A2 and A5) UHF Filters (10071101)
The DC voltages needed to operate the
UHF generator board are supplied by the
LO/Upconverter Board. The +12 VDC for
LX Series, Rev. 0
The +9 VDC for the board enters through
jack J4-1 and is distributed to the rest of
the board.
Both UHF filters are tunable two-section
cavity filters that are typically tuned for a
bandwidth of 6 MHz and have a loss of -1
dB through the filter.
4.3.3 (A1) LO/Upconverter Board
(1302132)
The upconverter portion of the board
The LO/Upconverter board provides
upconversion processing by mixing the IF
and LO signals in mixer Z1 to produce the
desired RF frequency output. The RF
output is connected through J4 to A5, an
external channel filter, and applied back to
the board at J6. The RF is amplified and
connected to the RF output jack of the
board at J43-25B.
The IF signal (-6 dBm average) enters the
board at J43-2B and is applied through a
matching pad and filter circuit to the mixer.
The pad consists of R6, R2 and R7, which
presents a relatively good source
impedance. The IF is then connected
through a voltage divider network
consisting of R3, R4, R8 and R14. R14 is
variable and adjusted to set the 0 dBm IF
input level to the mixer. The IF in next
filtered by L3, C84 and C83 and connected
to pin 5, the I input of the mixer Z1.
The local oscillator signal (+13 dBm) from
UHF Generator Board, through (A5) a UHF
channel filter, connects to the board at jack
J1, an SMA connector. THE LO is
connected directly to pin 1, the L input of
the mixer Z1.
The frequency of the LO is the sum of the
IF frequency above the required digital
4-11
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
carrier. For instance, in system M, for
digital applications, the LO is the center
frequency of the digital channel added to
the 44-MHz IF frequency. By picking the
local oscillator to be 44 MHz above the
digital carrier, a conversion in frequency
occurs by selecting the difference
product. The difference product, the local
oscillator minus the IF, will be at the
desired digital carrier frequency output.
There will also be other signals present at
the RF output connector J3 at a lower
level. These are the sum conversion
product: the LO and the IF frequencies.
Usually, the output product that is
selected by the tuning of the external
filter is the difference product: the LO
minus the 44-MHz IF.
If a bad reactive load is connected to the
mixer, the LO signal that is fed through it
can be increased because the mixer no
longer serves as a double-balanced
mixer. The mixer has the inherent
property of suppressing signals that may
leak from one input port to any of the
other ports. This property is enhanced
by having inputs and outputs of the
mixer at 50Ω impedance. The RF output
of the mixer connects through a pad
made up of R12, R15, and R17 before it
is wired to the amplifier U2. The RF
signal is amplified by U2, a modular
amplifier, and includes within it biasing
and impedance matching networks that
makes U2 act as a wideband-RF amplifier
device. This amplifier, in a 50Ω system,
has approximately 12 dB of gain. U2 is
powered from the +12 VDC line through
RF decoupling components R24, C14, and
L4. Inductor L4 is a broadband-RF choke
and is resonance free through the UHF
band. The amplified RF connects through
a pad to the SMA RF output jack J4 and
is cabled to (A2) an external channel
filter. The reactive channel filter that is
externally connected to J4 of the board
does not appear as a good 50-Ω load at
all frequencies. The pad, in the output
line of the board, consisting of R20, R18,
and R21 buffers the bad effects of the
reactive filter load and makes it appear
as a 50Ω impedance.
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
The RF input signal from the external filter
re-enters the board at J6 (-11 to -17 dBm)
and is capacitively coupled to the pin-diode
attenuator circuit consisting of CR2, CR3,
and CR4. The pin-diode attenuator acts as
a voltage-variable attenuator in which each
pin diode functions as a voltage-variable
resistor that is controlled by the DC bias
connected to the diodes. The pin diodes,
because of a large, intrinsic region, cannot
rectify signals at this RF frequency;
therefore, they only act as a linear voltagevariable resistor. These diodes are part of
the AGC for the transmitter.
The automatic gain control (AGC) portion
of the board
The automatic gain control (AGC) provides
automatic gain control for the power
amplifier module(s).
The AGC circuitry attempts to maintain
the ratio between an input reference
proportional to the input power and the
output power of either the
exciter/amplifier PA output, AGC #1,
Inner Loop, or the output of external
power amplifiers, AGC #2, Outer Loop,
farther downstream. NOTE: The AGC #2
Outer Loop is not used in 5W-50W digital
transmitters.
An ALC reference input is applied to the
board at J43-16A, amplified by U10A, and
sent to the front panel board through J5-7
where it is connected to a AGC Manual
Gain pot, accessed through the front
panel. A switch AUTO/MAN AGC is also
located on the front panel. When
switched in MAN the MAN GAIN Pot
adjusts the output power level. The Gain
Control voltage is reapplied to the board
at J5-6. The gain control voltage is
summed to the added together inner and
outer loop AGC reference voltage at U10D.
The AGC output reference from the
exciter/amplifier PA module, AGC #1
INNER LOOP, is applied at J43-14C and
from the external PA module, AGC #2
OUTER LOOP, is applied at J43-15C.
4-12
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
The larger voltage of either the inner or
the outer loop is used to control the AGC
loop. Since the outer loop is not used in
this system, the inner loop controls the
AGC. R82 is adjusted so that the inner
loop voltage at TP7 is larger than the
voltage at TP4 by approximately .1 VDC.
This ensures that the output of the
exciter/amplifier is the reference used
for AGC. In systems that use the outer
loop, that level is adjusted to .1 VDC
above the inner loops reference. This
ensures that the output of the system is
the reference used for AGC. If that
reference drops to the point where it is
smaller than the inner loop reference,
the system switches over to using the
inner loop reference.
The AGC reference that is being used is
buffered by U10C and connected to
U10D. U10D generates an output
voltage that is used to bias the pin
attenuators, CR2, CR3 and CR4, which
sets the gain of the exciter/amplifier.
This Auto AGC circuit can be disabled by
the AGC Auto/Man switch, located on
the front panel, which switches the pinattenuator bias to a variable voltage
that is set by the Manual Gain Adjust.
The level-controlled RF signal, from the
pin-diode attenuator circuit, is amplified
by the wideband-hybrid amplifier IC U13
that is configured in the same way as U2.
The RF signal is converted by T1 to a
balanced, dual feed output that is applied
to the push-pull Class A amplifier IC U1.
Capacitors C2 and C5 provide DC
blocking for the input signal to the IC.
The RF outputs of the IC are applied
through C3 and C4, which provide DC
blocking for the output signals. The RF
signals connect to combiner T2 that
combines the RF back to a single-RF
output at a 50Ω impedance. The RF then
enters a coupler stage, which provides a
sample of the RF at J7 (–20dB), the front
panel RF sample jack. The main path
through coupler is to J43 pin 25B, the
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
Upconverter RF output jack of the module
(+0 to +10 dBm).
The PLL and 10-MHz Reference section of
the Board
The PLL and 10-MHz reference portion of
the board utilizes either an external 10
MHz reference or an internally generated
10 MHz as the reference for the PLL circuit
that generates the AFC voltage, which
controls the frequency of the VCXO on the
UHF Generator Board.
The (PLL) phase lock loop circuit, provides
the automatic frequency control (AFC)
voltage, that connects to the VCXO,
located on the UHF generator board, and
maintains the accurate output frequency of
the VCXO. The AFC is generated by
comparing a sample of the 10-MHz
reference to a sample of the VCXO
frequency. The PLL uses an external 10MHz signal as the reference, unless it is
missing, then an internally generated 10MHz signal is used. The two 10-MHz
reference signals are connected to the K1
relay and the selected reference connects
to the comparator synthesizer IC U9. The
switching between the two references is
accomplished by the K1 relay. When the
relay is de-energized, it applies the
external 10-MHz reference to U9. The
relay will remain de-energized as long as
an externally generated 10-MHz reference
signal is present and the Jumper W3 on
J10 is placed in the external position,
between Pins 1 & 2. An alternate 10 MHz
reference can be connected to J11 on the
board. The jump er W3 on J10 must then
be moved to pins 2 & 3, internal, to
connect the alternate 10 MHz to K1. The
alternate 10 MHz will then act in the circuit
like the external 10 MHz.
If the external 10-MHz reference is lost,
the relay will energized and the internally
generated 10-MHz reference is then
applied through the K1 relay pin 14 to pin
1 to the IC U9.
With the relay de-energized, the externally
generated 10-MHz from jack J43 pin 22B
4-13
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
connects through the normally closed
contacts of the relay from pin 1 to pin 7
to the IC U9.
External 10-MHz Reference Present
Circuitry
The external 10-MHz reference signal
enters the board at J43 pin 22B and is
isolated by L8 and connected to the
External/Internal Jack J10. W3 on J10 is
a manual jumper that must be connected
between pins 1 & 2, External, for the
external 10 MHz to connect to the rest of
the circuit. The external 10 MHz is
filtered by C44, R55, L9 and C46 before it
split with one path connected to the K1
relay at pin 1 of the normally closed
contacts. The other path takes the 10
MHz and rectifies it by CR5 and filters it
before it is connected to U7A pin 2. If
the sample level of the external 10 MHz
is above the reference set by R46 and
R48, which is connected to pin 3 of U7A,
the output of U7A stays low. The low
connects to the gates of Q3, Q5 and Q6,
which are biased off and cause their
drains to go high. The high from the
drain of Q6 is wired to J43, pin 14A, for
connection to a remote external 10-MHz
present indicator. The high from the
drain of Q5 connects to the yellow LED
DS2, internal reference indictor, which
will not light. This indicates that an
external 10-MHz reference is present.
The low from U7A also connects to the
gate of Q3, biasing it off and causing its
drain to go high. This high de-energizes
the K1 relay and applies the external 10MHz reference signal to pin 6 on U9 for
use as the reference in the PLL circuits.
Internal 10-MHz Reference Circuitry
The internally generated 10-MHz
reference signal connects from U6, the
10-MHz oscillator IC, to pin 14, the
Normally Open contacts of relay K1.
With no external 10-MHz reference input,
the level connected to U7A Pin 2 will be
low. This will be less than the reference
set by R46 and R48, which is connected
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
to pin 3 of U7A, that causes the output of
U7A to go high. The high connects to the
gates of Q3, Q5 and Q6, which are biased
on and causes their drains to go low. The
low from the drain of Q6 is wired to J43,
pin 14A, for connection to a remote
external 10-MHz present indicator. The
low from the drain of Q5 connects to the
yellow LED DS2, internal reference indictor,
which will light. This indicates that an
external 10-MHz reference is not present
and that the internal 10-MHz is being used
as the reference. The high from U7A also
connects to the gate of Q3, biasing it on
and causing its drain to go low. This low
energizes the K1 relay and applies the
internal 10-MHz reference signal through
K1 pin 14 to pin 7 to pin 6 on U9 for use as
the reference in the PLL circuits.
Selected 10-MHz Reference Samples
A sample of the selected 10-MHz is split off
the main path through L13 and R95 using
L14 and C74 and C73. The sample path
connects to another splitter circuit
consisting of L2, R94, L11, C71 and C70.
One output of the splitter connects to J43
pin 28B that is used by the external digital
modulator tray. The other output of the
splitter connects to J43 pin 31B that is
used by the external analog modulator
tray.
Comparator Phase Lock Loop Circuit
The selected 10-MHz reference connects to
pin 6, Oscillator In, of the IC U9. The LO
generated by the VCXO located on the UHF
Generator Board connects to J1 on the
LO/Upconverter Board. A sample of the LO
is divided off the main line by R105, R106
and R107. The LO sample connects to pin
4, F In, of U9.
The U9 IC takes the 10 MHz reference and
divides it down to 5 kHz. It also takes the
LO sample input and divides it down to 50
kHz. The two 5 kHz divided down signals
are compared inside of U9 and any
differences are connected to U9 pin 16.
The output of U9 at pin 16 are 5 kHz
pulses whose pulse width varies as any
4-14
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
differences between the 10-MHz and
VCXO frequencies are detected. These
pulses are changed to a DC voltage level
by the capacitor-resistor filter network,
C32, C36, C42, C38 and R49. The AFC
voltage is then connected to the + input
of U4B that amplifies it and connects it to
jack J9. W2 on J9 must be in the operate
position, between pins 1 and 2, for the
PLL circuit to operate. With jumper W2
between pins 2 and 3 on J6, set up, the
AFC bias is set by R43. NOTE: With the
VCXO, located on the UHF Generator
Board, set on frequency, the voltage as
measured at TP2 should be –2 VDC.
The AFC output of J9 is split with one
path connected to J43 pin 13A. The
other path is amplified by U7B and
connected to J12, VCXO AFC Output, on
the board that connects to the VCXO on
the UHF generator board. The PLL circuit,
when locked, will maintain the very
accurate VCXO output frequency because
any change in frequency will be corrected
by the AFC error voltage.
Lock Detector Circuit
IC chip U9 contains an internal lock
detector that indicates the status of the
PLL circuit. When U9 is in a locked state,
pin 12 goes high; the high is applied to
Q1, which is biased off. With Q1 off, pin
3 goes low and is connected to DS1, the
Red Unlock LED, which does not lit. Q1
pin 3 low also connects to Q2 that is
biased off. The drain of Q2, a high, is
wired to J43 pin 15A, the PLL Lock
Indicator output of the board.
If the 5-kHz from the 10-MHz reference
and the 5-kHz from the VCXO become
unlocked, out of the capture range of the
PLL, pin 12 of U9 goes to a logic low that
connects to the base of Q1. This biases
On Q1 causing pin 3 to go high. The high
connects to DS1, the red Unlock LED,
which lights, and to Q2, which is biased
on. When Q2 is biased on, it connects a
low to jack J43 pin 15A, the PLL Lock
Indicator output of the board.
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
Voltage Requirements
The board is powered by ±12 VDC that is
produced by an external power supply.
+12 VDC enters the board through J43
pins 18A, B & C, and is filtered and isolated
by L5, L6 and the shunt capacitor C24.
The +12 VDC is then applied to the rest of
the board and to J14 pin 3 for use by the
UHF Generator Board.
One connection of the +12 VDC is to IC
U12. U12 and associated circuitry produce
a +9 VDC that connects to J14 pin 1 for
use by the UHF Generator Board.
Another connection of the +12 VDC is to a
+5 VDC regulator. The +12 VDC connects
to diodes CR6 and CR7 that along with the
pi type filter consisting of C56, L10, C54
and C55 removes any noise from the +12
VDC before it connects to the +5 VDC
regulator IC U8. The output of the IC U8,
+5 VDC, connects to the rest of the board.
The -12 VDC enters the board through J43
pins 19A, B & C and is filtered and isolated
by L7 and the shunt capacitor C28. The 12 VDC is then applied to the rest of the
board and to J14 pin 5 for use by the UHF
Generator Board.
4.4 (A4) Control Monitoring/Power
Supply Module (1301936)
The Control Monitoring/Power Supply
Module Assembly contains (A1) a Power
Protection Board (1302837), (A2) a 600
Watt Switching Power Supply, (A3) a
Control Board (1302021), (A4) a Switch
Board (1527-1406) and (A5) a LCD
Display.
AC Input to Innovator LX Exciter/Amplifier
Chassis Assembly
The AC input to the Innovator LX
Exciter/Amplifier Chassis Assembly is
connected from J1, part of a fused entry
module, located on the rear of the chassis
assembly to J50 on the Control
4-15
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Monitoring/Power Supply Module. J50-10
is line #1 input, J50-8 is earth ground
and J50-9 is line #2 input. The input AC
connects to J1 on the Power Protection
Board where it is fuse protected and
connected back to J50, at J50-11 AC Line
#1 and J50-12 AC Line #2, for
distribution to the cooling Fan.
4.4.1 (A1) Power Protection Board
(1302837)
The input AC connects through J1 to two
10 Amp AC fuses F1 and F2. The AC
line #1 input connects from J1-1 to the
F1 fuse. The AC line #1 input after the
F1 fuse is split with one line connected
back to Jack J1 Pin 4, which becomes
the AC Line #1 to the Fan. The other
line of the split connects to J4. The AC
line #2 input connects from J1-3 to the
F2 fuse. The AC line #2 input after the
F2 fuse is split with one line connected
back to Jack J1 at Pin 5, which becomes
the AC Line #2 to the Fan. The other
line of the split connects to J2. J1-2 is
the earth ground input for the AC and
connects to J3.
Three 150-VAC, for 115 VAC input, or
three 275-VAC, for 230 VAC input, MOVs
are connected to the input AC for
protection. One connects from each AC
line to ground and one connects across
the two lines. VR1 connects from J4 to
J2, VR2 connects from J4 to J3 and VR3
connects from J2 to J3.
+12 VDC Circuits
+12 VDC from the Switching Power
Supply Assembly connects to J6 on the
board. The +12 VDC is divided into four
separate circuits each with a 3 amp self
resetting fuse, PS3, PS4, PS5 and PS6.
The polyswitch resettable fuses may
open on a current as low as 2.43 Amps
at 50 C, 3 Amps at 25 C or 3.3 Amps at
0 C. They definitely will open when the
current is 4.86 Amps at 50 C, 6 Amps
at 25 C or 6.6 Amps at 0 C.
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
PS3 protects the +12 VDC 2 Amp circuits
for the System Controller, the Amplifier
Controller and the Spare Slot through J62
pins 7, 8, 9 and 10. If this circuit is
operational, the Green LED DS3, mounted
on the board, will be lit.
PS4 protects the +12 VDC 2 Amp circuits
for the Modulator and the IF Processor
through J62 pins 13, 14, 15 and 16. If
this circuit is operational, the Green LED
DS4, mounted on the board, will be lit
PS5 protects the +12 VDC 2 Amp circuits
for the Upconverter through J62 pins 17,
18, 19 and 20. If this circuit is
operational, the Green LED DS5, mounted
on the board, will be lit
PS6 protects the +12 VDC 2 Amp circuits
for the Remote through J63 pins 17, 18,
19 and 20. If this circuit is operational,
the Green LED DS6, mounted on the
board, will be lit
-12 VDC Circuits
-12 VDC from the Switching Power Supply
Assembly connects to J5 on the board.
The -12 VDC is divided into two separate
circuits each with a 3 amp self resetting
fuse, PS1 and PS2.
PS1 protects the -12 VDC 2 Amp circuits
for the System through J63 pins 1, 2, 3
and 4. If this circuit is operational, the
Green LED DS1, mounted on the board,
will be lit
PS2 protects the -12 VDC 2 Amp circuits
for the Remote through J62 pins 1, 2, 3
and 4. If this circuit is operational, the
Green LED DS2, mounted on the board,
will be lit
The connections from J62 and J63 of the
Power Protection Board are wired to J62
and J63 on the Control Board.
4.4.2 (A3) Control Board (1302021)
In this transmitter, control monitoring
functions and front panel operator
4-16
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
interfaces are found on the Control
Board. Front panel operator interfaces
are brought to the control board using a
26 position conductor ribbon cable that
plugs into J60. The control board
controls and monitors the Power Supply
and Power Amplifier module through a
16 position connector J61 and two 20
position connectors J62 & J63.
U1 is an 8 bit RISC microcontroller that
is in circuit programmed or programmed
using the serial programming port J4 on
the board. When the microcontroller,
U1, is held in reset, low on pin 20, by
either the programming port or the
external watchdog IC (U2), a FET Q1
inverts the reset signal to a high that
connects to the contro l lines of U5, an
analog switch. The closed contacts of
U5 connects the serial programming
lines from J4 to U1. LED DS10 will be lit
when programming port J4 is used.
U2 is a watchdog IC used to hold the
microcontroller in reset, if the supply
voltage is less the 4.21 VDC; (1.25 VDC
< Pin 4 (IN) < Pin 2 (Vcc). The
watchdog momentarily resets the
microcontroller, if Pin 6 (ST) is not
clocked every second. A manual reset
switch S1 is provided but should not be
needed.
Diodes DS1 through DS8 are used for
display of auto test results. A test board
is used to execute self test routines.
When the test board is installed,
Auto_Test_1 is held low and
Auto_Test_2 is allowed to float at 5
VDC. This is the signal to start the auto
test routines.
U3 and U4 are used to selectively enable
various input and output ICs found on
pages 2 & 3 of the schematic.
U1 has two serial ports available. In this
application, one port is used to
communicate with transmitter system
components where U1 is the master of a
RS-485 serial bus. The other serial port
is used to provide serial data I/O where
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
U1 is not the master of the data port. A
dual RS-232 port driver IC and a RS-485
Port driver is also in the second serial data
I/O system. The serial ports are wired
such that serial data input can come
through one of the three serial port
channels. Data output is sent out through
each of the three serial port channels.
Switch SW1, transmitter operation select,
is used to select either transmitter
operation or exciter/driver operation.
When the contacts of SW1 are closed,
transmitter operation is selected and the
power monitoring lines of the transmitter’s
power amplifier are routed to the system
power monitoring lines.
U9 is a non-inverting transceiver IC that
provides 2 way asynchronous
communication between data busses. .
The IC is used as an input buffer to allow
the microcontroller to monitor various
digital input values.
Digital output latch circuits are used to
control system devices. Remote output
circuits are impleme nted using open drain
FETs, Q13, Q14, Q16, and Q17, with
greater than 60 Volt drain to source
voltage ratings.
Remote digital inputs are diode protected,
using CR6, CR7, CR8 and CR9 with a 1 kÙ
pull-up resistor, to +5 VDC. If the remote
input voltage is greater than about 2 Volts
or floating, the FET is turned on and a
logic low is applied to the digital input
buffer, U9. If the remote input voltage is
less than the turn on threshold of the FET
(about 2 VDC), a logic high is applied to
the digital input buffer, U9.
Four of the circuits on page two of the
schematic, which include Q2, Q9, Q19 and
Q21, are auxiliary I/O connections wired
for future use. They are wired similar to
the remote digital inputs but include a
FET, Q5, Q12, Q20 and Q22, for digital
output operations. To operate these
signals as inputs, the associated output
FET must be turned off. The FETs are
4-17
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
controlled by U10 and U12, analog input
multiplexer ICs.
U13, U14, U15, U16, U17 and U18 are 3
state non-inverting transceiver ICs that
provide 2 way asynchronous
communication between data busses.
The ICs are used as input buffers to
allow the microcontroller to monitor
various digital input values. The digital
inputs to the ICs utilize a 10 kÙ pull-up
resistor. The buffer IC, U18, used for
data transfer to the display is wired for
read and write control.
U19 and U20 are digitally controlled
analog switches that provide samples
back to the microprocessor. Each
analog input is expected to be between
0 and 5 VDC. If a signal exceeds 5.1
VDC, a 5.1 Volt zener diode clamps the
signals voltage, to prevent damage to
the IC. Most signals are calibrated at
their source, however two dual serial
potentiometers ICs are used to calibrate
four signals, System Visual/Average
Power, System Aural Power, System
Reflected Power and the Spare AIN 1.
For these four circuits, the input value is
divided in half before it is applied to an
op-amp. The serial potentiometer is
used to adjust the output signal level to
between 80 and 120% of the input
signal level. Serial data, serial clock and
serial pot enables are supplied by the
microprocessor to the dual serial
potentiometer ICs. J62 and J63 are two
20 position connectors that provide the
+12 VDC and –12 VDC power through
the Power Protection Board. The ±12
VDC generated by the switching power
supply connects to J62 and J63 after
being fuse protected on the Power
Protection Board.
There are three dual element,
red/green, common cathode LED
indicators mounted on the front panel of
the sled assembly; DC OK, Operate and
Fault.
There are three, the fourth is a spare,
identical circuits that drive the front
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
panel mounted LED indicators. The levels
on the 1, 2, 3 and 4 LED Control Lines, for
both the red and green LEDs, are
generated by the IC U11 as controlled by
the DATABUS from the microprocessor U1.
Each LED controller circuit consists of an
N-Channel MOSFET w/internal diode that
controls the base of an N-P-N transistor in
an emitter follower configuration. The
emitter of the transistor connects the LED.
With the LED control line LOW, the
MOSFET is Off, which causes the base of
the transistor to increase towards +12
VDC, forward biasing the transistor. With
the transistor forward biased, current will
flow from ground through the LED, the
transistor and the current limiting
resistors in the collector to the +12 VDC
source. The effected LED will light.
With the LED control line HIGH, the
MOSFET is On, which causes the base of
the transistor go toward ground potential,
reverse biasing the transistor. With the
transistor reverse biased, no current
through the transistor and LED, therefore
the effected LED will not light.
A third color, amber, can also be
generated by having both transistors
conducting, both control lines LOW. The
amber color is produced because the
current applied to the green element is
slightly greater than the red element.
This occurs because the current limiting
resistors have a smaller ohm value in the
green circuit.
There are four voltage regulators, three
for +5 VDC and one for +7 VDC, which
are used to power the Control Board. +12
VDC is applied to U25 the +7 VDC
regulator that produces the +7V, which is
applied to the LEDs mounted on the
board. The +7V is also connected to the
input of U26 a precision +5.0 Volt
regulator. The +5.0Vdc regulator output
is used to power the analog circuits and as
the microcontroller analog reference
voltage. Another two +5 Volt regulator
4-18
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
circuits U27, +5V, and U8, +5 Vserial,
are used for most other board circuits.
4.4.3 (A4) Switch Board (1527-1406)
The switch board provides five frontpanel momentary contact switches for
user control and interface with the frontpanel LCD menu selections. The
switches, SW1 to SW5, complete the
circuit through connector J1 to
connector J2 that connects to J1 on (A5)
the 20 Character by 4 line LCD Display.
J1 on the switch board is also cabled to
the Control Board. When a switch is
closed, it connects a logic low to the
control board that supplies the
information from the selected source to
the display. By pushing the button
again, a different source is selected.
This occurs for each push button. Refer
to Chapter 3 Section 3.5.4, for more
information on the Display Menu
Screens.
4.4.4 (A2) Switching Power Supply
Assembly
The power supply module contains a
switching power supply, an eight
position terminal block for distributing
the DC voltages, a three position
terminal block to which the AC Input
connects, Jacks J1, V1 and V2. Jack J1
connects to the Control Board and
supplies DC OK, at J1-4 & 3, and AC OK,
at J1-2 & 1, status to the control board.
A Power Supply enable connects from
the control board to the power supply at
V1-6 & 7. The power supply is
configured for three output voltages
+12V, -12V, at the 8 position terminal
block, and a main output power of +32
VDC at J50 pin A (+) and J50 pin B
(Rtn). The power supply is power factor
corrected to .98 for optimum efficiency
and decrease in energy consumption.
For safety purposes all outputs are over
voltage and over current protected. This
supply accepts input voltages from 85 to
264 volts AC, but the power entry
module, for the exciter/amplifier chassis,
must be switched to the proper input
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
voltage setting, for the transmitter to
operate.
4.5 (A4) Power Amplifier Module
Assembly (1301923)
The Power Amplifier Module Assembly
contains (A1) a 1 Watt UHF Amplifier
Module Assembly (1302891), (A2) a 40
Watt UHF Module Assembly (1206693),
(A3) UHF RF Module Pallet Assembly
(1300116), (A4) a Coupler Board
Assembly (11301949), (A5) an Amplifier
Control Board (1301962) and (A6) a
Temperature Sensor IC.
The RF from the Upconverter Module
Assembly connects from the Upconverter RF
Output BNC Jack J23, through a cable, to
the PA RF Input BNC Jack J24, located on
the rear of the exciter/amplifier chassis
assembly.
4.5.1 (A1) 1-Watt UHF Module
Assembly (1302891)
The 1-watt UHF module assembly provides
radio frequency interference (RFI) and
electromagnetic interference (EMI)
protection, as well as the heatsink, for the
1-watt UHF amplifier board (1302762) that
is mounted inside the assembly. The
assembly has approximately 17 dB of gain.
The RF input to the assembly connects to
SMA Jack J3. The amplified RF output of
the assembly is at the SMA Jack J4.
Typically, with an input signal of +4 dBm
at J1 of the assembly, an output of
+21 dBm can be expected at J2.
The +12-VDC bias voltage connects
through J5, a RF -bypassed, feed-through
capacitor, to the amplifier board. The
-12-VDC bias voltage connects through J6,
a RF-bypassed, feed-through capacitor, to
the amplifier board. E1 on the assembly
connects to Chassis ground.
4.5.2 (A1-A1) 1-Watt UHF Amplifier
Board (1302761)
4-19
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
The 1-watt UHF amplifier board is
mounted in the 1-watt UHF amplifier
assembly (1302891) and provides
approximately +17 dB of gain.
amplifier assembly (Figure 4-1). The
assembly is made up of a (51-5378-30800) module, which operates class AB and is
a highly linear broadband amplifier for the
frequency range of 470 to 860 MHz. It can
deliver an output power of 40 watts (CW)
with approximately 14 dB of gain.
The UHF signal enters the board at J3, a
SMA connector, and is applied to U3 an
IC hybrid coupler assembly that splits the
input signal into two equal parts. The
two amplifier paths are identical using Q4
and Q5, 1-Watt HFETs as the amplifier
devices. Each HFET has approximately
14 dB of gain.
The amplification circuit consists of
LDMOS transistors V804 and V805
connected in parallel and operating in
class AB. The paralleling network is
achieved with the aid of 3 dB couplers
Z802 and Z803. A further 3 dB coupler
Z801, in conjunction with capacitors C800
and C819, serves as a phase shifter.
Phase alignment (for the complete
amplifier), as well as quiescent current
settings are achieved by means of
potentiometers R807 and R808. The
settings are factory implemented and
should not be altered.
The drain voltage needed to operate each
HFET is obtained from the +12 VDC line
that connects to the board at J5 and is
regulated down to +8.25 volts by U4.
The gate negative bias voltage is
obtained from the -12 VDC line that
connects to the board at J6.
The amplified outputs of the HFETs are
applied to U2 an IC hybrid coupler
assembly that combines the amplified
signals into a single output that connects
to J4 of the board.
PIN diodes V810 & V811 form a variabledamping circuit that is used to adjust the
amplification of the 40-watt module. The
adjustment is performed with the Gain
potentiometer R838. A readjustment of
the amplification may be required, after
repair work, to ensure that the PAs in
multiple PA transmitters deliver the same
output power
4.5.3 (A4-A1) 40 Watt UHF Amplifier
Assembly (1206693)
The output of the UHF filter is connected
to the input J1 of (A2) the 40 Watt UHF
3 dB Coupler
Z 802
V 810
V 811
C 800
3 dB Coupler
Z 803
R 802 , ..4, ..5
3 dB Coupler
Z 801
RF
Input
V 804
C 819
RF
Output
R 814
V 805
R 838
X 801
Detector
Output
V 812
+32V
Figure 4-1: 40 Watt UHF Amplifier Module
4.5.4 (A3) UHF Module Assembly, RF
Module Pallet, Philips (1300116)
The UHF Module Assembly, 250-watt
module (Figure 4-2) is a broadband
amplifier for the frequency range 470 to
860 MHz. The amplifier is capable of
delivering an output power of 70 Wrms .
LX Series, Rev. 0
The amplification is approximately 13 dB.
The amplification circuit consists of the
parallel connected push-pull amplifier
blocks V1 and V2 operating in class AB. In
order to match the transistor impedance
to the characteristic impedance of the
4-20
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
input and output sides, matching
networks are placed ahead and behind
the amplifier blocks. Transformers Z3 to
Z6 serve to balance the input and output
signals. The paralleling circuit is
achieved with the aid of 3-dB couplers
Z1 and Z2.
The working point setting is factory
implemented by means of potentiometers
R9, R11, and R12 and should not be
altered.
V1
Z3
Z5
Matching
Network
RF
Input
Matching
Network
3 dB Coupler
Z1
3 dB Coupler
Z2
Dynamic
Equalization
R 10
R9
R2
N1
R 11
+Uop
RF
Output
R 12
R1
Matching
Network
Z4
Matching
Network
Z6
V2
Figure 4-2. UHF Amplifier Module, 250 Watts
4.5.5 (A4) Coupler Board Assembly
(1301949)
The UHF coupler board assemb ly
provides a forward and reflected power
samples of the output to (A5) the
amplifier control board where it connects
to the input of the overdrive-protection
circuit.
The RF input to the UHF coupler
assembly, from the 250 Watt UHF
amplifier module, connects to SMA jack
J1. The RF is connected by a stripline
track to the SMA type connector RF
Output jack J2. A hybrid-coupler circuit
picks off a power sample that is
connected to SMA type connector jack J3
as the forward power sample. Another
power sample is taken from the coupler
circuit that is connected to SMA type
connector jack J6 as the reflected power
sample. Two 50Ù terminations, used as
dissipation loads, connect to the reject
and reflected ports, J5 and J4, of the
coupler.
4.5.6 (A5) Amplifier Control Board
(1301962)
The amplifier control board provides LED
fault and enable indications on the front
panel of the module and also performs
LX Series, Rev. 0
the following functions: overdrive cutback,
when the drive level reaches the amount
needed to attain 110% output power; and
overtemperature, VSWR, and overdrive
faults. The board also provides connections
to the LCD Display for monitoring the %
Reflected Power, % Output Power, and the
power supply voltage.
U4, located upper center of page, is an in
circuit microcontroller. The controller is
operated at the frequency of 3.6864 MHz
using crystal Y1. Programming of this
device is performed through the serial
programming port J2. U4 selects the
desired analog channel of U1 through the
settings of PA0-PA3. The outputs of Port A
must be set and not changed during an
analog input read of channels PA5-PA7.
PA4 of U4 is a processor operating LED
that monitors the +/ -12 VDC. PA5 is used
to monitor the +12VDC supply to the
board. PA6 is the selected channel of
analog switch U1. PA7 is connected to a
via, V10, for future access.
U6 is a serial to RS-485 driver IC. U7 is a
watchdog IC used to hold the
microprocessor in reset, if the supply
voltage is less than 4.21 VDC. U7
momentarily resets the microcontroller if
Pin 6 (!ST) is not clocked every second. A
4-21
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
manual reset switch is provided but
should not be needed.
Upper left corner U3 is used to determine
where the amplifier control board is
located. The eight inputs come from the
main amp connector and are used to set
the SCADA address of the controller.
Pull-up resistors set a default condition of
logic high.
U5 below U3 is used for getting digital
input information of the board. Page two
has several monitoring circuits that
provide information on the amplifier’s
status. Many of these circuits
automatically shut down the amplifier if a
specific fault occurs.
U8 below U5 is used to control four board
mounted status LEDs. A FET is turned
On to shunt current away from the LED
to turn it Off. U9 below U8 is used to
enable different features within the
software. Actual use is to be determined.
In the lower right corner are voltage
regulator circuits. U22 should allow for
0.14 amps of power using its 92 C/W
rating if Ta = 60°C max and Tj = 125°C
max 0.26 amps can be obtained from
U22 if the mounting pad is 0.5 square
inches. The controller will not need this
much current.
U23 and U24 are low drop out +5 VDC,
voltage regulators with a tolerance
greater than or equal to 1%. 100mA of
current is available from each device but
again the controller will not need this
much current.
In the upper left section are circuits with
U12 and U13. U12 is used to generate a
regulated voltage that is about 5 volts
less than the +32 VDC supply,
approximately +26.25 VDC. When the
+32 VDC supply is enabled, the circuitry
around U13B is used to provide gate
voltage to Q10 that is 5 volts greater
than the source pin of this FET. The gate
of Q10 can be turned Off by any one of a
few different circuits.
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
U10A is used to turn Off the gate of Q10 in
the event of high current in amplifier #1.
At 0.886 VDC the current to amplifier #1
should be greater than 5 Amps. U11B is
used to turn off the Q10 FET, if high
current is detected in amplifier #2. U11A
is used to turn off the Q10 FET, if high
current is detected in amplifier #3. With
2.257 VDC at Pin 5 of U11B or Pin 3 of
U11A, the voltage output of current sense
amplifier U17 or U18 at high current shut
down should be greater than 15 Amps.
U14B is used to turn Off the gate of Q10 in
the event of high power supply voltage,
approximately +35.4 VDC. U14A is used
to keep the FET disabled in the event of
low power supply voltage, approximately
+25.4 VDC.
Current monitoring sections of the board.
The ICs U16, U17 and U18 along with
associated components set up the current
monitoring sections of the board. R67,
R68 and R69 are 0.01Ù/5W 1% through
hole resistor is used for monitoring the
current through several sections of the
amplifier. The voltage developed across
these resistors are amplified for current
monitoring by U16, U17 or U18. The
LT1787HVCS8 precision high side current
sense IC amplifier accepts a maximum
voltage of 60 VDC. The 43.2 kÙ resistor
from pin 5 to ground sets the gain of the
amplifier to about 17.28. This value is not
set with much accuracy since the
manufacturer internally matches the
resistors of this part but their actual
resistance value is not closely defined. A
trimming resistor is suggested to give a
temperature stability of –200 ppm/C, but
instead the microcontroller will determine
the exact gain of the circuit and use a
correction factor for measurements.
Circuit loading components are located in
the lower portion of each current
monitoring circuit. These components
allow for short duration high current
loading of the supply. By measuring the
current through the sense resistor with and
without the additional four 30.1 Ù 1%
4-22
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
resistors. For very short duration pulses,
a 1206 resistor can handle up to 60
watts. The processor requires 226 uSec
per conversion. A supply voltage of +32
VDC will pass 1.06 amps + 1% through
the load resistors.
A6 is a temperature sensor thermistor
that is used to monitor the temperature
of the module's heat sink. It connects
to J6 pins 1 & 2 on the board wand is
wired to the comparator IC U10B. If the
temperature increases above 75°C the
output will go Low that is used as a
temperature fault output, which
generates a Fault alert at U15A and
disables Amplifier #1.
Aural, Visual/Average and Reflected
power detector sections of the board.
A Forward Power Sample enters the
board at SMA Jack J3 and is split. One
part connects to J4 on the board that is
cabled to J1, the SMA Forward Power
Sample Jack, located on the front panel
of the assembly. The other part of the
split forward power sample is detected by
CR17 and the DC level amplified by
U25A. The output of U25A at pin 1 is
split with one part connected to the Aural
Power sample, which is not used in this
digital transmitter. The other split output
connects to U265A that is part of the
Forward Average Power circuit. The
detected level is connected to L4 that is
part of an intercarrier notch filter circuit
that is tuned to eliminate the 4.5 MHz
aural intercarrier, if present. The
Average power sample is amplified by
U26D and connected through the
average calibration pot R166 to U26C.
The output of U26C is connected to the
comparator IC U26B that has Aural Null
and Offset Null, if present in the system,
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
connected to the other input. The output
Average Forward power level connects to
J9 pin 2 of the board.
A Reflected Power Sample enters the board
at SMA Jack J5 and is detected by CR20
and the DC level amplified by U28B. The
output of U28B at pin 7 is connected
through the reflected calibration pot R163
to U28C. The output is split with one part
connected to J9 pin 5, the Reflected Power
Output level of the board. The other part
of the split from U28C connects to the
comparator IC U28D that has a reference
level connected to the other input. If the
reflected level increases above the
reference level a low output is produced
and connected to the Reflected Power
Shutdown circuit at CR28. The low shuts
off Q14 causing pin 3 to go high that is
connected to the inverter U15C. The
output of U15C goes low producing a
Reflected Power Fault that is connected to
an output of the board, the Fault Alert
circuit and also shuts down Amplifier #1.
Gain of the power measurements is
completed through software. Only the
Aural Null and Offset Null need to be done
through front panel pots.
This completes the description of the Power
Amplifier Module Assembly and the
Exciter/Amplifier chassis assembly.
Bandpass Filter and Trap Filter
The output of the translator is fed to (A9) a
Bandpass Filter, (A10) an Output Trap
Filter Assembly, and finally to the Antenna
for your System. The Bandpass Filter and
Trap Filter are tuned to provide high out of
band rejection of unwanted generated
products.
4-23
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment Procedures
Chapter 5
Detailed Alignment Procedures
This translator was aligned at the factory
and should not require additional
adjustments to achieve normal operation.
the Power Amplifier Module in the
exciter/amplifier chassis assembly.
These two cables must first be removed
before the PA module will slide out.
This translator takes the On channel RF
input to the Receiver Tray and converts it
to the desired UHF On Channel RF Output
at the systems output power level.
Slide the new module in place and make
certain it connects to the backplane
board. If the new module is a PA
Module replace the two cables on the
rear of the exciter/amplifier chassis
assembly. If the new module does not
slide in easily, verify it is properly
aligned in the nylon tracks both top and
bottom.
If the (Optional) Modulator Kit is
purchased, this translator can also
operate using the baseband audio and
video inputs or, if the (Optional) 4.5-MHz
composite input kit is purchased, either a
single composite video + 4.5-MHz input
or separate baseband video and audio
inputs.
Note: Each Module has an assigned slot
and will not fit properly in the incorrect
slot. Do not try to place a Module in the
wrong slot as this may damage the slot
or the connectors on the backplane
board.
The exciter/amplifier of the Innovator LX
Series translator is of a Modular design
and when a Module fails that module
needs to be changed out with a
replacement module. The replacement
module can then be sent back to Axcera
for repair. Contact Axcera Customer
Service Department at 724-873-8100 or
fax to 724-873-8105, before sending in
any module.
Each module has the name of the
module on the front, bottom for
identification and correct placement.
The Modules are placed in the unit from
left to right; (1) Blank panel, (2)
Modulator (for transmitters) or a Blank
panel for a Translator, (3) IF Processor,
(4) Upconverter, (5) Controller/Power
Supply and (6) Power Amplifier.
Module Replacement
Module replacement on the Innovator LX
Series products is a relatively simple
process. All modules plug directly into
the backplane board except for the
power amplifier module, and in higher
power units, the power supply and
power amplifier modules, that plug into
a blind mating connector. To replace a
module, refer to the following
procedure.
Initial Test Set Up
Check that the RF output at the coupler
is terminated into a dummy load of at
least 100 watts. While performing the
alignment, refer to the Test Data Sheet
for the translator and compare the final
readings from the factory with the
readings on each of the modules or tray.
The readings should be very similar. If a
reading is way off, the problem is likely
to be in that module or tray.
Loosen the two grip lock connectors,
located on the front panel, at the top
and bottom of the module,
counterclockwise until the module
releases. The IF Processor, Upconverter
and Controller/Power Supply can then
be gently pulled from the unit. There
are two cables connected to the rear of
LX Series, Rev. 0
Switch On both the main AC for the
system and the ON/OFF circuit breaker
located on the rear of the Receiver Tray.
5-1
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment Procedures
5.1 UHF/VHF Receiver Tray.
(1142479 or 1265-1100)
Channel Frequency and should not be
tuned in the field. The output of the filter
(-50 dBm to -5 dBm) is fed either
through the additional amplifier stage on
the Variable Gain Amplifier Board or to
(A10-A1) the Downconverter/Filter
Board.
Connect a UHF or VHF Input that is at the
desired Channel Frequency, to J1 50Ω or
J5 75Ω located on the rear of the (A7)
VHF/UHF Receiver Tray. Check that the
On/Off Switch located on the rear of the
Tray is On.
5.1.4 (A4) Channel Oscillator
Assembly, Dual Oven (1145-1202)
Note: If the Red LED, DS1 is lit, +12
VDC is present at the input of the
Receiver Tray and may damage any test
equipment connected to it. Remove the
fuse F1, DS1 will not be lit, before
connecting test equipment to the input
jack of the Receiver Tray.
Contains: The Channel Oscillator Board,
Dual Oven (1145-1201).
1.
5.1.1 (A7) UHF Filter, DC
Multiplexed (1035-1204, 50Ω
Ω or
1035-1207, 75Ω
Ω), VHF Filter, LB, DC
Multiplexed (1035-1902, 50Ω
Ω or
1035-1903, 75Ω
Ω) or VHF Filter, HB,
DC Multiplexed (2065-1024, 50Ω
Ω or
2065-1023, 75Ω
Ω)
Connect the main output of the
Channel Oscillator (J1) to a
spectrum analyzer, adjusted to
view the crystal frequency.
Peak the tuning capacitors C6 and
C18 for maximum output. Then
tune L2 and L4 for maximum
output. The output level should
be approximately +5 dBm and the
Oven Temperature should be
maintained at 50°C.
The input UHF or VHF signal (-61 dBm to
-16 dBm) is fed to the filter which has
been factory swept for 6 MHz Bandwidth
at the Channel frequency and should not
be tuned in the field. The output of the
filter is directed to the J1 input of (A8)
the Dual Stage Amplifier Assembly.
If a spectrum analyzer is not
available, connect a DVM to TP1
on the x8, x4 or x2 Multiplier
Board. Tune capacitors C6 and
C18 for maximum voltage at TP1.
Then tune L2 and L4 for maximum
voltage at TP1.
2.
5.1.2 (A8-A1) Dual Stage Amplifier
Board (1227-1501)
Mounted in: (A8) a Dual Stage Amplifier
Assembly (1227-1503).
The Dual Stage Amplifier Board has been
factory set to the channel frequency and
contains no customer tuning
adjustments. The board has
approximately +13 dB or +26 dB of gain,
depending on whether Jumper W1 on J5
is in place.
Note: While adjusting C9 and C11 to the
crystal frequency the peak voltage
monitored at TP1 of the Multiplier
Board should not decrease. If a
decrease does occur a problem
with the crystal is likely.
5.1.3 (A9) UHF Filter (1007-1101),
VHF LB Filter (1034-1202) or VHF
HB Filter (2065-1000)
3.
The UHF or VHF Filter has been factory
swept for 6 MHz Bandwidth at the
LX Series, Rev. 0
Connect the sample output of the
Channel Oscillator at J2 to a
suitable counter and tune C11,
Coarse Adjust, and C9, Fine
Adjust, to the crystal frequency.
Do not re-peak C6, C18, L2 or L4
because this may change the
output frequency.
5-2
Reconnect the main output at J1
of the Channel Oscillator to the
Input Jack J1 of the Multiplier
Board.
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment Procedures
Note: If the Optional Frequency
Correction Kit is purchased a VCXO
Assembly (1145-1206), containing
a VCXO Board (1145-1204), will be
used instead of the standard
Channel Oscillator Board. The
adjustment will be the same as
above except that the frequency is
adjusted by moving the Jumper
W1 on Jack J6, located on the IF
PLL Board (1109-1002), to Pins 2
& 3, Fixed Bias, and adjusting R15
on the IF PLL Board for -3 VDC at
FL2 of the VCXO Assembly. Move
the Jumper W1 on Jack J6 to
between Pins 1 & 2, AFC. Connect
the Oscillator Sample output, at
(J2) of the Channel Oscillator or
the Front Panel Sample Jack (J9),
to a suitable Frequency Counter
and tune C11, Coarse Adjust, to
the desired frequency. Do not
re-peak C6, C18, L2 or L4 because
it may change the output
frequency.
Capacitors to minimize the
seventh and the ninth harmonics,
they should be at least -30 dB
down, without affecting the x8
Multiplier Output.
If a Spectrum Analyzer is not available a
DC voltmeter can be used as follows but
the harmonic frequencies must be
minimized to prevent interference with
other Channels.
Reconnect the main output (J1) of
the Channel Oscillator (+5 dBm) to
the input (J1) of the Multiplier
Board. DS1 the Red Unlock
Indicator, located on the IF PLL
Board, should not be lit.
Mounted in (A5) a Multiplier Enclosure
(1265-1125).
During Normal operation, the Green LED
DS1, which can be seen through the
access hole in the Enclosure Assembly,
will be lit to indicate that the L.O. is
present at the output of the x8 Multiplier
Board.
Connect a Spectrum Analyzer to
the Output Jack (J2) of the board.
2.
Tune C4, C6, C10, C12, C18 and
C20 on the x8 and the appropriate
caps on the other boards for
maximum output. Readjust all the
LX Series, Rev. 0
While Monitoring each Test Point
with a DC voltmeter, maximize the
voltage by tuning the Broadband
Multipliers in the following
sequence.
2.
For x8 Multiplier Board: Monitor
TP1 with a DVM and tune C4 for
maximum. (Typical .6 VDC)
Monitor TP2 and tune C6 and C10
for maximum. (Typical 1.2 VDC)
Monitor TP3 and tune C12 and C18
for maximum. (Typical 2 VDC)
Monitor TP4 and tune C20 for
maximum. Re-peak C12 and C10
while monitoring TP4. (Typical 3.5
VDC)
For x4 Multiplier: Monitor TP1 with
a DVM and tune C4 for maximum.
(Typical .6 VDC)
Monitor TP2 and tune C6 and C10
for maximum. (Typical 1.2 VDC)
Monitor TP3 and tune C12 for
maximum. Re-peak C12 and C10
while monitoring TP3. (Typical 2
VDC) For x2 Multiplier: Monitor
TP1 with a DVM and tune C4 for
maximum. (Typical .6 VDC)
Monitor TP2 and tune C6 for
maximum. Re-peak C4 and C6
while monitoring TP2. (Typical 1.2
VDC)
5.1.5 (A5-A1) x8 Multiplier Board
(1227-1002), x4 Multiplier Board
(1227-1525) or x2 Multiplier Board
(1227-1524)
1.
1.
The Green LED DS1 should be lit which
indicates that the L.O. is present at the
Output Jack J2 of the Multiplier Board.
The output of the Multiplier at J2 is
connected to (A6) a UHF or VHF Filter.
5-3
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment Procedures
5.1.6 (A6) UHF Filter (1007-1101),
VHF LB Filter (1034-1211) or VHF
HB Filter (2065-1000)
Mounted in: The (A11) IF Filter/ALC
Enclosure (1265-1105).
This board is used for additional adjacent
Channel rejection only if needed and may
not be part of the Tray.
This filter has been factory swept at the
L.O. frequency and should not be tuned
without proper equipment. The output of
the filter (+15 dBm) is connected to J2
on
(A10)
the
Downconverter/Filter
Assembly.
The board contains no tuning
adjustments. The Jumpers W1 and W2
on J4 and J5 are placed for Attenuator In
or Attenuator Out as needed to give the
same output level at J2 as was at J1.
5.1.7 (A10-A1) Downconverter/
Amplifier Board (1227-1502)
5.1.10 (A2) ±12V Power Supply
Board (1092-1206)
Mounted in: The (A10)
Downconverter/Amplifier Assembly
(1227-1505).
This board contains no adjustments.
The Mixer contains no adjustments and
has a L.O. input of approximately +12
dBm in level applied to J2 and a -47 dBm
to -2 dBm RF input applied to J1. The
output IF level at J3 will be -55 dBm to
-10 dBm.
Note: If the (Optional) Frequency
Corrector Kit is part of the tray, perform
the following adjustments. If the
Frequency Corrector Kit is not part of the
tray, the tray is aligned and ready for
normal operation.
1.
5.1.11 (A15) (Optional) IF Carrier
Oscillator Board (1100-1206)
2.
Connect a Spectrum Analyzer to
the Output Jack J3 and adjust L1,
C2 and L3 for best frequency
response.
Adjust C8 and R3 to notch out the
Aural IF Frequency.
The IF output at J3 (-55 dBm to -10
dBm) is fed to the IF Filter/ALC Board. If
needed a 10 dB Pad can be added to the
circuit by moving the jumpers on J4 and
J5 to the In position.
1.
Monitor J3 with a Spectrum
Analyzer and observe the 38.9
MHz Visual IF signal at +5 dBm.
2.
Connect a Frequency Counter to J2
on the board or to J9 on the Front
Panel and adjust C17 for 38.9
MHz.
3.
Connect a Frequency Counter to J1
and check for the 50 kHz signal.
Adjust C17, if needed, to attain
the 50 kHz frequency. Remove
the Jack on J5. DS2 the Unlock
Indicator should light. Replace the
Jack onto J5.
5.1.8 (A11-A1) IF Filter/ALC Board
(1227-1504) Mounted in: The (A11)
IF Filter/ALC Enclosure (12651105).
1.
Check that Switch S1, located on
the IF Filter/ALC Board, is in the Auto
ALC and that the output of the Board at
J2 is approximately 0 dBm Output, adjust
R23 if needed.
5.1.12 (A13) (Optional) IF Filter/
Limiter Board (1109-1001)
1.
5.1.9
(A11-A2)
(Optional)
SAW
Filter/Amplifier Board (1035-1211)
LX Series, Rev. 0
5-4
Monitor the Aural Notch Test
Output of the board at J5 and
move the Jumper W1 on Jack J4 to
between Pins 2 & 3, Test Position.
Adjust C17 to the Aural IF
Frequency, then adjust R10 to
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment Procedures
eliminate or minimize the Aural IF
signal. Move the Jumper W1 on
Jack J4 back to between Pins 1 &
2, Operate Position.
2.
3.
If DS1 is lit, follow the alignment
procedure for setting up the VCXO
Channel Oscillator using R9 on the IF PLL
Board to set up the AFC Voltage for the
Frequency of the VCXO. If it is still lit,
check the 50 kHz reference output of the
(A15) IF Carrier Oven Oscillator. If
needed, follow the alignment procedure
for the IF Carrier Oven Oscillator Board.
Monitor the IF CW Output of the
board at J6 with an Oscilloscope
and adjust R12 and C21 for
maximum Video Signal or connect
a Spectrum Analyzer, in Zero
Span, to J6 and adjust R12 and
C21 for Minimum Video Signal
amplitude ripple on the displayed
signal.
5.1.14 (A16) (Optional) IF
Amplifier Board, High Gain (11971126)
Adjust R15 for +3 dBm or
Maximum output level if +3 dBm
cannot be attained.
This board contains no customer
adjustments. The amplified IF output
from the IF Filter/ALC Board connects to
the IF Filter Limiter Board.
The Receiver Tray is now set up and
ready for normal operation.
5.1.13 (A14) (Optional) IF PLL
Board (1109-1002)
Check that the Red LED DS1, Unlock
Indicator, located on the board is not lit.
LX Series, Rev. 0
5-5
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment Procedures
5.2 Innovator LX Series
Exciter/Amplifier Chassis Assembly
obtain +0.8 VDC on the LCD Display on
the Controller/Power Supply in the ALC
screen. Move the MAN/AUTO ALC switch
back to Auto, which is the normal
operating position.
The exciter/amplifier chassis assembly
operates using an external IF input from
an external receiver tray. The IF source
connects to J6, the modulated IF Input
jack, on the rear of the chassis assembly,
which is cabled to the IF Processor
Module.
To adjust the AGC Cutback setting, raise
the output power of the translator to
110%. Adjust R2, AGC Cutback, located
on the front panel, CCW until the LED
DS1, AGC Cutback, just starts to flash.
Return the output power of the translator
to 100%.
On the LCD Display, located on the
Controller/Power Supply Module, push
the button to switch the translator to
Operate. The setup of the RF output
includes adjustments to the drive level of
the Power Amplifier, the adjustment of
the linearity and phase predistortion to
compensate for any nonlinear response
of the Power Amplifier on the front panel
of the IF Processor module.
5.2.1 Linearity Correction
Adjustment
As shipped, the exciter was preset to
include amplitude and phase predistortion. The pre-distortion was
adjusted to approximately compensate
the corresponding non-linear distortions
of the Power Amplifier.
Verify that all red LEDs located on the IF
Processor front panel are extinguished.
The following details the meaning of each
LED when illuminated:
•
NOTE: On the IF processor board inside
the module the correction enable/disable
jumper W12 on J30 will be in the Enable
position, on pins 2 & 3.
DS1 (input fault) – Indicates that
either abnormally low or no IF is
present at the input of the module.
•
DS2 (ALC fault) – Indicates that the
ALC circuit is unable to maintain the
signal level requested by the ALC
reference. This is normally due to
excessive attenuation in the linearity
signal path or the IF phase corrector
signal path, or that switch SW1 is in
the Manual ALC Gain position.
•
DS4 (Mute) – Indicates that a Mute
command is present to the system.
Set up a spectrum analyzer with 100 kHz
resolution bandwidth and 100 kHz video
bandwidth to monitor the
intermodulation products of the RF
output signal of the Power Amplifier. A
typical red field spectrum is shown in
Figure 5-1. There are three Linearity
Corrector stage adjustments located on
the front panel of the IF Processor
Module. The adjustments are threshold
settings that are adjusted as needed to
correct for any amplitude or phase
intermod problems. Adjust the top
linearity correction adjustment R211
threshold cut in for the in phase
amplitude distortion pre-correction that is
needed. Next adjust the middle linearity
correction adjustment R216 threshold cut
in also for the in phase amplitude
distortion pre-correction that is needed.
Finally adjust the bottom linearity
correction adjustment R231 threshold cut
in for the quadrature phase distortion
pre-correction that is needed. The above
Switch the translator to Standby. The
ALC is muted when the translator is in
Standby. To monitor the ALC, preset R3,
manual gain adjust, on the front panel of
the Upconverter module, fully CCW.
Move switch SW1, Auto/Man AGC, on the
front panel of the Upconverter module, to
the Manual position. Place the translator
in Operate. Adjust the ALC GAIN pot on
the front panel of the IF Processor to
LX Series, Rev. 0
5-6
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment Procedures
pots are adjusted for the greatest
separation between the peak visual
carrier and the intermod products.
Figure 5-1. Typical Red Field Spectrum
5.2.2 Frequency Response Delay
Equalization Adjustment
5.2.3 Calibration of Output Power
and Reflected Power of the
translator
The procedure for performing a
frequency response delay equalization
adjustment for the translator is described
in the following steps:
Note:
Perform
the
following
procedure
only
if
the
power
calibration is suspect.
The center frequency for the first stage is
46.5 MHz. Adjust R103, the top
frequency response equalizer pot, located
on the front panel of the IF Processor
Module, for the best depth of frequency
response correction at 46.5 MHz.
Switch the transmitter to Standby and
preset R205, the aural null pot on the
Amp Control board, fully CCW. Adjust
R204, the null offset pot on the Amp
Control board, for 0% visual output.
Perform the following adjustments with
no aural present by removing the aural
carrier from the test modulator. Connect
a sync and black test signal to the video
input jack of the test modulator. Switch
the transmitter to Operate.
The center frequency for the second
stage is 41.5 MHz. Adjust R106, the
middle frequency response equalizer pot,
located on the front panel of the IF
Processor Module, for the best depth of
frequency response correction at 41.5
MHz.
Next, set up the transmitter for the
appropriate average output power level:
The center frequency for the second
stage is 44 MHz. Adjust R274, the
bottom frequency response equalizer pot,
located on the front panel of the IF
Processor Module, for the best depth of
frequency response correction at 44 MHz.
After the three delay attenuation
equalizers have been adjusted, fine tune,
as needed, for the best frequency
response across the channel.
LX Series, Rev. 0
•
Sync + black 0 IRE
setup/wattmeter=59.5 watts
•
Sync + black 7.5 IRE
setup/wattmeter=54.5 watts
Note: The transmitter must have 40
IRE units of sync.
Adjust R202, visual calibration, on the
Amp Control board for 100% on the front
5-7
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment Procedures
panel display in the % Visual Output
position.
The Bandpass Filter is factory tuned to
the proper bandwidth and should not
need tuned. If you think tuning is
needed consult ITS Corp. Field Support
Department before beginning.
With the spectrum analyzer set to zero
span mode, obtain a peak reference on
the screen. Reconnect the aural carrier
from the test modulator. Turn the power
adjust pot on the front panel until the
original peak reference level is attained.
Adjust R203 for a 100% aural power
reading. Switch to the Visual Output
Power position and adjust R205 (aural
null pot) for 100% visual power.
The Traps are labeled with their Center
Frequency relative to the Frequency of
the Carrier. (For Example: The Traps
labeled -4.5 MHz are tuned for a Center
Frequency of 4.5 MHz Lower than the
Frequency of the Visual Carrier.)
The Trap Sections are Reflective Notches,
adjustable across the entire UHF
Frequency Band. The electrical length of
the Outer Sleeve and the Center Rod of
the Notch can be adjusted to Tune the
Notch Frequency. The Depth of the
Notch is set by the gap between the
Center Conductor of the Trap Section and
the Center Conductor of the Main Line.
Tight Coupling makes a Deep Notch,
while Loose Coupling makes a Shallow
Notch.
To calibrate the reflected output power
reading of the translator. Reduce manual
gain pot R3 to a 10% reading on the LCD
front panel display in the % Output
Power position. Place the translator in
Standby. Remove the load from J4 on
the (A4) Direction Coupler Board and
switch the LCD Display screen to the
Reflected Output Power position. Switch
the translator to operate. Adjust the
reflected power calibration adjust pot
R163 on the power amplifier module to a
10% reading. Reconnect the load to J4.
The Trap Sections have been factory
tuned and should not need major
adjustments. The Frequency, relative to
Visual Carrier, that the Trap is tuned to is
marked on the Notch. Fine Tuning of the
Notches Center Frequency can be
accomplished with the Tuning Bolts
located on the side of the Filter Section.
Loosen the nut locking the Bolt in place
and adjust the Bolt to change the
Frequency of the Notch. Monitor the
output of the Transmitter with a
Spectrum Analyzer and Null the
Distortion Product with the Bolt. Red
Field is a good Video Test Signal to use to
see the +8.08 MHz Product. Tighten the
nut when the tuning is completed. Hold
the bolt in place with a screwdriver as
the nut is tightened to prevent it from
slipping.
After this calibration is completed, move
switch SW1 on the upconverter module
to the Automatic AGC position. This is
the normal operating position for the
switch.
The Translator is now aligned, calibrated,
and ready for normal operation.
This completes the detailed alignment
procedures for the Innovator LX Series
translator.
If a problem occurred during the
alignment, help can be found by calling
Axcera field support at 724-873-8100.
5.3 Alignment Procedure for the
Bandpass Filter Assembly
For major tuning, such as changing the
Notch Depth or moving the Notch
Frequency more than 1 MHz, the Outer
Conductor and the Center Conductor of
the Trap Section must both be moved.
This requires an RF Sweep Generator to
The Bandpass Filter Assembly is tuned to
reject unwanted distortion products
generated when the signals are diplexed
and also during the amplification process.
LX Series, Rev. 0
5-8
Analog UHF Driver/Translator
Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment Procedures
accomplish. Apply the Sweep signal to
the Input of the Trap Filter and monitor
the Output. Loosen the Clamp holding
the Outer Conductor in place and make
the length longer to Lower the frequency
of the Notch or shorter to Raise the
frequency of the Notch. Loosen the
Center Conductor with an Allen Wrench
and move it Deeper for a Lower
Frequency Notch or out for a Higher
Frequency Notch. These adjustments
must both be made to change the Notch
Frequency. Moving only the Center
Conductor or the Outer Conductor will
effect the Notch Depth in addition to the
Center Frequency. The variable that is
being adjusted with this procedure is the
length of the Center Conductor inside the
Trap Filter. The gap between the Trap
and the Main Line should not be changed.
Moving only the Inner or the Outer
Conductors by itself will effect the Gap
and the Notch depth.
To effect the Notch Depth Only, both
sections will have to be moved. The
Notch Depth is controlled by the Gap
between the Center Conductor and the
Trap Section. This Gap also has an effect
on the Center Frequency. To Deepen the
Notch, Shorten the Outer Conductor and
pull the Center Conductor Out until the
Notch is back in the same place. Move
the Sections in the opposite direction to
make a Shallow Notch.
LX Series, Rev. 0
After tuning has been completed, tighten
the Clamp and the Allen Screws which
hold the Conductors. Use the Fine
Tuning Bolts to bring the Frequency In.
The Final Tuning Adjustments should be
completed with the Transmitter driving
the Output Trap Filter for at least one
hour to allow for warm-up drift.
This completes the Alignment Procedure
for the Bandpass Filter Assembly.
5-9
APPENDIX A
SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
Innovator LX (Preliminary)
Low Power Transmitter 10W-6kW
Designed to provide broadcasters with a product that will meet their needs like
no other solution on the market, this new low to medium power transmitter
line uses the latest LDMOS devices for broadband operation across the entire
UHF band. This allows users to minimize spare parts stock, which is especially
important to group owners and networks, and also enables simple and
inexpensive channel changes.
The very compact and completely modular design uses a chassis/backplane
configuration with parallel amplifier and power supply modules that can be
removed and replaced while the transmitter is on the air. Additionally, the
Innovator LX series was designed to be field upgradable to digital operation.
Configurations are available in power levels from 10 watts to 6 kilowatts
analog and up to 3 kilowatts DTV, and all are manufactured in the USA by
Axcera - The RF Experts.
Innovator LX (Preliminary)
Low Power Transmitter 10W - 6kW
Visual Performance
Visual Performance (continued)
Frequency Range
470 to 806 MHz
Carrier Stability (Transmitters)
Standard
±1 kHz
Optional
±350 Hz
w/PFC
±1Hz
Frequency Translation Stability (Translators)
Standard
±1 kHz
Optional
±350 Hz
w/PFC
±1Hz
Regulation of RF Output Power
3%
Output Variation (Over 1 Frame)
2%
Sideband Response
-1.25 MHz and below
-20 dB
-0.75 to -0.5 MHz
+0.5 db, -2 dB
-0.5 to +3.58 MHz
±0.5 dB
+3.58 MHz to +4.18 MHz
+0.5, -1.0 dB
Freq Response vs. Brightness
±0.5 dB
Visual Modulation Capability
1%
Differential Gain
5%
Incidental Phase Modulation
±3°
Linearity (Low Frequency)
5%
Differential Phase
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
2t K-Factor
Noise Factor (Translators)
w/Input Preamp
Input Dynamic Range (Translators)
w/Input Preamp
Env. Delay (Transmitters)
Video Input (Transmitters)
Harmonics
Intermodulation Products
Spurious (›3 MHz from channel edge)
100W and lower
Greater than 100W
Aural Performance
Frequency Deviation Capability
(Transmitters)
Distortion
FM Noise
AM Noise
Aural to Visual Separation
±3°
55 dB
2%
5 dB (Max)
3 dB (Max)
-60 dB to
-15 dBm
-75 dBm
to -30 dBm
Per FCC Standard
75 ohms
(Loop through)
-60 dB or better
-52 dB or better
±75 kHz
0.5%
-60 dB
-55 dB
4.5 MHz
± 100Hz
Composite Audio Input (Multi-channel sound)
(Transmitters)
Input Level
1V peak,
nominal
75 ohms,
unbalanced
Input Impedance
Frequency Range
±0.1 dB response
±0.5 dB response
Monaural Audio Input (Transmitters)
Input Level
Input
-50dB or better
-60dB or better
Freq Range (±0.5 dB resp.)
Pre-emphasis
Subcarrier Input (Transmitters)
Input Level
Input Impedance
Freq Range (±0.5 dB resp.)
50 Hz to 50 kHz
30 Hz to 120 kHz
0 to +10 dBm
600 ohms,
balanced
30 Hz to 15 kHz
75µs
1V peak,
nominal
75 ohms,
unbalanced
20 kHz to
120 kHz
General
Model Number*
LU10Ax LU100Ax
LU250Ax
LU500Ax
LU1000Ax
LU2000Ax
LU3000Ax
LU4000Ax
LU5000Ax
LU6000Ax
Power Output (Watts)
Visual (Peak)
Aural (Avg.)
10
100
10
Output Connector
Power Consumption (Watts)
250
675
250
25
7/ ” EIA
1100
500
50
7/ ” EIA
1900
1000
100
7/ ” EIA
3500
2000
200
7/ ” EIA
6700
3000
300
31/8” EIA
10,250
4000
400
31/8” EIA
13,500
5000
500
31/8” EIA
16,700
6000
600
31/8” EIA
19,900
Input Power
Line Voltage (Volts)
Power Requirements
117/230 ±10%
Size (H x W x D)
230 ± 10%
Single Phase, 50 or 60 Hz
8.75”x19”x23”
55”x22”x34”
76”x22”x34”
76”x44”x34”
(Chassis Only)
Weight (lbs.)
45
45
340
360
Operational Temperature Range
400
550
700
1030
1180
1330
0 to +50°, derate 2°C/1000 ft.
Maximum Altitude 3
8500 feet (2600m) AMSL
Operational Humidity Range
0% to 95% non-condensing
RF Load Impedance
50 Ω
* For transmitters use “T” suffix, translators use “L” suffix (ex. LU100AT - 100W Transmitter)
Specifications published here are current as of the date of publication of this document. Because we are continuously improving our products, Axcera reserves the right to
change specifications without prior notice. At any time, you may verify product specifications by contacting our office. Axcera views it’s patent portfolio as an important
corporate asset and vigorously enforces its patents. Products or features contained herein may be covered by one or more U.S. or foreign patents.
0311R3
© 2003 AXCERA
All Rights Reserved
An Equal Opportunity Employer
A Platinum Equity Company
APPENDIX B
SAMPLE LOG SHEET
10-100W UHF Translator
Appendix B, Sample Log Report Sheet
UHF Exciter
ALC (0 to 1 V) = ___________________V
% Aural Power (0 to 120) = __________%
% Reflected (0 to 120) = ____________%
% Visual Power (0 to 120) = _________%
Date __________________
Customer Name ______________________________ Call Letters ________________
Technician ___________________________________________
LU1000AL, Rev. 0
A-1
APPENDIX C
SUBASSEMBLY DRAWINGS AND PARTS LISTS
UHF Driver/Translator
Appendix C, Drawings and Parts Lists
Innovator LX UHF Translator System .......................................................1303268
100 Watt Exciter Block Diagram..............................................................1302139
System Block Diagram...........................................................................1303374
System Interconnect............................................................................1303375
Chassis Assembly, Exciter, Innovator LX Series........................................1301914
Interconnect ......................................................................................1303108
Backplane Board, Innovator LX Series ......................................................1301941
Schematic ....................................................................................1301995
IF Processor Assembly ...........................................................................1301938
IF Processor Board .........................................................................1301977
Schematic ....................................................................................1301983
Upconverter Assembly, Analog................................................................1301930
Interconnect .....................................................................................1302060
Front Panel LED Display Board ................................................................1303033
Schematic ....................................................................................1303035
UHF Filter......................................................................................................
Schematic .................................................................................1007-3101
UHF Generator Board ........................................................................1585-1265
Schematic .................................................................................1585-3265
L.O./Upconverter Assembly....................................................................1303039
Contains a L.O./Upconverter Board (1302132).
L.O./Upconverter Board ........................................................................1302132
Schematic ....................................................................................1302134
Control/Power Supply Assembly .............................................................1301936
Interconnect ......................................................................................1302062
Control Board......................................................................................1302021
Schematic ....................................................................................1302023
Power Protection Board.........................................................................1302837
Schematic ....................................................................................1302839
Switch Board ...................................................................................1527-1406
Schematic .................................................................................1527-3406
Power Amplifier Assembly, Exciter, 100 Watt Transmitter..........................1301923
Interconnect ......................................................................................1302061
Coupler Board Assembly ........................................................................1301949
Schematic ....................................................................................1303152
Amplifier Control Board..........................................................................1301962
Schematic ....................................................................................1301964
1 Watt Module Assembly ............................................................................1302891
Contains a 1 Watt UHF Amplifier Board (1302761).
LX Series, UHF Translator, Rev. 0
C-1
1007-1101
UHF Driver/Translator
Appendix C, Drawings and Parts Lists
1 Watt UHF Amplifier Board.........................................................................1302761
Schematic ....................................................................................1302762
TFS 40W UHF Module, Tested.....................................................................1206693
Made from a TFS 40W UHF Module, Stork (51-5379-308-00).
TFS 40W UHF Module, Stork ....................................................... 51-5379-308-00
Schematic .................................................................. 51-5379-308-00 WSP
RF Module Pallet, Philips.............................................................................1300116
Made from a RF Module Pallet w/o Transistors (1152336).
RF Module Pallet w/o Transistors ............................................................1152336
Schematic .................................................................. 51-5379-309-00 WSP
UHF/VHF Receiver Tray .......................................................................1265-1100
Block Diagram ..................................................................................1265-3100
Interconnect ...................................................................................1265-8100
VHF Channel Filter, Low Band
Schematic ..............................................................................1034-3202
VHF L.O. Filter, Low Band
Schematic ..............................................................................1034-3211
±12V(3A) Power Supply Board
Schematic ..............................................................................1092-3206
Channel Oscillator Board, Dual Oven
Schematic ..............................................................................1145-3201
Dual Stage Amplifier
Schematic ..............................................................................1227-3501
Downconverter Amplifier Board
Schematic ..............................................................................1227-3502
IF Filter/ALC Board
Schematic ..............................................................................1227-3504
x2 Multiplier Board
Schematic ..............................................................................1227-3524
LX Series, UHF Translator, Rev. 0
C-2

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